text:
Quota(Latin). The allotted portion or share; the rate assigned to each. Thus we say, "Every man is to pay his quota towards the feast." Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894 More on Quota from Fact Monster:
24 X 7Private Tutor
Explore Free Homework Help , Chemistry Tutoring


text:
Obama loses a top economic adviser. In this economy, is that a good thing?
White House economist and longtime Obama adviser Austan Goolsbee says he's returning to academia. Considering Americans' views of the slow recovery, perhaps that helps the president.
Jonathan Ernst/Reuters
Austan Goolsbee isn't exactly a household name, though fans of the Daily Show might recognize the White House economist and long-time adviser to President Obama from his bantering appearances with Jon Stewart in recent years.
In addition to his job, since September, as chairman of the White House Council of Economic Advisers (CEA), Mr. Goolsbee has also tapped into his skills as a performer to explain economics in lay terms in countless TV interviews and White House videos showing him at the "white board." As a Yale student, Goolsbee was a member of the improv troupe Just Add Water and a champion debater.
But no amount of verbal gyrations can convince the public that the economy is improving, as the unemployment rate (now 9.1 percent) clicks upward and economic growth remains sluggish. And now Goolsbee is departing Washington to return to his teaching job at the University of Chicago. His stated reason was to preserve his tenured professorship.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Cheap Flights from Seoul to Vietnam
Did You Know?
There are 16 nonstop flights per week from Seoul, KR and Vietnam on large aircraft.
Seoul, KR connects with 3 cities within Vietnam nonstop.
20,245 seats are available per week to fly direct from Seoul, KR to Vietnam.
The largest aircraft flying nonstop from Seoul, KR to Vietnam is the Boeing 747-400 with 384 seats.
3 airlines operate between Seoul, KR and Vietnam.
The lengthiest nonstop flight from Seoul, KR to Vietnam lasts 5:50.
Vietnam provides 34% of the nonstop flights from Seoul, KR to Vietnam.
There are 67 nonstop flights per week from Seoul, KR and Vietnam on medium sized aircraft.
Flights to Cities in Vietnam
Lowest Price
Cathay, Malaysia, EVA Air, Asiana, China Southern, China Eastern, Vietnam, Singapore, Astana, Korean, Air China
Asiana, Singapore, Korean, Vietnam, EVA Air, Cathay, China Eastern, Malaysia, China Southern
Vietnam, China Southern, Asiana, Korean, Singapore, China Eastern, Air Macau


text:
Signing up could earn you gear and it helps to keep offensive content off of our site.
Never hear "Sorry, we're full" again: Ski-town diners can now book a table online.
Where do the experts vacation? Our ski-travel gurus fess up.
Don't call them travel agents, but ski-travel experts can help pave the way to your next vacation.
Beat the system: Fit everything you need into one piece of hand luggage.
If the hassle of winter travel has kept you from a ski vacation, Park City is the clear solution. With the Salt Lake City airport just down the road, the resort ranks No. 3 nationally for access.
Whether you're a beginner or an expert, a lesson with one of North America's best teachers will shape up your turns.
The Cayenne, Porsche's long-awaited SUV, blurs the line between sports car and truck, with predictably thrilling results.
Surviving and thriving, the grand hotels of New Hampshire glow with warmth on those long winter nights.
Some airline and tour operators to get you started.
For most of us, a big lure of the ski vacation is the pristine mountains. So we go to these beautiful places (because they're beautiful), and every time we flush a toilet or throw a paper cup into a trash can, we feel as if we're mucking up the very reaso


text:
Definition of blood film in English:
A specimen of blood on a glass slide, used for microscopic investigation of possible abnormalities or pathogens.
Example sentences
- Seven laboratories reported the presence of malarial parasites on a normal blood film.
- Each blood film had an initial 200 WBC differential performed.
- The highest was 18 percent, but the French patient did not have any in her preliminary blood film.
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Ag Committee Focuses on Farming's Fragile Economy
Ag Committee Focuses on Farming's Fragile Economy
Panel of economists predicts 4th consecutive year of record low commodity prices
(February 14, 2001)
House Committee on Agriculture Chairman Larry Combest (R-Texas) today opened a series of hearings to the recommendations of farm economists, agricultural experts, and producer organizations addressing the needs of the fragile farm economy. Wednesday, farm economists outlined the financial conditions in agriculture and the implications of certain federal farm policies. Thursday, producers' commodity and farm groups will begin a series of hearings with their specific policy recommendations in light of the economists' views.
"Not long ago, nearly all the top farm economists were predicting that the stage was set for another 'golden age of agriculture.' This was the atmosphere in which the 1996 Farm Bill was written," said Combest. "Unfortunately, within two years of the Farm Bill's passage, we saw our fortunes change. Today, we hear from top farm economists who, I understand, are going to predict the 4th consecutive year of record low commodity prices."
USDA Chief Economist Keith Collins projected that under current legislation and programs (without supplemental payments), net cash farm income in 2001 is projected to be at the lowest level since 1994 and about $4 billion below the average of the 1990s. Analysis of Dr. Daryll E. Ray, University of Tennessee's professor Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology suggests long-term or chronic issues that have shaped agriculture's response to the current farm bill and to previous farm bills. Meanwhile, examination by Professor Bruce Gardner of Agricultural and Resource Economics at the University of Maryland leads to a two-pronged strategy: one to assist financially-troubled farmers, the second to maintain the U.S. position as world leader in agriculture and food with an industry of independent commercial farms able to grow freely and flourish economically.
In early 1999, the Agriculture Committee took the first of many steps to address the production side of the farm safety net with enactment of the most sweeping improvements to the Federal Crop Insurance Program in its 63-year history. More recently, while expanding crop insurance to cover lost crop revenues, Committee Members addressed regional concerns on the price side of the farm safety net with 200 producers in 10 rural communities nationwide. Now, the focus continues with the specifics of commodity programs as seen through farmer groups, during one-on-one in public questioning from Members of the House Agriculture Committee.
"These hearings are important for two reasons," said Combest. "First, I believe that people who do not contribute to a process have no room to complain about the outcome. Second, I believe the best ideas are tested ideas. By fully vetting every idea with producers, I believe not only can we build consensus -- but I believe the consensus we build will be the right one."
The series begins on Thursday when the National Cotton Council proposes specific analysis of cotton commodity programs, budget costs, commodity loan rate specifics, as well as how their proposals might impact other aspects of agriculture, our current export programs and trade agreements. Accompanying National Cotton Council Chairman Robert McLendon of Leary, Georgia will be Senior Vice President Gaylon Booker and Economic Service Vice President Mark Lange. The 9:30 a.m. Eastern hearing will be carried as it begins on the web site of the House Agriculture Committee.


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nintendo ds games i own
the DS was easily the reason why fanboys defend nintendo even when their core consoles crash and burn since the N64.
the DS was easily the reason why fanboys defend nintendo even when their core consoles crash and burn since the N64.
best use of the Nintendo DS
brilliant, easy to get addicted to collect souls
game for your mom
pretty good, nice 2 player mechanic, nice ideas that retell the spirit of the whip. Worth a playthrough
THE BEST REVAMP OF THE SERIES. More action focused, but also DIFFICULT and worth devoted gameplay.
pretty decent but a disappointment
super cute mini game collection
pretty awesome, great production
actually super charming, not exactly well written compared to Dragon Quest 9. But it's really beautiful game in that dragon quest style mechanics. A bit too old school and easy to get lost without a FAQ
excellent controls, but a bit repeative. CHarming character and story.
excellent, the best action/light RPG game to have with a nice themes. The combat is what kingdom Hearts wishes it was.
not bad port, charming to have collected in a portable version. Super charming, excellent art direction
not as great as the original but also very charming. Best RPG battle mechanic by far
pretty decent but pretty too much scribble mess.
Worth importing, I'm terrible with this rhythm mechanic, but I still powered on through and was rewarded with an excellent story
super addictive puzzle game, slick design art direction
SUPER ADDICTIVE! Wonderful casual game
my first pokemon game, and it's pretty good, charming, still more of the same, but just MASSIVE considering so much to do.
pretty decent, nice puzzle game.
pretty good for it's release, and nice to show the casual gamers about games are just how they loved it.
not bad, but also not excellent like the original. It's a bit broken in it's ablity to just rotate a block endless on the spot even upwards up cliff sides. Pass this go for Planet Puzzle League instead
pretty good, but I'm getting tired of this series
pretty good, but looses it charm from the original master piece
Under rated, excellent use of the touch screen and also fast paced combat
finally an easy mode, to enjoy the story. It feels like a spiritual successor of Strider
under rated one of the best game of all time.


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Incredible! As a first time buyer, I did some research and noticed the best price here. On top of that, they responded to questions on a Sunday...Read More ->
You know there are magic stores and then there are great magic stores. Well MJM Magic is even better than a great magic store. I use to shop over at...Read More ->


text:
Event Name
- OR - Select an option belowWhether you want to be a writer, producer, director, editor, actor or independent filmmaker, we are confident we can help you get started. We offer comprehensive "hands-on, learn-by-doing" training programs that teach students of all ages how to learn to write, shoot, direct and edit their own films at an affordable tuition. Learn every aspect of making your own film from seasoned industry professionals.


text:
ViewsWatchers |
Olmsted Falls is a small southwestern suburb of Cleveland, Ohio in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, United States. The population was 9,024 at the 2010 census. The city's main business district is located at the corners of Bagley and Columbia Roads, and contains the Grand Pacific Junction, a historic and pedestrian friendly shopping district. [edit] Research Tips


text:
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Can't find what you're looking for? Shop all ink and toner cartridges by brand
New Customer ? Start Here.
New day. New Daily Deals. Get them before they are gone!
Item: 178310 Model: 4025
This set can be used to add shrimp, mushrooms and snow peas, and allows you to stir-fry in the non-stick wooden wok. It has loop and hook chopsticks that are handy for stirring and serving!
This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 1998-2014, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


text:
Horrible!Submitted by DanDanDan (not verified) on Sat, 10/20/2012 - 3:05pm.
I took the bypass on my way to my sister's wedding. No warning signs and I was stuck on the bypass for 2 hours. I will miss the wedding. The lady behind me had a child that had nowhere to use the bathroom and in tears. I used to like Wilmington...I will never spend another dime there! »
Reply |


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Cheap hotel next to train station and the main road. The rooms can be noisy, you may hear the trains - but there is only a few per day. The room was big and well equipped with good wifi and heating system - better than swiss 3 star standard. Buffet breakfast was nice too.
Switzerland >
Canton of Jura >
Bar / Lounge
Pets Allowed ( Dog / Pet Friendly )
Room Service
Swimming Pool
Ranked #1 of 1 Hotels in Saignelegier
Price Range (Based on Average Rates):
Number of rooms: 309
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Priceline and Odigeo so you can book your Hotel De La Gare & Du Parc reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
WILMINGTON -- Want to show your support for Breast Cancer Awareness Month in a creative and fashionable way?
For a $10 donation you can get a bright pink hair extension. The money goes to the National Breast Cancer Foundation.
The extension is not permanent and comes out in about three to six months.
So far Hypnotix Spalon has done the extensions for more than 30 people.
Hair stylist Tyler Zwan said, "It's something that is a little more permanent, but we can put them in a place where you can't see them if you work somewhere you need to hide them. It's kind of fun, something people can do that's a little different."
Men can even show their support with semi-permanent hair dye.
The promotion will be going on all month long.
Call your stylist to see if they are participating in the fundraiser.


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The Music Academy completes half-a-century. Read on to know more about its foundation and growth.
The Music Academy's auditorium turns 50 this year. One of the best-recognised landmarks of Chennai, the story of its construction is an interesting one, for it was one of the earliest modern auditoriums to be built.
The land on which the auditorium stands was acquired by the Academy in 1946. The institution moved into Sweet Home, the colonial bungalow that stood on the property, on August 28, 1947. In 1955, it was decided that the old bungalow be pulled down and a modern auditorium built in its place. Thanks to TT Krishnamachari, who was then in the Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru consented to lay the foundation stone, which was done on October 5. The event witnessed a fund-raising concert by M.S. Subbulakshmi, one among the many she would perform for making the Academy's auditorium a reality.
Work began on the new building in 1956. The new auditorium was planned in the modernist style that was liked by the Prime Minister. The architects were M/S GM Bhuta and Associates of Bombay in collaboration with P. Bose, chartered engineer from Calcutta who was a specialist in reinforced cement concrete. The contractors for the civil works were Shah Construction Company (Pvt.) Limited of Bombay. The Academy had its own resident engineer, V.B. Thambiah who later also became a committee member.
In addition, R. Iswaran, D.K. Pattammal's husband and a member of the Committee, practically lived on the campus, monitoring the work to the smallest detail possible. Work began with a mega show; for, as soon as the old bungalow was demolished, the premises was rented out to movie mogul S.S. Vasan to conduct the wedding of his son, an event that is still remembered by old timers of the city. This brought the Academy much-needed funds.
The total budget for construction was Rs. 18 lakhs. As work progressed, many ambitious plans were given up, largely owing to paucity of funds. One was a revolving stage to enable quick assembly and dismantling of sets even as a play progressed. Another was a ramp leading directly from the car park to the first floor. The third was a patio featuring sculptures and mosaics depicting the Indian arts.
In an era when fire-safety and other norms were strictly adhered to, the exacting standards to which the Academy was built, makes for interesting reading. Safety was given utmost importance. The doors in the balcony were made wide enough to ensure that the audience, of which the majority would be on the first floor, could stream out quickly and make it to the car park through a multitude of fire escapes. The ground floor had narrower doors, which were compensated for by a larger number of exits.
To keep the funds flowing, TTK used his influence and ensured that several industrialists from Coimbatore signed up as patron members. By 1961, the shell was complete and the grhapravesam was conducted. Money ran out, and thanks to TTK and R. Venkataswami Naidu of Coimbatore who was vice-president, a fund-raising series of dance performances was held in the Textile City. This was a success and work was largely complete by December 1962 when the Maharajah of Mysore, Jayachamaraja Wodeyar, inaugurated the Hall on December 20. A day before the inauguration, it was discovered that the stage curtains had been forgotten and Vasan was appealed to. The Gemini Studios' tailoring department produced the curtains in 24 hours!
Originally planned without mikes, the acoustics of the hall was found to be terrible. The first season, to be held in 1962, saw sackcloth covering the walls to minimise echo. Scientists from the National Physical Laboratory studied the problem and M/S Philips was roped to in to install a high quality stereophonic sound system, which was completed in 1964. Further comfort by way of air-conditioning was also ensured when in the same year, G.D. Birla, induced to contribute by TTK, donated Rs. 3 lakhs. The air-conditioning plant was for some reason positioned under the stage and made such a racket that by next year it was moved out, to the rear of the compound.
Servicing the loans became a problem, though the new auditorium was soon generating a steady income. A newspaper baron, known for his interest in real estate, began discussions with the Indian Bank to take over the property on the guarantee that he would repay the dues. TTK summoned a meeting of industrialists on January 1, 1968, for a brainstorming.
V.D. Swami suggested rather light-heartedly that the place could be run as a cinema theatre when it was not hosting music concerts. TTK was furious though the idea itself was quite practical as the Academy had all the facilities including a projection room. It was left to T.S. Narayanaswami and K.S. Narayanan to mollify him. A Board of Trustees headed by TSN was formed and within the year, it was able to garner enough donations to keep the lenders at bay. By 1970, though TSN had died, the Board had done its work and the Academy was debt-free. It was perhaps in gratitude for what he achieved that a portrait of TSN still hangs in the Committee Room of the Academy. A larger tribute was for TTK. When he passed away in 1974, what was till then referred to as New Hall was named the TT Krishnamachari Auditorium.
Keywords: Music Academy, TT Krishnamachari


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Mediterranean Pasta Salad
- Total Time:
- 31 min
- Prep:
- 20 min
- Cook:
- 11 min
- Yield:
- 4 to 6 servings
- Level:
- Easy
- Kosher salt
- 1 pound tricolor pasta, such as bow tie or fusilli
- 1/4 cup balsamic vinegar
- 2 to 3 teaspoons dijon mustard
- Freshly ground pepper
- 2/3 to 3/4 cup extra-virgin olive oil
- 1/3 cup diced sun-dried tomatoes
- 1/4 cup fresh basil, julienned
- 1/4 cup diced onion
- 2 large pickled pepperoncini peppers, diced
- 3 tablespoons halved black olives
- 2 teaspoons chopped fresh oregano
- 1 1/2 ounces feta cheese, crumbled
- 1 1/2 tablespoons grated romano cheese
Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Add the pasta and cook until al dente; drain, then rinse with cold water to cool.
Meanwhile, make the vinaigrette: Whisk the vinegar, mustard, 1 teaspoon salt, and pepper to taste in a small bowl. Gradually whisk in enough of the oil to make a smooth dressing; season with salt and pepper.
Combine the sun-dried tomatoes, basil, onion, pepperoncini, olives and oregano in a bowl. Add the cooked pasta, 1/2 teaspoon salt and 1 teaspoon pepper. Add the vinaigrette and both cheeses and toss. Chill until ready to serve.
Photograph by Kang Kim
Recipe courtesy Papouli's Greek Grill for Food Network Magazine
Salads, Sides & Grilled Veggie How-Tos
More Grilling Side Dish VideosEasy Tips for Grilling Veggies
(02:58)Pasta Salad Alternatives
(03:23)Blue Cheese Grilled Romaine
(04:00)Bobby's Grilled Potato Salad
(03:25)Italian Panzanella Salad
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(03:30)Ina's Fresh Corn Salad
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(02:09)More Recipes and Ideas
Mediterranean Salad with Grilled Chicken
Recipe courtesy of Sandra Lee
Mediterranean Summer Pasta with Salsa Cruda
Recipe courtesy of Melissa d'Arabian
Mediterranean Madness Salad
Recipe courtesy of Guy Fieri


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TNT Distribution Services breaks ground on new facility.
BOLINGBROOK, Ill.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Sept. 27, 1995--TNT Distribution Services, a logistics subsidiary of TNT Freightways, broke ground recently for a new state-of-the-art automated sortation facility being built on 18 acres in Bolingbrook, a suburb of Chicago.TNT Distribution Services specializes in assembly, consolidation and distribution operations for mass market retailers and manufacturers using multisourced components. The $9 million project, which will replace the company's former location in McCook, Illinois, was designed by Heitman Architects and is being constructed by The FCL/Stava Group.
According to Mike Schaal, President and CEO of TNT Distribution Services, the 100,000 square-foot facility will be equipped with an automated freight handling system able to serve 70 individual sort lanes simultaneously. Said Schaal, "Using advanced bar-code-scanning technology, our new facility will sort product for delivery in a fraction of the time required by manual methods, reducing trailer unloading time from four hours to 29 minutes with a high degree of accuracy." He continued, "Product from multiple sources can also be effectively merged into cost-effective single deliveries using this system."
Attending the ceremony was Bolingbrook Mayor, Roger C. Claar. According to the mayor, TNT Distribution Services will bring 100 employees with them and foresee 50 new jobs created within the next two years. He stated, "I am delighted that TNT Distribution Services has selected Bolingbrook as the new home for their facility."
TNT Freightways Corporation (NASDAQ:TNTF) operates a group of regional less-than-truckload general commodities motor carriers in the United States. These regional trucking subsidiaries provide overnight and second-day delivery service throughout the United States and into Canada. The Company's logistics subsidiaries, TNT Contract Logistics and TNT Distribution Services, provide complete solutions to customers' logistics and distribution requirements. The Company's truckload subsidiary, Comet Transport, provides premium, long-haul, sleeper-team service between major markets in the United States.
CONTACT: TNT Freightways
Ken Ball, 708/696-0200
Reader Opinion
Printer friendly Cite/link Email Feedback | |
Publication: | Business Wire |
Date: | Sep 27, 1995 |
Words: | 307 |
Previous Article: | Congress gives consumers the cold shoulder; Appropriations committee "freezes" fresh poultry legislation. |
Next Article: | Celadon Group Inc. comments on expected fourth quarter results. |
Topics: |


text:
It's only noon in the dimmed café.
How long until off hours, you didn't know.
The faint sound of the doorbell rang as your head shot up.
"Welcome," Your eyes followed trace until he reached his seat and sat on the bar. "What would you like, Sir?"
" His silence was the thing that was scary. His glance and his aura were almost as frightening. "Beer would be fine."
His voice projected deep, but quiet at the same time. Your heart skipped a beat.
It has been a long time since you felt that way toward men honestly.
You had just fell out of a long relationship that you thought would last, but it was unfortunately all a lie in the end. You only nodded before pulling a bottle of beer out of the fridge and on the bar table, earning his tips.
Time fell short.
Time fell quick.
And time reached twelve o' clock.
He's been sitting here since two in the afternoon. Doesn't he need to go home to his wife if the man even has one? Your foot took you to the man whom was still sitting on the tall table.
"Sir, you've been sitting here for eight hours now
Don't you have a home to return to, if I may ask?"
"I don't. Stay out of my business." His harsh tone only replied before glancing at you with his green, light blue eyes through his glasses.
"I-I'm sorry, I didn't mean it. I was just a bit concerned," you wondered if you should continue. "I'm (Name)
"I don't care who you are, really."
"O-Oh. W-Well. T-That's fine. I'm sorry." You only went back to work silently as you felt his eyes follow you all the way through the rest of the night shift.
It was finally time to shut.
Finally time to go home.
To sleep.
And to work again the next day.
Your eyes fell onto his green and his thin rimmed glasses.
You felt his hand tickle behind your hair and grab you into a kiss, pushing you onto a red car hood.
You couldn't deny he was a little forceful, but it was worth putting up a battle for dominance for. You only hummed against his mouth before he shoved you onto the hood a little more. You pushed him away as you manage to speak. "Should we find a more private place?" The blond only nodded in the slightest sense and pulled you with him.
That would be a good question
Apparently he had pulled you to a nearby hotel to finish what he had started.
He pushed you onto the bed. He began nipping at your neck, which you moaned at. He pushed your skirt down as he began to fiddle with your panties. The blond only pushed himself on you as he once again connected his mouth with yours, tongue forcing itself in your territory. He stood up to strip his pants and tossed them aside. You traced your fingers to his gentle eyes as you removed his glasses, with him removing your shirt and bra, leaving you in your panties.
It was still shocking that he's not speaking a word in this.
Oh no.
You'll make him talk.
You watch him remove his boxer and your panties as he quickly positioned himself at your entrance without another word. You only looked into you (e/c) eyes before entering roughly.
You muffled a loud scream as he entered the first moment. The blond didn't pace a bit; he kept thrusting as if nothing was happening.
Moments of pain washed over as pleasure replaced itself.
You threw your arms around his neck as you moved in your own accordance. It felt too good.
You only placed your lips on his, declaring another war of dominance.
The blond wasn't going to go down that easily.
He only quickens the pace as he continued thrusting. Your hand fisted in his blond hair as you let out continuous moans of pleasure and approval. It was as if he could read your mind, he quickens his speed to the point where you couldn't take it anymore.
"A-About to-" You didn't finish your sentence as you felt the substance drip from your womanhood to your thigh as he pulled out slowly. You dropped onto the bed, sweating and worn out. You felt the bed shift as a few strands hit your forehead.
"I'm Berwald by the way."


text:
Photorefractive crystal-based holographic interferometry system for full-field wave propagation metrology
Optics Express, Vol. 15, Issue 9, pp. 5460-5472 (2007)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (2185 KB)
Although, photorefractive materials have been discovered for many years, research using pulsed laser as the light source and photorefractive material as the recording media to record a pulsed laser hologram have been scarce despite its vast application potential. A newly proposed optical configuration which adopts a Nd:YAG pulsed laser of 532nm wavelength as the light source and uses an iron-doped lithium niobate crystal as the recording media for holographic recording of an undeformed specimen is presented. Real-time holographic interferometry was achieved by inducing repetitive impacts on the specimen through a precise piezoelectric impact hammer. With timing control better than microseconds, several interferograms created at each instance were obtained with each corresponding 9ns laser pulse. A five-step phase-shifting technology, median filter algorithm, and weighted iterative DFT phase unwrap algorithm were integrated to reconstruct the deformation information at each instance. Using a series of measured deformation data, surface wave propagation phenomenon on the specimen could be observed. Some of the potential applications for this newly developed pulsed laser holographic interferometry system are detailed.
© 2007 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(090.2880) Holography : Holographic interferometry
(120.2880) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Holographic interferometry
(120.4290) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Nondestructive testing
(120.7280) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Vibration analysis
(160.5320) Materials : Photorefractive materials
ToC Category:
Original Manuscript: February 7, 2007
Revised Manuscript: April 16, 2007
Manuscript Accepted: April 18, 2007
Published: April 20, 2007
Justin D. Liou, Chih-Kung Lee, and Kuang-Chong Wu, "Photorefractive crystal-based holographic interferometry system for full-field wave propagation metrology," Opt. Express 15, 5460-5472 (2007)
Sort: Year | Journal | Reset
- R. Aprahamian, "Applications of optical holography to applied mechanics," in Proceedings of the Engineering Applications of Holography Symposium, (Feb. 16-17th, 1972), pp. 19-36.
- A. J. Decker, "Holographic interferometry with an injection seeded Nd:YAG laser and two reference beams," Appl. Opt. 29, 2696-2700 (1990). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- L. Crawforth, C.-K. Lee, and A. C. Munce, "Application of pulsed laser holographic interferometry to the study of magnetic disk drive component motions," in Proceedings 1990 International Conference on Hologram Interferometry and Speckle Metrology, (Nov. 1990), pp. 404-412.
- Y. Chen, "An ESPI-based Full-field Elastic Wave Propagation Metrology System," Degree Thesis, (National Taiwan University, 2000).
- U. F. Huang, J. Liou, S. S. Lee, C. K. Lee, and K. C. Wu, "A Full-Field Wave Propagation Pulsed laser Holographic Measurement Technique," in The First Taiwan-Japan Workshop on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, (Tainan, Taiwan, December 19, 2001), pp. 239-248.
- A. Ashkin, G. D. Boyd, J. M. Dziedzic, R. G. Smith, A. A. Ballman, J. J. Levinstein, and K. Nassau, "Optically induced refractive index inhomogeneities in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3," Appl. Phys. Lett. 9, 72-74 (1966). [CrossRef]
- N. V. Kukhatarev, V. B. Markov, S. G. Odulov, M. S. Soskin, and V. L. Vinetskii, "Holographic storage in electrooptic crystals. I: steady state," Ferroelectrics 23, 949-960 (1979).
- N. V. Kukhatarev, V. B. Markov, S. G. Odulov, M. S. Soskin, and V. L. Vinetskii, "Holographic storage in electro-optic crystals II: beam coupling and light amplification," Ferroelectrics 23, 961-964 (1979).
- F. S. Chen, J. T. LaMacchia, and D. B. Fraser, "Holographic storage in lithium niobate," Appl. Phys. Lett. 13, 223-225 (1968). [CrossRef]
- T. K. Gaylord, T. A. Rabson, F. K. Tittel, and C. R. Quick, "Pulsed writing of solid state holograms," Appl. Opt. 12, 414-415 (1973). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- P. Shah, T. A. Rabson, F. K. Tittle, and T. K. Gaylord, "Volume holographic recording and storage in Fe-doped LiNbO3 using optical pulses," Appl. Phys. Lett. 24, 130-131 (1974). [CrossRef]
- C.-T. Chen, D. M. Kim, and D. von der Linde, "Efficient hologram recording in LiNbO3: Fe using optical pulses," Appl. Phys. Lett. 34, 321-324 (1979). [CrossRef]
- D. von der Linde, A. M. Glass, and K. F. Rodgers, "Multiphoton photorefractive processes for optical storage in LiNbO3," Appl. Phys. Lett. 25, 155-157 (1974). [CrossRef]
- R. Magnusson, A. Hafiz, J. S. Bagby, and A. Haji-Sheikh, "Holographic interferometry using self-developing optical crystals for heat flux evaluation," J. Electron. Packaging. 122, 225-259 (1990).
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- L. Labrunie, G. Pauliat, G. Roosen, and J. C. Launay, "Simultaneous acquisition of π/2 phase-stepped interferograms with a photorefractive Bi12GeO20 crystal: application to real-time double-pulse holography," Opt. Lett. 20, 1652-1654 (1995). [CrossRef]
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text: Steven's DragonSteven's DragonThis story if for fat admirers. If you don't like fat, please do not read.Steven was sitting at his desk, surfing the internet. Thank God for whatever force had created it. Without his computer, he would have nothing to do all day! No real friends to speak of, school was always boring, and a bit of a chore. All he could really did, was surf, and play video games.Though, he was after something interesting online. Dragons. Steven loved everything about dragons. Their scales, wings, power, everything. Though, there was one other thing he loved. Fat. There was nothing more beautiful to him, than a fat dragon. The several pictures and stories he had found about huge dragons, he had loved, and viewed frequently. just the thought of one, gave him a warm feeling inside. Not necessarily sexual, but always admiration.AS he shut down his computer for the night, he had one last great thought. "I wish I had a sexy fat dragoness here with me. It would be perfect! I'd make sure she


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Press Secretary Jay Carney paid tribute to ABC News' Barbara Walters at the White House today, joking that he doesn't believe she's actually going to retire at the end of this week.
"I expect we'll be getting an interview request within weeks," he quipped at the top of the daily briefing.
PHOTOS: Barbara Walters' Memorable Interviews Through the Years
"She has interviewed every president and first lady since Richard Nixon, been on television for more than five decades, and claims she's retiring on Friday. I don't believe it," he said.
"But given that at least officially Barbara Walters is retiring, and she's an institution, I'd like to offer her the congratulations of everyone here at the White House, including President Obama and the first lady," Carney said.
VIDEO: Disney CEO Bob Iger Commemorates Barbara Walters' Career


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soils are crucial to sustaining many ecosystem services. Speaking directly to the links with health, in 1990 about 30 percent of the world population, or 1.5 billion people, were exposed to dengue vectors, one of the most important viral vectorborne diseases sensitive to global warming and climate change. By 2085 it is estimated, based on climate change and population projections, that 50 to 60 percent of the world population, or 5 to 6 billion people, will be at risk for dengue transmission (Hales et al., 2002).
Distribution of the Health Impacts Related to Climate Change
Because the webinar focuses on inequality, Oswald Spring stated, we should examine how health impacts related to climate change are distributed throughout the world. Figure 4-1 provides a visual representation of countries (a) scaled by their total CO2 emissions from 1950 to 2000 in the top graphic and (b) scaled by estimates of per capita mortality from climate change in 2000 in the bottom graphic (Patz et al., 2007; WHO, 2008). One can see that Africa, which has almost no CO2 emissions, is the continent most affected by the health burden of climate change, followed by India. In effect, climate change is threatening to widen the health inequalities the already exist between rich and poor populations, exposing those in regions with the greatest disease burden to additional and disproportionate health risks (WHO, 2008). In order to reduce the burden of disease from climate change within these vulnerable populations, Oswald Spring said, regions need both mitigation and adaptation processes.
During natural disasters, Oswald Spring noted, large populations can be vulnerable to droughts, floods, extreme temperatures, windstorms, wildfires, earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and wave surges. From 1974 to 2003, disasters caused an estimated 2 million deaths and affected more than 5 billion people worldwide. Drought was the largest contributor, accounting for 44 percent of the deaths and 36 percent of other impacts (injuries, homelessness, etc.) (Guha-Sapir et al., 2004). Oswald Spring stated that about 1 billion people are now living in arid or semi-arid regions worldwide, which makes them vulnerable to climate change and highly exposed to drought that can threaten their lives.
Role of Gender in Health Impacts Related to Natural Disasters
Oswald Spring pointed out that gender also affects vulnerability to the impact of natural disasters. Gender is not only understood as masculinity and femininity, but also includes an understanding of the roles, norms, values, behavior, social representation, responsibilities, necessities, and expectations in society, as well as sexuality and sexual behavior. Gender factors can create a division of labor, power, and responsibilities and impact


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For black history month, I present to you a very young man who had a dream—and to achieve it, he murdered and marauded. Half-black and half-Indian Rufus Buck and his gang of 4 black and Native American teens killed both black and white men, and terrified blacks, whites and Indians alike in the Indian Territory during the summer of 1895.
What? How dare I? Not the "first black this," or the "first black that?" Not some civil rights-era saint, all-forgiving and all-forgetting? Not an entertainer whose struggles and pain are miraculously disappeared?
No. None of the above. He was a young man who, near the turn of the century, formed a multi-racial teenaged gang in Indian Territories to wrest the land back from encroaching whites. His dream was impossible; and he used the same violence to achieve it that he saw all around him. The Rufus Buck gang were childish and vicious, innocent in their naivete and brutal in their outlook. Their 13-day reign of terror is historically fascinating in that it marked the end of the Indian Territory, soon swallowed whole by the land-hungry United States. Their execution marked the end of the judicial tyranny of Judge Isaac Parker, the "hanging judge" of legend. They marked the end of the era of the great western outlaws, like Cherokee Bill, half-black and half-Indian himself. They also shed a rare light on the multi-racial old west of the Indian Territories. No… the Rufus Buck gang were neither saints, nor victims. But they are part of our history—the part we foolishly agree to ignore because it does not fit the normative view of who we ought to be.
I use the opportunity of 'black history month' while remaining generally repelled by its execution. Watching a multi-national corporation hoist a commercial about some "good Negro" to feed the mainstream public's vision of us as saints or willing victims—the two states that absolves America of her sins… it nauseates. It's been said that American slavery bred modern racism, not vice versa. A very young country whose people consider themselves anointed by God can't afford to remember the vicious crimes they've committed in brutalizing a people, so they revile those who remind them. In modern America, our black faces have been reminders of America's crimes—crimes in which she shamelessly reveled for the majority of her history, crimes she must forget in order to perpetuate the myth of her perfection in the eyes of an adoring God.
So black history month becomes a paean to revisionist forgetfulness. It's just a concentrated mirror of our skewed historical presence throughout all 12 months of the year. For we have allowed ourselves to be historically gutted. Our historical passions and fury have been neutered for mass consumption. Historically, we are only pieces of men. Accordingly, slavery, Jim Crow and American apartheid left no bitter taste, for we are all-forgiving, White-Jesus-loving saints subject to no natural human reaction akin to anger. Rosa Parks felt no rage, but was in fact thinking only of bettering white people when she refused to leave her seat on that bus. Martin Luther King channeled no fury, but only sought to cleanse white America as any good servant seeks to serve his masters. Ossie Davis, like Harry Belafonte and many other entertainers, is hailed as 'prominent in the civil rights movement.' But you'd never hear that he said of Malcom X, "[he] knew that for a black leader to be effective, you had to frighten the white man." Let's not even mention MLK; we have allowed the majority to sanitize him into a parody of himself.
Black history for white Americans is destined to be a lie. It has to be, for too many Americans will accept nothing less. Their national self-image demands that our black history disappear because the truth of it puts the lie to the fantasy of white American cleanliness and perfection. That's why black history month grates on me so. It's American kabuki: mainstream media and organizations pretending to honor a history many find repugnant due to the pockmarked reflection it flashes back at them.
So I offer a piece of real history for black history month—warts and all. A young, half-black, half-Indian renegade determined to do the impossible and willing to be as vicious as any white man to reach his goal. His story is prototypically American. It's a story of violence and innocence, butchery and grace. His is part of the history that dare not rear its head, for it treads perilously close to the truths that, during black history month as in all others, we tirelessly ignore.
What they live by is a HUGE LIE, that of "consensus" his-tory. The "consensus" of what, exactly? Well, the first killers of Mexicans and then North and South Civil War generals were all actually colleagues from West Point and once the TRAITOROUS SEDITIOUS RACIST WAR was over, a convenient history which all could sit in a room together and discuss over cigars and whiskey had to be agreed on. So we are given the birth of States Rights and a bunch of tariff BS ... an insult to anyone with even a room temperature IQ.
Further, once the War was over the Southern haters began, way before the Klan, the White League and so forth to kill and re-enslave Blacks who had had freedom for all of 5 minutes. These TERRORIST GROUPS
What they did was take a group (Slaves) who most people would describe as "Loyal and hard-working" and turn them into MANDINGO- the danger to whites and raper of white women everywhere ... Truth Told, but, too much for most AMERICAN WHITE COWARDS to digest ... too bad and soooooo sad as "minorities" win the next election due exactly to this hate which all US white groups still have other than the Hawaiian Haole who have admitted their sins and re-joined the fold.
Like the president, Hawaiian white should be held up as the ULTIMATE EXAMPLE of how to behave with class and dignity during sensitive times ... unlike the RACIST HATING GOP CHINA SHOP BULLS ... what a bunch of haters!


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One Put, One Call Option To Know About for Yamana Gold
Consistently, one of the more popular stocks people enter into their stock options watchlist at Stock Options Channel is Yamana Gold, Inc. (NYSE: AUY). So this week we highlight one interesting put contract, and one interesting call contract, from the April expiration for AUY.
The put contract our YieldBoost algorithm identified as read »
StockOptionsChannel.com, Contributor


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text: We're sorry, Half Moon Silver Necklace is no longer available Why not try one of these instead? Design Your Own Star Necklace by J&S Jewellery £19.50$40.27€27.19$31.40 can be personalised Triple Letter Disc Necklace by J&S Jewellery £17$35.11€23.70$27.37 can be personalised Metal Feather Necklace by My Posh Shop £24$49.57€33.47$38.64 Caitlan Personalised Leaf Pendant Necklace by Bloom Boutique £19$39.24€26.49$30.59 can be personalised Half Moon Silver Necklace by Kiki's £20$41.31€27.89$32.20 This item is no longer available £6.95$14.35€9.69$11.19 delivery to United States - Receive this item 5-10 working days from ordering International delivery available we're sorry we're sorry, This item is no longer available buy a gift voucher related categories jewellery > women's jewellery > necklaces & pendants by Kiki's Location: Dorset, GB read seller's profile see seller's complete range more items from this seller Guardian Heart Pillow Pack £15$30.98€20.91$24.15 Metis Wooden Watch £115$237.53€160.37$185.18 Sterling Silver Thank You Pin Brooch £15$30.98€20.91$24.15 Wooden Alpha Watch £149$307.75€207.79$239.93 Chiming Heart Silver Necklace £39$80.55€54.38$62.80 Wooden Odyssey Watch £135$278.84€188.27$217.39 view all you may also like PRODUCT DETAILS DELIVERY RETURNS gift wrapping available ask seller a question A lovely matt silver half moon necklace This simply stunning statement half moon necklace is in matt silver finish. Designed in a grecian style it elegantly sits on a chunky snake chain and is adjustable in length. Such a plain classic piece of jewellery, a wonderful statement piece, looks great on the simplest T shirt, or alternatively on that fab party dress, or indeed, just straight on your decolletage!!!!! made from: Nickel free base metal. dimensions: NECKLACE LENGTH 46cm EXTENDABLE BY 6cm ADJUSTABLE LENGTH product code: 247945 This product is dispatched to you by Kiki's. MAINLAND UK order now and receive this item on or before price Free Delivery Monday 9 March FREEFREEFREEFREE Express Next Day Monday 9 March £4.95$10.22€6.90$7.97 Saturday Delivery Saturday 14 March £12.95$26.74€18.06$20.85 Standard Courier Delivery Monday 9 March £3.95$8.15€5.50$6.36 NON-MAINLAND UK estimated delivery price Highlands & Islands of Scotland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £1.75$3.61€2.44$2.81 Northern Ireland 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £1.75$3.61€2.44$2.81 Other UK Islands 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £3.95$8.15€5.50$6.36 INTERNATIONAL DELIVERY estimated delivery price Western Europe 2-5 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$10.32€6.97$8.05 Rest of Europe 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £5.00$10.32€6.97$8.05 USA & Canada 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £6.95$14.35€9.69$11.19 Far East & Australasia 5-10 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$14.97€10.11$11.67 Rest of the world 5-14 working daysfrom dispatch £7.25$14.97€10.11$11.67 You have 28 days, from receipt of cancellable goods, to notify the seller if you wish to cancel your order or exchange an item. Please note: goods that are personalised, bespoke or made-to-order to your specific requirements, perishable products and personal items sold with a hygiene seal (cosmetics, underwear) in instances where the seal is broken are non-refundable, unless faulty. Read more about our returns policy.Should you choose to return or exchange your order you will need to deliver the item(s) to the UK, where this seller is based. Kiki's's return policy


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I love the way these colours look in the palette. But they do not show up on my skin! I have light to light-medium skin and they still look very sheer on me. I would pass on these if I were you. They are also on clearance now everywhere I look so I guess they are being discontinued. Still not worth it at the reduced price though.
1 out of 1 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I really like these shadows. They are cooler taupey-browns, which work well with my skintone. I've been wearing them the last few days and I've received compliments. I usually don't wear these types of shades, but they looked pretty in the packaging, and the colors are true to the palette. Also, the formula was impressive; they are pigmented, went on smoothly, and I wore them all day with no fading.
3 out of 3 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I haven't purchased drugstore eyeshadows in a very long time. CVS had 40% off their Maybelline products and I was just looking to see if anything interested me. This was the only e/s that popped out at me. I am a total neutral girl and rarely wear any color that's not neutral anymore. So of course this quad intrigued me. I really liked the colors. The e/s itself is a bit powdery and it takes a few applications on my tanned skin to get it to the color I want. I really love the brow bone shade and have been using it this past week as my highlighter and lid shade. Great value for me with the 40% off. I'm going to put this in my makeup gym bag to use.
This is a really nice neutral quad. The highlight shade is too frosty for me, but the other three are lovely and fairly matte.
The dark taupe is great as a liner too.
2 out of 2 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I like the eyeshadows in this quad. I think it's really nice. It's not the greatest quad ever, and these colors are very similar to MAC shadows that I already own except, I'd rather get the MAC shadows because I'm more of a brand snob that way. But for people who appreciate drugstore makeup, then this is a good quad for neutral wearers like me.
This was my first Maybelline eyeshadow quad. Honestly, not impressed. The color payoff is not strong in fact, the colors kind of all look the same after you blend it into your skin. Perhaps using a primer could bring out the colors but I have not tried that combin yet. Overall, I'll not be repurchasing.
My first Maybelline quad - I totally loved the almost completely neutral colours in this one (they lean slightly cool). I know I already have nearly the same shades over and over again (Prestige Perfection/MAC Shale or Next to Nothing etc. etc.), but I am powerless to resist a shadow the exact shade of a winter dusk. Or dawn.
It's true that the pigmentation isn't strong, but with a Paint Pot or primer it's fine. This is a perfect little quad for quiet, subtle looks and curently $4 at Shoppers.
Sometimes it's the little things!
5 out of 5 people found this review helpful. Did you? Yes No
I love the Maybelline Quads in general. I pick these up when ever I am at Target or at a Drug Store. The pricing varies from store to store. At CVS they are 5.99, but I got mine at Target for 4.94, such a great deal! The pricing is perfect. As for the quality, I got home and tried this right away. I was looking for a subtle daytime look, something not too fancy. It gave me a nice daytime natural smokey eye. I love this Quad! Would def repurchase!
A quad with light neutral taupe colors suitable for the daytime & office environment. I appreciate that the shimmers are very subdued in all the colors that it looks basically matte on the lid. the e/s apply & blend very very smoothly. the con is the lack of pigmentation of the e/s. because of that, the dark shades look very similar on the skin. so it's difficult to create a more contoured look with just this palette.
I do like this...but I need to learn how to apply it...so I'll need to experiment. However, these e/s stay on SO long. Like all day. The color is beautiful and I could see it being good for a smokey eye look, but again, I need to practice that. I still haven't used the very light shadow...so I should probably have waited to write my review. :-\


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'Get Outta Our Town (Caucus Lament)'
| Wed Dec. 26, 2007 3:37 PM EST
No matter how sick you get of the presidential elections, always remember—the good folks in Iowa have it worse.
"Get out of our town, get off of my phone / Don't wanna to be pushed, don't wanna to be polled." Bravo, sir. (H/T PrezVid)
MoJo Troll Patrol encourages readers to sign in with Facebook, Twitter, Google, Yahoo, Disqus, or OpenID to comment. Please read our comment policy before posting.


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What is it?
Boron is a mineral that is found in food and the environment. People take boron supplements as medicine.
Boron is used for building strong bones, treating osteoarthritis, as an aid for building muscles and increasing testosterone levels, and for improving thinking skills and muscle coordination.
Women sometimes use capsules containing boric acid, the most common form of boron, inside the vagina to treat yeast infections.
People also apply boric acid to the skin as an astringent or to prevent infection; or use it as an eye wash.
Boron was used as a food preservative between 1870 and 1920, and during World Wars I and II.
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Boron deficiency
. Taking boron by mouth prevents boron deficiency.
Possibly effective for...
Vaginal infections
. Some research shows that boric acid, used inside the vagina, can successfully treat yeast infections (candidiasis), including infections that do not seem to resolve with other treatments. However, the quality of this research is in question.
Possibly ineffective for...
Athletic performance
. Taking boron by mouth does not seem to improve body mass, muscle mass, or testosterone levels in male bodybuilders.
Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for...
Improving thinking and coordination in older people
. There is some early evidence that taking boron by mouth might improve cognitive function and the ability to coordinate small muscle movements (fine motor skills) in older people.
. Developing research suggests that boron might be useful for decreasing symptoms of osteoarthritis.
. Early research suggests that taking boron by mouth daily does not improve bone mass density in postmenopausal women.
Increasing testosterone
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Boron seems to affect the way the body handles other minerals such as magnesium and phosphorus. It also seems to increase estrogen levels in older (post-menopausal) women and healthy men. Estrogen is thought to be helpful in maintaining healthy bones and mental function. Boric acid, a common form of boron, can kill yeast that cause vaginal infections.
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for adults and children when used in doses less than the Upper Tolerable Limit (UL) (see dosage section below). There is some concern that doses over 20 mg per day, the UL for adults, might harm a man's ability to father a child.
Boric acid, a common form of boron, is
when used vaginally for up to six months. It can cause a sensation of vaginal burning.
Boron is
for adults and children when taken by mouth in high doses. Large quantities of boron can cause poisoning. Signs of poisoning include skin inflammation and peeling, irritability, tremors, convulsions, weakness, headaches, depression, diarrhea, vomiting, and other symptoms.
Also, boric acid powder, a common form of boron, is
when applied in large amounts to prevent diaper rash.
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Pregnancy and breast-feeding
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for pregnant and breast-feeding women age 19-50 when used in doses less that 20 mg per day. Pregnant and breast-feeding women age 14 to 18 should not take more than 17 mg per day. Taking boron by mouth in high doses is
while pregnant and breast feeding. Higher amounts may be harmful and should not be used by pregnant women because it has been linked to birth defects. Intravaginal boric acid has been associated with a 2.7- to 2.8-fold increased risk of birth defects when used during the first 4 months of pregnancy.
Hormone-sensitive condition such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids
: Boron might act like estrogen. If you have any condition that might be made worse by exposure to estrogen, avoid supplemental boron or high amounts of boron from foods.
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: Do not take boron supplements if you have kidney problems. The kidneys have to work hard to flush out boron.
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Be cautious with this combination.
Boron might increase estrogen levels in the body. Taking boron along with estrogens might cause too much estrogen in the body.
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Boron supplements can lower the amount of magnesium that is flushed out in the urine. This can lead to blood levels of magnesium that are higher than usual. Among older women, this seems to happen more often in women who do not get much magnesium in their diet. Among younger women, the effect appears to be greater in women who exercise less. No one knows how important this finding is to health, or whether it happens in men.
Supplemental boron might reduce blood phosphorus levels in some people.
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There are no known interactions with foods.
What dose is used?
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The following doses have been studied in scientific research:
There is no Recommended Daily Allowance (RDA) for boron since an essential biological role for it has not been identified. People consume varying amounts of boron depending on their diet. Diets considered to be high in boron provide approximately 3.25 mg of boron per 2000 kcal per day. Diets considered to be low in boron provide 0.25 mg of boron per 2000 kcal per day.
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL), the maximum dose at which no harmful effects would be expected, is 20 mg per day for adults and pregnant or breast-feeding women over 19 years of age. For adolescents 14 to 18 years of age and pregnant or breast-feeding women 14 to 18 years of age, the UL is 17 mg per day. For children 9 to 13 years old, the UL is 11 mg per day; children 4 to 8 years old, 6 mg per day; and children 1 to 3 years old, 3 mg per day. A UL has not been established for infants.
For vaginal infections: 600 mg of boric acid powder once or twice a day.
For prevention of recurring Candida (yeast) infections: 600 mg twice weekly.
Other names
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Acide Borique, Anhydride Borique, Atomic number 5, B (chemical symbol), B (symbole chimique), Borate, Borate de Sodium, Borates, Bore, Boric Acid, Boric Anhydride, Boric Tartrate, Boro, Numéro Atomique 5, Sodium Borate.
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To learn more about how this article was written, please see the
Natural Medicines Comprehensive Database
methodology (http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/methodology.html).
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To see all references for the Boron page, please go to http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/894.html.
Goldbloom RB and Goldbloom A. Boron acid poisoning: report of four cases and a review of 109 cases from the world literature. J Pediatrics 1953;43:631-643.
Valdes-Dapena MA and Arey JB. Boric acid poisoning. J Pediatr 1962;61:531-546.
Biquet I, Collette J, Dauphin JF, and et al. Prevention of postmenopausal bone loss by administration of boron. Osteoporos Int 1996;6 Suppl 1:249.
Travers RL and Rennie GC. Clinical trial: boron and arthritis. The results of a double blind pilot study. Townsend Lett Doctors 1990;360-362.
Travers RL, Rennie GC, and Newnham RE. Boron and arthritis: the results of a double-blind pilot study. J Nutritional Med 1990;1:127-132.
Ishii, Y., Fujizuka, N., Takahashi, T., Shimizu, K., Tuchida, A., Yano, S., Naruse, T., and Chishiro, T. A fatal case of acute boric acid poisoning. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1993;31:345-352.
View abstract
Van Slyke, K. K., Michel, V. P., and Rein, M. F. The boric acid powder treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. J Am Coll.Health Assoc 1981;30:107-109.
View abstract
Linden, C. H., Hall, A. H., Kulig, K. W., and Rumack, B. H. Acute ingestions of boric acid. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1986;24:269-279.
View abstract
Heindel JJ, Price CJ, Field EA, et al. Developmental toxicity of boric acid in mice and rats. Fundam Appl Toxicol 1992;18:266-77.
View abstract
Acs N, Banhidy F, Puho E, Czeizel AE. Teratogenic effects of vaginal boric acid treatment during pregnancy. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2006;93:55-6.
View abstract
Di Renzo F, Cappelletti G, Broccia ML, et al. Boric acid inhibits embryonic histone deacetylases: a suggested mechanism to explain boric acid-related teratogenicity. Appl Pharmacol 2007;220:178-85.
View abstract
Bleys J, Navas-Acien A, Guallar E. Serum selenium and diabetes in U.S. adults. Diabetes Care 2007;30:829-34.
View abstract
Sobel JD, Chaim W. Treatment of Torulopsis glabrata vaginitis: retrospective review of boric acid therapy. Clin Infect Dis 1997;24:649-52.
View abstract
Makela P, Leaman D, Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal trichosporonosis. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2003;11:131-3.
View abstract
Rein MF. Current therapy of vulvovaginitis. Sex Transm Dis 1981;8:316-20.
View abstract
Jovanovic R, Congema E, Nguyen HT. Antifungal agents vs. boric acid for treating chronic mycotic vulvovaginitis. J Reprod Med 1991;36:593-7.
View abstract
Ringdahl EN. Treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am Fam Physician 2000;61:3306-12, 3317.
View abstract
Guaschino S, De Seta F, Sartore A, et al. Efficacy of maintenance therapy with topical boric acid in comparison with oral itraconazole in the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2001;184:598-602.
View abstract
Singh S, Sobel JD, Bhargava P, et al. Vaginitis due to Candida krusei: epidemiology, clinical aspects, and therapy. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:1066-70.
View abstract
Van Kessel K, Assefi N, Marrazzo J, Eckert L. Common complementary and alternative therapies for yeast vaginitis and bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2003;58:351-8.
View abstract
Swate TE, Weed JC. Boric acid treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Obstet Gynecol 1974;43:893-5.
View abstract
Sobel JD, Chaim W, Nagappan V, Leaman D. Treatment of vaginitis caused by Candida glabrata: use of topical boric acid and flucytosine. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;189:1297-300.
View abstract
Van Slyke KK, Michel VP, Rein MF. Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with boric acid powder. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1981;141:145-8.
View abstract
Thai L, Hart LL. Boric acid vaginal suppositories. Ann Pharmacother 1993;27:1355-7.
View abstract
Nielsen FH, Hunt CD, Mullen LM, Hunt JR. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. FASEB J 1987;1:394-7.
View abstract
Nielsen FH. Biochemical and physiologic consequences of boron deprivation in humans. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102:59-63..
View abstract
Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 2002. Available at: www.nap.edu/books/0309072794/html/.
Shils M, Olson A, Shike M. Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea and Febiger, 1994.
Green NR, Ferrando AA. Plasma boron and the effects of boron supplementation in males. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102:73-7.
View abstract
Penland JG. Dietary boron, brain function, and cognitive performance. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102:65-72.
View abstract
Meacham SL, Taper LJ, Volpe SL. Effects of boron supplementation on bone mineral density and dietary, blood, and urinary calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and boron in female athletes. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102(Suppl 7):79-82.
View abstract
Newnham RE. Essentiality of boron for healthy bones and joints. Environ Health Perspect 1994;102:83-5.
View abstract
Meacham SL, Taper LJ, Volpe SL. Effect of boron supplementation on blood and urinary calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus, and urinary boron in athletic and sedentary women. Am J Clin Nutr 1995;61:341-5.
View abstract
Usuda K, Kono K, Iguchi K, et al. Hemodialysis effect on serum boron level in the patients with long term hemodialysis. Sci Total Environ 1996;191:283-90.
View abstract
Naghii MR, Samman S. The effect of boron supplementation on its urinary excretion and selected cardiovascular risk factors in healthy male subjects. Biol Trace Elem Res 1997;56:273-86.
View abstract
Ellenhorn MJ, et al. Ellenhorn's Medical Toxicology: Diagnoses and Treatment of Human Poisoning. 2nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 1997.
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Pets in a jar: collecting and caring for small wild animalsSuggestions for collecting and keeping as pets such small animals as snails, toads, worms, ants, butterflies, and starfish. |
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antennae ants aquarium body breathe brine shrimp Bullfrog butterflies butterfly or moth called catch caterpillar chirp clean cocoon container cover daphnia develop direct sunlight dropper earthworms easily eggs eggs hatch eyes female field cricket fish freshwater frogs front legs gallon jar grow head hermit crab hydras inch insects jar at home keep the jar larvae lay eggs leaf leaves live look magnifying lens male cricket mantes mantis mate moist molt moths mouth move newt operculum oxygen pet stores planarians plastic pond plants pond snail pupa queen regrow rubber band salt saltwater seawater sensitive to light shell side skin species sperm spot stage star starfish sure surface swim tadpoles tail tap water temperature tentacles tiny toad try feeding try keeping tube tunnels twig underside underwater usually water boatman water bugs water scorpion Water striders wild animal pet wing worms York


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There were other dishes to swoon over too. A beautiful tray of baby artichokes dipped in olive oil and fire grilled, served with whole sprigs of rosemary and grilled lemons ($12) effectively coated the mouth (and chin and fingers) with pleasure. You can choose one of three ways to have your calamari ($12) — either fra diàvolo, as we had it, in a peppery, shellfish-broth-scented tomato sauce, or with zucchini and Meyer lemon sauce, or with cannellini beans and grape tomatoes. We also had the arancini ($8), four medium-sized rice balls stuffed with shredded braised short ribs, fontina, and buffalo mozzarella — served on a thin layer of marinara, they were exceedingly soft and flavorful inside and had a nice, crunchy crust. A plate of Parmigiano Reggiano came with a saucer of green and black olives ($8). The generous chunks of cheese were certainly the real deal, but I've had this same plate served in other restaurants as a freebie — I'd spend my money next time on the baked clams or the meatballs, the grilled octopus, the Calabrese sausage, or the eggplant involtini.
The menu here is virtually identical to the one at Bova Boca, with the addition of steaks (hence the "prime"). They're serving not only dry-aged specimens like Delmonico and bone-in New York strip but Kobe beef brought in from Japan and billed at market price. I'm a little surprised the menus are so similar, since it doesn't give Joseph, who's a wonderful chef judging from his work at Cero, much to show off with. But nothing we ate was less than perfectly executed, and only one choice seemed less-than-inspired: the rigatoni Bolognese with veal ($24). Not that the pasta wasn't al dente or the tomato sauce and ground veal unbalanced — with handfuls of freshly grated Parmesan, it all came together nicely but didn't rise above the thousand plates of Bolognese we've all eaten in our lives. Not, at any rate, like the seared scallops ($38), milky white, buttery, and sweet, with the finest golden crust, served over a green-pea and asparagus risotto. I need to invent a new vocabulary to signify perfection: I'd use it to describe those fat grains of rice, each guarding its separateness but in harmony with the whole (if only human beings could learn this trick!), having fully absorbed the green flavors of pea and asparagus and the deep umami of the Parmesan.
401 E. Las Olas Blvd.
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33301
Category: Restaurant > Italian
Region: Fort Lauderdale
What a magnificent meal that was — and so was the flaky and rich fillet of snow-white snapper ($34) served over the same risotto. Nor did the luscious macaroni and cheese or the deeply flavored escarole and white bean side dishes disappoint (each $8) nor the charming cheesecake lollipops we had for dessert ($8) — one flavored with lemon, another coated with white chocolate and another with dark. I could eat this stuff every night. And if I were Scott Rothstein, I would.


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Updated: 03/11/2014 6:55 PM
Created: 03/11/2014 1:30 PM WHEC.com
They stepped up to help another student being bullied and that's why they are News10NBC's "Do The Right Thing" award winners.
Imani Hughes and Deonna Baker are being recognized for helping others. The fifth graders noticed a younger student being bulled and decided to jump in and help.
Imani Hughes and Deonna Baker, said, "If we were to be bullied, we wouldn't want to feel like run down like you just got beaten. So we decided to help the little girl out and give her tips on what to do when they start bullying her. We gathered all our friends and we started talking to them and talk to people that were being bullied and the bullies."
The girls started a support group for other students as well. Hughes and Baker attend School No. 25.
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- OR - Select an option belowWe live in a city that regularly sees temperatures above 90 degrees. Fortunately, Miami's climate is also ripe for growing awesome produce of all kinds. That means there is no reason to settle for a made-from-concentrate, prepackaged juice box when you can have the real thing. Futuro Supermarket is like a blast from the past with its antiquated cash register and small aisles. But way at the back of the store sits the perfect oasis. Mango, pineapple, orange, carrot — the list of fresh juices goes on and on. They're served in a 16-ounce Styrofoam cup ($2) or sold by the half-gallon ($6). Either way, they taste like you just bit into the fruit itself.


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Crown Crafts: A Sleepy Business With High Cash Flow
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George Mason Patriots (17-12)
@Delaware Blue Hens (7-22)
Wednesday, February 24
Bob Carpenter Center
Attendance: 2,174
George Mason
Newark, DE (Sports Network) - Andre Cornelius dropped in 16 points and the George Mason Patriots hung on for a 61-59 victory over the Delaware Blue Hens in Colonial Athletic Association play at the Bob Carpenter Center in Newark.
Cornelius made good on 4-of-7 shots from downtown, as George Mason (17-12, 12-5 CAA) snapped a three-game slide. Cam Long added 14 points and nine boards, while Sherrod Wright posted 10 points.
Jawan Carter poured in a game-high 25 points for Delaware (7-22, 3-14), which suffered its fifth straight loss. Edwin Santiago chipped in with 11 points, while Alphonso Dawson had 10 points and seven rebounds.
The Blue Hens shot 44.0 percent from the floor and went 13-of-16 at the foul line in the first half, taking a 38-32 lead to the locker room.
The Patriots rallied in the second half and used a 9-0 run to move ahead 49-45. George Mason then led 60-59, and Delaware missed five game-winning attempts down the stretch in the two-point decision.
George Mason nearly let the game slip away due to poor foul shooting, as it went just 17-of-32 at the line.
Brian Dorsey, Tim Kelly, Wally Rutecki


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Senior Member
If you have a problem with him, play a few games with him and see how easy it is to kite him, or see how mediocre he gets late game. He has counters, and teamplay will beat him. Olaf is almost impossible to kite and immune to cc for 6 seconds, and has ridiculous damage and is one of the best champions for 2v1 lane situations, even pro players have a lot of problems with Olaf, if he's getting dove 3 v 1 early, he's likely to take at least one with him, and his general build versatility, transition into late-game, and independence on damage items is insane. While with Darius, he only does a lot of damage up to mid-late game, where it'll fall off hard unless he builds for it, meaning he would be very squishy in that case, the cooldown on his pull is very long, and his ult has to be dead accurate by late-game for the reset. While he somewhat has the build versatility of Olaf to go dps, tank or bruiser and can transition either way, he's sadly not as useful in his inability to keep up with teamfight and dueling demands in many cases later on. Darius is fine the way he is right now, and he's had his share of nerfs and fixes already, He's just one of those noob/pubstomp champions with good utility and snowball potential, an he'd be even better if it weren't for the league of warmogs right now.
I'll agree Darius isn't overpowered and is pretty easy to counter, once he lands his grab which isn't hard, means death for most unless you stack health. Not much is more satisfying then shutting down a darius. And to the guy who says 80 seconds is a long ultimate cooldown?? Have you met garen... Darius doesn't need the refresh, even if he whifs it, by the time he respawns runs back and picks a fight 80 seconds will be up.
olaf should beat daruis in lane anyway. Olaf has ranged q with undertow also this slows. And true damage from the e and sustain with life steal from the w. Just don't fight him as soon as u hit 6. And by the time olaf stacks some health. (gets warmogs) u should be able to duel daruis. So olaf beats daruis between lvls 1-5. Daruis beats olaf say 6-9 then olaf beats daruis 10-18. Also daruis gets wrecked by ranged champs. Try kayle vs daruis. Then you will agree that daruis blows and never think hes op again,
Let's compare Darius to a balanced champion, for instance Olaf. saw that. stopped reading
Don Ring
Darius isn't THAT op. Especially to where he makes Olaf look bad. Olaf is way more played in ranked than Darius and for good reasons. You dodge Darius' pull with a champion that has a decent ranged poke, you can harass him to death pretty easily. The only thing I hate about Darius is that ultimate. Why Riot thought it was a good idea to make a refreshing true damage ult is beyond me. It wasn't a good idea. It doesn't matter if he's on my side or the enemies, he always makes me groan regardless purely because of his grab all kills ultimate. Anti fun if you ask me.
Junior Member
Darius is not OP I just beat him top lane as pantheon so many champs counter him.. Plus if he starts winning in trades just farm under turret and only go out when jungle comes up for kills... It almost turns him into a super minion since he has no escapes except flash. I say he is like a super minion because you kill him for gold and he never kills you.


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so the wife has said that with our tax return i can buy a new pistol. i was going to buy a kimber, but then with MI residency requirements, I couldn't. now, i realize I can and ask the wife about it again...we have a good amount of $ coming in from various sources and are having our large wedding ceremony and reception in may (did a small family ceremony on Christmas day). now, when i ask her, she says she wants me to wait!!!! ARGH!!!!
She says I can buy one, then when I have a chance to, says I can't because she's worried about the $$!!!! FRUSTRATING!
/rant off


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Venerable Tommasina Vernazza
Also known as
- Battistina
Daughter of Ettore Vernazza, a patrician who founded hospitals for the poor in the Italian cities of Genoa, Rome, and Naples. God-daughter of Saint Catherine Fieschi-Adorno. She became a Canoness Regular of the Lateran of Saint Augustine at the monastery of Saint Maria delle Grazier at age 13, taking the name Battistina. Served as treasurer, novice-mistress, and prioress. She wrote a commentary on the Pater Noster, The Union of the soul with God, Of the knowledge of God, Of prayer, Of the heavenly joys and of the means of attaining them, Of those who have risen with Christ, along with assorted meditations, spiritual canticles, and letters.
- if you have information relevant to this Cause, contact
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- "Venerable Tommasina Vernazza". Saints.SQPN.com. 1 May 2013. Web. 26 February 2015. <>


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(8) Ohio State 66
(23-4, 10-4 Big Ten)
(11) Penn State 84
(22-5, 12-3 Big Ten)
Coverage: ESPN2/WatchESPN
7:00 PM ET, February 20, 2012
Bryce Jordan Center, State College, Pennsylvania
Penn St. routs Buckeyes to clinch at least a share of first Big Ten title
STATE COLLEGE, Pa. -- After a tumultuous year on campus, the Penn State Lady Lions gave their school something to cheer about on the basketball court.
Nikki Greene had 25 points and 15 rebounds to lead three players with double-doubles and Penn State (No. 17 ESPN/USA Today, No. 12 AP) pounded Ohio State (No. 11 ESPN/USA Today, No. 9 AP) on the boards in an 84-66 victory Monday night to clinch at least a share of its first Big Ten title since 2004.Mia Nickson also had a double-double with 18 points and 15 boards. She and Greene combined for 25 points and 19 rebounds alone in the first half as Penn State (22-5, 11-3) built a 15-point halftime lead."There are no words," Nickson said before catching her breath. "It's amazing, just amazing. We just worked so hard to get here."The second half was a mere formality. The Buckeyes (23-4, 10-4) never got closer than 13 the rest of the way. Penn State also clinched the top seed in the conference tournament, which starts next week in Indianapolis.The title provided a sports highlight for a campus rocked by child sex abuse charges against a retired assistant football coach in November. Longtime head football coach Joe Paterno was ousted in the ensuing scandal.Coach Coquese Washington said she was glad to give the community something to be proud about and remember."There's a lot of good here at Penn State, there's a lot of things right. And all year long we tried to be one of the shining examples of what 'Success with Honor' means," said Washington, referring to a school motto. "I'm glad that our community is able to share this moment with us."Samantha Prahalis had 16 points and eight assists for Ohio State.But Monday belonged to Lady Lions, who dominated the Buckeyes on the boards, 60-32.Penn State held a 29-8 advantage on the offensive glass, and outscored Ohio State 29-0 in second-chance points."This might be the worst we rebounded (in) my life," Buckeyes coach Jim Foster said, "and certainly the least competitive."Maggie Lucas added 12 points and 10 rebounds, the first time that Penn State had three players with double-doubles since 2008.Nickson said Penn State was just in the "right place at the right time." Sitting next to Greene and Nickson, Lucas was less diplomatic."And they're beasts inside," Lucas said, referring to the post players. "I don't think it's just right place at the right time."Their loyal fans celebrated in the stands, waving white pom-poms. Happy Valley hasn't celebrated a conference title in eight seasons, when Rene Portland coached Penn State. Current men's basketball coach Patrick Chambers applauded courtside, as did Paterno's successor, Bill O'Brien."We are ... Penn State," exclaimed the fans with 1 minute left and the Lady Lions leading by 18. The pep band then broke out into an impromptu rendition of the alma mater while Penn State brought the ball up one last time.Off-court issues forced Portland out in 2007. Washington took over, needing five seasons to get the program back atop the Big Ten.Her star backcourt of Alex Bentley and Lucas, who combine to average nearly 25 points a game, often draw much of the attention.But it was Greene and Nickson who led the first-half charge against Ohio State."Tonight was a night for our post, and our guards were very pleased to sit back and watch them go to work," Washington said.Greene had a double-double in the first half alone with 16 points and 10 boards. She showed a lethal combination of muscle and athleticism after grabbing offensive rebounds with 3:50 left in the first half, deftly stepping around a defender on the baseline on the second attempt for a layup and a 37-26 lead.They didn't stop hustling in the second half even with a safe lead.After missing a layup, Nickson tapped the loose ball to the backcourt, where Lucas picked it up and found Greene. She posted up for another easy bucket and a 74-54 lead with 6:19 left.All five Penn State starters scored in double digits.Tayler Hill had 16 points for the Buckeyes, while Kalpana Beach added 12.Penn State also frustrated Ohio State defensively. The Buckeyes never seemed to get in rhythm offensively, held to 40 percent from the field. They were tops in conference in shooting entering the night at 47.7 percent."At some point in time you get embarrassed, at some point in time you get competitive," Foster said. "At some point in time you wake up to the challenge. And we did not."Copyright by STATS LLC and The Associated Press
Team Stat Comparison
Points | 66 | 84 |
FG Made-Attempted | 25-62 (.403) | 29-76 (.382) |
3P Made-Attempted | 3-15 (.200) | 2-5 (.400) |
FT Made-Attempted | 13-18 (.722) | 24-35 (.686) |
Fouls (Tech/Flagrant) | 23 (0/0) | 18 (0/0) |
Largest Lead | 0 | 21 |
Game Leaders
Points | ||
Rebounds | ||
Assists | ||
Steals | ||
Blocks |
Next 5 Games
02/23 MINN 8:00pm 02/26 @NEB 4:00pm 03/02 MICH 11:30am 03/03 NEB 5:00pm 03/18 FLA 12:15pm |
02/26 MINN 2:00pm 03/02 MINN 6:00pm 03/03 PUR 7:30pm 03/18 UTEP 5:15pm 03/20 LSU 9:40pm |
Complete Schedule: Ohio State | Penn State |
Big Ten Conference Standings
#14 Ohio State | 11-5 | 25-6 |
#15 Penn State | 13-3 | 24-6 |
#23 Nebraska | 10-6 | 24-8 |
Purdue | 11-5 | 24-8 |
Michigan St | 11-5 | 20-11 |
Michigan | 8-8 | 20-11 |
Iowa | 11-5 | 19-11 |
Minnesota | 6-10 | 15-17 |
Northwestern | 4-12 | 14-16 |
Illinois | 5-11 | 11-19 |
Wisconsin | 5-11 | 9-20 |
Indiana | 1-15 | 6-24 |
View expanded standings |


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