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Computation of economic rebound effect in different sectors of the U.S. economy
Economic rebound effect is the phenomenon in which price reduction in products and services, induced by energy efficiency increase will cause more consumption leading to an "eat away" of the potential decreases in energy ...
Kalakkad Jayaraman, Suganth Kumar
Analysis of Contaminant Rebound in Ground Water in Extraction...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
of Contaminant Rebound in Ground Water in Extraction Wells at the Tuba City, Arizona, Site Analysis of Contaminant Rebound in Ground Water in Extraction Wells at the Tuba City,...
We examined the effects of the thickness of the Pt shell, lattice mismatch, and particle size on specific and mass activities from the changes in effective surface area and activity for oxygen reduction induced by stepwise Pt-monolayer depositions on Pd and Pd{sub 3}Co nanoparticles. The core?shell structure was characterized at the atomic level using Z-contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy coupled with element-sensitive electron energy loss spectroscopy. The enhancements in specific activity are largely attributed to the compressive strain effect based on the density functional theory calculations using a nanoparticle model, revealing the effect of nanosize-induced surface contraction on facet-dependent oxygen binding energy. The results suggest that moderately compressed (111) facets are most conducive to oxygen reduction reaction on small nanoparticles and indicate the importance of concerted structure and component optimization for enhancing core?shell nanocatalysts activity and durability.
Wang, J.X.; Inada, H.; Wu, L.; Zhu, Y.; Choi, Y.; Liu, P.; Zhou, W.-P.; Adzic, R.R.
Fusion Hindrance and the Role of Shell Effects in the Superheavy Mass Region
We present the first attempt of the systematical investigation about the effects of shell correction energy for dynamical processes, which include fusion, fusion-fission and quasi-fission processes. In the superheavy mass region, for the fusion process, the shell correction energy plays a very important role and enhances the fusion probability, when the colliding partner has strong shell structure. By analyzing the trajectory in the three-dimensional coordinate space with a Langevin equation, we reveal the mechanism of the enhancement of the fusion probability caused by shell effects.
Y. Aritomo
LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT An agent based approach to the potential for rebound resulting
efficient lighting options, such as com- pact fluorescent bulbs and light emitting diodes are predicted . Light emitting diode . Lighting . Rebound effect . Residential consumption 1 Introduction Light (US EIA 2011). Light emitting diode (LED) lamps1 represent an evolution in how residential 1 Light
Illinois at Chicago, University of
Fusion hindrance and roles of shell effects in superheavy mass region
We present the first attempt of systematically investigating the effects of shell correction energy for a dynamical process, which includes fusion, fusion-fission and quasi-fission processes. In the superheavy mass region, for the fusion process, shell correction energy plays a very important role and enhances the fusion probability when the colliding partner has a strong shell structure. By analyzing the trajectory in three-dimensional coordinate space with the Langevin equation, we reveal the mechanism of the enhancement of the fusion probability caused by `cold fusion valleys'. The temperature dependence of shell correction energy is considered.
Y. Aritomo
The Covariant Electromagnetic Casimir Effect for Real Conducting Cylindrical Shells
Using covariant quantization of the electromagnetic field, the Casimir force per unit area experienced by a long conducting cylindrical shell, under both Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions, is calculated. The renormalization procedure is based on the plasma cut-off frequency for real conductors. The real case of a gold (silver) cylindrical shell is considered and the corresponding electromagnetic Casimir pressure is computed. It is discussed that the Dirichlet and Neumann problems should be considered separately without adding their corresponding results.
H. Razmi; N. Fadaei
Rebound 2007: Analysis of U.S. Light-Duty Vehicle Travel Statistics
U.S. national time series data on vehicle travel by passenger cars and light trucks covering the period 1966 2007 are used to test for the existence, size and stability of the rebound effect for motor vehicle fuel efficiency on vehicle travel. The data show a statistically significant effect of gasoline price on vehicle travel but do not support the existence of a direct impact of fuel efficiency on vehicle travel. Additional tests indicate that fuel price effects have not been constant over time, although the hypothesis of symmetry with respect to price increases and decreases is not rejected. Small and Van Dender (2007) model of a declining rebound effect with income is tested and similar results are obtained.
Greene, David L [ORNL
A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and
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A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment Title A concentration rebound method for measuring particle penetration and deposition in the indoor environment Publication Type Journal Article LBNL Report Number LBNL-51631 Year of Publication 2003 Authors Thatcher, Tracy L., Melissa M. Lunden, Kenneth L. Revzan, Richard G. Sextro, and Nancy J. Brown Journal Aerosol Science & Technology Volume 37 Start Page Chapter Pagination 847-864 Abstract Continuous, size resolved particle measurements were performed in two houses in order to determine size- dependent particle penetration into and deposition in the indoor environment. The experiments consisted of three parts: measurement of the particle loss rate following artificial elevation of indoor particle concentrations,
Scaling laws, transient times and shell effects in helium induced nuclear fission
Fission excitation functions of He-3 and He-4 induced compound nuclei are shown to scale exactly according to the Bohr-Wheeler transition state prediction once the shell effects are accounted for. The presented method furthermore allows one to model-independently extract values for the shell effects which are in good agreement to those obtained from liquid-drop model calculations. The fact that no deviations from the transition state method have been observed within the experimentally investigated excitation energy regime allows one to assign an upper limit for the transient time of 10 zs.
Th. Rubehn; K. X. Jing; L. G. Moretto; L. Phair; K. Tso; G. J. Wozniak
We summarize recent work in which the shell effect, which causes the onset of the mass asymmetry in nuclear fission, could be explained semiclassically in the framework of the periodic orbit theory. We also present new results for the inclusion of a spin-orbit interaction in the semiclassical calculation of the level density. 1
unknown authors
Rapid disappearance of shell effects in the fission of transfermium nuclei
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In the last fifteen years we have learned that nuclear shells have a very broad and pervasive impact on the fission process. In the first few decades after the discovery of nuclear fission, the nucleus was treated as a drop of liquid with smoothly varying attractive and repulsive forces. Although this model still forms the underlying basis for fission, we also observe large effects from the superimposition of shell corrections derived from coupling the quantum states of individual nucleons. The consequences of single-particle coupling on the fission process can be striking and may often overshadow that originating from the intrinsic liquid-drop component. Here, we point out several major features attributable to shell effects in the spontaneous fission (SF) of the lighter actinides, the sudden transition to symmetric fission in the fermium isotopes, and finally new experimental information indicating another transition in the SF of transfermium nuclides due to the disappearance of shell perturbations. In each transition, the abruptness is surprising, and for the moment, such rapid changes in fission behavior lack a theoretical rationale.
Hulet, E.K.
Importance of open-shell effects in adhesion at metal-ceramic interfaces Emily A. Jarvis and Emily enhanced adhesion between oxide ceramics and conducting metals via promoting open-shell electronic The need to bond dissimilar materials to one another is pervasive in modern industry and medicine. Metals
Carter, Emily A.
??An experimental study into the effects of geometry and the presence of adjacent screens on the acoustic impedances and heat transfer performance of shell-and-tube heat� (more)
Brady, John
Search of double shell closure in the superheavy nuclei using a simple effective interaction
This paper refers to an another attempt to search for spherical double shell closure nu- clei beyond Z=82, N=126. All calculations and results are based on a newly developed approach entitled as simple effective interaction. Our results predict the combination of magic nucleus occurs at N=182 (Z=114,120,126). All possible evidences for the oc- currence of magic nuclei are discussed systematically. And, the obtained results for all observables compared with the relativistic mean field theory for NL3 parameter.
S. K. Biswal; M. Bhuyan; S. K. Singh; S. K. Patra
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Anti-symmetric spin-orbit force (ALS) in the effective interaction for the shell model and its effect on nuclear structure is discussed. We investigate possible origins of the ALS and the effects on the level schemes of several nuclei.
Tsunoda, N.; Shimizu, N. [Department of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, I-80126 (Japan); Otsuka, T. [Department of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, I-80126 (Japan); Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo, 113-0033 (Japan) and National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI (United States); Suzuki, T. [Department of Physics, College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University, Sakurajosui 3, Tokyo 156-8550 (Japan)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... Probably "Computer Assembler by General Electric". Don Shell worked in the same building, but he was manager of the Systems Analysts. ...
Effects of tensor interaction on pseudospin energy splitting and shell correction
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In the framework of a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock approach combined with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) method, the role of the tensor force on the pseudospin energy splitting for tin isotope chain is investigated. The tensor force turns out to obviously affect the pseudospin energy splitting of the spin-unsaturated nuclei. Since the tensor force shifts the single-particle levels, it modifies the single-particle level density and the shell correction energy thereof. The influence of the tensor interaction on shell correction energy is considerable according to our analysis taking a magic nucleus {sup 132}Sn as well as a superheavy nucleus {sup 298}114 as examples. This modification of the shell correction energy due to the tensor component affects the stability of the superheavy nuclei.
Dong, J. M. [Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 (China); China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275 (10), Beijing 102413 (China); School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Zuo, W. [Research Center for Hadron and CSR Physics, Lanzhou University and Institute of Modern Physics of CAS, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China); School of Nuclear Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Gu, J. Z. [China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413 (China); Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator of Lanzhou, Lanzhou 730000 (China); Wang, Y. Z.; Zhang, X. Z. [China Institute of Atomic Energy, P. O. Box 275(10), Beijing 102413 (China); Cao, L. G. [Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000 (China)
The effects of the maximum credible accident relative to the design of the containment shell are discussed. The maximum credible accident is defined. The thermal and hydraulic effects of the maximum credible accident on the reactor system were analyzed. The extent to which fuelrod cladding will melt was estimated. The amount of energy released from the reactor system by the escaping steam and water and by a possible chemical reaction was calculated along with the corresponding pressure rise inside the containment shell. The kinds, amounts, and total radioactivity of fission products released to the atmosphere of the containment shell after the core melts were predicted. (M.C.G.)
P-SHELL {Lambda} HYPERNUCLEI AND THE {Lambda}N EFFECTIVE INTERACTION
Empirical data on the spectra of light hypernuclei, especially the data from recent {gamma}-ray experiments, is used to constrain the parameters which govern the P{sub N}s{sub {Lambda}} and p{sub N}p{sub {Lambda}}j two-body matrix elements that enter into shell-model calculations.
Hollow spherical shell manufacture
A process for making a hollow spherical shell of silicate glass composition in which an aqueous suspension of silicate glass particles and an immiscible liquid blowing agent is placed within the hollow spherical cavity of a porous mold. The mold is spun to reduce effective gravity to zero and to center the blowing agent, while being heated so as to vaporize the immiscible liquid and urge the water carrier of the aqueous suspension to migrate into the body of the mold, leaving a green shell compact deposited around the mold cavity. The green shell compact is then removed from the cavity, and is sintered for a time and a temperature sufficient to form a silicate glass shell of substantially homogeneous composition and uniform geometry.
O' Holleran, Thomas P. (Belleville, MI)
Hollow spherical shell manufacture
A process is disclosed for making a hollow spherical shell of silicate glass composition in which an aqueous suspension of silicate glass particles and an immiscible liquid blowing agent is placed within the hollow spherical cavity of a porous mold. The mold is spun to reduce effective gravity to zero and to center the blowing agent, while being heated so as to vaporize the immiscible liquid and urge the water carrier of the aqueous suspension to migrate into the body of the mold, leaving a green shell compact deposited around the mold cavity. The green shell compact is then removed from the cavity, and is sintered for a time and a temperature sufficient to form a silicate glass shell of substantially homogeneous composition and uniform geometry. 3 figures.
O' Holleran, T.P.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The neutron-rich isotopes with Z{Shell-model calculations using the effective interaction SDPF-NR were able to predict or to explain most of the properties featured by these nuclei. Prominent among them is the disappearance of the N=28 shell closure for Z{<=}16. We have incorporated into SDPF-NR some modifications, either on purely theoretical grounds or guided by new experimental information. The proposed interaction SDPF-U offers enhanced reliability with respect to the earlier version.
Nowacki, F. [IPHC, IN2P3-CNRS et Universite Louis Pasteur, F-67037 Strasbourg (France); Poves, A. [Departamento de Fisica Teorica e IFT-UAM/CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid (Spain)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this study, empirical and semiempirical K-shell fluorescence yields ({omega}{sub K}) and K{beta}/K{alpha} intensity ratios from the available experimental data for elements with 23{241}Am annular radioactive source. K x rays emitted by samples were counted by an Ultra-LEGe detector with a resolution of 150 eV at 5.9 keV. The effect of pH values on alloy compositions and the effect of alloying on the fluorescence parameters of Co and Zn were investigated. The x-ray fluorescence parameters of Co and Zn in the alloying system indicate significant differences with respect to the pure metals. These differences are attributed to the reorganization of valence shell electrons and/or charge transfer phenomena.
Kup Aylikci, N.; Aylikci, V.; Tirasoglu, E.; Cengiz, E. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Karadeniz Technical University, TR-61080 Trabzon (Turkey); Kahoul, A. [Bordj-Bou-Arreridj University Center, Institute of Science and Technology, 34000 (Algeria); Physics Department, Laboratory LESIMS, Ferhat Abbas University, Faculty of Science, 19000 Setif (Algeria); Karahan, I. H. [Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Mustafa Kemal University, TR-31040 Hatay (Turkey)
Ammonia in simulated Hanford double-shell tank wastes: Solubility and effects on surface tension
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Radioactive and wastes left from defense materials production activities are temporarily stored in large underground tanks at the Hanford Site in south central Washington State (Tank Waste Science Panel 1991). Some of these wastes are in the form of a thick slurry (``double-shell slurry``) containing sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, sodium aluminate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, organic complexants and buffering agents, complexant fragments and other minor components (Herting et al. 1992a; Herting et al. 1992b; Campbell et al. 1994). As a result of thermal and radiolytic processes, a number of gases are known to be produced by some of these stored wastes, including ammonia, nitrous oxide, nitrogen, hydrogen, and methane (Babad et al. 1991; Ashby et al. 1992; Meisel et al. 1993; Ashby et al. 1993; Ashby et al. 1994; Bryan et al. 1993; US Department of Energy 1994). Before the emplacement of a mixer pump, these gases were retained in and periodically released from Tank 241-SY-101, a double-shell tank at the Hanford Site (Babad et al. 1992; US Department of Energy 1994). Gases are believed to be retained primarily in the form of bubbles attached to solid particles (Bryan, Pederson, and Scheele 1992), with very little actually dissolved in the liquid. Ammonia is an exception. The relation between the concentration of aqueous ammonia in such concentrated, caustic mixtures and the ammonia partial pressure is not well known, however.
Norton, J.D.; Pederson, L.R.
The influence of dent imperfections on the elastic stress behavior of cylindrical shells is explored. This problem is of central importance to the prediction of fatigue failure due to dents in petroleum pipelines. Using an approximate technique called the Equivalent Load Method, a semi-analytical model of two-dimensional dent stress behavior is developed. In the three-dimensional situation, decreased dent localization, in particular dent length, and increased dent depth are confirmed to cause dent stress concentration behavior to shift from having a single peak at the dent center to having peaks at the dent periphery. It is demonstrated that the equivalent load method does not predict this shift in stress behavior and cannot be relied upon to analyze relatively small, deep imperfections. The two stress modes of dents are associated with two modes of dent fatigue behavior that have significantly different fatigue lives. A method for distinguishing longer lived Mode P dents from shorter lived Mode C dents based on two measured features of dent geometry is developed and validated. An approach for implementing this analysis in the evaluation of real dents is also suggested.
Rinehart, Adam James
MARMOSET: The Path from LHC Data to the New Standard Model via On-Shell Effective Theories
We describe a coherent strategy and set of tools for reconstructing the fundamental theory of the TeV scale from LHC data. We show that On-Shell Effective Theories (OSETs) effectively characterize hadron collider data in terms of masses, production cross sections, and decay modes of candidate new particles. An OSET description of the data strongly constrains the underlying new physics, and sharply motivates the construction of its Lagrangian. Simulating OSETs allows efficient analysis of new-physics signals, especially when they arise from complicated production and decay topologies. To this end, we present MARMOSET, a Monte Carlo tool for simulating the OSET version of essentially any new-physics model. MARMOSET enables rapid testing of theoretical hypotheses suggested by both data and model-building intuition, which together chart a path to the underlying theory. We illustrate this process by working through a number of data challenges, where the most important features of TeV-scale physics are reconstructed with as little as 5 fb{sup -1} of simulated LHC signals.
Arkani-Hamed, Nima; Schuster, Philip; Toro, Natalia; /Harvard U., Phys. Dept.; Thaler, Jesse; /UC, Berkeley /LBL, Berkeley; Wang, Lian-Tao; /Princeton U.; Knuteson, Bruce; /MIT, LNS; Mrenna, Stephen; /Fermilab
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Tensor effects in shell evolution are studied within the mean-field approach. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the magic gaps in different regions of the nuclear chart, namely, Z,N=8, 20, and 28. Hartree-Fock calculations with Skyrme and Gogny interactions are performed where the tensor term has a zero and finite range, respectively. Results obtained with and without the tensor component are compared between them and with the experimental data, when available. To complete this analysis, the tensor effect is also investigated within the relativistic Hartree-Fock model, where the exchange of rho mesons and pions is taken into account. It turns out that the tensor effect in the evolution of the magic gaps can be more easily identified in the cases Z,N=8 and 20, whereas the interpretation of the effect is more complicated for Z or N= 28. Consequently, we indicate the regions defined by the magic numbers 8 and 20 as suitable for fitting the tensor parameters in a mean-field approach: We suggest to include explicitly the data associated to these gap evolutions in the fitting procedures. In general, with the parametrizations used in this work (which have not been fitted on these data), the mean-field results obtained with the tensor contribution do not reproduce the experimental trend, that is, the reduction of the gaps at 8 and 20 that is observed when going toward the drip lines. Since some of the considered nuclei have N=Z, a discussion will be devoted to the interpretation of the experimental data concerning these nuclei and to the Wigner-energy correction.
Moreno-Torres, M.; Anguiano, M. [Departamento de Fisica Atomica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, E-18071 Granada (Spain); Grasso, M.; Van Giai, N. [Institut de Physique Nucleaire, IN2P3-CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex (France); Liang, H. [Institut de Physique Nucleaire, IN2P3-CNRS, Universite Paris-Sud, F-91406 Orsay Cedex (France); State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); De Donno, V. [Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita del Salento and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare sez. di Lecce, I-73100 Lecce (Italy)
with post- glacial rebound (PGR) depends upon both the viscosity pro- file of the Earth and the ice loading parameterizes the Earth's viscosity structure. Hence by measuring rates of crustal deformation in a region a seasonal signal. The phase and amplitude of the seasonal signature in t
Larson, Kristine
Study of particle rebound characteristics and material erosion at high temperature
In this research an investigation was conducted to study the ash particle rebound characteristics and the associated erosion behavior of alloys and coatings which are widely used in gas and steam turbines. A three-component LDV system was used to measure the restitution parameters of 15 micron mean diameter coal ash particles impacting superalloys and coating at different angles. The presented results show the variation of the particle restitution ratios with the impingement angle for the coated and uncoated surfaces. The experimental results were used to develop correlations for the restitution parameters for coated and uncoated superalloys. In addition, a theoretical model based on elastic-plastic theory has been developed to simulate single solid particle impacts on solid targets.
Tabakoff, W.; Hamed, A.; Metwally, A.; Yeuan, J. (Cincinnati Univ., OH (United States). Dept. of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics)
Dec 1999 & Jan 2000 Production Fell, But Rebounded with Price
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
8 8 Notes: Will production be high enough this fall to bring stocks back into the normal range? Last winter, production was cut back in December, which, when combined with the strong increase in demand, resulted in the large strong stock draw. But this did not diminish the typical production decline that occurred in January, leaving stocks precariously low. As December began, margins were low, and November weather had been 16% warmer than the prior year. Stocks were in the normal range, and companies were still smarting from the extremely low margins of the prior winter. Refiners reduced production to the prior year's levels as a result. When the cold spell hit the Northeast at the end of January and caused prices to spike, production rebounded in response. However,
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Ocean shell noises Name: Rick A Cazzato Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Why do you here noises when you put a ocean shell to your ear? Does this happen because of...
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Secure Shell (SSH) Name: Rutaiwan Status: Educator Age: 20s Location: NA Country: NA Date: June 2003 Question: What is the Secure Shell (SSH)? What is a strong and weak points of...
Laboratory testing was performed to develop a comprehensive understanding of the corrosivity of the tank wastes stored in Double-Shell Tanks using simulants primarily from Tanks 241-AP-105, 241-SY-103 and 241-AW-105. Additional tests were conducted using simulants of the waste stored in 241-AZ-102, 241-SY-101, 241-AN-107, and 241-AY-101. This test program placed particular emphasis on defining the range of tank waste chemistries that do not induce the onset of localized forms of corrosion, particularly pitting and stress corrosion cracking. This document summarizes the key findings of the research program.
Multiple shell fusion targets for use with electron beam and ion beam implosion systems are described. The multiple shell targets are of the low-power type and use a separate relatively low Z, low density ablator at large radius for the outer shell, which reduces the focusing and power requirements of the implosion system while maintaining reasonable aspect ratios. The targets use a high Z, high density pusher shell placed at a much smaller radius in order to obtain an aspect ratio small enough to protect against fluid instability. Velocity multiplication between these shells further lowers the power requirements. Careful tuning of the power profile and intershell density results in a low entropy implosion which allows breakeven at low powers. For example, with ion beams as a power source, breakeven at 10-20 Terrawatts with 10 MeV alpha particles for imploding a multiple shell target can be accomplished.
Lindl, J.D.; Bangerter, R.O.
Inhomogeneous charge distributions have important repercussions on electrostatic interactions in systems of charged particles but are often difficult to examine theoretically. We investigate how electrostatic interactions are influenced by patchy charge distributions exhibiting certain point group symmetries. We derive a general form of the electrostatic interaction energy of two permeable, arbitrarily charged spherical shells in the Debye-H\\"uckel approximation and apply it to the case of particles with icosahedral, octahedral, and tetrahedral inhomogeneous charge distributions. We analyze in detail how charge distribution symmetry modifies the interaction energy and find that local charge inhomogeneities reduce the repulsion of two overall equally charged particles, while sufficient orientational variation in the charge distribution can turn the minimum interaction energy into an attraction. Additionally we show that larger patches and thus lower symmetries and wave numbers result in bigger attraction given the same variation.
Anze Losdorfer Bozic; Rudolf Podgornik
??By lowering the energy required to provide a service, energy efficiency can help society consume less energy, emit less CO2e and other air pollutants, while� (more)
Thomas, Brinda Ann
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Shells and Startup Files Shells and Startup Files PDSF Defined Environment When new users are added to the PDSF machines, the shell is set according to the user's request. You can...
Plume splitting and rebounding in a high-intensity CO{sub 2} laser induced air plasma
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The dynamics of plasma plume formed by high-intensity CO{sub 2} laser induced breakdown of air at atmospheric pressure is investigated. The laser wavelength is 10.6 {mu}m. Measurements were made using 3 ns gated fast photography as well as space and time resolved optical emission spectroscopy. The behavior of the plasma plume was studied with a laser energy of 3 J and 10 J. The results show that the evolution of the plasma plume is very complicated. The splitting and rebounding of the plasma plume is observed to occur early in the plumes history.
Chen Anmin; Jiang Yuanfei; Liu Hang; Jin Mingxing; Ding Dajun [Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The 100-HR-3 Groundwater Operable Unit (OU) second Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) 5-year review (DOEIRL-2006-20, The Second CERCLA Five-Year Review Report for the Hanford Site) set a milestone to conduct an investigation of deep hexavalent chromium contamination in the sediments of the Ringold upper mud (RUM) unit, which underlies the unconfined aquifer in the 100-H Area. The 5-year review noted that groundwater samples from one deep well extending below the aquitard (i.e., RUM) exceeded both the groundwater standard of 48 parts per billion (ppb) (Ecology Publication 94-06, Model Toxics Control Act Cleanup Statute and Regulation) and the federal drinking water standard of 100 {mu}g/L for hexavalent chromium. The extent of hexavalent chromium contamination in this zone is not well understood. Action 12-1 from the 5-year review is to perform additional characterization of the aquifer below the initial aquitard. Field characterization and aquifer testing were performed in the Hanford Site's 100-H Area to address this milestone. The aquifer tests were conducted to gather data to answer several fundamental questions regarding the presence of the hexavalent chromium in the deep sediments of the RUM and to determine the extent and magnitude of deeper contamination. The pumping tests were performed in accordance with the Description of Work for Aquifer Testing in Support of the 100-H Deep Chromium Investigation (SGW-41302). The specific objectives for the series of tests were as follows: (1) Evaluate the sustainable production of the subject wells using step-drawdown and constant-rate pumping tests. (2) Collect water-level data to evaluate the degree of hydraulic connection between the RUM and the unconfined (upper) aquifer (natural or induced along the well casing). (3) Evaluate the hydraulic properties of a confined permeable layer within the RUM.; (4) Collect time-series groundwater samples during testing to evaluate the extent and persistence of hexavalent chromium in the deeper zones. Use data collected to refine the current conceptual model for the 100-H Area unconfined aquifer and the RUM in this area. (5) Evaluate the concentration 'rebound' in the unconfined aquifer of hexavalent chromium and the contaminants of concern during shutdown of the extraction wells. Measure co-contaminants at the beginning, middle, and end of each pumping test. The RUM is generally considered an aquitard in the 100-HR-3 OU; however, several water-bearing sand layers are present that are confined within the RUM. The current hydrogeologic model for the 100-H Area aquifer system portrays the RUM as an aquitard layer that underlies the unconfined aquifer, which may contain permeable zones, stringers, or layers. These permeable zones may provide pathways for chromium to migrate deeper into the RUM under certain hydrogeologic conditions. One condition may be the discharge of large volumes of cooling water that occurred near the former H Reactor, which caused a mound of groundwater to form 4.9 to 10.1 m (16 to 33 ft) above the natural water table. The cooling water reportedly contained 1 to 2 mglL of hexavalent chromium for corrosion prevention. Three alternate hypotheses for the introduction of hexavalent chromium into the RUM are as follows: (1) Local groundwater with higher concentrations of hexavalent chromium originating from reactor operations at H Reactor was driven by high heads from groundwater mounding in the unconfined aquifer into the RUM via permeable pathways in the upper surface of the RUM. (2) Local groundwater with hexavalent chromium was introduced from the unconfined aquifer via well boreholes, either during drilling or as a result of poor well construction, allowing hydraulic communication between the unconfined aquifer and the RUM. (3) Hexavalent chromium migrated across the Hom area within the more permeable zones of the RUM. The three wells used for the aquifer pumping tests (199-H3-2C, 199-H4-12C, and 199-H4-15CS) exhibit hexavalent chromium contamination in confined aqu
Bash Shell | Argonne Leadership Computing Facility
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Bash Shell A popular shell provided with the operating system, bash is available as a login shell. To change your login shell use your ALCF personal account page. Version(s):...
Stability of charged thin shells
In this article we study the mechanical stability of spherically symmetric thin shells with charge, in Einstein-Maxwell and Einstein-Born-Infeld theories. We analyze linearized perturbations preserving the symmetry, for shells around vacuum and shells surrounding noncharged black holes.
Eiroa, Ernesto F. [Instituto de Astronomia y Fisica del Espacio, C.C. 67, Suc. 28, 1428, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. I, 1428, Buenos Aires (Argentina); Simeone, Claudio [Departamento de Fisica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. I, 1428, Buenos Aires (Argentina); IFIBA, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria Pab. I, 1428, Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Mollusk Shell Nacre Ultrastructure Correlates with Environmental...
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Mollusk Shell Nacre Ultrastructure Correlates with Environmental Temperature and Pressure Mollusk Shell Nacre Ultrastructure Correlates with Environmental Temperature and Pressure...
A Shell Theory for Chiral Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
In this paper, we propose a characterization of the mechanical response of the linearly elastic shell we associate to a single-wall carbon nanotube of arbitrary chirality. In Bajaj et al. 2013, we gave such a characterization in the case of zigzag and armchair nanotubes; in particular, we showed that the orthotropic response we postulated for the associated shells is to become isotropic in the graphene-limit, that is, when the shell radius grows bigger and bigger. Here we give an explicit recipe to construct the generally anisotropic response of the shell associated to a nanotube of any chirality in terms of the response of the shell associated to a related zigzag or armchair nanotube. The expected coupling of mechanical effects that anisotropy entrains is demonstrated in the case of a torsion problem, where the axial extension accompanying twist is determined analytically and found in good agreement with the available experimental data.
Antonino Favata; Paolo Podio-Guidugli
On heat capacity of nanoclusters with a shell structure
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Pair correlation effects in nanoclusters with a shell structure are analyzed by the exact diagonalization method. The singularity in the behavior of the heat capacity of such clusters is analyzed using the many-particle spectrum of nanoclusters.
Baturin, V. S., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Losyakov, V. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Physical Institute (Russian Federation)
Project EARTH-12-SHELL6: Shell Geoscience Laboratory (2)
an increasingly important topic with wide implications for exploitation of unconventional gas reserves, toxic) This studentship is funded by Shell and is part of a larger Shell-supported research project on shale-gas shale (subject to contract) The development of natural fracture systems in fine-grained sediments is becoming
Henderson, Gideon
Managing Feedwater Heater Shell Thinning
Thinning of feedwater heater (FWH) shells has become an important issue throughout the U.S. nuclear industry. The thinning occurs primarily in the vicinity of the extraction steam and drain inlet nozzles where two-phase steam/water mixtures enter the heater. The thinning can be general wall thinning over a large area or highly localized thinning in a limited area. Eventually, shell repairs become necessary to ensure integrity of the pressure boundary and personnel safety, and to restore compliance with the ASME pressure vessel code. Ideally, long-term monitoring of the thickness of FWH shells would allow for timely repairs before the wall thickness decreases below the ASME Code minimum wall thickness. However, since most plants did not start inspecting FWH shells until recently, the initial inspection may find shells that are thinned to near or below the ASME Code minimum wall thickness. Because the cost and manpower requirements for shell repairs can be significant, it is imperative that shell repairs provide a long-term solution and that they be implemented as a planned outage evolution. Accordingly, the approach to managing FWH shell thinning must provide sufficient advance warning of the need for repairs while ensuring safe operation until the permanent repair can be implemented. The approach outlined in this paper does both. Establish acceptance criteria to ensure safe, interim operation with thinned shells until a permanent repair can be implemented. Develop contingency plans for interim repairs should the inspections identify thinning below the interim acceptance criteria. Inspect FWH shells during a refueling outage or possibly during planned system outages or power reductions. If necessary, perform interim repairs to ensure safe operation until the next refueling outage. Develop and implement permanent repairs that will prevent shell thinning. (authors)
Simons, John W.; Keating, Robert B. [MPR Associates Inc., 140 Mustang Circle, Simpsonville, SC 29681 (United States)
Foam shell cryogenic ICF target
A uniform cryogenic layer of DT fuel is maintained in a fusion target having a low density, small pore size, low Z rigid foam shell saturated with liquid DT fuel. Capillary action prevents gravitational slumping of the fuel layer. The saturated shell may be cooled to produce a solid fuel layer.
Darling, Dale H. (Pleasanton, CA)
The role of short range correlations on the depletion of the Fermi sea is studied in light nuclei. The short range correlations are considered in an approximate treatment allowing a systematic study of nuclei in the region 4{le}{ital A}{le}40. The natural orbital'' representation is used for the determination of the occupation probabilities of the shell model orbits of the ground-state wave function. The depletion of the nuclear Fermi sea appears to be, on the average, about 32%.
Lalazissis, G.A.; Massen, S.E.; Panos, C.P. (Department of Theoretical Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki (Greece))
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
How is an egg shell formed? Name: Tim Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: How is an egg shell formed? Replies: Egg shells are formed by a complex interaction between a...
Shell Solar | Open Energy Information
Solar Solar Jump to: navigation, search Name Shell Solar Place The Hague, Netherlands Zip 2501 AN Sector Solar Product Shell Solar is developing non-crystalline PV technology, notably CIS, following the sale of nearly all its crystalline silicon PV operations to SolarWorld in early 2006. References Shell Solar[1] Information About Partnership with NREL Partnership with NREL Yes Partnership Type Uses NREL Research Facilities Partnering Center within NREL National Center for Photovoltaics Partnership Year 2006 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Shell Solar is a company located in The Hague, Netherlands . References ↑ "Shell Solar" Retrieved from
Cosan Shell JV | Open Energy Information
Jump to: navigation, search Name Cosan & Shell JV Place Brazil Product Brazil-based bioethanol manufacturing joint venture. References Cosan & Shell JV1 LinkedIn Connections...
Optimum rotationally symmetric shells for flywheel rotors
A flywheel rim support formed from two shell halves. Each of the shell halves has a disc connected to the central shaft. A first shell element connects to the disc at an interface. A second shell element connects to the first shell element. The second shell element has a plurality of meridional slits. A cylindrical shell element connects to the second shell element. The cylindrical shell element connects to the inner surface of the flywheel rim. A flywheel rim support having a disc connected an outer diameter of a shaft. Two optimally shaped shell elements connect to the optimally shaped disc at an interface. The interface defines a discontinuity in a meridional slope of said support. A cylindrical shell element connects to the two shell elements. The cylindrical shell element has an outer surface for connecting to the inner surface of the flywheel rim. A flywheel rim casing includes an annular shell connected to the central shaft. The annular shell connects to the flywheel rim. A composite shell surrounds the shaft, annular shell and flywheel rim.
Blake, Henry W. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Insulative laser shell coupler
A segmented coaxial laser shell assembly having at least two water jacket sections, two pairs of interconnection half rings, a dialectric break ring, and a pair of threaded ring sections. Each water jacket section with an inner tubular section that defines an inner laser cavity with water paths adjacent to at least a portion of the exterior of the inner tubular section, and mating faces at the end of the water jacket section through which the inner laser cavity opens and which defines at least one water port therethrough in communication with the water jackets. The water paths also define in their external surface a circumferential notch set back from and in close proximity to the mating face. The dielectric break ring has selected thickness and is placed between, and in coaxial alignment with, the mating faces of two of the adjacent water jacket sections. The break ring also defines an inner laser cavity of the same size and shape as the inner laser cavity of the water jacket sections and at least one water passage through the break ring to communicate with at least one water port through the mating faces of the water jacket sections.
Arnold, Phillip A. (Livermore, CA); Anderson, Andrew T. (Livermore, CA); Alger, Terry W. (Tracy, CA)
Semiclassical environment of collapsing shells
We explore in detail the semiclassical environment of collapsing shells of matter, and determine the semiclassical flux measured by a variety of observers. This study is a preliminary step in a broader investigation of thermodynamic properties of the geometry of collapsing objects. Specifically, in this paper we consider spherically symmetric null and timelike collapsing shells which form an event horizon, and calculate the flux measured by observers both inside and outside the shell, and both inside and outside the event horizon, and find nontrivial results in most of the cases. Additionally, we also investigate the environment of a shell which collapses but \\emph{does not} form a horizon, halting at some radius larger than the Schwarzschild radius, and find that such an object generically gives rise to a pulse of radiation which is sharply peaked as it travels inwards and is reflected at the origin, and eventually emerges from the shell in a "thermalized" form. Our results have potential consequences in addressing questions pertaining, e.g. to black hole entropy and backreaction.
Kinjal Banerjee; Aseem Paranjape
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
It has been suggested in the past that special numbers of neutrons or protons in the nucleus form a particularly stable configuration.{sup1} The complete evidence for this has never been summarized, nor is it generally recognized how convincing this evidence is. That 20 neutrons or protons (Ca{sup40}) form a closed shell is predicted by the Hartree model. A number of calculations support this fact.{sup2} These considerations will not be repeated here. In this paper, the experimental facts indicating a particular stability of shells of 50 and 82 protons and of 50, 82, and 126 neutrons will be listed.
Mayer, M. G.
Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
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Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm...
Shell Solar India | Open Energy Information
Shell Solar India Shell Solar India Place India Sector Solar Product Shell Solar India was created as Shell's solar energy business in India, but has been acquired by Indian privately-held company Environ Energy-Tech. References Shell Solar India[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Shell Solar India is a company located in India . References ↑ "Shell Solar India" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Shell_Solar_India&oldid=350910" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here Related changes Special pages Printable version Permanent link Browse properties 429 Throttled (bot load) Error 429 Throttled (bot load)
Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
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Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, where said outer shell comprises multiple monolayers, wherein at least 30% of the quantum dots have an on-time fraction of 0.80 or greater under continuous excitation conditions for a period of time of at least 10 minutes. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Thick-Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, where said outer shell comprises multiple monolayers, wherein at least 30% of the quantum dots have an on-time fraction of 0.80 or greater under continuous
Shell structures for biogas plants
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The shell structures designed for biogas plants of the fixed-dome type by the Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association are described. Biogas digesters of the design described have been successfully tested in Rwanda and India without structural or contractural problems.
Sasse, L.
Evolution of the N = 28 shell closure: a test bench for nuclear forces
Evolution of the N = 28 shell closure: a test bench for nuclear forces O. Sorlin1 and M.-G. Porquet;The N = 28 shell closure: a test bench for nuclear forces 2 reach a value of 4.8 MeV. This effect has and 90). More generally, questions related to the evolution of nuclear forces towards the drip
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Doc.381, 'Nose flutes and shell trumpets'
flutes and shell trumpets Translation of title Description (to be used in archive entry) Audio recording of nose flutes and shell trumpets, 15 min 51 seconds 1) Nose flute, fangofango - Copy of BBC recording (Library number 20468) made in December 1953... , recorded in July 1957, in Suva by the Fiji Broadcasting commission. Arranged recording [6.25-9.20] 4) Shell trumpet. Blowing of the triton shell or davui, at Rakiraki, Kadavu, October 1955. Arranged recording [9.34-9.56] 5) Shell trumpet. Blowing...
Roth, George Kingsley
K-shell photoabsorption cross sections for the isonuclear C I-C IV ions have been computed using the R-matrix method. Above the K-shell threshold, the present results are in good agreement with the independent-particle results of Reilman and Manson. Below threshold, we also compute the strong 1s {yields} np absorption resonances with the inclusion of important spectator Auger broadening effects. For the lowest 1s {yields} 2p, 3p resonances, comparisons to available C II, C III, and C IV experimental results show good agreement in general for the resonance strengths and positions. Our results also provide detailed information on the C I K-shell photoabsorption cross section including the strong resonance features, since very limited laboratory experimental data exist. The resultant R-matrix cross sections are then used to model the Chandra X-ray absorption spectrum of the blazar Mkn 421.
Hasoglu, M. F.; Abdel-Naby, Sh. A.; Gorczyca, T. W. [Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5252 (United States); Drake, J. J. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, MS-70, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); McLaughlin, B. M. [Centre for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics (CTAMOP), School of Mathematics and Physics, David Bates Building, 7 College Park, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN (United Kingdom)
Using shape to control photoluminescence from CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
CdSe/CdS core/shell nanorods can exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yields, but it is not yet clear what processes determine the yields and how they can be controlled. Moreover, the effective band alignment between the core and the shell affects quantum yield, but its nature is still under debate. We systematically studied quantum yields when the shell is excited as a function of both core size and shell volume. Using time-resolved photoluminescence decay measurements and transient-absorption spectroscopy, we found that quantum yields are determined by a balance between radiative and nonradiative recombination rates, and not by single-carrier trapping. The radiative recombination rate decreases as the nanorod volume increases, independent of the core size. The results indicate that high quantum yields can be obtained only by limiting the size of the shell and point to an effective quasi-type-II band alignment for all of the nanorods in this study.
She, C.; Demortiere, A.; Shevchenko, E. V.; Pelton, M. (Center for Nanoscale Materials)
Shell Morocco | Open Energy Information
Morocco Morocco Jump to: navigation, search Logo: Shell Morocco Name Shell Morocco Address Immeuble Le Zenith II Place Casablanca, Morocco Zip 20190 Product Production and Distribution of Lubricants for motorists and industries; Storage and Distribution of Oils and LPG; Marine and Aviation; Off-Shore Exploration Year founded 1922 Phone number +212 (0) 522 972727 Website http://www.shell.com/home/cont Coordinates 38.959732°, -77.3419799° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.959732,"lon":-77.3419799,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Shell model transition densities for electron and pion scattering
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The general features of an effective interaction suitable for the calculation of cross-shell matrix elements in the /sup 16/O region are discussed. Shell-model transition densities are applied to the 1 hw excitation of non-normal parity states in light-nuclei, with /sup 13/C used as a prime example. The longitudinal form factors from such a calculation require enhancement and transverse form factors (spin-excitations) need to be quenched. The shapes of form factors also exhibit systematic discrepancies which are correlated with the discrepancies in magnitude. The problem with shapes is particularly marked for C1 form factors. It is shown that the addition of small components to the transition density, corresponding to the excitation of a single particle through two or three major shells, works in the right direction as far as both magnitude and shape are concerned and that such additions are particularly effective in the case of C1 excitations. For the transverse form factors in /sup 13/C, the use of Woods-Saxon radial wave functions leads to reductions of up to 50% compared with harmonic oscillator wave functions. The excitation of states with dominant multiparticle-multihole components, and the role played by admixtures of such configurations in low-lying states, is considered. Some of the problems associated with the use of shell-model bases extended to include high-lying configurations in the giant resonance region are pointed out. 15 refs., 15 figs., 1 tab.
Millener, D.J.
The instability of a radially accelerated cylindrical shell in a magnetic field has been investigated. It was assumed thai the shell was of infinitesimal thickness. For perturbations which do not bend the lines of the magnetic field, the growth rate was found to be w= (gk)/sup 1/2/, where g is the acceleration of the shell and k is the wavenumber. This growth rate is independent of the shell thickness. Perturbations which do bend the lines of the field were also found to be unstable. From a supplementary calculation, it was concluded that these instabilities were effective only for wavelengths greater than 8 pi a where 2a is the shell thickness. (auth)
Harris, E.G.
Shell India Pvt Ltd | Open Energy Information
India Pvt Ltd India Pvt Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Shell India Pvt. Ltd. Place New Delhi, Delhi (NCT), India Sector Services, Solar Product Delhi-based subsidiary of Royal Dutch Shell having interests in natural gas (LNG), liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), lubricants and bitumen. The firm also owns a Technology and financial shared services center. The firm is also operating in solar energy. References Shell India Pvt. Ltd.[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Shell India Pvt. Ltd. is a company located in New Delhi, Delhi (NCT), India . References ↑ "Shell India Pvt. Ltd." Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Shell_India_Pvt_Ltd&oldid=350907"
Shell boosts recovery at Kernridge
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Since acquiring the Kernridge property in December 1979, Shell Oil Co. has drilled more than 1,800 wells and steadily increased production from 42,000 to 89,000 b/d of oil. Currently, the Kernridge Production Division of Shell California Production Inc. (SCPI), a newly formed subsidiary of Shell Oil Co., is operator for the property. The property covers approximately 35,000 mostly contiguous net acres, with production concentrated mainly on about 5,500 net acres. SCPI's four major fields in the area are the North and South Belridge, Lost Hills, and Antelope Hills. Most of the production comes from the North and South Belridge fields, which were previously held by the Belridge Oil Co. Productive horizons in the fields are the Tulare, Diatomite, Brown Shale, Antelope Shale, 64 Zone, and Agua sand. The Tulare and Diatomite are the two major reservoirs SCPI is developing. The Tulare, encountered between 400 and 1,300 ft, is made up of fine- to coarse-grained, unconsolidated sands with interbedded shales and silt stones and contains 13 /sup 0/ API oil. Using steam drive as the main recovery method, SCPI estimates an ultimate recovery from the Tulare formation of about 60% of the original 1 billion barrels in place. The Diatomite horizon, found between 800 and 3,500 ft and containing light, 28 /sup 0/ API oil, has high porosity (more than 60%), low permeability (less than 1 md), and natural fractures. Because of the Diatomite's low permeability, fracture stimulation is being used to increase well productivity. SCPI anticipates that approximately 5% of the almost 2 billion barrels of oil originally in place will be recovered by primary production.
Moore, S.
Effects of Internet-based multiple-site conferences on greenhouse gas emissions
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
There is a growing consensus that ICT can contribute to the reduction of anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, both by increasing the efficiency of existing processes and by enabling substitution effects to usher in more energy efficient patterns ... Keywords: Greenhouse-gas emissions, ICT for energy efficiency, Multiple-site conference, Rebound effect, Substitution effect, Videoconferencing
Vlad C. Coroama; Lorenz M. Hilty; Martin Birtel
Material with core-shell structure
Disclosed is a material having a composite particle, the composite particle including an outer shell and a core. The core is made from a lithium alloying material and the outer shell has an inner volume that is greater in size than the core of the lithium alloying material. In some instances, the outer mean diameter of the outer shell is less than 500 nanometers and the core occupies between 5 and 99% of the inner volume. In addition, the outer shell can have an average wall thickness of less than 100 nanometers.
Luhrs, Claudia (Rio Rancho, NM); Richard, Monique N. (Ann Arbor, MI); Dehne, Aaron (Maumee, OH); Phillips, Jonathan (Rio Rancho, NM); Stamm, Kimber L. (Ann Arbor, MI); Fanson, Paul T. (Brighton, MI)
Enduring Stockpile CMM Shell Inspection Plan (U)
The slides are intended to serve as a high level summary of the CMM Shell Inspection Plan as presented to Pu Sustainment Legacy Pit Production IPT.
Montano, Joshua D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Flores, Randy A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Containing storage capacity data for crude oil, petroleum products, and selected biofuels. The report includes tables detailing working and net available shell ...
Core/Shell Nanophosphors for LED Lighting
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Symposium, Symposium H: Advanced Ceramics. Presentation Title, Core/Shell Nanophosphors for LED Lighting. Author(s), Jinkyu Han, Gustavo Hirata, Jan B�...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Turbulent dynamo phenomena, observed almost everywhere in astrophysical objects and also in the laboratory in the recent VKS2 experiment, are investigated using a shell model technique to describe magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Detailed numerical simulations at very high Rossby numbers ({alpha}{sup 2} dynamo) show that as the magnetic Reynolds number increases, the dynamo action starts working and different regimes are observed. The model, which displays different large-scale coherent behaviors corresponding to different regimes, is able to reproduce the magnetic field reversals observed both in a geomagnetic dynamo and in the VKS2 experiment. While rough quantitative estimates of typical times associated with the reversal phenomenon are consistent with paleomagnetic data, the analysis of the transition from oscillating intermittent through reversal and finally to stationary behavior shows that the nature of the reversals we observe is typical of {alpha}{sup 2} dynamos and completely different from VKS2 reversals. Finally, the model shows that coherent behaviors can also be naturally generated inside the many-mode dynamical chaotic model, which reproduces the complexity of fluid turbulence, as described by the shell technique.
Perrone, D.; Nigro, G.; Veltri, P. [Universita della Calabria, Dipartimento di Fisica and Centro Nazionale Interuniversitario Struttura della Materia, Unita di Cosenza, I-87030 Arcavacata di Rende (Italy)
Microscopic theory of multiple scattering for open shell nuclei
The scattering of a distinguishable projectile from a nucleus is considered assuming that the underlying interaction Hamiltonian is a sum of two-body potentials. The effective interaction of the projectile with the nucleus in a truncated nuclear model space can be calculated as a linked cluster expansion. The shell-model interaction is required to be an energy-independent, hermitian potential; its expression is terms of the underlying two-body potential is given by folded diagrams. The terms in the expansion of the effective projectile-nucleus interaction must also contain folded diagrams but, unlike the shell-model potential, these are energy dependent in order to describe the singularities associated with the crossing of the scattering thresholds as the projectile energy is varied. Once the effective interaction is known, elastic and inelastic scattering may be evaluated numerically by solving a finite-dimensional coupled-channel equation. 24 refs., 12 figs.
Johnson, M.B.; Singham, M.K.
A turbine includes upper and lower inner shell sections mounting the nozzles and shrouds and which inner shell is supported by pins secured to a surrounding outer shell. To disassemble the turbine for access to the inner shell sections and rotor, an alignment fixture is secured to the lower outer shell section and has pins engaging the inner shell section. To disassemble the turbine, the inner shell weight is transferred to the lower outer shell section via the alignment fixture and cradle pins. Roller assemblies are inserted through access openings vacated by support pins to permit rotation of the lower inner shell section out of and into the lower outer shell section during disassembly and assembly. The alignment fixture includes adjusting rods for adjusting the inner shell axially, vertically, laterally and about a lateral axis. A roller over-cage is provided to rotate the inner shell and a dummy shell to facilitate assembly and disassembly in the field.
Leach, David (Niskayuna, NY); Bergendahl, Peter Allen (Scotia, NY); Waldo, Stuart Forrest (Salem, NC); Smith, Robert Leroy (Milford, OH); Phelps, Robert Kim (Milford, OH)
Thick-shell nanocrystal quantum dots
Colloidal nanocrystal quantum dots comprising an inner core having an average diameter of at least 1.5 nm and an outer shell, where said outer shell comprises multiple monolayers, wherein at least 30% of the quantum dots have an on-time fraction of 0.80 or greater under continuous excitation conditions for a period of time of at least 10 minutes.
Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. (Los Alamos, NM); Chen, Yongfen (Eugene, OR); Klimov, Victor I. (Los Alamos, NM); Htoon, Han (Los Alamos, NM); Vela, Javier (Los Alamos, NM)
Refined computational models for laminated shells
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This paper presents refined computational models for non homogeneous, deep, doubly curved shells. The theory is based on a kinematical approach in which the continuity conditions for displacements and shear stresses at layer interfaces and on the bounding ... Keywords: bending-torsion warping coupling, multilayered shells, piezoelectric laminates, shear-membrane refinements, stress computations, triangular C1-C1/2 finite element
M. Touratier
Argonne CNM Highlight: Complexity in Core-Shell Nanomagnets
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Complexity in Core-Shell Nanomagnets Magnetgic hysteresis of core-shell nanoparticles (curves) Magnetic hysteresis of core-shell Fe@Fe3O4 nanoparticles at 5 K under field cooling...
Scattering Functions of Yolk-Shell Particles
The single-particle small-angle scattering properties of the yolk-shell particle, a new type of core-shell particle with a mobile core within the hosting shell, are systematically investigated. The Debye spatial autocorrelation function, pair distance distribution function and intraparticle structure factor (form factor) are calculated and compared to the corresponding scattering functions of reference systems of hard sphere and concentric core-shell particles with identical sizes. Based on our theoretical calculations, we find that the broken centrosymmetry, originating from the mobility of the trapped yolk, results in an imaginary scattering amplitude. As a result, it contributes an additional destructive interference term which smears certain features present in the scattering functions of the reference systems. Based on our theoretical models, we present the prospect of jointly using small angle neutron and x-ray scattering techniques to quantitatively determine the structural characteristics of yolk-shell particles.
Li, Xin [ORNL] [ORNL; Liu, Kao-Hsiang [National Taiwan University] [National Taiwan University; Wu, Bin [ORNL] [ORNL; Sanchez-Diaz, Luis E [ORNL] [ORNL; Smith, Gregory Scott [ORNL] [ORNL; Chen, Wei-Ren [ORNL] [ORNL
Transport and strain relaxation in wurtzite InAs-GaAs core-shell heterowires
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Indium-arsenide-gallium-arsenide (InAs-GaAs) core-shell, wurtzite nanowires have been grown on GaAs (001) substrates. The core-shell geometries (core radii 11 to 26 nm, shell thickness >2.5 nm) exceeded equilibrium critical values for strain relaxation via dislocations, apparent from transmission electron microscopy. Partial axial relaxation is detected in all nanowires increasing exponentially with size, while radial strain relaxation is >90%, but undetected in nanowires with both smaller core radii electron field-effect mobility compared to bare InAs nanowires.
Kavanagh, Karen L. [Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6 (Canada); Salfi, Joe; Savelyev, Igor; Blumin, Marina; Ruda, Harry E. [Centre for Advanced Nanotechnology, University of Toronto, 170 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E4 (Canada)
Industrial mixing techniques for Hanford double-shell tanks
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Jet mixer pumps are currently the baseline technology for sludge mobilization and mixing in one-million gallon double-shell tanks at the Hanford and Savannah River Sites. Improvements to the baseline jet mixer pump technology are sought because jet mixer pumps have moving parts that may fail or require maintenance. Moreover, jet mixers are relatively expensive, they heat the waste, and, in some cases, may not mobilize enough of the sludge. This report documents a thorough literature search for commercially available applicable mixing technologies that could be used for double-shell tank sludge mobilization and mixing. Textbooks, research articles, conference proceedings, mixing experts, and the Thomas Register were consulted to identify applicable technologies. While there are many commercial methods that could be used to mobilize sludge or mix the contents of a one-million gallon tank, few will work given the geometrical constraints (e.g., the mixer must fit through a 1.07-m-diameter riser) or the tank waste properties (e.g., the sludge has such a high yield stress that it generally does not flow under its own weight). Pulsed fluid jets and submersible Flygt mixers have already been identified at Hanford and Savannah River Sites for double-shell tank mixing applications. While these mixing technologies may not be applicable for double-shell tanks that have a thick sludge layer at the bottom (since too many of these mixers would need to be installed to mobilize most of the sludge), they may have applications in tanks that do not have a settled solids layer. Retrieval projects at Hanford and other U.S. Department of Energy sites are currently evaluating the effectiveness of these mixing techniques for tank waste applications. The literature search did not reveal any previously unknown technologies that should be considered for sludge mobilization and mixing in one-million gallon double-shell tanks.
Daymo, E.A.
Potential benefits of solar reflective car shells: Cooler cabins...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
of solar reflective car shells: Cooler cabins, fuel savings and emission reductions Title Potential benefits of solar reflective car shells: Cooler cabins, fuel savings and...
respect to new-car price are: S ? M , PV = ? mv ? 1 v 1 ? ?new vehicle prices (1987=100) (logarithm: pv). P F : Priceof ( fint ) t-1 , D7479 , and pv . The price of fuel is not
Small, Kenneth A; Van Dender, Kurt
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A development of a Python driver shell for the ORBIT simulation code is presented. The original ORBIT code uses the SuperCode shell to organize accelerator-related simulations. It is outdated, unsupported, and it is an obstacle to future code development. The necessity and consequences of replacing the old shell language are discussed. A set of core modules and extensions that are currently in PyORBIT are presented. They include particle containers, parsers for MAD and SAD lattice files, a Python wrapper for MPI libraries, space charge calculators, TEAPOT trackers, and a laser stripping extension module.
Shishlo, Andrei P [ORNL; Gorlov, Timofey V [ORNL; Holmes, Jeffrey A [ORNL
Subsiding Shells around Shallow Cumulus Clouds
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this study large-eddy simulations (LES) are used to gain more knowledge on the shell of subsiding air that is frequently observed around cumulus clouds. First, a detailed comparison between observational and numerical results is presented to ...
Thijs Heus; Harm J. J. Jonker
How are electrons placed in shells...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
a look at our Periodic Table of Elements. Let's use oxygen as an example. Oxygen's electron configuration is: 1s2 2s2 2p4 This means that the first energy level (the K-shell)...
Nuclear Quadrupole Moments and Nuclear Shell Structure
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
Describes a simple model, based on nuclear shell considerations, which leads to the proper behavior of known nuclear quadrupole moments, although predictions of the magnitudes of some quadrupole moments are seriously in error.
Townes, C. H.; Foley, H. M.; Low, W.
Hanford Single-Shell Tank Integrity Program
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Operations Contract Hanford Single Hanford Single- -Shell Shell Hanford Single Hanford Single Shell Shell Tank Integrity Tank Integrity Program Program Herbert S Berman Herbert S Berman Herbert S. Berman Herbert S. Berman July 29, 2009 July 29, 2009 1 Page 1 Tank Operations Contract Introduction * The Hanford site's principle historic mission was plutonium production for the manufacture of nuclear weapons. * Between 1944 and 1988, the site operated nine graphite- moderated light-water production reactors to irradiate moderated, light-water, production reactors to irradiate fuel and produce plutonium. * Four large chemical separations plants were run to extract plutonium from the fuel, and a variety of laboratories, support facilities, and related infrastructure to support production
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity With Data for September 2013 | Release Date: November 27, 2013 | Next Release Date: May 29, 2013 Previous Issues Year: September 2013 March 2013 September 2012 March 2012 September 2011 March 2011 September 2010 Go Containing storage capacity data for crude oil, petroleum products, and selected biofuels. The report includes tables detailing working and net available shell storage capacity by type of facility, product, and Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PAD District). Net available shell storage capacity is broken down further to show the percent for exclusive use by facility operators and the percent leased to others. Crude oil storage capacity data are also provided for Cushing, Oklahoma, an
Experimental study of upper sd shell nuclei and evolution of sd-fp shell gap
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The intruder orbitals from the fp shell play important role in the structure of nuclei around the line of stability in the upper sd shell. Experimentally we have studied {sup 35}Cl, {sup 30}P, {sup 36}Cl, {sup 37}Ar and {sup 34}Cl in this mass region using the INGA setup. Large basis cross-shell shell model calculations have indicated the need for change of the sd-fp energy gap for reliable reproduction of negative parity and high spin positive parity states. Indication of population of states of large deformation has been found in our data. Theoretical interpretation of these states has been discussed.
Sarkar, M. Saha [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata - 700064 (India)
Core-Shell Structured Magnetic Ternary Nanocubes
While transition metal-doped ferrite nanoparticles constitute an important class of soft magnetic nanomaterials with spinel structures, the ability to control the shape and composition would enable a wide range of applications in homogeneous or heterogeneous reactions such as catalysis and magnetic separation of biomolecules. This report describes novel findings of an investigation of core-shell structured MnZn ferrite nanocubes synthesized in organic solvents by manipulating the reaction temperature and capping agent composition in the absence of the conventionally-used reducing agents. The core-shell structure of the highly-monodispersed nanocubes (~20 nm) are shown to consist of an Fe3O4 core and an (Mn0.5Zn0.5)(Fe0.9, Mn1.1)O4 shell. In comparison with Fe3O4 and other binary ferrite nanoparticles, the core-shell structured nanocubes were shown to display magnetic properties regulated by a combination of the core-shell composition, leading to a higher coercivity (~350 Oe) and field-cool/zero-field-cool characteristics drastically different from many regular MnZn ferrite nanoparticles. The findings are discussed in terms of the unique core-shell composition, the understanding of which has important implication to the exploration of this class of soft magnetic nanomaterials in many potential applications such as magnetic resonance imaging, fuel cells, and batteries.
Wang, Lingyan; Wang, Xin; Luo, Jin; Wanjala, Bridgid N.; Wang, Chong M.; Chernova, Natalya; Engelhard, Mark H.; Liu, Yao; Bae, In-Tae; Zhong, Chuan-Jian
A long-standing goal of nuclear theory is to determine the properties of atomic nuclei based on the fundamental interactions among the protons and neutrons (i.e., nucleons). By adopting nucleon-nucleon (NN), three-nucleon (NNN) and higher-nucleon interactions determined from either meson-exchange theory or QCD, with couplings fixed by few-body systems, we preserve the predictive power of nuclear theory. This foundation enables tests of nature's fundamental symmetries and offers new vistas for the full range of complex nuclear phenomena. Basic questions that drive our quest for a microscopic predictive theory of nuclear phenomena include: (1) What controls nuclear saturation; (2) How the nuclear shell model emerges from the underlying theory; (3) What are the properties of nuclei with extreme neutron/proton ratios; (4) Can we predict useful cross sections that cannot be measured; (5) Can nuclei provide precision tests of the fundamental laws of nature; and (6) Under what conditions do we need QCD to describe nuclear structure, among others. Along with other ab initio nuclear theory groups, we have pursued these questions with meson-theoretical NN interactions, such as CD-Bonn and Argonne V18, that were tuned to provide high-quality descriptions of the NN scattering phase shifts and deuteron properties. We then add meson-theoretic NNN interactions such as the Tucson-Melbourne or Urbana IX interactions. More recently, we have adopted realistic NN and NNN interactions with ties to QCD. Chiral perturbation theory within effective field theory ({chi}EFT) provides us with a promising bridge between QCD and hadronic systems. In this approach one works consistently with systems of increasing nucleon number and makes use of the explicit and spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry to expand the strong interaction in terms of a dimensionless constant, the ratio of a generic small momentum divided by the chiral symmetry breaking scale taken to be about 1 GeV/c. The resulting NN and NNN interactions, characterized by the order of the expansion retained (e.g. 'next-to-next-to leading order' is NNLO), provide a high-quality fit to the NN data and the A = 3 ground-state (g.s.) properties. The derivations of NN, NNN, etc. interactions within meson-exchange and {chi}EFT are well-established but are not subjects of this review. Our focus is solution of the non-relativistic quantum many-body Hamiltonian that includes these interactions using our no core shell model (NCSM) formalism. In the next section we will briefly outline the NCSM formalism and then present applications, results and extensions in later sections.
Barrett, B R; Navratil, P; Vary, J P
Cluster aspects of p-shell and sd-shell nuclei
We report some topics on cluster structures studied by using a theoretical method of antisymmetrized molecular dynamics(AMD). Cluster features of p-shell and sd-shell nuclei are discussed. In particular, three alpha cluster structures in the excited states of {sup 12}C and {sup 14}C are focused. Dineutron correlations in neutron-rich nuclei are also discussed.
Kanada-En'yo, Y.; Kobayashi, F.; Suhara, T. [Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Kimura, M. [Creative Research Initiative ''Sousei'', Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021 (Japan); Taniguchi, Y. [RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)
The structure of exotic nuclei around N = 28 is investigated in the sd-pf shell-model space using a new effective interaction. The cross-shell part of the interaction is provided by the monopole-based universal interaction which has been successful in accounting for single-particle evolution in several mass regions. Focusing on the nuclear structure that is sensitive to the shell evolution, we show successful results for the proton-hole states in K isotopes and large deformation in {sup 42}Si. The results demonstrate that the present scheme may be a promising way for constructing an effective interaction for other mass regions.
Utsuno, Yutaka [Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (Japan); Otsuka, Takaharu [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo (Japan); National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824 (United States); Brown, B. Alex [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824 (United States); National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI 48824 (United States); Honma, Michio [Center for Mathematical Sciences, University of Aizu, Ikki-machi, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima 965-8580 (Japan); Mizusaki, Takahiro [Institute for National Sciences, Senshu University, Tokyo, 101-8425 (Japan)
Removable inner turbine shell with bucket tip clearance control
A turbine includes a plurality of inner shell sections mounting first and second stage nozzle and shroud portions. The inner shell sections are pinned to an outer containment shell formed of sections to preclude circumferential movement of the inner shell relative to the outer shell and enable thermal expansion and contraction of the inner shell relative to the outer shell. Positive bucket tip clearance control is afforded by passing a thermal medium about the inner shell in heat transfer relation with the shrouds about the first and second stage bucket tips, the thermal medium being provided from a source of heating/cooling fluid independent of the turbine. Access is provided to the rotor and turbine buckets by removing the outer and inner shell sections.
Sexton, Brendan F. (Clifton Park, NY); Knuijt, Hans M. (Niskayuna, NY); Eldrid, Sacheverel Q. (Saratoga Springs, NY); Myers, Albert (Amsterdam, NY); Coneybeer, Kyle E. (Schenectady, NY); Johnson, David Martin (Ballston Lake, NY); Kellock, Iain R. (Clifton Park, NY)
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Working and Net Available Shell Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity November 2013 With Data as of September 30, 2013 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of September 30, 2013 This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the Department of Energy or
Inner shell radial pin geometry and mounting arrangement
Circumferentially spaced arrays of support pins are disposed through access openings in an outer turbine shell and have projections received in recesses in forward and aft sections of an inner turbine shell supported from the outer shell. The projections have arcuate sides in a circumferential direction affording line contacts with the side walls of the recesses and are spaced from end faces of the recesses, enabling radial and axial expansion and contraction of the inner shell relative to the outer shell. All loads are taken up in a tangential direction by the outer shell with the support pins taking no radial loadings.
Leach, David (Niskayuna, NY); Bergendahl, Peter Allen (Scotia, NY)
A charged rotating cylindrical shell 1
We give an example of a spacetime having an infinite thin rotating cylindrical shell constituted by a charged perfect fluid as a source. As the interior of the shell the Bonnor�Melvin universe is considered, while its exterior is represented by Datta� Raychaudhuri spacetime. We discuss the energy conditions and we show that our spacetime contains closed timelike curves. Trajectories of charged test particles both inside and outside the cylinder are also examined. Expression for the angular velocity of a circular motion inside the cylinder is given.
P. Klep�?; J. Horsk�y
Optical Properties of Gold Pyramidal Shells
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We present an investigation of the optical properties of gold pyramidal shell nanoparticles. Theory shows a multiresonance spectrum at near-infrared wavelengths that is consistent with the measured extinction spectra of particles that are fabricated using a soft-lithography technique. In addition to electric dipole and electric quadrupole resonances, the calculations identify an unusual plasmon mode, which involves oscillation of the polarization perpendicular to the direction of both the incident polarization and wave vector. We show that this TE-like resonance can be suppressed by truncating the tip of the pyramid or by increasing the shell thickness without adversely affecting the in-plane dipole and quadrupole resonances.
Shuford, Kevin L [ORNL; Lee, Jeunghoon [Northwestern University, Evanston; Odom, Teri [Northwestern University, Evanston; Schatz, George C. [Northwestern University, Evanston
/sup 238/Pu surface contamination of MHW impact shell assembly
/sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ contamination of the grit blasted surface of the primary impact shell assembly (PISA) of the multi-hundred watt isotopic heat source was measured. The study determined the amount and distribution of the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ and characterization of its behavior during aging at 1350/sup 0/C. The results concluded that normal decontamination effectively removes the superficial /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ but does not extract the /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/ which is deep within the grit blasted structure. Subsequent heating results in migration of microcurie amounts of plutonium out of the grit blasted structure.
Schaeffer, D.R.; Johnson, E.W.; Sheehan, W.E.; Fleming, D.L.; Egleston, E.E.
Shell model calculation for Te and Sn isotopes in the vicinity of {sup 100}Sn
New Shell Model calculations for even-even isotopes {sup 104-108}Sn and {sup 106,108}Te, in the vicinity of {sup 100}Sn have been performed. The calculations have been carried out using the windows version of NuShell-MSU. The two body matrix elements TBMEs of the effective interaction between valence nucleons are obtained from the renormalized two body effective interaction based on G-matrix derived from the CD-bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. The single particle energies of the proton and neutron valence spaces orbitals are defined from the available spectra of lightest odd isotopes of Sb and Sn respectively.
Yakhelef, A.; Bouldjedri, A. [Physics Department, Farhat abbas University, Setif (Algeria); Physics Department, Hadj Lakhdar University, Batna (Algeria)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
M&D Professional Services, Inc. (M&D) is under subcontract to Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to perform seismic analysis of the Hanford Site double-shell tanks (DSTs) in support of a project entitled ''Double-Shell Tank (DSV Integrity Project--DST Thermal and Seismic Analyses)''. The overall scope of the project is to complete an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of record of the DST system at Hanford in support of Tri-Party Agreement Milestone M-48-14, The work described herein was performed in support of the seismic analysis of the DSTs. The thermal and operating loads analysis of the DSTs is documented in Rinker et al. (2004). The work statement provided to M&D (PNNL 2003) required that the seismic analysis of the DSTs assess the impacts of potentially non-conservative assumptions in previous analyses and account for the additional soil mass due to the as-found soil density increase, the effects of material degradation, additional thermal profiles applied to the full structure including the soil-structure response with the footings, the non-rigid (low frequency) response of the tank roof, the asymmetric seismic-induced soil loading, the structural discontinuity between the concrete tank wall and the support footing and the sloshing of the tank waste. The seismic analysis considers the interaction of the tank with the surrounding soil and the effects of the primary tank contents. The DSTs and the surrounding soil are modeled as a system of finite elements. The depth and width of the soil incorporated into the analysis model are sufficient to obtain appropriately accurate analytical results. The analyses required to support the work statement differ from previous analysis of the DSTs in that the soil-structure interaction (SSI) model includes several (nonlinear) contact surfaces in the tank structure, and the contained waste must be modeled explicitly in order to capture the fluid-structure interaction behavior between the primary tank and contained waste.
Incorporation of silica into baroplastic core-shell nanoparticles
Core-shell baroplastics are nanophase materials that exhibit pressure-induced flow at low temperatures and high pressures. Core-shell baroplastics used in this work are comprised of a low Tg poly(butyl acrylate) (PBA) core ...
Hewlett, Sheldon A
Micro- and Nano-Crystal Orientations in Shells
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Micro- and Nano-Crystal Orientations in Shells Micro- and Nano-Crystal Orientations in Shells Print Thursday, 12 April 2012 11:11 A research group from the University of Wisconsin...
System Specification for the Double Shell Tank (DST) System
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This document establishes the functional, performance, design, development, interface and test requirements for the Double-Shell Tank System.
Shape fluctuations of a spherical surfactant shell in a ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Page 1. 1 Shape fluctuations of a spherical surfactant shell in a microemulsion ... Micelles are closed shape structures where the ...
Tank characterization for Double-Shell Tank 241-AP-102
This document provides the characterization information and interprets the data for Double-Shell Tank AP-102.
DeLorenzo, D.S.; DiCenso, A.T.; Amato, L.C.; Weyns-Rollosson, M.I.; Smith, D.J. [Los Alamos Technical Associates, Inc., Kennewick, WA (United States); Simpson, B.C.; Welsh, T.L. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
In the OPERA experiment, superluminal propagation of neutrinos can occur if one of the neutrino masses is extremely small. However the effect only has appreciable amplitude at energies of order this mass and thus has negligible overlap with the multi-GeV scale of the experiment.
Tim R. Morris
Constraints for system specifications for the double-shell and single-shell tank systems
This is a supporting document for the Level 1 Double-Shell and Single-Shell System Specifications. The rationale for selection of specific regulatory constraining documents cited in the two system specifications is provided. many of the regulations have been implemented by the Project Hanford Management Contract procedures (HNF-PROs) and as such noted and traced back to their origins in State and Federal regulations.
Pseudo-Symmetry and Majorana Operators in pf-Shell
The Majorana operator of the pseudo ds-shell preserves the SU-tilde(4) symmetry, and in a unified manner it reproduces reasonably well the ground state energies of the nine nuclei in this shell. The study of {beta} decay in the same shell provides further support for the SU-tilde(4) symmetry.
Valencia, J. P.; Wu, H. C. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin (Colombia)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
M&D Professional Services, Inc. (M&D) is under subcontract to Pacific Northwest National Laboratories (PNNL) to perform seismic analysis of the Hanford Site Double-Shell Tanks (DSTs) in support of a project entitled Double-Shell Tank (DST) Integrity Project - DST Thermal and Seismic Analyses. The original scope of the project was to complete an up-to-date comprehensive analysis of record of the DST System at Hanford in support of Tri-Party Agreement Milestone M-48-14. The work described herein was performed in support of the seismic analysis of the DSTs. The thermal and operating loads analysis of the DSTs is documented in Rinker et al. (2004). Although Milestone M-48-14 has been met, Revision I is being issued to address external review comments with emphasis on changes in the modeling of anchor bolts connecting the concrete dome and the steel primary tank. The work statement provided to M&D (PNNL 2003) required that a nonlinear soil structure interaction (SSI) analysis be performed on the DSTs. The analysis is required to include the effects of sliding interfaces and fluid sloshing (fluid-structure interaction). SSI analysis has traditionally been treated by frequency domain computer codes such as SHAKE (Schnabel, et al. 1972) and SASSI (Lysmer et al. 1999a). Such frequency domain programs are limited to the analysis of linear systems. Because of the contact surfaces, the response of the DSTs to a seismic event is inherently nonlinear and consequently outside the range of applicability of the linear frequency domain programs. That is, the nonlinear response of the DSTs to seismic excitation requires the use of a time domain code. The capabilities and limitations of the commercial time domain codes ANSYS{reg_sign} and MSC Dytran{reg_sign} for performing seismic SSI analysis of the DSTs and the methodology required to perform the detailed seismic analysis of the DSTs has been addressed in Rinker et al (2006a). On the basis of the results reported in Rinker et al. (2006a), it is concluded that time-domain SSI analysis using ANSYS{reg_sign} is justified for predicting the global response of the DSTs. The most significant difference between the current revision (Revision 1) of this report and the original issue (Revision 0) is the treatment of the anchor bolts that tie the steel dome of the primary tank to the concrete tank dome.
Method of fabricating nested shells and resulting product
A multiple shell structure and a method of manufacturing such structure wherein a hollow glass microsphere is surface treated in an organosilane solution so as to render the shell outer surface hydrophobic. The surface treated glass shell is then suspended in the oil phase of an oil-aqueous phase dispersion. The oil phase includes an organic film-forming monomer, a polymerization initiator and a blowing agent. A polymeric film forms at each phase boundary of the dispersion and is then expanded in a blowing operation so as to form an outer homogeneously integral monocellular substantially spherical thermoplastic shell encapsulating an inner glass shell of lesser diameter.
Henderson, Timothy M. (Ann Arbor, MI); Kool, Lawrence B. (Ann Arbor, MI)
Assuming that the neutrinos are Majorana particles and the neutrinoless double beta (0{nu}{beta}{beta}) decay is observed, a reliable 0{nu}{beta}{beta} matrix element is necessary to decide the neutrino mass hierarchy and the minimum neutrino mass. Many nuclear structure techniques, including the shell model, are presently used to calculate these matrix elements. In the last few years one could see a slow convergence of these results, but not yet at a level of 20 several shell model effective interactions and varying other parameters, finding results in a range that spans about 20In this contribution we describe challenges for obtaining reliable shell model 0{nu}{beta}{beta} matrix elements, with emphasis to {sup 76}Ge and {sup 82}Se decays.
Horoi, Mihai [Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan, 48859 (United States)
Proton-Neutron Coupling in the Gamow Shell Model: the Lithium Chain
The shell model in the complex k-plane (the so-called Gamow Shell Model) has recently been formulated and applied to structure of weakly bound, neutron-rich nuclei. The completeness relations of Newton and Berggren, which apply to the neutron case, are strictly valid for finite-range potentials. However, for long-range potentials, such as the Coulomb potential for protons, for which the arguments based on the Mittag-Leffler theory do not hold, the completeness still needs to be demonstrated. This has been done in this paper, both analytically and numerically. The generalized Berggren relations are then used in the first Gamow Shell Model study of nuclei having both valence neutrons and protons, namely the lithium chain. The single-particle basis used is that of the Hartree-Fock-inspired potential generated by a finite-range residual interaction. The effect of isospin mixing in excited unbound states is discussed.
N. Michel; W. Nazarewicz; M. Ploszajczak
Electronic anisotropy between open shell atoms in first and second order perturbation theory
. For example, the inter- action between an oxygen atom in the 3 P ground state with a helium atom is determined by an effective potential acting in the subspace consisting of three P substates. These substates are defined in a space-fixed frame with the origin on the open shell atom. Hence, the substates are not coupled
Krems, Roman
Compact shell solitons in K field theories
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Some models providing shell-shaped static solutions with compact support (compactons) in 3+1 and 4+1 dimensions are introduced, and the corresponding exact solutions are calculated analytically. These solutions turn out to be topological solitons and may be classified as maps S{sup 3}{yields}S{sup 3} and suspended Hopf maps, respectively. The Lagrangian of these models is given by a scalar field with a nonstandard kinetic term (K field) coupled to a pure Skyrme term restricted to S{sup 2}, rised to the appropriate power to avoid the Derrick scaling argument. Further, the existence of infinitely many exact shell solitons is explained using the generalized integrability approach. Finally, similar models allowing for nontopological compactons of the ball type in 3+1 dimensions are briefly discussed.
Adam, C.; Klimas, P.; Sanchez-Guillen, J. [Departamento de Fisica de Particulas, Universidad de Santiago and Instituto Galego de Fisica de Altas Enerxias (IGFAE), E-15782 Santiago de Compostela (Spain); Wereszczynski, A. [Niels Bohr Institute, Copenhagen University, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Denmark and Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Reymonta 4, Krakow, 30-059 (Poland)
Flare Gas Recovery in Shell Canada Refineries
Two of Shell Canada's refineries have logged about six years total operating experience with modern flare gas recovery facilities. The flare gas recovery systems were designed to recover the normal continuous flare gas flow for use in the refinery fuel gas system. The system consists of liquid knock-out, compression, and liquid seal facilities. Now that the debugging-stage challenges have been dealt with, Shell Canada is more than satisfied with the system performance. A well-thought-out installation can today be safe, trouble-free, and attractive from an economic and environmental viewpoint. This paper highlights general guidelines for the sizing, design and operation of a refinery flare gas recovery facility.
Allen, G. D.; Wey, R. E.; Chan, H. H.
Understanding Nuclei in the upper sd - shell
Nuclei in the upper-$sd$ shell usually exhibit characteristics of spherical single particle excitations. In the recent years, employment of sophisticated techniques of gamma spectroscopy has led to observation of high spin states of several nuclei near A$\\simeq$ 40. In a few of them multiparticle, multihole rotational states coexist with states of single particle nature. We have studied a few nuclei in this mass region experimentally, using various campaigns of the Indian National Gamma Array setup. We have compared and combined our empirical observations with the large-scale shell model results to interpret the structure of these nuclei. Indication of population of states of large deformation has been found in our data. This gives us an opportunity to investigate the interplay of single particle and collective degrees of freedom in this mass region.
M. Saha Sarkar; Abhijit Bisoi; Sudatta Ray; Ritesh Kshetri; S. Sarkar
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Net Available Shell Storage Capacity by PAD District as of September 30, 2013 Net Available Shell Storage Capacity by PAD District as of September 30, 2013 (Thousand Barrels) Commodity In Operation Idle 1 In Operation Idle 1 In Operation Idle 1 In Operation Idle 1 In Operation Idle 1 In Operation Idle 1 Refineries Crude Oil 17,334 831 21,870 1,721 86,629 3,468 4,655 174 39,839 1,230 170,327 7,424 Fuel Ethanol 174 - 175 1 289 - 134 - 92 - 864 1 Natural Gas Plant Liquids and Liquefied Refinery Gases 2 1,267 23 11,599 382 28,865 78 641 19 2,412 23 44,784 525 Propane/Propylene (dedicated)
Production of Hydrogen from Peanut Shells
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Production of Hydrogen from Peanut Shells Production of Hydrogen from Peanut Shells The goal of this project is the production of renewable hydrogen from agricultural residues, in the near-term time frame (~three years) and at a comparable cost to existing methane reforming technologies. The hydrogen produced will be blended with CNG and used to power a bus in Albany, GA. Our strategy is to produce hydrogen from biomass pyrolysis oils in conjunction with high value co-products. Activated carbon can be made from agricultural residues in a two- stage process: (1) slow pyrolysis of biomass to produce charcoal, and (2) high temperature processing to form activated carbon. The vapor by-products from the first step can be steam reformed into hydrogen. NREL has developed the technology for bio-
New lambda Bootis stars with a shell
We publish here the second part of our spectroscopic survey at high dispersion of some known and suspected lambda Bootis stars with a view to detecting circumstellar shell features. Eight stars of our sample exhibit such features. These stars are fast rotators, a result which is in line with Holweger and Rentzsch-Holm's study (1995). The analysis of the photometric data has allowed us to confirm the exclusion of a few stars misclassified from the lambda Bootis group.
B. Hauck; D. Ballereau; J. Chauville
Hamiltonian spacetime dynamics with a spherical null-dust shell
We consider the Hamiltonian dynamics of spherically symmetric Einstein gravity with a thin null-dust shell, under boundary conditions that fix the evolution of the spatial hypersurfaces at the two asymptotically flat infinities of a Kruskal-like manifold. The constraints are eliminated via a Kuchar-type canonical transformation and Hamiltonian reduction. The reduced phase space $\\tilde\\Gamma$ consists of two disconnected copies of $R^4$, each associated with one direction of the shell motion. The right-moving and left-moving test shell limits can be attached to the respective components of right-hand-side and left-hand-side masses as configuration variables provides a global canonical chart on each component of $\\tilde\\Gamma$, and renders the Hamiltonian simple, but encodes the shell dynamics in the momenta in a convoluted way. Choosing the shell curvature radius and the "interior" mass as configuration variables renders the shell dynamics transparent in an arbitrarily specifiable stationary gauge "exterior" ...
Louko, J; Friedman, J L; Louko, Jorma; Whiting, Bernard F.; Friedman, John L.
Method and Apparatus for Pasteurizing Shell Eggs Using Radio Frequency
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Method and Apparatus for Pasteurizing Shell Eggs Using Radio Frequency Method and Apparatus for Pasteurizing Shell Eggs Using Radio Frequency Heating" Inventors..--.. Christopher D. Brunkhorst, David J. Geveke, Andrew B. W. Bigley. This disclosure is directed to a system for pasteurizing shell eggs. The system includes an egg rotating assembly structured to rotate the egg, and electrodes that are in contact with the egg. The system is structured so that, as the rotating assembly rotates the egg, radio frequency energy is directed to the egg to pasteurize it. Nearly 200 million "shell eggs" are consumed in the United States (US) each day. "Shell eggs" are non-powdered conventional eggs that are naturally produced by hens. Shell eggs are among the most nutritious foods on earth and can be part of a healthy diet. However, some unbroken, clean, fresh
Graded core/shell semiconductor nanorods and nanorod barcodes
Graded core/shell semiconductor nanorods and shaped nanorods are disclosed comprising Group II-VI, Group III-V and Group IV semiconductors and methods of making the same. Also disclosed are nanorod barcodes using core/shell nanorods where the core is a semiconductor or metal material, and with or without a shell. Methods of labeling analytes using the nanorod barcodes are also disclosed.
Alivisatos, A. Paul (Oakland, CA); Scher, Erik C. (San Francisco, CA); Manna, Liberato (Lecce, IT)
Graded core/shell semiconductor nanorods and nanorod barcodes
Graded core/shell semiconductor nanorods and shapped nanorods are disclosed comprising Group II-VI, Group III-V and Group IV semiconductors and methods of making the same. Also disclosed are nanorod barcodes using core/shell nanorods where the core is a semiconductor or metal material, and with or without a shell. Methods of labeling analytes using the nanorod barcodes are also disclosed.
Alivisatos, A. Paul; Scher, Erik C.; Manna, Liberato
Shell Solar GmbH formerly Siemens und Shell Solar GmbH | Open Energy
GmbH formerly Siemens und Shell Solar GmbH GmbH formerly Siemens und Shell Solar GmbH Jump to: navigation, search Name Shell Solar GmbH (formerly Siemens und Shell Solar GmbH) Place Munich, Bavaria, Germany Zip 80807 Sector Solar Product Manufacturer and distributor of solar energy equipment and products. Coordinates 48.136415°, 11.577531° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":48.136415,"lon":11.577531,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Nondestructive Evaluation: Structural Health Monitoring for Heat Exchanger Shells
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The heat exchanger shell is a pressure vessel that surrounds and encloses a tube bundle. The shell is susceptible to corrosion and wear, which originates from the inside of the vessel and is caused by steam impingement and flow conditions. The shells are nominally 30 to 50 ft (9.1 to 15.2 m) in length and 30 to 60 in. (76.2 to 152.4 cm) in diameter; the wall thickness is approximately 0.75 in. (1.91 cm). Ultrasonic thickness readings are currently performed on distinct regions on the shell wall to suppor...
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Revision to Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of September 30, 2010 . Crude oil storage capacity data at tank farms reported for PAD District 2 and ...
Core-Shell Type Nanowires for Electrodes of Flexible ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Abstract Scope, Highly conductive oxide core-thin anode material shell nanowire ... yet flexible electrode with large surface area and high electric conductivity,�...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
As set out ins the attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with DOE Patent Counsel, Shell Solar Systems, LP (SSI) has requested an advance waiver of domestic...
Gulf Coast (PADD 3) Shell Storage Capacity at Operable Refineries
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Propane/Propylene: 4,376: 3,520: 3,565-----1982-2013: ... Notes: Shell storage capacity is the design capacity of the tank. See Definitions, Sources, ...
Absence of Embedded Mass Shells: Cerenkov Radiation and Quantum Friction
We show that, in a model where a non-relativistic particle is coupled to a quantized relativistic scalar Bose field, the embedded mass shell of the particle dissolves in the continuum when the interaction is turned on, provided the coupling constant is sufficiently small. More precisely, under the assumption that the fiber eigenvectors corresponding to the putative mass shell are differentiable as functions of the total momentum of the system, we show that a mass shell could exist only at a strictly positive distance from the unperturbed embedded mass shell near the boundary of the energy-momentum spectrum.
W. De Roeck; J. Froehlich; A. Pizzo
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of March...
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
includes tables detailing working and net available shell storage capacity by type of facility, product, and Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PAD District). Net...
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
It includes three tables detailing working and net available shell storage capacity by facility type, product, and PAD District as of September 30, 2010.
Optimization the Preparation of Activated Carbon Form Walnut Shell ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The study supported the potentiality of comprehensive utilization of walnut shell and the ... An Experimental Investigation of a Flue Gas Recirculation System for�...
MEE 452: Example 3-2 ShellShell--andand--Tube Heat Exchanger Analysis:Tube Heat Exchanger Analysis
minmaxminmax min ,;; ,min)()( C C NTU C UA NTU TC q q q CCCcmCcmC UA CHCpCHpH #12;Tube arrangement in shell
Kostic, Milivoje M.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We investigate the influence of large-scale stellar feedback on the formation of molecular clouds in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). Examining the relationship between H I and {sup 12}CO(J = 1-0) in supergiant shells (SGSs), we find that the molecular fraction in the total volume occupied by SGSs is not enhanced with respect to the rest of the LMC disk. However, the majority of objects ({approx}70% by mass) are more molecular than their local surroundings, implying that the presence of a supergiant shell does on average have a positive effect on the molecular gas fraction. Averaged over the full SGS sample, our results suggest that {approx}12%-25% of the molecular mass in supergiant shell systems was formed as a direct result of the stellar feedback that created the shells. This corresponds to {approx}4%-11% of the total molecular mass of the galaxy. These figures are an approximate lower limit to the total contribution of stellar feedback to molecular cloud formation in the LMC, and constitute one of the first quantitative measurements of feedback-triggered molecular cloud formation in a galactic system.
Dawson, J. R.; Dickey, John M. [School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Churchill Avenue, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005 (Australia)] [School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay Campus, Churchill Avenue, Sandy Bay, TAS 7005 (Australia); McClure-Griffiths, N. M. [Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Marsfield NSW 2122 (Australia)] [Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Marsfield NSW 2122 (Australia); Wong, T. [Astronomy Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States)] [Astronomy Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 (United States); Hughes, A. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astronomie, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg (Germany)] [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Astronomie, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117, Heidelberg (Germany); Fukui, Y. [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya (Japan)] [Department of Physics and Astrophysics, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya (Japan); Kawamura, A., E-mail: email@example.com [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan)
High Rayleigh number thermal convection in volumetrically heated spherical shells
parameterizations for the average temperature of the shell and for the temperature jump across the thermal boundary properties, cores and overlying shells (e.g., silicate mantles or ice layers) of rocky planets and icy moons, including the rheology of the material, the presence of phase transitions, and the mode of heating
Tackley, Paul J.
Application to Export Electric Energy OE Doc No. EA-339-A Shell...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Energy OE Doc No. EA-339-A Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. Application from Shell Energy to export electric energy to Canada. EA-339-A Shell Energy (CN).pdf More...
EA-339-A Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. | Department of...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
North America (US), L.P. EA-339-A Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. Order authorizing Shell Energy to export electric energy to Canada. EA-339-A Shell Energy (CN).pdf...
EA-339 Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. | Department of...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
North America (US), L.P. EA-339 Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. Order authorizing Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. to export electric energy to Canada EA-339 Shell...
EA-338 Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. | Department of...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
North America (US), L.P. EA-338 Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. Order authorizing Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. to export electric energy to Mexico EA-338 Shell...
EA-338-A Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. | Department of...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Shell Energy North America (US), L.P. Order authorizing Shell Energy to export electric energy to Mexico. EA-338-A Shell Energy (MX).pdf More Documents & Publications Application...
Pemex to acquire interest in Shell Texas refinery
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This paper reports that Petroleos Mexicanos and Shell Oil Co. have signed a memorandum of understanding to form a joint refining venture involving Shell's 225,000 b/d Deer Park, Tex., refinery. Under the agreement, Mexico's state owned oil company is to purchase a 50% interest in the refinery, and Shell is to sell Pemex unleaded gasoline on a long term basis. Under the venture, Shell and Pemex plan to add undisclosed conversion and upgrading units tailored to process heavy Mexican crude. The revamp will allow Pemex to place more than 100,000 b/d of Mayan heavy crude on the U.S. market. Mayan accounts for 70% of Mexico's crude oil exports. In turn, Shell will sell Pemex as much as 45,000 b/d of unleaded gasoline to help meet Mexico's rapidly growing demand.
Not Available
Hanford double shell tank corrosion monitoring instrument tree prototype
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
High-level nuclear wastes at the Hanford site are stored underground in carbon steel double-shell and single-shell tanks (DSTs and SSTs). The installation of a prototype corrosion monitoring instrument tree into DST 241-A-101 was completed in December 1995. The instrument tree has the ability to detect and discriminate between uniform corrosion, pitting, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) through the use of electrochemical noise measurements and a unique stressed element, three-electrode probe. The tree itself is constructed of AISI 304L stainless steel (UNS S30403), with probes in the vapor space, vapor/liquid interface and liquid. Successful development of these trees will allow their application to single shell tanks and the transfer of technology to other US Department of Energy (DOE) sites. Keywords: Hanford, radioactive waste, high-level waste tanks, electrochemical noise, probes, double-shell tanks, single-shell tanks, corrosion.
Nelson, J.L.; Edgemon, G.L.; Ohl, P.C.
Stabilization of the resistive shell mode in tokamaks
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The stability of current-driven external-kink modes is investigated in a tokamak plasma surrounded by an external shell of finite electrical conductivity. According to conventional theory, the ideal mode can be stabilized by placing the shell sufficiently close to the plasma, but the non-rotating ``resistive shell mode,`` which grows on the characteristic L/R time of the shell, always persists. It is demonstrated, using both analytic and numerical techniques, that a combination of strong edge plasma rotation and dissipation somewhere inside the plasma is capable of stabilizing the resistive shell mode. This stabilization mechanism does not necessarily depend on toroidicity or presence of resonant surfaces inside the plasma.
Fitzpatrick, R.; Aydemir, A.
SPR Awards Exchange Contract to Shell Trading | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Awards Exchange Contract to Shell Trading Awards Exchange Contract to Shell Trading SPR Awards Exchange Contract to Shell Trading May 10, 2007 - 12:55pm Addthis Deliveries to Begin in August WASHINGTON, DC - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) today awarded a contract to Shell Trading for exchange of 8.7 million barrels of royalty oil produced from the Gulf Coast for crude oil meeting the quality specifications of the Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR). The exchange oil will be delivered to two SPR sites, West Hackberry, Louisiana and Bryan Mound, Texas. The offer submitted by Shell Trading represented the highest value of specification-grade oil for the Reserve. Deliveries are expected to begin in August 2007 at a modest rate of approximately 50,000 barrels per day for a period of six months. The contract terms apply royalty-in-kind exchange provisions that require
Double-shell tank waste pretreatment
Double-shell tanks contain most of the transuranic/high-level chemical processing waste generated at the Hanford Site in recent years. A small mass fraction of this waste is responsible for its characterization as transuranic/high-level waste. Pretreatment will partition the waste into a small fraction containing most of the transuranic/high-level components and a large fraction that is a low-level waste. The operations for achieving this objective include dissolution of water-soluble salts, dissolution of precipitated metal oxides in acid, clarification of the resulting dissolver liquors, transuranium element removal by solvent extraction and cesium removal by ion exchange. The primary benefit of pretreatment is a reduction in the overall cost of waste disposal.
Orme, R.M.; Appel, J.N.
A New CNT-Oriented Shell Theory
A theory of linearly elastic orthotropic shells is presented, with potential application to the continuous modeling of Carbon NanoTubes. Two relevant features are: the selected type of orthotropic response, which should be suitable to capture differences in chirality; the possibility of accounting for thickness changes due to changes in inter-wall separation to be expected in multi-wall CNTs. A simpler version of the theory is also proposed, in which orthotropy is preserved but thickness changes are excluded, intended for possible application to single-wall CNTs. Another feature of both versions of the present theory is boundary-value problems of torsion, axial traction, uniform inner pressure, and rim flexure, can be solved explicitly in closed form. Various directions of ongoing further research are indicated.
Antonino Favata; Paolo Podio-Guidugli
Energy conditions, traversable wormholes and dust shells
Firstly, we review the pointwise and averaged energy conditions, the quantum inequality and the notion of the ``volume integral quantifier'', which provides a measure of the ``total amount'' of energy condition violating matter. Secondly, we present a specific metric of a spherically symmetric traversable wormhole in the presence of a generic cosmological constant, verifying that the null and the averaged null energy conditions are violated, as was to be expected. Thirdly, a pressureless dust shell is constructed around the interior wormhole spacetime by matching the latter geometry to a unique vacuum exterior solution. In order to further minimize the usage of exotic matter, we then find regions where the surface energy density is positive, thereby satisfying all of the energy conditions at the junction surface. An equation governing the behavior of the radial pressure across the junction surface is also deduced. Lastly, taking advantage of the construction, specific dimensions of the wormhole, namely, the t...
Lobo, F S N
Double Shell Tank (DST) Utilities Specification
This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides the references to the requisite codes and standards to he applied during the design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Utilities Subsystems that support the first phase of waste feed delivery (WFD). The DST Utilities Subsystems provide electrical power, raw/potable water, and service/instrument air to the equipment and structures used to transfer low-activity waste (LAW) and high-level waste (HLW) to designated DST staging tanks. The DST Utilities Subsystems also support the equipment and structures used to deliver blended LAW and HLW feed from these staging tanks to the River Protection Project (RPP) Privatization Contractor facility where the waste will be immobilized. This specification is intended to be the basis for new projects/installations. This specification is not intended to retroactively affect previously established project design criteria without specific direction by the program.
Preparation of activated carbons from macadamia nut shell and coconut shell by air activation
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A novel, three-step process for the production of high-quality activated carbons from macadamia nut shell and coconut shell charcoals is described. In this process the charcoal is (1) heated to a high temperature (carbonized), (2) oxidized in air following a stepwise heating program from low (ca. 450 K) to high (ca. 660 K) temperatures (oxygenated), and (3) heated again in an inert environment to a high temperature (activated). By use of this procedure, activated carbons with surface areas greater than 1,000 m{sub 2}/g are manufactured with an overall yield of 15% (based on the dry shell feed). Removal of carbon mass by the development of mesopores and macropores is largely responsible for increases in the surface area of the carbons above 600 m{sub 2}/g. Thus, the surface area per gram of activated carbon can be represented by an inverse function of the yield for burnoffs between 15 and 60%. These findings are supported by mass-transfer calculations and pore-size distribution measurements. A kinetic model for gasification of carbon by oxygen, which provides for an Eley-Rideal type reaction of a surface oxide with oxygen in air, fits the measured gasification rates reasonably well over the temperature range of 550--660 K.
Tam, M.S.; Antal, M.J. Jr.
U-157: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command Injection...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
57: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command Injection Vulnerabilities U-157: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command Injection Vulnerabilities April 27,...
Systematics of {alpha}-decay half-lives around shell closures
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We present a systematic calculation of {alpha}-decay half-lives of even-even heavy and superheavy nuclei in the framework of the preformed {alpha} model. The microscopic {alpha}-daughter nuclear interaction potential is calculated by double-folding the density distributions of both {alpha} and daughter nuclei with a realistic effective Michigan three-Yukawa nucleon-nucleon interaction, and the microscopic Coulomb potential is calculated by folding the charge density distributions of the two interacting nuclei. The half-lives are found to be sensitive to the density dependence of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the implementation of the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization condition inherent in the Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin approach. The {alpha}-decay half-lives obtained agree reasonably well with the available experimental data. Moreover, the study has been extended to the newly observed superheavy nuclei. The interplay of closed-shell effects in {alpha}-decay calculations is investigated. The {alpha}-decay calculations give the closed-shell effects of known spherical magicities, Z=82 and N=126, and further predict enhanced stabilities at N=152,162, and 184 for Z=100,108, and 114, owing to the stability of parent nuclei against {alpha} decays. It is worth noting that the aim of this work is not only to reproduce the experimental data better, but also to extend our understanding of {alpha}-decay half-lives around shell closures.
Ismail, M.; Ellithi, A. Y.; Botros, M. M.; Adel, A. [Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University (Egypt)
Statistical Properties of Nuclei by the Shell Model Monte Carlo Method
We use quantum Monte Carlo methods in the framework of the interacting nuclear shell model to calculate the statistical properties of nuclei at finite temperature and/or excitation energies. With this approach we can carry out realistic calculations in much larger configuration spaces than are possible by conventional methods. A major application of the methods has been the microscopic calculation of nuclear partition functions and level densities, taking into account both correlations and shell effects. Our results for nuclei in the mass region A ~ 50 - 70 are in remarkably good agreement with experimental level densities without any adjustable parameters and are an improvement over empirical formulas. We have recently extended the shell model theory of level statistics to higher temperatures, including continuum effects. We have also constructed simple statistical models to explain the dependence of the microscopically calculated level densities on good quantum numbers such as parity. Thermal signatures of pairing correlations are identified through odd-even effects in the heat capacity.
Y. Alhassid
Local Casimir energies for a thin spherical shell
The local Casimir energy density for a massless scalar field associated with step-function potentials in a 3+1 dimensional spherical geometry is considered. The potential is chosen to be zero except in a shell of thickness {delta}, where it has height h, with the constraint h{delta}=1. In the limit of zero thickness, an ideal {delta}-function shell is recovered. In this limit, the behavior of the energy density as the surface of the shell is approached is studied in both the strong and weak coupling regimes. The former case corresponds to the well-known Dirichlet shell limit. New results, which shed light on the nature of surface divergences and on the energy contained within the shell, are obtained in the weak coupling limit, and for a shell of finite thickness. In the case of zero thickness, the energy has a contribution not only from the local energy density, but from an energy term residing entirely on the surface. It is shown that the latter coincides with the integrated local energy density within the shell. We also study the dependence of local and global quantities on the conformal parameter. In particular new insight is provided on the reason for the divergence in the global Casimir energy in third order in the coupling.
Cavero-Pelaez, Ines; Milton, Kimball A.; Wagner, Jeffrey [Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019-2061 (United States)
Parity Dependent Shell Model Level Densities for Nuclear Astrophysics
Recently, we developed a methodology [1-4] of calculating the spin and parity dependent shell model nuclear level density, which is a very useful ingredient in the Huaser-Feshbach theory for calculating reaction rates for nuclear astrophysics[5]. We developed new techniques based on nuclear statistical spectroscopy [6] to calculate the spin and parity projected moments of the nuclear shell model Hamiltonian, that can be further used to obtain an accurate description of the nuclear level density up to about 15 MeV excitation energy. These techniques were fully tested for the sd-shell nuclei and some light f p-shell nuclei, by comparing with the level density obtained from exact shell model diagonalization. Here we present for the first time comparisons with the exact shell model diagonalization for nuclei heavier than 56 Ni, in a model space spanned by the f 5/2, p 3/2, p 1/2 and g 9/2 orbits. The ratio of nuclear level densities of opposite parities is also discussed. This analysis was possible due to a new and very efficient nuclear shell model code [7] that can provide a large number of states of given spin and parity. PoS(NIC X)132
Mike Scott; Mihai Horoi; Mike Scott
Thin-shell wormholes from regular charged black holes
We investigate a new thin-shell wormhole constructed by surgically grafting two regular charged black holes arising from the action using nonlinear electrodynamics coupled to general relativity. The stress-energy components within the shell violate the null and weak energy conditions but obey the strong energy condition. We study the stability in two ways: (i) taking a specific equation of state at the throat and (ii) analyzing the stability to linearized spherically symmetric perturbations about a static equilibrium solution. Various other aspects of this thin-shell wormhole are also analyzed.
F. Rahaman; K A Rahman; Sk. A Rakib; Peter K. F. Kuhfittig
Photoionization of hydrogenlike ions surrounded by a charged spherical shell
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Within the framework of a model of a hollow atom as a hydrogenlike multicharged ion located at the center of a spherical shell formed by highly excited electrons, the photoionization cross sections of the inner 1s level of the ion have been calculated. The results show that the existence of the outer electronic shell of the hollow atom results in oscillations in the energy dependence of the photoionization cross section. It has been demonstrated also that the photoionization cross section as a function of photon energy is extremely sensitive to the magnitude of the discontinuity of the electric field at the surface of the outer electronic shell.
Baltenkov, A. S. [Arifov Institute of Electronics, 100125, Tashkent (Uzbekistan); Manson, S. T. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303 (United States); Msezane, A. Z. [Center for Theoretical Studies of Physical Systems, Clark Atlanta University, Atlanta, Georgia 30314 (United States)
Doc.384, 'Lali drums/gongs and davui shell trumpets'
lali drums/gongs and davui shell trumpets Translation of title Description (to be used in archive entry) Lali drum/gong beats and davui triton-shell trumpets, recorded at Serua Island in July 1957. 12 min 42 seconds. 1) Lali ni soqo ni vaka turaga... Fijian Musical instruments and / or other objects used in performance Lali drums/gongs, davui shell trumpets Level of public access (fully closed, fully open) Fully open last updated on Monday, 4 April 2011 Notes and context (include reference...
Roth, George Kingsley
Energy transfers in shell models for MHD turbulence
A systematic procedure to derive shell models for MHD turbulence is proposed. It takes into account the conservation of ideal quadratic invariants such as the total energy, the cross-helicity and the magnetic helicity as well as the conservation of the magnetic energy by the advection term in the induction equation. This approach also leads to simple expressions for the energy exchanges as well as to unambiguous definitions for the energy fluxes. When applied to the existing shell models with nonlinear interactions limited to the nearest neighbour shells, this procedure reproduces well known models but suggests a reinterpretation of the energy fluxes.
T. Lessinnes; M. K. Verma; D. Carati
Letter to the editor/Shell treats LPG
In response to an article on the MALAPROP process Shell International Petroleum Mij. B.V. notes that Shell's Adip process has gained a solid position world-wide in economically treating very large amounts of LPG for the removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbonyl sulfide. Most Shell refineries are equipped with the Adip process, which cumulatively treates approx. 7000 tons/day of LPG. Middle East LPG facilities designed for the Arabian American Oil Co. treat 30,000 tons/day, and an additional 16,000 will come on stream in Jan. 1983. The removal of carbonyl sulfide to a few parts-per-million is easy.
This paper describes the current level of understanding of the suspension of solids in Hanford double-shell waste tanks while being mixed with the baseline configuration of two 300-horsepower mixer pumps. A mixer pump test conducted in Tank AZ-101 during fiscal year 2000 provided the basis for this understanding. Information gaps must be filled to demonstrate the capability of the baseline feed delivery system to effectively mix, sample, and deliver double-shell tank waste to the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) for vitrification.
Wells, Beric E.; Ressler, Jennifer J.
Large scale shell model calculations for even-even $^{62-66}$Fe isotopes
The recently measured experimental data of Legnaro National Laboratories on neutron rich even isotopes of $^{62-66}$Fe with A=62,64,66 have been interpreted in the framework of large scale shell model. Calculations have been performed with a newly derived effective interaction GXPF1A in full $\\it{fp}$ space without truncation. The experimental data is very well explained for $^{62}$Fe, satisfactorily reproduced for $^{64}$Fe and poorly fitted for $^{66}$Fe. The increasing collectivity reflected in experimental data when approaching N=40 is not reproduced in calculated values. This indicates that whereas the considered valence space is adequate for $^{62}$Fe, inclusion of higher orbits from $\\it{sdg}$ shell is required for describing $^{66}$Fe.
P. C. Srivastava; I. Mehrotra
Approximate analysis of the temperature induced stresses and deformations of composite shells
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this paper simple formulas are presented which can be used to estimate the response of composite plates and shells to hygrothermal loads. The layup of the shell can be arbitrary (i.e., it can be symmetric or unsymmetric, balanced or unbalanced). The formulas serve two purposes. First, they can be used to calculate directly the stresses, strains, and displacements caused by a temperature and a moisture gradient. Second, the formulas can be used to determine the 'effective' thermal and moisture expansion coefficients which are the parameters needed in more accurate numerical (FEM) calculations. The accuracies of the approximate formulas were assessed by sample problems. In these problems the hygrothermal deformations of cylinders and cylindrical segments were calculated by the present approximate formulas and by an exact, three-dimensional analysis. The results of the exact and approximate methods were compared. These comparisons showed that the approximate formulas yield the deformations with a high degree of accuracy. 18 refs.
Kollar, L.P. (Stanford Univ., Stanford, CA (United States))
Energy conditions, traversable wormholes and dust shells
Firstly, we review the pointwise and averaged energy conditions, the quantum inequality and the notion of the ``volume integral quantifier'', which provides a measure of the ``total amount'' of energy condition violating matter. Secondly, we present a specific metric of a spherically symmetric traversable wormhole in the presence of a generic cosmological constant, verifying that the null and the averaged null energy conditions are violated, as was to be expected. Thirdly, a pressureless dust shell is constructed around the interior wormhole spacetime by matching the latter geometry to a unique vacuum exterior solution. In order to further minimize the usage of exotic matter, we then find regions where the surface energy density is positive, thereby satisfying all of the energy conditions at the junction surface. An equation governing the behavior of the radial pressure across the junction surface is also deduced. Lastly, taking advantage of the construction, specific dimensions of the wormhole, namely, the throat radius and the junction interface radius, and estimates of the total traversal time and maximum velocity of an observer journeying through the wormhole, are also found by imposing the traversability conditions.
Francisco S. N. Lobo
Casimir interactions of an object inside a spherical metal shell
We investigate the electromagnetic Casimir interactions of an object contained within an otherwise empty, perfectly conducting spherical shell. For a small object we present analytical calculations of the force, which is ...
Zaheer, Saad
Double Shell Tank (DST) Monitor and Control Subsystem Specification
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This specification revises the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Monitor and Control Subsystem that supports the first phase of Waste Feed Delivery.
Double Shell Tank (DST) Process Waste Sampling Subsystem Specification
This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied to the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Process Waste Sampling Subsystem which supports the first phase of Waste Feed Delivery.
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
CH-1345 As set out in the attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with DOE Patent Counsel, Shell Solar Industries LP (SSI) has requested an advance waiver of...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
As set out in the attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with DOE, Shell Solar Industries, LP (SSI) has requested an advance waiver of domestic and foreign patent...
String Gas Shells, their Dual Radiation and Hedgehog Signature Control
We search for spherically symmetric, stationary solutions with a string gas shell as a source. The requirement of a uniform newtonian potential, or constancy of the 00 component of the metric, implies the existence of a "dual" radiation, which we argue can be interpreted as representing the virtual quantum fluctuations that stabilize the shell. A string hedgehog can be introduced also into the solution. For zero or small hedgehog strength the string gas shell is of a regular nature, while the dual radiation is of a spacelike nature. For higher hedgehog strengths however the radiation "materializes" and becomes timelike while the string gas shell becomes space like. The significance of these solutions for the quantum theory is discussed.
E. I. Guendelman
Mineral processing techniques for recycling investment casting shell
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The Albany Research Center of the U.S. Department of Energy used materials characterization and minerals beneficiation methods to separate and beneficially modify spent investment-mold components to identify recycling opportunities and minimize environmentally sensitive wastes. The physical and chemical characteristics of the shell materials were determined and used to guide bench-scale research to separate reusable components by mineral-beneficiation techniques. Successfully concentrated shell materials were evaluated for possible use in new markets.
Dahlin, Cheryl L.; Nilsen, David N.; Dahlin, David C.; Hunt, Alton H.; Collins, W. Keith
Functional Analysis for Double Shell Tank (DST) Subsystems
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This functional analysis identifies the hierarchy and describes the subsystem functions that support the Double-Shell Tank (DST) System described in HNF-SD-WM-TRD-007, System Specification for the Double-Shell Tank System. Because of the uncertainty associated with the need for upgrades of the existing catch tanks supporting the Waste Feed Delivery (WFD) mission, catch tank functions are not addressed in this document. The functions identified herein are applicable to the Phase 1 WFD mission only.
OAK-B135 Deuterium (D{sub 2}) filled glass shells coated with a high Z element are needed for high energy density (HED) experiments by researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory. They report here on our initial attempt to produce such shells. Glass shells made using the drop tower technique were coated with gold, palladium or tungsten, or a mixture of two of these elements. It was found that gold and palladium coatings did not stick well to the glass and resulted in poor or delaminated films. Tungsten coatings resulted in films suitable for these targets. Bouncing of shells during coating resulted in uniform tungsten coatings, but the surface of such coatings were filled with small nodules. Proper agitation of shells using a tapping technique resulted in smooth films with minimal particulate contamination. For coating rates of {approx} 0.15 {micro}m/hr coatings with {approx} 2 nm RMS surface finish could be deposited. The surface roughness of coatings at higher rates, 0.7 {micro}m/hr, was considerably worse ({approx} 100 nm RMS). The columnar structure of the coatings allowed permeation filling of the tungsten coated glass shells with deuterium at 300 C.
Effects of Bulk Viscosity in Non-linear Bubble Dynamics
The non-linear bubble dynamics equations in a compressible liquid have been modified considering the effects of compressibility of both the liquid and the gas at the bubble interface. A new bubble boundary equation has been derived, which includes a new term resulted from the liquid bulk viscosity effects. The influence of this term has been numerically investigated considering the effects of water vapor and chemical reactions on the bubble evolution. The results clearly indicate that the new term has an important damping role at the collapse, so that its consideration decreases the amplitude of the bubble rebounds after the collapse. This damping feature is more remarkable for higher deriving pressures.
Moshaii, A; Taeibi-Rahni, M; Moshaii, Ahmad; Sadighi-Bonabi, Rasool; Taeibi-Rahni, Mohammad
High Level Waste Feed Certification in Hanford Double Shell Tanks
The ability to effectively mix, sample, certify, and deliver consistent batches of High Level Waste (HLW) feed from the Hanford Double Shell Tanks (DST) to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) presents a significant mission risk with potential to impact mission length and the quantity of HLW glass produced. DOE�s River Protection Project (RPP) mission modeling and WTP facility modeling assume that individual 3785 cubic meter (1 million gallon) HLW feed tanks are homogenously mixed, representatively sampled, and consistently delivered to the WTP. It has been demonstrated that homogenous mixing of HLW sludge in Hanford DSTs is not likely achievable with the baseline design thereby causing representative sampling and consistent feed delivery to be more difficult. Inconsistent feed to the WTP could cause additional batch to batch operational adjustments that reduces operating efficiency and has the potential to increase the overall mission length. The Hanford mixing and sampling demonstration program will identify DST mixing performance capability, will evaluate representative sampling techniques, and will estimate feed batch consistency. An evaluation of demonstration program results will identify potential mission improvement considerations that will help ensure successful mission completion. This paper will discuss the history, progress, and future activities that will define and mitigate the mission risk.
Thien, Micheal G.; Wells, Beric E.; Adamson, Duane J.
Cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky vs the spherical shell model: A comparative study of pf-shell nuclei
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A comparative study is performed of a deformed mean field theory, represented by the cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky (CNS) model and the spherical shell model. Energy spectra, occupation numbers, B(E2) values, and spectroscopic quadrupole moments in the light pf-shell nuclei are calculated in the two models and compared. The result is also compared to available experimental data which are generally well described by the shell model. Although the Nilsson-Strutinsky calculation does not include pairing, both the subshell occupation numbers and quadrupole properties are found to be rather similar in the two models. It is also shown that 'unpaired' shell model calculations produce energies similar to those from the CNS. The role of the pairing energy in the description of backbending and signature splitting in odd-mass nuclei is also discussed.
Juodagalvis, Andrius [Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astronomy, A. Gostauto St. 12, LT-01108 Vilnius (Lithuania); Ragnarsson, Ingemar; Angstromberg, Sven [Mathematical Physics, Lund Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 118, S-22100 Lund (Sweden)
Converging sequences in the ab initio no-core shell model
We demonstrate the existence of multiple converging sequences in the ab initio no-core shell model. By examining the underlying theory of effective operators, we expose the physical foundations for the alternative pathways to convergence. This leads us to propose a revised strategy for evaluating effective interactions for $A$-body calculations in restricted model spaces. We suggest that this strategy is particularly useful for applications to nuclear processes in which states of both parities are used simultaneously, such as for transition rates. We demonstrate the utility of our strategy with large-scale calculations in light nuclei.
C. Forss�n; J. P. Vary; E. Caurier; P. Navr�til
Stress evaluation of the primary tank of a double-shell underground storage tank facility
A facility called the Multi-Function Waste Tank Facility (MWTF) is being designed at the Department of Energy`s Hanford site. The MWTF is expected to be completed in 1998 and will consist of six underground double-shell waste storage tanks and associated systems. These tanks will provide safe and environmentally acceptable storage capacity to handle waste generated during single-shell and double-shell tank safety mitigation and remediation activities. This paper summarizes the analysis and qualification of the primary tank structure of the MWTF, as performed by ICF Kaiser Hanford during the latter phase of Title 1 (Preliminary) design. Both computer finite element analysis (FEA) and hand calculations methods based on the so-called Tank Seismic Experts Panel (TSEP) Guidelines were used to perform the analysis and evaluation. Based on the evaluations summarized in this paper, it is concluded that the primary tank structure of the MWTF satisfies the project design requirements. In addition, the hand calculations performed using the methodologies provided in the TSEP Guidelines demonstrate that, except for slosh height, the capacities exceed the demand. The design accounts for the adverse effect of the excessive slosh height demand, i.e., inadequate freeboard, by increasing the hydrodynamic wall and roof pressures appropriately, and designing the tank for such increased pressures.
Atalay, M.B. [ICF Kaiser Engineers, Inc., Oakland, CA (United States); Stine, M.D. [ICF Kaiser Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States); Farnworth, S.K. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Paleogene cooling (55-30 MA) as inferred from oxygen isotope variation within mollusc shells
Paleogene cooling (c. 50-30 Ma) started sometime in the early-middle Eocene. This was a time when high-latitude and deep-sea temperatures were significantly warmer than today. This cooling culminated during the earliest Oligocene marked by the sudden appearance of a major continental glacier on Antarctica. We examine this cooling trend by analyzing oxygen isotope variation within mollusc shells from the Gulf Coastal Plain of the southern U.S. Our records show a secular cooling trend of mean annual temperature (MAT) in the Mississippi Embayment from an early Eocene tropical climate (26-27 ?C), with a seasonal temperature range (seasonality) of ~6 ?C, to an Oligocene paratropical climate (22-23?C) with an seasonality of ~8 ?C. These temperature records agree well with terrestrial climate proxies. This secular cooling trend, combined with sea-level change, was likely one of the major causes of molluscan turnover in the Mississippi Embayment to cool-tolerant taxa along the Paleogene cooling. Winter temperatures steadily decreased from the middle Eocene to early Oligocene. This contrasts with the sudden winter cooling at Eocene-Oligocene boundary proposed by Ivany et al. (2000). We examined seasonal temperature distribution of the modern marine shelf of the present northern U.S. Gulf Coast. A deeper water temperature model fits well with isotopic temperature profiles derived from fossils shells of the Red Bluff and Yazoo Formations shells, consistent with the paleobathymetry estimates inferred from independent proxies. This reveals that depth effect is one of the major factors controlling seasonality recorded in mollusc shells, resulting in decreasing MAT estimates when temperature stratification exists as in the present ocean. Warm Eocene low-latitude temperatures derived from molluscan oxygen isotope data agree with computer modeling results incorporating higher greenhouse gas concentrations. This supports the contention that the major reason for warm earth climate is elevated concentration of the greenhouse gases, giving a new insight for future climate response to anthropogenic CO? increase.
Kobashi, Takuro
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Heteroshape-heteroscale structure of silica-shelled Ga microball-nanotube was fabricated. Under in situ electron-beam irradiation, an abnormally large and fast expansion of Ga was observed. Failed by a sole routine heating effect of electron-beam, the expansion was explained by an electric-hydraulic expansion effect taking into account a huge inner pressure induced by the repelling Coulomb force of positively charged Ga ions on the Ga microball surface. The ions were accumulated due to knocking-out of Ga electrons under irradiation and shielding effect of a silica shell which prevents the charge balance restoration. A circuit model is proposed to calculate the accumulation of Ga ions.
Gao, Y. H.; Sun, M.; Su, J. [Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics (WNLO), School of Physics, College of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST), LuoyuRoad 1037, Wuhan 430074 (China); Zhi, C. Y.; Golberg, D.; Bando, Y. [International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Namiki 1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044 (Japan); Duan, X. F. [Institute of Physics, Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China)
Overview of Hanford Single Shell Tank (SST) Structural Integrity - 14023
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
To improve the understanding of the single-shell tanks (SSTs) integrity, Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS), the USDOE Hanford Site tank contractor, developed an enhanced Single-Shell Tank Integrity Project (SSTIP) in 2009. An expert panel on SST integrity, consisting of various subject matters experts in industry and academia, was created to provide recommendations supporting the development of the project. This panel developed 33 recommendations in four main areas of interest: structural integrity, liner degradation, leak integrity and prevention, and mitigation of contamination migration, Seventeen of these recommendations were used to develop the basis for the M-45-10-1 Change Package for the Hanford Federal Agreement and Compliance Order, which is also known as the Tri-Party Agreement. The structural integrity of the tanks is a key element in completing the cleanup mission at the Hanford Site. There are eight primary recommendations related to the structural integrity of Hanford Single-Shell Tanks. Six recommendations are being implemented through current and planned activities. The structural integrity of the Hanford is being evaluated through analysis, monitoring, inspection, materials testing, and construction document review. Structural evaluation in the form of analysis is performed using modern finite element models generated in ANSYS. The analyses consider in-situ, thermal, operating loads and natural phenomena such as earthquakes. Structural analysis of 108 of 149 Hanford Single-Shell Tanks has concluded that the tanks are structurally sound and meet current industry standards. Analysis of the remaining Hanford Single-Shell Tanks is scheduled for FY2014. Hanford Single-Shell Tanks are monitored through a dome deflection program. The program looks for deflections of the tank dome greater than ? inch. No such deflections have been recorded. The tanks are also subjected to visual inspection. Digital cameras record the interior surface of the concrete tanks, looking for cracks and other surface conditions that may indicate signs of structural distress. The condition of the concrete and rebar of the Hanford Single-Shell Tanks is currently being tested and planned for additional activities in the near future. Concrete and rebar removed from the dome of a 65 year old tank was tested for mechanics properties and condition. Results indicated stronger than designed concrete with additional Petrographic examination and rebar completed. Material properties determined from previous efforts combined with current testing and construction document review will help to generate a database that will provide indication of Hanford Single-Shell Tank structural integrity.
Rast, Richard S.; Washenfelder, Dennis J.; Johnson, Jeremy M.
Off-Shell Behavior of Nucleon Self-Energy in Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
The off-shell behavior of the nucleon self-energy in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter is investigated within the framework of relativistic Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach based on projection techniques. The dependence of the Dirac components of the self-energy on momentum as well as energy is evaluated for symmetric as well as asymmetric nuclear matter. Special attention is paid to the various contributions to the momentum dependence of the real and imaginary part of the optical potential. The consequences to the different definitions of the effective nucleon mass and particle spectral functions are discussed.
E. N. E. van Dalen; H. M�ther
Application to Export Electric Energy OE Doc No. EA-339-A Shell...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
(US), L.P.: Federal Register Notice, Volume 78, No. 45 - March 7, 2013 Application from Shell Energy to export electric energy to Canada. Federal Register Notice. EA-339-A Shell...
Tss4U BV formerly Holecsol R S Renewable Energy Systems and Shell...
Tss4U BV formerly Holecsol R S Renewable Energy Systems and Shell Solar Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Tss4U BV (formerly Holecsol, R&S Renewable Energy Systems and Shell...
Final Report Fermionic Symmetries and Self consistent Shell Model
In this final report in the field of theoretical nuclear physics we note important accomplishments.We were confronted with "anomoulous" magnetic moments by the experimetalists and were able to expain them. We found unexpected partial dynamical symmetries--completely unknown before, and were able to a large extent to expain them.The importance of a self consistent shell model was emphasized.
Larry Zamick
Thermodynamics of a collapsing shell in an expanding Universe
We describe the quasi-static collapse of a radiating, spherical shell of matter in de Sitter space-time using a thermodynamical formalism. It is found that the specific heat at constant area and other thermodynamical quantities exhibit singularities related to phase transitions during the collapse.
G. L. Alberghi; R. Casadio; G. Venturi
Assembly of ordered carbon shells on semiconducting nanomaterials
In some embodiments of the invention, encapsulated semiconducting nanomaterials are described. In certain embodiments the nanostructures described are semiconducting nanomaterials encapsulated with ordered carbon shells. In some aspects a method for producing encapsulated semiconducting nanomaterials is disclosed. In some embodiments applications of encapsulated semiconducting nanomaterials are described.
Sutter, Eli Anguelova; Sutter, Peter Werner
Tksh: a Tcl library for KornShell
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This paper describes Tksh, an implementation of the Tcl C library written on top of the library for the new KornShell (ksh93). Tksh emulates the behavior of Tcl by using the API that is provided for extending ksh93, which is similar to the Tcl library ...
Jeffrey Korn
Coupling water and smoke to thin deformable and rigid shells
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We present a novel method for solid/fluid coupling that can treat infinitesimally thin solids modeled by a lower dimensional triangulated surface. Since classical solid/fluid coupling algorithms rasterize the solid body onto the fluid grid, an entirely ... Keywords: cloth, rigid bodies, shells, smoke, water
Eran Guendelman; Andrew Selle; Frank Losasso; Ronald Fedkiw
Fabrication of magnetite/silica/titania core-shell nanoparticles
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2 core-shell nanoparticles were synthesized via a sol-gel method with the aid of sonication. Fe3O4 nanoparticles were being encapsulated within discrete silica nanospheres, ...
Suh Cem Pang; Sze Yun Kho; Suk Fun Chin
Casimir energy of a spherical shell in $?-$Minkowski spacetime
We study the Casimir energy of a spherical shell of radius $a$ in $\\kappa$-Minkowski spacetime for a complex field with an asymmetric ordering and obtain the energy up to $O(1/\\kappa^2)$. We show that the vacuum breaks particle and anti-particle symmetry if one requires the spectra to be consistent with the blackbody radiation at the commutative limit.
Hyeong-Chan Kim; Chaiho Rim; Jae Hyung Yee
Double-shell tank waste retrieval survey package
Westinghouse Hanford Company is seeking industry solutions to underground double-shell tank waste retrieval at the Hanford Site located in southeastern Washington. This is not a request for proposals; it is a request for information to facilitate continued discussion. Westinghouse Hanford Company will not reimburse any costs incurred for providing the information requested.
Berglin, E.J.
Mixer pump test plan for double shell tank AZ-101
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Mixer pump systems have been chosen as the method for retrieval of tank wastes contained in double shell tanks at Hanford. This document describes the plan for testing and demonstrating the ability of two 300 hp mixer pumps to mobilize waste in tank AZ-101. The mixer pumps, equipment and instrumentation to monitor the test were installed by Project W-151.
Organized thiol functional groups in mesoporous core shell colloids
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The co-condensation in situ of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as a template results in the synthesis of multilayered mesoporous structured SiO{sub 2} colloids with 'onion-like' chemical environments. Thiol groups were anchored to an inner selected SiO{sub 2} porous layer in a bilayered core shell particle producing different chemical regions inside the colloidal layered structure. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) shows a preferential anchoring of the -SH groups in the double layer shell system, while porosimetry and simple chemical modifications confirm that pores are accessible. We can envision the synthesis of interesting colloidal objects with defined chemical environments with highly controlled properties. - Graphical abstract: Mesoporous core shell SiO{sub 2} colloids with organized thiol groups. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Double shell mesoporous silica colloids templated with CTAB. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Sequential deposition of mesoporous SiO{sub 2} layers with different chemistries. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer XPS shows the selective functionalization of mesoporous layers with thiol groups.
Marchena, Martin H. [Gerencia Quimica, Centro Atomico Constituyentes, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), Avda. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA Buenos Aires (Argentina); Granada, Mara [Centro Atomico Bariloche-CNEA, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina); Instituto Balseiro-Centro Atomico Bariloche-CNEA, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400 (Argentina); Bordoni, Andrea V. [Gerencia Quimica, Centro Atomico Constituyentes, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), Avda. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA Buenos Aires (Argentina); Joselevich, Maria [Asociacion Civil Expedicion Ciencia, Cabrera 4948, C1414BGP Buenos Aires (Argentina); Troiani, Horacio [Centro Atomico Bariloche-CNEA, 8400 San Carlos de Bariloche (Argentina); Instituto Balseiro-Centro Atomico Bariloche-CNEA, San Carlos de Bariloche 8400 (Argentina); Williams, Federico J. [DQIAQyF-INQUIMAE FCEN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, Pabellon II, C1428EHA Buenos Aires (Argentina); Wolosiuk, Alejandro, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Gerencia Quimica, Centro Atomico Constituyentes, Comision Nacional de Energia Atomica (CNEA), Avda. Gral. Paz 1499, B1650KNA Buenos Aires (Argentina)
Shell Future Fuels and CO2 | Open Energy Information
Shell Future Fuels and CO2 Shell Future Fuels and CO2 Jump to: navigation, search Name Shell Future Fuels and CO2 Place Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom Zip G1 9BG Sector Hydro, Hydrogen Product UK-based division of Shell's Oil Products business active in the hydrogen & CCS sectors as a developer of technology. Coordinates 55.857809°, -4.242511° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":55.857809,"lon":-4.242511,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Shell-armored wood cobbles as a potential criterion for detrital coal deposits
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Shell-armored wood cobbles occur on detrital-peat beaches along the seaward edge of the Mississippi Delta. Shell material consists exclusively of Mulinia lateralis, a dwarf surf clam. Soft, heavy, waterlogged wood fragments are abraded and become armored by hard shells in response to wave activity on the beach. Although their preservation potential is suspect, fossilized shell-armored wood clasts would probably be recognized as a type of coal ball and might indicate an allochthonous origin for the host coal.
DiMarco, M.J.; Nummedal, D.
We present a study of the shells (and bubbles) in the Perseus molecular cloud using the COMPLETE survey large-scale {sup 12}CO(1-0) and {sup 13}CO(1-0) maps. The 12 shells reported here are spread throughout most of the Perseus cloud and have circular or arc-like morphologies with a range in radius of about 0.1-3 pc. Most of them have not been detected before most likely because maps of the region lacked the coverage and resolution needed to distinguish them. The majority of the shells are coincident with infrared nebulosity of similar shape and have a candidate powering source near the center. We suggest that they are formed by the interaction of spherical or very wide angle winds powered by young stars inside or near the Perseus molecular cloud-a cloud that is commonly considered to be forming mostly low-mass stars. Two of the 12 shells are powered by high-mass stars close to the cloud, while the others appear to be powered by low- or intermediate-mass stars in the cloud. We argue that winds with a mass loss rate of about 10{sup -8} to 10{sup -6} M{sub Sun} yr{sup -1} are required to produce the observed shells. Our estimates indicate that the energy input rate from these stellar winds is similar to the turbulence dissipation rate. We conclude that in Perseus the total energy input from both collimated protostellar outflows and powerful spherical winds from young stars is sufficient to maintain the turbulence in the molecular cloud. Large-scale molecular line and IR continuum maps of a sample of clouds will help determine the frequency of this phenomenon in other star-forming regions.
Arce, Hector G. [Department of Astronomy, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520 (United States); Borkin, Michelle A. [School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Goodman, Alyssa A. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Pineda, Jaime E. [ESO, 85748 Garching (Germany); Beaumont, Christopher N., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 (United States)
Polarimetric Remote Sensing in the Visible to Near Infrared James R. Shell II
Polarimetric Remote Sensing in the Visible to Near Infrared by James R. Shell II B.S. Physics Title of Dissertation: Polarimetric Remote Sensing in the Visible to Near Infrared I, James R. Shell II Remote Sensing in the Visible to Near Infrared by James R. Shell II Submitted to the Chester F. Carlson
Salvaggio, Carl
Bimetallic IrNi Core Platinum Monolayer Shell Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
We synthesized a low-Pt content electrocatalyst consisting of a Pt monolayer placed on carbon-supported thermally treated IrNi core-shell structured nanoparticles using galvanic displacement of a Cu monolayer deposited at underpotentials. The Pt mass activity of the Pt{sub ML}/IrNi/C electrocatalyst obtained in a scale-up synthesis is approximately 3 times higher than that of the commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst. The electronic and geometrical effects of the IrNi substrate on the Pt monolayer result in its higher catalytic activity than that of Pt nanoparticles. The structure and composition of the core-shell nanoparticles were verified using transmission electron microscopy and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy, while a potential cycling test was employed to confirm the stability of the electrocatalyst. Our experimental results, supported by the density functional calculations using a sphere-like model, demonstrate an effective way of using Pt that can resolve key problems of cathodic oxygen reduction hampering fuel cell commercialization.
Kuttiyiel K. A.; Sasaki, K.; Choi, Y.M.; Su, D.; Liu, P.; Adzic, R.R.
Experimental shellside flow visualization in a shell and tube heat exchanger
Shell and tube heat exchangers are an extremely effective and mechanically feasible method of transferring thermal energy between two fluids. There is great demand for effective design methods capable of producing highly efficient models. To further improve efficiency, there must be an increased understanding of the physics of shellside flow at a local level. To accomplish this end, an experimental investigation was conducted to obtain flow visualization and internal local pressure drop information in the shellside flow. A scale-model shell and tube heat exchanger with an outer diameter of 30.5 cm and a length of 61 cm was designed and constructed out of acrylic. Water was utilized as the working fluid and flowrates ranging from 0.32 to 2.21 L/s were studied. Flow visualization photographs confirmed the existence of leakage streams and recirculation zones. Anomalous vortices were also detected under certain circumstances. Global experimental pressure drops were in good agreement with values predicted from other methods. Local internal pressure dro s were also recorded for the first time and were in good agreement with what would be expected from conventional theory.
Fischer, Matthew Winslow
Shell model description of zirconium isotopes
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We calculate the low-lying spectra and several high-spin states of zirconium isotopes (Z=40) with neutron numbers from N=50 to N=58 using a large valence space with the {sup 78}Ni inert core, which a priori allows one to study the interplay between spherical and deformed configurations, necessary for the description of nuclides in this part of the nuclear chart. The effective interaction is derived by monopole corrections of the realistic G matrix. We reproduce essential nuclear properties, such as subshell closures in {sup 96}Zr and {sup 98}Zr. The spherical-to-deformed shape transition in {sup 100}Zr is addressed as well.
Sieja, K. [GSI-Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH., Planckstrasse 1, D-64-220 Darmstadt (Germany); Institut fuer Kernphysik, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt (Germany); Nowacki, F. [Institute Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, 23 rue du Loess, Strasbourg (France); Langanke, K. [Institut fuer Kernphysik, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt (Germany); Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Martinez-Pinedo, G. [GSI-Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung mbH., Planckstrasse 1, D-64-220 Darmstadt (Germany)
Non-shell unstable particles in thermal field theory
Using (nonrigorous) operator-algebraic and group-theoretic techniques the particle structure of interacting real-time thermal field theory is investigated. A description in terms of elementary unstable entities without a dispersion relation is arrived at. The asymptotic fields are found to be two-parameter generalized free fields. Contact with the Licht-field description of on-shell unstable particles is thereby achieved. Poincare-symmetry breaking and the rearrangement of spin to helicity at finite temperature are fully discussed and incorporated. A unique thermal Gell-Mann/Low formula is obtained. Feynman rules and renormalization conditions pertaining to non-shell thermal particles are given. Dissipation thereby naturally emerges. All relevant esoteric mathematics is explained. copyright 1988 Academic Press, Inc.
Landsman, N.P.
Shell forecasts serious gas reserve out by 1990
Natural gas presently provides one-third of the nation's total energy requirements. This is nearly half of the energy needed by both industry and the residential market. By 1990, natural gas' contribution to total energy supply will shrink to one-eighth, with the resultant supply gap to be filled primarily by oil, much of which will be imported. Shell Oil Co. forecasts and explains this gas decline and investigates additional supply possibilities in a recently released paper entitled ''The National Energy Problem: Natural Gas.'' This article discusses several important conclusions from Shell's paper, which predicts that oil, gas, imports, coal, and oil gasification will fill the gap. New government regulations may spur exploration.
A wind-shell interaction model for multipolar planetary nebulae
We explore the formation of multipolar structures in planetary and pre-planetary nebulae from the interaction of a fast post-AGB wind with a highly inhomogeneous and filamentary shell structure assumed to form during the final phase of the high density wind. The simulations were performed with a new hydrodynamics code integrated in the interactive framework of the astrophysical modeling package SHAPE. In contrast to conventional astrophysical hydrodynamics software, the new code does not require any programming intervention by the user for setting up or controlling the code. Visualization and analysis of the simulation data has been done in SHAPE without external software. The key conclusion from the simulations is that secondary lobes in planetary nebulae, such as Hubble 5 and K3-17, can be formed through the interaction of a fast low-density wind with a complex high density environment, such as a filamentary circumstellar shell. The more complicated alternative explanation of intermittent collimated outflow...
Steffen, W; Esquivel, A; Garcia-Segura, G; Garcia-Diaz, Ma T; Lopez, J A; Magnor, M
Double Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Piping Subsystem Specification
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Piping Subsystem that supports the first phase of Waste Feed Delivery. This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Piping Subsystem that supports the first phase of waste feed delivery. This subsystem transfers waste between transfer-associated structures (pits) and to the River Protection Project (RPP) Privatization Contractor Facility where it will be processed into an immobilized waste form. This specification is intended to be the basis for new projects/installations (W-521, etc.). This specification is not intended to retroactively affect previously established project design criteria without specific direction by the program.
Double Shell Tank (DST) Process Waste Sampling Subsystem Definition Report
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report defines the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Process Waste Sampling Subsystem (PWSS). This subsystem definition report fully describes and identifies the system boundaries of the PWSS. This definition provides a basis for developing functional, performance, and test requirements (i.e., subsystem specification), as necessary, for the PWSS. The resultant PWSS specification will include the sampling requirements to support the transfer of waste from the DSTs to the Privatization Contractor during Phase 1 of Waste Feed Delivery.
Single-shell tank interim stabilization project plan
Solid and liquid radioactive waste continues to be stored in 149 single-shell tanks at the Hanford Site. To date, 119 tanks have had most of the pumpable liquid removed by interim stabilization. Thirty tanks remain to be stabilized. One of these tanks (C-106) will be stabilized by retrieval of the tank contents. The remaining 29 tanks will be interim stabilized by saltwell pumping. In the summer of 1997, the US Department of Energy (DOE) placed a moratorium on the startup of additional saltwell pumping systems because of funding constraints and proposed modifications to the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement) milestones to the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology). In a letter dated February 10, 1998, Final Determination Pursuant to Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement) in the Matter of the Disapproval of the DOE`s Change Control Form M-41-97-01 (Fitzsimmons 1998), Ecology disapproved the DOE Change Control Form M-41-97-01. In response, Fluor Daniel Hanford, Inc. (FDH) directed Lockheed Martin Hanford Corporation (LNMC) to initiate development of a project plan in a letter dated February 25, 1998, Direction for Development of an Aggressive Single-Shell Tank (SST) Interim Stabilization Completion Project Plan in Support of Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order (Tri-Party Agreement). In a letter dated March 2, 1998, Request for an Aggressive Single-Shell Tank (SST) Interim Stabilization Completion Project Plan, the DOE reaffirmed the need for an aggressive SST interim stabilization completion project plan to support a finalized Tri-Party Agreement Milestone M-41 recovery plan. This project plan establishes the management framework for conduct of the TWRS Single-Shell Tank Interim Stabilization completion program. Specifically, this plan defines the mission needs and requirements; technical objectives and approach; organizational structure, roles, responsibilities, and interfaces; and operational methods. The plan is based on realistic assumptions and addresses three separate funding scenarios.
Ross, W.E.
Retrieval technology development for Hanford double-shell tanks
This paper describes the combined analytical, computational, and experimental program developed for identifying operating strategies for mobilization and retrieval of radioactive waste stored in double-shell tanks at Hanford. Sludge mobilization, slurry uniformity, and slurry retrieval investigations will produce guidelines for mixer pump and retrieval pump operation based on the physical properties of the waste and the geometric properties of the system (number of operating pumps and pump design and placement).
Bamberger, J.A.; Wise, B.M.; Miller, W.C.
241-AY Double Shell Tanks (DST) Integrity Assessment Report
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report presents the results of the integrity assessment of the 241-AY double-shell tank farm facility located in the 200 East Area of the Hanford Site. The assessment included the design evaluation and integrity examinations of the tanks and concluded that the facility is adequately designed, is compatible with the waste, and is fit for use. Recommendations including subsequent examinations. are made to ensure the continued safe operation of the tanks.
Thin-shell wormholes with a generalized Chaplygin gas
In this article, spherically symmetric thin-shell wormholes supported by a generalized Chaplygin gas are constructed and their stability under perturbations preserving the symmetry is studied. Wormholes with charge and with a cosmological constant are analyzed and the results are compared with those obtained for the original Chaplygin gas, which was considered in a previous work. For some values of the parameters, one stable configuration is also present and a new extra unstable solution is found.
Ernesto F. Eiroa
241-AN Double Shell Tanks (DST) Integrity Assessment Report
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report presents the results of the integrity assessment of the 241-AN double-shell tank farm facility located in the 200 East Area of the Hanford Site. The assessment included the design evaluation and integrity examinations of the tanks and concluded that the facility is adequately designed, is compatible with the waste, and is fit for use. Recommendations including subsequent examinations, are made to ensure the continued safe operation of the tanks.
Dielectronic recombination of Fe^{13+}: benchmarking the M-shell
We have carried-out a series of multi-configuration Breit-Pauli AUTOSTRUCTURE calculations for the dielectronic recombination of Fe^{13+}. We present a detailed comparison of the results with the high-energy resolution measurements reported recently from the Heidelberg Test Storage Ring by Schmidt et al. Many Rydberg series contribute significantly from this initial 3s^2 3p M-shell ion, resulting in a complex recombination `spectrum'. While there is much close agreement between theory and experiment, differences of typically 50% in the summed resonance strengths over 0.1-10 eV result in the experimentally based total Maxwellian recombination rate coefficient being a factor of 1.52-1.38 larger than theory over 10^4-10^5 K, which is a typical temperature range of peak abundance for Fe^{13+} in a photoionized plasma. Nevertheless, this theoretical recombination rate coefficient is an order of magnitude larger than that used by modellers to-date. This may help explain the discrepancy between the iron M-shell ionization balance predicted by photoionization modelling codes such as ION and CLOUDY and that deduced from the iron M-shell unresolved-transition-array absorption feature observed in the X-ray spectrum of many active galactic nuclei. Similar data are required for Fe^{8+} through Fe^{12+} to remove the question mark hanging over the atomic data though.
N. R. Badnell
Thin shell morphology in the circumstellar medium of massive binaries
We investigate the morphology of the collision front between the stellar winds of binary components in two long-period binary systems, one consisting of a hydrogen rich Wolf-Rayet star (WNL) and an O-star and the other of a Luminous Blue Variable (LBV) and an O-star. Specifically, we follow the development and evolution of instabilities that form in such a shell, if it is sufficiently compressed, due to both the wind interaction and the orbital motion. We use MPI-AMRVAC to time-integrate the equations of hydrodynamics, combined with optically thin radiative cooling, on an adaptive mesh 3D grid. Using parameters for generic binary systems, we simulate the interaction between the winds of the two stars. The WNL+O star binary shows a typical example of an adiabatic wind collision. The resulting shell is thick and smooth, showing no instabilities. On the other hand, the shell created by the collision of the O star wind with the LBV wind, combined with the orbital motion of the binary components, is susceptible to...
van Marle, Allard Jan; Meliani, Zakaria
Hanford double shell tank corrosion monitoring instrument trees
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
High-level nuclear wastes at the Hanford site are stored underground in carbon steel double-shell and single-shell tanks - (DSTs and SSTS). Westinghouse Hanford Company is considering installation of a prototype corrosion monitoring instrument tree in at least one DST in the summer of 1995. The instrument tree will have the ability to detect and discriminate between uniform corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and pitting. Additional instrument trees will follow in later years. Proof-of-technology testing is currently underway for the use of commercially available electric field pattern (EFP) analysis and electrochemical noise (EN) corrosion monitoring equipment. Creative use and combinations of other existing technologies is also being considered. Successful demonstration of these technologies will be followed by the development of a Hanford specific instrument tree. The first instrument tree will incorporate one of these technologies. Subsequent trees may include both technologies, as well as a more standard assembly of corrosion coupons. Successful development of these trees will allow their application to single shell tanks and the transfer of technology to other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites.
Nelson, J.L.
Prospects for ultracold polar and magnetic chromium-closed-shell-atom molecules
The properties of the electronic ground state of the polar and paramagnetic chromium--closed-shell-atom molecules have been investigated. State-of-the-art \\textit{ab initio} techniques have been applied to compute the potential energy curves for the chromium--alkaline-earth-metal-atom, CrX (X = Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), and chromium--ytterbium, CrYb, molecules in the Born-Oppenheimer approximation for the $X^7\\Sigma^+$ high-spin electronic ground state. The spin restricted open-shell coupled cluster method restricted to single, double, and noniterative triple excitations, RCCSD(T), was employed and the scalar relativistic effects within Douglas-Kroll-Hess Hamiltonian or energy-consistent pseudopotentials were included. The permanent electric dipole moments and static electric dipole polarizabilities were computed. The leading long-range coefficients describing the dispersion interaction between atoms at large interatomic distances, $C_6$, are also reported. Molecules under investigation are an example of species p...
Tomza, Micha?
A parametric study of double-shell tank response to internal high-frequency pressure loading
The double-shell waste tank 241SY101 (SY101) is a 3,785,400-liter tank used to store radioactive waste at the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. The tank waste has formed two layers of sludge in the tank; a convective and a nonconvective layer. Ongoing reactions in the waste cause a buildup of hydrogen molecules that become trapped within the nonconvective layer of the waste. Various means of preventing the buildup of hydrogen molecules in the nonconvective layer have been investigated, including the use of a sonic probe that would transmit high-frequency acoustic pressure waves into the nonconvective layer of the waste. During the operation of the sonic probe, the pressure waves transmitted from the probe induce pressure time history loading on the inside surface of the primary tank. For low-frequency fluid-structure interaction loads, such as those associated with seismic events, the convective and impulsive effects of the waste-filled tank are well documented. However, for high-frequency loading, such as that associated with acoustic pressure waves, interactions between the waste and the primary tank are not understood. The pressure time history is represented by a harmonic function with a frequency range between 30 and 100 Hz. Structural analyses of the double-shell tank have been performed that address the tank`s response to the sonic probe acoustic pressure loads. This paper addresses the variations in the tank response as a function of percent waste mass considered to be effective in the dynamic excitation of the tank. It also compares results predicted by analyses that discretely model the liquid waste and presents recommendations for the simplified effective mass approach. Also considered in the parametric study is the effect of damping on the tank response for the same pressure loading.
Baliga, R.; Choi, K.; Shulman, J.S. [ADVENT Engineering Services, Inc., San Ramon, CA (United States); Strehlow, J.P.; Abatt, G. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Highly Active Pt(3)Pb and Core-Shell Pt(3)Pb-Pt Electrocatalysts for Formic Acid Oxidation
Formic acid is a promising chemical fuel for fuel cell applications. However, due to the dominance of the indirect reaction pathway and strong poisoning effects, the development of direct formic acid fuel cells has been impeded by the low activity of existing electrocatalysts at desirable operating voltage. We report the first synthesis of Pt{sub 3}Pb nanocrystals through solution phase synthesis and show they are highly efficient formic acid oxidation electrocatalysts. The activity can be further improved by manipulating the Pt{sub 3}Pb-Pt core-shell structure. Combined experimental and theoretical studies suggest that the high activity from Pt{sub 3}Pb and the Pt-Pb core-shell nanocrystals results from the elimination of CO poisoning and decreased barriers for the dehydrogenation steps. Therefore, the Pt{sub 3}Pb and Pt-Pb core-shell nanocrystals can improve the performance of direct formic acid fuel cells at desired operating voltage to enable their practical application.
Kang Y.; Stach E.; Qi L.; Li M.; Diaz R.E.; Su D.; Adzic R.R.; Li J.; Murray C.B.
The Structural Transition Behavior of CdSe/ZnS Core/shell Quantum Dots under High Pressure
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The structural phase transition of CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) has been studied by in situ angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction under high pressure up to 53.6?GPa. The CdSe core transforms from wurtzite to rock-salt structure near 6.3?GPa and then to Cmcm or distorted Cmcm structure probably occurs at 45.1?GPa which has not been observed in CdSe nanomaterials before. The critical pressure from wurtzite to rock-salt and the bulk modulus of rock-salt phase are much higher than those for bulky and uncapped nanoparticle CdSe. The released sample can be kept in rock-salt phase for a certain time, verified by photoluminescence (PL) spectra, quite different from the reversible transition for pure CdSe. A reasonable interpretation of the experimental phenomena is given by comparing the bulk modulus of the core and shell and studying the stress sate of the core after decompression. Our study suggests that capping a hard shell is an effective approach to quench the high pressure phase of nanomaterial with a reversible phase transition.
Z Li; L Wang; B Liu; J Wang; B Liu; Q Li; B Zou; T Cui; Y Meng; H Mao
Retrieval of the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Retrieval of the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third Retrieval of the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third Single-Shell Tank Emptied at Hanford's C Farm This Year Retrieval of the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third Single-Shell Tank Emptied at Hanford's C Farm This Year September 17, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Media Contacts Lori Gamache, ORP 509-372-9130 Rob Roxburgh, WRPS 509-376-5188 RICHLAND - Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) has advised the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that they have completed retrieval of radioactive and chemical waste from the third single-shell tank (SST) this year. WRPS is the tank operations contractor for the DOE Office of River Protection (ORP). An engineering evaluation in the field shows the waste volume in C-109 is below the regulatory requirement of 360 cubic feet of waste remaining in
Retrieval of the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third Single-Shell Tank Emptied at Hanford's C Farm This Year Retrieval of the Tenth Single-Shell Tank Complete at Hanford: Third Single-Shell Tank Emptied at Hanford's C Farm This Year September 17, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Media Contacts Lori Gamache, ORP 509-372-9130 Rob Roxburgh, WRPS 509-376-5188 RICHLAND - Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) has advised the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that they have completed retrieval of radioactive and chemical waste from the third single-shell tank (SST) this year. WRPS is the tank operations contractor for the DOE Office of River Protection (ORP). An engineering evaluation in the field shows the waste volume in C-109 is below the regulatory requirement of 360 cubic feet of waste remaining in
Application to Export Electric Energy OE Docket No. EA-338-A Shell Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
8-A Shell 8-A Shell Energy North America (US), L.P.: Federal Register Notice, Volume 78, No. 45 - March 7, 2013 Application to Export Electric Energy OE Docket No. EA-338-A Shell Energy North America (US), L.P.: Federal Register Notice, Volume 78, No. 45 - March 7, 2013 Application from Shell Energy to export electric energy to Mexico. Federal Register Notice. EA-338-A Shell Energy-MX.pdf More Documents & Publications Application to Export Electric Energy OE Doc No. EA-339-A Shell Energy North America (US), L.P.: Federal Register Notice, Volume 78, No. 45 - March 7, 2013 Application to Export Electric Energy OE Docket No. EA-258-D Brookfield Energy Marketing Inc.: Federal Register Notice, Volume 78. No. 213 - Nov. 4, 2013 Application to Export Electric Energy OE Docket No. EA-336-A ConocoPhillips
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of March 31, 2011
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity Archives With Data for March 2011 | Release Date: May 31, 2011 Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity is the U.S. Energy Information Administration's (EIA) report containing storage capacity data for crude oil, petroleum products, and selected biofuels. The report includes tables detailing working and net available shell storage capacity by type of facility, product, and Petroleum Administration for Defense District (PAD District). Net available shell storage capacity is broken down further to show the percent for exclusive use by facility operators and the percent leased to others. Crude oil storage capacity data are also provided for Cushing, Oklahoma, an important crude oil market center. Data
Radio emission from shell-type supernova remnants
The evolution of the radio emission of shell-type Supernova remnants (SNRs) is modeled within the framework of the simple and commonly used assumptions that the mechanism of diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) is responsible for generating radio emitting electrons and that the magnetic field is the typical interstellar field compressed at the shock. It is considered that electrons are injected into the mechanism in test-particle regime directly from the high energy tail of the downstream Maxwellian distribution function. The model can be applied to most of the observed SNRs. It is shown that the model successfully explains the many averaged observational properties of evolved shell-type SNRs. In particular, the radio surface brightness ($\\Sigma$) evolves with diameter as $\\sim D^{-(0.3 \\div 0.5)}$, while the bounding shock is strong (Mach number is ${\\mathcal M} \\geq10$), followed by steep decrease (steeper than $\\sim D^{-4.5}$) for ${\\cal M} environmental parameters strongly reduce the usefulness of $\\Sigma - D$ relations as a tool for determining the distances to SNRs. The model predicts no radio emission from SNRs in the late radiative stage of evolution and the existence of radio-quiet but relatively active SNRs is possible. Our model easily explains very large-diameter radio sources such as the Galactic Loops and the candidates for Hypernova radio remnants. The model predicts that most of the observed SNRs are located in a tenuous phase of the ISM. From the comparison of the model results with the statistics of evolved shell-type SNRs, we were able to estimate the fraction of electrons accelerated from the thermal pool in the range $(3\\div 11) \\times 10^{- 4}$.
Abdul Asvarov
Rotational damping in a multi-$j$ shell particles-rotor model
The damping of collective rotational motion is investigated by means of particles-rotor model in which the angular momentum coupling is treated exactly and the valence nucleons are in a multi-$j$ shell mean-field. It is found that the onset energy of rotational damping is around 1.1 MeV above yrast line, and the number of states which form rotational band structure is thus limited. The number of calculated rotational bands around 30 at a given angular momentum agrees qualitatively with experimental data. The onset of rotational damping takes place gradually as a function of excitation energy. It is shown that the pairing correlation between valence nucleons has a significant effect on the appearance of rotational damping.
Lu Guo; Jie Meng; Enguang Zhao; Fumihiko Sakata
K-shell spectroscopy of silicon ions as diagnostic for high electric fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We developed a detection scheme, capable of measuring X-ray line shape of tracer ions in {mu}m thick layers at the rear side of a target foil irradiated by ultra intense laser pulses. We performed simulations of the effect of strong electric fields on the K-shell emission of silicon and developed a spectrometer dedicated to record this emission. The combination of a cylindrically bent crystal in von Hamos geometry and a CCD camera with its single photon counting capability allows for a high dynamic range of the instrument and background free spectra. This approach will be used in future experiments to study electric fields of the order of TV/m at high density plasmas close to solid density.
Loetzsch, R.; Jaeckel, O.; Hoefer, S.; Kaempfer, T.; Uschmann, I.; Kaluza, M. C. [Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena (Germany); Institut fuer Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena (Germany); Polz, J. [Institut fuer Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universitaet Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena (Germany); Foerster, E. [Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, D-07743 Jena (Germany); Stambulchik, E.; Kroupp, E.; Maron, Y. [Faculty of Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, P.O. Box 26, Rehovot 76100 (Israel)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We present R-matrix calculations of photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections across the K edge of the Li-like to Ca-like ion stages of Ni. Level-resolved, Breit-Pauli calculations were performed for the Li-like to Na-like stages. Term-resolved calculations, which include the mass-velocity and Darwin relativistic corrections, were performed for the Mg-like to Ca-like ion stages. This data set is extended up to Fe-like Ni using the distorted wave approximation as implemented by AUTOSTRUCTURE. The R-matrix calculations include the effects of radiative and Auger dampings by means of an optical potential. The damping processes affect the absorption resonances converging to the K thresholds causing them to display symmetric profiles of constant width that smear the otherwise sharp edge at the K-shell photoionization threshold. These data are important for the modeling of features found in photoionized plasmas.
Witthoeft, M. C. [Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States); Bautista, M. A. [Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI (United States); GarcIa, J.; Kallman, T. R. [NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 662, Greenbelt, MD (United States); Mendoza, C. [Centro de Fisica, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones CientIficas (IVIC), Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of); Palmeri, P.; Quinet, P. [Astrophysique et Spectroscopie, Universite de Mons-UMONS, B-7000 Mons (Belgium)
THE PERFORMANCE OF SMDS DIESEL FUEL MANUFACTURED BY SHELL'S GtL TECHNOLOGY
The Royal Dutch/Shell Group's (Shell's) Gas to Liquids (GtL) technology, better known as the Shell Middle Distillate Synthesis (SMDS) process, converts natural gas into diesel and other products via a modem improved Fisher-Tropsch synthesis. The diesel cut has very good cetane quality, low density, and virtually no sulphur and aromatics; such properties make it valuable as a diesel fuel with lower emissions than conventional automotive gas oil.
Clark, Richard H.
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Temperature Capability and Temperature Capability and Innovative Cooling with a Spar and Shell Turbine Blade-Florida Turbine Technologies Background Florida Turbine Technologies, Inc. (FTT) is currently developing advanced aerothermal technologies centered on spar and shell airfoil concepts meant to provide highly durable turbine components that require the lowest cooling flow possible. The spar-shell system represents a unique opportunity for the use of advanced, high-temperature materials
Double-shell inertial confinement fusion target fabrication
First generation hemishells, from which spherical shells are constructed, were fabricated by micromachining coated mandrels and by molding. The remachining of coated mandrels are described in detail. Techniques were developed for coating the microsized mandrels with polymeric and metallic materials by methods including conformal coating, vapor deposition, plasma polymerization and thermoforming. Micropositioning equipment and bonding techniques have also been developed to assemble the hemishells about a fuel pellet maintaining a spherical concentricity of better than 2 ..mu..m and voids in the hemishell bonding line of a few hundred angstroms or less.
Hatcher, C.W.; Lorensen, L.E.; Weinstein, B.W.
Spherical Thin-Shell Wormholes and Modified Chaplygin Gas
The purpose of this paper is to construct spherical thin-shell wormhole solutions through cut and paste technique and investigate the stability of these solutions in the vicinity of modified Chaplygin gas. The Darmois-Israel formalism is used to formulate the stresses of the surface concentrating the exotic matter. We explore the stability of the wormhole solutions by using the standard potential method. We conclude that there exist more stable as well as unstable solutions than the previous study with generalized Chaplygin gas \\cite{15}.
M. Sharif; M. Azam
This report quantified potential hydrogen diffusion through Hanford Site Single-Shell tank (SST) domes if the SSTs were hypothetically sealed airtight. Results showed that diffusion would keep headspace flammable gas concentrations below the lower flammability limit in the 241-AX and 241-SX SST. The purpose of this document is to quantify the amount of hydrogen that could diffuse through the domes of the SSTs if they were hypothetically sealed airtight. Diffusion is assumed to be the only mechanism available to reduce flammable gas concentrations. The scope of this report is limited to the 149 SSTs.
Design of shell and tube heat exchanger using specified pressure drop.
??The pressure drops used in heat exchange of shell and tube type, the situations are particular and put ahead of the design exercise. In such� (more)
Bilimoria, Vimalkumar B.
Microsoft PowerPoint - S05-02_Rinker_Single Shell Tank Structural...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
on Hanford Single Shell Waste Tanks EM Waste Processing Technical Exchange Waste Storage and Tank Inspection Mike Rinker Pacific Northwest National Laboratory November 17, 2010 1...
Iron/Iron Oxide Core/Shell Nanoparticles for MRI and Magnetic ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Bulk Nanoceramics and Nanocomposites: Processed by Pulsed Electric Current ... Iron/Iron Oxide Core/Shell Nanoparticles for MRI and Magnetic Hyperthermia.
Fifteenth international conference on X-ray and inner-shell processes
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This document is composed of Abstracts from invited papers presented at X-90, the fifteenth annual international conference on x-ray and Inner-Shell Processes. (FSD)
Not Available
Buckling of a cracked cylindrical shell reinforced with an elastic liner.
??Shell structures have been widely used in engineering applications such as pipelines, aerospace and marine structures, and cooling towers. Occurring suddenly and generally inadvertently due� (more)
Kim, Yoontae
Long Electron-Hole Separation of ZnO-CdS Core-Shell Quantum Dots
The tunability of electronic and optical properties of semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) has been an important subject in nanotechnology. While control of the emission property of QDs in wavelength has been studied extensively, control of the emission lifetime of QDs has not been explored in depth. In this report, ZnO-CdS core-shell QDs were synthesized in a two-step process, in which we initially synthesized ZnO core particles, and then stepwise slow growth of CdS shells followed. The coating of a CdS shell on a ZnO core increased the exciton lifetime more than 100 times that of the core ZnO QD, and the lifetime was further extended as the thickness of shell increased. This long electron-hole recombination lifetime is due to a unique staggered band alignment between the ZnO core and CdS shell, so-called type II band alignment, where the carrier excitation holes and electrons are spatially separated at the core and shell, and the exciton lifetime becomes extremely sensitive to the thickness of the shell. Here, we demonstrated that the emission lifetime becomes controllable with the thickness of the shell in ZnO-CdS core-shell QDs. The longer excitonic lifetime of type II QDs could be beneficial in fluorescence-based sensors, medical imaging, solar cells photovoltaics, and lasers.
Xu, F.; Volkov, V.; Zhu, Y.; Bai, H.; Rea, A.; Valappil, N.V.; Su, W.; Gao, X.; Kuskovsky, I.L.; Matsui, H.
The purpose of this study was to determine the sensitivity of the dynamic response of the Hanford double-shell tanks (DSTs) to the assumptions regarding the constitutive properties of the contained waste. In all cases, the waste was modeled as a uniform linearly elastic material. The focus of the study was on the changes in the modal response of the tank and waste system as the extensional modulus (elastic modulus in tension and compression) and shear modulus of the waste were varied through six orders of magnitude. Time-history analyses were also performed for selected cases and peak horizontal reaction forces and axial stresses at the bottom of the primary tank were evaluated. Because the analysis focused on the differences in the responses between solid-filled and liquid-filled tanks, it is a comparative analysis rather than an analysis of record for a specific tank or set of tanks. The shear modulus was varied between 4 x 10{sup 3} Pa and 4.135 x 10{sup 9} Pa. The lowest value of shear modulus was sufficient to simulate the modal response of a liquid-containing tank, while the higher values are several orders of magnitude greater than the upper limit of expected properties for tank contents. The range of elastic properties used was sufficient to show liquid-like response at the lower values, followed by a transition range of semi-solid-like response to a clearly identifiable solid-like response. It was assumed that the mechanical properties of the tank contents were spatially uniform. Because sludge-like materials are expected only to exist in the lower part of the tanks, this assumption leads to an exaggeration of the effects of sludge-like materials in the tanks. The results of the study show that up to a waste shear modulus of at least 40,000 Pa, the modal properties of the tank and waste system are very nearly the same as for the equivalent liquid-containing tank. This suggests that the differences in critical tank responses between liquid-containing tanks and tanks containing sludge-like materials having a shear modulus not exceeding 40,000 Pa are unlikely to be greater than those due to the uncertainties involved in the definition of the design ground motion or in the properties of the tank-waste system. This is the fundamental conclusion of the study. The study also shows that increasing the waste extensional modulus and shear modulus does not lead to increased mass participation at the impulsive frequency of the liquid-containing system. Instead, increasing the waste stiffness eventually leads to fundamental changes in the modal properties including an increase in the fundamental system frequency.
Tksh: A Tcl Library for KornShell
This paper describes Tksh, an implementation of the Tcl C library written on top of the library for the new KornShell (ksh93). Tksh emulates the behavior of Tcl by using the API that is provided for extending ksh93, which is similar to the Tcl library in that it allows access to variables, functions and other state of the interpreter. This implementation requires no modification to ksh93, and allows Tcl libraries such as Tk to run on top of ksh93 unchanged, making it possible to use shell scripts in place of Tcl scripts. ksh93 is well suited for use with Tk because it is backward compatible with sh, making it both easy to learn and easy to extend existing scripts to provide a graphical user interface. Tksh is not yet another port of Tk to another language -- it allows Tcl scripts to run without modification using the ksh93 internals. This makes it possible to combine Tcl and ksh93, which is useful for writing ksh93 scripts that use components that have been implemented in Tcl (such as ...
Jeffrey Korn
Double Shell Tank (DST) Monitor and Control Subsystem Specification
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Monitor and Control Subsystem that supports the first phase of Waste Feed Delivery. This subsystem specification establishes the interface and performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during the design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Monitor and Control Subsystem. The DST Monitor and Control Subsystem consists of the new and existing equipment that will be used to provide tank farm operators with integrated local monitoring and control of the DST systems to support Waste Feed Delivery (WFD). New equipment will provide automatic control and safety interlocks where required and provide operators with visibility into the status of DST subsystem operations (e.g., DST mixer pump operation and DST waste transfers) and the ability to manually control specified DST functions as necessary. This specification is intended to be the basis for new project/installations (W-521, etc.). This specification is not intended to retroactively affect previously established project design criteria without specific direction by the program.
Double Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Valving Subsystem Specification
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Valving Subsystem that supports the first phase of Waste Feed Delivery. This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during design of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Valving Subsystem that supports the first phase of Waste Feed Delivery (WFD). The DST Transfer Valving Subsystem routes waste and other media (e.g., diluent, flush water, filtered raw water) among DSTs and from the low-activity waste (LAW) and high-level waste (HLW) feed staging tanks to the River Protection Project (RPP) Privatization Contractor facility, where it will be processed into an immobilized waste form. This specification is intended to be the basis for new projects/installations (W-521, etc.). This specification is not intended to retroactively affect previously established project design criteria without specific direction by the program.
Particle Acceleration and Gamma-Ray Production in Shell Remnants
A number of nearby Northern Hemisphere shell-type Supernova Remnants (SNRs) has been observed in TeV gamma rays, but none of them could be detected so far. This failure calls for a critical reevaluation of the theoretical arguments for gamma-ray emission of SNRs. The present paper discusses diffusive shock acceleration in shell-type SNRs in full kinetic theory. Emphasis is also given to the possible problems for VHE gamma-ray production due to the environmental conditions a SN progenitor finds itself in. Observational upper limits are compared with theoretical predictions for the gamma-ray flux. Empirical arguments from the observation of X-ray power law continua for electron-induced Inverse Compton gamma-ray emission at TeV energies are discussed in their relation to the nucleonic Pi-zero decay emission from the same objects. Finally, a point is made for the simplest case of SNe Ia, expected to explode in a uniform circumstellar medium. Here in particular the very recently detected Southern Hemisphere remnant of SN 1006 is compared with Tycho's SNR. On the basis of the assumed parameters for the two remnants SN 1006 is tentatively identified with a remnant whose TeV gamma-ray emission is dominated by Inverse Compton radiation. Tycho might be dominantly a Pi-zero decay gamma-ray source.
H. J. Volk
Hazard assessments of double-shell flammable gas tanks
This report is the fourth in a series of hazard assessments performed on the double-shell flammable gas watch list tanks. This report focuses on hazards associated with the double-shell watch list tanks (101-AW, 103-AN, 104-AN, and 105-AN). While a similar assessment has already been performed for tank 103-SY, it is also included here to incorporate a more representative slurry gas mixture and provide a consistent basis for comparing results for all the flammable gas tanks. This report is intended to provide an in-depth assessment by considering the details of the gas release event and slurry gas mixing as the gas is released from the waste. The consequences of postulated gas ignition are evaluated using a plume burn model and updated ignition frequency predictions. Tank pressurization which results from a gas burn, along with the structural response, is also considered. The report is intended to support the safety basis for work activities in flammable gas tanks by showing margins to safety limits that are available in the design and procedures.
Fox, G.L.; Stepnewski, D.D.
Pt-based alloy surfaces are used to catalyze the electrochemical oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), where molecular oxygen is converted into water on fuel cell electrodes. In this work, we address challenges due to the cost of high Pt loadings in the cathode electrocatalyst, as well as those arising from catalyst durability. We aim to develop an increased understanding of the factors that determine ORR activity together with stability against surface segregation and dissolution of Pt-based alloys. We firstly focus on the problem of determining surface atomic distribution resulting from surface segregation phenomena. We use first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations on PtCo and Pt3Co overall compositions, as well as adsorption of water and atomic oxygen on PtCo(111) and Pt-skin structures. The bonding between water and surfaces of PtCo and Pt-skin monolayers are investigated in terms of orbital population. Also, on both surfaces, the surface reconstruction effect due to high oxygen coverage and water co-adsorption is investigated. Although the PtCo structures show good activity, a large dissolution of Co atoms tends to occur in acid medium. To tackle this problem, we examine core-shell structures which showed improved stability and activity compared to Pt(111), in particular, one consisting of a surface Pt-skin monolayer over an IrCo or Ir3Co core, with or without a Pd interlayer between the Pt surface and the Ir-Co core. DFT analysis of surface segregation, surface stability against dissolution, surface Pourbaix diagrams, and reaction mechanisms provide useful predictions on catalyst durability, onset potential for water oxidation, surface atomic distribution, coverage of oxygenated species, and activity. The roles of the Pd interlayer in the core-shell structures that influence higher ORR activity are clarified. Furthermore, the stability and activity enhancement of new shell-anchor-core structures of Pt/Fe-C/core, Pt/Co-C/core and Pt/Ni-C/core are demonstrated with core materials of Ir, Pd3Co, Ir3Co, IrCo and IrNi. Based on the analysis, Pt/Fe-C/Ir, Pt/Co-C/Ir, Pt/Ni-C/Ir, Pt/Co-C/Pd3Co, Pt/Fe-C/Pd3Co, Pt/Co- C/Ir3Co, Pt/Fe-C/Ir3Co, Pt/Co-C/IrCo, Pt/Co-C/IrNi, and Pt/Fe-C/IrNi structures show promise in terms of both improved durability and relatively high ORR activity.
Hirunsit, Pussana
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The objectives of these 1/12-scale scoping experiments were to ? Determine which of the dimensionless parameters discussed in Bamberger and Liljegren (1994) affect the maximum concentration that can be suspended during jet mixer pump operation in the full-scale double-shell tanks ? Develop empirical correlations to predict the nozzle velocity required for jet mixer pumps to suspend the contents of full-scale double-shell tanks ? Apply the models to predict the nozzle velocity required to suspend the contents of Tank 241 AZ-101 ? Obtain experimental concentration data to compare with the TEMPEST( )(Trent and Eyler 1989) computational modeling predictions to guide further code development ? Analyze the effects of changing nozzle diameter on exit velocity (U0) and U0D0 (the product of the exit velocity and nozzle diameter) required to suspend the contents of a tank. The scoping study experimentally evaluated uniformity in a 1/12-scale experiment varying the Reynolds number, Froude number, and gravitational settling parameter space. The initial matrix specified only tests at 100% U0D0 and 25% U0D0. After initial tests were conducted with small diameter, low viscosity simulant this matrix was revised to allow evaluation of a broader range of U0D0s. The revised matrix included full factorial test between 100% and 50% U0D0 and two half-factorial tests at 75% and 25% U0D0. Adding points at 75% U0D0 and 50% U0D0 allowed evaluation curvature. Eliminating points at 25% U0D0 decreased the testing time by several weeks. Test conditions were achieved by varying the simulant viscosity, the mean particle size, and the jet nozzle exit velocity. Concentration measurements at sampling locations throughout the tank were used to assess the degree of uniformity achieved during each test. Concentration data was obtained using a real time ultrasonic attenuation probe and discrete batch samples. The undissolved solids concentration at these locations was analyzed to determine whether the tank contents were uniform ( �10% variation about mean) in concentration. Concentration inhomogeneity was modeled as a function of dimensionless groups. The two parameters that best describe the maximum solids volume fraction that can be suspended in a double-shell tank were found to be 1) the Froude number (Fr) based on nozzle velocity (U0) and tank contents level (H) and 2) the dimensionless particle size (dp/D0). The dependence on the Reynolds number (Re) does not appear to be statistically significant.
Bamberger, Judith A.; Liljegren, Lucia M.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Meyer, Perry A.; Greenwood, Margaret S.; Titzler, Pamela A.; Terrones, Guillermo
GABA in the nucleus accumbens shell participates in the central regulation of feeding behavior
We have demonstrated previously that injections of 6,7dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione into the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh) elicits pronounced feeding in satiated rats. This glutamate antagonist blocks AMPA and kainate receptors and most likely increases food intake by disrupting a tonic excitatory input to the AcbSh, thus decreasing the firing rate of a population of local neurons. Because the application of GABA agonists also decreases neuronal activity, we hypothesized that administration of GABA agonists into the AcbSh would stimulate feeding in satiated rats. We found that acute inhibition of cells in the AcbSh via administration of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol or the GABAB receptor agonist baclofen elicited intense, dose-related feeding without altering water intake. Muscimol-induced feeding was blocked by coadministration of the selective GABAA receptor blocker bicuculline, but not by the GABAB receptor blocker saclofen. Conversely, baclofen-induced feeding was blocked by coadministration of saclofen, but was not affected by bicuculline. Furthermore, we found that increasing local levels of GABA by administration of a selective GABA-transaminase inhibitor, ?-vinyl-GABA, elicited robust feeding in satiated rats, suggesting a physiological role for endogenous AcbSh GABA in the control of feeding. A mapping study showed that although some feeding can be elicited by muscimol injections near the lateral ventricles, the ventromedial AcbSh is the most sensitive site for eliciting feeding. These findings demonstrate that manipulation of GABAsensitive cells in the AcbSh can have a pronounced, but specific, effect on feeding behavior in rats. They also constitute the initial description of a novel and potentially important component of the central mechanisms controlling food intake. Key words: GABA; food intake; nucleus accumbens shell; muscimol; baclofen; feeding behavior; ?-vinyl-GABA The nucleus accumbens is a basal forebrain structure that is perhaps best known for being an important constituent of the neural systems mediating reward and reinforcement (Koob and
Thomas R. Stratford; Ann E. Kelley
GRB 021004: a Massive Progenitor Star Surrounded by Shells
We present spectra of the optical transient of GRB021004 obtained with the Hobby-Eberly telescope starting 15.48, 20.31 hours, and 4.84 days after the burst and a spectrum obtained with the H. J. Smith 2.7 m Telescope starting 14.31 hours after the burst. GRB021004 is the first afterglow whose spectrum is dominated by absorption lines from high ionization species with multiple velocity components separated by up to 3000 km/s. We argue that these lines are likely to come from shells around a massive progenitor star. The high velocities and high ionizations arise from a combination of acceleration and flash-ionization by the burst photons and the wind velocity and steady ionization by the progenitor. We also analyze the broad-band spectrum and the light curve. We distinguish six components along the line of sight: (1) The z~2.293 absorption lines arise from the wind of a massive star. For a mass loss rate of ~6 x 10^{-5} solar masses per year, this component also provides the external medium to create the afterglow light. (2) A second shell produces absorption lines with a relative velocity of 560 km/s, and this is associated with the shell created by the fast massive star wind blowing a bubble in the preceding slow wind at a radial distance of order 10 pc. (3) More distant clouds within the host galaxy lie between 30-2500 pc, where they have been ionized by the burst. (4-6) The massive star wind has clumps with radii and over-densities of 0.022, 0.063, and 0.12 parsecs and 50%, 10%, and 10% respectively. The immediate progenitor of the burster could either be a WC-type Wolf-Rayet star or a highly evolved star whose original mass was just too small for it to become a WN-type Wolf-Rayet star.
Bradley E. Schaefer; C. L. Gerardy; P. Hoflich; A. Panaitescu; R. Quimby; J. Mader; G. J. Hill; P. Kumar; J. C. Wheeler; M. Eracleous; S. Sigurdsson; P. Meszaros; B. Zhang; L. Wang; F. Hessman; V. Petrosian
Generation of Core/shell Nanoparticles with Laser Ablation
Two types of core/shell nanoparticles (CS-NPs) generation based on laser ablation are developed in this study, namely, double pulse laser ablation and laser ablation in colloidal solutions. In addition to the study of the generation mechanism of CS-NPs in each scheme, the optical properties of designed CS-NPs are determined with UV-VIS-NIR spectroscopy and EM field simulation. In the first scheme, which is double pulse laser ablation, two laser beams are fired in a sequence on two adjacent targets with different material. We have successfully demonstrated the generation of Sn/Glass, Zn/Glass, Zn/Si, Ge/Si, and Cu/Zn CS-NPs. Key factors affecting the generation of CS-NPs are (1) surface tensions of the constructing materials affecting the associated Gibbs free energy of CS-NPs, (2) physical properties of selected background gases (i.e., He and Ar), (3) delay time between two laser pulses, and (4) the amount of laser energy. The second scheme examined for the generation of CS-NPs is through laser ablation of solid targets in colloidal solutions. Compared to the double pulse laser ablation, this second approach provides better control of the size and shape of the resulting CS-NPs. Two colloidal solutions, namely, Au and SiO2 colloidal solution are applied in the second scheme. Key factors affecting the formation of CS-NPs with the second scheme and are (a) the adhesion energy between the shell and the core material, (b) the diameter of the core and (c) the laser ablation time and the laser energy. Red shift of absorption peaks are measured in both SiO2/Au and SiO2/Ag colloids compared with pure nanoparticles (NPs). The amount of red-shift is very sensitive to the shell thickness of the CS-NPs. The same red shift is reproduced with the corresponding full wave analysis. The observed red shift can be attributed to the additional surface plasmon resonance at the interface of metal/dielectric of the CS-NPs compared with pure nanoparticles. Through adjusting the material and size combination, the absorption peak of the CS-NPs can be tuned in a limit range around the intrinsic absorption peak of the metal of the CS-NPs. The freedom of adjusting the absorption peak makes CS-NPs is favorable in bio and optical applications.
Jo, Young Kyong
Benchmark calculation of no-core Monte Carlo shell model in light nuclei
The Monte Carlo shell model is firstly applied to the calculation of the no-core shell model in light nuclei. The results are compared with those of the full configuration interaction. The agreements between them are within a few % at most.
Abe, T; Otsuka, T; Shimizu, N; Utsuno, Y; Vary, J P; 10.1063/1.3584062
Benchmark calculation of no-core Monte Carlo shell model in light nuclei
The Monte Carlo shell model is firstly applied to the calculation of the no-core shell model in light nuclei. The results are compared with those of the full configuration interaction. The agreements between them are within a few % at most.
Abe, T.; Shimizu, N. [Department of Physics, the University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Maris, P.; Vary, J. P. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (United States); Otsuka, T. [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); CNS, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); NSCL, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824 (United States); Utsuno, Y. [ASRC, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Following the approach developed for rods in Part 1 of this paper (Pimenta et al. in Comput. Mech. 42:715---732, 2008), this work presents a fully conserving algorithm for the integration of the equations of motion in nonlinear shell dynamics. We begin ... Keywords: Energy conservation, Momentum conservation, Nonlinear dynamics, Shells, Time integration
E. M. Campello; P. M. Pimenta; P. Wriggers
A comparison of high-order time integrators for thermal convection in rotating spherical shells
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A numerical study of several time integration methods for solving the three-dimensional Boussinesq thermal convection equations in rotating spherical shells is presented. Implicit and semi-implicit time integration techniques based on backward differentiation ... Keywords: Backward differentiation-extrapolation formulae, Krylov methods, Spectral methods, Spherical shells, Thermal convection, Time integration methods
F. Garcia; M. Net; B. Garc�a-Archilla; J. S�nchez
Benchmark calculation of no-core Monte Carlo shell model in light nuclei
The Monte Carlo shell model is firstly applied to the calculation of the no-core shell model in light nuclei. The results are compared with those of the full configuration interaction. The agreements between them are within a few % at most.
T. Abe; P. Maris; T. Otsuka; N. Shimizu; Y. Utsuno; J. P. Vary
AT Cnc: A SECOND DWARF NOVA WITH A CLASSICAL NOVA SHELL
We are systematically surveying all known and suspected Z Cam-type dwarf novae for classical nova shells. This survey is motivated by the discovery of the largest known classical nova shell, which surrounds the archetypal dwarf nova Z Camelopardalis. The Z Cam shell demonstrates that at least some dwarf novae must have undergone classical nova eruptions in the past, and that at least some classical novae become dwarf novae long after their nova thermonuclear outbursts, in accord with the hibernation scenario of cataclysmic binaries. Here we report the detection of a fragmented 'shell', 3 arcmin in diameter, surrounding the dwarf nova AT Cancri. This second discovery demonstrates that nova shells surrounding Z Cam-type dwarf novae cannot be very rare. The shell geometry is suggestive of bipolar, conical ejection seen nearly pole-on. A spectrum of the brightest AT Cnc shell knot is similar to that of the ejecta of the classical nova GK Per, and of Z Cam, dominated by [N II] emission. Galaxy Evolution Explorer FUV imagery reveals a similar-sized, FUV-emitting shell. We determine a distance of 460 pc to AT Cnc, and an upper limit to its ejecta mass of {approx}5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -5} M {sub Sun }, typical of classical novae.
Shara, Michael M.; Mizusawa, Trisha; Zurek, David [Department of Astrophysics, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, NY 10024-5192 (United States); Wehinger, Peter [Steward Observatory, the University of Arizona, 933 North Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Martin, Christopher D.; Neill, James D.; Forster, Karl [Department of Physics, Math and Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, 1200 East California Boulevard, Mail Code 405-47, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Seibert, Mark [Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 (United States)
Aqueous synthesis and characterization of CdSe/ZnO core-shell nanoparticles
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Core-shell nanomaterials based on CdSe as the core and ZnO as the shell were prepared using an aqueous route involving the use of Cd salt and NaBH4 in reaction with Se to generate CdSe in the presence of thioglycerol (TG) as a stabilizer. ...
B. P. Rakgalakane; M. J. Moloto
Simple synthesis and growth mechanism of core/shell cdse/SiOx nanowires
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Core-shell-structured CdSe/SiOx nanowires were synthesized on an equilateral triangle Si (111) substrate through a simple one-step thermal evaporation process. SEM, TEM, and XRD investigations confirmed the core-shell structure; that is, the ...
Guozhang Dai; Shengyi Yang; Min Yan; Qiang Wan; Qinglin Zhang; Anlian Pan; Bingsuo Zou
Ultrafine PMMA(QDs)/PVDF core-shell fibers for nanophotonic applications
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Ultrafine fibers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) with unique core-shell structure were fabricated via facile electrospinning method, and were adopted as waveguide materials. PMMA, into which CdSe/ZnS quantum dots ... Keywords: CdSe/ZnS, Core-shell fiber, Electrospinning, Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), Quantum dots
Shi-Li Quan; Hyun-Sik Lee; El-Hang Lee; Kyoung-Duck Park; Seung Gol Lee; In-Joo Chin
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The present paper deals with the performance modelling and simulated availability of shell gasification and carbon recovery unit of urea plant. The fertilizer plant comprises of various units viz. shell gasification and carbon recovery, desulphurisation, ... Keywords: modelling, performance evaluation and maintenance strategies, steady state availability
Sunand Kumar; Sanjeev Kumar; P. C. Tewari
Core-Protected Platinum Monolayer Shell High-Stability Electrocatalysts for Fuel-Cell Cathodes
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Platinum monolayers can act as shells for palladium nanoparticles to lead to electrocatalysts with high activities and an ultralow platinum content, but high platinum utilization. The stability derives from the core protecting the shell from dissolution. In fuel-cell tests, no loss of platinum was observed in 200,000 potential cycles, whereas loss of palladium was significant.
K Sasaki; H Naohara; Y Cai; Y Choi; P Liu; M Vukmirovic; J Wang; R Adzic
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report summarizes the results of the Double-Shell Tank Thermal and Operating Loads Analysis (TOLA) combined with the Seismic Analysis. This combined analysis provides a thorough, defensible, and documented analysis that will become a part of the overall analysis of record for the Hanford double-shell tanks (DSTs).
OAK-B135 The General Atomics Target Fabrication team was tasked in FY03, under its ICF Target Support contract, to make a new type of double-shell target. its specifications called for the outer shell to have an inner lining of PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) that would keep the xenon gas fill from occupying the target wall. The inner shell consisted of a glass shell coated with 2000 {angstrom} of silver and filled with 9 atm of deuterium. Furthermore, the delivery deadline was less than seven weeks away. This paper describes the fielding of this double-shell target, made possible through the combined efforts of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and General Atomics target fabrication specialists.
From a time-independent standpoint, formulas are developed for determining a containment shell for a reactor plant should an unforeseen malfunction, where a compressed liquid, liquid-vapor, or vapor system is liberated and expands, occur. From the thermal equilibrium states, the pressure build-up inside a containment shell of known free volume is obtained, or for a specified containment shell pressure the required free volume is evolved. For the pressure build-up inside a containment shell due to ancident on a time- dependent basis, formulas are evolved from an open-system aspect. A table and graphs fur various initial states expanding into a containment shell have been prepared, where timeis not considered. Examples illustrating the usage of the developed time-independent equations are given. (auth)
Heap, J.C.
Shell-based gasification-combined-cycle power plant evaluations. Final report
This report presents the results of a detailed engineering and economic evaluation of shell-based integrated gasification - combined-cycle (IGCC) power plants. Two complete nominal 1000 MW capacity Shell-based grass roots IGCC plant designs and cost estimates were prepared. The following conclusions were made: Shell-based IGCC plants firing Illinois coal and employing current technology gas turbines (2000/sup 0/F firing temperature) have the potential to be cost competitive with conventional coal-fired steam plants with FGD. Shell-based IGCC plants firing Texas lignite have the potential to generate power at costs that are competitive with those based on firing high rank coal. Shell-based IGCC plants firing Illinois No. 6 coal have equivalent performance and costs similar to Texaco-based IGCC systems.
Hartman, J.J.
Tank characterization report for single-shell Tank B-201
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The purpose of this report is to characterize the waste in single shell Tank B-201. Characterization includes the determination of the physical, chemical (e.g., concentrations of elements and organic species), and radiological properties of the waste. These determinations are made using analytical results from B-201 core samples as well as historical information about the tank. The main objective is to determine average waste properties: but in some cases, concentrations of analytes as a function of depth were also determined. This report also consolidates the available historical information regarding Tank B-201, arranges the analytical information from the recent core sampling in a useful format, and provides an interpretation of the data within the context of what is known about the tank.
Heasler, P.G.; Remund, K.M.; Tingey, J.M.; Baird, D.B.; Ryan, F.M.
Valence-shell photoionization of chlorinelike Ar{sup +} ions
Absolute cross-section measurements for valence-shell photoionization of Ar{sup +} ions are reported for photon energies ranging from 27.4 to 60.0 eV. The data, taken by merging beams of ions and synchrotron radiation at a photon energy resolution of 10 meV, indicate that the primary ion beam was a statistically weighted mixture of the {sup 2}P{sub 3/2}{sup o} ground state and the {sup 2}P{sub 1/2}{sup o} metastable state of Ar{sup +}. Photoionization of this Cl-like ion is characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances superimposed on a direct photoionization continuum. Observed resonance line shapes indicate interference between indirect and direct photoionization channels. Resonance features are spectroscopically assigned and their energies and quantum defects are tabulated. The measurements are satisfactorily reproduced by theoretical calculations based on an intermediate coupling semirelativistic Breit-Pauli approximation.
Covington, A. M.; Aguilar, A.; Covington, I. R.; Hinojosa, G.; Shirley, C. A.; Phaneuf, R. A.; Alvarez, I.; Cisneros, C.; Dominguez-Lopez, I.; Sant'Anna, M. M.; Schlachter, A. S.; Ballance, C. P.; McLaughlin, B. M. [Department of Physics, MS 220, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557-0058 (United States); Instituto de Ciencias Fisicas, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Apartado Postal 6-96, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos (Mexico); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36840 (United States); Institute for Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, MS-14, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 (United States)
Valence-shell photoionization of chlorine-like Ar$^{+}$ ions
Absolute cross-section measurements for valence-shell photoionization of Ar$^{+}$ ions are reported for photon energies ranging from 27.4 eV to 60.0 eV. The data, taken by merging beams of ions and synchrotron radiation at a photon energy resolution of 10 meV, indicate that the primary ion beam was a statistically weighted mixture of the $^2P^o_{3/2}$ ground state and the $^2P^o_{1/2}$ metastable state of Ar$^{+}$. Photoionization of this C$\\ell$-like ion is characterized by multiple Rydberg series of autoionizing resonances superimposed on a direct photoionization continuum. Observed resonance lineshapes indicate interference between indirect and direct photoionization channels. Resonance features are spectroscopically assigned and their energies and quantum defects are tabulated. The measurements are satisfactorily reproduced by theoretical calculations based on an intermediate coupling semi-relativistic Breit-Pauli approximation.
Covington, A M; Covington, I R; Hinojosa, G; Shirley, C A; �lvarez, I; Cisneros, C; Dominguez-Lopez, I; Sant'Anna, M M; Schlachter, A S; Ballance, C P; McLaughlin, B M
Carbon-Supported IrNi Core-Shell Nanoparticles: Synthesis Characterization and Catalytic Activity
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We synthesized carbon-supported IrNi core-shell nanoparticles by chemical reduction and subsequent thermal annealing in H{sub 2}, and verified the formation of Ir shells on IrNi solid solution alloy cores by various experimental methods. The EXAFS analysis is consistent with the model wherein the IrNi nanoparticles are composed of two-layer Ir shells and IrNi alloy cores. In situ XAS revealed that the Ir shells completely protect Ni atoms in the cores from oxidation or dissolution in an acid electrolyte under elevated potentials. The formation of Ir shell during annealing due to thermal segregation is monitored by time-resolved synchrotron XRD measurements, coupled with Rietveld refinement analyses. The H{sub 2} oxidation activity of the IrNi nanoparticles was found to be higher than that of a commercial Pt/C catalyst. This is predominantly due to Ni-core-induced Ir shell contraction that makes the surface less reactive for IrOH formation, and the resulting more metallic Ir surface becomes more active for H{sub 2} oxidation. This new class of core-shell nanoparticles appears promising for application as hydrogen anode fuel cell electrocatalysts.
K Sasaki; K Kuttiyiel; L Barrio; D Su; A Frenkel; N Marinkovic; D Mahajan; R Adzic
We present a range of steady-state photoionization simulations, corresponding to different assumed shell geometries and compositions, of the unseen postulated rapidly expanding outer shell to the Crab Nebula. The properties of the shell are constrained by the mass that must lie within it, and by limits to the intensities of hydrogen recombination lines. In all cases the photoionization models predict very strong emissions from high ionization lines that will not be emitted by the Crab's filaments, alleviating problems with detecting these lines in the presence of light scattered from brighter parts of the Crab. The near-NIR [Ne VI] {lambda}7.652 {mu}m line is a particularly good case; it should be dramatically brighter than the optical lines commonly used in searches. The C IV {lambda}1549 doublet is predicted to be the strongest absorption line from the shell, which is in agreement with Hubble Space Telescope observations. We show that the cooling timescale for the outer shell is much longer than the age of the Crab, due to the low density. This means that the temperature of the shell will actually ''remember'' its initial conditions. However, the recombination time is much shorter than the age of the Crab, so the predicted level of ionization should approximate the real ionization. In any case, it is clear that IR observations present the best opportunity to detect the outer shell and so guide future models that will constrain early events in the original explosion.
Wang Xiang; Ferland, G. J. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506 (United States); Baldwin, J. A.; Loh, E. D.; Richardson, C. T., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-2320 (United States)
Magnetite and magnetite/silver core/shell nanoparticles with diluted magnet-like behavior
In the present work is reported the use of the biopolymer chitosan as template for the preparation of magnetite and magnetite/silver core/shell nanoparticles systems, following a two step procedure of magnetite nanoparticles in situ precipitation and subsequent silver ions reduction. The crystalline and morphological characteristics of both magnetite and magnetite/silver core/shell nanoparticles systems were analyzed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and nanobeam diffraction patterns (NBD). The results of these studies corroborate the core/shell morphology and the crystalline structure of the magnetite core and the silver shell. Moreover, magnetization temperature dependent, M(T), measurements show an unusual diluted magnetic behavior attributed to the dilution of the magnetic ordering in the magnetite and magnetite/silver core/shell nanoparticles systems. - Graphical abstract: Biopolymer chitosan was used as stabilization media to synthesize both magnetite and magnetite/silver core/shell nanoparticles. Results of HRTEM and NBD patterns confirm core/shell morphology of the obtained nanoparticles. It was found that the composites show diluted magnet-like behavior.
Garza-Navarro, Marco [Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica y Electrica, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66450 (Mexico); Torres-Castro, Alejandro, E-mail: email@example.com [Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica y Electrica, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66450 (Mexico); Centro de Innovacion, Investigacion y Desarrollo en Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon 66600 (Mexico); Gonzalez, Virgilio; Ortiz, Ubaldo [Facultad de Ingenieria Mecanica y Electrica, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Av. Universidad s/n, Cd. Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon 66450 (Mexico); Centro de Innovacion, Investigacion y Desarrollo en Ingenieria y Tecnologia, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Apodaca, Nuevo Leon 66600 (Mexico); De la Rosa, Elder [Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, A.P. 1-948, Leon Gto. 37160 (Mexico)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In the present work, diphasic ceramic composites with core-shell nanostructures formed by Ni{sub 0.50}Zn{sub 0.50}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} core and BaTiO{sub 3} shell were investigated. Their properties were compared with those of composites prepared by coprecipitation. The core-shell structure was confirmed by microstructural powder analysis. Homogeneous microstructures with a good phase mixing and percolated dielectric phase by the magnetic one were obtained from coprecipitated powders. Less homogeneous microstructures resulted in ceramics produced from the powder prepared by core-shell method, with isolated small ferrite grains besides large ferrite aggregates embedded into the BaTiO{sub 3} matrix. Both the ferroelectric and magnetic phases preserve their basic properties in bulk composite form. However, important differences in the dielectric relaxation and conduction mechanisms were found as result of the microstructural difference. Extrinsic contributions play important roles in modifying the electric properties in both ceramics, causing space charge effect, Maxwell-Wagner relaxations and hopping conductivity, mainly due to the ferrite low resistivity phase. The conductivity and dielectric modulus spectra analysis allowed to identify different polaron contributions associated with the microstructural differences. It results that by using the core-shell method, improved dielectric properties and limited hopping contributions can be realized.
Curecheriu, L. P.; Mitoseriu, L.; Postolache, P. [Department of Physics, Al. I. Cuza University, Bv. Carol I, no. 11, Iasi 700506 (Romania); Buscaglia, M. T.; Buscaglia, V. [Institute for Energetics and Interphases, CNR, Via de Marini no. 6, Genoa I-16149 (Italy); Ianculescu, A. [Department of Oxide Materials Science and Engineering, Polytechnics University, 1-7 Gh. Polizu, P.O. Box 12-134, Bucharest 011061 (Romania); Nanni, P. [Institute for Energetics and Interphases, CNR, Via de Marini no. 6, Genoa I-16149 (Italy); Department of Chemistry and Process Engineering, University of Genoa, P-le Kennedy no. 1, Genoa (Italy)
,"U.S. Total Shell Storage Capacity at Operable Refineries"
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Shell Storage Capacity at Operable Refineries" Shell Storage Capacity at Operable Refineries" ,"Click worksheet name or tab at bottom for data" ,"Worksheet Name","Description","# Of Series","Frequency","Latest Data for" ,"Data 1","U.S. Total Shell Storage Capacity at Operable Refineries",28,"Annual",2013,"6/30/1982" ,"Release Date:","6/21/2013" ,"Next Release Date:","6/20/2014" ,"Excel File Name:","pet_pnp_capshell_dcu_nus_a.xls" ,"Available from Web Page:","http://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_pnp_capshell_dcu_nus_a.htm" ,"Source:","Energy Information Administration" ,"For Help, Contact:","firstname.lastname@example.com"
Extrapolation method in the Monte Carlo Shell Model and its applications
We demonstrate how the energy-variance extrapolation method works using the sequence of the approximated wave functions obtained by the Monte Carlo Shell Model (MCSM), taking {sup 56}Ni with pf-shell as an example. The extrapolation method is shown to work well even in the case that the MCSM shows slow convergence, such as {sup 72}Ge with f5pg9-shell. The structure of {sup 72}Se is also studied including the discussion of the shape-coexistence phenomenon.
Shimizu, Noritaka; Abe, Takashi [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Utsuno, Yutaka [Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195 (Japan); Mizusaki, Takahiro [Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu University, Tokyo, 101-8425 (Japan); Otsuka, Takaharu [Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan (United States); Honma, Michio [Center for Mathematical Sciences, Aizu University, Aizu-Wakamatsu, Fukushima 965-8580 (Japan)
This report documents a detailed buckling evaluation of the primary tanks in the Hanford double shell waste tanks. The analysis is part of a comprehensive structural review for the Double-Shell Tank Integrity Project. This work also provides information on tank integrity that specifically responds to concerns raise by the Office of Environment, Safety, and Health (ES&H) Oversight (EH-22) during a review (in April and May 2001) of work being performed on the double-shell tank farms, and the operation of the aging waste facility (AWF) primary tank ventilation system.
To improve the understanding of the single-shell tanks (SSTs) integrity, Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS), the USDOE Hanford Site tank contractor, developed an enhanced Single-Shell Tank Integrity Project in 2009. An expert panel on SST integrity, consisting of various subject matters experts in industry and academia, was created to provide recommendations supporting the development of the project. This panel developed 33 recommendations in four main areas of interest: structural integrity, liner degradation, leak integrity and prevention, and mitigation of contamination migration. Seventeen of these recommendations were used to develop the basis for the M-45-10-1 Change Package for the Hanford Federal Agreement and Compliance Order, which is also known as the Tri-Party Agreement. The structural integrity of the tanks is a key element in completing the cleanup mission at the Hanford Site. There are eight primary recommendations related to the structural integrity of Hanford SSTs. Six recommendations are being implemented through current and planned activities. The structural integrity of the Hanford SSTs is being evaluated through analysis, monitoring, inspection, materials testing, and construction document review. Structural evaluation in the form of analysis is performed using modern finite element models generated in ANSYS{reg_sign} The analyses consider in-situ, thermal, operating loads and natural phenomena such as earthquakes. Structural analysis of 108 of 149 Hanford SSTs has concluded that the tanks are structurally sound and meet current industry standards. Analyses of the remaining Hanford SSTs are scheduled for FY2013. Hanford SSTs are monitored through a dome deflection program. The program looks for deflections of the tank dome greater than 1/4 inch. No such deflections have been recorded. The tanks are also subjected to visual inspection. Digital cameras record the interior surface of the concrete tank domes, looking for cracks and other surface conditions that may indicate signs of structural distress. The condition of the concrete and rebar of the Hanford SSTs is currently being tested and planned for additional activities in the near future. Concrete and rebar removed from the dome of a 65-year-old tank is being tested for mechanics properties and condition. Results indicated stronger than designed concrete with additional Petrographic examination and rebar testing ongoing. Material properties determined from previous efforts combined with current testing and construction document review will help to generate a database that will provide continuing indication of Hanford SST structural integrity.
The U.S. Department of Energy's Office (DOE) of River Protection (ORP) has a continuing program for chemical optimization to better characterize corrosion behavior of High-Level Waste (HLW). The DOE controls the chemistry in its HLW to minimize the propensity of localized corrosion, such as pitting, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in nitrate-containing solutions. By improving the control of localized corrosion and SCC, the ORP can increase the life of the Double-Shell Tank (DST) carbon steel structural components and reduce overall mission costs. The carbon steel tanks at the Hanford Site are critical to the mission of safely managing stored HLW until it can be treated for disposal. The DOE has historically used additions of sodium hydroxide to retard corrosion processes in HLW tanks. This also increases the amount of waste to be treated. The reactions with carbon dioxide from the air and solid chemical species in the tank continually deplete the hydroxide ion concentration, which then requires continued additions. The DOE can reduce overall costs for caustic addition and treatment of waste, and more effectively utilize waste storage capacity by minimizing these chemical additions. Hydroxide addition is a means to control localized and stress corrosion cracking in carbon steel by providing a passive environment. The exact mechanism that causes nitrate to drive the corrosion process is not yet clear. The SCC is less of a concern in the newer stress relieved double shell tanks due to reduced residual stress. The optimization of waste chemistry will further reduce the propensity for SCC. The corrosion testing performed to optimize waste chemistry included cyclic potentiodynamic volarization studies. slow strain rate tests. and stress intensity factor/crack growth rate determinations. Laboratory experimental evidence suggests that nitrite is a highly effective:inhibitor for pitting and SCC in alkaline nitrate environments. Revision of the corrosion control strategies to a nitrite-based control, where there is no constant depletion mechanism as with hydroxide, should greatly enhance tank lifetime, tank space availability, and reduce downstream reprocessing costs by reducing chemical addition to the tanks.
Energy Transfer Dynamics and Dopant Luminescence in Mn-Doped CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Nanocrystals
Mn-doped II-VI semiconductor nanocrystals exhibit bright dopant photoluminescence that has potential usefulness for light emitting devices, temperature sensing, and biological imaging. The bright luminescence comes from the 4T1?6A1 transition of the Mn2+ d electrons after the exciton-dopant energy transfer, which reroutes the exciton relaxation through trapping processes. The driving force of the energy transfer is the strong exchange coupling between the exciton and Mn2+ due to the confinement of exciton in the nanocrystal. The exciton-Mn spatial overlap affecting the exchange coupling strength is an important parameter that varies the energy transfer rate and the quantum yield of Mn luminescence. In this dissertation, this correlation is studied in radial doping location-controlled Mn-doped CdS/ZnS nanocrystals. Energy transfer rate was found decreasing when increasing the doping radius in the nanocrystals at the same core size and shell thickness and when increasing the size of the nanocrystals at a fixed doping radius. In addition to the exciton-Mn energy transfer discussed above, two consecutive exciton-Mn energy transfers can also occur if multiple excitons are generated before the relaxation of Mn (lifetime ~10^-4 - 10^-2 s). The consecutive exciton-Mn energy transfer can further excite the Mn2+ d electrons high in conduction band and results in the quenching of Mn luminescence. The highly excited electrons show higher photocatalytic efficiency than the electrons in undoped nanocrystals. Finally, the effect of local lattice strain on the local vibrational frequency and local thermal expansion was observed via the temperature-dependent Mn luminescence spectral linewidth and peak position in Mn-doped CdS/ZnS nanocrystals. The local lattice strain on the Mn2+ ions is varied using the large core/shell lattice mismatch (~7%) that creates a gradient of lattice strain at various radial locations. When doping the Mn2+ closer to the core/shell interface, the stronger lattice strain softens the vibrational frequency coupled to the 4T1?6A1 transition of Mn2+ (Mn luminescence) by ~50%. In addition, the lattice strain also increases the anharmonicity, resulting in larger local thermal expansion observed from the nearly an order larger thermal shift of the Mn luminescence compared to the Mn-doped ZnS nanocrystals without the core/shell lattice mismatch.
Chen, Hsiang-Yun
OAK A271 RECENT PROGRESS IN FABRICATION OF HIGH-STRENGTH GLOW DISCHARGE POLYMER SHELLS BY OPTIMIZATION OF COATING PARAMETERS. In this paper, the authors report the progress they have made in fabrication of high-strength thin-walled glow discharge polymer (GDP) shells for cryogenic experiments at OMEGA. They have investigated a number of different parameters involved in making such shells. Optimization of hydrogen to hydrocarbon precursor flow has been observed to be critical in obtaining strong shells. They can routinely make high-strength shells of OMEGA size (900 {micro}m in diameter) with thicknesses in the range of 1.0 to 1.5 {micro}m. The permeabilities of these shells to various gases have been found to be as much as three times higher than those of lower strength shells. Run to run variability and other batch statistics are discussed.
Double-shell tank ultrasonic inspection plan. Revision 1
The waste tank systems managed by the Tank Waste Remediation System Division of Westinghouse Hanford Company includes 28 large underground double-shell tanks (DST) used for storing hazardous radioactive waste. The ultrasonic (UT) inspection of these tanks is part of their required integrity assessment (WAC 1993) as described in the tank systems integrity assessment program plan (IAPP) (Pfluger 1994a) submitted to the Ecology Department of the State of Washington. Because these tanks hold radioactive waste and are located underground examinations and inspections must be done remotely from the tank annuli with specially designed equipment. This document describes the UT inspection system (DSTI system), the qualification of the equipment and procedures, field inspection readiness, DST inspections, and post-inspection activities. Although some of the equipment required development, the UT inspection technology itself is the commercially proven and available projection image scanning technique (P-scan). The final design verification of the DSTI system will be a performance test in the Hanford DST annulus mockup that includes the demonstration of detecting and sizing corrosion-induced flaws.
Pfluger, D.C.
Bending free toroidal shells for tokamak fusion reactors
Several authors have suggested a novel shape for the toroidal field (TF) coils of a tokamak fusion reactor. Collectively, these magnet shapes have become referred to as the ''Princeton D-coil.'' This coil shape can be derived by assuming that for a thin conductor to be in a state of ''pure tension,'' its radius of curvature must be proportional to the toroidal radius. A principal disadvantage of this derivation is that out-of-plane support, a necessary feature in the design of a tokamak fusion reactor, is neglected. A derivation of a bending free toroidal shell for a tokamak fusion reactor is presented. The out-of-plane structure is considered to be an integral part of the fusion reactor and therefore its shape is optimized to produce a bending free stress distribution. This shape, which is nearly circular for aspect ratios greater than 2.5, is derived by solving the equilibrium, constitutive, and kinematic relationships for a uniform toroidal membrane. This membrane is subjected to a magnetic pressure which is inversely proportional to the square of the toroidal radius. A comparison between this bending free shape and the D-shape is presented.
Gray, W.H.; Stoddart, W.C.T.; Akin, J.E.
Double Shell Tank (DST) Diluent and Flush Subsystem Specification
The Double-Shell Tank (DST) Diluent and Flush Subsystem is intended to support Waste Feed Delivery. The DST Diluent and Flush Subsystem specification describes the relationship of this system with the DST System, describes the functions that must be performed by the system, and establishes the performance requirements to be applied to the design of the system. It also provides references for the requisite codes and standards. The DST Diluent and Flush Subsystem will treat the waste for a more favorable waste transfer. This will be accomplished by diluting the waste, dissolving the soluble portion of the waste, and flushing waste residuals from the transfer line. The Diluent and Flush Subsystem will consist of the following: The Diluent and Flush Station(s) where chemicals will be off-loaded, temporarily stored, mixed as necessary, heated, and metered to the delivery system; and A piping delivery system to deliver the chemicals to the appropriate valve or pump pit Associated support structures. This specification is intended to be the basis for new projects/installations. This specification is not intended to retroactively affect previously established project design criteria without specific direction by the program.
Double Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Pump Subsystem Specification
This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied to the Double-Shell Tank (DST) Transfer Pump Subsystem which supports the first phase of Waste Feed Delivery (WFD). This specification establishes the performance requirements and provides the references to the requisite codes and standards to be applied during the design of the DST Transfer Pump Subsystem that supports the first phase of (WFD). The DST Transfer Pump Subsystem consists of a pump for supernatant and or slurry transfer for the DSTs that will be retrieved during the Phase 1 WFD operations. This system is used to transfer low-activity waste (LAW) and high-level waste (HLW) to designated DST staging tanks. It also will deliver blended LAW and HLW feed from these staging tanks to the River Protection Project (RPP) Privatization Contractor facility where it will be processed into an immobilized waste form. This specification is intended to be the basis for new projects/installations (W-521, etc.). This specification is not intended to retroactively affect previously established project design criteria without specific direction by the program.
Emergence of the N=16 shell gap in 21O
The spectroscopy of 21O has been investigated using a radioactive 20O beam and the (d,p) reaction in inverse kinematics. The ground and first excited states have been determined to be Jpi=5/2+ and Jpi=1/2+ respectively. Two neutron unbound states were observed at excitation energies of 4.76 +- 0.10 and 6.16 +- 0.11. The spectroscopic factor deduced for the lower of these interpreted as a 3/2+ level, reveals a rather pure 0d3/2 single-particle configuration. The large energy difference between the 3/2+ and 1/2+ states is indicative of the emergence of the N=16 magic number. For the higher lying resonance, which has a character consistent with a spin-parity assignment of 3/2+ or 7/2-, a 71% branching ratio to the first 2+ state in 20O has been observed. The results are compared with new shell model calculations.
B. Fernandez-Dominguez; J. S. Thomas; W. N. Catford; F. Delaunay; S. M. Brown; N. A. Orr; M. Rejmund; N. L. Achouri; H. Al Falou; N. A. Ashwood; D. Beaumel; Y. Blumenfeld; B. A. Brown; R. Chapman; M. Chartier; N. Curtis; C. Force; G. de France; S. Franchoo; J. Guillot; P. Haigh; F. Hammache; M. Labiche; V. Lapoux; R. C. Lemmon; F. Marechal; A. Moro; B. Martin; X. Mougeot; B. Mouginot; L. Nalpas; A. Navin; N. Patterson; B. Pietras; E. C. Pollacco; A. Leprince; A. Ramus; J. A. Scarpaci; N. de S�r�ville; I. Stefan; O. Sorlin; G. Wilson
Mechanistic analysis of double-shell tank gas release
Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) is studying possible mechanisms and fluid dynamics contributing to the periodic release of gases from the double-shell waste storage tanks at Hanford. This study is being conducted for Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC), a contractor for the US Department of Energy (DOE). This interim report discusses the work done through November 1990. Safe management of the wastes at Hanford depends on an understanding of the chemical and physical mechanisms that take place in the waste tanks. An example of the need to understand these mechanisms is tank 101-SY. The waste in this tank is generating and periodically releasing potentially flammable gases into the tank vent system according to observations of the tank. How these gases are generated and become trapped, the causes of periodic release, and the mechanism of the release are not known in detail. In order to develop a safe mitigation strategy, possible physical mechanisms for the periodic release of flammable gases need to be understood.
Allemann, R.T.; Antoniak, Z.I.; Friley, J.R.; Haines, C.E.; Liljegren, L.M.; Somasundaram, S.
U.S. Refinery Normal Butane/Butylene Shell Storage Capacity as ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
U.S. Refinery Normal Butane/Butylene Shell Storage Capacity as of January 1 (Thousand Barrels) Decade Year-0 Year-1 Year-2 Year-3 Year-4 Year-5 Year-6 ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Multifunctional Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-TiO{sub 2} core-shell submicron particles were fabricated by a simple surface modification process that induces the magnetic submicron particles to be coated with a TiO{sub 2} shell. As characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, (FESEM), the as-synthesized Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-TiO{sub 2} particles exhibit a narrow size distribution with a typical size of 248 {+-} 19 nm and 8 nm in shell thickness. Magnetic measurement indicates that the as-synthesized Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4}-TiO{sub 2} core-shell particles are superparamagnetic at room temperature. Photocatalytic experiment is demonstrated by utilizing the oxidation reaction of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) with the photofunctional magnetic nanoparticles.
Choi, Kyong-Hoon [Material R and D Division, H and Global Co. Ltd., Sohadong, Gwangmyeong 423-050 (Korea, Republic of); Oh, Seung-Lim [Gangneung Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gangneung 210-702 (Korea, Republic of); Jung, Jong-Hyung; Jung, Jin-Seung [Department of Chemistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 210-702 (Korea, Republic of)
Synthesis and Properties of Multiferroic A2BB'O6@ABO3 Core/Shell ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Due to the primary requirement on the coexistence of magnetic and electric ... process for the fabrication of core/shell A2BB'O6@ABO3 nanocomposites to�...
Vanishing N=20 Shell Gap: Study of Excited States in {sup 27,28}Ne
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This Letter reports on the {sup 1}H({sup 28}Ne,{sup 28}Ne) and {sup 1}H({sup 28}Ne,{sup 27}Ne) reactions studied at intermediate energy using a liquid hydrogen target. From the cross section populating the first 2{sup +} excited state of {sup 28}Ne, and using the previously determined B(E2) value, the neutron quadrupole transition matrix element has been calculated to be M{sub n}=13.8{+-}3.7 fm{sup 2}. In the neutron knockout reaction, two low-lying excited states were populated in {sup 27}Ne. Only one of them can be interpreted by the sd shell model while the additional state may intrude from the fp shell. These experimental observations are consistent with the presence of fp shell configurations at low excitation energy in {sup 27,28}Ne nuclei caused by a vanishing N=20 shell gap at Z=10.
Dombradi, Zs.; Fueloep, Zs. [Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 51, Debrecen, H-4001 (Hungary); Elekes, Z. [Institute of Nuclear Research of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 51, Debrecen, H-4001 (Hungary); Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan); Saito, A.; Baba, H.; Demichi, K.; Gomi, T.; Hasegawa, H.; Kanno, S.; Kawai, S.; Kurita, K.; Matsuyama, Y.; Sakai, H.K.; Takeshita, E.; Togano, Y.; Yamada, K. [Rikkyo University, 3 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171 (Japan); Aoi, N.; Ishihara, M.; Kishida, T.; Kubo, T. [Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198 (Japan)] (and others)
Vibrations of a Hollow Nanosphere with a Porous Thin Shell in Liquid
*,, The Open Laboratory of Bond-Selective Chemistry, Departmental of Chemical Physics, University of Science time, Rayleigh3 discussed the flexural vibrations of an open shell or bowl, which is different from
Wu, Chi
Microsoft Word - Little Shell Final Draft CX 7-15-2013
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Little Shell Property funding Fish and Wildlife Project No. and Contract No.: 2002-003-00, BPA-007168 Categorical Exclusion Applied (from Subpart D, 10 C.F.R. Part 1021): B1.25...
Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment Print A threshold law describes the dependence of a reaction yield near a reaction threshold. It is also a...
Carbonate clumped isotope compositions of modern marine mollusk and brachiopod shells
, leaving the oxygen isotope paleother- mometer underdetermined in most geologic applicationsCarbonate clumped isotope compositions of modern marine mollusk and brachiopod shells Gregory A, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA b Department of Geological & Atmospheric Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
Grossman, Ethan L.
This study evaluates and identifies a construction method for cutting a hole in a single-shell tank dome. This study also identifies and evaluates vendors for performing the cut.
Radar cross-section formulation of a shell-shaped projectile using modified PO analysis
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A physical optics based method is presented for calculation of monostatic Radar Cross-Section (RCS) of a shell-shaped projectile. The projectile is modeled using differential geometry. The paper presents a detailed analysis procedure for RCS formulation ...
Mohammad Asif Zaman; Md. Abdul Matin
Combinatorial synthesis of chemically diverse core-shell nanoparticles for intracellular delivery
Analogous to an assembly line, we employed a modular design for the high-throughput study of 1,536 structurally distinct nanoparticles with cationic cores and variable shells. This enabled elucidation of complexation, ...
Siegwart, Daniel
A Shell/3D Modeling Technique for the Analysis of Delaminated Composite Laminates
A shell/3D modeling technique developed which local three-dimensional solid finite element model used only immediate vicinity delamination front. The goal was combine the accuracy the three-dimensional solution with the computational efficiency plate shell finite element model. Multi-point constraints provided kinematically compatible interface between local three-dimensional model global structural model which has been meshed with plate shell finite elements. Double Cantilever Beam (DCB), Notched Flexure (ENF), Single Bending (SLB) specimens were modeled using shell/3D technique study feasibility pure mode (DCB), mode (ENF) mixed mode I/II (SLB) cases. Mixed mode strain energy release rate distributions were computed across the width specimens using virtual crack closure technique. Specimens a unidirectional layup and with multidirectional layup where delamination located between two non-zero degree plies were simulated. For a local three-dimensional model, extending minimum about thr...
Ronald Krueger; T. Kevin O' Brien
A new shell for the development of alarm pattern recognition expert systems
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This paper presents the first version of GENESIS, an expert system shell suitable for the development of alarm pattern recognition expert systems (APRES). GENESIS Includes a series of algorithms and procedures especially designed for a rapid and systematic ...
Juan Arellano; Yalu Galicia; Edgar C. Ramirez Dominguez
Hanford Determines Double-Shell Tank Leaked Waste From Inner Tank |
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Determines Double-Shell Tank Leaked Waste From Inner Tank Determines Double-Shell Tank Leaked Waste From Inner Tank Hanford Determines Double-Shell Tank Leaked Waste From Inner Tank October 22, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Media Contacts Lori Gamache, ORP 509-372-9130 John Britton, WRPS 509-376-5561 RICHLAND - The Department of Energy's Office of River Protection (ORP), working with its Hanford tank operations contractor Washington River Protection Solutions, has determined that there is a slow leak of chemical and radioactive waste into the annulus space in Tank AY-102, the approximately 30-inch area between the inner primary tank and the outer tank that serves as the secondary containment for these types of tanks. This is the first time a double-shell tank (DST) leak from the primary tank into the annulus has been identified. There is no indication of waste in
U-157: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command Injection
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
57: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command 57: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command Injection Vulnerabilities U-157: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command Injection Vulnerabilities April 27, 2012 - 7:00am Addthis PROBLEM: Ruby Mail Gem Directory Traversal and Shell Command Injection Vulnerabilities PLATFORM: Mail gem for Ruby 2.x ABSTRACT: Some vulnerabilities have been reported in the Mail gem for Ruby, which can be exploited by malicious people to manipulate certain data and compromise a vulnerable system. Reference Links: Secunia Advisory SA48970 CVE-2012-2139 CVE-2012-2140 IMPACT ASSESSMENT: Medium Discussion: Input passed via the "to" parameter within the file delivery method is not properly verified before being used and can be exploited to modify arbitrary files via directory traversal attacks. Certain input passed to
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of September 30, 2010 -
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity With Data for September 2010 | Release Date: July 28, 2011 Working and Net Available Shell Storage Capacity as of September 30, 2010 is the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) first report containing semi-annual storage capacity data. It includes three tables detailing working and net available shell storage capacity by facility type, product, and PAD District as of September 30, 2010. EIA has reported weekly and monthly inventory levels of crude oil and petroleum products for decades. New storage capacity data can help analysts place petroleum inventory levels in context and better understand petroleum market activity and price movements, especially at key market centers such as Cushing, Oklahoma.
Retrieval of Ninth Single-Shell Tank Complete | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Retrieval of Ninth Single-Shell Tank Complete Retrieval of Ninth Single-Shell Tank Complete Retrieval of Ninth Single-Shell Tank Complete September 6, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Media Contacts Lori Gamache, ORP 509-372-9130 Rob Roxburgh, WRPS 509-376-5188 Richland - Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) has completed the retrieval of radioactive and chemical waste from single-shell tank (SST) C-104, an underground storage tank that once held 259,000 gallons of waste left over from nuclear weapons production at Hanford. WRPS is the tank operations contractor for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of River Protection (ORP). Tank C-104 is a 530,000-gallon-capacity SST that once contained the second-highest waste volume of the 16 SSTs in Hanford's C Farm, including a significant amount of plutonium and uranium.
Radial heterostructure nanowires offer the possibility of surface, strain, band-edge and modulution-doped engineering for optimizing performance of nanowire transistors. Synthesis of such heterostructures is non-trivial and is typically accompanied with Au diffusion on the nanowire sidewalls that result in rough morphology and undesired whisker growth. Here, they report a novel growth procedure to synthesize Ge/Si core/multi-shell nanowires by engineering the growth interface between the Au seed and the nanowire sidewalls. Single crystal Ge/Si core/multi-shell nanowires are used to fabricate side-by-side FET transistors with and without Au diffusion. Elimination of Au diffusion in the synthesis of such structures led to {approx} 2X improvement in hole field-effect mobility, transconductances and currents. Initial prototype devices with a 10 nm PECVD nitride gate dielectric resulted in a record maximum on current of 430 {micro}A/V (I{sub DS}L{sub G}/{pi}DV{sub DS}), {approx} 2X higher than ever achieved before in a p-type FET.
Picraux, Samuel T [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dayeh, Shadi A [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Features of the electronic spectrum in a type-I core - shell quantum dot
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The model is proposed, which allows one to solve the problem of finding the energy spectrum and the wave function of an electron in a type-I core - shell quantum dot. It is shown that the size of the core and shell can serve as control parameters for the optimisation of the energy structure of the quantum dot in order to obtain the real structures with desired electrophysical and optical properties. (quantum dots)
Igoshina, S E; Karmanov, A A [Penza State University, Penza (Russian Federation)
Controllable synthesis of a novel hedgehog-like core/shell structure
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A novel hedgehog-like core/shell structure, consisting of a high density of vertically aligned graphene sheets and a thin graphene shell/a copper core (VGs-GS/CC), has been synthesized via a simple one-step synthesis route using radio-frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy investigations show that the morphology of this core/shell material could be controlled by deposition time. For a short deposition time, only multilayer graphene shell tightly surrounds the copper particle, while as the deposition time is relative long, graphene sheets extend from the surface of GS/CC. The GS can protect CC particles from oxidation. The growth mechanism for the obtained GS/CC and VGs-GS/CC has been revealed. Compared to VGs, VGs-GS/CC material exhibits a better electron field emission property. This investigation opens a possibility for designing a core/shell structure of different carbon-metal hybrid materials for a wide variety of practical applications. - Graphical abstract: With increasing deposition time, graphene sheets extend from the surface of GS/CC, causing the multilayer graphene encapsulated copper to be converted into vertically aligned graphene sheets-graphene shell/copper core structure. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A novel hedgehog-like core/shell structure has been synthesized. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The structure consists of vertical graphene sheets-graphene shell and copper core. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The morphology of VGs-GS/CC can be controlled by choosing a proper deposition time. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer With increasing deposition time, graphene sheets extend from the surface of GS/CC. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer VGs-GS/CC exhibits a better electron field emission property as compared with VGs.
Wang Shumin; Tian Hongwei; Pei Yanhui; Meng Qingnan; Chen Jianli; Wang Huan; Zeng Yi [Department of Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Mobile Materials, MOE, and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Zheng Weitao, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Mobile Materials, MOE, and State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, Jilin University, Changchun 130012 (China); Liu Yichun [Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Laboratory for UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024 (China)
Unique Challenges Accompany Thick-Shell CdSe/nCdS (n > 10) Nanocrystal Synthesis
Thick-shell CdSe/nCdS (n {ge} 10) nanocrystals were recently reported that show remarkably suppressed fluorescence intermittency or 'blinking' at the single-particle level as well as slow rates of Auger decay. Unfortunately, whereas CdSe/nCdS nanocrystal synthesis is well-developed up to n {le} 6 CdS monolayers (MLs), reproducible syntheses for n {ge} 10 MLs are less understood. Known procedures sometimes result in homogeneous CdS nucleation instead of heterogeneous, epitaxial CdS nucleation on CdSe, leading to broad and multimodal particle size distributions. Critically, obtained core/shell sizes are often below those desired. This article describes synthetic conditions specific to thick-shell growth (n {ge} 10 and n {ge} 20 MLs) on both small (sub2 nm) and large (>4.5 nm) CdSe cores. We find added secondary amine and low concentration of CdSe cores and molecular precursors give desired core/shell sizes. Amine-induced, partial etching of CdSe cores results in apparent shell-thicknesses slightly beyond those desired, especially for very-thick shells (n {ge} 20 MLs). Thermal ripening and fast precursor injection lead to undesired homogeneous CdS nucleation and incomplete shell growth. Core/shells derived from small CdSe (1.9 nm) have longer PL lifetimes and more pronounced blinking at single-particle level compared with those derived from large CdSe (4.7 nm). We expect our new synthetic approach will lead to a larger throughput of these materials, increasing their availability for fundamental studies and applications.
Guo, Y; Marchuk, K; Abraham, R; Sampat, S; Abraham, R.; Fang, N; Malko, AV; Vela, J
Preferential CO Oxidation in Hydrogen: Reactivity of Core-Shell Nanoparticles
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We report on the first-principles-guided design, synthesis, and characterization of core-shell nanoparticle (NP) catalysts made of a transition metal core (M ) Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, or Au) covered with a ?1-2 monolayer thick shell of Pt atoms (i.e., a M@Pt core-shell NP). An array of experimental techniques, including X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, and temperature-programmed reaction, are employed to establish the composition of the synthesized NPs. Subsequent studies of these NPs� catalytic properties for preferential CO oxidation in hydrogen-rich environments (PROX), combined with Density Functional Theory (DFT)-based mechanistic studies, elucidate important trends and provide fundamental understanding of the reactivity of Pt shells as a function of the core metal. Both the PROX activity and selectivity of several of these M@Pt core-shell NPs are significantly improved compared to monometallic and bulk nonsegregated bimetallic nanoalloys. Among the systems studied, Ru@Pt core-shell NPs exhibit the highest PROX activity, where the CO oxidation is complete by 30 �C (1000 ppm CO in H2). Therefore, despite their reduced Pt content, M@Pt core-shell NPs afford the design of more active PROX catalysts. DFT studies suggest that the relative differences in the catalytic activities for the various core-shell NPs originate from a combination of (i) the relative availability of CO-free Pt surface sites on the M@Pt NPs, which are necessary for O2 activation, and (ii) a hydrogen-mediated low-temperature CO oxidation process that is clearly distinct from the traditional bifunctional CO oxidation mechanism.
Nilekar, Anand U.; Alayoglu, Selim; Eichhorn, Bryan W.; Mavrikakis, Manos
Review of technologies for the pretreatment of retrieved single-shell tank waste at Hanford
The purpose of the study reported here was to identify and evaluate innovative processes that could be used to pretreat mixed waste retrieved from the 149 single-shell tanks (SSTs) on the US Department of Energy`s (DOE) Hanford site. The information was collected as part of the Single Shell Tank Waste Treatment project at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The project is being conducted for Westinghouse Hanford Company under their SST Disposal Program.
Gerber, M.A.
Review of technologies for the pretreatment of retrieved single-shell tank waste at Hanford
The purpose of the study reported here was to identify and evaluate innovative processes that could be used to pretreat mixed waste retrieved from the 149 single-shell tanks (SSTs) on the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Hanford site. The information was collected as part of the Single Shell Tank Waste Treatment project at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The project is being conducted for Westinghouse Hanford Company under their SST Disposal Program.
Gerber, M.A.
Thin shell wormhole due to dyadosphere of a charged black hole
To explain Gamma Ray Bursts, Ruffini argued that the event horizon of a charged black hole is surrounded by a special region called, the Dyadosphere where electric field exceeds the critical value for $e^+$ $e^-$ pair production. In the present work, we construct a thin shell wormhole by performing a thought surgery between two dadospheres. Several physical properties of this thin shell wormhole have been analyzed.
F. Rahaman; M. Kalam; K A Rahman
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A three-dimensional (3-D) method of analysis is presented for determining the free vibration frequencies and mode shapes of solid paraboloids and complete (that is, without a top opening) paraboloidal shells of revolution with variable wall thickness. ... Keywords: Complete paraboloidal shells, Ritz method, Shells of revolution, Solid paraboloids, Thick shell, Three-dimensional analysis, Variable thickness, Vibration
Jae-Hoon Kang; Arthur W. Leissa
Shell Structure from 100Sn to 78Ni: Implications for Nuclear Astrophysics
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The single-particle structure and shell gap of {sup 100}Sn is inferred from prompt in-beam and delayed {gamma}-ray spectroscopy of seniority and spin-gap isomers. Recent results in {sup 94, 95}Ag and {sup 98}Cd stress the importance of large-scale shell model calculations employing realistic interactions for the isomerism, np-nh excitations and E2 polarization of the {sup 100}Sn core. The strong monopole interaction of the {Delta}l = 0 spin-flip partners {pi}g{sub 9/2-} {nu}g{sub 7/2} in N = 51 isotones below {sup 100}Sn is echoed in the {Delta}l = 1 pf5/2- ?g9/2 pair of nucleons, which is decisive for the persistence of the N = 50 shell gap in {sup 78}Ni. This is corroborated by recent experimental data on {sup 70, 76}Ni, {sup 78}Zn. The importance of monopole driven shell evolution for the appearance of new shell closures in neutron-rich nuclei and implications for r-process abundances near the N = 82 shell is discussed.
Grawe, Hubert H [ORNL; Blazhev, A. [Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Germany; Gorska, M. [Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Germany; Mukha, I. [Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Germany; Plettner, C. [Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Germany; Roeckl, E. [Gesellschaft fur Schwerionenforschung (GSI), Germany; Nowacki, F. [IReS, Strasbourg, Cedex, France; Grzywacz, Robert Kazimierz [ORNL; Sawicka, M. [University of Warsaw
A Yolk-Shell Design for Stabilized and Scalable Li-Ion Battery Alloy Anodes
Silicon is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation lithium-ion batteries. For use in practical applications, a Si electrode must have high capacity, long cycle life, high efficiency, and the fabrication must be industrially scalable. Here, we design and fabricate a yolk-shell structure to meet all these needs. The fabrication is carried out without special equipment and mostly at room temperature. Commercially available Si nanoparticles are completely sealed inside conformal, thin, self-supporting carbon shells, with rationally designed void space in between the particles and the shell. The well-defined void space allows the Si particles to expand freely without breaking the outer carbon shell, therefore stabilizing the solid-electrolyte interphase on the shell surface. High capacity (?2800 mAh/g at C/10), long cycle life (1000 cycles with 74% capacity retention), and high Coulombic efficiency (99.84%) have been realized in this yolk-shell structured Si electrode.
Liu, Nian; Wu, Hui; Mcdowell, Matthew T.; Yao, Yan; Wang, Chong M.; Cui, Yi
Bandgap Engineering of InP QDs Through Shell Thickness and Composition
Fields as diverse as biological imaging and telecommunications utilize the unique photophysical and electronic properties of nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs). The development of new NQD compositions promises material properties optimized for specific applications, while addressing material toxicity. Indium phosphide (InP) offers a 'green' alternative to the traditional cadmium-based NQDs, but suffers from extreme susceptibility to oxidation. Coating InP cores with more stable shell materials significantly improves nanocrystal resistance to oxidation and photostability. We have investigated several new InP-based core-shell compositions, correlating our results with theoretical predictions of their optical and electronic properties. Specifically, we can tailor the InP core-shell QDs to a type-I, quasi-type-II, or type-II bandgap structure with emission wavelengths ranging from 500-1300 nm depending on the shell material used (ZnS, ZnSe, CdS, or CdSe) and the thickness of the shell. Single molecule microscopy assessments of photobleaching and blinking are used to correlate NQD properties with shell thickness.
Dennis, Allison M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mangum, Benjamin D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Piryatinski, Andrei [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Young-Shin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Htoon, Han [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Superparamagnetic iron oxide cores were synthesized by co-precipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts and subsequently stabilized by coating with different catechols (levodopa, dopamine, hydrocaffeic acid, dopamine-containing carboxymethyl dextran) known to act as high-affinity, bidentate ligands for Fe(III). The prepared stable magnetic fluids were characterized with regard to their chemical composition (content of iron and shell material, Fe(II)/Fe(III) ratio) and their physical properties (size, surface charge, magnetic parameters). The nanoparticles showed no or only slight cytotoxic effects within 1 and 4 days of incubation with 3T3 fibroblast cells. Preliminary experiments were performed to study the interaction of the prepared nanoparticles with human MCF-7 breast cancer cells and leukocytes. An intense interaction of the MCF-7 cells with these particles was found whereas the leukocytes showed a lower tendency of interaction. Based on these finding, the novel magnetic nanoparticles possess the potential for use in depletion of tumor cells from peripheral blood.
Wagner, Kerstin; Seemann, Thomas; Wyrwa, Ralf; Schnabelrauch, Matthias [Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e. V., Pruessingstrasse 27 B, D-07745 Jena (Germany); Clement, Joachim H. [Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital Jena, Erlanger Allee 101, D-07740 Jena (Germany); Mueller, Robert [Institute of Photonic Technology, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 9, D-07745 Jena (Germany); Nietzsche, Sandor [Center for Electron Microscopy, University Hospital Jena, Ziegelmuehlenweg 1, D-07743 Jena (Germany)
The ability to effectively mix, sample, certify, and deliver consistent batches of high level waste (HLW) feed from the Hanford double shell tanks (DSTs) to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) presents a significant mission risk with potential to impact mission length and the quantity of HLW glass produced. The Department of Energy's (DOE's) Tank Operations Contractor (TOC), Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS) is currently demonstrating mixing, sampling, and batch transfer performance in two different sizes of small-scale DSTs. The results of these demonstrations will be used to estimate full-scale DST mixing performance and provide the key input to a programmatic decision on the need to build a dedicated feed certification facility. This paper discusses the results from initial mixing demonstration activities and presents data evaluation techniques that allow insight into the performance relationships of the two small tanks. The next steps, sampling and batch transfers, of the small scale demonstration activities are introduced. A discussion of the integration of results from the mixing, sampling, and batch transfer tests to allow estimating full-scale DST performance is presented.
The ability to effectively mix, sample, certify, and deliver consistent batches of High Level Waste (HLW) feed from the Hanford Double Shell Tanks (DST) to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) presents a significant mission risk with potential to impact mission length and the quantity of HLW glass produced. DOE's River Protection Project (RPP) mission modeling and WTP facility modeling assume that individual 3785 cubic meter (l million gallon) HLW feed tanks are homogenously mixed, representatively sampled, and consistently delivered to the WTP. It has been demonstrated that homogenous mixing ofHLW sludge in Hanford DSTs is not likely achievable with the baseline design thereby causing representative sampling and consistent feed delivery to be more difficult. Inconsistent feed to the WTP could cause additional batch-to-batch operational adjustments that reduce operating efficiency and have the potential to increase the overall mission length. The Hanford mixing and sampling demonstration program will identify DST mixing performance capability, will evaluate representative sampling techniques, and will estimate feed batch consistency. An evaluation of demonstration program results will identify potential mission improvement considerations that will help ensure successful mission completion. This paper will discuss the history, progress, and future activities that will define and mitigate the mission risk.
Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste
It is possible to retrieve a large fraction of soluble waste from the Hanford single-shell waste tanks (SST) by dissolving it with water. This retrieval method will be demonstrated in U-107 and S-112 in the next few years. If saltcake dissolution proves practical and effective, many of the saltcake SSTs may be retrieved by this method. Many of the SSTs retain a large volume of flammable gas that will be released into the tank headspace as the waste dissolves. This report describes the physical processes that control dissolution and gas release. Calculation results are shown describing the headspace hydrogen concentration transient during dissolution. The observed spontaneous and induced gas releases from SSTs is summarized and the dissolution of the crust layer in SY-101 is discussed as a recent example of full-scale dissolution of saltcake containing a very large volume of retained gas. The report concludes that the dissolution rate is self limiting and gas release rates are relatively low.
Stewart, Charles W
Gas Releases During Saltcake Dissolution for Retrieval of Single-Shell Tank Waste, Rev. 1
It is possible to retrieve a large fraction of soluble waste from the Hanford single-shell waste tanks (SSTs) by dissolving it with water. This retrieval method will be demonstrated in Tanks U-107 and S-112 in the next few years. If saltcake dissolution proves practical and effective, many of the saltcake SSTs may be retrieved by this method. Many of the SSTs retain flammable gas that will be released into the tank headspace as the waste dissolves. This report describes the physical processes that control dissolution and gas release. Calculation results are shown and describe how the headspace hydrogen concentration evolves during dissolution. The observed spontaneous and induced gas releases from SSTs are summarized, and the dissolution of the crust layer in SY-101 is discussed as a recent example of full-scale dissolution of saltcake containing a large volume of retained gas. The report concludes that the dissolution rate is self-limiting and that gas release rates are relatively low.
Stewart, Charles W
Towards a Sustainable Energy Balance: Progressive Efficiency and the Return of Energy Conservation
and the rebound effect." Energy Policy. 28 (6/7), 425-432.rebound effect�a survey," Energy Policy, 2000. Meier, A . (A self-deception in energy policy." Energy & Environment,
Harris, Jeff
Single-shell tank closure work plan. Revision A
In January 1994, the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Conset Order (Tri-Party Agreement) was amended to reflect a revised strategy for remediation of radioactive waste in underground storage tanks. These amendments include milestones for closure of the single-shell tank (SST) operable units, to be initiated by March 2012 and completed by September 2024. This SST-CWP has been prepared to address the principal topical areas identified in Tri-Party Agreement Milestone M-45-06 (i.e., regulatory pathway, operable unit characterization, waste retrieval, technology development, and a strategy for achieving closure). Chapter 2.0 of this SST-CWP provides a brief description of the environmental setting, SST System, the origin and characteristics of SST waste, and ancillary equipment that will be remediated as part of SST operable unit closure. Appendix 2A provides a description of the hydrogeology of the Hanford Site, including information on the unsaturated sediments (vadose zone) beneath the 200 Areas Plateau. Chapter 3.0 provides a discussion of the laws and regulations applicable to closure of the SST farm operable units. Chapter 4.0 provides a summary description of the ongoing characterization activities that best align with the proposed regulatory pathway for closure. Chapter 5.0 describes aspects of the SST waste retrieval program, including retrieval strategy, technology, and sequence, potential tank leakage during retrieval, and considerations of deployment of subsurface barriers. Chapter 6.0 outlines a proposed strategy for closure. Chapter 7.0 provides a summary of the programs underway or planned to develop technologies to support closure. Ca. 325 refs.
Recently, Banados, Silk and West (BSW) showed that the total energy of two colliding test particles has no upper limit in their center of mass frame in the neighborhood of an extreme Kerr black hole, even if these particles were at rest at infinity in the infinite past. We call this mechanism the BSW mechanism or BSW process. The large energy of such particles would generate strong gravity, although this has not been taken into account in the BSW analysis. A similar mechanism is seen in the collision of two spherical test shells in the neighborhood of an extreme Reissner-Nordstroem black hole. In this paper, in order to draw some implications concerning the effects of gravity generated by colliding particles in the BSW process, we study a collision of two spherical dust shells, since their gravity can be exactly treated. We show that the energy of two colliding shells in the center of mass frame observable from infinity has an upper limit due to their own gravity. Our result suggests that an upper limit also exists for the total energy of colliding particles in the center of mass frame in the observable domain in the BSW process due the gravity of the particles.
Kimura, Masashi; Nakao, Ken-ichi [Department of Mathematics and Physics, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, 3-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi, Osaka 558-8585 (Japan); Tagoshi, Hideyuki [Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka 560-0043 (Japan)
Polaron effect-dependent third-order optical susceptibility in a ZnS/CdSe quantum dot quantum well
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The effect of the electron-phonon interaction on the third-harmonic is investigated theoretically for electrons confined in a core-shell quantum dot. The interactions of electrons with different phonon modes in the core-shell system, including the confined ... Keywords: 42.65.An, 71.38.-k, 78.67.Hc, Core-shell quantum dot, Nonlinear optical susceptibility, Polarons
Zhihong Chen; Duanzheng Yao; Xi Zhang; Tianhong Fang
The Human Dimensions of Net Zero Buildings:
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... Advanced Metering Initiatives and Residential Feedback Programs: A Meta ... the Rebound Effect with Energy Resource Management and People ...
Process-Dependent Properties in Colloidally Synthesized �Giant� Core/Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots
Due to their characteristic bright and stable photoluminescence, semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) have attracted much interest as efficient light emitters for applications from single-particle tracking to solid-state lighting. Despite their numerous enabling traits, however, NQD optical properties are frustratingly sensitive to their chemical environment, exhibit fluorescence intermittency ('blinking'), and are susceptible to Auger recombination, an efficient nonradiative decay process. Previously, we showed for the first time that colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) comprising ultrathick shells (number of shell monolayers, n, > 10) grown by protracted successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) leads to remarkable photostability and significantly suppressed blinking behavior as a function of increasing shell thickness. We have also shown that these so-called 'giant' NQDs (g-NQDs) afford nearly complete suppression of non-radiative Auger recombination, revealed in our studies as long biexciton lifetimes and efficient multiexciton emission. The unique behavior of this core/shell system prompted us to assess correlations between specific physicochemical properties - beyond shell thickness - and functionality. Here, we demonstrate the ability of particle shape/faceting, crystalline phase, and core size to determine ensemble and single-particle optical properties (quantum yield/brightness, blinking, radiative lifetimes). Significantly, we show how reaction process parameters (surface-stabilizing ligands, ligand:NQD ratio, choice of 'inert' solvent, and modifications to the SILAR method itself) can be tuned to modify these function-dictating NQD physical properties, ultimately leading to an optimized synthetic approach that results in the complete suppression of blinking. We find that the resulting 'guiding principles' can be applied to other NQD compositions, allowing us to achieve non-blinking behavior in the near-infrared. Lastly, in addition to realizing novel light-emission properties by refining nanoscale architectures at the single-NQD level, we also investigate collective properties by assembling our core/shell NQDs into larger scale arrays.
Hollingsworth, Jennifer A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Ghosh, Yagnaseni [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dennis, Allison M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mangum, Benjamin D. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Young-Shin [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Kundu, Janardan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Htoon, Han [Los Alamos National Laboratory
I3: Development of Core-shell Structured Multiferroic ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A8: Microstructural Investigation of Nano-Calcium Phosphates Doped with Fluoride Ions .... D7: Surfactant Structure�property Relationship: Effect of Polypropylene ... E4: The Effect of Monobutyl Ether Ethylene Glycol on the Conductivity and�...
Polystyrene microshells filled with deuterium and tritium gas are important target shells for inertially confined fusion (ICF) and are particularly promising for target containing spin-polarized hydrogens fuels. A currently active approach to the latter uses polarized D in HD, in a method which requires preservation of the high purity of the initially prepared HD (very low specified H{sub 2} and D{sub 2} concentrations). This would not be possible if dissociation should occur during permeation into the target shells. We have thus tested polystyrene shells using a novel method which employs very pure polystyrene shells using a novel method which employs very pure ortho-D{sub 2} as the test gas. An upper limit of 6 {times} 10{sup {minus}4} was deduced for the dissociation of D{sub 2} upon room temperature permeation through an approximately 8 um wall of polystyrene, clearing the way for use of polystyrene target shells for ICF fusion experiments with spin-polarized hydrogens fuels. 19 refs., 1 fig.
Honig, A.; Alexander, N.; Fan, Q. (Syracuse Univ., NY (USA). Dept. of Physics); Gram, R.; Kim, H. (Rochester Univ., NY (USA). Lab. for Laser Energetics)
Radiation-reaction in classical offshell electrodynamics: I. The above mass-shell case
Offshell electrodynamics based on a manifestly covariant off-shell relativistic dynamics of Stueckelberg, Horwitz and Piron, is five-dimensional. In this paper, we study the problem of radiation reaction of a particle in motion in this framework. In particular, the case of above-mass-shell is studied in detail, where the renormalization of the Lorentz force leads to a system of non-linear differential equations for 3 Lorentz scalars. The system is then solved numerically, where it is shown that the mass-shell deviation scalar $\\ve$ either smoothly falls down to 0 (this result provides a mechanism for the mass stability of the off-shell theory), or strongly diverges under more extreme conditions. In both cases, no runaway motion is observed. Stability analysis indicates that the system seems to have chaotic behavior in the divergent case. It is also shown that, although a motion under which the mass-shell deviation $\\ve$ is constant but not-zero, is indeed possible, but, it is unstable, and eventually it either decays to 0 or diverges.
I. Aharonovich; L. P. Horwitz
The jump-off velocity of an impulsively loaded spherical shell
We consider a constant temperature spherical shell of isotropic, homogeneous, linearly elastic material with density {rho} and Lame coefficients {lambda} and {mu}. The inner and outer radii of the shell are r{sub i} and r{sub o}, respectively. We assume that the inside of the shell is a void. On the outside of the shell, we apply a uniform, time-varying pressure p(t). We also assume that the shell is initially at rest. We want to compute the jump-off time and velocity of the pressure wave, which are the first time after t = 0 at which the pressure wave from the outer surface reaches the inner surface. This analysis computes the jump-off velocity and time for both compressible and incompressible materials. This differs substantially from [3], where only incompressible materials are considered. We will consider the behavior of an impulsively loaded, exponentially decaying pressure wave p(t) = P{sub 0{sup e}}{sup -{alpha}t}, where {alpha} {ge} 0. We notice that a constant pressure wave P(t) = P{sub 0} is a special case ({alpha} = 0) of a decaying pressure wave. Both of these boundary conditions are considered in [3].
Chabaud, Brandon M. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Brock, Jerry S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Flexible Zn2SnO4/MnO2 Core/Shell Nanocable-Carbon Microfiber ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Presentation Title, Flexible Zn2SnO4/MnO2 Core/Shell Nanocable-Carbon Microfiber Hybrid Composites for High-Performance Supercapacitor Electrodes.
??This thesis investigates how oil corporations in Nigeria govern citizens through the implementation of certain corporate responsibility initiatives. The examination of ExxonMobil, Shell, and Chevron,� (more)
Zawada, Anna
RCRA Assessment Plan for Single-Shell Tank Waste Management Area A-AX at the Hanford Site
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This document describes a groundwater assessment plan for the single-shell tank systems in Waste Management Area A-AX at the Hanford Site.
Narbutovskih, Susan M.; Chou, Charissa J.
Preliminary design requirements document for the initial single-shell tank retrieval system
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The scope of this Preliminary Design Requirements Document is to identify and define the functions, with associated requirements, which must be performed to demonstrate and accomplish the initial single-shell tank saltcake retrieval from selected tanks. This document sets forth functions, requirements, performance requirements and design constraints necessary to begin conceptual design for the Initial Single-shell Tank Retrieval System. System and physical interfaces between the Initial Single-shell Tank Retrieval System project and the Tank Waste Remediation are identified. The constraints, performance requirements, and transfer of information and data across a technical interface will be documented in an Interface Control Document. The design requirements provided in this document will be augmented by additional detailed design to be documented by the project.
Hertzel, J.S., Westinghouse Hanford
A Survey of Vapors in the Headspaces of Single-Shell Waste Tanks
This report summarizes data on the organic vapors in the single-shell high level radioactive waste tanks at the Hanford site to support a forthcoming toxicological study. All data were obtained from the Tank Characterization Database (PNNL 1999). The TCD contains virtually all the available tank headspace characterization data from 1992 to the present, and includes data for 109 different single-shell waste tanks. Each single-shell tank farm and all major waste types are represented. Descriptions of the sampling and analysis methods have been given elsewhere (Huckaby et al. 1995, Huckaby et al. 1996), and references for specific data are available in the TCD. This is a revision of a report with the same title issued on March 1, 2000 (Stock and Huckaby 2000).
Stock, Leon M.; Huckaby, James L.
Analysis of field-performance data on shell-and-tube heat exchangers in geothermal service
Analysis of field performance data from a binary cycle test loop using geothermal brine and a hydrocarbon working fluid is reported. Results include test loop operational problems, and shell-and-tube heat exchanger performance factors such as overall heat transfer coefficients, film coefficients, pinch points, and pressure drops. Performance factors are for six primary heaters having brine in the tubes and hydrocarbon in the shells in counterflow, and for a condenser having cooling water in the tubes and hydrocarbon in the shell. Working fluids reported are isobutane, 90/10 isobutane/isopentane, and 80/20 isobutane/isopentane. Performance factors are for heating each working fluid at supercritical conditions in the vicinity of their critical pressure and temperature and condensing the same fluid.
Silvester, L.F.; Doyle, P.T.
Analysis of leakage magnetic problems in shell-form power transformer
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The principles of minimized magnetic energy and voltage equilibrium have been combined with the finite element method to solve the leakage magnetic field problems coupled with an unknown ampere-turn distribution in the shell-form power transformer. Based on the leakage magnetic field calculated, the eddy current and circulating current losses in the coils are further computed. The calculated results are consistent with measured values for a model of a shell-form transformer. Above principles are applied to the windings design of a 50MVA three-phase prototype shell-form power transformer. The calculated results show that the largest circulating current in strands of the low-voltage coils near two ends of each phase winding is greatly reduced to 11% from 98% of the rated current in each strand by placing the copper-shielding on these ends.
Cui Xiang; Yuan Jinsha [North China Electric Power Univ., Baoding, Hebei (China). Dept. of Electrical Engineering; Zhang Guoqiang; Zhang Yuanlu; Hu Qifan [Baoding Tian Wei Group Co., Ltd., Baoding, Hebei (China). Div. of Large Power Transformer
Machining, Assembly, and Characterization of a Meso-Scale Double Shell Target
Several issues related to the manufacture of precision meso-scale assemblies have been identified as part of an effort to fabricate an assembly consisting of machined polymer hemispherical shells and machined aerogel. The assembly, a double shell laser target, is composed of concentric spherical layers that were machined on a lathe and then assembled. This production effort revealed several meso-scale manufacturing techniques that worked well, such as the machining of aerogel with cutting tools to form low density structures, and the development of an assembly manipulator that allows control of the assembly forces to within a few milliNewtons. Limitations on the use of vacuum chucks for meso-scale components were also identified. Many of the lessons learned in this effort are not specific to double shell targets and may be relevant to the production of other meso-scale devices.
Bono, M J; Hibbard, R L
Nuclear Shell Structure and Beta Decay I. Odd A Nuclei II. Even A Nuclei
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
In Part I a systematics is given of all transitions for odd A nuclei for which sufficiently reliable data are available. The allowed or forbidden characters of the transitions are correlated with the positions of the initial and final odd nucleon groups in the nuclear shell scheme. The nuclear shells show definite characteristics with respect to parity of the ground states. The latter is the same as the one obtained from known spins and magnetic moments in a one-particle interpretation. In Part II a systematics of the beta transitions of even-A nuclei is given. An interpretation of the character of the transitions in terms of nuclear shell structure is achieved on the hypothesis that the odd nucleon groups have the same structure as in odd-A nuclei, together with a simple coupling rule between the neutron and proton groups in odd-odd nuclei.
Mayer, M.G.; Moszkowski, S.A.; Nordheim, L.W.
Shell model half-lives for r-process N=82 nuclei
We have performed shell-model calculations of the half-lives and neutron-branching probabilities of the r-process waiting point nuclei at the magic neutron number N=82. These new calculations use a larger model space than previous shell model studies and an improved residual interaction which is adjusted to recent spectroscopic data around A=130. Our shell-model results give a good account of all experimentally known half-lives and $Q_\\beta$-values for the N=82 r-process waiting point nuclei. Our half-life predictions for the N=82 nuclei with Z=42--46 agree well with recent estimates based in the energy-density functional method.
J. J. Cuenca-Garcia; G. Martinez-Pinedo; K. Langanke; F. Nowacki; I. N. Borzov
Hanford Double-Shell Tank Inspection Annual Report Calendar Year 2012
The double-shell tanks (DSTs) were constructed between 1968 and 1986. They will have exceeded their design life before the waste can be removed and trasferred to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant for vitrification. The Double-Shell Tank Integrity Project has been established to evaluate tank aging, and ensure that each tank is structurally sound for continued use. This is the first issue of the Double-Shell Tank Inspection Annual Report. The purpose of this issue is to summarize the results of DST inspections conducted from the beginnng of the inspection program through the end of CY2012. Hereafter, the report will be updated annually with summaries of the past year's DST inspection activities.
Petermann, Tasha M.; Boomer, Kayle D.; Washenfelder, D. J.
Localization of electric field distribution in graded core-shell metamaterials
The local electric field distribution has been investigated in a core-shell cylindrical metamaterial structure under the illumination of a uniform incident optical field. The structure consists of a homogeneous dielectric core, a shell of graded metal-dielectric metamaterial, embedded in a uniform matrix. In the quasi-static limit, the permittivity of the metamaterial is given by the graded Drude model. The local electric potentials and hence the electric fields have been derived exactly and analytically in terms of hyper-geometric functions. Our results showed that the peak of the electric field inside the cylindrical shell can be confined in a desired position by varying the frequency of the optical field and the parameters of the graded profiles. Thus, by fabricating graded metamaterials, it is possible to control electric field distribution spatially. We offer an intuitive explanation for the gradation-controlled electric field distribution.
Wei, En-Bo; 10.1103/PhysRevE.80.046607
Workers Complete Retrieval of 11th Single-Shell Tank at EM's Hanford Site
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Workers Complete Retrieval of 11th Single-Shell Tank at EM's Workers Complete Retrieval of 11th Single-Shell Tank at EM's Hanford Site Workers Complete Retrieval of 11th Single-Shell Tank at EM's Hanford Site November 26, 2013 - 12:00pm Addthis A composite image comprised of dozens of photos taken inside C-110 provides a rare panoramic view of the tank interior. Portions of the tank floor and the FoldTrack waste-retrieval system are clearly visible. A composite image comprised of dozens of photos taken inside C-110 provides a rare panoramic view of the tank interior. Portions of the tank floor and the FoldTrack waste-retrieval system are clearly visible. Operators use multiple technologies to remove waste from underground storage tank RICHLAND, Wash. - EM's Office of River Protection and its tank farm contractor, Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS), recently
Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment
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Long-Range Validity of Threshold Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment Print Wednesday, 29 March 2006 00:00 A threshold law describes the dependence of a reaction yield near a reaction threshold. It is also a signature of the physical forces involved in the reaction, so the agreement of an observed threshold behavior with a threshold law or a departure from it can be a sensitive probe into how well the reaction physics is understood. A collaboration from Western Michigan University, the ALS, and Denison University has now shown that the threshold laws for inner-shell photodetachment of negative ions are not only obeyed but can extend over a much wider energy range than theory had predicted.
Shell model formalism for all hypernuclei types: A guide to solving the nonmesonic weak decay puzzle
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We extend to odd-odd core hypernuclei our independent particle shell model (IPSM) formalism developed previously for the evaluation of the {gamma}{sub NM},{gamma}{sub n/p}, and a{sub {lambda}} hypernuclear weak decay observables. The present procedure reproduces the even-odd and even-even core results as particular cases. Adopting the standard strangeness-changing weak {lambda}N{yields}NN transition potential with exchange of the complete pseudoscalar and vector meson octets ({pi},{eta},K,{rho},{omega},K*) we get simple analytical expressions for all observables. Numerical values for {sub {lambda}}{sup 4}He,{sub {lambda}}{sup 5}He, {sub {lambda}}{sup 11}B,{sub {lambda}}{sup 12}C,{sub {lambda}}{sup 16}O, {sub {lambda}}{sup 17}O, and {sub {lambda}}{sup 28}Si hypernuclei are obtained and compared with available experimental data, putting special attention on the asymmetry parameter. We remark that, in the present form, the IPSM gives roughly the same value of a{sub {lambda}} for all hypernuclei in contradiction with experiments. We stress the necessity of introducing configuration mixing to go beyond the IPSM taking into account, in a more realistic way, nuclear structure effects. Moreover, one could to include more relevant degrees of freedom, even within the IPSM framework, like: (i) modifications of the exchange potential (two-pion, a{sub 1} meson, {delta}T=3/2 terms of vector mesons, etc.), (ii) final state interactions accounting for the distortion of the plane waves of emitted nucleons, and (iii) two-nucleon induced decay, as possible ways to solve the puzzle.
Barbero, C.; Mariano, A.; Samana, A. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, C. C. 67, 1900 La Plata (Argentina) and Instituto de Fisica CCT La Plata, CONICET, 1900 La Plata (Argentina); Department of Physics, Texas A and M University-Commerce, P. O. Box 3011, Commerce, Texas (United States)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We present new deep observations of 'shell' structures in the halo of the nearby elliptical galaxy NGC 7600, alongside a movie of galaxy formation in a cold dark matter (CDM) universe. The movie, based on an ab initio cosmological simulation, shows how continuous accretion of clumps of dark matter and stars creates a swath of diffuse circumgalactic structures. The disruption of a massive clump on a near-radial orbit creates a complex system of transient concentric shells which bare a striking resemblance to those of NGC 7600. With the aid of the simulation we interpret NGC 7600 in the context of the CDM model.
Cooper, Andrew P. [Max Planck Institut fuer Astrophysik, Karl-Schwarzschild-Str. 1, D-85741 Garching (Germany); Martinez-Delgado, David [Max Planck Institut fuer Astronomie, Koenigstuhl 17, D-69117 Heidelberg (Germany); Helly, John; Frenk, Carlos; Cole, Shaun [Institute for Computational Cosmology, Department of Physics, University of Durham, South Road, DH1 3LE Durham (United Kingdom); Crawford, Ken [Rancho del Sol Observatory, Camino, CA 95709 (United States); Zibetti, Stefano [Dark Cosmology Centre, Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Juliane Maries Vej 30, DK-2100 Copenhagen (Denmark); Carballo-Bello, Julio A. [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, Via Lactea s/n, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Jay GaBany, R., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Black Bird Observatory II, 5660 Brionne Drive, San Jose, CA 95118 (United States)
Expert Panel Recommendations for Hanford Double-Shell Tank Life Extension
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Expert workshops were held in Richland in May 2001 to review the Hanford Double-Shell Tank Integrity Project and make recommendations to extend the life of Hanford's double-shell waste tanks. The workshop scope was limited to corrosion of the primary tank liner, and the main areas for review were waste chemistry control, tank inspection, and corrosion monitoring. Participants were corrosion experts from Hanford, Savannah River Site, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, and several consultants. This report describes the current state of the three areas of the program, the final recommendations of the workshop, and the rationale for their selection.
Stewart, Charles W.; Bush, Spencer H.; Berman, Herbert S.; Czajkowski, Carl J.; Divine, James R.; Posakony, Gerald J.; Johnson, A. B.; Elmore, Monte R.; Reynolds, D. A.; Anantatmula, Ramamohan P.; Sindelar, Robert L.; Zapp, Philip E.
Preliminary engineering studies for the support shell of the outer tracker of the SDC detector
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The Solenoidal Detector Collaboration (SDC) detector is in the conceptual design phase. ORNL is currently working with various sub-groups on the design of the outer tracker portion of the SDC detector. A major focus in the outer tracker design is the structure that mounts and supports the tracking elements. This structure must meet extreme requirements of alignment and stability while containing a minimum of material. This report describes the requirements, evaluations, and analyses that have been performed on the two options being explored; a cylindrical support shell and a modular support shell.
Vandergriff, D.H.; Mayhall, J.
Validity of pair truncation of the nuclear shell model in {sup 46}Ca
We study the validity of pair truncation of the nuclear shell model by using the semimagic nucleus {sup 46}Ca. We present low-lying states and their E2 transition rates based on both nucleon pair approximation (NPA) and exact shell-model (SM) calculations. We also calculate overlaps between wave functions of low-lying states calculated by using the NPA and those calculated by using the SM. Our calculated results show a remarkable agreement between the NPA results and the SM results, although the NPA is a drastic truncation of the SM.
Lei, Y.; Xu, Z. Y. [Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Zhao, Y. M. [Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Center of Theoretical Nuclear Physics, National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Accelerator, Lanzhou 730000 (China); CCAST, World Laboratory, Post Office Box 8730, Beijing 100080 (China); Arima, A. [Department of Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240 (China); Science Museum, Japan Science Foundation, 2-1 Kitanomaru-koen, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0091 (Japan)
L- and M-shell absorption measurements of radiatively heated Fe plasma
Measurements of iron-plasma absorption spectrum over 150-1200 eV photon energy range were reported at temperature T = (72 {+-} 4) eV. The electron temperature was diagnosed with the absorption spectrum of aluminum mixed with iron. The density was not diagnosed directly but obtained from a radiative hydrodynamic simulation with the Multi-1D code. The broad photon energy range enables simultaneous observation of the L-shell and M-shell transitions that dominate the radiation transport at this temperature. The spectrally resolved transmission data were compared to the detailed-configuration-accounting model calculations and reasonable agreement was found.
Zhang Jiyan; Li Hang; Zhao Yang; Xiong Gang; Yuan Zheng; Zhang Haiying; Yang Guohong; Yang Jiamin; Liu Shenye; Jiang Shaoen; Ding Yongkun; Zhang Baohan; Zheng Zhijian [Research Center of Laser Fusion, P. O. Box 919-986, Mianyang 621900 (China); Xu Yan; Meng Xujun; Yan Jun [Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088 (China)
This document provides specific test procedures and instructions to implement the test plan for the preparation and conduct of a cesium removal test, using Hanford Single Shell Tank Saltcake from tanks 24 t -BY- I 10, 24 1 -U- 108, 24 1 -U- 109, 24 1 -A- I 0 1, and 24 t - S-102, in a bench-scale column. The cesium sorbent to be tested is crystalline siticotitanate. The test plan for which this provides instructions is WHC-SD-RE-TP-024, Hanford Single Shell Tank Saltcake Cesium Removal Test Plan.
Duncan, J.B.
"Table A7. Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Census"
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Census" Shell Storage Capacity of Selected Petroleum Products by Census" " Region, Industry Group, and Selected Industries, 1991" " (Estimates in Thousand Barrels)" " "," "," "," "," ","Other","RSE" "SIC"," ","Motor","Residual"," ","Distillate","Row" "Code(a)","Industry Groups and Industry","Gasoline","Fuel Oil","Diesel","Fuel Oil","Factors" ,,"Total United States" ,"RSE Column Factors:",1,0.9,1,1.1 , 20,"Food and Kindred Products",38,1448,306,531,12.1 2011," Meat Packing Plants",1,229,40,13,13.2
Rebound characteristics for ash particles impacting a planar surface
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The formation of ash deposition on the heat transfer tubes in a boiler reduces the heat transfer coefficient by about 25%. Because of these fouling layers
The shell (2219 T6 aluminum forging) of the General Purpose Heat Source-Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator was designed to retain the generator under sufficient elastic stress to secure it during space flight. A major concern was the extent to which the elastic stress would relax by creep. To determine acceptability of the shell construction material, the following proof tests simulating service were performed: 600 h of testing at 270/sup 0/C under 24.1 MPa stress followed by 10,000 h of storage at 177/sup 0/C under 55.1 MPa, both on the ground; and 10,000 h of flight in space at 270/sup 0/C under 34.4 MPa stress. Additionally, systematic creep testing was performed at 177 and 260/sup 0/C to establish creep design curves. The creep tests performed at 177/sup 0/C revealed comparatively large amounts of primary creep followed by small amounts of secondary creep. The early creep is believed to be abetted by unstable substructures that are annealed out during testing at this temperature. The creep tests performed at 270/sup 0/C showed normal primary creep followed by large amounts of secondary creep. Duplicate proof tests simulating the ground exposure conditions gave results that were in good agreement. The proof test simulating space flight at 270/sup 0/C gave 0.11% primary creep followed by 0.59% secondary creep. About 10% of the second-stage creep was caused by four or five instantaneous strains, which began at the 4500-h mark. One or two of these strain bursts, occurred in each of several other tests at 177 and 260/sup 0/C but were assessed as very moderate in magnitude. The effect is attributable to a slightly microsegregated condition remaining from the original cast structure.
Hammond, J.P.
Radioactive nuclear waste at the Hanford Site is stored in underground waste storage tanks at the site. The tanks fall into two main categories: single-shell tanks (SSTs) and double-shell tanks (DSTs). There are a total of 149 SSTs and 28 DSTs. The wastes stored in the tanks are chemically complex. They basically involve various sodium salts (mainly nitrite, nitrate, carbonates, aluminates, and hydroxides), organic compounds, heavy metals, and various radionuclides, including cesium, strontium, plutonium, and uranium. The waste is known to generate flammable gas (FG) [hydrogen, ammonia, nitrous oxide, hydrocarbons] by complex chemical reactions. The process of gas generation, retention, and release is transient. Some tanks reach a quasi-steady stage where gas generation is balanced by the release rate. Other tanks show continuous cycles of retention followed by episodic release. There currently are 25 tanks on the Flammable Gas Watch List (FGWL). The objective of this report is to evaluate possible mitigation strategies to eliminate the FG hazard. The evaluation is an engineering study of mitigation concepts for FG generation, retention, and release behavior in Tanks SY-101, AN-103, AN 104, An-105, and Aw-101. Where possible, limited quantification of the effects of mitigation strategies on the FG hazard also is considered. The results obtained from quantification efforts discussed in this report should be considered as best-estimate values. Results and conclusions of this work are intended to help in establishing methodologies in the contractor`s controls selection analysis to develop necessary safety controls for closing the FG unreviewed safety question. The general performance requirements of any mitigation scheme are discussed first.
Unal, C.; Sadasivan, P.; Kubic, W.L.; White, J.R.
138 Insulated Sprayed Roll Technique "ISRT" and Solid Shell ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... of LiMnxFe1-xPO4 Glass and Glass-Ceramics for Lithium Ion Battery .... and Comparing the Inhibition Effect of Chromate, Bromate and Molybdate on the�...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Large-scale Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} homogeneous core/hollow-shell structures with cube-shaped and dumbbell-shaped morphologies have been synthesized trough a facile and low-cost method. The microscopy analyses indicate that the core-shell microcubes have an average edge length of 2.5 {mu}m with a shell thickness of about 150 nm, and the core-shell microdumbbells were formed with a length of about 3 {mu}m and shell thickness of about 160 nm. The possible formation mechanism was discussed on the basis of transmission electron microscopy observations. The novel homogeneous core/hollow-shell structures were found to exhibit excellent performance in wastewater treatment. - Graphical abstract: A simple method is described for fabrication of Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} homogeneous core/hollow-shell structures and the as-prepared materials showed a good ability to remove an organic pollutant in waste water. Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The Mn{sub 2}O{sub 3} homogeneous core/hollow-shell structures were successfully prepared. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A simple and high yield method was employed to fabricate such novel structure. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The products showed a good ability to remove an organic pollutant in waste water.
Cao Jie, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Photonics Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China); Mao Qinghe [Anhui Provincial Key Lab of Photonics Devices and Materials, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031 (China); Qian Yitai [Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Science at Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 (China)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The paper is focused on a piezoelectric solid shell finite element formulation. A geometrically nonlinear theory allows large deformations and includes stability problems. The formulation is based on a variational principle of the Hu-Washizu type including ... Keywords: Finite element method, Mixed formulation, Piezoelectricity, Smart structures, Solid shell element
Sven Klinkel; Werner Wagner
Epitaxial growth and photochemical annealing of graded CdS/ZnS shells on colloidal CdSe nanorods
We report the preparation and structural characterization of core/shell CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanorods. A graded shell of larger band gap is grown around CdSe rods using trioctylphosphine oxide as a surfactant. Interfacial segregation is used to preferentially deposit CdS near the core, providing relaxation of the strain at the core/shell interface. The reported synthesis allows for variation of the shell thickness between one and six monolayers, on core nanorods ranging from aspect ratios of 2:1 to 10:1. After an irreversible photochemical annealing process, the core/shell nanorods have increased quantum efficiencies and are stable in air under visible or UV excitation. In addition to their robust optical properties, these samples provide an opportunity for the study of the evolution of epitaxial strain as the shape of the core varies from nearly spherical to nearly cylindrical.
Manna, Liberato; Scher, Erik C.; Li, Liang-shi; Alivisatos, A. Paul
Preliminary Heat Transfer Studies for the Double Shell Tanks (DST) Transfer Piping
Heat transfer studies were made to determine the thermal characteristics of double-shell tank transfer piping under both transient and steady-state conditions. A number of design and operation options were evaluated for this piping system which is in its early design phase.
Crab Shells as Sustainable Templates from Nature for Nanostructured Battery Electrodes
Crab Shells as Sustainable Templates from Nature for Nanostructured Battery Electrodes Hongbin Yao materials issues for enabling next-generation high capacity lithium ion batteries for portable electronics to prepare nanostructured battery electrode materials, we are inspired by the diversity of natural materials
Cui, Yi
Nuclear shell structure and response toward the limits of mass, temperature and isospin
We present a short overview of our recent theoretical developments aiming at the description of exotic nuclear phenomena to be reached and studied at the next-generation radioactive beam facilities. Applications to nuclear shell structure and response of nuclei at the limits of their existence, with a special focus on the physics cases of astrophysical importance, are discussed.
Litvinova, E; Fang, D -L; Marketin, T; Ring, P; Tselyaev, V I; Zegers, R G T
Engineering Task Plan for the Ultrasonic Inspection of Hanford Double Shell Tanks (DST) FY2000
This document facilitates the ultrasonic examination of Hanford double-shell tanks. Included are a plan for engineering activities (individual responsibilities), plan for performance demonstration testing, and a plan for field activities (tank inspection). Also included are a Statement of Work for contractor performance of the work and a protocol to be followed should tank flaws that exceed the acceptance criteria be discovered.
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AN-102 Examination Completed July 2008.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
AREVA Federal Services LLC (AFS), under a contract from CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CH2M Hill), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AN-102. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AFS ultrasonic examinations.
Pardini, Allan F.; Weier, Dennis R.; Anderson, Kevin K.
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AW-105 Examination Completed April 2009.
AREVA Federal Services LLC (AFS), under a contract from Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AW-105. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AFS ultrasonic examinations.
Pardini, Allan F.; Weier, Dennis R.; Anderson, Kevin K.; Hathaway, John E.
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AY-102. Examination Completed January 2007
AREVA NC Inc. (AREVA), under a contract from CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CH2M Hill), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AY-102. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AREVA ultrasonic examinations.
Pardini, Allan F.; Weier, Dennis R.
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AW-106 Examination Completed July 2009.
AREVA Federal Services LLC (AFS), under a contract from Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AW-106. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AFS ultrasonic examinations.
Pardini, Allan F.; Weier, Dennis R.; Anderson, Kevin K.; Hathaway, John E.
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AN-106. Completed June 2007
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
AREVA NC Inc. (AREVA), under a contract from CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CH2M Hill), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AN-106. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AREVA ultrasonic examinations.
Pardini, Allan F.; Weier, Dennis R.
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AY-101. Examination Completed March 2007.
AREVA NC Inc. (AREVA), under a contract from CH2M Hill Hanford Group (CH2M Hill), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AY-101. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AREVA ultrasonic examinations.
Pardini, Allan F.; Weier, Dennis R.
Ultrasonic Examination of Double-Shell Tank 241-AW-101 Examination Completed February 2009.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
AREVA Federal Services LLC (AFS), under a contract from Washington River Protection Solutions (WRPS), has performed an ultrasonic examination of selected portions of Double-Shell Tank 241-AW-101. PNNL is responsible for preparing a report(s) that describes the results of the AFS ultrasonic examinations.
Pardini, Allan F.; Weier, Dennis R.; Anderson, Kevin K.
The off shell [rho][endash][omega] mixing in the QCD sum rules
The q[sup 2] dependence of the [rho] - [omega] mixing amplitude is analyzed with the use of the QCD sum rules and the dispersion relation. In going off shell the mixing decreases, changes sign at q[sup 2] [approx equal] 0.4 m[sub [rho
Hatsuda, T. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics); Henley, E.M. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Inst. for Nuclear Theory); Meissner, T. (Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Inst. for Nuclear Theory); Krein, G. (Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil))
Carbon-Silicon Core-Shell Nanowires as High Capacity Electrode for Lithium
Carbon-Silicon Core-Shell Nanowires as High Capacity Electrode for Lithium Ion Batteries Li lithium battery electrodes. Amorphous silicon was coated onto carbon nanofibers to form a core during lithium cycling and can function as a mechanical support and an efficient electron conducting
Cui, Yi
A Shell/3d Modeling Technique For Delaminations In Composite Laminates
A shell/3D modeling technique was developed for which a local solid finite element model is used only in the immediate vicinity of the delamination front. The goal was to combine the accuracy of the full three-dimensional solution with the computational efficiency of a plate or shell finite element model. Multi-point constraints provide a kinematically compatible interface between the local 3D model and the global structural model which has been meshed with plate or shell finite elements. For simple double cantilever beam (DCB), end notched flexure (ENF), and single leg bending (SLB) specimens, mixed mode energy release rate distributions were computed across the width from nonlinear finite element analyses using the virtual crack closure technique. The analyses served to test the accuracy of the shell/3D technique for the pure mode I case (DCB), mode II case (ENF) and a mixed mode I/II case (SLB). Specimens with a unidirectional layup where the delamination is located between two 0� pl...
Ronald Krueger
Preliminary tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-BY-109: best-basis inventory
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
An effort is underway to provide waste inventory estimates that will serve as standard characterization source terms for the various waste management activities. As part of this effort, an evaluation of available information for single-shell tank 241-BY-109 was performed, and a best-basis inventory was established. This work follows the methodology that was established by the standard inventory task.
Kupfer, M.J.
Project EARTH-12-SHELL1: Global expression of climatic and palaeoceanographic events in black shales
shales: generation of new high-resolution records from the Jurassic of the Neuquen Basin, Argentina and is part of a larger Shell-supported research project on shale-gas shale (subject to contract) In the last palaeoclimatic and palaeoceanographic change from shale and mudrock successions in NW Europe. Much
Henderson, Gideon
We employ the closed-shell perturbed relativistic coupled-cluster (RCC) theory developed by us earlier [Phys. Rev. A {\\bf 77}, 062516 (2008)] to evaluate the ground state static electric dipole polarizabilities ($\\alpha$s) of several atomic systems. In this work, we have incorporated a class of higher order many-body effects in our calculations that had not been taken into account in the above paper. We highlight their importance in improving the accuracy of $\\alpha$. We also calculate the ground state $\\alpha$s of the inert gas atoms and several iso-electronic singly and doubly charged ions in order to make a comparative study of the trends of the correlation effects. Furthermore, we have developed a new method to construct intermediate diagrams that are required for the computation of the unperturbed singles and doubles coupled-cluster amplitudes. Our RCC results are compared with those of many-body perturbation theory at different orders to demonstrate the importance of higher order correlation effects for...
Singh, Yashpal; Das, B P
Effect of surface conditions on boiling heat transfer of refrigerants in shell-and-tube evaporators
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Experimental results are presented for the boiling heat transfer performance of R 22 and R 717 on surfaces with porous metallized coatings. A calculational-theoretical model is given for predicting the heat transfer of refrigerants boiling on a bundle of finned tubes.
Danilova, G.N.; Dyundin, V.A.; Borishanskaya, A.V.; Soloviyov, A.G.; Vol'nykh, Y.A.; Kozyrev, A.A.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We present Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations of 22 GHz H{sub 2}O masers in the high-mass star-forming region of W75N, carried out with VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA) for three epochs in 2007 with an angular resolution of {approx}1 mas. We detected H{sub 2}O maser emission toward the radio jet in VLA 1 and the expanding shell-like structure in VLA 2. The spatial distribution of the H{sub 2}O masers detected with VERA and measured proper motions around VLA 1 and VLA 2 are similar to those found with previous VLBI observations in epochs 1999 and 2005, with the masers in VLA 1 mainly distributed along a linear structure parallel to the radio jet and, on the other hand, forming a shell-like structure around VLA 2. We have made elliptical fits to the VLA 2 H{sub 2}O maser shell-like structure observed in the different epochs (1999, 2005, and 2007), and found that the shell is still expanding eight years after its discovery. From the difference in the size of the semi-major axes of the fitted ellipses in epochs 1999 ({approx_equal}71 {+-} 1 mas), 2005 ({approx_equal}97 {+-} 3 mas), and 2007 ({approx_equal}111 {+-} 1 mas), we estimate an average expanding velocity of {approx}5 mas yr{sup -1}, similar to the proper motions measured in the individual H{sub 2}O maser features. A kinematic age of {approx}20 yr is derived for this structure. In addition, our VERA observations indicate an increase in the ellipticity of the expanding shell around VLA 2 from epochs 1999 to 2007. In fact, the elliptical fit of the VERA data shows a ratio of the minor and major axes of {approx}0.6, in contrast with an almost circular shape for the shell detected in 1999 and 2005 (b/a {approx} 0.9). This suggests that we are probably observing the formation of a jet-driven H{sub 2}O maser structure in VLA2, evolving from a non-collimated pulsed-outflow event during the first stages of evolution of a massive young stellar object (YSO). This may support predictions made earlier by other authors on this issue, consistent with recent magnetohydrodynamical simulations. We discuss possible implications of our results in the study of the first stages of evolution of massive YSOs.
Kim, Jeong-Sook; Kim, Sang Joon [School of Space Science, Kyunghee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701 (Korea, Republic of)] [School of Space Science, Kyunghee University, Seocheon-dong, Giheung-si, Gyeonggi-do, 446-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Soon-Wook [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-348 (Korea, Republic of)] [Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute, 776 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong, Daejeon 305-348 (Korea, Republic of); Kurayama, Tomoharu [Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065 (Japan)] [Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0065 (Japan); Honma, Mareki [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan)] [National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-8588 (Japan); Sasao, Tesuo [Yaeyama Star Club, Ookawa, Ishigaki, Okinawa 904-0022 (Japan)] [Yaeyama Star Club, Ookawa, Ishigaki, Okinawa 904-0022 (Japan); Surcis, Gabriele [Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo (Netherlands)] [Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe, Postbus 2, 7990 AA Dwingeloo (Netherlands); Canto, Jorge [Instituto de Astronomia (UNAM), Apartado 70-264, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico)] [Instituto de Astronomia (UNAM), Apartado 70-264, 04510 Mexico D. F. (Mexico); Torrelles, Jose M., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Instituto de Ciencias del Espacio (CSIC)-UB/IEEC, Universitat de Barcelona, Marti i Franques 1, E-08028 Barcelona (Spain)
Antireflection with broadband and wide angle properties is important for a wide range of applications on photovoltaic cells and display. The SiOx shell layer provides a natural antireflection from air to the Si core absorption layer. In this work, we have demonstrated the random core-shell silicon nanowires with both broadband (from 400nm to 900nm) and wide angle (from normal incidence to 60\\degree) antireflection characteristics within AM1.5 solar spectrum. The graded index structure from the randomly oriented core-shell (Air/SiOx/Si) nanowires may provide a potential avenue to realize a broadband and wide angle antireflection layer.
Pignalosa, P; Qiao, L; Tseng, M; Yi, Yasha
This report summarizes the results of the Double-Shell Tank Thermal and Operating Loads Analysis (TaLA) combined with the Seismic Analysis. This combined analysis provides a thorough, defensible, and documented analysis that will become a part of the overall analysis of record for the Hanford double-shell tanks (DSTs). The bases of the analytical work presented herein are two ANSYS{reg_sign} finite element models that were developed to represent a bounding-case tank. The TaLA model includes the effects of temperature on material properties, creep, concrete cracking, and various waste and annulus pressure-loading conditions. The seismic model considers the interaction of the tanks with the surrounding soil including a range of soil properties, and the effects of the waste contents during a seismic event. The structural evaluations completed with the representative tank models do not reveal any structural deficiencies with the integrity of the DSTs. The analyses represent 60 years of use, which extends well beyond the current date. In addition, the temperature loads imposed on the model are significantly more severe than any service to date or proposed for the future. Bounding material properties were also selected to provide the most severe combinations. While the focus of the analyses was a bounding-case tank, it was necessary during various evaluations to conduct tank-specific analyses. The primary tank buckling evaluation was carried out on a tank-specific basis because of the sensitivity to waste height, specific gravity, tank wall thickness, and primary tank vapor space vacuum limit. For this analysis, the occurrence of maximum tank vacuum was classified as a service level C, emergency load condition. The only area of potential concern in the analysis was with the buckling evaluation of the AP tank, which showed the current limit on demand of l2-inch water gauge vacuum to exceed the allowable of 10.4 inches. This determination was based on analysis at the design waste temperature of 350 F and the full 60-year corrosion allowance on the tank wall of 0.060 inch. However, analysis at a more realistic temperature of 250 F or corrosion allowance of 0.025 inch results in an acceptable demand/capacity ratio according to the ASME code criteria. Thus, buckling of the primary tank is judged to be unlikely for the current lack of corrosion in the tanks, and the expectation that the maximum waste temperature will not exceed 210 F. The reinforced concrete structure was evaluated as specified by the American Concrete Institute (ACI) code requirements for nuclear safety-related structures (ACI-349). The demand was demonstrated to be lower than the capacity at all locations. Revision 1 is being issued to document changes to the anchor bolt evaluation. RPP-RPT-32237 Rev. 1, Hanford Double-Shell Tank Thermal and Seismic Project-Increased Liquid Level Analysis for 241AP Tank Farms, described changes to the anchor bolt modeling and evaluation which were implemented in response to the independent reviewer's comments. Similar changes have been made in the bounding tank analysis and are documented in RPP-RPT-28968 Rev. 1. The conclusions of the previous releases of this report remain unchanged.
Synthesis of a high-yield activated carbon by air gasification of macadamia nut shell charcoal
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Macadamia nut shell charcoal was heated in an inert environment to temperatures above 1000 K (carbonized), reacted with oxygen (Po{sub 2} = 2.68--11.3 kPa) at temperatures between 525 and 586 K (oxygenated), and heated again in an inert environment to temperatures above 1000 K (activated) to produce an activated carbon. Carbons produced by this process possess surface areas and iodine numbers in the range of 400--550. Overall yields of these carbons (based on the dry, raw macadamia nut shell feed) ranged from 24 to 30 wt %. Under the conditions employed in this work, the rates of chemisorption and gasification were not mass transfer limited. Initially, the gasification reaction was first-order with respect to oxygen concentration but became independent of oxygen concentration as the surface sites of the carbon became saturated with oxygen.
Dai, X.; Antal, M.J. Jr. [Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI (United States)
Multiscaling in Hall-Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence: Insights from a Shell Model
We show that a shell-model version of the three-dimensional Hall-magnetohydrodynamic (3D Hall-MHD) equations provides a natural theoretical model for investigating the multiscaling behaviors of velocity and magnetic structure functions. We carry out extensive numerical studies of this shell model, obtain the scaling exponents for its structure functions, in both the low-$k$ and high-$k$ power-law ranges of 3D Hall-MHD, and find that the extended-self-similarity (ESS) procedure is helpful in extracting the multiscaling nature of structure functions in the high-$k$ regime, which otherwise appears to display simple scaling. Our results shed light on intriguing solar-wind measurements.
Debarghya Banerjee; Samriddhi Sankar Ray; Ganapati Sahoo; Rahul Pandit
1D Scaling with Ablation for K-Shell Radiation from Stainless Steel Wire Arrays
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A 1D Lagrangian magnetohydrodynamic z-pinch simulation code is extended to include wire ablation. The plasma transport coefficients are calibrated to reproduce the K-shell yields measured on the Z generator for three stainless steel arrays of diameter 55 mm and masses ranging from 1.8 to 2.7 mg. The resulting 1D scaling model is applied to a larger SS array (65 mm and 2.5 mg) on the refurbished Z machine. Simulation results predict a maximum K-shell yield of 77 kJ for an 82 kV charging voltage. This maximum drops to 42 kJ at 75 kV charging. Neglecting the ablation precursor leads to a {approx}10% change in the calculated yield.
Giuliani, J. L.; Thornhill, J. W.; Dasgupta, A.; Davis, J. [Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 (United States); Clark, R. W. [Berkeley Research Associates, Beltsville Maryland 20705 (United States); Jones, B.; Cuneo, M.; Coverdale, C. A. [Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM 87545 (United States); Deeney, C. [National Nuclear Security Administration, Washington DC 20585 (United States)
Tank characterization report for Double-Shell Tank 241-AP-103
This document provides the characterization information and interprets the data for Double-Shell Tank AP-103. The results of the analyses have been compared to the dangerous waste codes in the Washington Dangerous Waste Regulations (WAC 173-303). This assessment was conducted by comparing tank analyses against dangerous waste characteristics (D waste codes) and against state waste codes. It did not include checking tank analyses against U, P, F, or K waste codes since application of these codes is dependent on the source of the waste and not on particular constituent concentrations. The results indicate that the waste in this tank is adequately described in the Dangerous Waste Permit Application for the Double-Shell Tank System.
DeLorenzo, D.S.; DiCenso, A.T.; Amato, L.C.; Franklin, J.D.; Lambie, R.W. [Los Alamos Technical Associates, Inc., Kennewick, WA (United States); Simpson, B.C. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Petawatt-laser direct heating of uniformly imploded deuterated-polystyrene shell target
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A uniformly imploded deuterated polystyrene (CD) shell target is fast-heated by a Petawatt (PW) laser without cone guide. The best illumination timing is found to be in a narrow region around 80{+-}20 picoseconds from the onset of the stagnation phase, where thermal neutrons are enhanced four to five times by the PW laser of energy less than 10% of the implosion laser. The timing agrees with the timings of enhancement of the x-ray emission from the core and reduction of the bremsstrahlung radiation from scattered hot electrons. The PW laser, focused to the critical density point, generates the energetic electrons within as narrow an angle as 30 deg., which then heats the imploded CD shell to enhance thermal neutrons. These results first demonstrate that the PW laser directly heats the imploded core without any conelike laser guide.
Kitagawa, Yoneyoshi; Akamatsu, Shin; Sakamoto, Wataru; Tanaka, Kazuo A.; Kodama, Ryosuke; Nishimura, Hiroaki; Inubushi, Yuichi; Nakai, Mitsuo; Watari, Takeshi; Norimatsu, Takayoshi; Sunahara, Atsushi [Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Sentoku, Yasuhiko [Department of Physics, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89506 (United States)
Questions and Answers - Why do the electron shells begin being named with
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
the elementsget their symbols? the elements<br>get their symbols? Previous Question (How do the elements get their symbols?) Questions and Answers Main Index Next Question (Was "beauty" a quark name they used in the past?) Was "beauty" a quark namethey used in the past? Why do the electron shells begin being named with K, L, M, N, and not with A, B, C? The names of the electron shells come from a fellow named Charles G. Barkla, a spectroscopist who studied the X-rays that are emitted by atoms when they are hit with high energy electrons. He noticed that atoms appeared to emit two types of X-rays. The two types of X-rays differed in energy and Barkla originally called the higher energy X-ray type A and the lower energy X-ray type B. He later renamed these two types K and L since
Beyond the No Core Shell Model: Extending the NCSM to Heavier Nuclei
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The No Core Shell Model (NCSM) is an ab initio method for calculating the properties of light nuclei, up to about A = 20, in which all A nucleons are treated as being active. It is difficult to go to larger A values due to the rapid grow of the basis spaces required in order to obtain converged results. In this presentation we briefly discuss three new techniques for extending the NCSM to heavier mass nuclei.
Barrett, Bruce R. [Department of Physics, P.O. Box 210081, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0081 (United States)
Shell model estimate of electric dipole moment in medium and heavy nuclei
The nuclear electric dipole moment (EDM) and the nuclear Schiff moment for the lowest 1/2{sup +} state of {sup 129}Xe are investigated in terms of the nuclear shell model. We estimate the upper limit for the EDM of neutral {sup 129}Xe atom using the Schiff moment. We also estimate the upper limit of the nuclear EDM, which may be directly measured through ionic atoms.
Yoshinaga, Naotaka [Department of Physics, Saitama University, Saitama City 338-8570 (Japan); Higashiyama, Koji [Department of Physics, Chiba Institute of Technology, Narashino, Chiba 275-0023 (Japan)
Criticality safety evaluation of disposing of K Basin sludge in double-shell tank AW-105
A criticality safety evaluation is made of the disposal of K Basin sludge in double-shell tank (DST) AW-105 located in the 200 east area of Hanford Site. The technical basis is provided for limits and controls to be used in the development of a criticality prevention specification (CPS). A model of K Basin sludge is developed to account for fuel burnup. The iron/uranium mass ration required to ensure an acceptable magrin of subcriticality is determined.
Flammable gas double shell tank expert elicitation presentations (Part A and Part B)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This document is a compilation of presentation packages and white papers for the Flammable Gas Double Shell Tank Expert Elicitation Workshop {number_sign}2. For each presentation given by the different authors, a separate section was developed. The purpose for issuing these workshop presentation packages and white papers as a supporting document is to provide traceability and a Quality Assurance record for future reference to these packages.
Bratzel, D.R.
Final results of double-shell tank 241-AY-102 ultrasonic inspection
This document presents the results and documentation of the nondestructive ultrasonic examination of tank 241-AY-102. A tank inspection supplier was retained to provide and use an ultrasonic examination system (equipment, procedures, and inspectors) to scan a limited area of double-shell tank 241-AY-102 primary tank wall and welds. The inspection found some indication of insignificant general and local wall thinning with no cracks detected.
Final results of double-shell tank 241-AZ-101 ultrasonic inspection
This document presents the results and documentation of the nondestructive ultrasonic examination of tank 241-AZ-101. A tank inspection supplier was retained to provide and use an ultrasonic examination system (equipment, procedures, and inspectors) to scan a limited area of double-shell tank 241-AZ-101 primary tank wall and welds. The inspection found one reportable indication of thinning and no reportable pitting, corrosion, or cracking.
Final results of double-shell tank 241-AN-106 ultrasonic inspection
This document presents the results and documentation of the nondestructive ultrasonic examination of tank 241-AN-106. A tank inspection supplier was retained to provide and use an ultrasonic examination system (equipment, procedures, and inspectors) to scan a limited area of double-shell tank 241-AN-106 primary tank wall and welds. The inspection found no reportable indications of thinning, pitting, corrosion, or cracking.
The off shell {rho}{endash}{omega} mixing in the QCD sum rules
The q{sup 2} dependence of the {rho} - {omega} mixing amplitude is analyzed with the use of the QCD sum rules and the dispersion relation. In going off shell the mixing decreases, changes sign at q{sup 2} {approx_equal} 0.4 m{sub {rho}}{sup 2} > 0, and is negative in the space-like region. Implications of this result to the isospin breaking part of the nuclear force are discussed.
Hatsuda, T. [Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics; Henley, E.M. [Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Physics]|[Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Inst. for Nuclear Theory; Meissner, T. [Washington Univ., Seattle, WA (United States). Inst. for Nuclear Theory; Krein, G. [Instituto de Fisica Teorica (IFT), Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil)
Dilaton thin-shell wormholes supported by a generalized Chaplygin gas
In this article, we construct spherical thin-shell wormholes with charge in dilaton gravity. The exotic matter required for the construction is provided by a generalized Chaplygin gas. We study the stability under perturbations preserving the symmetry. We find that the increase of the coupling between the dilaton and the electromagnetic fields reduces the range of the parameters for which stable configurations are possible.
Cecilia Bejarano; Ernesto F. Eiroa
Advances Toward Inner-Shell Photo-Ionization X-Ray Lasing at 45 (Angstrom)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The inner-shell photo-ionization (ISPI) scheme requires photon energies at least high enough to photo-ionize the K-shell. {approx}286 eV, in the case of carbon. As a consequence of the higher cross-section, the inner-shell are selectively knocked out, leaving a hole state 1s2s{sup 2}2p{sup 2} in the singly charged carbon ion. This generates a population inversion to the radiatively connected state 1s{sup 2}2s{sup 2}2p in C+, leading to gain on the 1s-2p transition at 45 {angstrom}. The resonant character of the lasing transition in the single ionization state intrinsically allows much higher quantum efficiency compared to other schemes. Competing processes that deplete the population inversion include auto-ionization, Auger decay, and in particular collisional ionization of the outer-shell electrons by electrons generated during photo-ionization. These competing processes rapidly quench the gain. Consequently, the pump method must be capable of populating the inversion at a rate faster than the competing processes. This can be achieved by an ultra-fast, high intensity laser that is able to generate an ultra-fast, bright x-ray source. With current advances in the development of high-power, ultra-short pulse lasers it is possible to realize fast x-ray sources based that can deliver powerful pulses of light in the multiple hundred terawatt regime and beyond. They will discuss in greater detail concept, target design and a series of x-ray spectroscopy investigations they have conducted in order to optimize the absorber/x-ray converter--filter package.
Moon, S J; Weber, F A; Celliers, P M; Eder, D C
Hollow Core-Shell Structured Porous Si-C Nanocomposites for Li-Ion Battery Anodes
Hollow core-shell structured porous Si-C nanocomposites with void space up to tens of nanometers are designed to accommodate the volume expansion during lithiation for high-performance Li-ion battery anodes. An initial capacity of {approx}760 mAh/g after formation cycles (based on the entire electrode weight) with {approx}86% capacity retention over 100 cycles is achieved at a current density of 1 A/g. Good rate performance is also demonstrated.
Li, Xiaolin; Meduri, Praveen; Chen, Xilin; Qi, Wen N.; Engelhard, Mark H.; Xu, Wu; Ding, Fei; Xiao, Jie; Wang, Wei; Wang, Chong M.; Zhang, Jiguang; Liu, Jun
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Under the guidance of the calculation of phase diagrams method, the self-organized Cu alloy/stainless steel composite powders with a core/shell microstructure were developed based on the gas atomization process, and the formation evolution of self-organized core/shell structure composite powders was modeled by the phase field method. This paper gives a more detailed explanation for the formation of self-organized core/shell structure composite powders from the viewpoints of thermodynamics and kinetics. Such core/shell structure composite powders have good combination of high strength and corrosion resistance (Fe-rich phase) and high electric and thermal conductivities (Cu-rich phase) with many potential advanced applications in electronic devices.
Wang Cuiping; Liu Xingjun; Shi Rongpei; Shen Chen; Wang Yunzhi; Ohnuma, Ikuo; Kainuma, Ryosuke; Ishida, Kiyohito [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005 (China); Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ohio State University, 2041 College Road, Columbus, Ohio 43210 (United States); Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579 (Japan)
Summary of Group Development and Testing for Single Shell Tank Closure at Hanford
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report is a summary of the bench-scale and large scale experimental studies performed by Savannah River National Laboratory for CH2M HILL to develop grout design mixes for possible use in producing fill materials as a part of Tank Closure of the Single-Shell Tanks at Hanford. The grout development data provided in this report demonstrates that these design mixes will produce fill materials that are ready for use in Hanford single shell tank closure. The purpose of this report is to assess the ability of the proposed grout specifications to meet the current requirements for successful single shell tank closure which will include the contracting of services for construction and operation of a grout batch plant. The research and field experience gained by SRNL in the closure of Tanks 17F and 20F at the Savannah River Site was leveraged into the grout development efforts for Hanford. It is concluded that the three Hanford grout design mixes provide fill materials that meet the current requirements for successful placement. This conclusion is based on the completion of recommended testing using Hanford area materials by the operators of the grout batch plant. This report summarizes the regulatory drivers and the requirements for grout mixes as tank fill material. It is these requirements for both fresh and cured grout properties that drove the development of the grout formulations for the stabilization, structural and capping layers.
Harbour, John, R.
Shell-models of RMHD turbulence and the heating of solar coronal loops
A simplified non-linear numerical model for the development of incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in the presence of a strong magnetic field B0 and stratification, nicknamed Shell-Atm, is presented. In planes orthogonal to the mean field, the non-linear incompressible dynamics is replaced by 2D shell-models for the complex variables u and b, allowing one to reach large Reynolds numbers while at the same time carrying out sufficiently long time integrations to obtain a good statistics at moderate computational cost. The shell-models of different planes are coupled by Alfven waves propagating along B0. The model may be applied to open or closed magnetic field configurations where the axial field dominates and the plasma pressure is low; here we apply it to the specific case of a magnetic loop of the solar corona heated via turbulence driven by photospheric motions, and we use statistics for its analysis. The Alfven waves interact non-linearly and form turbulent spectra in the directions perpendicular and, via propagation, also parallel to the mean field. A heating function is obtained, and is shown to be intermittent; the average heating is consistent with values required for sustaining a hot corona, and is proportional to the aspect ratio of the loop to the power -1.5; characteristic properties of heating events are distributed as power-laws. Cross-correlations show a delay of dissipation compared to energy content.
E. Buchlin; M. Velli
1/12-Scale scoping experiments to characterize double-shell tank slurry uniformity: Test plan
Million gallon double-shell tanks (DSTs) at Hanford are used to store transuranic, high-level, and low-level wastes. These wastes generally consist of a large volume of salt-laden solution covering a smaller volume of settled sludge primarily containing metal hydroxides. These wastes will be retrieved and processed into immobile waste forms suitable for permanent disposal. The current retrieval concept is to use submerged dual-nozzle pumps to mobilize the settled solids by creating jets of fluid that are directed at the tank solids. The pumps oscillate, creating arcs of high-velocity fluid jets that sweep the floor of the tank. After the solids are mobilized, the pumps will continue to operate at a reduced flow rate sufficient to maintain the particles in a uniform suspension. The objectives of these 1/12-scale scoping experiments are to determine how Reynolds number, Froude number, and gravitational settling parameter affect the degree of uniformity achieved during jet mixer pump operation in the full-scale double-shell tanks; develop linear models to predict the degree of uniformity achieved by jet mixer pumps operating in the full-scale double-shell tanks; apply linear models to predict the degree of uniformity that will be achieved in tank 241-AZ-101 and determine whether contents of that tank will be uniform to within {+-} 10% of the mean concentration; and obtain experimental concentration and jet velocity data to compared with the TEMPEST computational and modeling predictions to guide further code development.
Bamberger, J.A.; Liljegren, L.M.
Precision Manufacturing of Inertial Confinement Fusion Double Shell Laser Targets for OMEGA
Double shell targets have been built by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments on the Omega laser at the University of Rochester and as a prelude to similar experiments on NIF. Of particular interest to ICF studies are high-precision double shell implosion targets for demonstrating thermonuclear ignition without the need for cryogenic preparation. Because the ignition tolerance to interface instabilities is rather low, the manufacturing requirements for smooth surface finishes and shell concentricity are particularly strict. This paper describes a deterministic approach to manufacturing and controlling error sources in each component. Included is the design philosophy of why certain manufacturing techniques were chosen to best reduce the errors within the target. The manufacturing plan developed for this effort created a deterministic process that, once proven, is repeatable. By taking this rigorous approach to controlling all error sources during the manufacture of each component and during assembly, we have achieved the overall 5 {micro}m dimensional requirement with sub-micron surface flaws. Strengths and weaknesses of the manufacturing process will be discussed.
Amendt, P A; Bono, M J; Hibbard, R L; Castro, C; Bennett, D W
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Partial ytterbium f-orbital occupancy (i.e. intermediate valence) and open-shell singlet Draft 12/formation are established for a variety of bipyridine and diazabutadiene adducts to decamethylytterbocene, (C{sub 5}Me{sub 5}){sub 2}Yb or Cp*{sub 2}Yb. Data used to support this claim includes ytterbium valence measurements using Yb Lm-edge x-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility and Complete Active Space Self-Consistent Field (CASSCF) multi configurational calculations, as well as structural measurements compared to density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The CASSCF calculations indicate that the intermediate valence is the result of a multiconfigurational ground state wave function that has both an open-shell singlet f{sup 13} and a closed-shell singlet f{sup 14} component. A number of other competing theories for the unusual magnetism in these materials are ruled out by the presence of intermediate valence and its lack of any significant temperature dependence. These results have implications for understanding chemical bonding not only in organolanthanide complexes, but also for organometallic chemistry in general, as well as understanding magnetic interactions in nanopartic1es and devices.
Bauer, Eric D [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Booth, C H [LBNL; Walter, M D [LBNL; Kazhdan, D [LBNL; Hu, Y - J [LBNL; Lukens, Wayne [LBNL; Maron, Laurent [INSA TOULOUSE; Eisentein, Odile [UNIV MONTPELLIER 2; Anderson, Richard [LBNL
Retrieval of Tenth Single-shell Tank Complete at Hanford's Office of River
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Retrieval of Tenth Single-shell Tank Complete at Hanford's Office Retrieval of Tenth Single-shell Tank Complete at Hanford's Office of River Protection Retrieval of Tenth Single-shell Tank Complete at Hanford's Office of River Protection December 27, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis EMâs Office of River Protection has successfully removed waste from a tenth storage tank at the Hanford site. Located in C Farm, C-109 is one of 16 underground tanks ranging in capacity from 55,000 to 530,000 gallons. EM's Office of River Protection has successfully removed waste from a tenth storage tank at the Hanford site. Located in C Farm, C-109 is one of 16 underground tanks ranging in capacity from 55,000 to 530,000 gallons. Standing near a pipe providing access to the tank below, workers initiate a water soak aimed at loosening hard-to-remove-waste from the bottom of the underground tank known as C-109.
Tss4U BV formerly Holecsol R S Renewable Energy Systems and Shell Solar
Tss4U BV formerly Holecsol R S Renewable Energy Systems and Shell Solar Tss4U BV formerly Holecsol R S Renewable Energy Systems and Shell Solar Energy Jump to: navigation, search Name Tss4U BV (formerly Holecsol, R&S Renewable Energy Systems and Shell Solar Energy) Place Veldhoven, Netherlands Zip 5503 Sector Solar, Wind energy Product Provides small solar and wind for offgrid applications, notably power for oil rigs. Coordinates 51.421746°, 5.404554° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":51.421746,"lon":5.404554,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment Print Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment Print A threshold law describes the dependence of a reaction yield near a reaction threshold. It is also a signature of the physical forces involved in the reaction, so the agreement of an observed threshold behavior with a threshold law or a departure from it can be a sensitive probe into how well the reaction physics is understood. A collaboration from Western Michigan University, the ALS, and Denison University has now shown that the threshold laws for inner-shell photodetachment of negative ions are not only obeyed but can extend over a much wider energy range than theory had predicted. Crossing a Threshold In physics and chemistry, a threshold refers to the minimum energy required for a reaction to just become observable. A threshold law mathematically describes the reaction yield as the energy varies near the threshold. For ionization of an atom, for example, the threshold is the minimum energy needed to eject an electron, and the threshold behavior of the ionization depends only on the Coulomb (electrical) attraction between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electron. When absorption of light causes removal (photodetachment) of an electron from a negatively charged ion (atom with one extra electron) the story changes because the negative electron is bound to a neutral atom.
Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment Print Long-Range Validity of Threshold Laws in Inner-Shell Photodetachment Print A threshold law describes the dependence of a reaction yield near a reaction threshold. It is also a signature of the physical forces involved in the reaction, so the agreement of an observed threshold behavior with a threshold law or a departure from it can be a sensitive probe into how well the reaction physics is understood. A collaboration from Western Michigan University, the ALS, and Denison University has now shown that the threshold laws for inner-shell photodetachment of negative ions are not only obeyed but can extend over a much wider energy range than theory had predicted. Crossing a Threshold In physics and chemistry, a threshold refers to the minimum energy required for a reaction to just become observable. A threshold law mathematically describes the reaction yield as the energy varies near the threshold. For ionization of an atom, for example, the threshold is the minimum energy needed to eject an electron, and the threshold behavior of the ionization depends only on the Coulomb (electrical) attraction between the positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electron. When absorption of light causes removal (photodetachment) of an electron from a negatively charged ion (atom with one extra electron) the story changes because the negative electron is bound to a neutral atom.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A computer modeling study was conducted to determine whether natural convection processes in single-shell tanks containing ferrocyanide wastes could generate localized precipitation zones that significantly concentrate the major heat-generating radionuclide, {sup 137}Cs. A computer code was developed that simulates coupled fluid, heat, and single-species mass transport on a regular, orthogonal finite-difference grid. The analysis showed that development of a ``hot spot`` is critically dependent on the temperature dependence for the solubility of Cs{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6} or CsNaNiFe(CN){sub 6}. For the normal case, where solubility increases with increasing temperature, the net effect of fluid flow, heat, and mass transport is to disperse any local zones of high heat generation rate. As a result, hot spots cannot physically develop for this case. However, assuming a retrograde solubility dependence, the simulations indicate the formation of localized deposition zones that concentrate the {sup 137}Cs near the bottom center of the tank where the temperatures are highest. Recent experimental studies suggest that Cs{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6}(c) does not exhibit retrograde solubility over the temperature range 25{degree}C to 90{degree}C and NaOH concentrations to 5 M. Assuming these preliminary results are confirmed, no natural mass transport process exists for generating a hot spot in the ferrocyanide single-shell tanks.
McGrail, B.P.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report is an evaluation of Best Available Control Technology for Toxics (tBACT) for installation and operation of the Hanford double shell (DST) tank primary ventilation systems. The DST primary ventilation systems are being modified to support Hanford's waste retrieval, mixing, and delivery of single shell tank (SST) and DST waste through the DST storage system to the Waste Treatment and Immobilizaiton Plant (WTP).
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report is an evaluation of Best Available Control Technology for Toxics (tBACT) for installation and operation of the Hanford double shell (DST) tank primary ventilation systems. The DST primary ventilation systems are being modified to support Hanford's waste retrieval, mixing, and delivery of single shell tank (SST) and DST waste throught the DST storage system to the Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP).
Mechanisms influencing the behavior of superdeformed nuclei are studied using several well established nuclear structure techniques. In particular: pairing, thermal excitation, shell and liquid-drop mechanisms are considered. The effects of quadrupole and hexadecapole (both axial and non-axial), and octupole deformation degrees of freedom are studied. Most of the results are illustrated using the case of /sup 152/Dy nucleus in which a superdeformed band extending up to I approx. 60 h-bar has been found in experiment. Some comparisons between /sup 152/Dy and the nuclei in the neighborhood are given. Calculations show that pairing ''de-aligns'' typically 6 to 8 units of angular momentum, as compared to the corresponding rigid rotation. This takes place for spins extending up to the highest limit, and thus diminishes the effective moments of inertia. Predicted octupole shape susceptibility is extremely large, significantly stronger than the susceptibilities known in the ground-states of many Actinide nuclei. Consequences of this result for the near-constancy of the dynamical moments of inertia are pointed out. Nuclear level densities calculated in function of spin, excitation energy and deformation explain the ''unusual'' side feeding pattern of the /sup 152/Dy superdeformed states. Predictions of super-superdeformed nuclear states (axis ratio varying between 2:1 and 3:1 or more) are given and exemplified for Erbium nuclei. Finally, the problem of superdeformation stability and the influence of increased collective inertia on a barrier penetration are examined. An analytical expression for the effective inertia parameter is obtained and its derivation outlined. 35 refs., 9 figs.
Dudek, J.
The relativistic Hartree approximation predicts a deep attractive potential for antinucleon, which largely reduce the threshold energies of the nucleon-antinucleon (N-Nbar) production. This effect has played an important role to explain the quenching of the Gamow-Teller (GT) strength because the quenched strength in the particle-hole excitation is partially taken by the nucleon-antinucleon production. On the other hand antiproton experiments do not reveal deep attractive potential for antinucleon. In this paper we study energy-dependence of the nucleon self-energies in the relativistic Hartree-Fock (RHF) approximation in off-mass-shell states. Then we demonstrate that the antinucleon appearing in low energy observables is in the off-mass-shell energy region and its properties are quite different from that at the on-mass-shell state. Furthermore we show that the quenched amount of the GT strength is not taken only by the \\NNbar production but also by the meson production through the imaginary part of the nucleon self-energy in the RHF approximation.
Tomoyuki Maruyama
Six safety initiatives have been identified for accelerating the resolution of waste tank safety issues and closure of unreviewed safety questions. Safety Initiative 5 is to reduce safety and environmental risk from tank leaks. Item d of Safety Initiative 5 is to complete corrosion studies of single-shell tanks to determine failure mechanisms and corrosion control options to minimize further degradation by June 1994. This report has been prepared to fulfill Safety Initiative 5, Item d. The corrosion mechanisms that apply to Hanford Site single-shell tanks are stress corrosion cracking, pitting/crevice corrosion, uniform corrosion, hydrogen embrittlement, and microbiologically influenced corrosion. The corrosion data relevant to the single-shell tanks dates back three decades, when results were obtained from in-situ corrosion coupons in a few single-shell tanks. Since that time there have been intertank transfers, evaporation, and chemical alterations of the waste. These activities have changed the character and the present composition of the waste is not well characterized. All conclusions and recommendations are made in the absence of relevant laboratory experimental data and tank inspection data. The report attempts to identify the failure mechanisms by a literature survey of carbon steel data in environments similar to the single-shell tank wastes, and by a review of the work performed at the Savannah River Site where similar wastes are stored in similar carbon steel tanks. Based on these surveys, and in the absence of data specific to Hanford single-shell tanks, it may be concluded that the single-shell tanks identified as leakers failed primarily by stress corrosion cracking due to the presence of high nitrate/low hydroxide wastes and residual stresses. In addition, some failures may be attributed to pitting under crevices in low hydroxide locations.
Anantatmula, R.P.; Schwenk, E.B. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States); Danielson, M.J. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-C-109
This document provides the characterization information and interprets the data for Single-Shell Tank 241-C-109. Single-Shell Tank 241-C-109 is an underground storage tank containing high-level radioactive waste. It is located in the C Tank Farm in the Hanford Site`s 200 East Area. The tank was sampled in September of 1992 to address the Ferrocyanide Unreviewed Safety Question. Analyses of tank waste were also performed to support Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order Milestone M-44-08. Tank 241-C-109 went into service in 1946 and received first-cycle decontamination waste from bismuth phosphate process operations at B Plant in 1948. Other waste types added that are expected to contribute to the current contents include ferrocyanide scavenging waste and Strontium Semiworks waste. It is the last tank in a cascade with Tanks 241-C-107 and 241-C-108. The tank has a capacity of 2,010 kL (530 kgal) and currently contains 250 kL (66 kgal) of waste, existing primarily of sludge. Approximately 9.15 kL (4 kgal) of supernate remain. The sludge is heterogeneous, with significantly different chemical compositions depending on waste depth. The major waste constituents include aluminum, calcium, iron, nickel, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, sodium, sulfate and uranium. The major radionuclides present are Cesium 137 and Strontium 90. The results of this characterization indicate that the waste in this tank is adequately described in the Dangerous Waste Permit Application of the Single-Shell Tank System.
DiCenso, A.T.; Amato, L.C.; Lambie, R.W.; Franklin, J.D.; Seymour, B.J.; Johnson, K.W.; Stevens, R.H. [Los Alamos Technical Associates, Inc., Kennewick, WA (United States); Remund, K.M. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States); Sasaki, L.M.; Simpson, B.C. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
It is now generally accepted that long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are due to the collapse of massive rotating stars. The precise collapse process itself, however, is not yet fully understood. Strong winds, outbursts, and intense ionizing UV radiation from single stars or strongly interacting binaries are expected to destroy the molecular cloud cores that give birth to them and create highly complex circumburst environments for the explosion. Such environments might imprint features on GRB light curves that uniquely identify the nature of the progenitor and its collapse. We have performed numerical simulations of realistic environments for a variety of long-duration GRB progenitors with ZEUS-MP and have developed an analytical method for calculating GRB light curves in these profiles. Though a full, three-dimensional, relativistic magnetohydrodynamical computational model is required to precisely describe the light curve from a GRB in complex environments, our method can provide a qualitative understanding of these phenomena. We find that, in the context of the standard afterglow model, massive shells around GRBs produce strong signatures in their light curves, and that this can distinguish them from those occurring in uniform media or steady winds. These features can constrain the mass of the shell and the properties of the wind before and after the ejection. Moreover, the interaction of the GRB with the circumburst shell is seen to produce features that are consistent with observed X-ray flares that are often attributed to delayed energy injection by the central engine. Our algorithm for computing light curves is also applicable to GRBs in a variety of environments such as those in high-redshift cosmological halos or protogalaxies, both of which will soon be targets of future surveys such as the Joint Astrophysics Nascent Satellite or Lobster.
Mesler, Robert A.; Pihlstroem, Ylva M. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, MSC07 4220, Albuquerque, NM 87131 (United States); Whalen, Daniel J. [MS B227, T-2 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM, 87545 (United States); Lloyd-Ronning, Nicole M.; Fryer, Chris L., E-mail: email@example.com [MS-B227, T-6 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos NM, 87545 (United States)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We have established a scale-up synthesis method to produce gram-quantities of Pt monolayer electrocatalysts. The core-shell structure of the Pt/Pd/C electrocatalyst has been verified using the HAADF-STEM Z-contrast images, STEM/EELS, and STEM/EDS line profile analysis. The atomic structure of this electrocatalyst and formation of a Pt monolayer on Pd nanoparticle surfaces were examined using in situ EXAFS. The Pt mass activity of the Pt/Pd/C electrocatalyst for ORR is considerably higher than that of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts. The results with Pt monolayer electrocatalysts may significantly impact science of electrocatalysis and fuel-cell technology, as they have demonstrated an exceptionally effective way of using Pt that can resolve problems of other approaches, including electrocatalysts inadequate activity and high Pt content.
Sasaki, K. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Wang, J.X. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Naohara, H. [Toyota Motor Corp.; Marinkovic, N. [University of Delaware; More, Karren Leslie [ORNL; Inada, H. [Hitachi High Technologies America; Adzic, R.R. [Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)
Applications of the Strong Heat Transformation by Pulse Flow in the Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
This article deals with the heat exchange coefficient varied with pulse frequency in the pulsation tube with different flow forms. The findings show that heat can be exchanged coefficient with the pulse frequency, and it has an optimal frequency. The laminar flow and turbulent flow have approximately the same optimal frequency, i.e., about 8 Hz. When the pulsation source was placed in the upstream and downstream position, the heat transformation was completed dissimilarly. These results are coincident with previous experiments. The article also gives some information on the applications of the heat transformation by pulse flow in the shell and tube heat exchanger.
Chen, Y.; Zhao, J.
Investigation of the role of shell structure in quasi-fission mass distributions
Systematic measurements of mass-ratio distributions for fission following collisions of $^{48}$Ti projectiles with even-even target nuclei from $^{144}$Sm to $^{208}$Pb have been made at sub-barrier energies. They show the presence of quasifission, and depend strongly on target nucleus deformation and the fissility of the composite nucleus. A new framework to analyse systematic mass-ratio measurements allows direct comparison with the trends expected from shell structure, independent of assumptions or fits. This indicates that quasi-fission mass distributions show trends consistent with low energy mass-asymmetric fission of the same actinide elements.
D. J. Hinde; R. du Rietz; R. G. Thomas; M. Dasgupta; C. Simenel; M. L. Brown; M. Evers; D. H. Luong; L. R. Gasques; R. Rafiei; A. Wakhle
Differences Between the Pole and On-Shell Masses and Widths of the Higgs Boson
The differences between the on-shell mass and width of the Higgs boson and their pole counterparts are evaluated in leading order. For a heavy Higgs boson, they are found to be sensitive functions of the gauge parameter and become numerically large over a class of gauges that includes the unitary gauge. For a light Higgs boson, the differences remain small in all gauges. The pinch-technique mass and width are found to be close to their pole counterparts over a large range of Higgs boson masses.
B. A. Kniehl; A. Sirlin
Tank selection for Light Duty Utility Arm (LDUA) system hot testing in a single shell tank
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The purpose of this report is to recommend a single shell tank in which to hot test the Light Duty Utility Arm (LDUA) for the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) in Fiscal Year 1996. The LDUA is designed to utilize a 12 inch riser. During hot testing, the LDUA will deploy two end effectors (a High Resolution Stereoscopic Video Camera System and a Still/Stereo Photography System mounted on the end of the arm`s tool interface plate). In addition, three other systems (an Overview Video System, an Overview Stereo Video System, and a Topographic Mapping System) will be independently deployed and tested through 4 inch risers.
Bhatia, P.K.
Observation of shells in Coulomb explosions of rare-gas clusters
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The explosions of noble gas clusters from argon and xenon irradiated by intense 35-fs infrared laser pulses have been studied. The kinetic energy spectra of ions produced in small clusters (shell structure that is attributed to originating from a radial charge distribution. With a simple classical particle simulation of Coulomb explosions, the energy structure was reproduced using information on the arrangement of charge in the cluster. It was found that, during the explosion, the inner atoms of the clusters were less ionized than the outer atoms.
Erk, B.; Hoffmann, K.; Kandadai, N.; Helal, A.; Keto, J.; Ditmire, T. [Texas Center for High Intensity Laser Science, Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 (United States)
Half-life calculation of one-proton emitters with a shell model potential
The accumulated amount of data for half-lives of proton emitters still remains a challenge to the ability of nuclear models to reproduce them consistently. These nuclei are far from beta stability line in a region where the validity of current nuclear models is not guaranteed. A nuclear shell model is introduced to the calculation of the nuclear barrier of less deformed proton emitters. The predictions using the proposed model are in good agreement with the data, with the advantage of have used only a single parameter in the model.
Rodrigues, M. M.; Duarte, S. B. [Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas-CBPF/MCT Rua Dr. Xavier Sigaud, 150, 22290-180, Rio de Janeiro-RJ (Brazil); Teruya, N. [Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal da Paraiba - UFPB Campus de Joao Pessoa, 58051-970, Joao Pessoa - PB (Brazil)
L-Shell Spectroscopy of Au as a Temperature Diagnostic Tool
In order to develop plasma diagnostic for reduced-size hot hohlraums under laser irradiation, they have studied the L-shell emission from highly charged gold ions in the SuperEBIT electron beam ion trap. The resolving power necessary to identify emission features from individual charge states in a picket fence pattern has been estimated, and the observed radiation features have been compared with atomic structure calculations. They find that the strong 3d{sub 5/2} {yields} 2p{sub 3/2} emission features are particularly useful in determining the charge state distribution and average ion charge
Tr?bert, E; Hansen, S B; Beiersdorfer, P; Brown, G V; Widmann, K; Chung, H K
??This study looked at oil industry employees and Nigerians perceptions of Exxon Mobil and Shell Oil as socially responsible corporations and the role the two-step� (more)
Narcisse, Liana L.
Multi-spectral Observations of Lunar Occultations: I. Resolving The Dust Shell Around AFGL 5440
We present observations and modeling of a lunar occultation of the dust-enshrouded carbon star AFGL 5440. The observations were made over a continuous range of wavelengths from 1 - 4um with a high-speed spectrophotometer designed expressly for this purpose. We find that the occultation fringes cannot be fit by any single-size model. We use the DUSTY radiative transfer code to model a circumstellar shell and fit both the observed occultation light curves and the spectral energy distribution described in the literature. We find a strong constraint on the inner radius of the dust shell, Tmax = 950 K +/- 50K, and optical depth at 5um of 0.5 +/- 0.1. The observations are best fit by models with a density gradient of r^-2 or the gradient derived by Ivezic & Elitzur for a radiatively driven hydrodynamic outflow. Our models cannot fit the observed IRAS 60um flux without assuming a substantial abundance of graphite or by assuming a substantially higher mass-loss rate in the past.
Paul M. Harvey; Andrew Oldag
Multi-spectral Observations of Lunar Occultations: I. Resolving The Dust Shell Around AFGL 5440
We present observations and modeling of a lunar occultation of the dust-enshrouded carbon star AFGL 5440. The observations were made over a continuous range of wavelengths from 1 - 4um with a high-speed spectrophotometer designed expressly for this purpose. We find that the occultation fringes cannot be fit by any single-size model. We use the DUSTY radiative transfer code to model a circumstellar shell and fit both the observed occultation light curves and the spectral energy distribution described in the literature. We find a strong constraint on the inner radius of the dust shell, Tmax = 950 K +/- 50K, and optical depth at 5um of 0.5 +/- 0.1. The observations are best fit by models with a density gradient of r^-2 or the gradient derived by Ivezic & Elitzur for a radiatively driven hydrodynamic outflow. Our models cannot fit the observed IRAS 60um flux without assuming a substantial abundance of graphite or by assuming a substantially higher mass-loss rate in the past.
Harvey, Paul M
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Feedwater heaters of many nuclear power plants have recently experienced severe wall thinning damage, which will increase as operating time progresses. Several nuclear power plants in Korea have experienced wall thinning damage in the area around the impingement baffle - installed downstream of the high pressure turbine extraction steam line - inside number 5A and 5B feedwater heaters. At that point, the extracted steam from the high pressure turbine is two phase fluid at high temperature, high pressure, and high speed. Since it flows in reverse direction after impinging the impingement baffle, the shell wall of the number 5 high pressure feedwater heater may be affected by flow-accelerated corrosion. This paper describes the comparisons between the numerical analysis results using the FLUENT code and the down scale experimental data in an effort to determine root causes of the shell wall thinning of the high pressure feedwater heaters. The numerical analysis and experimental data were also confirmed by actual wall thickness measured by an ultrasonic test. (authors)
Kyeong Mo, Hwang; Tae Eun, Jin [Korea Power Engineering Company, 360-9, Mabuk-dong, Kusong-Eup, Yongin-Shi (Korea, Republic of); Lee, Woo [Daeji Metal Co., LTD., 994-57, Dongchun-Dong, Yeunsu-Gu, Incheon Shi (Korea, Republic of); Kyung Hoon, Kim [Kyunghee University, 1, Seocheon-Ri, Gihung-Eup, Yongin-Shi (Korea, Republic of)
The theory of shell-based Q-mappings in geometric function theory
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Open, discrete Q-mappings in R{sup n}, n{>=}2, Q element of L{sup 1}{sub loc}, are proved to be absolutely continuous on lines, to belong to the Sobolev class W{sub loc}{sup 1,1}, to be differentiable almost everywhere and to have the N{sup -1}-property (converse to the Luzin N-property). It is shown that a family of open, discrete shell-based Q-mappings leaving out a subset of positive capacity is normal, provided that either Q has finite mean oscillation at each point or Q has only logarithmic singularities of order at most n-1. Under the same assumptions on Q it is proved that an isolated singularity x{sub 0} element of D of an open discrete shell-based Q-map f:D/{l_brace}x{sub 0{r_brace}{yields}}R-bar{sup n} is removable; moreover, the extended map is open and discrete. On the basis of these results analogues of the well-known Liouville, Sokhotskii-Weierstrass and Picard theorems are obtained. Bibliography: 34 titles.
Salimov, Ruslan R; Sevost'yanov, Evgenii A [Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Ukraine National Academy of Sciences, Donetsk (Ukraine)
Protection of Cities from Small Rockets, Missiles, Projectiles and Mortar Shells
The authors suggest a low cost closed AB-Dome, which may protect small cities such as Sederot from rockets, mortar shells, chemical and biological weapons. The offered AB-Dome is also very useful in peacetime because it protects the city from outside weather (violent storms, hail) and creates a fine climate within the Dome. The roughly hemispherical AB-Dome is a gigantic inflated thin transparent film, located at altitude up to 1 - 5 kilometers, which converts the city into a closed-loop air system. The film may be armored with a basalt or steel grille or cloth pocket-retained stones that destroy (by collision or detonation) incoming rockets, shells and other projectiles. Such an AB-Dome would even protect the city in case of a third-party nuclear war involving temporary poisoning of the Earth atmosphere by radioactive dust. The building of the offered dome is easy; the film spreads on the ground, the fan engines turn on and the cover rises to the needed altitude and is supported there by a small internal ove...
Bolonkin, Alexander
Contaminant Release Data Package for Residual Waste in Single-Shell Hanford Tanks
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order requires that a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Facility Investigation report be submitted to the Washington State Department of Ecology. The RCRA Facility Investigation report will provide a detailed description of the state of knowledge needed for tank farm performance assessments. This data package provides detailed technical information about contaminant release from closed single-shell tanks necessary to support the RCRA Facility Investigation report. It was prepared by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) for CH2M HILL Hanford Group, Inc., which is tasked by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) with tank closure. This data package is a compilation of contaminant release rate data for residual waste in the four Hanford single-shell tanks (SSTs) that have been tested (C-103, C-106, C-202, and C-203). The report describes the geochemical properties of the primary contaminants of interest from the perspective of long-term risk to groundwater (uranium, technetium-99, iodine-129, chromium, transuranics, and nitrate), the occurrence of these contaminants in the residual waste, release mechanisms from the solid waste to water infiltrating the tanks in the future, and the laboratory tests conducted to measure release rates.
Deutsch, William J.; Cantrell, Kirk J.; Krupka, Kenneth M.
Hanford Double-Shell Tank Extent-of-Condition Construction Review - 14174
During routine visual inspections of Hanford double-shell waste tank 241-AY-102 (AY-102), anomalies were identified on the annulus floor which resulted in further evaluations. Following a formal leak assessment in October 2012, Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC (WRPS) determined that the primary tank of AY-102 was leaking. The formal leak assessment, documented in RPP-ASMT-53793,Tank 241-AY-102 Leak Assessment Report, identified first-of-a-kind construction difficulties and trial-and-error repairs as major contributing factors to tank failure. To determine if improvements in double-shell tank (DST) construction occurred after construction of tank AY-102, a detailed review and evaluation of historical construction records were performed for the first three DST tank farms constructed, which included tanks 241-AY-101, 241-AZ-101, 241-AZ-102, 241-SY-101, 241-SY-102, and 241-SY-103. The review for these six tanks involved research and review of dozens of boxes of historical project documentation. These reviews form a basis to better understand the current condition of the three oldest Hanford DST farms. They provide a basis for changes to the current tank inspection program and also provide valuable insight into future tank use decisions. If new tanks are constructed in the future, these reviews provide valuable ?lessons-learned? information about expected difficulties as well as construction practices and techniques that are likely to be successful.
Venetz, Theodore J.; Johnson, Jeremy M.; Gunter, Jason R.; Barnes, Travis J.; Washenfelder, Dennis J.; Boomer, Kayle D.
Lattice-Strain Control of Exceptional Activity in Dealloyed Core-Shell Fuel Cell Catalysts
We present a combined experimental and theoretical approach to demonstrate how lattice strain can be used to continuously tune the catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on bimetallic nanoparticles that have been dealloyed. The sluggish kinetics of the ORR is a key barrier to the adaptation of fuel cells and currently limits their widespread use. Dealloyed Pt-Cu bimetallic nanoparticles, however, have been shown to exhibit uniquely high reactivity for this reaction. We first present evidence for the formation of a core-shell structure during dealloying, which involves removal of Cu from the surface and subsurface of the precursor nanoparticles. We then show that the resulting Pt-rich surface shell exhibits compressive strain that depends on the composition of the precursor alloy. We next demonstrate the existence of a downward shift of the Pt d-band, resulting in weakening of the bond strength of intermediate oxygenated species due to strain. Finally, we combine synthesis, strain, and catalytic reactivity in an experimental/theoretical reactivity-strain relationship which provides guidelines for the rational design of strained oxygen reduction electrocatalysts. The stoichiometry of the precursor, together with the dealloying conditions, provides experimental control over the resulting surface strain and thereby allows continuous tuning of the surface electrocatalytic reactivity - a concept that can be generalized to other catalytic reactions.
Strasser, Peter
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The Double-Shell Tank (DST) System is required to transition from its current storage mission to a storage and retrieval mission supporting the River Protection Project Phase 1 privatization, defined in HNF-SD-WM-MAR-008, Tank Waste Remediation System Mission Analysis Report. Requirements for the DST subsystems are being developed using the top-down systems engineering process outlined in HNF-SD-WM-SEMP-002, Tank Waste Remediation System Systems Engineering Management Plan. This top-down process considers existing designs to the extent that these designs impose unavoidable constraints on the Phase 1 mission. Existing engineering-basis documents were screened, and the unavoidable constraints were identified. The constraints identified herein will be added to the DST System specification (HNF-SD-WM-TRD-007, System Specification for the Double-Shell Tank System). While the letter revisions of the DST System specification were constructed with a less rigorous review of the existing engineering-basis documents, the Revision 0 release of the specification must incorporate the results of the review documented herein. The purpose of this document is to describe the screening process and criteria used to determine which constraints are unavoidable and to document the screening results.
Shell Structure, Melting and Dynamics of Ion Clusters Confined in an Octupolar Trap
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The stable structures of clusters of identical ions trapped in an isotropic octupolar trap are investigated using global optimization methods. These clusters form well defined shells of ions that are approximately solutions of the Thomson problem. In particular, magic numbers are found to correlate with highly symmetric configurations. Using Monte Carlo simulations, finite temperature properties are also investigated. Melting proceeds from the core, and takes place through a very progressive loss of the shell structure. The hollow shape is eventually lost at very high temperatures, where the ions essentially feel the confinement but not the Coulomb repulsion. The vibrational density of states shows marked differences with the harmonic case, but also with bulk Wigner crystals. The variations of the maximal Lyapunov exponent obtained from additional molecular dynamics trajectories reveals that the dynamics becomes increasingly chaotic as the temperature increases. With the decreasing influence of the Coulomb interaction, a more regular behavior is found at very high temperatures but, contrary to the quadrupolar case, still highly chaotic.
Calvo, F. [LASIM, Universite Claude Bernard and CNRS, Bat. A. Kastler, 43 Bd du 11 Novembre 1918, F69622 Villeurbanne Cedex (France); Yurtsever, E. [Koc University, Rumelifeneriyolu, Sariyer, Istanbul 34450 (Turkey)
Bottom head to shell junction assembly for a boiling water nuclear reactor
A bottom head to shell junction assembly which, in one embodiment, includes an annular forging having an integrally formed pump deck and shroud support is described. In the one embodiment, the annular forging also includes a top, cylindrical shaped end configured to be welded to one end of the pressure vessel cylindrical shell and a bottom, conical shaped end configured to be welded to the disk shaped bottom head. Reactor internal pump nozzles also are integrally formed in the annular forging. The nozzles do not include any internal or external projections. Stubs are formed in each nozzle opening to facilitate welding a pump housing to the forging. Also, an upper portion of each nozzle opening is configured to receive a portion of a diffuser coupled to a pump shaft which extends through the nozzle opening. Diffuser openings are formed in the integral pump deck to provide additional support for the pump impellers. The diffuser opening is sized so that a pump impeller can extend at least partially therethrough. The pump impeller is connected to the pump shaft which extends through the nozzle opening. 5 figs.
Fife, A.B.; Ballas, G.J.
Bottom head to shell junction assembly for a boiling water nuclear reactor
A bottom head to shell junction assembly which, in one embodiment, includes an annular forging having an integrally formed pump deck and shroud support is described. In the one embodiment, the annular forging also includes a top, cylindrical shaped end configured to be welded to one end of the pressure vessel cylindrical shell and a bottom, conical shaped end configured to be welded to the disk shaped bottom head. Reactor internal pump nozzles also are integrally formed in the annular forging. The nozzles do not include any internal or external projections. Stubs are formed in each nozzle opening to facilitate welding a pump housing to the forging. Also, an upper portion of each nozzle opening is configured to receive a portion of a diffuser coupled to a pump shaft which extends through the nozzle opening. Diffuser openings are formed in the integral pump deck to provide additional support for the pump impellers. The diffuser opening is sized so that a pump impeller can extend at least partially therethrough. The pump impeller is connected to the pump shaft which extends through the nozzle opening.
Fife, Alex Blair (San Jose, CA); Ballas, Gary J. (San Jose, CA)
Analysis of organic carbon and moisture in Hanford single-shell tank waste
This report documents a revised analysis performed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory involving the organic carbon laboratory measurement data for Hanford single-shell tanks (SSTs) obtained from a review of the laboratory analytical data. This activity has as its objective to provide a best-estimate, including confidence levels, of total organic carbon (TOC) and moisture in each of the 149 SSTs at Hanford. The TOC and moisture information presented in this report is useful as part of the criteria to identify SSTs for additional measurements, or monitoring for the Organic Safety Program. In April 1994, an initial study of the organic carbon in Hanford single-shell tanks was completed at PNL. That study reflected the estimates of TOC based on tank characterizations datasets that were available at the time. Also in that study, estimation of dry basis TOC was based on generalized assumptions pertaining to the moisture of the tank wastes. The new information pertaining to tank moisture and TOC data that has become available from the current study influences the best estimates of TOC in each of the SSTs. This investigation of tank TOC and moisture has resulted in improved estimates based on waste phase: saltcake, sludge, or liquid. This report details the assumptions and methodologies used to develop the estimates of TOC and moisture in each of the 149 SSTs at Hanford.
Toth, J.J.; Heasler, P.G.; Lerchen, M.E.; Hill, J.G.; Whitney, P.D.
Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-S-104
In July and August 1992, Single-Shell Tank 241-S-104 was sampled as part of the overall characterization effort directed by the Hanford Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. Sampling was also performed to determine proper handling of the waste, to address corrosivity and compatibility issues, and to comply with requirements of the Washington Administrative Code. This Tank Characterization Report presents an overview of that tank sampling and analysis effort, and contains observations regarding waste characteristics. It also presents expected concentration and bulk inventory data for the waste contents based on this latest sampling data and background historical and surveillance tank information. Finally, this report makes recommendations and conclusions regarding operational safety. The purpose of this report is to describe the characteristics the waste in Single-Shell Tank 241-S-104 (hereafter, Tank 241-S-104) based on information obtained from a variety of sources. This report summarizes the available information regarding the chemical and physical properties of the waste in Tank 241-S-104, and using the historical information to place the analytical data in context, arranges this information in a format useful for making management and technical decisions concerning waste tank safety and disposal issues. In addition, conclusions and recommendations are presented based on safety issues and further characterization needs.
DiCenso, A.T.; Simpson, B.C.
Discovery of the First Leaking Double-Shell Tank - Hanford Tank 241-AY-102-14222
A routine video inspection of the annulus space between the primary tank and secondary liner of double-shell tank 241-AY-102 was performed in August 2012. During the inspection, unexpected material was discovered. A subsequent video inspection revealed additional unexpected material on the opposite side of the tank, none of which had been observed during inspections performed in December 2006 and January 2007. A formal leak assessment team was established to review the tank's construction and operating histories, and preparations for sampling and analysis began to determine the material's origin. A new sampling device was required to collect material from locations that were inaccessible to the available sampler. Following its design and fabrication, a mock-up test was performed for the new sampling tool to ensure its functionality and capability of performing the required tasks. Within three months of the discovery of the unexpected material, sampling tools were deployed, material was collected, and analyses were performed. Results indicated that some of the unknown material was indicative of soil, whereas the remainder was consistent with tank waste. This, along with the analyses performed by the leak assessment team on the tank's construction history, lead to the conclusion that the primary tank was leaking into the annulus. Several issues were encountered during the deployment of the samplers into the annulus. As this was the first time samples had been required from the annulus of a double-shell tank, a formal lessons learned was created concerning designing equipment for unique purposes under time constraints.
Harrington, Stephanie J.; Sams, Terry L.
Initial cone-in-shell fast-ignition experiments on OMEGA
Fast ignition is a two-step inertial confinement fusion concept where megaelectron volt electrons ignite the compressed core of an imploded fuel capsule driven by a relatively low-implosion velocity. Initial surrogate cone-in-shell, fast-ignitor experiments using a highly shaped driver pulse to assemble a dense core in front of the cone tip were performed on the OMEGA/OMEGA EP Laser [T. R. Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997); L. J. Waxer et al., Opt. Photonics News 16, 30 (2005)]. With optimal timing, the OMEGA EP pulse produced up to {approx}1.4 x 10{sup 7} additional neutrons which is a factor of {approx}4 more neutrons than without short-pulse heating. Shock-breakout measurements performed with the same targets and drive conditions demonstrate an intact cone tip at the time when the additional neutrons are produced. Velocity interferometer system for any reflector measurements show that x-rays from the shell's coronal plasma preheat the inner cone wall of thin-walled Au cones, while the thick-walled cones that are used in the integrated experiments are not affected by preheat.
Theobald, W.; Solodov, A. A.; Stoeckl, C.; Anderson, K. S.; Boehly, T. R.; Craxton, R. S.; Delettrez, J. A.; Dorrer, C.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Knauer, J. P.; Marshall, F. J.; Marshall, K. L.; Nilson, P. M.; Sangster, T. C.; Seka, W. [Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299 (United States); Betti, R.; Meyerhofer, D. D. [Laboratory for Laser Energetics and Fusion Science Center, 250 East River Road, Rochester, New York 14623-1299 (United States); Departments of Mechanical Engineering and Physics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623 (United States); Frenje, J. A.; Sinenian, N. [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States); Habara, H. [Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871 Osaka (Japan)
Proton emission from cone-in-shell fast-ignition experiments at Omega
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Measurements of energetic protons from cone-in-shell fast-igniton implosions at Omega have been conducted. In these experiments, charged-particle spectrometers were used to measure a significant population (>10{sup 13}) of energetic protons (7.5 MeV max.), indicating the presence of strong electric fields. These energetic protons, observed in directions both transverse and forward relative to the direction of the short-pulse laser beam, have been used to study aspects of coupling efficiency of the petawatt fast-ignitior beam. Approximately 5% of the laser energy coupled to hot electrons was lost to fast ions. Forward going protons were less energetic and showed no dependence on laser intensity or whether the cone tip was intact when the short-pulse laser was fired. Maximum energies of protons emitted transverse to the cone-in-shell target scale with incident on-target laser intensity (2-6 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 18}W-cm{sup -2}), as described by the ponderomotive scaling ({proportional_to}I{sup 1/2}). It is shown that these protons are accelerated from the entire cone, rather than from the cone tip alone. These protons were used to estimate the lower limit on the hot-electron temperature, which was found to be hotter than the ponderomotive scaling by factors of 2-3.
Sinenian, N.; Frenje, J. A.; Seguin, F. H.; Li, C. K.; Petrasso, R. D. [Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States); Theobald, W.; Stoeckl, C. [Laboratory for Laser Energetics, Rochester, New York 14623 (United States); Stephens, R. B. [General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186 (United States)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The River Protection Project (RPP) is planning to retrieve radioactive waste from the single-shell tanks (SST) and double-shell tanks (DST) underground at the Hanford Site. This waste will then be transferred to a waste treatment plant to be immobilized (vitrified) in a stable glass form. Over the years, the waste solids in many of the tanks have settled to form a layer of sludge at the bottom. The thickness of the sludge layer varies from tank to tank, from no sludge or a few inches of sludge to about 15 ft of sludge. The purpose of this technology and engineering case study is to evaluate the Flygt{trademark} submersible propeller mixer as a potential technology for auxiliary mobilization of DST HLW solids. Considering the usage and development to date by other sites in the development of this technology, this study also has the objective of expanding the knowledge base of the Flygt{trademark} mixer concept with the broader perspective of Hanford Site tank waste retrieval. More specifically, the objectives of this study delineated from the work plan are described.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report documents the safety evaluation of the process of retrieving sludge waste from single-shell tank 241-C-106 using oxalic acid. The results of the HAZOP, safety evaluation, and control allocation/decision are part of the report. This safety evaluation considers the use of oxalic acid to recover residual waste in single-shell tank (SST) 241-C-106. This is an activity not addressed in the current tank farm safety basis. This evaluation has five specific purposes: (1) Identifying the key configuration and operating assumptions needed to evaluate oxalic acid dissolution in SST 241-C-106. (2) Documenting the hazardous conditions identified during the oxalic acid dissolution hazard and operability study (HAZOP). (3) Documenting the comparison of the HAZOP results to the hazardous conditions and associated analyzed accident currently included in the safety basis, as documented in HNF-SD-WM-TI-764, ''Hazard Analysis Database Report''. (4) Documenting the evaluation of the oxalic acid dissolution activity with respect to Accident analyses described in HNF-SD-WM-SAR-067, ''Tank Farms Final Safety Analysis Report'' (FSAR). (5)Controls specified in HNF-SD-WM-TSR-006, ''Tank Farms Technical Safety Requirements'' (TSR). Documenting the process and results of control decisions as well as the applicability of preventive and/or mitigative controls to each oxalic acid addition hazardous condition.
Structural analysis and evaluation of a mixer pump in a double-shell tank at the Hanford Site
The double-shell waste tank 241-SY-101 is a 1,000,000 gallon tank used to store radioactive waste at the Hanford Site near Richland, Washington. With time the waste has formed two layers of sludge, a convective and a nonconvective layer. In addition, a crest has formed over the surface of the waste, isolating the convective layer from the vapor space. Ongoing reactions in the waste cause a buildup of hydrogen molecules that become trapped within the nonconvective layer and under the crust. Over time, this hydrogen buildup increases pressure on the crest from beneath. Every 100 to 140 days, the pressure is released when the crust lifts upward in what is called a waste rollover. To prevent the release of a large volume of hydrogen to the vapor space, a mixer pump has been designed to be installed in the tank to circulate the waste and reduce or prevent the hydrogen buildup. The structural analysis and evaluation designed as part of the hydrogen mitigation test process and presented herein addresses the response of the mixer pump and the tank dome resulting from expected operational and design loads. The loads include deadweight, waste rollover, asymmetric thrust, and pump vibration, as well as seismic loads. The seismically induced loads take into consideration both the convective and the impulsive effects of the waste-filled tank. The structural evaluations were performed in accordance with applicable national codes and standards. The qualification of the mixer pump required the design of a unique mounting assembly to transfer the loads from the pump to the surrounding soil without overstressing the structural components such as the dome penetration riser. Also, special consideration was given to minimize the additional stresses in the already stressed concrete tank dome.
Rezvani, M.A.; Strehlow, J.P. [Westinghouse Hanford Co., Richland, WA (United States); Baliga, R. [ADVENT Engineering Services, Inc., San Ramon, CA (United States)
Safety of single-shell tanks containing ferrocyanide wastes is of concern. Ferrocyanide in the presence of an oxidizer such as NaNO{sub 3} or NaNO{sub 2} is explosively combustible when concentrated and heated. Evaluating the processes that could affect the fuel content of waste and distribution of the tank heat load is important. Highly alkaline liquid wastes were transferred in and out of the tanks over several years. Since Na{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6} is much more soluble in alkaline media, the ferrocyanide could be dispersed from the tank more easily. If Cs{sub 2}NiFe(CN){sub 6} or CsNaNiFe(CN){sub 6} are also soluble in alkaline media, solubilization and transport of {sup 137}Cs could also occur. Transporting this heat generating radionuclide to a localized area in the tanks is a potential mechanism for generating a ``hot spot.`` Fluid convection could potentially speed the transport process considerably over aqueous diffusion alone. A stability analysis was performed for a dense fluid layer overlying a porous medium saturated by a less dense fluid with the finding that the configuration is unconditionally unstable and independent of the properties of the porous medium or the magnitude of the fluid density difference. A parametric modeling study of the buoyancy-driven flow due to a thermal gradient was combusted to establish the relationship between the waste physical and thermal properties and natural convection heat transfer. The effects of diffusion and fluid convection on the redistribution of the {sup 137}Cs were evaluated with a 2-D coupled heat and mass transport model. The maximum predicted temperature rise associated with the formation of zones was only 5{degrees}C and thus is of no concern in terms of generating a localized ``hot spot.``
McGrail, B.P.; Trent, D.S.; Terrones, G.; Hudson, J.D.; Michener, T.E.
We make numerical comparison of spectra from angular-momentum projection on Hartree-Fock states with spectra from configuration-interaction nuclear shell-model calculations, all carried out in the same model spaces (in this case the sd, lower pf, and p-sd_5/2 shells) and using the same input Hamiltonians. We find, unsurprisingly, that the low-lying excitation spectra for rotational nuclides are well reproduced, but the spectra for vibrational nuclides, and more generally the complex specta for odd-A and odd-odd nuclides are less well reproduced in detail.
Joshua T. Staker; Calvin W. Johnson
Formation of core/shell-like ZnSe1?xTex nanocrystals due to equilibrium surface segregation
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We report results of equilibrium surface segregation in ZnSe{sub 1?x}Te{sub x} nanocrystals based on a computational analysis of coupled compositional, structural, and volume relaxation of the nanocrystals that employs Monte Carlo and conjugate-gradient methods according to a first-principles-parameterized description of interatomic interactions. We have determined the equilibrium concentration distribution as a function of nanocrystal size and composition for nanocrystal morphologies that include faceted equilibrium crystal shapes. The results identify the nanoparticle size and composition ranges that allow for self-assembly of core/shell-like nanocrystal structures characterized by a Te-deficient core and a Te-rich shell.
Pandey, Sumeet C.; Mountziaris, T. J.; Venkataraman, Dhandapani; Maroudas, Dimitris
Chameleon effect and the Pioneer anomaly
The possibility that the apparent anomalous acceleration of the Pioneer 10 and 11 spacecraft may be due, at least in part, to a chameleon field effect is examined. A small spacecraft, with no thin shell, can have a more pronounced anomalous acceleration than a large compact body, such as a planet, having a thin shell. The chameleon effect seems to present a natural way to explain the differences seen in deviations from pure Newtonian gravity for a spacecraft and for a planet, and appears to be compatible with the basic features of the Pioneer anomaly, including the appearance of a jerk term. However, estimates of the size of the chameleon effect indicate that its contribution to the anomalous acceleration is negligible. We conclude that any inverse-square component in the anomalous acceleration is more likely caused by an unmodelled reaction force from solar-radiation pressure, rather than a chameleon field effect.
John D. Anderson; J. R. Morris
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report documents a detailed buckling evaluation of the primary tanks in the Hanford double-shell waste tanks (DSTs), which is part of a comprehensive structural review for the Double-Shell Tank Integrity Project. This work also provides information on tank integrity that specifically responds to concerns raised by the Office of Environment, Safety, and Health (ES&H) Oversight (EH-22) during a review of work performed on the double-shell tank farms and the operation of the aging waste facility (AWF) primary tank ventilation system. The current buckling review focuses on the following tasks: (1) Evaluate the potential for progressive I-bolt failure and the appropriateness of the safety factors that were used for evaluating local and global buckling. The analysis will specifically answer the following questions: (a) Can the EH-22 scenario develop if the vacuum is limited to -6.6-inch water gage (w.g.) by a relief valve? (b) What is the appropriate factor of safety required to protect against buckling if the EH-22 scenario can develop? (c) What is the appropriate factor of safety required to protect against buckling if the EH-22 scenario cannot develop? (2) Develop influence functions to estimate the axial stresses in the primary tanks for all reasonable combinations of tank loads, based on detailed finite element analysis. The analysis must account for the variation in design details and operating conditions between the different DSTs. The analysis must also address the imperfection sensitivity of the primary tank to buckling. (3) Perform a detailed buckling analysis to determine the maximum allowable differential pressure for each of the DST primary tanks at the current specified limits on waste temperature, height, and specific gravity. Based on the I-bolt loads analysis and the small deformations that are predicted at the unfactored limits on vacuum and axial loads, it is very unlikely that the EH-22 scenario (i.e., progressive I-bolt failure leading to global buckling of the tank under increased vacuum) could occur.
Simulation of the Bishop Steam Foam Pilot by T.W. Patzek and N.A. h4yhiil, Shell Development Co.
,.. SEW SPE 18786 Simulation of the Bishop Steam Foam Pilot by T.W. Patzek and N.A. h4yhiil, Shell a simple model of steam foam transport and apply it to the Shell Kern River Bishop pilot. The only an incremental 5.5 percent OOIP recovery due to steam foam and additional 3 percent OOIP due to infill wells
Patzek, Tadeusz W.
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
SYSTEMS, LP FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF SYSTEMS, LP FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF PATENT RIGHTS UNDER NREL SUBCONTRACT NO. ZDO-2-30628-06 ENTITLED "PV MANUFACTURING R&D-INTEGRATED CIS THIN-FILM MANUFACTURING INFRASTRUCTURE" UNDER DOE CONTRACT NO. DE- AC36-83CH10093; W(A)-02-039; CH-1116 As set out ins the attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with DOE Patent Counsel, Shell Solar Systems, LP (SSI) has requested an advance waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights for all subject inventions made under the above-identified subcontract by its employees and its subcontractors' employees, regardless of tier, except inventions made by subcontractors eligible to retain title to inventions pursuant to P.L. 98-517, as amended, and National Laboratories. Referring to item 2 of SSI's waiver petition, the purpose of this subcontract
Reaction-in-Flight Neutrons as a Signature for Shell Mixing in NIF capsules
We present analytic calculations and results from computational simulations showing that reaction-in-flight (RIF) neutrons act as a robust indicator for mixing of the ablator shell material into the fuel in DT capsules designed for the National Ignition Facility. The sensitivity of RIF neutrons to hydrodynamical mixing arises through the dependence of RIF production on charged-particle stopping lengths in the mixture of DT fuel and ablator material. Since the stopping power in the plasma is a sensitive function of the electron temperature and density, it is also sensitive to mix. RIF production scales approximately inversely with the degree of mixing taking place, and the ratio of RIF to downscattered neutrons provides a measure of the mix fraction and/or the mixing length. For sufficiently high-yield capsules, where spatially resolved RIF images may be possible, neutron imaging could be used to map RIF images into detailed mix images.
A. C. Hayes; P. A. Bradley; G. P. Grim; Gerard Jungman; J. B. Wilhelmy
To improve the understanding of the single-shell tanks integrity, Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, the USDOE Hanford Site tank contractor, developed an enhanced Single-Shell Tank (SST) Integrity Project in 2009. An expert panel on SST integrity, consisting of various subject matters experts in industry and academia, was created to provide recommendations supporting the development of the project. This panel developed 33 recommendations in four main areas of interest: structural integrity, liner degradation, leak integrity and prevention, and mitigation of contamination migration, Seventeen of these recommendations were used to develop the basis for the M-45-10-1 Change Package for the Hanford Federal Agreement and Compliance Order, which is also known as the Tri-Party Agreement. The change package identified two phases of work for SST integrity. The initial phase has been focused on efforts to envelope the integrity of the tanks. The initial phase was divided into two primary areas of investigation: structural integrity and leak integrity. If necessary based on the outcome from the initial work, a second phase would be focused on further definition of the integrity of the concrete and liners. Combined these two phases are designed to support the formal integrity assessment of the Hanford SSTs in 2018 by Independent Qualified Registered Engineer. The work to further define the DOE's understanding of the structural integrity SSTs involves preparing a modern Analysis of Record using a finite element analysis program. Structural analyses of the SSTs have been conducted since 1957, but these analyses used analog calculation, less rigorous models, or focused on individual structures. As such, an integrated understanding of all of the SSTs has not been developed to modern expectations. In support of this effort, other milestones will address the visual inspection of the tank concrete and the collection of concrete core samples from the tanks for analysis of current mechanics properties. The work on the liner leak integrity has examined the leaks from 23 tanks with liner failures. Individual leak assessments are being developed for each tank to identify the leak cause and location. Also a common cause study is being performed to take the data from individual tanks to look for trends in the failure. Supporting this work is an assessment of the leak rate from tanks at both Hanford and the Savannah River Site and a new method to locate leak sites in tank liner using ionic conductivity. A separate activity is being conducted to examine the propensity for corrosion in select single shell tanks with aggressive waste layers. The work for these two main efforts will provide the basis for the phase two planning. If the margins identified aren't sufficient to ensure the integrity through the life of the mission, phase two would focus on activities to further enhance the understanding of tank integrity. Also coincident with any phase-two work would be the integrity analysis for the tanks, which would be complete in 2018. With delays in the completion of waste treatment facilities at Hanford, greater reliance on safe, continued storage of waste in the single shell tanks is increased in importance. The goal of integrity assessment would provide basis to continue SST activities till the end of the treatment mission.
GaN/Fe core/shell nanowires for nonvolatile spintronics on Si
We explore the relationship between the structural and magnetic properties of GaN/Fe core/shell nanowires grown epitaxially on Si substrates. The magnetic properties are consistent with the coexistence of two magnetic contributions: a ferromagnetic response from the single-crystalline Fe particles formed at the nanowire tips, and a superparamagnetic response originating from the granular Fe clusters grown on the nanowire sidewalls, giving them a corncob-like morphology. We show that our interpretation of the origin of the magnetic behavior can be confirmed by the viscous decay of magnetic remanence in the nanowires. Ferromagnetic remanence is observed both parallel and perpendicular to the nanowire axis, making such structures appealing as high-density nonvolatile spintronic components on Si.
Gao Cunxu; Farshchi, Rouin; Roder, Claudia; Dogan, Pinar; Brandt, Oliver [Paul-Drude-Institut fuer Festkoerperelektronik, Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin (Germany)
The potential environmental impact of the energy and material resources expended in site preparation, construction, operation, maintenance, and abandonment of all phases of the Northern California Power Association--Shell Geothermal Project in The Geysers--Calistoga Known Geothermal Resource Area is described. The impact of well field development, operation, and abandonment is insignificant, with the possible exception of geothermal resource depletion due to steam withdrawal from supply wells during operation. The amount of resource renewal that may be possible through reinjection is unknown because of uncertainties in the exact amount of heat available in the steam supply field. Material resources to be used in construction, operation, and abandonment of the power plant and transmission lines are described. Proposed measures to mitigate the environmental impacts from the use of these resources are included. Electric power supply and demand forecasts to the year 2005 are described for the area served by the NCPA.
Hall, C.H.; Ricker, Y.E.
Analysis of Induced Gas Releases During Retrieval of Hanford Double-Shell Tank Waste
Checklist for Technical Peer Review for PNNL-13782 Rev. 1 as requested to ensure that software used to support the DSA is compliant with software QA requirements. Radioactive waste is scheduled to be retrieved from Hanford double-shell tanks AN-103, AN-104, AN-105 and AW-101 and transferred to the vitrification plant beginning in about 2009. Retrieval may involve decanting the supernatant liquid and/or mixing the waste with jet pumps. In these four tanks, which contain relatively large volumes of retained gas, both operations are expected to induce buoyant displacement gas releases that can potentially raise the tank headspace hydrogen concentration to a level very near the lower flammability limit. This report describes the theory and detailed physical models for both the supernatant decant and jet mixing processes and presents the results from applying the models to these operations in the four tanks. The technical bases for input parameter distributions are elucidated.
Wells, Beric E.
Analysis of Induced Gas Released During Retrieval of Hanford Double-Shell Tank Waste
Radioactive waste is scheduled to be retrieved from Hanford double-shell tanks AN-103, AN-104, AN-105 and AW-101 to the vitrification plant beginning about 2009. Retrieval may involve decanting the supernatant liquid and/or mixing the waste with jet pumps. In these four tanks, which contain relatively large volumes of retained gas, both of these operations are expected to induce buoyant displacement gas releases that can potentially raise the tank headspace hydrogen concentration to very near the lower flammability limit. This report describes the theory and detailed physical models for both the supernate decant and jet mixing processes and presents the results from applying the models to these operations in the four tanks. The technical bases for input parameter distributions are elucidated.
Wells, Beric E. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Cuta, Judith M. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Hartley, Stacey A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Mahoney, Lenna A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Meyer, Perry A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Stewart, Charles W. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
Analysis of Induced Gas Releases During Retrieval of Hanford Double-Shell Tank Waste
Radioactive waste is scheduled to be retrieved from Hanford double-shell tanks AN-103, AN-104, AN-105, and AW-101 to the vitrification plant beginning about 2009. Retrieval may involve decanting the supernatant liquid and/or mixing the waste with jet pumps. In these four tanks, which contain relatively large volumes of retained gas, both of these operations are expected to induce buoyant displacement gas releases that can potentially raise the tank headspace hydrogen concentration to very near the lower flammability limit. This report describes the theory and detailed physical models for both the supernatant decant and jet mixing processes and presents the results from applying the models to these operations in the four tanks. The technical bases for input parameter distributions are elucidated.
Wells, Beric E. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Cuta, Judith M. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Hartley, Stacey A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Mahoney, Lenna A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Meyer, Perry A. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Stewart, Charles W. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
This document reports the results of testing four different flowmeters for use in the primary exhaust ventilation ducts of Double Shell Tanks on the hydrogen watch list that do not already have this capability. This currently includes tanks 241-AW-101,241-AN- 103, 241-AN-104, 241-AN-105 and 241-SY-103. The anticipated airflow velocity in these tanks range from 0.25 m/s(50 ft/min) to 1/78 m/s (350 ft/min). Past experiences at Hanford have forced the evaluation and selection of instruments to be used at the low flow and relatively high humidity conditions found in these tanks. Based on the results of this test, a flow meter has been chosen for installation in the primary exhaust ventilation ducts of the above mentioned waste tanks.
Willingham, W.E., Westinghouse Hanford
Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-C-109
One of the major functions of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) is to characterize wastes in support of waste management and disposal activities at the Hanford Site. Analytical data from sampling and analysis, along with other available information about a tank, are compiled and maintained in a tank characterization report (TCR). This report and its appendices serve as the TCR for single-shell tank 241-C-109. The objectives of this report are: (1) to use characterization data in response to technical issues associated with tank 241 C-109 waste; and (2) to provide a standard characterization of this waste in terms of a best-basis inventory estimate. The response to technical issues is summarized in Section 2.0, and the best-basis inventory estimate is presented in Section 3.0. Recommendations regarding safety status and additional sampling needs are provided in Section 4.0. Supporting data and information are contained in the appendices.
Simpson, B.C.
Tank characterization report for single-shell tank 241-BY-107
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
One major function of the Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) is to characterize wastes in support of waste management and disposal activities at the Hanford Site. Analytical data from sampling and analysis and other information about a tank are compiled and maintained in a tank characterization report (TCR). This report and its appendices serve as the TCR for single-shell tank 241-BY-107. The objectives of this report are (1) to use characterization data in response to technical issues associated with 241-BY-107 waste, and (2) to provide a standard characterization of this waste in terms of a best-basis inventory estimate. Section 2.0 summarizes the response to technical issues, Section 3.0 provides the best-basis inventory estimate, and Section 4.0 makes recommendations about the safety status and additional sampling needs. The appendices contain supporting data and information.
Mccain, D.J.
Data Observations on Double Shell Tank (DST) Flammable Gas Watch List Tank Behavior
This report provides the data from the retained gas sampler, void fraction instrument, ball rheometer, standard hydrogen monitoring system, and other tank data pertinent to gas retention and release behavior in the waste stored in double-shelled Flammable Gas Watch List tanks at Hanford. These include tanks 241-AN-103,241-AN-104, 241-AN-105, 241-AW-101, 241-SY-101, and 241-SY-103. The tanks and the waste they contain are described in terms of fill history and chemistry. The results of mixer pump operation and recent waste transfers and back-dilution in SY-101 are also described. In-situ measurement and monitoring systems are described and the data are summarized under the categories of thermal behavior, waste configuration and properties, gas generation and composition, gas retention and historical gas release behavior.
Inner-Shell Photon-Ionized X-Ray Laser at 45(Angstrom)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report summarizes the major accomplishments of this three-year Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Lab Wide (LW) project entitled, ''An Inner-Shell Photo-Ionized X-Ray Laser at 45 {angstrom}'', tracking code 99-LW-042. The most significant accomplishments of this project include the design of a suitable x-ray laser target, the invention of a measurement technique for the determination of rise times of x-ray pulses on the order of 50 femtoseconds, and a novel setup for generating a traveling wave with an ultrashort optical laser pulse. The pump probe technique for rise time measurement will allow us to detect ultrashort x-ray pulses, whose generation by means of a variety of 4th generation light sources is currently under planning elsewhere.