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Global ice cloud observations: radiative properties and statistics from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer measurements
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Ice clouds occur quite frequently, yet so much about these clouds is unknown. In recent years, numerous investigations and field campaigns have been focused on the study of ice clouds, all with the ultimate goal of gaining a better understanding of microphysical and optical properties, as well as determining the radiative impact. Perhaps one of the most recognized instruments used for such research is the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), carried aboard the NASA EOS satellites Terra and Aqua. The present research aims to support ongoing efforts in the field of ice cloud research by use of observations obtained from Terra and Aqua MODIS. First, a technique is developed to infer ice cloud optical depth from the MODIS cirrus reflectance parameter. This technique is based on a previous method developed by Meyer et al. (2004). The applicability of the algorithm is demonstrated with retrievals from level-2 and -3 MODIS data. The technique is also evaluated with the operational MODIS cloud retrieval product and a method based on airborne ice cloud observations. From this technique, an archive of daily optical depth retrievals is constructed. Using simple statistics, the global spatial and temporal distributions of ice clouds are determined. Research has found that Aqua MODIS observes more frequent ice clouds and larger optical depths and ice water paths than does Terra MODIS. Finally, an analysis of the time series of daily optical depth values revealed that ice clouds at high latitudes, which are most likely associated with synoptic scale weather sytems, persist long enough to move with the upper level winds. Tropical ice clouds, however, dissipate more rapidly, and are in all likelihood associated with deep convective cells.
Meyer, Kerry Glynne
The Image Navigation Cloud Mask for the Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The authors have developed a cloud mask technique that may be applied to the efficient selection of �clear enough� scenes for image navigation. While the mask can be applied generally, the motivation for its development comes from its intended ...
Larry Di Girolamo; Roger Davies
A Decade of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer: Is a Solar�Cloud Link Detectable?
Based on the results of decadal correlation studies between the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project�detected cloud anomalies and the galactic cosmic ray (GCR) flux, it has been suggested that a relationship exists between solar ...
Benjamin Laken; Enric Pall�; Hiroko Miyahara
3-Dimensional Imaging At Nanometer Resolutions
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Information Technology & Communications 3-Dimensional Imaging At Nanometer Resolutions 3-Dimensional Imaging At Nanometer Resolutions An apparatus and method for enabling...
3-Dimensional Imaging At Nanometer Resolutions 3-Dimensional Imaging At Nanometer Resolutions 3-Dimensional Imaging At Nanometer Resolutions An apparatus and method for enabling precise, 3-dimensional, photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM). Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email 3-Dimensional Imaging At Nanometer Resolutions An apparatus and method for enabling precise, 3-dimensional, photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) using selective, two-photon activation of fluorophores in a single z-slice of a sample in cooperation with time-gated imaging for reducing the background radiation from other image planes to levels suitable for single-molecule detection and spatial location, are described. U.S. Patent No.: 7,675,045 (DOE S-112,966) Patent Application Filing Date: October 9, 2008
Lighting Research Group: Facilities: Spectro-Radiometer
Spectro-Radiometer Spectro-Radiometer Spectro-Radiometer spectro-radiometer Gonio-photometer | Integrating sphere | Power analyzer | Spectro-radiometer The spectro-radiometer is used to measure the light output of a light source at each wavelength. The part that looks like a video camera (to the far right in the picture) can look at each wavelength separately. The spectro-radiometer can also be used as a standard light meter and measure all visible wavelengths at once to obtain the total light output of a source. The console portion of the spectro-radiometer is used to display the meter readings and also to adjust measurement settings like the sensitivity. The computer is interfaced with the spectro-radiometer and is used to send commands to the machine and receive, store, and analyze the data.
Retrieval of Cloud Phase Using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Data during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment
SciTech Connect
Improving climate model predictions over Earth's polar regions requires a comprehensive knowledge of polar cloud microphysics. Over the Arctic, there is minimal contrast between the clouds and background snow surface, making it difficult to detect clouds and retrieve their phase from space. Snow and ice cover, temperature inversions, and the predominance of mixed-phase clouds make it even more difficult to determine cloud phase. Also, since determining cloud phase is the first step toward analyzing cloud optical depth, particle size, and water content, it is vital that the phase be correct in order to obtain accurate microphysical and bulk properties. Changes in these cloud properties will, in turn, affect the Arctic climate since clouds are expected to play a critical role in the sea ice albedo feedback. In this paper, the IR trispectral technique (IRTST) is used as a starting point for a WV and 11-{micro}m brightness temperature (T11) parameterization (WVT11P) of cloud phase using MODIS data. In addition to its ability to detect mixed-phase clouds, the WVT11P also has the capability to identify thin cirrus clouds overlying mixed or liquid phase clouds (multiphase ice). Results from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) MODIS phase model (AMPHM) are compared to the surface-based cloud phase retrievals over the ARM North Slope of Alaska (NSA) Barrow site and to in-situ data taken from University of North Dakota Citation (CIT) aircraft which flew during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE). It will be shown that the IRTST and WVT11P combined to form the AMPHM can achieve a relative high accuracy of phase discrimination compared to the surface-based retrievals. Since it only uses MODIS WV and IR channels, the AMPHM is robust in the sense that it can be applied to daytime, twilight, and nighttime scenes with no discontinuities in the output phase.
Spangenberg, D.; Minnis, P.; Shupe, M.; Uttal, T.; Poellot, M.
Principal Component Image Analysis of MODIS for Volcanic Ash. Part II: Simulation of Current GOES and GOES-M Imagers
In Part I of this paper the infrared bands of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were analyzed using principal component image analysis for volcanic ash signals. The analyses performed determined that several of the thermal ...
Donald W. Hillger; James D. Clark
Principal Component Image Analysis of MODIS for Volcanic Ash. Part I: Most Important Bands and Implications for Future GOES Imagers
In Part I of this paper, the infrared bands of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) are analyzed for volcanic ash signals using principal component image analysis. Target volcanoes included Popocatepetl volcano near Mexico ...
Apparent display resolution enhancement for moving images
Limited spatial resolution of current displays makes the depiction of very fine spatial details difficult. This work proposes a novel method applied to moving images that takes into account the human visual system and leads to an improved perception ... Keywords: eye tracking, image reconstruction, perception
Piotr Didyk; Elmar Eisemann; Tobias Ritschel; Karol Myszkowski; Hans-Peter Seidel
High-Spatial-Resolution Surface and Cloud-Type Classification from MODIS Multispectral Band Measurements
A method for automated classification of surface and cloud types using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) radiance measurements has been developed. The MODIS cloud mask is used to define the training sets. Surface and cloud-...
Jun Li; W. Paul Menzel; Zhongdong Yang; Richard A. Frey; Steven A. Ackerman
Global Percent Tree Cover at a Spatial Resolution of 500 Meters: First Results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Algorithm
The first results of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation continuous field algorithm's global percent tree cover are presented. Percent tree cover per 500-m MODIS pixel is estimated using a supervised regression ...
M. C. Hansen; R. S. DeFries; J. R. G. Townshend; M. Carroll; C. Dimiceli; R. A. Sohlberg
Heuristic optimization in penumbral image for high resolution reconstructed image
Penumbral imaging is a technique which uses the fact that spatial information can be recovered from the shadow or penumbra that an unknown source casts through a simple large circular aperture. The size of the penumbral image on the detector can be mathematically determined as its aperture size, object size, and magnification. Conventional reconstruction methods are very sensitive to noise. On the other hand, the heuristic reconstruction method is very tolerant of noise. However, the aperture size influences the accuracy and resolution of the reconstructed image. In this article, we propose the optimization of the aperture size for the neutron penumbral imaging.
Azuma, R.; Nozaki, S. [Transdisciplinary Research Organization for Subtropics and Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213 (Japan); Fujioka, S. [Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871 (Japan); Chen, Y. W. [College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Shiga 525-8577 (Japan); Namihira, Y. [Faculty of Engineering, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213 (Japan)
Minimally invasive diagnostic imaging using high resolution Optical Coherence Tomography
Advances in medical imaging have given researchers unprecedented capabilities to visualize, characterize and understand biological systems. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a high speed, high resolution imaging technique ...
Herz, Paul Richard, 1972-
Direct super-resolution and registration using raw CFA images
Super-resolution has been applied mainly to grayscale images, but producing a high-resolution color image using a single CCD sensor has not been investigated in detail until recently. This work aims at producing a high-resolution color image directly ...
Tomomasa Gotoh; Masatoshi Okutomi
Ultra-high resolution computed tomography imaging
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A method for ultra-high resolution computed tomography imaging, comprising the steps of: focusing a high energy particle beam, for example x-rays or gamma-rays, onto a target object; acquiring a 2-dimensional projection data set representative of the target object; generating a corrected projection data set by applying a deconvolution algorithm, having an experimentally determined a transfer function, to the 2-dimensional data set; storing the corrected projection data set; incrementally rotating the target object through an angle of approximately 180.degree., and after each the incremental rotation, repeating the radiating, acquiring, generating and storing steps; and, after the rotating step, applying a cone-beam algorithm, for example a modified tomographic reconstruction algorithm, to the corrected projection data sets to generate a 3-dimensional image. The size of the spot focus of the beam is reduced to not greater than approximately 1 micron, and even to not greater than approximately 0.5 microns.
Paulus, Michael J. (Knoxville, TN); Sari-Sarraf, Hamed (Knoxville, TN); Tobin, Jr., Kenneth William (Harriman, TN); Gleason, Shaun S. (Knoxville, TN); Thomas, Jr., Clarence E. (Knoxville, TN)
Molecular image resolution in electron microscopy
In order to determine the ultimate molecular resolution attainable with a conventional electron microscope
Natsu Uyeda; Takashi Kobayashi; Eiji Suito; Yoshiyasu Harada
Technologies Provide High-Resolution Subsurface Imaging of Vadose Zone
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Technologies Provide High-Resolution Subsurface Imaging of Vadose Technologies Provide High-Resolution Subsurface Imaging of Vadose Zone Contamination at Hanford Site Technologies Provide High-Resolution Subsurface Imaging of Vadose Zone Contamination at Hanford Site May 17, 2012 - 12:00pm Addthis Shown here are high-resolution, three-dimensional ERT images of contaminant distribution Shown here are high-resolution, three-dimensional ERT images of contaminant distribution RICHLAND, Wash. - Cold War waste disposal practices resulted in both planned and unplanned releases of large amounts of radionuclide and heavy metal contamination into the subsurface throughout the DOE complex. Characterizing the distribution of the resulting environmental contamination remains one of the single most significant challenges limiting subsurface remediation and closure, particularly for the
Shortwave Infrared Spectroradiometer for Atmospheric Transmittance Measurements
The use of a shortwave infrared (SWIR) spectroradiometer as a solar radiometer is presented. The radiometer collects 1024 channels of data over the spectral range of 1.1�2.5 ?m. The system was tested by applying the Langley method to data ...
M. Sicard; K. J. Thome; B. G. Crowther; M. W. Smith
High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Web Site: High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment Author University of Arizona Published Publisher Not Provided, 2007 DOI Not Provided Check for DOI availability: http://crossref.org Online Internet link for High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment Citation University of Arizona. High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment [Internet]. 2007. [cited 2013/09/27]. Available from: http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/HiBlog/tag/wavelength/ Retrieved from
Imaging Lithium Atoms at Sub-Angstrom Resolution
110] orientation for LiCoO 2 without lithium atoms ( upper)and with lithium atoms (lower). Images are simulated at 0.9�Horn LBNL-56646 resolution of lithium ions in LiCoO 2 . Fall
O'Keefe, Michael A.; Shao-Horn, Yang
High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults,...
Number 02-384 DOI Not Provided Check for DOI availability: http:crossref.org Online Internet link for High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults, Dixie Valley...
3-dimensional imaging at nanometer resolutions
An apparatus and method for enabling precise, 3-dimensional, photoactivation localization microscopy (PALM) using selective, two-photon activation of fluorophores in a single z-slice of a sample in cooperation with time-gated imaging for reducing the background radiation from other image planes to levels suitable for single-molecule detection and spatial location, are described.
Werner, James H. (Los Alamos, NM); Goodwin, Peter M. (Los Alamos, NM); Shreve, Andrew P. (Santa Fe, NM)
High-resolution Urban Image Classification Using Extended Features
High-resolution image classification poses several challenges because the typical object size is much larger than the pixel resolution. Any given pixel (spectral features at that location) by itself is not a good indicator of the object it belongs to without looking at the broader spatial footprint. Therefore most modern machine learning approaches that are based on per-pixel spectral features are not very effective in high- resolution urban image classification. One way to overcome this problem is to extract features that exploit spatial contextual information. In this study, we evaluated several features in- cluding edge density, texture, and morphology. Several machine learning schemes were tested on the features extracted from a very high-resolution remote sensing image and results were presented.
Vatsavai, Raju [ORNL
Compact and mobile high resolution PET brain imager
A brain imager includes a compact ring-like static PET imager mounted in a helmet-like structure. When attached to a patient's head, the helmet-like brain imager maintains the relative head-to-imager geometry fixed through the whole imaging procedure. The brain imaging helmet contains radiation sensors and minimal front-end electronics. A flexible mechanical suspension/harness system supports the weight of the helmet thereby allowing for patient to have limited movements of the head during imaging scans. The compact ring-like PET imager enables very high resolution imaging of neurological brain functions, cancer, and effects of trauma using a rather simple mobile scanner with limited space needs for use and storage.
Majewski, Stanislaw (Yorktown, VA); Proffitt, James (Newport News, VA)
Car Detection in Low Resolution Aerial Images
We present a system to detect passenger cars in aerial images wherecars appear as small objects. We pose this as a 3D object recognition problem to account for the variation in viewpoint and the shadow. We startedfrom psychological tests to find important features for human detection of cars. Based on these observations, we selected the boundary of the car body, the boundary of the front windshield, and the shadow as the features. Some of these features are affected by the intensity of the car and whether or not there is a shadow along it. This information is represented in the structure of the Bayesian network that we use to integrate all features. Experiments show very promising results even on some very challenging images. 1
Tao Zhao; Ram Nevatia
An interactive super resolution coding approach of images and videos for enhanced user visualization
In this paper we propose an interactive super resolution coding technique to enhance user's visualization of received low resolution (LR) images. The proposed technique hides/embeds high frequencies and edges in the LR image, and constructs a high resolution ...
Gamal Fahmy
Spatial resolution of a ?PIC-based neutron imaging detector
We present a detailed study of the spatial resolution of our time-resolved neutron imaging detector utilizing a new neutron position reconstruction method that improves both spatial resolution and event reconstruction efficiency. Our prototype detector system, employing a micro-pattern gaseous detector known as the micro-pixel chamber ({\\mu}PIC) coupled with a field-programmable-gate-array-based data acquisition system, combines 100{\\mu}m-level spatial and sub-{\\mu}s time resolutions with excellent gamma rejection and high data rates, making it well suited for applications in neutron radiography at high-intensity, pulsed neutron sources. From data taken at the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility within the Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC), the spatial resolution was found to be approximately Gaussian with a sigma of 103.48 +/- 0.77 {\\mu}m (after correcting for beam divergence). This is a significant improvement over that achievable with our previous reconstruction method (334 +/- 13 {\\mu}m), and compares well with conventional neutron imaging detectors and with other high-rate detectors currently under development. Further, a detector simulation indicates that a spatial resolution of less than 60 {\\mu}m may be possible with optimization of the gas characteristics and {\\mu}PIC structure. We also present an example of imaging combined with neutron resonance absorption spectroscopy.
Joseph D. Parker; Masahide Harada; Kaori Hattori; Satoru Iwaki; Shigeto Kabuki; Yuji Kishimoto; Hidetoshi Kubo; Shunsuke Kurosawa; Yoshihiro Matsuoka; Kentaro Miuchi; Tetsuya Mizumoto; Hironobu Nishimura; Takayuki Oku; Tatsuya Sawano; Takenao Shinohara; Jun-ichi Suzuki; Atsushi Takada; Toru Tanimori; Kazuki Ueno
Atomic Resolution Imaging with a sub-50 pm Electron Probe
Using a highly coherent focused electron probe in a 5th order aberration-corrected transmission electron microscope, we report on resolving a crystal spacing less than 50 pm. Based on the geometrical source size and residual coherent and incoherent axial lens aberrations, an electron probe is calculated, which is theoretically capable of resolving an ideal 47 pm spacing with 29percent contrast. Our experimental data show the 47 pm spacing of a Ge 114 crystal imaged with 11-18percent contrast at a 60-95percent confidence level, providing the first direct evidence for sub 50-pm resolution in ADF STEM imaging.
Erni, Rolf P.; Rossell, Marta D.; Kisielowski, Christian; Dahmen, Ulrich
A high-resolution two-dimensional imaging velocimeter
Velocity interferometers are typically used to measure velocities of surfaces at a single point or along an imaged line as a function of time. We describe an optical arrangement that enables high-resolution measurements of the two-dimensional velocity field across a shock front or shocked interface. The technique is employed to measure microscopic fluctuations in shock fronts that have passed through materials being considered as ablators for indirect-drive inertial confinement fusion. With picosecond time resolution the instrument captures velocity modes with wavelengths as short as 2.5 {mu}m at a resolution of {approx}10 m/s rms on velocity fields averaging many km/s over an 800 {mu}m field of view.
Celliers, P. M.; Erskine, D. J.; Sorce, C. M.; Braun, D. G.; Landen, O. L.; Collins, G. W. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551 (United States)
Implementation and optimization of a new super-resolution technique in PET imaging
Super-Resolution (SR) techniques are used in PET imaging to generate a high-resolution image by combining multiple low-resolution images that have been acquired from different points of view (POV). In this paper, we propose a new implementation of the ...
Guoping Chang; Tinsu Pan; John W. Clark; Osama R. Mawlawi
Atomic Resolution Coherent Diffractive Imaging and Ultrafast Science
A major scientific challenge is determining the 3-D atomic structure of small nanostructures, including single molecules. Coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) is a promising approach. Recent progress has demonstrated coherent diffraction patterns can be recorded from individual nanostructures and phased to reconstruct their structure. However, overcoming the dose limit imposed by radiation damage is a major obstacle toward the full potential of CDI. One approach is to use ultrafast x-ray or electron pulses. In electron diffraction, amplitudes recorded in a diffraction pattern are unperturbed by lens aberrations, defocus, and other microscope resolution-limiting factors. Sub-A signals are available beyond the information limit of direct imaging. Significant contrast improvement is obtained compared to high-resolution electron micrographs. progress has also been made in developing time-resolved electron diffraction and imaging for the study of ultrafast dynamic processes in materials. This talk will cover these crosscutting issues and the convergence of electron and x-ray diffraction techniques toward structure determination of single molecules.
Zuo, Jian-min [University of Illinois
Collimator application for microchannel plate image intensifier resolution improvement
A collimator is included in a microchannel plate image intensifier (MCPI). Collimators can be useful in improving resolution of MCPIs by eliminating the scattered electron problem and by limiting the transverse energy of electrons reaching the screen. Due to its optical absorption, a collimator will also increase the extinction ratio of an intensifier by approximately an order of magnitude. Additionally, the smooth surface of the collimator will permit a higher focusing field to be employed in the MCP-to-collimator region than is currently permitted in the MCP-to-screen region by the relatively rough and fragile aluminum layer covering the screen. Coating the MCP and collimator surfaces with aluminum oxide appears to permit additional significant increases in the field strength, resulting in better resolution.
Thomas, Stanley W. (Livermore, CA)
A collimator is included in a microchannel plate image intensifier (MCPI). Collimators can be useful in improving resolution of MCPIs by eliminating the scattered electron problem and by limiting the transverse energy of electrons reaching the screen. Due to its optical absorption, a collimator will also increase the extinction ratio of an intensifier by approximately an order of magnitude. Additionally, the smooth surface of the collimator will permit a higher focusing field to be employed in the MCP-to-collimator region than is currently permitted in the MCP-to-screen region by the relatively rough and fragile aluminum layer covering the screen. Coating the MCP and collimator surfaces with aluminum oxide appears to permit additional significant increases in the field strength, resulting in better resolution. 2 figs.
Thomas, S.W.
A CCD Spectroradiometer for Ultraviolet Actinic Radiation Measurements
A new spectroradiometer for spectral measurements of ultraviolet (UV) atmospheric radiation (290�400 nm) using a charge coupled device (CCD) as a detector is introduced. The instrument development is motivated by the need for measurements with (a)...
Evelyn J�kel; Manfred Wendisch; Mario Blumthaler; Rainer Schmitt; Ann R. Webb
A Device for Protecting Moored Spectroradiometers from Biofouling
A shutter mechanism for reducing the effects of biofouling on bio-optical instruments deployed on oceanographic moorings has been designed, built, and tested. The initial development was carried out on a spectroradiometer. The optics of the ...
Francisco P. Chavez; Dave Wright; Robert Herlien; Michael Kelley; Farley Shane; Peter G. Strutton
Super-resolution in medical imaging: an illustrative approach through ultrasound
The requirements for better resolution in all medical imaging modalities currently represent a very important and open challenge. Accurate measurement and visualization of structure in living tissues is intrinsically limited by the imaging system features. ... Keywords: AR model, medical imaging, multidimensional, super-resolution, ultrasound
D. Kouam�; M. Ploquin
Optimization in multi-scale segmentation of high-resolution satellite images for artificial feature recognition
Multi-resolution segmentation, as one of the most popular approaches in object-oriented image segmentation, has been greatly enabled by the advent of the commercial software, eCognition. However, the application of multi-resolution segmentation still ...
J. Tian; D. -M. Chen
Multi-resolution system for artifact removal and edge enhancement in computerized tomography images
The aim of image enhancement means adopting some technical method, which includes algorithm, to stand out the interested characteristics of the image and to restrain some useless characteristics of the image. The image, which has been improved, can satisfy ... Keywords: Edge enhancement, Industrial CT images, Multi-resolution techniques
S. Arivazhagan; S. Deivalakshmi; K. Kannan; B. N. Gajbhiye; C. Muralidhar; Sijo N. Lukose; M. P. Subramanian
Virtually distortion-free imaging system for large field, high resolution lithography
Virtually distortion free large field high resolution imaging is performed using an imaging system which contains large field distortion or field curvature. A reticle is imaged in one direction through the optical system to form an encoded mask. The encoded mask is then imaged back through the imaging system onto a wafer positioned at the reticle position.
Hawryluk, Andrew M. (Modesto, CA); Ceglio, Natale M. (Livermore, CA)
High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults, Dixie Valley
Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults, Dixie Valley Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults, Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, Nevada Jump to: navigation, search OpenEI Reference LibraryAdd to library Report: High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults, Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, Nevada Abstract N/A Author V. J. S. Grauch Published U.S. Geological Survey, 2002 Report Number 02-384 DOI Not Provided Check for DOI availability: http://crossref.org Online Internet link for High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults, Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, Nevada Citation V. J. S. Grauch. 2002. High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey to Image Shallow Faults, Dixie Valley Geothermal Field, Nevada. (!) : U.S. Geological Survey. Report No.: 02-384. Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=High-Resolution_Aeromagnetic_Survey_to_Image_Shallow_Faults,_Dixie_Valley_Geothermal_Field,_Nevada&oldid=682601"
An Improved High-Resolution Processing Method for a Frequency Domain Interferometric Imaging (FII) Technique
Frequency hopping [also recently called range imaging (RIM) or frequency domain interferometric imaging (FII)] is a pulse compression technique used to improve the range resolution ?r of Doppler radars limited by their minimum transmitted pulse ...
Lydi Sma; Hubert Luce; Michel Crochet; Shoichiro Fukao
SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE HUMAN CONNECTOME: 4-TESLA HIGH ANGULAR RESOLUTION DIFFUSION IMAGING (HARDI diffusion imaging at 4 Tesla, we scanned 234 young adult twins and siblings (mean age: 23.4 ± 2.0 SD years
Thompson, Paul
Dedicated mobile high resolution prostate PET imager with an insertable transrectal probe
A dedicated mobile PET imaging system to image the prostate and surrounding organs. The imaging system includes an outside high resolution PET imager placed close to the patient's torso and an insertable and compact transrectal probe that is placed in close proximity to the prostate and operates in conjunction with the outside imager. The two detector systems are spatially co-registered to each other. The outside imager is mounted on an open rotating gantry to provide torso-wide 3D images of the prostate and surrounding tissue and organs. The insertable probe provides closer imaging, high sensitivity, and very high resolution predominately 2D view of the prostate and immediate surroundings. The probe is operated in conjunction with the outside imager and a fast data acquisition system to provide very high resolution reconstruction of the prostate and surrounding tissue and organs.
Mapping Burned Areas in a Mediterranean Environment Using Soft Integration of Spectral Indices from High-Resolution Satellite Images
This article presents a new method for burned area mapping using high-resolution satellite images in the Mediterranean ecosystem. In such a complex environment, high-resolution satellite images represent an appropriate data source for identifying ...
Mirco Boschetti; Daniela Stroppiana; Pietro Alessandro Brivio
Cellular delivery and site-specific targeting of organic fluorophores for super-resolution imaging in living cells
Recent advances in super-resolution fluorescence microscopy have pushed the spatial resolution of biological imaging down to a few nanometers. The key element to the development of such imaging modality is synthetic organic ...
Uttamapinant, Chayasith
D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for
Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization The characterization of complex and/or hazardous facilities for the purposes of planning D&D projects can be excessively time consuming and present unacceptable hazards for personnel who enter or access the facility. D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization More Documents & Publications Above on the left is K-25, at Oak Ridge before and after the 844,000 sq-ft demolition. In addition, on the right: K Cooling Tower at Savannah River Site demolition. Deactivation & Decommissioning (D&D) Program Map DOE EM Project Experience & Lessons Learned for In Situ Decommissioning
A bayesian approach for building detection in densely build-up high resolution satellite image
In this paper, we present a novel automatic approach for building detection from high resolution satellite image with densely build-up buildings. Unlike the previous approaches which normally start with lines and junctions, our approach is based on regions. ...
Zongying Song; Chunhong Pan; Q. Yang
D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization The characterization of complex and/or hazardous facilities for the purposes of planning D&D projects can be excessively time consuming and present unacceptable hazards for personnel who enter or access the facility. D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization More Documents & Publications D&D Toolbox Project - Technology Demonstration of Fixatives Applied to Hot Cell Facilities via Remote Sprayer Platforms Above on the left is K-25, at Oak Ridge before and after the 844,000 sq-ft demolition. In addition, on the right: K Cooling Tower at Savannah River Site demolition.
Perfusion-Based High-Resolution Functional Imaging in the Human Brain at 7 Tesla
Perfusion-Based High-Resolution Functional Imaging in the Human Brain at 7 Tesla Josef Pfeuffer smaller voxel size than previously reported in humans. High-resolution CBF maps were obtained with voxel sizes as small as 0.9 0.9 1.5 mm3 in the human brain. High sensitivity was made possible by signal
the difference between the current densities calculated based on the potential and the magnetic field Resonance Current Density Imaging (MRCDI) has been proposed to image current density and magnetic flux the current density at dc and RF frequency (Scoot et al 1995). Using MRCDI, the magnetic flux density
Eyüboðlu, Murat
High-resolution retinal imaging using adaptive optics and Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography
This invention permits retinal images to be acquired at high speed and with unprecedented resolution in three dimensions (4.times.4.times.6 .mu.m). The instrument achieves high lateral resolution by using adaptive optics to correct optical aberrations of the human eye in real time. High axial resolution and high speed are made possible by the use of Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography. Using this system, we have demonstrated the ability to image microscopic blood vessels and the cone photoreceptor mosaic.
Olivier, Scot S. (Livermore, CA); Werner, John S. (Davis, CA); Zawadzki, Robert J. (Sacramento, CA); Laut, Sophie P. (Pasedena, CA); Jones, Steven M. (Livermore, CA)
Note: Spatial resolution of Fuji BAS-TR and BAS-SR imaging plates
The spatial resolution of two types of imaging plates, Fuji BAS-TR and Fuji BAS-SR, has been measured using a knife-edge x-ray source of 8-keV Cu K{sub {alpha}} radiation. The values for the spatial resolution, defined as the distance between 10% and 90% levels of the edge spread function, are 94 {mu}m and 109 {mu}m, respectively. The resolution values are important for quantitative analysis of x-ray and particle imaging and spectroscopic diagnostics.
Fiksel, G.; Marshall, F. J.; Mileham, C.; Stoeckl, C. [Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, 250 East River Rd., Rochester, New York 14623-1299 (United States)
Generative Models for Super-Resolution Single Molecule Microscopy Images of Biological Structures
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 3.2 Conventional fluorescence image (A) and STORM reconstruction (B,C) of annular clathrin introduced by Ernst Abbe in 1873. Super-resolution (SR) imaging has led to various important studies the fluorescence of the molecules so that a subset of molecules are emitting at any given time and thus
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Connor Flynn
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, VISible channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
High resolution x-ray and gamma ray imaging using diffraction lenses with mechanically bent crystals
A method for high spatial resolution imaging of a plurality of sources of x-ray and gamma-ray radiation is provided. High quality mechanically bent diffracting crystals of 0.1 mm radial width are used for focusing the radiation and directing the radiation to an array of detectors which is used for analyzing their addition to collect data as to the location of the source of radiation. A computer is used for converting the data to an image. The invention also provides for the use of a multi-component high resolution detector array and for narrow source and detector apertures.
Smither, Robert K. (Hinsdale, IL)
An Automated Platform for High-Resolution Tissue Imaging Using Nanospray Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
An automated platform has been developed for acquisition and visualization of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) data using nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI). The new system enables robust operation of the nano-DESI imaging source over many hours. This is achieved by controlling the distance between the sample and the probe by mounting the sample holder onto an automated XYZ stage and defining the tilt of the sample plane. This approach is useful for imaging of relatively flat samples such as thin tissue sections. Custom software called MSI QuickView was developed for visualization of large data sets generated in imaging experiments. MSI QuickView enables fast visualization of the imaging data during data acquisition and detailed processing after the entire image is acquired. The performance of the system is demonstrated by imaging rat brain tissue sections. High resolution mass analysis combined with MS/MS experiments enabled identification of lipids and metabolites in the tissue section. In addition, high dynamic range and sensitivity of the technique allowed us to generate ion images of low-abundance isobaric lipids. High-spatial resolution image acquired over a small region of the tissue section revealed the spatial distribution of an abundant brain metabolite, creatine, in the white and gray matter that is consistent with the literature data obtained using magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Lanekoff, Ingela T.; Heath, Brandi S.; Liyu, Andrey V.; Thomas, Mathew; Carson, James P.; Laskin, Julia
High spatial resolution X-ray and gamma ray imaging system using diffraction crystals
A method and a device for high spatial resolution imaging of a plurality of sources of x-ray and gamma-ray radiation are provided. The device comprises a plurality of arrays, with each array comprising a plurality of elements comprising a first collimator, a diffracting crystal, a second collimator, and a detector.
Atomic-Resolution Spectroscopic Imaging and In Situ Environmental Study of
Atomic-Resolution Spectroscopic Imaging and In Situ Environmental Study of Atomic-Resolution Spectroscopic Imaging and In Situ Environmental Study of Bimetallic Nanocatalysts by Fast Electrons Thursday, October 24, 2013 - 3:30pm SLAC, Conference Room 137-322 Presented by Huolin Xin Center for Functional Nanomaterials Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) has proven to be a powerful technique to study structural, compositional, and electronic information of materials at the atomic scale. With the recent addition of 3rd-order and now 5th-order aberration correction, the numerical aperture can be opened up by a factor of 2-3, allowing sub-Angstrom resolution to be achieved in a STEM. Additionally, the enlarged numerical aperture couple with the use of
Novel ultrahigh resolution data acquisition and image reconstruction for multi-detector row CT
We present and evaluate a special ultrahigh resolution mode providing considerably enhanced spatial resolution both in the scan plane and in the z-axis direction for a routine medical multi-detector row computed tomography (CT) system. Data acquisition is performed by using a flying focal spot both in the scan plane and in the z-axis direction in combination with tantalum grids that are inserted in front of the multi-row detector to reduce the aperture of the detector elements both in-plane and in the z-axis direction. The dose utilization of the system for standard applications is not affected, since the grids are moved into place only when needed and are removed for standard scanning. By means of this technique, image slices with a nominal section width of 0.4 mm (measured full width at half maximum=0.45 mm) can be reconstructed in spiral mode on a CT system with a detector configuration of 32x0.6 mm. The measured 2% value of the in-plane modulation transfer function (MTF) is 20.4 lp/cm, the measured 2% value of the longitudinal (z axis) MTF is 21.5 lp/cm. In a resolution phantom with metal line pair test patterns, spatial resolution of 20 lp/cm can be demonstrated both in the scan plane and along the z axis. This corresponds to an object size of 0.25 mm that can be resolved. The new mode is intended for ultrahigh resolution bone imaging, in particular for wrists, joints, and inner ear studies, where a higher level of image noise due to the reduced aperture is an acceptable trade-off for the clinical benefit brought about by the improved spatial resolution.
Flohr, T. G.; Stierstorfer, K.; Suess, C.; Schmidt, B.; Primak, A. N.; McCollough, C. H. [Siemens Medical Solutions, Computed Tomography CTE PA Siemensstr. 1, 91301 Forchheim (Germany) and Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universitaet Tuebingen (Germany); Siemens Medical Solutions, Computed Tomography CTE PA Siemensstr. 1, 91301 Forchheim (Germany); Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Rochester, Minnesota (United States)
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, low-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
ARM: Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
Shortwave Array Spectroradiometer-Hemispheric, Near-InfraRed channel, high-sun angles [a0 data is uncalibrated
A high spatial resolution Stokes polarimeter for motional Stark effect imaging
We describe an enhanced temporally switched interfero-polarimeter that has been successfully deployed for high spatial resolution motional Stark effect imaging on the KSTAR superconducting tokamak. The system utilizes dual switching ferroelectric liquid crystal waveplates to image the full Stokes vector of elliptically polarized and Doppler-shifted Stark-Zeeman Balmer-alpha emission from high energy neutral beams injected into the magnetized plasma. We describe the optical system and compare its performance against a Mueller matrix model that takes account of non-ideal performance of the switching ferro-electric liquid crystal waveplates and other polarizing components.
Thorman, Alex; Michael, Clive; Howard, John [Plasma Research Laboratory, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200 (Australia)
The SeaBED AUV � a platform for high resolution imaging
The SeaBED autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a new imaging platform designed for high resolution optical and acoustic sensing. This low cost vehicle has been specifically designed for use in waters upto 2000 meters to carry out video transects, bathymetric and side-scan sonar surveys. In this paper we detail the systems issues associated with navigation, control, and imaging that led us to our particular hardware and software design choices so as to allow us to operate in shallow, shelf and ocean basin environments. I.
Hanumant Singh; Ryan Eustice; Chris Roman; Oscar Pizarro; Woods Hole; Woods Hole Ma
Virtually distortion-free imaging system for large field, high resolution lithography using electrons, ions or other particle beams
Virtually distortion free large field high resolution imaging is performed using an imaging system which contains large field distortion or field curvature. A reticle is imaged in one direction through the optical system to form an encoded mask. The encoded mask is then imaged back through the imaging system onto a wafer positioned at the reticle position. Particle beams, including electrons, ions and neutral particles, may be used as well as electromagnetic radiation.
Hawryluk, A.M.; Ceglio, N.M.
High resolution neutron imaging of water in the polymer electrolyte fuel cell membrane
Water transport in the ionomeric membrane, typically Nafion{reg_sign}, has profound influence on the performance of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, in terms of internal resistance and overall water balance. In this work, high resolution neutron imaging of the Nafion{reg_sign} membrane is presented in order to measure water content and through-plane gradients in situ under disparate temperature and humidification conditions.
Mukherjee, Partha P [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Makundan, Rangachary [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Spendelow, Jacob S [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Borup, Rodney L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Hussey, D S [NIST; Jacobson, D L [NIST; Arif, M [NIST
Computational methods for improving the resolution of subsurface seismic images. Final report
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The original goal is to devise computational methods for improving the resolution of subsurface seismic images. Initially the research emphasis was primarily on developing methods for efficient ray- theoretic modeling of acoustic waves in triangulated representations of media and on efficient means of modeling waves that travel sub- horizontally in horizontally layered media. Subsequent directions included new efficient methods for imaging the Earth`s subsurface (specifically, 3-D migration via the McClellan transformation, and squeezing dip movement (DMO) for depth-variable velocity), demonstrations of the importance of taking P-wave anisotrophy into account in migration and DMO, the development of algorithms for doing migration and DMO in heterogeneous, anisotropic media, and the development of a methodology for the all-important step of deriving the anisotrophy parameters necessary for imaging of P-wave data.
Larner, K.L.
Supernormal vision, high-resolution retinal imaging, multiphoton imaging and nanosurgery of the cornea: a review
Wavelength-corrected, adaptive optics and their relevance for diagnostic procedures of the human retina are considered. First, it is shown that the compensation of errors of the dioptric apparatus of the eye allows sharp and high-contrast images of retinal ... Keywords: aberrometry, adaptive optics, femtosecond laser, nanoresolution, picosecond laser, superresolution, supervision, wave-front correction
Franz Fankhauser; Peter F. Niederer; Sylwia Kwasniewska; Eugen van der Zypen
High-resolution single photon planar and spect imaging of brain and neck employing a system of two co-registered opposed gamma imaging heads
A compact, mobile, dedicated SPECT brain imager that can be easily moved to the patient to provide in-situ imaging, especially when the patient cannot be moved to the Nuclear Medicine imaging center. As a result of the widespread availability of single photon labeled biomarkers, the SPECT brain imager can be used in many locations, including remote locations away from medical centers. The SPECT imager improves the detection of gamma emission from the patient's head and neck area with a large field of view. Two identical lightweight gamma imaging detector heads are mounted to a rotating gantry and precisely mechanically co-registered to each other at 180 degrees. A unique imaging algorithm combines the co-registered images from the detector heads and provides several SPECT tomographic reconstructions of the imaged object thereby improving the diagnostic quality especially in the case of imaging requiring higher spatial resolution and sensitivity at the same time.
Pulse-dilation enhanced gated optical imager with 5 ps resolution (invited)
A 5 ps gated framing camera was demonstrated using the pulse-dilation of a drifting electron signal. The pulse-dilation is achieved by accelerating a photoelectron derived information pulse with a time varying potential [R. D. Prosser, J. Phys. E 9, 57 (1976)]. The temporal dependence of the accelerating potential causes a birth time dependent axial velocity dispersion that spreads the pulse as it transits a drift region. The expanded pulse is then imaged with a conventional gated microchannel plate based framing camera and the effective gating time of the combined instrument is reduced over that of the framing camera alone. In the drift region, electron image defocusing in the transverse or image plane is prevented with a large axial magnetic field. Details of the unique issues associated with rf excited photocathodes were investigated numerically and a prototype instrument based on this principle was recently constructed. Temporal resolution of the instrument was measured with a frequency tripled femtosecond laser operating at 266 nm. The system demonstrated 20x temporal magnification and the results are presented here. X-ray image formation strategies and photometric calculations for inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments are also examined.
Hilsabeck, T. J.; Kilkenny, J. D. [General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608 (United States); Hares, J. D.; Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. [Kentech Instruments Ltd., Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 (United Kingdom); Bell, P. M.; Koch, J. A.; Celliers, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; McCarville, T.; Pivovaroff, M.; Soufli, R.; Bionta, R. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550 (United States)
Study of Fish Response Using Particle Image Velocimetry and High-Speed, High-Resolution Imaging
Existing literature of previous particle image velocimetry (PIV) studies of fish swimming has been reviewed. Historically, most of the studies focused on the performance evaluation of freely swimming fish. Technological advances over the last decade, especially the development of digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) technique, make possible more accurate, quantitative descriptions of the flow patterns adjacent to the fish and in the wake behind the fins and tail, which are imperative to decode the mechanisms of drag reduction and propulsive efficiency. For flows generated by different organisms, the related scales and flow regimes vary significantly. For small Reynolds numbers, viscosity dominates; for very high Reynolds numbers, inertia dominates, and three-dimensional complexity occurs. The majority of previous investigations dealt with the lower end of Reynolds number range. The fish of our interest, such as rainbow trout and spring and fall chinook salmon, fall into the middle range, in which neither viscosity nor inertia is negligible, and three-dimensionality has yet to dominate. Feasibility tests have proven the applicability of PIV to flows around fish. These tests have shown unsteady vortex shedding in the wake, high vorticity region and high stress region, with the highest in the pectoral area. This evident supports the observations by Nietzel et al. (2000) and Deng et al. (2004) that the operculum are most vulnerable to damage from the turbulent shear flow, because they are easily pried open, and the large vorticity and shear stress can lift and tear off scales, rupture or dislodge eyes, and damage gills. In addition, the unsteady behavior of the vortex shedding in the wake implies that injury to fish by the instantaneous flow structures would likely be much higher than the injury level estimated using the average values of the dynamics parameters. Based on existing literature, our technological capability, and relevance and practicability to Department of Energy's Hydropower Program, we identified three major research areas of interest: free swimming, the boundary layer over fish, and kinematic response of fish. We propose that the highest priority is to characterize the kinematic response of fish to different turbulent environments such as high shear/turbulence and hydrodynamic disturbances created by solid structures such as deflector and turbine runner blade; the next priority is to map the boundary layer over swimming fish; the last is to document the behavior of freely swimming fish, focusing on fish of our interest. Grid turbulence and Karman vortex street will be employed to map the boundary layers over fish and investigate the effects of environmental disturbances on the swimming performance of fish, because they are well established and documented in engineering literature and are representative of fish's swimming environments. Extreme conditions characteristic of turbine environments, such as strong shear environment and collision, will be investigated. Through controlled laboratory studies, the fish injury mechanism from different sources will be evaluated in isolation. The major goals are to: gain first-hand knowledge of the biological effects under such extreme hydraulic environments in which fish could lack the capability to overcome the perturbations and be vulnerable to injury; Better understand field results by integrating the laboratory studies with the responses of sensor fish device; More importantly, provide well-defined validation cases and boundary conditions for geometry-based computational fluid-structure interaction modeling in order to simulate the complex hydraulic environments in advanced hydropower systems and their effects on fish, greatly enhancing the potential to use CFD as a bio-hydraulic design alternative.
Deng, Zhiqun; Richmond, Marshall C.; Guensch, Gregory R.; Mueller, Robert P.
This paper addresses the problem of automatic extraction of built-up areas from high-resolution remote sensing images. We propose a new building presence index from the point view of perception. We argue that built-up areas usually result in significant corners and junctions in high-resolution satellite images, due to the man-made structures and occlusion, and thus can be measured by the geometrical structures they contained. More precisely, we first detect corners and junctions by relying on a perception-inspired corner detector, called an a-contrario junction detector. Each detected corner is associated with a perceptual significance, which measures the structural saliency of the corner in the image and is independent of the contrast and scale. All these detected corners together with their significance are then used to compute the building index. The proposed approach is evaluated on a high-resolution satellite image set, including 15 big images from GeoEye-1, QuickBird and IKONOS. The results demonstrated that our method achieves the state-of-the-art results and can be used in practical applications. Index Terms � High-resolution satellite images, junction detection, built-up area detection, contrast independent, urban area detection. 1.
Gang Liu; Gui-song Xia; Xin Huang; Wen Yang; Liangpei Zhang
High-Resolution X-ray Imaging of the Colliding Wind Shock in WR147
We analyze new high-resolution Chandra X-ray images of the Wolf-Rayet binary system WR147. This system contains a WN8 star with an early-type companion located 0.6'' to its north, and is the only known early-type binary with a separation on the sky large enough for the wind-wind collision between the stars to currently be resolved at X-ray energies. The 5 ksec Chandra HRC-I image provides the first direct evidence for spatially extended X-ray emission in an early-type binary system. The X-ray emission peaks close to the position of the radio bow shock and north of the WN8 star. A deeper X-ray image is needed to accurately determine the degree of spatial extension, to exactly align the X-ray and optical/radio frames, and to determine whether part of the detected X-ray emission arises in the individual stellar winds. Simulated X-ray images of the wind-wind collision have a FWHM consistent with the data, and maximum likelihood fits suggest that a deeper observation may also constrain the inclination and wind momentum ratio of this system. However, as the WR wind dominates the colliding wind X-ray emission it appears unlikely that the mass-loss rate and the terminal velocity of the companion wind can be separately determined from X-ray observations. We also note an inconsistency between numerical and analytical estimates of the X-ray luminosity ratio of the stronger and weaker wind components, and conclude that the analytical results are in error.
J. M. Pittard; I. R. Stevens; P. M. Williams; A. M. T. Pollock; S. L. Skinner; M. F. Corcoran; A. F. J. Moffat
Compact, high-resolution, gamma ray imaging for scintimammography and other medical diagostic applications
A high resolution gamma ray imaging device includes an aluminum housing, a lead screen collimator at an opened end of the housing, a crystal scintillator array mounted behind the lead screen collimator, a foam layer between the lead screen collimator and the crystal scintillator array, a photomultiplier window coupled to the crystal with optical coupling grease, a photomultiplier having a dynode chain body and a base voltage divider with anodes, anode wire amplifiers each connected to four anodes and a multi pin connector having pin connections to each anode wire amplifier. In one embodiment the crystal scintillator array includes a yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) crystal array. In an alternate embodiment, the crystal scintillator array includes a gadolinium oxyorthosilicate (GSO) crystal array.
Majewski, Stanislaw (Grafton, VA); Weisenberger, Andrew G. (Grafton, VA); Wojcik, Randolph F. (Yorktown, VA); Steinbach, Daniela (Williamsburg, VA)
D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization
Tech Stage: Demonstration D&D Toolbox: Project OR-071203, OR-071303; Deployed at SRS P Reactor Area Closure Project PBS SR-0040 The robotically deployed laser surveying system was demonstrated in the Purification room of SRS P-Reactor on September 24, 2008. Page 1 of 2 Savannah River Site South Carolina Michigan D&D Toolbox Robotic Deployment of High Resolution Laser Imaging for Characterization Challenge The characterization of complex and/or hazardous facilities for the purposes of planning D&D projects can be excessively time consuming and present unacceptable hazards for personnel who enter or access the facility. Planners must know the condition of facilities which may have been abandoned in years past with little or no
High resolution seismic imaging of Rainier Mesa using surface reflection and surface to tunnel tomography
In the interpretation of seismic data to infer properties of an explosion source, it is necessary to account for wave propagation effects. In order to understand and remove these propagation effects, it is necessary to have a model. An open question concerning this matter is the detail and accuracy which must be present in the velocity model in order to produce reliable estimates in the estimated source properties. While it would appear that the reliability of the results would be directly related to the accuracy of the velocity and density models used in the interpretation, it may be that certain deficiencies in these models can be compensated by the and amount of seismic data which is used in the inversion. The NPE provided an opportunity to test questions of this sort. In August 1993, two high resolution seismic experiments were performed in N-Tunnel and on the surface of Rainier Mesa above it. The first involved a surface-to-tunnel imaging experiment with sources on the surface and receivers in tunnel U12n.23 about 88 meters west of the NPE. It was possible to estimate the apparent average velocity between the tunnel and the surface. In a separate experiment, a high resolution reflection experiment was performed in order to image the lithology in Rainier Mesa. Good quality, broad band, reflections were obtained from depths extending into the Paleozoic basement. A high velocity layer near the surface is underlain by a thick section of low velocity material, providing a nonuniform but low average velocity between the depth of the NPE and the surface.
Majer, E.L.; Johnson, L.R.; Karageorgi, E.K.; Peterson, J.E.
Cross strip microchannel plate imaging photon counters with high time resolution
We have implemented cross strip readout microchannel plate detectors in 18 mm active area format including open face (UV/particle) and sealed tube (optical) configurations. These have been tested with a field programmable gate array based parallel channel electronics for event encoding which can process high input event rates (> 5 MHz) with high spatial resolution. Using small pore MCPs (6 {micro}m) operated in a pair, we achieve gains of >5 x 10{sup 5} which is sufficient to provide spatial resolution of <35 {micro}m FHWM, with self triggered event timing accuracy of {approx}2 ns for sealed tube optical sensors. A peak quantum efficiency of {approx}19% at 500 nm has been achieved with SuperGenII photocathodes that have response over the 400 nm to 900 nm range. Local area counting rates of up to >200 events/mcp pore sec{sup -1} have been attained, along with image linearity and stability to better than 50 {micro}m.
Stonehill, Laura C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Shirey, Robert [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Rabin, Michael W [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Thompson, David C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Siegmund, Oswald H W [U.C. BERKELEY; Vallerga, John V [U.C. BERKELEY; Tremsin, Anton S [U.C. BERKELEY
Wolter-like high resolution x-ray imaging microscope for Rayleigh Taylor instabilities studies
In the context of the inertial confinement fusion, experiments have been carried out on the Phebus laser facility to study the Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities (RTIs) at the ablation front. Premodulated brominated plastic targets (25 {mu}m thick) with a modulation wavelength between 12 and 50 {mu}m were accelerated with a temporally shaped soft x-ray pulse emitted from a hohlraum with a maximum radiation temperature of about 115 eV. The RTI growth was measured by face-on radiography using a microscope coupled with an x-ray streak camera, which has spatial and temporal resolutions of about 5 {mu}m and 50 ps, respectively. The acceleration was derived from side-on velocity measurements. The microscope we have developed is a Wolter-like microscope which consists of two toroiedal mirrors. We will present the experimental and theoretical potentialities of this microscope: characterization with an x-ray generator and plasma laser x-ray source (Phebus facility) for two-dimensional (2D) and 1D time-resolved imaging studies. Spatial resolution of about 4 {mu}m was achieved in the 1-5 keV range. The Wolter-like constitutes an interesting device for laser plasma diagnostics and will be very useful in the Laser Megajoules experiments conducted with more powerful lasers.
Troussel, Ph.; Meyer, B.; Reverdin, R.; Angelier, B.; Lidove, G.; Salvatore, P.; Richard, A. [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, DAM-Ile de France, BP 12, 91680 Bruyeres-les-Chatel (France); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Saclay 91191 (France); Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, CESTA, BP2, 33114 Le Barp (France)
High-Resolution Imaging and Optical Control of Bose-Einstein Condensates in an Atom Chip Magnetic Trap
A high-resolution projection and imaging system for ultracold atoms is implemented using a compound silicon and glass atom chip. The atom chip is metalized to enable magnetic trapping while glass regions enable high numerical aperture optical access to atoms residing in the magnetic trap about 100 microns below the chip surface. The atom chip serves as a wall of the vacuum system, which enables the use of commercial microscope components for projection and imaging. Holographically generated light patterns are used to optically slice a cigar-shaped magnetic trap into separate regions; this has been used to simultaneously generate up to four Bose-condensates. Using fluorescence techniques we have demonstrated in-trap imaging resolution down to 2.5 microns
Evan A. Salim; Seth C. Caliga; Jonathan B. Pfeiffer; Dana Z. Anderson
First field test of NAPL detection with high resolution borehole seismic imaging
The purpose of this field test is to evaluate the detectability of NAPLs by high resolution tomographic borehole seismic imaging. The site is a former Department of Energy (DOE) manufacturing facility in Pinellas County, Florida. Cross-hole seismic and radar measurements were made in a shallow aquifer contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs). Cone penetration test (CPT) and induction logging were performed for lithology and conductivity, respectively. The main challenge is to distinguish fluid phase heterogeneities from anomalies arising from geologic structure. Our approach is to compare measurements between locations of known contamination with a nearby uncontaminated location of similar lithology where differences in signal transmission may be attributed to fluid phase changes. The CPT data show similar lithologic structure at the locations both within and outside the NAPL-contaminated area. Zones of low seismic amplitude at about 7 m depth appear more extensive in the NAPL-contaminated area. These zones may be the result of fluid phase heterogeneities (NAPL or gas), or they may be due to the lithology, i.e. attenuating nature of the layer itself, or the transition between two distinct layers. The presence of lithologic contrasts, specifically from higher permeability sands to lower permeability silts and clays, also indicate potential locations of NAPL, as they could be flow barriers to downward NAPL migration.
Geller, Jil T.; Peterson, John E.; Williams, Kenneth H.; Ajo-Franklin, Jonathan B.; Majer, Ernest L.
Pansharpening of high and medium resolution satellite images using bilateral filtering
We provide and evaluate a fusion algorithm of remotely sensed images, i.e. the fusion of a panchromatic (PAN) image with a multi-spectral (MS) image using bilateral filtering, applied to images of three different sensors: SPOT 5, Landsat ETM+ and Quickbird. ... Keywords: bilateral filter, image fusion, pansharpening
Diego Renza; Estibaliz Martinez; Agueda Arquero; Javier Sanchez
Digital Image Processing "Cookbook": A method to derive bathymetric data from high spatial resolution multi-
imagery. It records image processing steps of the second run through an image specific methodology Processing: Geometric correction (only) File Type: ERDAS Imagine (.img) Complete sets of metadata
Wright, Dawn Jeannine
An Approach for Improving Cirrus Cloud-Top Pressure/Height Estimation by Merging High-Spatial-Resolution Infrared-Window Imager Data with High-Spectral-Resolution Sounder Data
The next-generation Visible and Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) offers infrared (IR)-window measurements with a horizontal spatial resolution of at least 1 km, but it lacks IR spectral bands that are sensitive to absorption by carbon ...
Elisabeth Weisz; W. Paul Menzel; Nadia Smith; Richard Frey; Eva E. Borbas; Bryan A. Baum
The Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT): High-resolution imaging and spectroscopy in the far-infrared
We report results of a recently-completed pre-Formulation Phase study of SPIRIT, a candidate NASA Origins Probe mission. SPIRIT is a spatial and spectral interferometer with an operating wavelength range 25 - 400 microns. SPIRIT will provide sub-arcsecond resolution images and spectra with resolution R = 3000 in a 1 arcmin field of view to accomplish three primary scientific objectives: (1) Learn how planetary systems form from protostellar disks, and how they acquire their inhomogeneous composition; (2) characterize the family of extrasolar planetary systems by imaging the structure in debris disks to understand how and where planets of different types form; and (3) learn how high-redshift galaxies formed and merged to form the present-day population of galaxies. Observations with SPIRIT will be complementary to those of the James Webb Space Telescope and the ground-based Atacama Large Millimeter Array. All three observatories could be operational contemporaneously.
David Leisawitz; Charles Baker; Amy Barger; Dominic Benford; Andrew Blain; Rob Boyle; Richard Broderick; Jason Budinoff; John Carpenter; Richard Caverly; Phil Chen; Steve Cooley; Christine Cottingham; Julie Crooke; Dave DiPietro; Mike DiPirro; Michael Femiano; Art Ferrer; Jacqueline Fischer; Jonathan P. Gardner; Lou Hallock; Kenny Harris; Kate Hartman; Martin Harwit; Lynne Hillenbrand; Tupper Hyde; Drew Jones; Jim Kellogg; Alan Kogut; Marc Kuchner; Bill Lawson; Javier Lecha; Maria Lecha; Amy Mainzer; Jim Mannion; Anthony Martino; Paul Mason; John Mather; Gibran McDonald; Rick Mills; Lee Mundy; Stan Ollendorf; Joe Pellicciotti; Dave Quinn; Kirk Rhee; Stephen Rinehart; Tim Sauerwine; Robert Silverberg; Terry Smith; Gordon Stacey; H. Philip Stahl; Johannes Staguhn; Steve Tompkins; June Tveekrem; Sheila Wall; Mark Wilson
Real-Time High Resolution Quantitative Imaging by Three Wavelength Digital Holography
An optical system capable of reproducing three-dimensional images was invented atORNL. This system can detect height changes of a few nanometers or less and renderclear, single shot images. These types of precise, high speed measurements are ...
Slit-scanning confocal microendoscope for high-resolution in vivo imaging
and construction of a novel imaging system in which a fiber-optic imaging bundle and miniature optical face of the fiber-optic imaging bundle. In this system an argon- ion laser operating at 488 nm is used bundle is the object for this optical system. The light coming from the bun- dle is collimated
Gmitro, Arthur F.
Radiation-Induced Damage to Microstructure of Parotid Gland: Evaluation Using High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Purpose: To elucidate the radiation-induced damage to the microstructure of the parotid gland using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging. Methods and Materials: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging of the parotid gland was performed before radiotherapy (RT) and during the RT period or {<=}3 weeks after RT completion for 12 head-and-neck cancer patients using a 1.5-T scanner with a microscopy coil. The maximal cross-sectional area of the gland was evaluated, and changes in the internal architecture of the gland were assessed both visually and quantitatively. Results: Magnetic resonance images were obtained at a median parotid gland dose of 36 Gy (range, 11-64). According to the quantitative analysis, the maximal cross-sectional area of the gland was reduced, the width of the main duct was narrowed, and the intensity ratio of the main duct lumen to background was significantly decreased after RT (p <.0001). According to the visual assessment, the width of the main duct tended to narrow and the contrast of the duct lumen tended to be decreased, but no significant differences were noted. The visibility of the duct branches was unclear in 10 patients (p = .039), and the septum became dense in 11 patients (p = .006) after RT. Conclusion: High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive method of evaluating radiation-induced changes to the internal architecture of the parotid gland. Morphologic changes in the irradiated parotid gland were demonstrated during the RT course even when a relatively small dose was delivered to the gland.
Kan, Tomoko, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori (Japan); Kodani, Kazuhiko; Michimoto, Koichi; Fujii, Shinya; Ogawa, Toshihide [Department of Radiology, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Tottori (Japan)
Robust atomic resolution imaging of light elements using scanning transmission electron microscopy
We show that an annular detector placed within the bright field cone in scanning transmission electron microscopy allows direct imaging of light elements in crystals. In contrast to common high angle annular dark field imaging, both light and heavy atom columns are visible simultaneously. In contrast to common bright field imaging, the images are directly and robustly interpretable over a large range of thicknesses. We demonstrate this through systematic simulations and present a simple physical model to obtain some insight into the scattering dynamics.
Findlay, S. D. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Shibata, N. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012 (Japan); Sawada, H.; Okunishi, E.; Kondo, Y. [JEOL Ltd., Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan); Yamamoto, T. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya 456-8587 (Japan); Ikuhara, Y. [Institute of Engineering Innovation, School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656 (Japan); Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramic Center, Nagoya 456-8587 (Japan); WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577 (Japan)
Unsupervised Semantic Labeling Framework for Identification of Complex Facilities in High-Resolution Remote Sensing Images
Nuclear proliferation is a major national security concern for many countries. Existing feature extraction and classification approaches are not suitable for monitoring proliferation activity using high-resolution multi-temporal remote sensing imagery. ... Keywords: GMM, LDA, Remote Sensing, Nuclear Nonproliferation
Ranga Raju Vatsavai; Anil Cheriyadat; Shaun Gleason
High-Resolution Imaging of Rain Systems with the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer
An Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) has been developed and flown in the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft for imaging various atmospheric and surface processes, primarily the internal structure of rain clouds. The AMPR is a ...
Roy W. Spencer; Robbie E. Hood; Frank J. Lafontaine; Eric A. Smith; Robert Platt; Joe Galliano; Vanessa L. Griffin; Elena Lobl
High-resolution subsurface imaging and neural network recognition: Non-intrusive buried substance location. Final report
A high-frequency, high-resolution electromagnetic (EM) imaging system has been developed for environmental geophysics surveys. Some key features of this system include: (1) rapid surveying to allow dense spatial sampling over a large area, (2) high-accuracy measurements which are used to produce a high-resolution image of the subsurface, (3) measurements which have excellent signal-to-noise ratio over a wide bandwidth (31 kHz to 32 MHz), (4) elimination of electric-field interference at high frequencies, (5) large-scale physical modeling to produce accurate theoretical responses over targets of interest in environmental geophysics surveys, (6) rapid neural network interpretation at the field site, and (7) visualization of complex structures during the survey. Four major experiments were conducted with the system: (1) Data were collected for several targets in our physical modeling facility. (2) The authors tested the system over targets buried in soil. (3) The authors conducted an extensive survey at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) Cold Test Pit (CTP). The location of the buried waste, category of waste, and thickness of the clay cap were successfully mapped. (4) The authors ran surveys over the acid pit at INEL. This was an operational survey over a hot site. The interpreted low-resistivity region correlated closely with the known extent of the acid pit.
Sternberg, B.K.; Poulton, M.M.
Background and Scattered Light Subtraction in the High-Resolution Echelle Modes of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
We present a simple, effective approach for estimating the on-order backgrounds of spectra taken with the highest-resolution modes of the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on-board the Hubble Space Telescope. Our scheme for determining the on-order background spectrum uses polynomial fits to the inter-order scattered light visible in the two-dimensional STIS MAMA images. We present a suite of high-resolution STIS spectra to demonstrate that our background subtraction routine produces the correct overall zero point, as judged by the small residual flux levels in the centers of strongly-saturated interstellar absorption lines. Although there are multiple sources of background light in STIS echelle mode data, this simple approach works very well for wavelengths longward of Lyman-alpha. At shorter wavelengths, the smaller order separation and generally lower signal-to-noise ratios of the data can reduce the effectiveness of our background estimation procedure. Slight artifacts in the background-subtracted spectrum can be seen in some cases, particularly at wavelengths light. We discuss the limitations of high-resolution STIS data in light of the uncertainties associated with our background subtraction procedure. We compare our background-subtracted STIS spectra with GHRS Ech-A observations of the DA white dwarf G191-B2B and GHRS first-order G160M observations of the early-type star HD 218915. We find no significant differences between the GHRS data and the STIS data reduced with our method in either case.
J. Christopher Howk; Kenneth R. Sembach
Coregistration of Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) topography with high-resolution Mars images
Spacecraft continue to send back extraordinary amounts of data from Mars leaving scientists with the considerable task of analyzing an ever-increasing wealth of information. There are abundant uses for coregistered topography and images, but coregistering ... Keywords: CTX, HiRISE, MOC, MOLA, Mars, Topography
Kelly J. Kolb; Chris H. Okubo
Observations of SO2 production and transport from Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka using the MODerate resolution Infrared Spectroradiometer (MODIS)
Bezymianny volcano, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, is one of the most active volcanoes in the North Pacific (NOPAC) region and erupts violently on average every 6 months. We report the SO2 cloud mass, emission and transport rates for the eruption of Bezymianny ...
C. S. Kearney; K. Dean; V. J. Realmuto; I. M. Watson; J. Dehn; F. Prata
NIST Image Gallery: Image Details
... Title: Scanning tunneling microscope; Semiconductor; Spintronics. Description: [Left] A high resolution STM image of a manganese ...
High resolution neutron imaging of water in the polymer electrolyte membrane
To achieve a deeper understanding of water transport and performance issues associated with water management, we have conducted in situ water examinations to help understand the effects of components and operation. High Frequency Resistance (HFR), AC Impedance and neutron radiography were used to measure water content in operating fuel cells under various operating conditions. Variables examined include: sub-freezing conditions, inlet relative humidities, cell temperature, current density and response transients, different flow field orientations and different component materials (membranes, GDLs and MEAs). Quantification of the water within the membrane was made by neutron radiography after equilibration to different humidified gases, during fuel cell operation and in hydrogen pump mode. The water content was evaluated in bare Nafion{reg_sign} membranes as well as in MEAs operated in both fuel cell and H{sub 2} pump mode. These in situ imaging results allow measurement of the water content and gradients in the PEFC membrane and relate the membrane water transport characteristics to the fuel cell operation and performance under disparate materials and operational combinations. Flow geometry makes a large impact on MEA water content. Higher membrane water with counter flow was measured compared with co-flow for sub-saturated inlet RH's. This correlates to lower HFR and higher performance compared with co-flow. Higher anode stoichiometry helps remove water which accumulates in the anode channels and GDL material. Cell orientation was measured to affect both the water content and cell performance. While membrane water content was measured to be similar regardless of orientation, cells with the cathode on top show flooding and loss of performance compared with similarly operated cells with the anode on top. Transient fuel cell current measurements show a large degree of hysteresis in terms of membrane hydration as measured by HFR. Current step transients from 0.01 A cm{sup -2} to 0.68 A cm{sup -2} consistently show PEM wetting occurring within 5 to 20 sec. Whereas the PEM drying response to the reverse step transient of 0.68 A cm{sup -2} to 0.01 A cm{sup -2}, takes several minutes. The observed faster wetting response is due to reaction water being produced in the cathode and back diffusing into the membrane. The slower PEM drying is due to the water slowly being removed out of the wetted GDLs. This rate of removal of water and hence the PEM hydration level was found to be influenced strongly by the PTFE loadings in the GDL substrate and Microporous layer (MPL). The drying of the membrane is influenced by both the anode and cathode GDL PTFE loadings. Lower PTFE loading in the anode GDL leads to better membrane hydration probably due to the easier incorporation of water from the anode GDL into the membrane. Similarly a lower PTFE loading in the cathode GDL also results in better membrane hydration probably due to the better water retention properties (less hydrophobic) of this GDL. Fuel cells operated isothermal at sub-freezing temperatures show gradual cell performance decay over time and eventually drops to zero. AC impedance analysis indicates that losses are initially due to increasing charge transfer resistance. After time, the rate of decay accelerates rapidly due to mass transport limitations. High frequency resistance also increases over time and is a function of the initial membrane water content. These results indicate that catalyst layer ice formation is influenced strongly by the MEA and is responsible for the long-term degradation of fuel cells operated at sub-freezing temperatures. Water distribution measurements indicate that ice may be fonning mainly in the GDLs at -10 C but are concentrated in the catalyst layer at -20 C.
Spernjak, Dusan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mukundan, Rangachary [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Borup, Rodney L [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Spendelow, Jacob S [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Davey, John [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Fairweather, Joseph [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Mukherjee, Partha [ORNL
A Physically-Intuitive Method for Calculation of the Local Lattice Constant from a High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy Image by Fourier Analysis
We have developed a physically-intuitive method to calculate the local lattice constant as a function of position in a high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image by performing a two-dimensional fast Fourier transform. We apply a Gaussian filter with appropriate spatial full-width-half-max (FWHM) bandwidth to the image centered at the desired location to calculate the local lattice constant (as opposed to the average lattice constant). Fourier analysis of the filtered image yields the vertical and horizontal lattice constants at this location. The process is repeated by stepping the Gaussian filter across the image to produce a set of local lattice constants in the vertical and horizontal direction as a function of position in the image. The method has been implemented in a freely available tool on nanoHUB.
Teherani, James T
Multi-Instrument Comparison of Top-of-Atmosphere Reflected Solar Radiation
Observations from the Clouds and the Earth�s Radiant Energy System (CERES), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR), and Sea-Viewing Wide-Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) between 2000 and ...
Norman G. Loeb; Bruce A. Wielicki; Wenying Su; Konstantin Loukachine; Wenbo Sun; Takmeng Wong; Kory J. Priestley; Grant Matthews; Walter F. Miller; R. Davies
Development of high-spatial and high-mass resolution mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) and its application to the study of small metabolites and endogenous molecules of plants
High-spatial and high-mass resolution laser desorption ionization (LDI) mass spectrometric (MS) imaging technology was developed for the attainment of MS images of higher quality containing more information on the relevant cellular and molecular biology in unprecedented depth. The distribution of plant metabolites is asymmetric throughout the cells and tissues, and therefore the increase in the spatial resolution was pursued to reveal the localization of plant metabolites at the cellular level by MS imaging. For achieving high-spatial resolution, the laser beam size was reduced by utilizing an optical fiber with small core diameter (25 ?m) in a vacuum matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-linear ion trap (vMALDI-LTQ) mass spectrometer. Matrix application was greatly improved using oscillating capillary nebulizer. As a result, single cell level spatial resolution of ~ 12 ?m was achieved. MS imaging at this high spatial resolution was directly applied to a whole Arabidopsis flower and the substructures of an anther and single pollen grains at the stigma and anther were successfully visualized. MS imaging of high spatial resolution was also demonstrated to the secondary roots of Arabidopsis thaliana and a high degree of localization of detected metabolites was successfully unveiled. This was the first MS imaging on the root for molecular species. MS imaging with high mass resolution was also achieved by utilizing the LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer for the direct identification of the surface metabolites on the Arabidopsis stem and root and differentiation of isobaric ions having the same nominal mass with no need of tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). MS imaging at high-spatial and high-mass resolution was also applied to cer1 mutant of the model system Arabidopsis thaliana to demonstrate its usefulness in biological studies and reveal associated metabolite changes in terms of spatial distribution and/or abundances compared to those of wild-type. The spatial distribution of targeted metabolites, mainly waxes and flavonoids, was systematically explored on various organs, including flowers, leaves, stems, and roots at high spatial resolution of ~ 12-50 ?m and the changes in the abundance level of these metabolites were monitored on the cer1 mutant with respect to the wild-type. This study revealed the metabolic biology of CER1 gene on each individual organ level with very detailed high spatial resolution. The separate MS images of isobaric metabolites, i.e. C29 alkane vs. C28 aldehyde could be constructed on both genotypes from MS imaging at high mass resolution. This allows tracking of abundance changes for those compounds along with the genetic mutation, which is not achievable with low mass resolution mass spectrometry. This study supported previous hypothesis of molecular function of CER1 gene as aldehyde decarbonylase, especially by displaying hyper accumulation of aldehydes and C30 fatty acid and decrease in abundance of alkanes and ketones in several plant organs of cer1 mutant. The scope of analytes was further directed toward internal cell metabolites from the surface metabolites of the plant. MS profiling and imaging of internal cell metabolites were performed on the vibratome section of Arabidopsis leaf. Vibratome sectioning of the leaf was first conducted to remove the surface cuticle layer and it was followed by enzymatic treatment of the section to induce the digestion of primary cell walls, middle lamella, and expose the internal cells underneath to the surface for detection with the laser by LDI-MS. The subsequent MS imaging onto the enzymatically treated vibratome section allowed us to map the distribution of the metabolites in the internal cell layers, linolenic acid (C18:3 FA) and linoleic acid (C18:2 FA). The development of an assay for relative quantification of analytes at the single subcellular/organelle level by LDI-MS imaging was attempted and both plausibility and significant obstacles were seen. As a test system, native plant organelle, chloroplasts isolated from the spinach leaves were used
Jun, Ji Hyun
A new generic method for the semi-automatic extraction of river and road networks in low and mid-resolution satellite images
This paper addresses the problem of semi-automatic extraction of road or hydrographic networks in satellite images. For that purpose, we propose an approach combining concepts arising from mathematical morphology and hydrology. The method exploits both geometrical and topological characteristics of rivers/roads and their tributaries in order to reconstruct the complete networks. It assumes that the images satisfy the following two general assumptions, which are the minimum conditions for a road/river network to be identifiable and are usually verified in low- to mid-resolution satellite images: (i) visual constraint: most pixels composing the network have similar spectral signature that is distinguishable from most of the surrounding areas; (ii) geometric constraint: a line is a region that is relatively long and narrow, compared with other objects in the image. While this approach fully exploits local (roads/rivers are modeled as elongated regions with a smooth spectral signature in the image and a maximum width) and global (they are structured like a tree) characteristics of the networks, further directional information about the image structures is incorporated. Namely, an appropriate anisotropic metric is designed by using both the characteristic features of the target network and the eigen-decomposition of the gradient structure tensor of the image. Following, the geodesic propagation from a given network seed with this metric is combined with hydrological operators for overland flow simulation to extract the paths which contain most line evidence and identify them with the target network.
Grazzini, Jacopo [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dillard, Scott [PNNL; Soille, Pierre [EC JRC
Fourier Transform Near Infrared Microspectroscopy, Infrared Chemical Imaging, High-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Microspectroscopy Detection of Single Cancer Cells and Single Viral Particles
Single Cancer Cells from Human tumors are being detected and imaged by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR)Hyperspectral Imaging and Fluorescence Correlation Microspectroscopy. The first FT-NIR chemical, microscopic images of biological systems approaching one micron resolution are here reported. Chemical images obtained by FT-NIR and FT-IR Microspectroscopy are also presented for oil in soybean seeds and somatic embryos under physiological conditions. FT-NIR spectra of oil and proteins were obtained for volumes as small as two cubic microns. Related, HR-NMR analyses of oil contents in somatic embryos as well as 99% accurate calibrations are also presented here with nanoliter precision. Such high-resolution, 400 MHz H-1 NMR analyses allowed the selection of mutagenized embryos with higher oil content (e.g. >~20%) compared to the average levels in non-mutagenized control embryos. Moreover, developmental changes in single soybean seeds and/or somatic embryos may be monito...
Baianu,I C; Hofmann, N E; Korban, S S; Lozano, P; You, T
Development of a High Resolution X-Ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometer for Measurement of Ion-Temperature and Rotation-Velocity Profiles in Fusion Energy Research Plasmas
A new imaging high resolution x-ray crystal spectrometer (XCS) has been developed to measure continuous profiles of ion temperature and rotation velocity in fusion plasmas. Following proof-of-principle tests on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak and the NSTX spherical tokamak, and successful testing of a new silicon, pixilated detector with 1MHz count rate capability per pixel, an imaging XCS is being designed to measure full profiles of Ti and v? on C-Mod. The imaging XCS design has also been adopted for ITER. Ion-temperature uncertainty and minimum measurable rotation velocity are calculated for the C-Mod spectrometer. The affects of x-ray and nuclear-radiation background on the measurement uncertainties are calculated to predict performance on ITER.
Hill, K W; Broennimann, Ch; Eikenberry, E F; Ince-Cushman, A; Lee, S G; Rice, J E; Scott, S
Development of a high-resolution image intensified spectrograph. Final report 10 November 1975--30 April 1977
This instrument was developed to provide high resolution spectral information of low light level optical radiation from atomic and molecular species related to the infrared chemistry of the upper atmosphere when excited by electron bombardment from a rocket-borne electron accelerator. (Author)
Tuttle, A.H.
Zoomed Functional Imaging in the Human Brain at 7 Tesla with Simultaneous High Spatial and High Temporal Resolution
Zoomed Functional Imaging in the Human Brain at 7 Tesla with Simultaneous High Spatial and High and is mainly limited by sensitivity. Here, signal-to-noise gains at high magnetic fields (7 Tesla
High resolution biomedical imaging system with direct detection of x-rays via a charge coupled device
An imaging system is provided for direct detection of x-rays from an irradiated biological tissue. The imaging system includes an energy source for emitting x-rays toward the biological tissue and a charge coupled device (CCD) located immediately adjacent the biological tissue and arranged transverse to the direction of irradiation along which the x-rays travel. The CCD directly receives and detects the x-rays after passing through the biological tissue. The CCD is divided into a matrix of cells, each of which individually stores a count of x-rays directly detected by the cell. The imaging system further includes a pattern generator electrically coupled to the CCD for reading a count from each cell. A display device is provided for displaying an image representative of the count read by the pattern generator from the cells of the CCD.
Atac, Muzaffer (Wheaton, IL); McKay, Timothy A. (Ann Arbor, MI)
Near Infrared Microspectroscopy, Fluorescence Microspectroscopy, Infrared Chemical Imaging and High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Analysis of Soybean Seeds, Somatic Embryos and Single Cells
Novel methodologies are currently being developed and established for the chemical analysis of soybean seeds, embryos and single cells by Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR), Fourier Transform Near Infrared (FT-NIR) Microspectroscopy, Fluorescence and High-Resolution NMR (HR-NMR). The first FT-NIR chemical images of biological systems approaching one micron resolution are presented here. Chemical images obtained by FT-NIR and FT-IR Microspectroscopy are presented for oil in soybean seeds and somatic embryos under physiological conditions. FT-NIR spectra of oil and proteins were obtained for volumes as small as two cubic microns. Related, HR-NMR analyses of oil contents in somatic embryos are also presented here with nanoliter precision. Such 400 MHz 1H NMR analyses allowed the selection of mutagenized embryos with higher oil content (e.g. ~20%) compared to non-mutagenized control embryos. Moreover, developmental changes in single soybean seeds and/or somatic embryos may be monitored by FT-NIR with a precision ...
Baianu, I C; Hofmann, N E; Korban, S S; Lozano, P; You, T; AOCS 94th Meeting, Kansas
Visible Light Digital Camera --Up to 2.3MP resolution with LED lamps provides sharp images
regardless of lighting conditions · Fusion Picture in Picture (PIP) -- Displays thermal image super Marker Function · Auto Hot/Cold spot marker function shows a spot within the area that automatically finds the hottest or coldest spot within the box i-Series Features FLIR i60 -- Scalable Fusion picture
Short, Daniel
Visual Comfort Analysis of Innovative Interior and Exterior Shading Systems for Commercial Buildings using High Resolution Luminance Images
The objective of this study was to explore how calibrated high dynamic range (HDR) images (luminance maps) acquired in real world daylit environments can be used to characterize, evaluate, and compare visual comfort conditions of innovative facade shading and light-redirecting systems. Detailed (1536 x 1536 pixel) luminance maps were time-lapse acquired from two view positions in an unoccupied full scale testbed facility. These maps were analyzed using existing visual comfort metrics to quantify how innovative interior and exterior shading systems compare to conventional systems under real sun and sky conditions over a solstice-to-solstice test interval. The results provide a case study in the challenges and potential of methods of visualizing, evaluating and summarizing daily and seasonal variation of visual comfort conditions computed from large sets of image data.
Konis, Kyle; Lee, Eleanor; Clear, Robert
Application of PILATUS II Detector Modules for High Resolution X-Ray Imaging Crystal Spectrometers on the Alcator C-Mod Tokamak
A new type of X-ray imaging crystal spectrometer for Doppler measurements of the radial profiles of the ion temperature and plasma rotation velocity in tokamak plasmas is presently being developed in a collaboration between various laboratories. The spectrometer will consist of a spherically bent crystal and a two-dimensional position sensitive detector; and it will record temporally and spatially resolved X-ray line spectra from highly-charged ions. The detector must satisfy challenging requirements with respect to count rate and spatial resolution. The paper presents the results from a recent test of a PILATUS II detector module on Alcator C-Mod, which demonstrate that the PILATUS II detector modules will satisfy these requirements.
M.L. Bitter, Ch. Borennimann, E.F. Eikenberry, K.W. Hill, A. Ince-Chushman, S.G. Lee, J.E. Rice, and S. Scott.
Apparent resolution enhancement for animations
Presenting the variety of high resolution images captured by high-quality devices, or generated on the computer, is challenging due to the limited resolution of current display devices. Our recent work addressed this problem by taking into account human ... Keywords: eye tracking, image reconstruction, perception
Krzysztof Templin; Piotr Didyk; Tobias Ritschel; Elmar Eisemann; Karol Myszkowski; Hans-Peter Seidel
Multiple protostellar systems. II. A high resolution near-infrared imaging survey in nearby star-forming regions
(abridged) Our project endeavors to obtain a robust view of multiplicity among embedded Class I and Flat Spectrum protostars in a wide array of nearby molecular clouds to disentangle ``universal'' from cloud-dependent processes. We have used near-infrared adaptive optics observations at the VLT through the H, Ks and L' filters to search for tight companions to 45 Class I and Flat Spectrum protostars located in 4 different molecular clouds (Taurus-Auriga, Ophiuchus, Serpens and L1641 in Orion). We complemented these observations with published high-resolution surveys of 13 additional objects in Taurus and Ophiuchus. We found multiplicity rates of 32+/-6% and 47+/-8% over the 45-1400 AU and 14-1400 AU separation ranges, respectively. These rates are in excellent agreement with those previously found among T Tauri stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus, and represent an excess of a factor ~1.7 over the multiplicity rate of solar-type field stars. We found no non-hierarchical triple systems, nor any quadruple or higher-or...
Duch�ne, G; Bouvier, J; Andr�, P; Djupvik, A A; Ghez, A M
(abridged) Our project endeavors to obtain a robust view of multiplicity among embedded Class I and Flat Spectrum protostars in a wide array of nearby molecular clouds to disentangle ``universal'' from cloud-dependent processes. We have used near-infrared adaptive optics observations at the VLT through the H, Ks and L' filters to search for tight companions to 45 Class I and Flat Spectrum protostars located in 4 different molecular clouds (Taurus-Auriga, Ophiuchus, Serpens and L1641 in Orion). We complemented these observations with published high-resolution surveys of 13 additional objects in Taurus and Ophiuchus. We found multiplicity rates of 32+/-6% and 47+/-8% over the 45-1400 AU and 14-1400 AU separation ranges, respectively. These rates are in excellent agreement with those previously found among T Tauri stars in Taurus and Ophiuchus, and represent an excess of a factor ~1.7 over the multiplicity rate of solar-type field stars. We found no non-hierarchical triple systems, nor any quadruple or higher-order systems. No significant cloud-to-cloud difference has been found, except for the fact that all companions to low-mass Orion protostars are found within 100 AU of their primaries whereas companions found in other clouds span the whole range probed here. Based on this survey, we conclude that core fragmentation always yields a high initial multiplicity rate, even in giant molecular clouds such as the Orion cloud or in clustered stellar populations as in Serpens, in contrast with predictions of numerical simulations. The lower multiplicity rate observed in clustered Class II and Class III populations can be accounted for by a universal set of properties for young systems and subsequent ejections through close encounters with unrelated cluster members.
G. Duch�ne; S. Bontemps; J. Bouvier; P. Andr�; A. A. Djupvik; A. M. Ghez
Perfusion-based High-Resolution Functional Imaging in the Human Brain at 7 Tesla J. Pfeuffer, G. Adriany, A. Shmuel, E. Yacoub, P.-F. van de Moortele, X. Hu, K. Ugurbil
Perfusion-based High-Resolution Functional Imaging in the Human Brain at 7 Tesla J. Pfeuffer, G was made possible by signal-to-noise gains at the high magnetic field of 7 Tesla and by using a novel RF
SAFARI 2000 MODIS Data Sets Available
Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for the SAFARI 2000 project. The data set "SAFARI 2000 MODIS MOD04L2 Aerosol Data, GRANT Format, for Southern Africa" contains...
Exploration of the MODIS Cloud-Top Property Products for the Investigation of Equatorial Wave Systems
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations provide an unprecedented opportunity for studying cloud macrophysical (cloud-top pressure, temperature, height, and phase), microphysical (effective particle size), and ...
Yue Li; Gerald R. North; Ping Yang; Bryan A. Baum
High-brightness, high-spatial-resolution, 6.151 keV x-ray imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics experiments on Sandia's Z accelerator (invited)
When used for the production of an x-ray imaging backlighter source on Sandia National Laboratories' 20 MA, 100 ns rise-time Z accelerator [M. K. Matzen et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 055503 (2005)], the terawatt-class, multikilojoule, 526.57 nm Z-Beamlet laser (ZBL) [P. K. Rambo et al., Appl. Opt. 44, 2421 (2005)], in conjunction with the 6.151 keV, Mn-He{sub {alpha}} curved-crystal imager [D. B. Sinars et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 3672 (2004)], is capable of providing a high quality x radiograph per Z shot for various high-energy-density physics experiments. Enhancements to this imaging system during 2005 have led to the capture of inertial confinement fusion capsule implosion and complex hydrodynamics images of significantly higher quality. The three main improvements, all leading effectively to enhanced image plane brightness, were bringing the source inside the Rowland circle to approximately double the collection solid angle, replacing direct exposure film with Fuji BAS-TR2025 image plate (read with a Fuji BAS-5000 scanner), and generating a 0.3-0.6 ns, {approx}200 J prepulse 2 ns before the 1.0 ns, {approx}1 kJ main pulse to more than double the 6.151 keV flux produced compared with a single 1 kJ pulse. It appears that the 20{+-}5 {mu}m imaging resolution is limited by the 25 {mu}m scanning resolution of the BAS-5000 unit, and to this end, a higher resolution scanner will replace it. ZBL is presently undergoing modifications to provide two temporally separated images ('two-frame') per Z shot for this system before the accelerator closes down in summer 2006 for the Z-refurbished (ZR) upgrade. In 2008, after ZR, it is anticipated that the high-energy petawatt (HEPW) addition to ZBL will be completed, possibly allowing high-energy 11.2224 and 15.7751 keV K{alpha}{sub 1} curved-crystal imaging to be performed. With an ongoing several-year project to develop a highly sensitive multiframe ultrafast digital x-ray camera (MUDXC), it is expected that two-frame HEPW 11 and 16 keV imaging and four-frame ZBL 6.151 keV curved-crystal imaging will be possible. MUDXC will be based on the technology of highly cooled silicon and germanium photodiode arrays and ultrafast, radiation-hardened integrated circuitry.
Bennett, G. R.; Sinars, D. B.; Wenger, D. F.; Cuneo, M. E.; Adams, R. G.; Barnard, W. J.; Beutler, D. E.; Burr, R. A.; Campbell, D. V.; Claus, L. D.; Foresi, J. S.; Johnson, D. W.; Keller, K. L.; Lackey, C.; Leifeste, G. T.; McPherson, L. A.; Mulville, T. D.; Neely, K. A.; Rambo, P. K.; Rovang, D. C. [Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185-1106 (United States)] (and others)
Resolution-enhanced photometric stereo
Conventional photometric stereo has a fundamental limitation that the scale of recovered geometry is limited to the resolution of the input images. However, surfaces that contain sub-pixel geometric structures are not well modelled by a single normal ...
Ping Tan; Stephen Lin; Long Quan
Final Technical Report for DE-FG02-06ER15835: Chemical Imaging with 100nm Spatial Resolution: Combining High Resolution Flurosecence Microscopy and Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry
We have combined, in a single instrument, high spatial resolution optical microscopy with the chemical specificity and conformational selectivity of ion mobility mass spectrometry. We discuss the design and construction of this apparatus as well as our efforts in applying this technique to thin films of molecular semiconductor materials.
Buratto, Steven K. [UC Santa Barbara
Imaging Print Imaging Print The wavelengths of soft x-ray photons (1-15 nm) are very well matched to the creation of "nanoscopes" capable of probing the interior structure of biological cells and inorganic mesoscopic systems.Topics addressed by soft x-ray imaging techniques include cell biology, nanomagnetism, environmental science, and polymers. The tunability of synchrotron radiation is absolutely essential for the creation of contrast mechanisms. Cell biology CAT scans are performed in the "water window" (300-500 eV). Nanomagnetism studies require the energy range characteristic of iron, cobalt, and nickel (600-900 eV). Mid- and far-infrared (energies below 1 eV) microprobes using synchrotron radiation are being used to address problems such as chemistry in biological tissues, chemical identification and molecular conformation, environmental biodegradation, mineral phases in geological and astronomical specimens, and electronic properties of novel materials. Infrared synchrotron radiation is focused through, or reflected from, a small spot on the specimen and then analyzed using a spectrometer. Tuning to characteristic vibrational frequencies serves as a sensitive fingerprint for molecular species. Images of the various species are built up by raster scanning the specimen through the small illuminated spot.
High resolution telescope
A large effective-aperture, low-cost optical telescope with diffraction-limited resolution enables ground-based observation of near-earth space objects. The telescope has a non-redundant, thinned-aperture array in a center-mount, single-structure space frame. It employs speckle interferometric imaging to achieve diffraction-limited resolution. The signal-to-noise ratio problem is mitigated by moving the wavelength of operation to the near-IR, and the image is sensed by a Silicon CCD. The steerable, single-structure array presents a constant pupil. The center-mount, radar-like mount enables low-earth orbit space objects to be tracked as well as increases stiffness of the space frame. In the preferred embodiment, the array has elemental telescopes with subaperture of 2.1m in a circle-of-nine configuration. The telescope array has an effective aperture of 12m which provides a diffraction-limited resolution of 0.02 arc seconds. Pathlength matching of the telescope array is maintained by an electro-optical system employing laser metrology. Speckle imaging relaxes pathlength matching tolerance by one order of magnitude as compared to phased arrays. Many features of the telescope contribute to substantial reduction in costs. These include eliminating the conventional protective dome and reducing on-site construction activities. The cost of the telescope scales with the first power of the aperture rather than its third power as in conventional telescopes. 9 figs., 1 tab.
Massie, N.A.; Oster, Y.
A large effective-aperture, low-cost optical telescope with diffraction-limited resolution enables ground-based observation of near-earth space objects. The telescope has a non-redundant, thinned-aperture array in a center-mount, single-structure space frame. It employs speckle interferometric imaging to achieve diffraction-limited resolution. The signal-to-noise ratio problem is mitigated by moving the wavelength of operation to the near-IR, and the image is sensed by a Silicon CCD. The steerable, single-structure array presents a constant pupil. The center-mount, radar-like mount enables low-earth orbit space objects to be tracked as well as increases stiffness of the space frame. In the preferred embodiment, the array has elemental telescopes with subaperture of 2.1 m in a circle-of-nine configuration. The telescope array has an effective aperture of 12 m which provides a diffraction-limited resolution of 0.02 arc seconds. Pathlength matching of the telescope array is maintained by an electro-optical system employing laser metrology. Speckle imaging relaxes pathlength matching tolerance by one order of magnitude as compared to phased arrays. Many features of the telescope contribute to substantial reduction in costs. These include eliminating the conventional protective dome and reducing on-site construction activites. The cost of the telescope scales with the first power of the aperture rather than its third power as in conventional telescopes.
Massie, Norbert A. (San Ramon, CA); Oster, Yale (Danville, CA)
PYRAMIDAL MULTI-VIEW PBR A Point-Based Algorithm for Multi-view Multi-resolution Rendering of Large Data Sets from Range Images
Farooq,S. Siebert,J.P. GRAPP2009 - The International Joint Conference on Computer Vision, Imaging and ComputerGraphics Theory and Applications
Farooq, S.; Siebert, J.P.
Accurate top of the atmosphere albedo determination from multiple views of the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) instrument
Changes in the Earth`s surface albedo impact the atmospheric and global energy budget and contribute to the global climate change. It is now recognized that multispectral and multiangular views of the Earth`s top of the atmosphere (TOA) albedo are necessary to provide information on albedo changes. In this paper we describe four semi- empirical bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF) models which are inverted for two and three unknowns. The retrieved BRF parameters are then used to compute the TOA spectral albedo for clear sky conditions. Using this approach we find that the albedo can be computed with better than one percent error in the visible and one and a half percent in the near infrared (NIR) for most surface types. Global monitoring of the earth radiation budget is one of the main goals in global change research programs. Thus global measurements of the TOA albedo are important. Our goals is to compute the TOA spectral albedo for clear sky conditions.
Borel, C.C.; Gerstl, S.A.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Tornow, C. [German Aerospace Research Establishment, Berlin (Germany)
Improved resolution and reduced clutter in ultra-wideband microwave imaging using cross-correlated back projection: experimental and numerical results
Microwave breast cancer detection is based on the dielectric contrast between healthy and malignant tissue. This radar-based imaging method involves illumination of the breast with an ultra-wideband pulse. Detection of tumors within the breast is achieved ...
S. Jacobsen; Y. Birkelund
Advanced Measurement Laboratory Image Gallery
... This NIST-developed instrument, a scanning electron microscope with spin polarization analysis, is the highest resolution magnetization imaging ...
The 2D-S (Stereo) Probe: Design and Preliminary Tests of a New Airborne, High-Speed, High-Resolution Particle Imaging Probe
The design, laboratory calibrations, and flight tests of a new optical imaging instrument, the two-dimensional stereo (2D-S) probe, are presented. Two orthogonal laser beams cross in the middle of the sample volume. Custom, high-speed, 128-...
R. Paul Lawson; Darren O�Connor; Patrick Zmarzly; Kim Weaver; Brad Baker; Qixu Mo; Haflidi Jonsson
Using MODIS to Estimate Cloud Contamination of the AVHRR Data Record
A study of the improvement in cloud-masking capability of data from a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) relative to data from an Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) is performed. MODIS offers significant advances ...
Andrew K. Heidinger; Venkata Rao Anne; Charles Dean
Evaluating Satellite-Based Cloud Persistence and Displacement Nowcasting Techniques over Complex Terrain
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites allows roughly for the same region of Earth to be sampled twice in a nowcasting time frame. Using the MODIS cloud mask at 5-km resolution and ...
Eric M. Guillot; Thomas H. Vonder Haar; John M. Forsythe; Steven J. Fletcher
Disaster impact modeling and analysis uses huge volumes of image data that are produced immediately following a natural or an anthropogenic disaster event. Rapid damage assessment is the key to time critical decision support in disaster management to better utilize available response resources and accelerate recovery and relief efforts. But exploiting huge volumes of high resolution image data for identifying damaged areas with robust consistency in near real time is a challenging task. In this paper, we present an automated image analysis technique to identify areas of structural damage from high resolution optical satellite data using features based on image content.
Vijayaraj, Veeraraghavan [ORNL; Bright, Eddie A [ORNL; Bhaduri, Budhendra L [ORNL
NIST Lunar spectro-radiometer
... each of which is connected to a spectrograph covering a different ... to be approximately 0.5 % through visible atmospheric window bands and less ...
Pulse Analysis Spectroradiometer Conference Paper
This report was prepared as an account of work ... (303) 384-6383; fax (303) 384-6391; www.nrel.gov/solar_radiation. 1 ... PASS repeatability testing ...
High resolution scintillation detector with semiconductor readout
A novel high resolution scintillation detector array for use in radiation imaging such as high resolution Positron Emission Tomography (PET) which comprises one or more parallelepiped crystals with at least one long surface of each crystal being in intimate contact with a semiconductor photodetector such that photons generated within each crystal by gamma radiation passing therethrough is detected by the photodetector paired therewith.
Levin, Craig S. (Santa Monica, CA); Hoffman, Edward J. (Los Angeles, CA)
Ex-Situ High Resolution NMR and MRI - Lawrence Berkeley ...
Alexander Pines and colleagues have opened the way to high resolution ex situ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Acquisition Conflict Resolution
Acquisition Conflict Resolution At the option of the Supplier, a concern may be brought to the Ombuds Office or may be taken to the Internal Conflict Resolution Process
After eight months of continuous observations, the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) mapped the entire sky at 3.4 {mu}m, 4.6 {mu}m, 12 {mu}m, and 22 {mu}m. We have begun a dedicated WISE High Resolution Galaxy Atlas project to fully characterize large, nearby galaxies and produce a legacy image atlas and source catalog. Here we summarize the deconvolution techniques used to significantly improve the spatial resolution of WISE imaging, specifically designed to study the internal anatomy of nearby galaxies. As a case study, we present results for the galaxy NGC 1566, comparing the WISE enhanced-resolution image processing to that of Spitzer, Galaxy Evolution Explorer, and ground-based imaging. This is the first paper in a two-part series; results for a larger sample of nearby galaxies are presented in the second paper.
Jarrett, T. H.; Masci, F.; Tsai, C. W.; Fowler, J. [Infrared Processing and Analysis Center (IPAC), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Petty, S.; Lake, S.; Wright, E. [Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095 (United States); Cluver, M. [Australian Astronomical Observatory, P.O. Box 296, Epping, NSW 1710 (Australia); Assef, Roberto J.; Eisenhardt, P. [Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Mail Stop 169-221, Pasadena, CA 91109 (United States); Benford, D. [NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Code 665, Greenbelt, MD 20771 (United States); Blain, A. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, LE1 7RH Leicester (United Kingdom); Bridge, C.; Neill, James D. [Department of Astronomy, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Donoso, E. [Spitzer Science Center, IPAC, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125 (United States); Koribalski, B. [CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Australia Telescope National Facility (ATNF), P.O. Box 76, Epping, NSW 1710 (Australia); Seibert, M. [Observatories of the Carnegie Insititution for Science, 813 Santa Barbara Street, Pasadena, CA 91101 (United States); Sheth, K. [NASA Postdoctoral Program Fellow. (United States); Stanford, S., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616 (United States)
Quantum Imaging: Enhanced Image Formation Using Quantum States of Light
Quantum Imaging: Enhanced Image Formation Using Quantum States of Light Robert W. Boyd, Kam Wai, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA ABSTRACT We review recent research in the field of quantum imaging. Quantum imaging deals with the formation of images that possess higher resolution or better
Boyd, Robert W.
Near-Electrode Imager
An apparatus, near-electrode imager, for employing nuclear magnetic resonance imaging to provide in situ measurements of electrochemical properties of a sample as a function of distance from a working electrode. The near-electrode imager use the radio frequency field gradient within a cylindrical toroid cavity resonator to provide high-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectral information on electrolyte materials.
Rathke, Jerome W.; Klingler, Robert J.; Woelk, Klaus; Gerald, Rex E.,II
Acceleration methods for image super-resolution
, Atlanta, GA, USA (2000) 4349 18. Franchi, D., Belardinelli, A., Palagi, G., Ripoli, A., Bedini, R.: New
Cooperstock, Jeremy R.
Inverse Kriging to Enhance Spatial Resolution of Imagery
We describe a unique approach to image resolution enhancement, inverse kriging (IK), which takes advantage of the spatial relationship between high- and low-resolution images within an area of overlap. Once established, this mathematical relationship then can be applied across the entire low-resolution image to significantly sharpen the image. The mathematical relationship uses the spatial correlations within the low-resolution image and between the low and high spatial-resolution imagery. Two of the most important requirements of the technique are that the images be co-registered well within the resolution of the larger pixels and that the spatial structure of the training area (where the spatial correlation statistics are compared) is similar to the structure of the remaining image area where it will be applied. Testing was performed using same-sensor and multi-sensor imagery. We show results that indicate that the method does improve the low spatial-resolution imagery. The selection of a training area spatial structure similar to the area being processed is important, as areas with different spatial structure (e.g., vegetation versus buildings and roads) will produce poor results. Comparisons with bilinear interpolation demonstrate that IK could be used as an improved interpolation tool, for example, in the image-registration process.
Petrie, Gregg M. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Heasler, Patrick G. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Perry, Eileen M. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Thompson, Sandra E. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB)); Daly, Don S. (BATTELLE (PACIFIC NW LAB))
Seasonal Variations of the Urban Heat Island at the Surface and the Near-Surface and Reductions due to Urban Vegetation in Mexico City
The contrast of vegetation cover in urban and surrounding areas modulates the magnitude of the urban heat island (UHI). This paper examines the seasonal variations of the UHI using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), surface ...
Yu Yan Cui; Benjamin de Foy
A Study of the Characteristics and Assimilation of Retrieved MODIS Total Precipitable Water Data in Severe Weather Simulations
This study determined the accuracy and biases associated with retrieved Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) total precipitable water (TPW) data, and it investigated the impact of these data on severe weather simulations using ...
Shu-Hua Chen; Zhan Zhao; Jennifer S. Haase; Aidong Chen; Francois Vandenberghe
Comparing Ship-Track Droplet Sizes Inferred from Terra and Aqua MODIS Data
In this study of ship tracks, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements from late-morning (Terra) and early-afternoon (Aqua) Earth Observing System platforms are analyzed in five separate geographically distributed cases ...
Burcu Kabatas; W. Paul Menzel; Ata Bilgili; Liam E. Gumley
Boundary Layer Depth, Entrainment, and Decoupling in the Cloud-Capped Subtropical and Tropical Marine Boundary Layer
Estimates of marine boundary layer (MBL) depth and degree of decoupling for two regions of the subtropical and tropical east Pacific are presented using satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the ...
Robert Wood; Christopher S. Bretherton
Assimilating MODIS and AMSR-E Snow Observations in a Snow Evolution Model
In this paper four simple computationally inexpensive, direct insertion data assimilation schemes are presented, and evaluated, to assimilate Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover, which is a binary observation, and ...
Steven J. Fletcher; Glen E. Liston; Christopher A. Hiemstra; Steven D. Miller
Multilayer Cloud Detection with the MODIS Near-Infrared Water Vapor Absorption Band
Data Collection 5 processing for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Terra and Aqua spacecraft includes an algorithm for detecting multilayered clouds in daytime. The main ...
Galina Wind; Steven Platnick; Michael D. King; Paul A. Hubanks; Michael J. Pavolonis; Andrew K. Heidinger; Ping Yang; Bryan A. Baum
The Relationship of the Terra MODIS Fire Product and Anthropogenic Features in the Central Siberian Landscape
Fires are a common occurrence in the Siberian boreal forest. The thermal anomalies product of the Terra/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) product suite is designed to detect thermal anomalies (i.e., hotspots or fires) on the ...
Katalin Kovacs; K. Jon Ranson; Guoqing Sun; Vlacheslav I. Kharuk
Evaluating Cloud Contamination in Clear-Sky MODIS Terra Daytime Land Surface Temperatures Using Ground-Based Meteorology Station Observations
Environment Canada meteorological station hourly sampled air temperatures Tair at four stations in the southwest Yukon were used to identify cloud contamination in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra clear-sky daytime ...
Scott N. Williamson; David S. Hik; John A. Gamon; Jeffrey L. Kavanaugh; Saewan Koh
Relating Satellite-Observed Cloud Properties from MODIS to Meteorological Conditions for Marine Boundary Layer Clouds
This study examines 6 yr of cloud properties observed by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA Terra satellite in five prominent marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud regions (California, Peru, Canary, Angola, ...
Guang J. Zhang; Andrew M. Vogelmann; Michael P. Jensen; William D. Collins; Edward P. Luke
An Artificial Neural Network model to reduce false alarms in satellite precipitation products using MODIS and CloudSat observations
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer (MODIS) instrument aboard the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua and Terra platform with 36 spectral bands provides valuable information about cloud microphysical characteristics and therefore ...
Nasrin Nasrollahi; Kuolin Hsu; Soroosh Sorooshian
Mountain Wave Signatures in MODIS 6.7-?m Imagery and Their Relation to Pilot Reports of Turbulence
A technique for nowcasting turbulent mountain waves over the Front Range of the state of Colorado is investigated using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) water vapor (6.7 ?m) channel imagery. Pilot reports of turbulence were ...
N. L. Uhlenbrock; K. M. Bedka; W. F. Feltz; S. A. Ackerman
Cloud Detection with MODIS. Part II: Validation
An assessment of the performance of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud mask algorithm for Terra and Aqua satellites is presented. The MODIS cloud mask algorithm output is compared with lidar observations from ground [...
S. A. Ackerman; R. E. Holz; R. Frey; E. W. Eloranta; B. C. Maddux; M. McGill
Evaluation of a MODIS-Based Potential Evapotranspiration Product at the Point Scale
This paper outlines the development of a continuous, daily time series of potential evapotranspiration (PET) using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor data from the Terra satellite platform. The approach is based on the ...
Jongyoun Kim; Terri S. Hogue
Assessment of the Quality of MODIS Cloud Products from Radiance Simulations
Observations made by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), the Cloud�Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), and CloudSat are synergistically used to ...
Seung-Hee Ham; Byung-Ju Sohn; Ping Yang; Bryan A. Baum
An Observational and Modeling Study of Characteristics of Urban Heat Island and Boundary Layer Structures in Beijing
In this paper, the characteristics of urban heat island (UHI) and boundary layer structures in the Beijing area, China, are analyzed using conventional and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations. The Weather Research ...
Shiguang Miao; Fei Chen; Margaret A. LeMone; Mukul Tewari; Qingchun Li; Yingchun Wang
MODIS Observations of Ship Tracks in Summertime Stratus off the West Coast of the United States
Three years of 1-km Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations for morning (Terra) and afternoon (Aqua) summertime marine stratus off the west coast of the United States were analyzed to determine the response of the ...
Matthew S. Segrin; James A. Coakley Jr.; William R. Tahnk
On the Annual Cycle, Variability, and Correlations of Oceanic Low-Topped Clouds with Large-Scale Circulation Using Aqua MODIS and ERA-Interim
Eight years of Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) level-3 cloud data in conjunction with collocated Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis are used to investigate relationships between isolated low-topped cloud fraction (LCF) and ...
Terence L. Kubar; Duane E. Waliser; J.-L. Li; Xianan Jiang
A decadal satellite analysis of the origins and impacts of smoke in Colorado
We analyze the record of aerosol optical depth (AOD) measured by the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard the Terra satellite in combination with surface PM[subscript 2.5] to investigate the impact ...
Val Martin, M.
Model Assessment of the Ability of MODIS to Measure Top-of-Atmosphere Direct Radiative Forcing from Smoke Aerosols
The new generation of satellite sensors such as the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) will be able to detect and characterize global aerosols with an unprecedented accuracy. The question remains whether this accuracy will be ...
Lorraine A. Remer; Yoram J. Kaufman; Zev Levin; Steven Ghan
Spatial Variability of Liquid Water Path in Marine Low Cloud: The Importance of Mesoscale Cellular Convection
Liquid water path (LWP) mesoscale spatial variability in marine low cloud over the eastern subtropical oceans is examined using two months of daytime retrievals from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on the NASA Terra ...
Robert Wood; Dennis L. Hartmann
Terrestrial Vegetation Dynamics and Global Climate Controls in North America: 2001�05
Monthly composite data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite sensor was used to reconstruct vegetation dynamics in response to climate patterns over the period 2001�05 for North America. Results imply that plant ...
Christopher Potter; Shyam Boriah; Michael Steinbach; Vipin Kumar; Steven Klooster
Time Series of Daily Averaged Cloud Fractions over Landfast First-Year Sea Ice from Multiple Data Sources
The time series of daily averaged cloud fractions (CFs) collected from different platforms�two Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on Terra and Aqua satellites, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)...
Xin Jin; John M. Hanesiak; David G. Barber
MODIS-Derived Boundary Conditions for a Mesoscale Climate Model: Application to Irrigated Agriculture in the Euphrates Basin
In arid and semiarid parts of the world, evaporation from irrigated fields may significantly influence humidity, near-surface winds, and precipitation. Using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra imagery from summer and ...
Benjamin F. Zaitchik; Jason Evans; Ronald B. Smith
MODIS Cloud-Top Property Refinements for Collection 6
This paper summarizes the Collection-6 refinements in the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) operational cloud-top properties algorithm. The focus is on calibration improvements and on cloud macrophysical properties including ...
Bryan A. Baum; W. Paul Menzel; Richard A. Frey; David C. Tobin; Robert E. Holz; Steve A. Ackerman; Andrew K. Heidinger; Ping Yang
Droplet Growth in Warm Water Clouds Observed by the A-Train. Part II: A Multisensor View
Hydrometeor droplet growth processes are inferred from a combination of Aqua/Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud particle size observations and CloudSat/Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) observations of warm water clouds. This ...
Takashi Y. Nakajima; Kentaroh Suzuki; Graeme L. Stephens
Retrieval of Cirrus Microphysical Properties with a Suite of Algorithms for Airborne and Spaceborne Lidar, Radar, and Radiometer Data
Algorithms are developed to convert data streams from multiple airborne and spaceborne remote sensors into layer-averaged cirrus bulk microphysical properties. Radiometers such as the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observe ...
Yuying Zhang; Gerald G. Mace
Application of CALIOP Measurements to the Evaluation of Cloud Phase Derived from MODIS Infrared Channels
In this study, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) infrared-based cloud thermodynamic phase retrievals are evaluated using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) retrievals for the 6 months from January to ...
Hyoun-Myoung Cho; Shaima L. Nasiri; Ping Yang
A Study of Air Quality in the Southeastern Hampton�Norfolk�Virginia Beach Region with Airborne Lidar Measurements and MODIS Aerosol Optical Depth Retrievals
A study of air quality was performed using a compact, aircraft aerosol lidar designed in the Science Directorate at NASA Langley Research Center and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals. ...
Jasper Lewis; Russell De Young; D. Allen Chu
Variations in Subpixel Fire Properties with Season and Land Cover in Southern Africa
Some of the most widely used datasets for monitoring the world�s fires come from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors aboard NASA�s Terra and Aqua satellites. For virtually all remote sensing systems, including MODIS, ...
Ted C. Eckmann; Christopher J. Still; Dar A. Roberts; Joel C. Michaelsen
Evaluation of MODIS gross primary productivity and land cover products for the humid tropics using oil palm trees in Peninsular Malaysia and Google Earth imagery
Conducting quantitative studies on the carbon balance or productivity of oil palm is important in understanding the role of this ecosystem in global climate change. In this study, we evaluated the accuracy of MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ...
Arthur Philip Cracknell, Kasturi Devi Kanniah, Kian Pang Tan, Lei Wang
Use of Remotely Sensed Actual Evapotranspiration to Improve Rainfall�Runoff Modeling in Southeast Australia
This paper explores the use of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), mounted on the polar-orbiting Terra satellite, to determine leaf area index (LAI), and use actual evapotranspiration estimated using MODIS LAI data combined ...
Yongqiang Zhang; Francis H. S. Chiew; Lu Zhang; Hongxia Li
Test of the Fixed Anvil Temperature Hypothesis
The fixed anvil temperature (FAT) hypothesis is examined based on the Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-based cloud-top temperature (CTT) in conjunction with the tropical atmospheric profiles and sea surface temperature (...
Yue Li; Ping Yang; Gerald R. North; Andrew Dessler
Next-Generation MODIS for Polar Operational Environmental Satellites
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) protoflight model has been delivered to the NASA Earth Observing System AM-1 platform project to provide highly calibrated, near daily, global atmosphere, land, and ocean observation in 36 ...
Carl F. Schueler; William L. Barnes
Boundary Layer and Cloud Structure Controls on Tropical Low Cloud Cover Using A-Train Satellite Data and ECMWF Analyses
The Cloud�Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO), CloudSat radar, and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud data on the A-Train constellation complemented with the European Centre for ...
Terence L. Kubar; Duane E. Waliser; J-L. Li
Using Air Temperature to Quantitatively Predict the MODIS Fractional Snow Cover Retrieval Errors over the Continental US (CONUS)
Understanding and quantifying satellite-based remotely sensed snow cover uncertainty are critical for its successful utilization. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow cover errors have been previously recognized to be ...
Jiarui Dong; Mike Ek; Dorothy Hall; Christa Peters-Lidard; Brian Cosgrove; Jeff Miller; George Riggs; Youlong Xia
Saharan Dust Aerosol Radiative Forcing Measured from Space
This study uses data collected from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments to determine Saharan dust broadband shortwave aerosol radiative forcing over ...
F. Li; A. M. Vogelmann; V. Ramanathan
Biogeography of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests. Part I: Remote Sensing of Cloud-Base Heights
Cloud-base heights over tropical montane cloud forests are determined using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products and National Centers for Environmental Prediction global tropospheric final analysis (FNL) fields. ...
Ronald M. Welch; Salvi Asefi; Jian Zeng; Udaysankar S. Nair; Qingyuan Han; Robert O. Lawton; Deepak K. Ray; Vani Starry Manoharan
Updating a Land Surface Model with MODIS-Derived Snow Cover
A simple scheme for updating snow-water storage in a land surface model using snow cover observations is presented. The scheme makes use of snow cover observations retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard ...
M. Rodell; P. R. Houser
New Vegetation Albedo Parameters and Global Fields of Soil Background Albedo Derived from MODIS for Use in a Climate Model
New values are derived for snow-free albedo of five plant functional types (PFTs) and the soil/litter substrate from data acquired by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensors on board Terra and Aqua. The derived albedo ...
Caroline J. Houldcroft; William M. F. Grey; Mike Barnsley; Christopher M. Taylor; Sietse O. Los; Peter R. J. North
Radiance Comparisons of MODIS and AIRS Using Spatial Response Information
The combination of multiple satellite instruments on a pixel-by-pixel basis is a difficult task, even for instruments collocated in space and time, such as the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ...
M. M. Schreier; B. H. Kahn; A. Eldering; D. A. Elliott; E. Fishbein; F. W. Irion; T. S. Pagano
A Satellite-Derived Climate-Quality Data Record of the Clear-Sky Surface Temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet
The authors have developed a climate-quality data record of the clear-sky surface temperature of the Greenland Ice Sheet using the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ice-surface temperature (IST) algorithm. Daily and monthly ...
Dorothy K. Hall; Josefino C. Comiso; Nicolo E. DiGirolamo; Christopher A. Shuman; Jeffrey R. Key; Lora S. Koenig
Dendritic Patterns in Tropical Cumulus: An Observational Analysis
An observational analysis of the structure and synoptic setting of tropical dendritic cumulus formations was undertaken using 30 months of global data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aboard the National Aeronautics and ...
Stephen D. Nicholls; George S. Young
Synergistic Use of MODIS and AIRS in a Variational Retrieval of Cloud Parameters
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements from the Earth Observing System's (EOS's) Aqua satellite enable global monitoring of the distribution of clouds. MODIS is able to ...
Jun Li; W. Paul Menzel; Wenjian Zhang; Fengying Sun; Timothy J. Schmit; James J. Gurka; Elisabeth Weisz
Comparing MODIS and AIRS Infrared-Based Cloud Retrievals
Comparisons are described for infrared-derived cloud products retrieved from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) using measured spatial response functions obtained from prelaunch ...
Shaima L. Nasiri; H. Van T. Dang; Brian H. Kahn; Eric J. Fetzer; Evan M. Manning; Mathias M. Schreier; Richard A. Frey
AIRS Subpixel Cloud Characterization Using MODIS Cloud Products
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements from the Earth Observing System's (EOS's) Aqua satellite enable improved global monitoring of the distribution of clouds. MODIS is ...
Jun Li; W. Paul Menzel; Fengying Sun; Timothy J. Schmit; James Gurka
Retrieval of Cloud Microphysical Properties from MODIS and AIRS
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) measurements from the NASA Earth Observing System Aqua satellite enable global monitoring of the distribution of clouds during day and night. ...
Jun Li; Hung-Lung Huang; Chian-Yi Liu; Ping Yang; Timothy J. Schmit; Heli Wei; Elisabeth Weisz; Li Guan; W. Paul Menzel
Diagnosis of the Warm Rain Process in Cloud-Resolving Models Using Joint CloudSat and MODIS Observations
This study examines the warm rain formation process in global and regional cloud-resolving models. Methodologies developed to analyze CloudSat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations are employed to ...
Kentaroh Suzuki; Graeme L. Stephens; Susan C. van den Heever; Takashi Y. Nakajima
Particle Growth and Drop Collection Efficiency of Warm Clouds as Inferred from Joint CloudSat and MODIS Observations
This study describes an approach for combining CloudSat and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite observations to investigate the microphysical processes of warm clouds on the global scale. MODIS column optical thickness ...
Kentaroh Suzuki; Takashi Y. Nakajima; Graeme L. Stephens
Why Is Remote Sensing of Amazon Forest Greenness So Challenging?
The prevalence of clouds and aerosols and their impact on satellite-measured greenness levels of forests in southern and central Amazonia are explored in this article using 10 years of NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) ...
Arindam Samanta; Sangram Ganguly; Eric Vermote; Ramakrishna R. Nemani; Ranga B. Myneni
Integrating Remote Sensing Data with WRF for Improved Simulations of Oasis Effects on Local Weather Processes over an Arid Region in Northwestern China
Land use/cover types derived by satellite remote sensing data from the Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) were used to replace the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) data in the Weather Research and Forecasting ...
Xiaohang Wen; Shihua Lu; Jiming Jin
Satellite-Based Imagery Techniques for Daytime Cloud/Snow Delineation from MODIS
This paper presents two multispectral enhancement techniques for distinguishing between regions of cloud and snow cover using optical spectrum passive radiometer satellite observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)...
Steven D. Miller; Thomas F. Lee; Robert L. Fennimore
Arctic Cloud Characteristics as Derived from MODIS, CALIPSO, and CloudSat
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), Cloud�Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP), and CloudSat Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR) set of sensors, all in the Afternoon Constellation (A-Train), has been regarded as among ...
Mark Aaron Chan; Josefino C. Comiso
Direct Insertion of MODIS Radiances in a Global Aerosol Transport Model
In this paper results are presented from a simple offline assimilation system that uses radiances from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) channels that sense atmospheric aerosols over land and ocean. The MODIS information ...
Clark Weaver; Arlindo da Silva; Mian Chin; Paul Ginoux; Oleg Dubovik; Dave Flittner; Aahmad Zia; Lorraine Remer; Brent Holben; Watson Gregg
Assessment of Aerosol Modes Used in the MODIS Ocean Aerosol Retrieval
Coastal and island Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites are used to determine characteristic aerosol modes over marine environments. They are compared with the assumed modes used in the operational Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (...
Jiacheng Wang; Qiang Zhao; Shengcheng Cui; Chengjie Zhu
Solid-State Radiometer Measurements of Sea Surface Skin Temperature
Satellite sea surface skin temperature (SSST) maps are readily available from precisely calibrated radiometer systems such as the ERS along-track scanning radiometer and, in the near future, from the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer. ...
C. J. Donlon; S. J. Keogh; D. J. Baldwin; I. S. Robinson; I. Ridley; T. Sheasby; I. J. Barton; E. F. Bradley; T. J. Nightingale; W. Emery
Terrestrial Carbon Sinks for the United States Predicted from MODIS Satellite Data and Ecosystem Modeling
A simulation model based on satellite observations of monthly vegetation cover from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) was used to estimate monthly carbon fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems of the conterminous United States ...
Christopher Potter; Steven Klooster; Alfredo Huete; Vanessa Genovese
Radiative and Convective Driving of Tropical High Clouds
Using satellite cloud data from the Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and collocated precipitation rates from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR), it is shown that rain rate is closely related to the amount ...
Terence L. Kubar; Dennis L. Hartmann; Robert Wood
Seismic Imaging and Monitoring
I give an overview of LANL's capability in seismic imaging and monitoring. I present some seismic imaging and monitoring results, including imaging of complex structures, subsalt imaging of Gulf of Mexico, fault/fracture zone imaging for geothermal exploration at the Jemez pueblo, time-lapse imaging of a walkway vertical seismic profiling data for monitoring CO{sub 2} inject at SACROC, and microseismic event locations for monitoring CO{sub 2} injection at Aneth. These examples demonstrate LANL's high-resolution and high-fidelity seismic imaging and monitoring capabilities.
Huang, Lianjie [Los Alamos National Laboratory
High resolution x-ray microscope
The authors present x-ray images of grid meshes and biological material obtained using a microspot x-ray tube with a multilayer optic and a 92-element parabolic compound refractive lens (CRL) made of a plastic containing only hydrogen and carbon. Images obtained using this apparatus are compared with those using an area source with a spherical lens and a spherical lens with multilayer condenser. The authors found the best image quality using the multilayer condenser with a parabolic lens, compared to images with a spherical lens and without the multilayer optics. The resolution was measured using a 155-element parabolic CRL and a multilayer condenser with the microspot tube. The experiment demonstrates about 1.1 {mu}m resolution.
Gary, C. K.; Park, H.; Lombardo, L. W.; Piestrup, M. A.; Cremer, J. T.; Pantell, R. H.; Dudchik, Y. I. [Adelphi Technology, Inc. 981-B Industrial Road, San Carlos, California 94070 (United States); Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Institute of Applied Physics Problems, Kurchatova 7, Minsk 220064 (Belarus)
Instrument Series: Spectroscopy and Diffraction High Spatial Resolution
High Spatial Resolution High Spatial Resolution Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (NanoSIMS) EMSL's novel, new-generation ion microprobe extends high spatial resolution secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS) analysis to extremely small areas (down to 50 nm) and volumes while maintaining high sensitivity (e.g., ppm in element imaging) at high mass resolution. NanoSIMS can measure up to seven ions in parallel, offering perfect isotopic ratio results from the same small volume for perfect image superimposition. NanoSIMS can be used for enhanced imaging of cellular structures; simultaneous imaging of elements/isotopes on minerals and soft surfaces at the nanoscale; and imaging elements and isotopes of aerosols, nanoparticles, and organic and inorganic surfaces. Research Applications
Video image position determination
An optical beam position controller in which a video camera captures an image of the beam in its video frames, and conveys those images to a processing board which calculates the centroid coordinates for the image. The image coordinates are used by motor controllers and stepper motors to position the beam in a predetermined alignment. In one embodiment, system noise, used in conjunction with Bernoulli trials, yields higher resolution centroid coordinates.
Christensen, Wynn (Los Alamos, NM); Anderson, Forrest L. (Bernalillo, NM); Kortegaard, Birchard L. (Los Alamos, NM)
Imaging with Scattered Neutrons
We describe a novel experimental technique for neutron imaging with scattered neutrons. These scattered neutrons are of interest for condensed matter physics, because they permit to reveal the local distribution of incoherent and coherent scattering within a sample. In contrast to standard attenuation based imaging, scattered neutron imaging distinguishes between the scattering cross section and the total attenuation cross section including absorption. First successful low-noise millimeter-resolution images by scattered neutron radiography and tomography are presented.
H. Ballhausen; H. Abele; R. Gaehler; M. Trapp; A. Van Overberghe
a fair process that maximizes the opportunity for resolution. The Ombuds Office does not conduct official investigations. Note: Contacting the Ombuds Office does not automatically...
XFEL Materials Imaging at the LCLS CXI Endstation
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2013 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Characterization of Materials through High Resolution Coherent Imaging.
Imaging, Characterizing, and Modeling of Fracture Networks and...
Los Alamos National Laboratory Other Principal Investigators Grant Bromhal, National Energy Technology Laboratory Targets Milestones - Improve image resolution for fracture...
Highest-Resolution Ribosome Structure
Highest-Resolution Ribosome Structure Print Highest-Resolution Ribosome Structure Print The last step in converting the genetic information stored in DNA into the major functional parts of cells is protein biosynthesis. Protein synthesis occurs on the ribosome, a cellular factory found in all forms of life. In contrast to most cellular machines, the ribosome contains a functional core of RNA that is enhanced by ribosomal proteins and accessory factors. Two structures of the intact ribosome from the common bacterium Escherichia coli, determined by a Berkeley-Berlin collaboration to a resolution of 3.5 Å, the highest yet achieved, provide many new insights into how the ribosome factory works. Ribosomes Ready for Extreme Close-Up In 1999, the first structure of the intact ribosome-a very large, asymmetric protein that is difficult to crystallize-was solved by x-ray crystallography at the ALS (see "Solving the Ribosome Puzzle"). Since then, scientists have developed quite an extensive photo gallery of ribosomes from various organisms and in various configurations. More importantly, they have sharpened the focus significantly, going from a resolution of 7.8 Å in 1999, to 5.5 Å in 2001 (see "Zooming in on Ribosomes"), to an amazing 3.5 Å in this latest work. What was initially seen as fuzzy "fingers" of electron density can now be resolved into individual nucleotides in the RNA strands. Serendipitously, the crystals used in this particular study contained two versions of the ribosome, each one in a different "pose," allowing the researchers to compare the positions of the various parts and deduce how they work. With these sharper images, scientists are now better able to interpret previous data, test models, and develop new theories, both practical (how do antibiotics that target the ribosome work?) and theoretical (how much has the ribosome evolved from bacteria to human?). Stay tuned.
Space bounds for resolution
We introduce a new way to measure the space needed in a resolution refutation of a CNF formula in propositional logic. With the former definition [6] the space required for the resolution of any unsatisfiable formula in CNF is linear in the number of ...
Juan Luis Esteban; Jacobo Tor�n
Automatic image segmentation optimized by bilateral filtering
The object-based methodology is one of the most commonly used strategies for processing high spatial resolution images. A prerequisite to object-based image analysis is image segmentation, which is normally defined as the subdivision of an image into ... Keywords: bilateral filter, image segmentation, self-calibrating framework
Javier Sanchez; Estibaliz Martinez; Agueda Arquero; Diego Renza
Video Toroid Cavity Imager
A video toroid cavity imager for in situ measurement of electrochemical properties of an electrolytic material sample includes a cylindrical toroid cavity resonator containing the sample and employs NMR and video imaging for providing high-resolution spectral and visual information of molecular characteristics of the sample on a real-time basis. A large magnetic field is applied to the sample under controlled temperature and pressure conditions to simultaneously provide NMR spectroscopy and video imaging capabilities for investigating electrochemical transformations of materials or the evolution of long-range molecular aggregation during cooling of hydrocarbon melts. The video toroid cavity imager includes a miniature commercial video camera with an adjustable lens, a modified compression coin cell imager with a fiat circular principal detector element, and a sample mounted on a transparent circular glass disk, and provides NMR information as well as a video image of a sample, such as a polymer film, with micrometer resolution.
Gerald, Rex E. II; Sanchez, Jairo; Rathke, Jerome W.
Radiology utilizing a gas multiwire detector with resolution enhancement
This invention relates to a process and apparatus for obtaining filmless, radiological, digital images utilizing a gas multiwire detector. Resolution is enhanced through projection geometry. This invention further relates to imaging systems for X-ray examination of patients or objects, and is particularly suited for mammography.
Majewski, Stanislaw (Grafton, VA); Majewski, Lucasz A. (Grafton, VA)
High resolution electron crystallography of protein molecules
Electron diffraction data and high resolution images can now be used to obtain accurate, three-dimensional density maps of biological macromolecules. These density maps can be interpreted by building an atomic-resolution model of the structure into the experimental density. The Cowley-Moodie formalism of dynamical diffraction theory has been used to validate the use of kinematic diffraction theory, strictly the weak phase object approximation, in producing such 3-D density maps. Further improvements in the preparation of very flat specimens and in the retention of diffraction to a resolution of 0.2 nm or better could result in electron crystallography becoming as important a technique as x-ray crystallography currently is for the field of structural molecular biology.
Glaeser, R.M. [California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Molecular and Cell Biology]|[Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States); Downing, K.H. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States)
... Image Gallery : Image Details. 72 DPI Image 150 DPI Image No 300 DPI Version. Title: Frequency Comb, Ultrafast Laser. ...
... Image Gallery : Image Details. 72 DPI Image 150 DPI Image No 300 DPI Version. Title: Organic Solar Power. Description ...
... Image Gallery : Image Details. 72 DPI Image 150 DPI Image No 300 DPI Version. Title: Iron-Based Superconductors. Description ...
... Image Gallery : Image Details. 72 DPI Image 150 DPI Image No 300 DPI Version. Title: Space Weather Forecasts. Description ...
Imaging bolometer
Radiation-hard, steady-state imaging bolometer. A bolometer employing infrared (IR) imaging of a segmented-matrix absorber of plasma radiation in a cooled-pinhole camera geometry is described. The bolometer design parameters are determined by modeling the temperature of the foils from which the absorbing matrix is fabricated by using a two-dimensional time-dependent solution of the heat conduction equation. The resulting design will give a steady-state bolometry capability, with approximately 100 Hz time resolution, while simultaneously providing hundreds of channels of spatial information. No wiring harnesses will be required, as the temperature-rise data will be measured via an IR camera. The resulting spatial data may be used to tomographically investigate the profile of plasmas.
Wurden, Glen A. (Los Alamos, NM)
Radiation-hard, steady-state imaging bolometer is disclosed. A bolometer employing infrared (IR) imaging of a segmented-matrix absorber of plasma radiation in a cooled-pinhole camera geometry is described. The bolometer design parameters are determined by modeling the temperature of the foils from which the absorbing matrix is fabricated by using a two-dimensional time-dependent solution of the heat conduction equation. The resulting design will give a steady-state bolometry capability, with approximately 100 Hz time resolution, while simultaneously providing hundreds of channels of spatial information. No wiring harnesses will be required, as the temperature-rise data will be measured via an IR camera. The resulting spatial data may be used to tomographically investigate the profile of plasmas. 2 figs.
Wurden, G.A.
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Nanotechnology; Biotechnology/Health; Nanocrystals; Hwang. ...
High speed imaging television system
A television system for observing an event which provides a composite video output comprising the serially interlaced images the system is greater than the time resolution of any of the individual cameras.
Wilkinson, William O. (Silver Spring, MD); Rabenhorst, David W. (Silver Spring, MD)
New Spectroradiometers Complying with the NDSC Standards
The investigation of the effect of solar ultraviolet (UV) and visible radiation on biological organisms and photochemical reactions requires spectral measurements of the desired radiation parameters of high accuracy. The Network for the Detection ...
Sigrid Wuttke; Gunther Seckmeyer; Germar Bernhard; James Ehramjian; Richard McKenzie; Paul Johnston; Michael O'Neill
Pulse Analysis Spectroradiometer System (PASS) Software ...
Technology Marketing Summary Flashing artificial light sources are used extensively in photovoltaic module performance testing and plant production ...
High speed optical coherence microscopy with autofocus adjustment and a miniaturized endoscopic imaging probe
Optical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a promising technique for high resolution cellular imaging in human tissues. An OCM system for high-speed en face cellular resolution imaging was developed at 1060 nm wavelength at ...
Aguirre, Aaron Dominic
Particle detector spatial resolution
Method and apparatus for producing separated columns of scintillation layer material, for use in detection of X-rays and high energy charged particles with improved spatial resolution is disclosed. A pattern of ridges or projections is formed on one surface of a substrate layer or in a thin polyimide layer, and the scintillation layer is grown at controlled temperature and growth rate on the ridge-containing material. The scintillation material preferentially forms cylinders or columns, separated by gaps conforming to the pattern of ridges, and these columns direct most of the light produced in the scintillation layer along individual columns for subsequent detection in a photodiode layer. The gaps may be filled with a light-absorbing material to further enhance the spatial resolution of the particle detector. 12 figs.
Perez-Mendez, V.
High resolution data acquisition
A high resolution event interval timing system measures short time intervals such as occur in high energy physics or laser ranging. Timing is provided from a clock pulse train and analog circuitry for generating a triangular wave synchronously with the pulse train. The triangular wave has an amplitude and slope functionally related to the time elapsed during each clock pulse in the train. A converter forms a first digital value of the amplitude and slope of the triangle wave at the start of the event interval and a second digital value of the amplitude and slope of the triangle wave at the end of the event interval. A counter counts the clock pulse train during the interval to form a gross event interval time. A computer then combines the gross event interval time and the first and second digital values to output a high resolution value for the event interval.
Thornton, G.W.; Fuller, K.R.
Free resolutions of algebras.
Given an algebra A, presented by generators and relations, i.e. as a quotient of a tensor algebra by an ideal, we construct a free algebra resolution of A, i.e. a differential graded algebra which is quasi-isomorphic to A and which is itself a tensor algebra. The construction rests combinatorially on the set of bracketings that arise naturally in the description of a free contractible differential graded algebra with given generators.
Joe Chuang; Alastair King
The present invention generally relates to the control of video and optical information and, more specifically, to control systems utilizing video images to provide control. Accurate control of video images and laser beams is becoming increasingly important as the use of lasers for machine, medical and experimental processes escalates. In, AURORA, an installation at Los Alamos National Laboratory dedicated to laser fusion research, it is necessary to precisely control the path and angle of up to 96 lasers beams. This invention is comprised of an optical beam position controller in which a video camera captures an image of the beam in its video frames, and conveys those images to a processing board which calculates the centroid coordinates for the image. The image coordinates are used by motor controllers and stepper motors to position the beam in a predetermined alignment. In one embodiment, system noise, used in conjunction with Bernoulli trials, yields higher resolution centroid coordinates.
Christensen, W.; Anderson, F.L.; Kortegaard, B.L.
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Scanning Electron Microscope with Spin Polarization Analysis. ...
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Quantum Physics; Quantum Communications; Ultrafast Photon Detector; Nam. ...
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Metrology, Basic Units; Mass; Electronic Kilogram. Description ...
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Energy; Fossil Fuels;Distillation Curves for Complex Fuel Mixtures. ...
... nist.gov. 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Public safety & Smart Grid. Description: Electrical engineer ...
High resolution time interval meter
Method and apparatus are provided for measuring the time interval between two events to a higher resolution than reliability available from conventional circuits and component. An internal clock pulse is provided at a frequency compatible with conventional component operating frequencies for reliable operation. Lumped constant delay circuits are provided for generating outputs at delay intervals corresponding to the desired high resolution. An initiation START pulse is input to generate first high resolution data. A termination STOP pulse is input to generate second high resolution data. Internal counters count at the low frequency internal clock pulse rate between the START and STOP pulses. The first and second high resolution data are logically combined to directly provide high resolution data to one counter and correct the count in the low resolution counter to obtain a high resolution time interval measurement.
Martin, A.D.
... Image Gallery : Image Details. 72 DPI Image No 150 DPI Version 300 DPI Image. Title: Ultrafast Laser Speeds Up Quest for Atomic Control. ...
... Image Gallery : Image Details. 72 DPI Image 150 DPI Image No 300 DPI Version. Title: House; Trees. Description: *BFRL. Subjects (names): ...
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: New Imaging Tool is Boon to Fuel Cell Research. Description: NIST ...
Bayesian Image Analysis and the Disaggregation of Rainfall
The applicability of meteorological general circulation models (GCMs) is limited by their spatial resolution. In this paper, a method is developed for improving the resolution of GCM-generated rainfall fields, using ideas from Bayesian image ...
R. E. Chandler; N. G. Mackay; H. S. Wheater; C. Onof
Multispectral and panchromatic images fusion by adaptive PCNN
As for low resolution of remote sensing images, a novel image fusion algorithm by adaptive PCNN was proposed. The multi-spectral image is firstly converted from RGB to l?? color space. Then, the input images are adaptively decomposed ... Keywords: adaptive parameter setting, color space conversation, image fusion, pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN)
Yong Li; Ke Wang; Da-ke Chen
Browse and Search Patterns in a Digital Image Database
A prototype image retrieval system with browse and search capabilities was developed to investigate patterns of searching a collection of digital visual images, as well as factors, such as image size, resolution, and download speed, which affect browsing. The ... Keywords: browsing, digital images, image retrieval, user studies
C. Olivia Frost; Bradley Taylor; Anna Noakes; Stephen Markel; Deborah Torres; Karen M. Drabenstott
Sky View Factors from High-Resolution Scanned Fish-eye Lens Photographic Negatives
A computerized method for calculating the sky view factor from fish-eye lens photographic negatives is presented. The images are scanned and stored on CD ROM, each CD holding 100 images. The images can be retrieved at very high resolutions of up ...
Kristina Blennow
Enhanced Video Surveillance (EVS) with speckle imaging
Enhanced Video Surveillance (EVS) with Speckle Imaging is a high-resolution imaging system that substantially improves resolution and contrast in images acquired over long distances. This technology will increase image resolution up to an order of magnitude or greater for video surveillance systems. The system's hardware components are all commercially available and consist of a telescope or large-aperture lens assembly, a high-performance digital camera, and a personal computer. The system's software, developed at LLNL, extends standard speckle-image-processing methods (used in the astronomical community) to solve the atmospheric blurring problem associated with imaging over medium to long distances (hundreds of meters to tens of kilometers) through horizontal or slant-path turbulence. This novel imaging technology will not only enhance national security but also will benefit law enforcement, security contractors, and any private or public entity that uses video surveillance to protect their assets.
Carrano, C J
Y High-Resolution
Y Y High-Resolution . __ DO NOT M I C PET COVER for medical science studies Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California September 1989 DlSTRlBUTlGN OF THIS DOCUMENT IS U#LIIY/ITEE Acknowledgments This booklet was prepared under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Health Effects Research, the National Institutes of Health, and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Research Medicine and Radiation Biophysics Division. We thank Sarah Cahn and Douglas Vaughan for coordination of this booklet. esolution PET for Medical Science Studies Thomas F. Budinger Stephen E. Derenzo Ronald H. Huesman William J. Jagust Peter E. Valk CONTENTS A PET Primer Positron Emission Tomography: Evolution of a Technology 7 PET Theory: Emission, Detection, and Reconstruction
New imaging technique provides improved insight into controlling...
Phone: 609-243-2755 Download Select and View High Resolution Images to Download Learn More Fusion energy Fusion reactor design ITER Nuclear energy Plasma diagnostics Tokamaks...
Phone: 609-243-2755 Download Select and View High Resolution Images to Download Learn More Fusion energy Fusion reactor design ITER Nuclear energy Plasma diagnostics Plasma physics...
The Molecular Foundry - Imaging and Manipulation of Nanostructures...
Fiore, R. Cingolani, L. Manna, R. Krahne, "Probe tips functionalized with colloidal nanocrystal tetrapods for high resolution atomic force microscopy imaging", Small, 4, 2123-2126...
Definition: Hyperspectral Imaging | Open Energy Information
Imaging Imaging Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Hyperspectral Imaging Hyperspectral sensors collect data across a wide range of the spectrum (VNIR-LWIR, plus TIR) at small spectral resolution (5-15 nm) and high spatial resolution (1-5 m). This allows detailed spectral signatures to be identified for different imaged materials - for example hyperspectral imaging can be used to identify specific clay minerals; multispectral imaging can identify only the presence of clay minerals in general. View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Hyperspectral imaging, like other spectral imaging, collects and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum. Much as the human eye sees visible light in three bands (red, green, and blue), spectral imaging divides the spectrum into many more bands. This technique
Applications of Fourier Domain Mode Locked lasers for optical coherence tomography imaging
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a micrometer-resolution imaging technique that produces cross-sectional images of sample microstructure by measuring the amplitude and echo time delay of backscattered light. OCT imaging ...
Adler, Desmond Christopher, 1978-
High-Resolution Field Effect Sensing of Ferroelectric Charges
Nanoscale manipulation of surface charges and their imaging are essential for understanding local electronic behaviors of polar materials and advanced electronic devices. Electrostatic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy have been extensively used to probe and image local surface charges responsible for electrodynamics and transport phenomena. However, they rely on the weak electric force modulation of cantilever that limits both spatial and temporal resolutions. Here we present a field effect transistor embedded probe that can directly image surface charges on a length scale of 25 nm and a time scale of less than 125 {micro}s. On the basis of the calculation of net surface charges in a 25 nm diameter ferroelectric domain, we could estimate the charge density resolution to be as low as 0.08 {micro}C/cm{sup 2}, which is equivalent to 1/20 electron per nanometer square at room temperature.
Ko, Hyoungsoo [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Ryu, Kyunghee [Kookmin University; Park, Hongsik [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Park, Chulmin [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Jeon, Daeyoung [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Kim, Yong Kwan [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Jung, Juhwan [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Min, Dong-Ki [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Kim, Yunseok [Max-Planck-Institut fur Mikrostrukturphysik, Germany; Lee, Ho Nyung [ORNL; Park, Yoondong [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea; Shin, Hyunjung [Kookmin University; Hong, Seungbum [Samsung Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Filtering, Sampling, and Information Content within Satellite-Derived Multispectral or Mixed-Resolution Imagery
The importance of an �alias-free imaging� approach to multidimensional �sounder� instrumentation is highlighted, together with its potential for improving noise-equivalent differential temperature and spatial resolution over current designs. ...
A. C. L. Lee
Super-resolution wide-field optical microscopy by use of Evanescent standing waves
The development of high resolution, high speed imaging techniques allows the study of dynamical processes in biological systems. Optical fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool for investigations in many disciplines ...
Chung, Euiheon
Precipitable Water Estimation from High-Resolution Split Window Radiance Measurements
A technique that uses the spatial variance of image brightness temperature to derive total column Precipitable water is applied to high-resolution multispectral aircraft scanner data for the 19 June 1986 COHMEX day. The technique has several ...
Gary J. Jedlovec
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Homeland Security; Chem., Bio, and Other Threats; Standards for Radiation Detection. ...
... 72 DPI Image � 150 DPI Image � 300 DPI Image �. Title: Iron-based and Copper-Oxide High-Temperature Superconductors. ...
... Image Gallery : Image Details. No 72 DPI Version No 150 DPI Version 300 DPI Image. Title: Gold Nano Anchors Put Nanowires in Their Place. ...
Speckle-free laser imaging
Many imaging applications require increasingly bright illumination sources, motivating the replacement of conventional thermal light sources with light emitting diodes (LEDs), superluminescent diodes (SLDs) and lasers. Despite their brightness, lasers and SLDs are poorly suited for full-field imaging applications because their high spatial coherence leads to coherent artifacts known as speckle that corrupt image formation. We recently demonstrated that random lasers can be engineered to provide low spatial coherence. Here, we exploit the low spatial coherence of specifically-designed random lasers to perform speckle-free full-field imaging in the setting of significant optical scattering. We quantitatively demonstrate that images generated with random laser illumination exhibit higher resolution than images generated with spatially coherent illumination. By providing intense laser illumination without the drawback of coherent artifacts, random lasers are well suited for a host of full-field imaging applicatio...
Redding, Brandon; Cao, Hui
Estimating Oceanic Turbulence Dissipation from Seismic Images
Seismic images of oceanic thermohaline finestructure record vertical displacements from internal waves and turbulence over large sections at unprecedented horizontal resolution. Where reflections follow isopycnals, their displacements can be used ...
W. Steven Holbrook; Ilker Fer; Raymond W. Schmitt; Daniel Lizarralde; Jody M. Klymak; L. Cody Helfrich; Robert Kubichek
Multispectral Imaging At Teels Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) | Open
Teels Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Teels Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Multispectral Imaging At Teels Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Exploration Activity Details Location Teels Marsh Area Exploration Technique Multispectral Imaging Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Kratt et al. (2006) demonstrate the effectiveness of using a field-portable ASD Fieldspec spectroradiometer and satellite-based Advanced Spaceborne Thermal and emitted Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) imagery for mapping borate minerals in the field. Borate crusts that were partially mined during the 1800s were identified and mapped at Rhodes, Teels, and Columbus Marshes (playas), all in western Nevada (Figure 1).
Multispectral Imaging At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008)
Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Multispectral Imaging At Columbus Salt Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Exploration Activity Details Location Columbus Salt Marsh Area Exploration Technique Multispectral Imaging Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Kratt et al. (2006) demonstrate the effectiveness of using a field-portable ASD Fieldspec spectroradiometer and satellite-based Advanced Spaceborne Thermal and emitted Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) imagery for mapping borate minerals in the field. Borate crusts that were partially mined during the 1800s were identified and mapped at Rhodes, Teels, and Columbus Marshes (playas), all in western Nevada (Figure 1).
Multispectral Imaging At Rhodes Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) | Open
Rhodes Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Rhodes Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Multispectral Imaging At Rhodes Marsh Area (Shevenell, Et Al., 2008) Exploration Activity Details Location Rhodes Marsh Area Exploration Technique Multispectral Imaging Activity Date Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Kratt et al. (2006) demonstrate the effectiveness of using a field-portable ASD Fieldspec spectroradiometer and satellite-based Advanced Spaceborne Thermal and emitted Reflectance Radiometer (ASTER) imagery for mapping borate minerals in the field. Borate crusts that were partially mined during the 1800s were identified and mapped at Rhodes, Teels, and Columbus Marshes (playas), all in western Nevada (Figure 1).
Emerging Technologies in Mass Spectrometry Imaging
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) as an analytical tool for bio-molecular and bio-medical research targets, accurate compound localization and identification. In terms of dedicated instrumentation, this translates into the demand for more detail in the image dimension (spatial resolution) and in the spectral dimension (mass resolution and accuracy), preferably combined in one instrument. At the same time, large area biological tissue samples require fast acquisition schemes, instrument automation and a robust data infrastructure. This review discusses the analytical capabilities of an "ideal" MSI instrument for bio-molecular and bio-medical molecular imaging. The analytical attributes of such an ideal system are contrasted with technological and methodological challenges in MSI. In particular, innovative instrumentation for high spatial resolution imaging in combination with high sample throughput is discussed. Detector technology that targets various shortcomings of conventional imaging detector systems is hig...
Jungmann, Julia H
Synthetic aperture imaging for three dimensional resolution of fluid flows
Fluid mechanics and instrumentation have a long history together, as experimental fluids studies play an important role in describing a more complete physical picture in a variety of problems. Presently. state-of-the-art ...
Belden, Jesse (Jesse Levi)
Ion Beam Collimation For Improved Resolution In Associated Particle Imaging
Beam spot size on target for a Penning ion source has been measured under different source operating pressures as a function of the extraction channel length and beam energy. A beam halo/core structure was observed for ion extraction at low extraction voltages, and was greatly reduced at higher beam energy. Collimation through use of longer extraction channels results in reduced ion current on target; the resultant reduction in neutron yield for an API system driven by such an ion source can be compensated for by use of even higher beam energies.
Sy, Amy [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Department of Nuclear Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Ji Qing [Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States)
High resolution digital delay timer
Method and apparatus are provided for generating an output pulse following a trigger pulse at a time delay interval preset with a resolution which is high relative to a low resolution available from supplied clock pulses. A first lumped constant delay (20) provides a first output signal (24) at predetermined interpolation intervals corresponding to the desired high resolution time interval. Latching circuits (26, 28) latch the high resolution data (24) to form a first synchronizing data set (60). A selected time interval has been preset to internal counters (142, 146, 154) and corrected for circuit propagation delay times having the same order of magnitude as the desired high resolution. Internal system clock pulses (32, 34) count down the counters to generate an internal pulse delayed by an interval which is functionally related to the preset time interval. A second LCD (184) corrects the internal signal with the high resolution time delay. A second internal pulse is then applied to a third LCD (74) to generate a second set of synchronizing data (76) which is complementary with the first set of synchronizing data (60) for presentation to logic circuits (64). The logic circuits (64) further delay the internal output signal (72) to obtain a proper phase relationship of an output signal (80) with the internal pulses (32, 34). The final delayed output signal (80) thereafter enables the output pulse generator (82) to produce the desired output pulse (84) at the preset time delay interval following input of the trigger pulse (10, 12).
Martin, Albert D. (Los Alamos, NM)
Nonlinear effects in kinetic resolutions
The impact of nonlinear effects in the asymmetric catalysis of kinetic resolutions is analyzed. It is found with minimal assumptions that the kinetics of homocompetitive reactions should apply generally to kinetic resolutions involving partially resolved catalysts, and this is supported by experimental observations with the Jacobsen hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of epoxides. The criterion for a nonlinear effect in asymmetric catalysis--a nonlinear correlation between the enantiomeric excess in a choral ligand and the product enantiomeric excess obtained from a reaction--is examined. The nonlinear effect idea is found to be generalizable to kinetic resolutions and other reactions by replacing consideration of the product enantiomeric excess with the quantity (k[]/k[]-1)/(k[]/k[]+1), a differential kinetic enantiomeric enhancement (DKEE). A nonlinear effect may then be defined by a nonlinear correlation between the DKEE and the chiral ligand enantiomeric excess. The application of these ideas to previously reported kinetic resolutions of sulfoxides and to nonlinear effects in the Jacobsen HKR is described. Relatively small nonlinear effects in kinetic resolutions are sufficient to obtain large asymmetric amplifications. A catalyst modification in the Jacobsen HKR also allows for the development of a novel recyclable system for the iterative enhancement of optical activity.
Johnson, Derrell W.
Tagged Neutron Source for API Inspection Systems with Greatly Enhanced Spatial Resolution
We recently developed induced fission and transmission imaging methods with time- and directionally-tagged neutrons offer new capabilities for characterization of fissile material configurations and enhanced detection of special nuclear materials (SNM). An Advanced Associated Particle Imaging (API) generator with higher angular resolution and neutron yield than existing systems is needed to fully exploit these methods.
Nanometer Resolution Of Three-Dimensional Motions Using Video Interference Microscopy
An interferometric video system for measuring microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) with nanometer resolution is demonstrated. Interferograms are generated by combining light reflected from the target with light reflected from a reference mirror. Motions are determined from sequences of stop-action interferograms obtained with stroboscopic illumination. The system was used to measure motions of a microfabricated accelerometer. In-plane motions were determined by analysis of brightfield images using gradient methods with subpixel resolution. Results are compared for brightfield images obtained by blocking light from the reference arm of the interferometer and for brightfield images reconstructed from interferograms. Out-of-plane motions are determined by analyzing interferograms obtained with different positions of the reference mirror. Results demonstrate nanometer resolution of in-plane motions and subnanometer resolution of out-of-plane motions. Introduction A major goal of this w...
W. Hemmert; M. S. Mermelstein; D. M. Freeman
Studying the Imaging Characteristics of Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) through Numerical Simulations
Ultra-Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) is one of the five payloads aboard the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO)'s ASTROSAT space mission. The science objectives of UVIT are broad, extending from individual hot stars, star-forming regions to active galactic nuclei. Imaging performance of UVIT would depend on several factors in addition to the optics, e.g. resolution of the detectors, Satellite Drift and Jitter, image frame acquisition rate, sky background, source intensity etc. The use of intensified CMOS-imager based photon counting detectors in UVIT put their own complexity over reconstruction of the images. All these factors could lead to several systematic effects in the reconstructed images. A study has been done through numerical simulations with artificial point sources and archival image of a galaxy from GALEX data archive, to explore the effects of all the above mentioned parameters on the reconstructed images. In particular the issues of angular resolution, photometric accuracy and photometric...
Srivastava, Mudit K; Tandon, Shyam N
Unique microchannel plate process doubles MCPI resolution
Applying a dielectric layer to the output of a microchannel plate (MCP) has allowed the screen voltage of a sealed microchannel-plate intensifier tube (MCPI) to be raised to over 10 kV, producing a field strength of 36 kV/mm without any detectable field emission or breakdown of the MCP/screen gap. Tube resolution exceeded 16 lp/mm at 50% modulation. Breakdown is higher in a dielectric than in a vacuum. In a concept being patented by Gary Power, a few-{mu}m-thick layer of a dielectric was sputtered onto the output surface of an 18-mm MCP, which was incorporated into a tube under a contract for four tube starts. This process is applicable to any device incorporating a proximity-focused MCP and screen, including streak tubes and gated MCP x-ray imagers. Other improvements discussed include a patented use of a collimator for eliminating the electrons that are elastically scattered from the screen. This method also provides for further improvements in screen gap limited resolution to any desired degree by eliminating electrons with high transverse energy. This occurs at the expense of output brightness, which can be recovered through an appropriate increase in screen voltage.
Thomas, S.; Power, G.
Reflective ghost imaging through turbulence
Recent work has indicated that ghost imaging may have applications in standoff sensing. However, most theoretical work has addressed transmission-based ghost imaging. To be a viable remote-sensing system, the ghost imager needs to image rough-surfaced targets in reflection through long, turbulent optical paths. We develop, within a Gaussian-state framework, expressions for the spatial resolution, image contrast, and signal-to-noise ratio of such a system. We consider rough-surfaced targets that create fully developed speckle in their returns and Kolmogorov-spectrum turbulence that is uniformly distributed along all propagation paths. We address both classical and nonclassical optical sources, as well as a computational ghost imager.
Hardy, Nicholas D.; Shapiro, Jeffrey H. [Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (United States)
Atomic-Resolution STEM at Low Primary Energies
Aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEMs) can now produce electron probes as small as 1 {angstrom} at 60 keV. This level of performance allows individual light atoms to be imaged in various novel materials including graphene, monolayer boron nitride, and carbon nanotubes. Operation at 60 keV avoids direct knock-on damage in such materials, but some radiation damage often remains, and limits the maximum usable electron dose. Elemental identification by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is then usefully supplemented by annular dark-field (ADF) imaging, for which the signal is much larger and the spatial resolution significantly better. Because of its strong dependence on the atomic number Z, ADF can be used to identify the chemical type of individual atoms, both heavy and light. We review the instrumental requirements for atomic resolution imaging at 60 keV and lower energies, and we illustrate the kinds of studies that have now become possible by ADF images of graphene, monolayer BN, and single-wall carbon nanotubes, and by ADF images and EEL spectra of carbon nanotubes containing nanopods filled with single atoms of Er. We then discuss likely future developments.
Krivanek, Ondrej L. [Nion Co; Chisholm, Matthew F [ORNL; Dellby, N. [Nion Company, WA; Murfitt, M. F. [Nion Company, WA
High Spatial Resolution Observations of Loops in the Solar Corona
Understanding how the solar corona is structured is of fundamental importance to determining how the Sun's upper atmosphere is heated to high temperatures. Recent spectroscopic studies have suggested that an instrument with a spatial resolution of 200km or better is necessary to resolve coronal loops. The High Resolution Coronal Imager (Hi-C) achieved this performance on a rocket flight in July 2012. We use Hi-C data to measure the Gaussian widths of 91 loops observed in the solar corona and find a distribution that peaks at about 270km. We also use Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) data for a subset of 79 of these loops and find that their temperature distributions are narrow. These observations provide further evidence that loops in the solar corona are structured at a scale of several hundred kilometers, well above the spatial scale of proposed physical mechanisms.
Brooks, David H; Ugarte-Urra, Ignacio; Winebarger, Amy R
Alternative Dispute Resolution | Department of Energy
Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative Dispute Resolution The Office of Conflict Prevention and Resolution (formerly the Office of Dispute Resolution) provides assistance throughout the Department and to its contractors on using various types of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) to prevent and resolve disputes without litigation. The Director of the office offers training, provides system design support, and acts as a consultant for all types of dispute resolution, ranging from preventive techniques, such as partnering, differing professional opinion processes and ombuds, to mediation in many types of disputes, such as intellectual property, contracts, environmental, grants, equal employment opportunity (Title VII), and whistleblower complaints.
Sub-0.1 nm-resolution quantitative scanning transmission electron microscopy without adjustable parameters
Atomic-resolution imaging in the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) constitutes a powerful tool for nanostructure characterization. Here, we demonstrate the quantitative interpretation of atomic-resolution high-angle annular dark-field (ADF) STEM images using an approach that does not rely on adjustable parameters. We measure independently the instrumental parameters that affect sub-0.1 nm-resolution ADF images, quantify their individual and collective contributions to the image intensity, and show that knowledge of these parameters enables a quantitative interpretation of the absolute intensity and contrast across all accessible spatial frequencies. The analysis also provides a method for the in-situ measurement of the STEM's effective source distribution.
Dwyer, C. [Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); ARC Centre of Excellence for Design in Light Metals, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Maunders, C. [Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Zheng, C. L. [Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Weyland, M.; Etheridge, J. [Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Department of Materials Engineering, Monash University, Victoria 3800 (Australia); Tiemeijer, P. C. [FEI Electron Optics, P.O. Box 80066, 5600 KA Eindhoven (Netherlands)
Browsing and Placement of Multiresolution Images on Secondary Storage
With the rapid advances in computer and communication technologies, there is an increasing demand to build and maintain large image repositories. In order to reduce the demands on I/O and network resources, multiresolution representations of images are being proposed for the storage organization of images. Image decomposition techniques such as wavelets can be used to provide multiple resolution images. The image is represented by several coefficients, one of them with visual similarity to the original image but at a lower resolution. Thus, these visually similar coefficients can be thought of as the thumbnails or icons of the original image. This paper addresses the problem of storing these multiresolution coefficients on disk(s) so that thumbnail browsing as well as image reconstruction can be performed efficiently. Several strategies are evaluated to store the image coefficients on parallel disks. These strategies can be classified into two broad classes depending on whether the bro...
Sunil Prabhakar; Divyakant Agrawal; Amr El Abbadi; Ambuj Singh; Terence R. Smith
IMShare: instantly sharing your mobile landmark images by search-based reconstruction
Instantly sharing captured landmark images is becoming fashionable, much like when you write a blog or chat with friends by mobile phone. However, real-time transmission of high-resolution images poses a significant challenge to contemporary mobile networks. ... Keywords: image reconstruction, image sharing, partial duplicate image retrieval, sift descriptor
Lican Dai; Huanjing Yue; Xiaoyan Sun; Feng Wu
... 72 DPI Image 150 DPI Image No 300 DPI Version. Title: NIST Finds that Ethanol-Loving Bacteria Accelerate Cracking of Pipeline Steels. ...
Dielectric microscopy with submillimeter resolution
In analogy with optical near-field scanning methods, we use tapered dielectric waveguides as probes for a millimeter wave vector network analyzer. By scanning thin samples between two such probes we are able to map the spatially varying dielectric properties of materials with sub-wavelength resolution; using a 150 GHz probe in transmision mode we see spatial resolution of around 500 microns. We have applied this method to a variety of highly heterogeneous materials. Here we show dielectric maps of granite and oil shale.
Nathan S. Greeney; John A. Scales
Temporal multiplexing radiography for dynamic x-ray imaging
All current x-ray imaging devices acquire images sequentially, one at a time. Using a spatially distributed multibeam x-ray source we recently demonstrated the feasibility for multiplexing x-ray imaging, which can significantly increase the data collection speed. Here we present a general methodology for dynamic x-ray imaging of an object in cyclic motion with temporal multiplexing. Compared to the conventional sequential imaging technique, where 2N-1 phase images are required and N exposures are needed for a single phase image, a temporal multiplexing of dimension 2N-1 can reduce the imaging time by a factor of N while maintaining the temporal resolution.
Cao Guohua [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Zhang Jian [Department of Radiation Oncology and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Zhou, Otto; Lu Jianping [Department of Physics and Astronomy and Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599 (United States)
... Title: Nanotechnology--Nanomanufacturing; Optical Nano Vision. Description: A new optical imaging technology under ...
SPIE Medical Imaging Medical Imaging
1 SPIE Medical Imaging 2006 1 Medical Imaging Fundamentals Kenneth H. Wong, Ph.D. Division of Computer Assisted Interventions and Medical Robotics (CAIMR) Imaging Science and Information Systems (ISIS) Center Department of Radiology Georgetown University SPIE Medical Imaging 2006 2 Main Themes · Describe
Miga, Michael I.
High-Resolution Surface Temperature Patterns Related to Urban Morphology in a Tropical City: A Satellite-Based Study
High-resolution thermal data derived from Landsat's thematic mapper are evaluated for their correspondence to building geometry and landscape features in Singapore's high-rise housing estates. The image data are sufficiently detailed to reveal ...
Janet E. Nichol
The Impact of Spatial Resolution Enhancement of SSM/I Microwave Brightness Temperatures on Rainfall Retrieval Algorithms
The impact of spatial resolution enhancement on estimates of tropical typhoon rainfall based on SSM/1 (Special Sensor Microwave/Imager) measurements is evaluated with six different microwave precipitation retrieval algorithms. Passive microwave ...
Michael R. Farrar; Eric A. Smith; Xuwu Xiang
Image display device in digital TV
Disclosed is an image display device in a digital TV that is capable of carrying out the conversion into various kinds of resolution by using single bit map data in the digital TV. The image display device includes: a data processing part for executing bit map conversion, compression, restoration and format-conversion for text data; a memory for storing the bit map data obtained according to the bit map conversion and compression in the data processing part and image data inputted from an arbitrary receiving part, the receiving part receiving one of digital image data and analog image data; an image outputting part for reading the image data from the memory; and a display processing part for mixing the image data read from the image outputting part and the bit map data converted in format from the a data processing part. Therefore, the image display device according to the present invention can convert text data in such a manner as to correspond with various resolution, carry out the compression for bit map data, thereby reducing the memory space, and support text data of an HTML format, thereby providing the image with the text data of various shapes.
Choi, Seung Jong (Seoul, KR)
A Power and Resolution Adaptive
A new power and resolution adaptive flash ADC, named PRA-ADC, is proposed. The PRA-ADC enables exponential power reduction with linear resolution reduction. Unused parallel voltage comparators are switched to standby mode. The voltage comparators consume only the leakage power during the standby mode. The PRA-ADC, capable of operating at 5-bit, 6-bit, 7-bit, and 8-bit precision, dissipates 69 mW at 5-bit and 435 mW at 8-bit. The PRA-ADC was designed and simulated with 0.18 m CMOS technology. The PRA-ADC design is applicable to RF portable communication devices, allowing tighter management of power and e#ciency.
Flash Analog-To-Digital Converter; Jincheol Yoo; Daegyu Lee; Kyusun Choi; Jongsoo Kim
Radiometry High Spectral Resolution Fourier
High Spectral Resolution Fourier High Spectral Resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Instruments for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program H. E. Revercomb, W. L. Smith, R. O. Knuteson, F. A. Best, R. G. Dedecker, T. P. Dirkx, R. A. Herbsleb, and J. F. Short University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin H. B. Howell National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Systems Design and Applications Branch Madison, Wisconsin D. Murcray and F. Murcray University of Denver Denver, Colorado Accurate and spectrally detailed observations of the thermal emission from radiatively important atmospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds have been identified as crucial for realizing the overall objectives of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program to improve the treatment of radiation and clouds in climate models. The observed
Reflective optical imaging system for extreme ultraviolet wavelengths
This invention is comprised of a projection reflection optical system having two mirrors in a coaxial, four reflection configuration to reproduce the image of an object. The mirrors have aspherical reflection surfaces to provide a very high resolution of object feature wavelengths less than 200 {mu}m, and preferably less than 100 {mu}m. An image resolution of features less than 0.05--0.1 {mu}m, is obtained over a large area field; i.e., 25.4 mm {times} 25.4 mm, with a distortion less than 0.1 of the resolution over the image field.
Viswanathan, V.K.; Newnam, B.E.
Free resolutions via Gr�bner bases.
For associative algebras in many different categories, it is possible to develop the machinery of Gr�bner bases. A Gr�bner basis of defining relations for an algebra of such a category provides a "monomial replacement" of this algebra. The main goal of this article is to demonstrate how this machinery can be used for the purposes of homological algebra. More precisely, our approach goes in three steps. First, we define a combinatorial resolution for the monomial replacement of an object. Second, we extract from those resolutions explicit representatives for homological classes. Finally, we explain how to "deform" the differential to handle the general case. For associative algebras, we recover a well known construction due to Anick. The other case we discuss in detail is that of operads, where we discover resolutions that haven't been known previously. We present various applications, including a proofs of Hoffbeck's PBW criterion, a proof of Koszulness for a class of operads coming from commutative algebras, and a homology computation for the operads of Batalin--Vilkovisky algebras and of Rota--Baxter algebras.
Vladimir Dotsenko; Anton Khoroshkin
MODIS Calibration: A Brief Review of the Strategy for the At-Launch Calibration Approach
The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is a key instrument on the NASA Earth Observing System. It is a multispectral sensor that will be used to track long-term global change in the land, atmosphere, and ocean components of the ...
B. Guenther; W. Barnes; E. Knight; J. Barker; J. Harnden; R. Weber; M. Roberto; G. Godden; H. Montgomery; P. Abel
The MODIS Aerosol Algorithm, Products, and Validation
The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aboard both NASA�s Terra and Aqua satellites is making near-global daily observations of the earth in a wide spectral range (0.41�15 ?m). These measurements are used to derive spectral ...
L. A. Remer; Y. J. Kaufman; D. Tanr�; S. Mattoo; D. A. Chu; J. V. Martins; R.-R. Li; C. Ichoku; R. C. Levy; R. G. Kleidman; T. F. Eck; E. Vermote; B. N. Holben
Dust Tracking Using Composite Visible/IR Images: A Case Study
Visible and infrared (IR) images from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer are composited to improve the depiction of airborne dust over coastlines. On IR images, wind-raised dust ...
Thomas F. Lee
Imaging alpha particle detector
A method and apparatus for detecting and imaging alpha particles sources is described. A conducting coated high voltage electrode (1) and a tungsten wire grid (2) constitute a diode configuration discharge generator for electrons dislodged from atoms or molecules located in between these electrodes when struck by alpha particles from a source (3) to be quantitatively or qualitatively analyzed. A thin polyester film window (4) allows the alpha particles to pass into the gas enclosure and the combination of the glass electrode, grid and window is light transparent such that the details of the source which is imaged with high resolution and sensitivity by the sparks produced can be observed visually as well. The source can be viewed directly, electronically counted or integrated over time using photographic methods. A significant increase in sensitivity over other alpha particle detectors is observed, and the device has very low sensitivity to gamma or beta emissions which might otherwise appear as noise on the alpha particle signal.
Anderson, David F. (Los Alamos, NM)
Dynamic Radiographic Imaging
A radiographic system recently developed by American and Russian collaborators is designed to capture multiple images of a dynamic event lasting less than 10 microseconds. Various optical and electro-optical components were considered and their performance compared. The final system employed a solid crystal of lutetium oxyorthosilicate doped with cerium (LSO:Ce or LSO) for X-ray-to-light conversion with a coherent fiber optic bundle to relay the scintillator image to a streak camera with charge coupled device (CCD) readout. Resolution and sensitivity studies were carried out for this system on two different sources of X-rays: a 20 MeV microtron and a 70 MeV betatron.
Volkov, A.; Turley, D.; Veeser, L.; Lukyanov, N.; Yegorov, N.; Baker, S.A.; Mirenko, V.; Lewis, W.; Kuropatkin, Y.
High Resolution Aircraft Scanner Mapping of Geothermal and Volcanic Areas
High spectral resolution GEOSCAN Mkll multispectral aircraft scanner imagery has been acquired, at 3-6 m spatial resolutions, over much of the Taupo Volcanic Zone as part of continuing investigations aimed at developing remote sensing techniques for exploring and mapping geothermal and volcanic areas. This study examined the 24-band: visible, near-IR (NIR), mid-IR (MIR) and thermal-IR (TIR) imagery acquired over Waiotapu geothermal area (3 m spatial resolution) and White Island volcano (6 m resolution). Results show that color composite images composed of visible and NIR wavelengths that correspond to color infrared (CIR) photographic wavelengths can be useful for distinguishing among bare ground, water and vegetation features and, in certain cases, for mapping various vegetation types. However, combinations which include an MIR band ({approx} 2.2 {micro}m) with either visible and NIR bands, or two NIR bands, are the most powerful for mapping vegetation types, water bodies, and bare and hydrothermally altered ground. Combinations incorporating a daytime TIR band with NIR and MIR bands are also valuable for locating anomalously hot features and distinguishing among different types of surface hydrothermal alteration.
Mongillo, M.A.; Cochrane, G.R.; Wood, C.P.; Shibata, Y.
New Zone Plate for Soft X-Ray Microscopy at 15-nm Spatial Resolution
New Zone Plate for Soft X-Ray Microscopy at 15-nm Spatial Resolution Print New Zone Plate for Soft X-Ray Microscopy at 15-nm Spatial Resolution Print Analytical tools that combine spatial resolution with elemental and chemical identification at the nanometer scale along with large penetration depth are indispensable for the life and physical sciences. The XM-1 soft x-ray microscope at the ALS produces images that not only reveal structures but can identify their chemical elements and measure magnetic and other properties as well. Now a new method for creating optical devices with nanoscale accuracy has allowed researchers in Berkeley Lab's Center for X-Ray Optics (CXRO), which built and operates the XM-1, to achieve an extraordinary resolution of better than 15 nm, with the promise of even higher resolution in the near future.
New Zone Plate for Soft X-Ray New Zone Plate for Soft X-Ray Microscopy at 15-nm Spatial Resolution New Zone Plate for Soft X-Ray Microscopy at 15-nm Spatial Resolution Print Wednesday, 31 August 2005 00:00 Analytical tools that combine spatial resolution with elemental and chemical identification at the nanometer scale along with large penetration depth are indispensable for the life and physical sciences. The XM-1 soft x-ray microscope at the ALS produces images that not only reveal structures but can identify their chemical elements and measure magnetic and other properties as well. Now a new method for creating optical devices with nanoscale accuracy has allowed researchers in Berkeley Lab's Center for X-Ray Optics (CXRO), which built and operates the XM-1, to achieve an extraordinary resolution of better than 15 nm, with the promise of even higher resolution in the near future.
... Title: Carbon Nanotube Measurements. Description: Scanning electron microscope image of 'cleaned' carbon nanotubes at NIST (color added for ...
... Description: Engineering design image shows a cross-section of part of the planned ITER fusion reaction vessel. Diverter ...
Submillimeter-Resolution Radiography of Shielded Structures with Laser-Accelerated Electron Beams
We investigate the use of energetic electron beams for high-resolution radiography of flaws embedded in thick solid objects. A bright, monoenergetic electron beam (with energy >100 MeV) was generated by the process of laser-wakefield acceleration through the interaction of 50-TW, 30-fs laser pulses with a supersonic helium jet. The high energy, low divergence, and small source size of these beams make them ideal for high-resolution radiographic studies of cracks or voids embedded in dense materials that are placed at a large distance from the source. We report radiographic imaging of steel with submillimeter resolution.
Ramanathan, Vidya [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Banerjee, Sudeep [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Powell, Nathan [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Cummingham, N. J. [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Chandler-Smith, Nate [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Zhao, Kun [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Brown, Kevin [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Umstadter, Donald [University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Clarke, Shaun [University of Michigan; Pozzi, Sara [University of Michigan; Beene, James R [ORNL; Vane, C Randy [ORNL; Schultz, David Robert [ORNL
The Low-Resolution CCSM4
The low-resolution version of the Community Climate System Model, version 4 (CCSM4) is a computationally efficient alternative to the intermediate and standard resolution versions of this fully coupled climate system model. It employs an ...
Christine A. Shields; David A. Bailey; Gokhan Danabasoglu; Markus Jochum; Jeffrey T. Kiehl; Samuel Levis; Sungsu Park
Smooth mixed-resolution GPU volume rendering
We propose a mixed-resolution volume ray-casting approach that enables more flexibility in the choice of downsampling positions and filter kernels, allows freely mixing volume bricks of different resolutions during rendering, and does not require modifying ...
Johanna Beyer; Markus Hadwiger; Torsten M�ller; Laura Fritz
A High Resolution Monolithic Crystal, DOI, MR Compatible, PET Detector
The principle objective of this proposal is to develop a positron emission tomography (PET) detector with depth-of-interaction (DOI) positioning capability that will achieve state of the art spatial resolution and sensitivity performance for small animal PET imaging. When arranged in a ring or box detector geometry, the proposed detector module will support <1 mm3 image resolution and >15% absolute detection efficiency. The detector will also be compatible with operation in a MR scanner to support simultaneous multi-modality imaging. The detector design will utilize a thick, monolithic crystal scintillator readout by a two-dimensional array of silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) devices using a novel sensor on the entrance surface (SES) design. Our hypothesis is that our single-ended readout SES design will provide an effective DOI positioning performance equivalent to more expensive dual-ended readout techniques and at a significantly lower cost. Our monolithic crystal design will also lead to a significantly lower cost system. It is our goal to design a detector with state of the art performance but at a price point that is affordable so the technology can be disseminated to many laboratories. A second hypothesis is that using SiPM arrays, the detector will be able to operate in a MR scanner without any degradation in performance to support simultaneous PET/MR imaging. Having a co-registered MR image will assist in radiotracer localization and may also be used for partial volume corrections to improve radiotracer uptake quantitation. The far reaching goal of this research is to develop technology for medical research that will lead to improvements in human health care.
Robert S Miyaoka
High Resolution Transmission Microscopy Characterization of an ...
High Resolution Transmission Microscopy Characterization of an Oxide ... Line Dislocation Dynamics Simulation of fundamental dislocation properties in�...
Coastal Oceanography Applications of Digital Image Data from Marine Radar
A marine radar attached to a digital image capture system has been adapted for deployment from shore sites. Optimum operating parameters have been identified in relation to the resolution and sampling capabilities of both the radar and the ...
I. S. Robinson; N. P. Ward; C. P. Gommenginger; M. A. Tenorio-Gonzales
Neutrons are an invaluable probe in a wide range of scientific, medical and commercial endeavors. Many of these applications require the recording of an image of the neutron signal, either in one-dimension or in two-dimensions. We summarize the reactions of neutrons with the most important elements that are used for their detection. A description is then given of the major techniques used in neutron imaging, with emphasis on the detection media and position readout principle. Important characteristics such as position resolution, linearity, counting rate capability and sensitivity to gamma-background are discussed. Finally, the application of a subset of these instruments in radiology and tomography is described.
Reconcile: A Coreference Resolution Research Platform
Despite the availability of standard data sets and metrics, approaches to the problem of noun phrase coreference resolution are hard to compare empirically due to the different evaluation setting stemming, in part, from the lack of comprehensive coreference resolution research platforms. In this tech report we present Reconcile, a coreference resolution research platform that aims to facilitate the implementation of new approaches to coreference resolution as well as the comparison of existing approaches. We discuss Reconcile's architecture and give results of running Reconcile on six data sets using four evaluation metrics, showing that Reconcile's performance is comparable to state-of-the-art systems in coreference resolution.
Stoyanov, V; Cardie, C; Gilbert, N; Riloff, E; Buttler, D; Hysom, D
Image Resources
Mosaic of earth and sky images Mosaic of earth and sky images Image Resources Free image resources covering energy, environment, and general science. Here are some links to energy- and environment-related photographic databases. Berkeley Lab Photo Archive Berkeley Lab's online digital image collection. National Science Digital Library (NSDL) NSDL is the Nation's online library for education and research in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. The World Bank Group Photo Library A distinctive collection of over 11,000 images that illustrate development through topics such as Agriculture, Education, Environment, Health, Trade and more. Calisphere Compiles the digital collections of libraries, museums, and cultural heritage organizations across California, and organizes them by theme, such
Visualization of High Resolution Spatial Mass Spectrometric Data during Acquisition
Mass Spectrometric Imaging (IMS) allows the generation of 2D ion density maps that help visualize molecules present in sections of tissues and cells. The combination of spatial and mass resolution results in large and complex data sets that require powerful and efficient analysis and interpretation. In this paper, a graphical user interface (GUI) that can visualize the large data during data acquisition itself is presented. The program also has the ability to perform processing and analysis of the dataset. The various functions of the GUI including visualization of mass spectra, generation of 2D maps for selected species, manipulation of the heat maps, and peak identification are also presented.
Thomas, Mathew; Heath, Brandi S.; Laskin, Julia; Li, Dongsheng; Liu, Ellen C.; Hui, Katrina L.; Kuprat, Andrew P.; Kleese van Dam, Kerstin; Carson, James P.
LAR Image Transmission over Fading Channels: A Hierarchical Protection Solution
The aim of this paper is to present an efficient scheme to transmit a compressed digital image over a non frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel. The proposed scheme is based on the Locally Adaptive Resolution (LAR) algorithm, and the Reed-Solomon ... Keywords: Fading channels, Locally Adaptive Resolution (LAR), scalability, Unequal Error Protection (UEP), (JPWL)
Wassim Hamidouche; Christian Olivier; Marie Babel; Olivier Deforges; Herv� Boeglen; Pascal Lorenz
Reducing ADC Resolution by Using . . .
This contribution compares the required resolution of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) when analog or digital band-pass filters are used for band separating in FDD based VDSL. It considers different band allocation scenarios, mostly for FTTCab deployment, and analyzes the reduction of the received signal dynamic range when analog filters are used. The obtained results are line code independent and show that a significant possible relaxation in ADC requirements may be achieved if analog band-pass filters are used instead of digital ones. Notice This document has been prepared to assist the Standard Committee T1-Telecommunications. It is offered to the Committee as a basis for discussion and is not a binding proposal on the companies involved. The requirements presented in this document are subject to change in form and numerical value after more study. The companies involved specifically reserve the right to add to, or amend, the statements contained herein. ----------------------...
Vladimir Oksman
High definition ultrasound imaging for battlefield medical applications
A team has developed an improved resolution ultrasound system for low cost diagnostics. This paper describes the development of an ultrasound based imaging system capable of generating 3D images showing surface and subsurface tissue and bone structures. We include results of a comparative study between images obtained from X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) and ultrasound. We found that the quality of ultrasound images compares favorably with those from CT. Volumetric and surface data extracted from these images were within 7% of the range between ultrasound and CT scans. We also include images of porcine abdominal scans from two different sets of animal trials.
Kwok, K.S.; Morimoto, A.K.; Kozlowski, D.M.; Krumm, J.C.; Dickey, F.M. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Rogers, B; Walsh, N. [Texas Univ. Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX (United States)
... on the availability of this image. Title: Tiny Tubes May Aid Pharmacuetical R&D. Description: NIST scientists used pairs of ...
... Magneto-optical image of magnetic fields within a YBCO superconductor showing electrically ... PHY, High-Temp Superconductors See also http ...
... Title: New Imaging Tool is Boon to Fuel Cell Research. ... water being produced and removed inside the maze-like solid housing of fuel cells under a ...
Image Bank from Lightsources.org
Llightsources.org is the result of a collaboration among communicators from light-source facilities around the world. The site serves as a clearing house for light-source-related news, high-resolution photos and graphics, educational material, and user-related information and is updated daily. The lightsources Image Bank allows users to search by facility and by keywords or phrases within categories of images such as: accelerators, experiments, light source science, instrumentation, etc.
Tabletop soft-x-ray Fourier transform holography with 50 nm resolution
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA 4. We also demonstrate that FT holography can be used effectively with short exposure times of 30 s resolution images of whole unstained cells, magnetic permalloy wires, internal structures in nanocrystals
Miao, Jianwei "John"
Cultural Heritage: High resolution acquisition of detailed surfaces with lens-shifted structured light
We present a novel 3D geometry acquisition technique at high resolution based on structured light reconstruction with a low-cost projector-camera system. Using a 1D mechanical lens-shifter extension in the projector light path, the projected pattern ... Keywords: Picture/image generation-Digitizing and scanning, Scene analysis-Range data
M. Ritz; F. Langguth; M. Scholz; M. Goesele; A. Stork
High?resolution x?ray microscopy using an undulator source, photoelectron studies with MAXIMUM
We present the first results of high?spatial resolution x?ray imaging studies with an upgraded version of the scanning photoemission multiple application x?ray imaging undulator microscope. The microscope is a multilayercoated Schwarzschild objective that focuses undulator radiation onto the sample. The recent upgrade improved the spatial resolution by a factor six reaching a full width at half maximum value of 0.5 ?m. Highly polished mirrors reduced the diffuse background by almost two orders of magnitude and drastically improved the contrast. The improved microscope was used to perform a series of tests on microgrids and reverse Fresnel zone plates. The microscope capability to detect chemical and topological contrast was verified by using patterned metal overlayers on Si and GaAs substrates. Further improvements to increase the flux and the spatial resolution are underway; this includes the installation of a new undulator beamline.
C. Capasso; A. K. Ray?Chaudhuri; W. Ng; S. Liang; R. K. Cole; J. Wallace; F. Cerrina; G. Margaritondo; J. H. Underwood; J. B. Kortright; R. C. C. Perera
Exploration And Discovery In Yellowstone Lake- Results From High-Resolution
Exploration And Discovery In Yellowstone Lake- Results From High-Resolution Exploration And Discovery In Yellowstone Lake- Results From High-Resolution Sonar Imaging, Seismic Reflection Profiling, And Submersible Studies Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Journal Article: Exploration And Discovery In Yellowstone Lake- Results From High-Resolution Sonar Imaging, Seismic Reflection Profiling, And Submersible Studies Details Activities (1) Areas (1) Regions (0) Abstract: No portion of the American continent is perhaps so rich in wonders as the Yellow Stone' (F.V. Hayden, September 2, 1874) Discoveries from multi-beam sonar mapping and seismic reflection surveys of the northern, central, and West Thumb basins of Yellowstone Lake provide new insight into the extent of post-collapse volcanism and active hydrothermal
Alternative Dispute Resolution | National Nuclear Security Administration
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Alternative Dispute Resolution | National Nuclear Security Administration Alternative Dispute Resolution | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Alternative Dispute Resolution Home > About Us > Our Operations > Management and Budget > Office of Civil Rights > Alternative Dispute Resolution Alternative Dispute Resolution The NNSA Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) Program is designed as an
Nanometric Optical Imaging Frontiers in Chemical Imaging
Nanometric Optical Imaging Frontiers in Chemical Imaging Seminar Series Presented by... Professor thermal imaging, chemical delivery and other new horizons. Finally, as part of this lecture, Lewis
Images, Video, & More
Images, Video, & More Images BABAR Design drawings SLAC Image Gallery: BABAR SLAC Image Gallery: Aerial photos Videos Public lecture on "ANTIMATTER: What is it and where did it...
High Resolution Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of ...
Presentation Title, High Resolution Chemical and Mechanical Characterization of Energy Related Materials. Author(s), Michel L Trudeau, Lisa Rodrigue, Ren�...
3D Micron-resolution Laue Diffraction
by single rotation - Time resolution (4D) Grain outline determined - Ray tracing - conical slit - Back-projection tomography E>50 keV allows deep measurements Tensile...
Property:TemporalResolution | Open Energy Information
Property Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Property:TemporalResolution Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. Pages using the property...
Property:SpatialResolution | Open Energy Information
Property Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Property:SpatialResolution Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. Pages using the property...
Dispute Resolution Information | Department of Energy
Department of the Navy ADR DOE's Office of Civil Rights and Diversity EEOC Federal Sector Alternative Dispute Resolution EEOC Laws, Regulations & Policy Guidance Federal Energy...
PMCO: Issue Resolution | Department of Energy
PMCO: Issue Resolution PMCO: Issue Resolution PMCO: Issue Resolution The expertise available within the Project Management Coordination Office (PMCO) team is regularly called upon to resolve issues that cut across technology offices and require prompt resolution. PMCO prioritizes these actions to ensure they are successfully brought to closure. Examples include: Management of Congressionally Directed Projects (CDPs) and CDP Portfolio Oversight; improving Financial Assistance Closeout performance; and developing and executing the application receipt, review and selection process for 48C tax credit requests. Responsibilities Resolves Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) issues in an efficient and expedited manner Mobilizes small and nimble teams to address specific problem sets
A uniformly redundant imaging array of penumbral apertures coupled with a heuristic reconstruction for hard x-ray and neutron imaging
A coded imaging and decoding (image reconstruction) scheme was developed for diagnosing a hot and dense region emitting hard x-rays and neutrons in laser-fusion plasmas. Because the imager was a uniformly redundant array of penumbral aperture (URPA) arranged in an M-matrix, URPA leads to N times (N: the total number of apertures) enhancement of signal intensity in comparison with a single penumbral aperture. A recorded penumbral image was reconstructed by a computer-based heuristic method to reduce artifacts caused by noises contained in a penumbral image. Applicability of this technique was investigated by imaging x-rays emitted from laser-produced plasmas, demonstrating a spatial resolution of 16 {mu}m. Under the present conditions, the spatial resolution was determined dominantly by a detector resolution (10.5 {mu}m) and a signal-to-noise ratio of the obtained penumbral image.
Ueda, Tatsuki; Fujioka, Shinsuke; Nishimura, Hiroaki [Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871 (Japan); Nozaki, Shinya; Azuma, Rumiko [Transdisplinary Research Organization for Subtropics Island Studies, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0213 (Japan); Chen, Yen-Wei [College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Nojihigasi Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577 (Japan)
Extended Field of View Soft X-Ray Fourier Transform Holography: Toward Imaging Ultrafast Evolution in a Single Shot
Panoramic full-field imaging is demonstrated by applying spatial multiplexing to Fourier transform holography. Multiple object and reference waves extend the effective field of view for lensless imaging without compromising the spatial resolution. In this way, local regions of interest distributed throughout a sample can be simultaneously imaged with high spatial resolution. A method is proposed for capturing multiple ultrafast images of a sample with a single x-ray pulse.
Schlotter, W.F.; /Stanford U., Appl. Phys. Dept. /SLAC, SSRL; Luening, J.; /Paris, Lab Chim. Quantique /SOLEIL, Saint-Aubin /BESSY, Berlin; Rick, R.; Chen, K.; /Stanford U., Appl. Phys. Dept. /SLAC, SSRL; Scherz, A.; /SLAC, SSRL; Eisebitt, S.; Guenther, C.M.; Eberhardt, W.; /BESSY, Berlin; Hellwig, O.; /Hitachi Global Stor. Tech., San Jose; Stohr, J.; /SLAC, SSRL
Synthetic aperture design for increased SAR image rate
High resolution SAR images of a target scene at near video rates can be produced by using overlapped, but nevertheless, full-size synthetic apertures. The SAR images, which respectively correspond to the apertures, can be analyzed in sequence to permit detection of movement in the target scene.
Bielek, Timothy P. (Albuquerque, NM); Thompson, Douglas G. (Albuqerque, NM); Walker, Bruce C. (Albuquerque, NM)
Simultaneous multi-headed imager geometry calibration method
A method for calibrating multi-headed high sensitivity and high spatial resolution dynamic imaging systems, especially those useful in the acquisition of tomographic images of small animals. The method of the present invention comprises: simultaneously calibrating two or more detectors to the same coordinate system; and functionally correcting for unwanted detector movement due to gantry flexing.
Tran, Vi-Hoa (Newport News, VA); Meikle, Steven Richard (Penshurst, AU); Smith, Mark Frederick (Yorktown, VA)
The Low-Resolution CCSM3
The low-resolution fully coupled configuration of the Community Climate System Model version 3 (CCSM3) is described and evaluated. In this most economical configuration, an ocean at nominal 3� resolution is coupled to an atmosphere model at T31 ...
Stephen G. Yeager; Christine A. Shields; William G. Large; James J. Hack
Radiative and climate impacts of absorbing aerosols
resolved Radiative Transfer Model: MODTRAN���.131 APMEXModerate Imaging Spectroradiometer MODTRAN MODerate spectralprovide by MODTRAN����������������������������133 Table 4.2
Zhu, Aihua
Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy
Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Print Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Print Electron and x-ray microscopes are a valuable tool for both the life and materials sciences, but they are limited in their ability to image with nanometer-scale resolution in three dimensions nonperiodic objects that are several microns in size. To fill this gap, the technique of coherent x-ray diffraction imaging now under development takes advantage of the penetrating power of x rays while simultaneously removing the limitations imposed by lens-based optical systems. Researchers from Stony Brook University, in collaboration with scientists at the ALS and Cornell University, have taken a large step in this direction by using a lensless x-ray diffraction microscope to image a freeze-dried yeast cell to better than 30-nm resolution. Images were made at several angular orientations of the cell.
Conflict Resolution Day | Department of Energy
Conflict Resolution Day Conflict Resolution Day Conflict Resolution Day October 18, 2012 10:00AM EDT All events in the Department of Energy's Forrestal Main Auditorium, Germantown employees can watch a VTC broadcast in Germantown A-117 and Cloverleaf 2071. Conflict Resolution Day takes a look at mediation, conciliation, negotiation, arbitration, the ombudsman, and facilitation to resolve conflict in the workplace. Employees and contractors are invited to join for any/all of the following events: 10:00am - 10:30am Cookies, Coffee, and Conversation 10:30am - 11:30am Self-Mediation presentation 11:30am - 12:00pm De-Stressing in a Stressful Environment presentation 12:00pm - 1:00pm Informal Information Session 1:00pm - 2:00pm Ergonomics IL Creations Forrestal Cafetaria will be offering a Conflict Resolution Day
Resolute Marine Energy Inc | Open Energy Information
Resolute Marine Energy Inc Resolute Marine Energy Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Resolute Marine Energy Inc Address 3 Post Office Square 3rd floor Place Massachusetts Zip 02109-3905 Country United States Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic Product Resolute is a wave-power technology developer operating in Massachusetts. Year founded 2007 Number of employees 12 Phone number 917-626-6790 Website http://www.resolutemarine.com References Resolute Marine Energy LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This company is listed in the Marine and Hydrokinetic Technology Database. This company is involved in the following MHK Projects: Ocean Trials Ver 2 SurgeWEC Ocean Testing 1 This company is involved in the following MHK Technologies: AirWEC SurgeWEC
Simple microwave field imaging technique using hot atomic vapor cells
We demonstrate a simple technique for microwave field imaging using alkali atoms in a vapor cell. The microwave field to be measured drives Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions, which are detected in a spatially resolved way using a laser beam and a CCD camera. Our vapor cell geometry enables single-shot recording of two-dimensional microwave field images with 350 {\\mu}m spatial resolution. Using microfabricated vapor cell arrays, a resolution of a few micrometers seems feasible. All vector components of the microwave magnetic field can be imaged. Our apparatus is simple and compact and does not require cryogenics or ultra-high vacuum.
B�hi, Pascal
We demonstrate a simple technique for microwave field imaging using alkali atoms in a vapor cell. The microwave field to be measured drives Rabi oscillations on atomic hyperfine transitions, which are detected in a spatially resolved way using a laser beam and a camera. Our vapor cell geometry enables single-shot recording of two-dimensional microwave field images with 350 {\\mu}m spatial resolution. Using microfabricated vapor cell arrays, a resolution of a few micrometers seems feasible. All vector components of the microwave magnetic field can be imaged. Our apparatus is simple and compact and does not require cryogenics or ultra-high vacuum.
Pascal B�hi; Philipp Treutlein
High-speed nanometer-resolved imaging vibrometer and velocimeter
Conventional laser vibrometers are incapable of performing multidimensional vibrometry at high speeds because they build on single-point measurements and rely on beam scanning, significantly limiting their utility and precision. Here we introduce a laser vibrometer that performs high-speed multidimensional imaging-based vibration and velocity measurements with nanometer-scale axial resolution without the need for beam scanning. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate real-time microscopic imaging of acoustic vibrations with 1 nm axial resolution, 1200 image pixels, and 30 ps dwell time at 36.7 MHz scan rate.
Mahjoubfar, Ata; Goda, Keisuke; Fard, Ali [Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); Ayazi, Ali; Kim, Sang Hyup [Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); Jalali, Bahram [Department of Electrical Engineering, Photonics Laboratory, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); California NanoSystems Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States)
... a href http://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/images/Nanopore 20device.avi See video /a PHY, DARPA, spectroscopy See also http://www.nist.gov/pml ...
... from the bright glare in the distance transmit images of a cat-like face at ... Though false color has been added to the cats faces, they are otherwise ...
Spectroscopic imaging in electron microscopy
In the scanning transmission electron microscope, multiple signals can be simultaneously collected, including the transmitted and scattered electron signals (bright field and annular dark field or Z-contrast images), along with spectroscopic signals such as inelastically scattered electrons and emitted photons. In the last few years, the successful development of aberration correctors for the electron microscope has transformed the field of electron microscopy, opening up new possibilities for correlating structure to functionality. Aberration correction not only allows for enhanced structural resolution with incident probes into the sub-angstrom range, but can also provide greater probe currents to facilitate mapping of intrinsically weak spectroscopic signals at the nanoscale or even the atomic level. In this issue of MRS Bulletin, we illustrate the power of the new generation of electron microscopes with a combination of imaging and spectroscopy. We show the mapping of elemental distributions at atomic resolution and also the mapping of electronic and optical properties at unprecedented spatial resolution, with applications ranging from graphene to plasmonic nanostructures, and oxide interfaces to biology.
Pennycook, Stephen J [ORNL; Colliex, C. [Universite Paris Sud, Orsay, France
Neutron Imaging Reveals Internal Plant Hydraulic Dynamics
Many terrestrial ecosystem processes are constrained by water availability and transport within the soil. Knowledge of plant water fluxes is thus critical for assessing mechanistic processes linked to biogeochemical cycles, yet resolution of root structure and xylem water transport dynamics has been a particularly daunting task for the ecologist. Through neutron imaging, we demonstrate the ability to non-invasively monitor individual root functionality and water fluxes within Zea mays L. (maize) and Panicum virgatum L. (switchgrass) seedlings growing in a sandy medium. Root structure and growth were readily imaged by neutron radiography and neutron computed tomography. Seedlings were irrigated with water or deuterium oxide and imaged through time as a growth lamp was cycled on to alter leaf demand for water. Sub-millimeter scale resolution reveals timing and magnitudes of root water uptake, redistribution within the roots, and root-shoot hydraulic linkages, relationships not well characterized by other techniques.
Warren, Jeffrey [ORNL; Bilheux, Hassina Z [ORNL; Kang, Misun [ORNL; Voisin, Sophie [ORNL; Cheng, Chu-Lin [ORNL; Horita, Jusuke [ORNL; Perfect, Edmund [ORNL
Methodology and apparatus for diffuse photon imaging
Non-invasive near infrared optical medical imaging devices for both hematoma detection in the brain and early tumor detection in the breast is achieved using image reconstruction which allows a mapping of the position dependent contrast diffusive propagation constants, which are related to the optical absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient in the tissue, at near infrared wavelengths. Spatial resolutions in the range of 5 mm for adult brain sizes and breast sizes can be achieved. The image reconstruction utilizes WKB approximation on most probable diffusion paths which has as lowest order approximation the straight line-of-sight between the plurality of sources and the plurality of detectors. The WKB approximation yields a set of linear equations in which the contrast optical absorption coefficients are the unknowns and for which signals can be generated to produce a pixel map of the contrast optical resolution of the scanned tissue. 58 figs.
Feng, S.C.; Zeng, F.; Zhao, H.L.
Cranial anatomy and detection of ischemic stroke in the cat by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging
Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images of cat heads were obtained using a small, experimental imaging system. As a prelude to the study of experimental ischemic brain infarction, the normal cat head was imaged for identification of anatomical features. Images of one cat which had undergone ligation of the middle cerebral artery three weeks previously showed brain changes associated with chronic ischemic stroke and compared favorably with findings on computed tomography (CT). The NMR images have millimetric spatial resolution. NMR parameters inherent in the tissues provide intensity variations and are sufficiently sensitive to yield contrast resolution surpassing that of CT.
Buonanno, F.S.; Pykett, I.L.; Kistler, J.P.; Vielma, J.; Brady, T.J.; Hinshaw, W.S.; Goldman, M.R.; Newhouse, J.H.; Pohost, G.M.
History Images
History Images History Images Los Alamos History in Images Los Alamos has a proud history and heritage of almost 70 years of science and innovation. The people of the Laboratory work on advanced technologies to provide the best scientific and engineering solutions to many of the nation's most crucial security challenges. Click thumbnails to enlarge. Photos arranged by most recent first, horizontal formats before vertical. See Flickr for more sizes and details. Back in the day Back in the day LA bridge in Los Alamos LA bridge in Los Alamos 1945 Army-Navy "E" Award 1945 Army-Navy "E" Award Louis Rosen Louis Rosen Bob Van Ness Robert Kuckuck and Michael Anastasio Bob Van Ness Robert Kuckuck and Michael Anastasio TA-18 TA-18 Elmer Island TU-4 assembly area Elmer Island TU-4 assembly area
Three Dimensional Molecular Imaging for Lignocellulosic Materials
components sequestered in the rigid cell walls of plants. A detailed chemical and structural understanding of this pre-enzymatic processing in space and time was the focus of this program. We worked to develop new imaging strategies that produce real-time molecular speciation information in situ; extract sub-surface information about the effects of processing; and follow the spatial and temporal characteristics of the molecular species in the matrix and correlate this complex profile with saccharification. Spatially correlated SIMS and Raman imaging were used to provide high quality, high resolution subcellular images of Miscanthus cross sections. Furthermore, the combination of information from the mass spectrometry and Raman scattering allows specific chemical assignments of observed structures, difficult to assign from either imaging approach alone and lays the foundation for subsequent heterocorrelated imaging experiments targeted at more challenging biological systems, such as the interacting plant-microbe systems relevant to the rhizosphere.
Bohn, Paul W.; Sweedler, Jonathan V.
Argonne Chemical Sciences & Engineering - Fundamental Interactions Images
Fundamental Interactions Images Fundamental Interactions Images These images may be used freely as long as they are accompanied by a statement that they were used "Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory" (see disclaimer). To download a larger or high-resolution version of each picture, right-click on the "Download high-resolution image" text beneath the picture and select "Save Link/Image As..." from the resulting pop-up menu. Shock Tube with Joe Michael and Raghu Sivaramakrishnan Joe Michael (left) and Raghu Sivaramakrishnan stand in front of a shock tube developed for the study of the kinetics of chemical reactions at the high temperatures relevant for combusion. Download high resolution image. Thermochemical subnetwork diagram Shown is a thermochemical subnetwork relevant to the determination of the heat of formation of the OH radical. Vertices of the graph indicate thermochemical quantities, such as the heats of formation, while the lines of the graph represent the measurements connecting these quantities for different species. The Active Tables approach developed by Branko Ruscic at Argonne simultaneously optimizes the thermochemical quantities for all species in the graph, taking into account all of the existing experimental and theoretical results, and weighting them by their uncertainties. Download high resolution image.
Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory
Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory Transportation Work Package Reports Transportation Issues and Resolutions Compilation of Laboratory Transportation Work Package Reports The Transportation Team identified the retrievability and subcriticality safety functions to be of primary importance to the transportation of UNF after extended storage and to transportation of high burnup fuel. The tasks performed and described herein address issues related to retrievability and subcriticality; integrity of cladding (embrittled, high burnup cladding, loads applied to cladding during transport), criticality analyses of failed UNF within transport packages, moderator exclusion concepts, stabilization of cladding with canisters for criticality control;
Environmental Conflict Resolution | Department of Energy
Environmental Environmental Conflict Resolution Environmental Conflict Resolution In November 2005, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) jointly signed a memorandum directing Federal agencies to seek to increase the effective use of environmental conflict resolution (ECR) and collaborative problem solving (see http://www.whitehouse.gov/). The Department of Energy defines ECR as an ADR process which may include the use of a neutral third party, such as a mediator or facilitator to assist in the prevention or resolution of environmental disputes. ECR may also include the use of other collaborative processes (that may not necessarily use a neutral third party) to prevent or resolve environmental disputes. The memorandum also
Adopting ontologies for multisource identity resolution
Identity resolution aims at identifying the newly presented facts and linking them to their previous mentions. Our main hypothesis is that variations of one and the same fact can be recognised, duplications removed and their aggregation actually increases ...
Milena Yankova; Horacio Saggion; Hamish Cunningham
Range resolution of unequal strength targets
This paper examines the problem of resolving targets whose amplitudes may differ. A common metric used for resolution that assumes targets of equal strength is modified for the subject scenario. An expression for range ...
Carlson, Blair D.
A probabilistic model for associative anaphora resolution
This paper proposes a probabilistic model for associative anaphora resolution in Japanese. Associative anaphora is a type of bridging anaphora, in which the anaphor and its antecedent are not coreferent. Our model regards associative anaphora as a kind ...
Ryohei Sasano; Sadao Kurohashi
Sensitivity of Simulated Climate to Model Resolution
Dynamical measures of the climate (e.g., winds, eddy fluxes) simulated by a general circulation model are compared at different horizontal and vertical resolutions for the December, January, and February period. The simulations of the troposphere ...
Byron A. Boville
Alternative Dispute Resolution Terms | Department of Energy
Alternative Dispute Resolution Terms Alternative Dispute Resolution Terms Alternative Dispute Resolution Terms Dispute Systems Design Dispute systems design is a process for assisting an organization to develop a structure for handling a series of similar recurring or anticipated disputes (e.g., environmental enforcement cases or EEO complaints within a federal agency) more effectively. Facilitation Facilitation is a collaborative process in which a neutral seeks to assist a group of individuals or other parties to discuss constructively a number of complex, potentially controversial issues. The neutral in a facilitation process (the "facilitator") plays a less active role than a mediator and, unlike a mediator, does not see "resolution" of a conflict as a goal of his or her work.
Assessment of Albedo Derived from Moderate- Assessment of Albedo Derived from Moderate- Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer at the Southern Great Plains Site C. Schaaf, A. Strahler, J. Salomon, M. Roman, J. Hodges, and J. Liu Department of Geography/Center for Remote Sensing Boston University Boston, Massachusetts Summary The moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF)/Albedo product (Schaaf et al. 2002; Lucht et al. 2000) has been produced at 1 km resolution from Terra since March 2000 and as a combined product from Aqua and Terra since July 2002. The retrieval algorithm uses multi-spectral, atmospherically corrected, cloud-free surface reflectances over a 16-day period with a semi-empirical kernel-driven BRDF model to characterize the
Human Genome Program Image Gallery (from genomics.energy.gov)
This collection contains approximately 240 images from the genome programs of DOE's Office of Science. The images are divided into galleries related to biofuels research, systems biology, and basic genomics. Each image has a title, a basic citation, and a credit or source. Most of the images are original graphics created by the Genome Management Information System (GMIS). GMIS images are recognizable by their credit line. Permission to use these graphics is not needed, but please credit the U.S. Department of Energy Genome Programs and provide the website http://genomics.energy.gov. Other images were provided by third parties and not created by the U.S. Department of Energy. Users must contact the person listed in the credit line before using those images. The high-resolution images can be downloaded.
Using object-based analysis of image data to count birds: mapping of Lesser Flamingos at Kamfers Dam, Northern Cape, South Africa
Knowing instantaneous locations and numbers of individuals in animal populations is a major requirement for wildlife and conservation ecology. Recent advances in very high spatial resolution digital-imaging systems and in object-based image-analysis ...
Geoff Groom; Ib Krag Petersen; Mark D. Anderson; Anthony D. Fox
NREL GIS Data: Continental United States Photovoltaic High Resolution |
Photovoltaic High Resolution Photovoltaic High Resolution Dataset Summary Description Abstract: Monthly and annual average solar resource potential for 48 Contiguous United States. Purpose: Provide information on the solar resource potential for the 48 contiguous states. Supplemental_Information: This data provides monthly average and annual average daily total solar resource averaged over surface cells of 0.1 degrees in both latitude and longitude, or about 10 km in size. This data was developed using the State University of New York/Albany satellite radiation model. This model was developed by Dr. Richard Perez and collaborators at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and other universities for the U.S. Department of Energy. Specific information about this model can be found in Perez, et al. (2002). This model uses hourly radiance images from geostationary weather satellites, daily snow cover data, and monthly averages of atmospheric water vapor, trace gases, and the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere to calculate the hourly total insolation (sun and sky) falling on a horizontal surface. Atmospheric water vapor, trace gases, and aerosols are derived from a variety of sources. The procedures for converting the collector at latitude tilt are described in Marion and Wilcox (1994). Where possible, existing ground measurement stations are used to validate the data. Nevertheless, there is uncertainty associated with the meterological input to the model, since some of the input parameters are not avalable at a 10km resolution. As a result, it is believed that the modeled values are accurate to approximately 10% of a true measured value within the grid cell. Due to terrain effects and other micoclimate influences, the local cloud cover can vary significantly even within a single grid cell. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the modeled estimates increase with distance from reliable measurement sources and with the complexity of the terrain.
Hyperspectral Imaging At Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area (Laney, 2005) |
Imaging At Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area (Laney, 2005) Imaging At Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area (Laney, 2005) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Hyperspectral Imaging At Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area (Laney, 2005) Exploration Activity Details Location Dixie Valley Geothermal Field Area Exploration Technique Hyperspectral Imaging Activity Date Spectral Imaging Sensor AVIRIS Usefulness useful DOE-funding Unknown Notes Geology and Geophysics of Geothermal Systems, Gregory Nash, 2005. Hyperspectral data was also used to successfully map soil-mineral anomalies that are structurally related in Dixie Valley, Nevada. In the area of the power plant, 20 m spatial resolution AVIRIS data were used. For Dixie Meadows, Nevada, 3 m spatial resolution HyVista HyMap hyperspectral data
Storage and retrieval of large digital images
Image compression and viewing are implemented with (1) a method for performing DWT-based compression on a large digital image with a computer system possessing a two-level system of memory and (2) a method for selectively viewing areas of the image from its compressed representation at multiple resolutions and, if desired, in a client-server environment. The compression of a large digital image I(x,y) is accomplished by first defining a plurality of discrete tile image data subsets T{sub ij}(x,y) that, upon superposition, form the complete set of image data I(x,y). A seamless wavelet-based compression process is effected on I(x,y) that is comprised of successively inputting the tiles T{sub ij}(x,y) in a selected sequence to a DWT routine, and storing the resulting DWT coefficients in a first primary memory. These coefficients are periodically compressed and transferred to a secondary memory to maintain sufficient memory in the primary memory for data processing. The sequence of DWT operations on the tiles T{sub ij}(x,y) effectively calculates a seamless DWT of I(x,y). Data retrieval consists of specifying a resolution and a region of I(x,y) for display. The subset of stored DWT coefficients corresponding to each requested scene is determined and then decompressed for input to an inverse DWT, the output of which forms the image display. The repeated process whereby image views are specified may take the form an interaction with a computer pointing device on an image display from a previous retrieval. 6 figs.
Bradley, J.N.
High resolution fossil fuel combustion CO2 emission fluxes for...
High resolution fossil fuel combustion CO2 emission fluxes for the United States Title High resolution fossil fuel combustion CO2 emission fluxes for the United States Publication...
A remark on higher order RUE-resolution with EXTRUE
We show that a prominent counterexample for the completeness of first order RUE-resolution does not apply to the higher order RUE-resolution approach EXTRUE.
Benzmueller, Christoph
Observation of Lithium Ions at Atomic Resolution Using an ...
Presentation Title, Observation of Lithium Ions at Atomic Resolution Using an ... at atomic resolution in several important electrode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007, P.L. 110...
Marketing Administration Other Agencies You are here Home Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007, P.L. 110-5 Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007,...
Analysis of replication factories in human cells by super-resolution light microscopy
against two key components, PCNA and RPA. RPA is a heterotrimeric single stranded DNA (ssDNA)-binding protein that associates with the template strands produced at replication forks by the action of the replicative helicase. It is important for strand... in these STED images, cannot be detected if the confocal mode is used (table 1), demon- strating that the increase in resolution obtained with STED microscopy can give better insight into biological processes in vivo. the replicative helicase is not inhibited...
Cseresnyes, Zoltan; Schwarz, Ulf; Green, Catherine M
Analysis of porosity in lower Ismay phylloid algal packstone using high-resolution computed x-ray tomography
Three-dimensional images of porosity were created using high- resolution computed tomographic (CT) analysis as part of a larger study of phylloid algal packstone from bioherms in the lower Ismay (Des Moinesian, Paradox Formation). The sample imaged was collected at Eight Foot Rapids along the San Juan River in southeastern Utah 40 km west of the Aneth field. The larger study includes analysis of lithofacies, diagenesis, and quantitative analysis of porosity. Our goal is to predictively model porosity in phylloid algal reservoirs. Field observations suggest a relationship between porosity and lithology. Porosity is best established in phylloid algal packstone such as the one chosen for three-dimensional imaging. Locally, porosity is also associated with fractures and stylolitization. Petrographic observations suggest that formation of moldic and vuggy porosity in this sample was controlled by multiple episodes of dissolution and infill of blocky calcite. Porosity in thin section (5.94%) was measured using NIH Image (public domain) on a Macintosh desktop computer. High-resolution CT radiography of a 2.3 cm diameters cm high, cylindrical sample generated a series of 110 images at 0.1 mm intervals. Three-dimensional isosurface images of porosity reveal the degree of interconnection, pore size (up to 12 mm long and from 0.5 mm to 7 mm wide), and their highly irregular shape. These images can also be used to create animations of scans through the rock and three-dimensional, rotating images of the pores.
Beall, J.L., Gordon, I.T.; Gournay, J.P. (Univ. of Texas, Austin, TX (United States)) (and others)
Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection
Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print Wednesday, 26 October 2011 00:00 The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities in the field of lensless imaging. XFELs combine the advantages of sychrotron light sources (high brightness and x-ray wavelengths relevant to atomic and molecular phenomena) with the advantages of visible-light lasers (highly coherent beams). All of these characteristics are important for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging-lensless imaging techniques that are proving to be integral to single-shot, high-resolution imaging of both complex materials and biological samples. Existing techniques are typically designed for transmission geometry, however, and use isolated objects, requiring special sample fabrication and restricting the type of samples under investigation. Recently, researchers from the ALS and the University of Oregon have shown at ALS Beamline 12.0.2 that it is possible to form x-ray holograms in reflection geometry by using the light scattered from a sample, opening the door to lensless imaging of a wealth of new material samples.
Instrument Series: Spectroscopy and Diffraction XPS Imaging
XPS Imaging XPS Imaging The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) imaging system provides fast, quantitative, real-time parallel imaging with highest resolution spectroscopy at all analysis areas. In addition, the system is equipped with temperature programmed desorption (TPD), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), ion scattering spectroscopy (ISS), a cluster/Ar + ion gun, and a five-axis automated stage with variable temperature sample environment at the analysis chamber. The system is also integrated with a radial distribution chamber (RDC), a full-size glove box, and a cold-stage at the sample introduction for air-sensitive, liquid-semisolid, biological and environmental sample transfers. In addition, the RDC has a simple sample transfer mechanism to the
High resolution A/D conversion based on piecewise conversion at lower resolution
Piecewise conversion of an analog input signal is performed utilizing a plurality of relatively lower bit resolution A/D conversions. The results of this piecewise conversion are interpreted to achieve a relatively higher bit resolution A/D conversion without sampling frequency penalty.
Terwilliger, Steve (Albuquerque, NM)
High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable resolution global climate model
High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable resolution global climate understand regional aspects of the South Asian monsoon rainfall distribution and the interactions between monsoon circulation and precipitation. For this purpose, two sets of ten member realizations are produced
Hourdin, Chez Frédéric
Method for detecting an image of an object
A method for detecting an absorption, refraction and scatter image of an object by independently analyzing, detecting, digitizing, and combining images acquired on a high and a low angle side of a rocking curve of a crystal analyzer. An x-ray beam which is generated by any suitable conventional apparatus can be irradiated upon either a Bragg type crystal analyzer or a Laue type crystal analyzer. Images of the absorption, refraction and scattering effects are detected, such as on an image plate, and then digitized. The digitized images are simultaneously solved, preferably on a pixel-by-pixel basis, to derive a combined visual image which has dramatically improved contrast and spatial resolution over an image acquired through conventional radiology methods.
Chapman, Leroy Dean (4 Vermont Cir., Bolingbrook, IL 60440); Thomlinson, William C. (32 E. Masem, East Patchogue, NY 11772); Zhong, Zhong (Apt. I 1131 Chaping 700 E. Loop Rd., Stonybrook, NY 11790)
A High Resolution Scale-of-four
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
A high resolution scale-of-four has been developed to be used in conjunction with the nuclear particle detection devices in applications where the counting rate is unusually high. Specifically, it is intended to precede the commercially available medium resolution scaling circuits and so decrease the resolving time of the counting system. The circuit will function reliably on continuously recurring pulses separated by less than 0.1 microseconds. It will resolve two pulses (occurring at a moderate repetition rate) which are spaced at 0.04 microseconds. A five-volt input signal is sufficient to actuate the device.
Fitch, V.
Development of a New Underwater Bathymetric Laser Imaging System: L-Bath
The design, construction, and performance of a new high-resolution underwater bathymetric prototype system (L-Bath) with extended imaging capability is presented. The design offers simultaneous reflectance and depth information on a pixel-by-...
Karl D. Moore; Jules S. Jaffe; Benjamin L. Ochoa
Geometric and radiometric improvement of an ikonos panchromatic image using a digital surface model
High resolution satellite images are now important data sources for map update in urban areas. Digital surface models (DSM) acquired by laser scanning are also becoming popular for urban planning and other applications. This paper deals with the integration ...
Jos� Gon�alves
Imaging Hydraulic Fractures: Source Location Uncertainty Analysis At The UPRC Carthage Test Site
Hydraulic fracturing is a useful tool for enhancing gas and oil production. High-resolution seismic imaging of the fracture geometry and fracture growth process is the key in determining optimal spacing and location of ...
Li, Yingping
Implementation and Validation of Range Imaging on a UHF Radar Wind Profiler
The available range resolution of pulsed radar wind profilers is usually limited by bandwidth restrictions. Range imaging (RIM) has recently been developed as a means of mitigating these limitations by operating the wind profilers over a small ...
Phillip B. Chilson; Tian-You Yu; Richard G. Strauch; Andreas Muschinski; Robert D. Palmer
Monitoring Tropical-Cyclone Intensity Using Environmental Wind Fields Derived from Short-Interval Satellite Images
Rapid-scan visible images from the Visible Infrared Spin Scan Radiometer (VISSR) sensor on board SMS-2 and GOES-1 have been used to derive high-resolution upper and lower tropospheric environmental wind fields around three western Atlantic ...
Edward Rodgers; R. Cecil Gentry
Evaluating Added Benefits of Assimilating GOES Imager Radiance Data in GSI for Coastal QPFs
The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) provide high-resolution, temporally continuous imager radiance data over the West Coast (GOES-West currently known as GOES-11) and East Coast (GOES-East currently GOES-12) of the United ...
Zhengkun Qin; Xiaolei Zou; Fuzhong Weng
Measurements of Detailed Temperature Profiles within the Radar Range Gate Using the Range Imaging Technique
The present study applies the range imaging (RIM) technique to radio acoustic sounding system (RASS) measurements in an attempt to improve the vertical resolution of temperature profiles obtained by RASS measurements.
Jun-ichi Furumoto; Tomonori Shinoda; Atsushi Matsugatani; Toshitaka Tsuda
Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope (UVIT) on ASTROSAT
Ultra Violet Imaging Telescope on ASTROSAT Satellite mission is a suite of Far Ultra Violet (FUV 130 to 180 nm), Near Ultra Violet (NUV 200 to 300 nm) and Visible band (VIS 320 to 550nm) imagers. ASTROSAT is the first multi wavelength mission of INDIA. UVIT will image the selected regions of the sky simultaneously in three channels and observe young stars, galaxies, bright UV Sources. FOV in each of the 3 channels is about 28 arc-minute. Targeted angular resolution in the resulting UV images is better than 1.8 arc-second (better than 2.0 arc-second for the visible channel). Two identical co-aligned telescopes (T1, T2) of Ritchey-Chretien configuration (Primary mirror of 375 mm diameter) collect celestial radiation and feed to the detector system via a selectable filter on a filter wheel mechanism; gratings are available in filter wheels of FUV and NUV channels for slit-less low resolution spectroscopy. The detector system for each of the 3 channels is generically identical. One of the telescopes images in the...
Kumar, Amit; Hutchings, J; Kamath, P U; Kathiravan, S; Mahesh, P K; Murthy, J; S, Nagbhushana; Pati, A K; Rao, M N; Rao, N K; Sriram, S; Tandon, S N
Proton radiography application to medical imaging
In order to demonstrate the potential advantages of proton radiography for medical imaging, a 205 MeV proton radiography beam was developed using the Argonne National Laboratory Booster I synchrotron. Data were taken using a narrow scanning beam and an electronic detector system. The proton radiographs presented here demonstrate a significant dose reduction and improved mass resolution over conventional x-ray techniques. The radiographs also show significant differences in the proton stopping power of biological tissues and, therefore, considerable potential in soft tissue imaging. Also presented is the motivation for the interest in developing a proton tomographic scan system.
Kramer, S.L.; Moffett, D.R.; Martin, R.L.; Colton, E.P.; Steward, V.W.
Infrared Images of Shock-Heated Tin
High-resolution, gated infrared images were taken of tin samples shock heated to just below the 505 K melting point. Sample surfaces were either polished or diamond-turned, with grain sizes ranging from about 0.05 to 10 mm. A high explosive in contact with a 2-mm-thick tin sample induced a peak sample stress of 18 GPa. Interferometer data from similarly-driven tin shots indicate that immediately after shock breakout the samples spall near the free (imaged) surface with a scab thickness of about 0.1 mm.
Craig W. McCluskey; Mark D. Wilke; William D. Turley; Gerald D. Stevens; Lynn R. Veeser; Michael Grover
Argonne TTRDC - Transportation Images - Tesla Photo Gallery
Testing the Tesla Photo Gallery Testing the Tesla Photo Gallery Argonne transportation engineers evaluated an all-electric Tesla Roadster at the Advanced Powertrain Research Facility's new two-wheel drive dynamometer laboratory in April, 2010. Read story. The following images may be used freely as long as they are accompanied by a statement that they were used "Courtesy of Argonne National Laboratory" (see our disclaimer). To download the high-resolution version of each picture, right-click on the "Download high-resolution image" text beneath the picture and select "Save Link As..." from the resulting pop-up menu. tesla testing Mike Duoba, chief engineer at Argonne's Advanced Powertrain Research Facility, looks on as Geoff Amann, senior technician, completes a driving cycle with the all-electric Tesla Roadster at the Lab's two-wheel dynamometer laboratory. Read story. Download hi-res photo.
Lensless Imaging of Magnetic Nanostructures
Lensless Imaging of Magnetic Lensless Imaging of Magnetic Nanostructures Lensless Imaging of Magnetic Nanostructures Print Wednesday, 28 March 2012 00:00 Magnetism is useful for many devices and techniques, from electric motors and computer hard drives to magnetic resonance imaging used in medicine. By studying the basics of magnetism, scientists aim to better understand the fundamental physical principles that govern magnetic systems, perhaps leading to important new technologies. The high brightness and coherence of the ALS's soft x-rays have enabled scientists to apply lensless x-ray imaging for the first time to nanometer-scale magnetic structures in an alloy. Many Ways To See You open your eyes and detect the light rays streaming through your bedroom window (transmission), illuminating your socks on the floor (scattering). You put on your glasses (refraction) to detect the state of your image in the mirror (reflection). If you are an ALS scientist, perhaps you go to work and shine some x-ray light on a crystal to detect the arrangement of the atoms in the crystal (diffraction). Now, thanks to Turner et al., you can also shine some x-ray light on a magnetic sample to detect the arrangement of its electron spins through a method known as lensless imaging. This last example is an equally valid way to "see," but instead of using windows, lenses, or mirrors to manipulate light and construct an image, mathematical formulas are used to describe the effects that particles and fields in the sample have on the light. These formulas have always contained terms that relate to the electron spin of magnetic atoms, but they were previously ignored. Using the full formula allows for the determination of not only crystal structure, but magnetic spin distribution and orientation as well, with a spatial resolution limited only by the wavelength of x-rays used. This promising method can be used at any coherent light source, including modern x-ray free-electron lasers, where ultrashort pulses would freeze-frame magnetic changes, offering the potential for imaging in unprecedented detail the structure and motion of boundaries between regions with different magnetic orientation.
LHCb Beam-Gas Imaging Results
The high resolution of the LHCb vertex detector makes it possible to perform precise measurements of vertices of beam-gas and beam-beam interactions and allows beam parameters such as positions, angles and widths to be determined. Using the directly measured beam properties the novel beam-gas imaging method is applied in LHCb for absolute luminosity determination. In this contribution we briefly describe the method and the preliminary results obtained with May 2010 data.
P. Hopchev
Spatial Resolution of the Pressure Anemometer
One of the important characteristics of an anemometer is its spatial resolution. A three-dimensional generalization is given of a method to calculate the transfer function as a function of the wavenumber, devised by Kaimal et al. for a sonic ...
W. A. Oost; G. J. Komen
Bootstrapping path-based pronoun resolution
We present an approach to pronoun resolution based on syntactic paths. Through a simple bootstrapping procedure, we learn the likelihood of coreference between a pronoun and a candidate noun based on the path in the parse tree between the two entities. ...
Shane Bergsma; Dekang Lin
FM DANTE fast imaging and variations: emerging rf-based ultrafast imaging techniques
Keywords: DANTE fast imaging, NMR, burst imaging, fast chemical shift imaging, fast imaging, fast spectroscopic imaging, fast susceptibility imaging
Z. H. Cho; Y. M. Ro; I. K. Hong
Evaluating fusion techniques for multi-sensor satellite image data
Satellite image data fusion is a topic of interest in many areas including environmental monitoring, emergency response, and defense. Typically any single satellite sensor cannot provide all of the benefits offered by a combination of different sensors (e.g., high-spatial but low spectral resolution vs. low-spatial but high spectral, optical vs. SAR). Given the respective strengths and weaknesses of the different types of image data, it is beneficial to fuse many types of image data to extract as much information as possible from the data. Our work focuses on the fusion of multi-sensor image data into a unified representation that incorporates the potential strengths of a sensor in order to minimize classification error. Of particular interest is the fusion of optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images into a single, multispectral image of the best possible spatial resolution. We explore various methods to optimally fuse these images and evaluate the quality of the image fusion by using K-means clustering to categorize regions in the fused images and comparing the accuracies of the resulting categorization maps.
Martin, Benjamin W [ORNL; Vatsavai, Raju [ORNL
X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities in the field of lensless imaging. XFELs combine the advantages of sychrotron light sources (high brightness and x-ray wavelengths relevant to atomic and molecular phenomena) with the advantages of visible-light lasers (highly coherent beams). All of these characteristics are important for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging-lensless imaging techniques that are proving to be integral to single-shot, high-resolution imaging of both complex materials and biological samples. Existing techniques are typically designed for transmission geometry, however, and use isolated objects, requiring special sample fabrication and restricting the type of samples under investigation. Recently, researchers from the ALS and the University of Oregon have shown at ALS Beamline 12.0.2 that it is possible to form x-ray holograms in reflection geometry by using the light scattered from a sample, opening the door to lensless imaging of a wealth of new material samples.
Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print Lensless X-Ray Imaging in Reflection Print The advent of x-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) light sources has led to an outburst of research activities in the field of lensless imaging. XFELs combine the advantages of sychrotron light sources (high brightness and x-ray wavelengths relevant to atomic and molecular phenomena) with the advantages of visible-light lasers (highly coherent beams). All of these characteristics are important for coherent x-ray diffraction imaging-lensless imaging techniques that are proving to be integral to single-shot, high-resolution imaging of both complex materials and biological samples. Existing techniques are typically designed for transmission geometry, however, and use isolated objects, requiring special sample fabrication and restricting the type of samples under investigation. Recently, researchers from the ALS and the University of Oregon have shown at ALS Beamline 12.0.2 that it is possible to form x-ray holograms in reflection geometry by using the light scattered from a sample, opening the door to lensless imaging of a wealth of new material samples.
Improving GCM Aerosol Climatology using Satellite and Improving GCM Aerosol Climatology using Satellite and Ground-Based Measurements L. Liu Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York, New York A.A. Lacis, B.E. Carlson, M.I. Mishchenko, and B. Cairns NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies New York, New York Abstract A physically based aerosol climatology is essential to address the questions of global climate changes. We use available satellite and ground-based measurements, i.e., moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS), multiangle imaging spectroradiometer (MISR), Polarization and Directionality of the earth's Reflectance (POLDER), advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR), and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data, to characterize the geographic distribution
Lensless Imaging of Magnetic Nanostructures Print Lensless Imaging of Magnetic Nanostructures Print Magnetism is useful for many devices and techniques, from electric motors and computer hard drives to magnetic resonance imaging used in medicine. By studying the basics of magnetism, scientists aim to better understand the fundamental physical principles that govern magnetic systems, perhaps leading to important new technologies. The high brightness and coherence of the ALS's soft x-rays have enabled scientists to apply lensless x-ray imaging for the first time to nanometer-scale magnetic structures in an alloy. Many Ways To See You open your eyes and detect the light rays streaming through your bedroom window (transmission), illuminating your socks on the floor (scattering). You put on your glasses (refraction) to detect the state of your image in the mirror (reflection). If you are an ALS scientist, perhaps you go to work and shine some x-ray light on a crystal to detect the arrangement of the atoms in the crystal (diffraction). Now, thanks to Turner et al., you can also shine some x-ray light on a magnetic sample to detect the arrangement of its electron spins through a method known as lensless imaging. This last example is an equally valid way to "see," but instead of using windows, lenses, or mirrors to manipulate light and construct an image, mathematical formulas are used to describe the effects that particles and fields in the sample have on the light. These formulas have always contained terms that relate to the electron spin of magnetic atoms, but they were previously ignored. Using the full formula allows for the determination of not only crystal structure, but magnetic spin distribution and orientation as well, with a spatial resolution limited only by the wavelength of x-rays used. This promising method can be used at any coherent light source, including modern x-ray free-electron lasers, where ultrashort pulses would freeze-frame magnetic changes, offering the potential for imaging in unprecedented detail the structure and motion of boundaries between regions with different magnetic orientation.
Groundwater penetrating radar and high resolution seismic for locating shallow faults in unconsolidated sediments
Faults in shallow, unconsolidated sediments, particularly in coastal plain settings, are very difficult to discern during subsurface exploration yet have critical impact to groundwater flow, contaminant transport and geotechnical evaluations. This paper presents a case study using cross-over geophysical technologies in an area where shallow faulting is probable and known contamination exists. A comparison is made between Wenner and dipole-dipole resistivity data, ground penetrating radar, and high resolution seismic data. Data from these methods were verified with a cone penetrometer investigation for subsurface lithology and compared to existing monitoring well data. Interpretations from these techniques are compared with actual and theoretical shallow faulting found in the literature. The results of this study suggests that (1) the CPT study, combined with the monitoring well data may suggest that discontinuities in correlatable zones may indicate that faulting is present (2) the addition of the Wenner and dipole-dipole data may further suggest that offset zones exist in the shallow subsurface but not allow specific fault planes or fault stranding to be mapped (3) the high resolution seismic data will image faults to within a few feet of the surface but does not have the resolution to identify the faulting on the scale of our models, however it will suggest locations for upward continuation of faulted zones (4) offset 100 MHz and 200 MHz CMP GPR will image zones and features that may be fault planes and strands similar to our models (5) 300 MHz GPR will image higher resolution features that may suggest the presence of deeper faults and strands, and (6) the combination of all of the tools in this study, particularly the GPR and seismic may allow for the mapping of small scale, shallow faulting in unconsolidated sediments.
Wyatt, D.E. [Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States)]|[South Carolina Univ., Columbia, SC (United States). Earth Sciences and Resources Inst.; Waddell, M.G. [South Carolina Univ., Columbia, SC (United States). Earth Sciences and Resources Inst.; Sexton, B.G. [Microseeps Ltd., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Split image optical display
A video image is displayed from an optical panel by splitting the image into a plurality of image components, and then projecting the image components through corresponding portions of the panel to collectively form the image. Depth of the display is correspondingly reduced.
Veligdan, James T. (Manorville, NY)
The increasing size of cosmological simulations has led to the need for new visualization techniques. We focus on smoothed particle hydrodynamic (SPH) simulations run with the GADGET code and describe methods for visually accessing the entire simulation at full resolution. The simulation snapshots are rastered and processed on supercomputers into images that are ready to be accessed through a Web interface (GigaPan). This allows any scientist with a Web browser to interactively explore simulation data sets in both spatial and temporal dimensions and data sets which in their native format can be hundreds of terabytes in size or more. We present two examples, the first a static terapixel image of the MassiveBlack simulation, a P-GADGET SPH simulation with 65 billion particles, and the second an interactively zoomable animation of a different simulation with more than 1000 frames, each a gigapixel in size. Both are available for public access through the GigaPan Web interface. We also make our imaging software publicly available.
Feng Yu; Croft, Rupert A. C.; Di Matteo, Tiziana; Khandai, Nishikanta [Bruce and Astrid McWilliams Center for Cosmology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Sargent, Randy; Nourbakhsh, Illah; Dille, Paul; Bartley, Chris [Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Springel, Volker [Heidelberger Institut fuer Theoretische Studien, Schloss-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg (Germany); Jana, Anirban [Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Gardner, Jeffrey, E-mail: email@example.com [Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 (United States)
High resolution patterning of silica aerogels
Three-dimensional metallic structures are fabricated with high spatial resolution in silica aerogels. In our method, silica hydrogels are prepared with a standard base-catalyzed route, and exchanged with an aqueous solution typically containing Ag{sup +} ions (1 M) and 2-propanol (0.2 M). The metal ions are reduced photolytically with a table-top ultraviolet lamp, or radiolytically, with a focused X-ray beam. We fabricated dots and lines as small as 30 x 70 {micro}m, protruding for several mm into the bulk of the materials. The hydrogels are eventually supercritically dried to yield aerogels, without any measurable change in the shape and spatial resolution of the lithographed structures. Transmission electron microscopy shows that illuminated regions are composed by Ag clusters with a size of several {micro}m, separated by thin layers of silica.
Bertino, M.F.; Hund, J.F.; Sosa, J.; Zhang, G.; Sotiriou-Leventis, C.; Leventis, N.; Tokuhiro, A.T.; Terry, J. (UMR-MUST); (IIT)
The other high resolution post accelerator approach
There has been significant discussion in consideration of a high resolution mass separator followed by a RFQ and a linear accelerator as the basic format for IsoSpin Laboratory. There exists another strong possibility-namely a low-resolution mass separator coupled to a cyclotron. The major objection to this approach has been that the conversion from the +1 mass separator beam to a q/m beam of 1/4 to 1/3 is thought to be highly inefficient. Since we are in the fortunate position of having the two expensive components of this system available for tests (an on-line mass separator and an ECR source), we intend to couple these devices to actually measure these efficiencies and to test ideas for improving the efficiency. We present some specifics of this approach.
Moltz, D.M.; Tighe, R.J.; Rowe, M.W.; Ognibene, T.J.; Cerny, J.
ITER TCWS Conceptual Design Chit Resolution Report
Design Chits resulted from the External Conceptual Design Review (CDR) held at Cadarache on July 21-23, 2009 (Reference [5.1.3]). Those Chits were categorized into 3 categories in accordance with the following rules: Category 1 - Chits to be resolved before proceeding with preliminary design; Category 2 - Chits to be resolved during preliminary design; and Category 3 - Chits already resolved or covered by higher category Chits such that no further action is required. Prior to the preliminary design, all the category 1 chits were resolved and the category chit 1 resolution report was approved (Reference [5.1.4]). However, as the design has been evolving, one of the category 1 chits needs to be re-addressed. The purpose of this report is to present the resolutions to one CDR Category 1 Chit (Cat 1 Chit No.5) and twenty-three CDR Category 2 Chits. The Category 2 Chit resolutions presented are listed in order from item number one to item number twenty-three.
Berry, Jan [ORNL
Multicolor Underwater Imaging Techniques.
??Studies were conducted on multispectral polarimetric subtraction imaging techniques for underwater imaging that use a broadband light source. The main objective of this study was� (more)
Waggoner, Douglas Scott
Relativistic ultrafast rendering using time-of-flight imaging
We capture ultrafast movies of light in motion and synthesize physically valid visualizations. The effective exposure time for each frame is under two picoseconds (ps). Capturing a 2D video with this time resolution is highly challenging, given the low ... Keywords: relativistic effects, streak sensor, time-resolved imaging, ultrafast optics
Andreas Velten; Di Wu; Adrian Jarabo; Belen Masia; Christopher Barsi; Everett Lawson; Chinmaya Joshi; Diego Gutierrez; Moungi G. Bawendi; Ramesh Raskar
Single-molecule electron diffraction imaging with charge replacement
We investigate the possibility of non-destructive electron diffraction imaging of a single molecule to determine its structure. The molecular specimen will be held on a free-standing sheet of graphene. Due to the high conductivity of graphene, electrons lost by ionization would be rapidly replaced, enabling repeated nondestructive interrogation. Limits of resolution, maximum particle size and required electron flux are assessed.
Fill, E E; Raizen, M
Weighted Distance Transforms for Images Using Elongated Voxel Grids
In this paper we investigate weighted distance transforms in 3D images using elongated voxel grids. We use a local neighbourhood of size 3 � 3 � 3 and assume a voxel grid with equal resolution along two axes and lower along the third. The weights (local ...
Ida-Maria Sintorn; Gunilla Borgefors
Interactive painterly stylization of images, videos and 3D animations
We introduce a real-time system that converts images, video, or 3D animation sequences to artistic renderings in various painterly styles. The algorithm, which is entirely executed on the GPU, can efficiently process 512 resolution frames containing ... Keywords: GPU processing, non-photorealistic rendering, painterly rendering, particle systems, video processing
Jingwan Lu; Pedro V. Sander; Adam Finkelstein
Image plates as x-ray detectors in plasma physics experiments
The performance of image plates based on the photostimulable phosphor BaF(Br,l):Eu{sup 2+} has been investigated and compared with x-ray film. Evaluation of detective quantum efficiency (DQE), sensitivity, dynamic range, and linearity was carried out for several types of commercially available image plate, using the Excalibur soft x-ray calibration facility at AWE. Image plate response was found to be linear over a dynamic range of 5 orders of magnitude. One type of image plate was found to have a number of advantages for soft x-ray detection, with a measured sensitivity 1 order of magnitude greater than that of Kodak Industrex CX and DEF-5 x-ray film. The DQE of this plate was found to be superior to that of film at low [less than 10{sup 3} photons/(50 {mu}m){sup 2}] and high fluxes [greater than 10{sup 4} photons/(50 {mu}m){sup 2}]. The spatial resolution of image plates, scanned with several models of commercial image plate readers, has been evaluated using a USAF resolution test target. The highest spatial resolution measured is 35 {mu}m. Though this is significantly lower than the resolution possible with film, it is sufficient for many applications. Image plates were fielded in a refractive x-ray lens imaging diagnostic on the 1 TW Helen laser and these results are discussed.
Gales, S.G.; Bentley, C.D. [AWE Aldermaston, Reading RG7 4PR (United Kingdom)
Regional crop monitoring and discrimination based on simulated ENVISAT ASAR wide swath mode images
The current paper investigates the potential contribution of ENVISAT wide swath (WS) images for discrimination and monitoring of crops at a regional scale. The study was based on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired throughout an entire growing ... Keywords: Coarse spatial resolution, Crop discrimination, Crop monitoring, ENVISAT, Synthetic aperture radar, Wide swath-ASAR
X. Blaes; F. Holecz; H. J. C. van Leeuwen; P. Defourny
Quest for an advanced image standard: a report from the trenches
The advancement of science thrives on futuristic imagery. Such images can be abstractly n-dimensional and physically multimodal. They frequently consist of very large quantities of pixels that must be sub-sampled at multiple resolutions. Because there ... Keywords: archiving, high computational performance, images, interoperability, multidimensional, multimodal, multiscale, pixels, preservation
Matthew Dougherty
A review of log-polar imaging for visual perception in robotics
Log-polar imaging consists of a type of methods that represent visual information with a space-variant resolution inspired by the visual system of mammals. It has been studied for about three decades and has surpassed conventional approaches in robotics ... Keywords: Active vision, Foveal imaging, Log-polar mapping, Real-time robotics
V. Javier Traver; Alexandre Bernardino
Dual transmission grating based imaging radiometer for tokamak edge and divertor plasmas
The designs of single transmission grating based extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) imaging spectrometers can be adapted to build an imaging radiometer for simultaneous measurement of both spectral ranges. This paper describes the design of such an imaging radiometer with dual transmission gratings. The radiometer will have an XUV coverage of 20-200 A with a {approx}10 A resolution and a VUV coverage of 200-2000 A with a {approx}50 A resolution. The radiometer is designed to have a spatial view of 16 Degree-Sign , with a 0.33 Degree-Sign resolution and a time resolution of {approx}10 ms. The applications for such a radiometer include spatially resolved impurity monitoring and electron temperature measurements in the tokamak edge and the divertor. As a proof of principle, the single grating instruments were used to diagnose a low temperature reflex discharge and the relevant data is also included in this paper.
Kumar, Deepak; Clayton, Daniel J.; Parman, Matthew; Stutman, Dan; Tritz, Kevin; Finkenthal, Michael [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218 (United States)
Atomic resolution of Lithium Ions in LiCoO
LiCoO2 is the most common lithium storage material for lithium rechargeable batteries, used widely to power portable electronic devices such as laptop computers. Lithium arrangements in the CoO2 framework have a profound effect on the structural stability and electrochemical properties of LixCoO2 (0 < x < 1), however, probing lithium ions has been difficult using traditional X-ray and neutron diffraction techniques. Here we have succeeded in simultaneously resolving columns of cobalt, oxygen, and lithium atoms in layered LiCoO2 battery material using experimental focal series of LiCoO2 images obtained at sub-Angstrom resolution in a mid-voltage transmission electron microscope. Lithium atoms are the smallest and lightest metal atoms, and scatter electrons only very weakly. We believe our observations of lithium to be the first by electron microscopy, and that they show promise to direct visualization of the ordering of lithium and vacancy in LixCoO2.
Shao-Horn, Yang; Croguennec, Laurence; Delmas, Claude; Nelson, Chris; O' Keefe, Michael A.
Sensor orientation for high-resolution satellite imagery
As high-resolution satellite imagery (HRSI) attracts usage in a broader range of mapping and GIS applications, so the demand for higher 3D accuracy increases. One of the notable recent innovations in sensor orientation modelling for HRSI has been bias compensated RPC bundle adjustment, which has shown that geopositioning to high accuracy can be achieved with minimal ground control; indeed, only one control point may be required. Bias-compensated RPCs and related issues are further examined in this paper, with attention being paid to the impact of terrain height variation and the issue of scanning mode. Image scanning characteristics can significantly influence metric performance, with the effect being more pronounced for HRSI sensors that dynamically vary their orientation during scene capture. Through experimental testing with IKONOS and QuickBird stereo imagery, the authors demonstrate that bias-corrected RPCs are capable of yielding sub-pixel geopositioning from base-level imagery products. Thus, bias-compensated RPCs are not only favourable in regard to optimising accuracy capability; they also offer cost advantages. 1.
H. B. Hanley; C. S. Fraser
Documentation of high resolution solar resource assessment (10km...
resolution solar resource assessment for China provided by DLR. The high resolution solar data (10kmx10km) provide country maps of the annual and monthly sums of hourly global...
resolution solar resource assessment for Nepal provided by DLR. The high resolution solar data (10kmx10km) provide country maps of the annual and monthly sums of hourly global...
resolution solar resource assessment for Kenya provided by DLR. The high resolution solar data (10kmx10km) provide country maps of the annual and monthly sums of hourly global...
Documentation of high resolution solar resource assessment for...
resolution solar resource assessment for Ghana provided by DLR. The high resolution solar data (10kmx10km) provide country maps of the annual and monthly sums of hourly global...
Resolution and Polarization Distribution in Cryogenic DNP/MAS Experiments
This contribution addresses four potential misconceptions associated with high-resolution dynamic nuclear polarization/magic angle spinning (DNP/MAS) experiments. First, spectral resolution is not generally compromised at ...
Barnes, Alexander
Predicting Performance Impacts due to Resolution Changes in Parallel Simulations
Multi-resolution models are often used to accelerate simulation-based analysis without significantly impacting the fidelity of the simulations. We have developed a web-enabled, component-based, multi-resolution modeling and Time Warp synchronized parallel ...
Dhananjai M. Rao; Philip A. Wilsey
Applied high resolution digital control for universal precision systems
This thesis describes the design and characterization of a high-resolution analog interface for dSPACE digital control systems and a high-resolution, high-speed data acquisition and control system. These designs are intended ...
Gawlik, Aaron John
Fresnel zone plates for Achromatic Imaging Survey of X-ray sources
A telescope with Fresnel Zone Plates has been contemplated to be an excellent imaging mask in X-rays and gamma-rays for quite some time. With a proper choice of zone plate material, spacing and an appropriate readout system it is possible to achieve any theoretical angular resolution. We provide the results of numerical simulations of how a large number of X-ray sources could be imaged at a high resolution. We believe that such an imager would be an excellent tool for a future survey mission for X-ray and gamma-ray sources which we propose.
Palit, Sourav [Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP), Chalantika 43, Garia Station Rd., Kolkata, 700084 (India); Chakrabarti, S. K. [S. N. Bose National Center for Basic Sciences, JD-Block, Salt Lake, Kolkata, 700098 (India); Debnath, D. [Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP), Chalantika 43, Garia Station Road Kolkata 700084 (India); Yadav, Vipin; Nandi, Anuj [Indian Centre for Space Physics (ICSP), Chalantika 43, Garia Station Road Kolkata 700084 (India); On deputation from Indian Space Research Organization HQ, Bangalore 560 231 (India)
Optical fiber imaging for high speed plasma motion diagnostics: Applied to low voltage circuit breakers
An integrated portable measurement system is described for the study of high speed and high temperature unsteady plasma flows such as those found in the vicinity of high current switching arcs. An array of optical fibers allows the formation of low spatial resolution images, with a maximum capture rate of 1x10{sup 6} images per second (1 MHz), with 8 bit intensity resolution. Novel software techniques are reported to allow imaging of the arc; and to measure arc trajectories. Results are presented on high current (2 kA) discharge events in a model test fixture and on the application to a commercial low voltage circuit breaker.
McBride, J. W. [School of Engineering Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ (United Kingdom); Balestrero, A.; Tribulato, G. [ABB SACE DIVISION, ABB S.p.A., Via Baioni, Bergamo 35 IT-24123 (Italy); Ghezzi, L. [ABB SACE DIVISION, ABB S.p.A., Viale dell'Industria, Vittuone (MI)18 IT-20010 (Italy); Cross, K. J. [Taicaan Ltd., 2 Venture Road, Southampton Science Park, Southampton, Hampshire SO16 7NP (United Kingdom)
High-resolution flurescence spectroscopy in immunoanalysis
The work presented in this dissertation combines highly sensitive and selective fluorescence line-narrowing spectroscopy (FLNS) detection with various modes of immunoanalytical techniques. It has been shown that FLNS is capable of directly probing molecules immunocomplexed with antibodies, eliminating analytical ambiguities that may arise from interferences that accompany traditional immunochemical techniques. Moreover, the utilization of highly cross-reactive antibodies for highly specific analyte determination has been demonstrated. Finally, they demonstrate the first example of the spectral resolution of diastereomeric analytes based on their interaction with a cross-reactive antibody.
Grubor, Nenad M.
The High-Resolution Lightweight Telescope for the EUV (HiLiTE)
The High-resolution Lightweight Telescope for the EUV (HiLiTE) is a Cassegrain telescope that will be made entirely of Silicon Carbide (SiC), optical substrates and metering structure alike. Using multilayer coatings, this instrument will be tuned to operate at the 465 {angstrom} Ne VII emission line, formed in solar transition region plasma at {approx}500,000 K. HiLiTE will have an aperture of 30 cm, angular resolution of {approx}0.2 arc seconds and operate at a cadence of {approx}5 seconds or less, having a mass that is about 1/4 that of one of the 20 cm aperture telescopes on the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) instrument aboard NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). This new instrument technology thus serves as a path finder to a post-AIA, Explorer-class missions.
Martinez-Galarce, D S; Boerner, P; Soufli, R; De Pontieu, B; Katz, N; Title, A; Gullikson, E M; Robinson, J C; Baker, S L
Mining partially annotated images
In this paper, we study the problem of mining partially annotated images. We first define what the problem of mining partially annotated images is, and argue that in many real-world applications annotated images are typically partially annotated and ... Keywords: image annotation completion and prediction, partially annotated training set, semi-supervised learning
Zhongang Qi; Ming Yang; Zhongfei (Mark) Zhang; Zhengyou Zhang
Layout impact of resolution enhancement techniques: impediment or opportunity?
This tutorial introduces the reader to the basic concepts of optical lithography, derives fundamental resolution limits, reviews the challenges facing future technology nodes, explains the principles of resolution enhancement techniques and their impact ... Keywords: design for manufacturability, lithography, radically restricted designs, resolution enhancement techniques
Lars W. Liebmann
A process-driven tool to support online dispute resolution
This demonstration shows a prototype tool that projects an impression of how execution of a formally defined process will facilitate dispute resolution. Tool flexibility supports projecting the look and feel of a range of different processes, facilitating ... Keywords: dispute resolution, grievance mediation, online dispute resolution, participatory design, process, process technology, prototyping
Lori Clarke; Alan Gaitenby; Daniel Gyllstrom; Ethan Katsh; Matthew Marzilli; Leon J. Osterweil; Norman K. Sondheimer; Leah Wing; Alexander Wise; Daniel Rainey
Web accessible image similarity measurements
Web accessible image similarity measurements. Background: There ... messages). Web Access to Image Similarity Measurements. ...
In-scene atmospheric correction of hyperspectral thermal infrared images with nadir, horizontal, and oblique view angles
Atmospheric corrections for hyperspectral thermal images acquired with nadir, horizontal, and oblique views have typically relied on atmospheric modelling software, such as Moderate Resolution Atmospheric Transmission MODTRAN, to estimate atmospheric ...
MattR. Smith; AlanR. Gillespie; Hugau Mizzon; LeeK. Balick; Juan Carlos Jim�nez-Mu�oz; JoseA. Sobrino
Manhattan Project: Trinity Images
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
IMAGES IMAGES Trinity Test Site (July 16, 1945) Resources > Photo Gallery The first 0.11 seconds of the Nuclear Age These seven photographs of the Trinity test were taken by time-lapse cameras. The last is 109 milliseconds, or 0.109 seconds, after detonation. Scroll down to view each individual image. The photographs are courtesy the Los Alamos National Laboratory, via the Federation of American Scientists web site. The animation is original to the Office of History and Heritage Resources. The dawn of the Nuclear Age (Trinity image #1) The dawn of the Nuclear Age Trinity image #2 Trinity image #3 Trinity image #4 Trinity image #5 Trinity, 0.09 seconds after detonation (Trinity image #6) Trinity, 0.09 seconds after detonation Trinity, 0.11 seconds after detonation (Trinity image #7)
A WWW interactive progressive local image transmission system
We present a JAVA-based Interactive Progressive Local Image Transmission (IPLIT) system for viewing large images over the bandwidth-limited World Wide Web (WWW) in "reasonable (i.e. usable) time". One motivation behind this research is the need for medical specialists to remotely view medical images, in reasonable time, over the WWW. In our IPLIT system, the user employs a JAVA-enabled Internet browser to view and browse a low resolution image. The identification of features or regions of interest before observing those regions in detail is performed by either selecting a particular region manually via mouse or by utilizing an automatic feature-detection mode. The automatic feature-detection displays high-resolution subimages along a trajectory determined by the user-specified feature of interest. Our program handles 3D image data as a sequence of 2D images. Our IPLIT system is tested on actual MRI, CT and Ultrasound medical images obtained from the Robarts Research Institute at the Un...
Tiffany-Emil Liptay John; John L. Barron; Irene Gargantini
Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Biological Imaging by Soft X-Ray Diffraction Microscopy Print Wednesday, 30 November 2005 00:00 Electron and x-ray microscopes are a valuable tool for both the life and materials sciences, but they are limited in their ability to image with nanometer-scale resolution in three dimensions nonperiodic objects that are several microns in size. To fill this gap, the technique of coherent x-ray diffraction imaging now under development takes advantage of the penetrating power of x rays while simultaneously removing the limitations imposed by lens-based optical systems. Researchers from Stony Brook University, in collaboration with scientists at the ALS and Cornell University, have taken a large step in this direction by using a lensless x-ray diffraction microscope to image a freeze-dried yeast cell to better than 30-nm resolution. Images were made at several angular orientations of the cell.
High-Resolution Scintimammography: A Pilot Study
This study evaluated a novel high-resolution breast-specific gamma camera (HRBGC) for the detection of suggestive breast lesions. Methods: Fifty patients (with 58 breast lesions) for whom a scintimammogram was clinically indicated were prospectively evaluated with a general-purpose gamma camera and a novel HRBGC prototype. The results of conventional and high-resolution nuclear studies were prospectively classified as negative (normal or benign) or positive (suggestive or malignant) by 2 radiologists who were unaware of the mammographic and histologic results. All of the included lesions were confirmed by pathology. Results: There were 30 benign and 28 malignant lesions. The sensitivity for detection of breast cancer was 64.3% (18/28) with the conventional camera and 78.6% (22/28) with the HRBGC. The specificity with both systems was 93.3% (28/30). For the 18 nonpalpable lesions, sensitivity was 55.5% (10/18) and 72.2% (13/18) with the general-purpose camera and the HRBGC, respectively. For lesions 1 cm, 7 of 15 were detected with the general-purpose camera and 10 of 15 with the HRBGC. Four lesions (median size, 8.5 mm) were detected only with the HRBGC and were missed by the conventional camera. Conclusion: Evaluation of indeterminate breast lesions with an HRBGC results in improved sensitivity for the detection of cancer, with greater improvement shown for nonpalpable and 1-cm lesions.
Rachel F. Brem; Joelle M. Schoonjans; Douglas A. Kieper; Stan Majewski; Steven Goodman; Cahid Civelek
High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable4 resolution global climate model5
1 1 2 3 High resolution simulation of the South Asian monsoon using a variable4 resolution global of the South Asian monsoon rainfall distribution and the interactions27 between monsoon circulation of resolution on the overall quality of the simulated regional33 monsoon fields. It is found that the monsoon
Dufresne, Jean-Louis
EMatch: Discovery of High Resolution Structural Homologues of Protein Domains in Intermediate Resolution Cryo-EM Maps
Cryo-EM has become an increasingly powerful technique for elucidating the structure, dynamics, and function of large flexible macromolecule assemblies that cannot be determined at atomic resolution. However, due to the relatively low resolution of cryo-EM ... Keywords: Structural bioinformatics, intermediate resolution cryo-EM maps, 3D alignment of secondary structures, macromolecular assemblies, cyclic symmetry.
Keren Lasker; Oranit Dror; Maxim Shatsky; Ruth Nussinov; Haim J. Wolfson
High resolution stationary digital breast tomosynthesis using distributed carbon nanotube x-ray source array
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the feasibility of increasing the system spatial resolution and scanning speed of Hologic Selenia Dimensions digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) scanner by replacing the rotating mammography x-ray tube with a specially designed carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source array, which generates all the projection images needed for tomosynthesis reconstruction by electronically activating individual x-ray sources without any mechanical motion. The stationary digital breast tomosynthesis (s-DBT) design aims to (i) increase the system spatial resolution by eliminating image blurring due to x-ray tube motion and (ii) reduce the scanning time. Low spatial resolution and long scanning time are the two main technical limitations of current DBT technology. Methods: A CNT x-ray source array was designed and evaluated against a set of targeted system performance parameters. Simulations were performed to determine the maximum anode heat load at the desired focal spot size and to design the electron focusing optics. Field emission current from CNT cathode was measured for an extended period of time to determine the stable life time of CNT cathode for an expected clinical operation scenario. The source array was manufactured, tested, and integrated with a Selenia scanner. An electronic control unit was developed to interface the source array with the detection system and to scan and regulate x-ray beams. The performance of the s-DBT system was evaluated using physical phantoms. Results: The spatially distributed CNT x-ray source array comprised 31 individually addressable x-ray sources covering a 30 angular span with 1 pitch and an isotropic focal spot size of 0.6 mm at full width at half-maximum. Stable operation at 28 kV(peak) anode voltage and 38 mA tube current was demonstrated with extended lifetime and good source-to-source consistency. For the standard imaging protocol of 15 views over 14, 100 mAs dose, and 2 x 2 detector binning, the projection resolution along the scanning direction increased from 4.0 cycles/mm [at 10% modulation-transfer-function (MTF)] in DBT to 5.1 cycles/mm in s-DBT at magnification factor of 1.08. The improvement is more pronounced for faster scanning speeds, wider angular coverage, and smaller detector pixel sizes. The scanning speed depends on the detector, the number of views, and the imaging dose. With 240 ms detector readout time, the s-DBT system scanning time is 6.3 s for a 15-view, 100 mAs scan regardless of the angular coverage. The scanning speed can be reduced to less than 4 s when detectors become faster. Initial phantom studies showed good quality reconstructed images. Conclusions: A prototype s-DBT scanner has been developed and evaluated by retrofitting the Selenia rotating gantry DBT scanner with a spatially distributed CNT x-ray source array. Preliminary results show that it improves system spatial resolution substantially by eliminating image blur due to x-ray focal spot motion. The scanner speed of s-DBT system is independent of angular coverage and can be increased with faster detector without image degration. The accelerated lifetime measurement demonstrated the long term stability of CNT x-ray source array with typical clinical operation lifetime over 3 years.
Qian Xin; Tucker, Andrew; Gidcumb, Emily; Shan Jing; Yang Guang; Calderon-Colon, Xiomara; Sultana, Shabana; Lu Jianping; Zhou, Otto; Spronk, Derrek; Sprenger, Frank; Zhang Yiheng; Kennedy, Don; Farbizio, Tom; Jing Zhenxue [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Curriculum in Applied Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States) and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States) Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States) and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599 (United States); XinRay Systems, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709 (United States); Hologic, Inc., Bedford, Massachusetts 01730 (United States)
Image registration method for medical image sequences
Image registration of low contrast image sequences is provided. In one aspect, a desired region of an image is automatically segmented and only the desired region is registered. Active contours and adaptive thresholding of intensity or edge information may be used to segment the desired regions. A transform function is defined to register the segmented region, and sub-pixel information may be determined using one or more interpolation methods.
Gee, Timothy F.; Goddard, James S.
Compressive Passive Millimeter-Wave Imager (Flash format)
Compressive Passive Millimeter-Wave Imager > (Flash) Compressive Passive Millimeter-Wave Imager > (Flash) Multimedia Nuclear Systems Analysis Engineering Analysis Nonproliferation and National Security Detection & Diagnostic Systems Compressive Passive Millimeter-Wave Imager VIDEO TRANSCRIPT Remote Vital Sign Monitoring System Preventing the Worst (by CNN) Engineering Development & Applications Argonne's Nuclear Science & Technology Legacy Other Multimedia Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr Detection & Diagnostic Systems - Multimedia Bookmark and Share Compressive Passive Millimeter-Wave Imager Argonne National Laboratory Read full story Argonne has developed a passive compressive sensing system that uses millimeter waves (MMWs) to rapidly image targets with high resolution and
X-ray Microscopy and Imaging (XSD-XMI)
Imaging (XMI) Imaging (XMI) About XMI Science and Research Beamlines Highlights Software and Tools Intranet Search APS... Argonne Home > Advanced Photon Source > Contacts FAQs Beamlines News Publications APS Email Portal APS Intranet APS Phonebook APS Quick Links for Users APS Safety and Training Welcome to the X-ray Microscopy and Imaging group (XMI)! X-ray Microscopy and Imaging is part of the X-ray Science Division at the Advanced Photon Source. We develop and support a diverse and multidisciplinary user research program at Sectors 2 and 32 of the APS, with the overall goal to image and study materials structures at spatial and temporal resolutions that are most scientifically relevant to the cutting-edge advances in materials, biological, environmental, and biomedical sciences. To achieve this goal, we actively engage in various research activities including
Dilation x-ray imager a new/faster gated x-ray imager for the NIF
As the yield on implosion shots increases it is expected that the peak x-ray emission reduces to a duration with a FWHM as short as 20 ps for {approx}7 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 18} neutron yield. However, the temporal resolution of currently used gated x-ray imagers on the NIF is 40-100 ps. We discuss the benefits of the higher temporal resolution for the NIF and present performance measurements for dilation x-ray imager, which utilizes pulse-dilation technology [T. J. Hilsabeck et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 10E317 (2010)] to achieve x-ray imaging with temporal gate times below 10 ps. The measurements were conducted using the COMET laser, which is part of the Jupiter Laser Facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory.
Nagel, S. R.; Bell, P. M.; Bradley, D. K.; Ayers, M. J.; Barrios, M. A.; Felker, B.; Smith, R. F.; Collins, G. W.; Jones, O. S.; Piston, K.; Raman, K. S. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550 (United States); Hilsabeck, T. J.; Kilkenny, J. D.; Chung, T.; Sammuli, B. [General Atomics, P.O. Box 85608, San Diego, California 92186-5608 (United States); Hares, J. D.; Dymoke-Bradshaw, A. K. L. [Kentech Instruments Ltd., Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 (United Kingdom)
Magnetic lens apparatus for a low-voltage high-resolution electron microscope
A lens apparatus in which a beam of charged particles of low accelerating voltage is brought to a focus by a magnetic field, the lens being situated behind the target position. The lens comprises an electrically-conducting coil arranged around the axis of the beam and a magnetic pole piece extending along the axis of the beam at least within the space surrounded by the coil. The lens apparatus comprises the sole focusing lens for high-resolution imaging in a low-voltage scanning electron microscope.
Crewe, Albert V. (Palos Park, IL)
Cervical SPECT Camera for Parathyroid Imaging
Primary hyperparathyroidism characterized by one or more enlarged parathyroid glands has become one of the most common endocrine diseases in the world affecting about 1 per 1000 in the United States. Standard treatment is highly invasive exploratory neck surgery called �?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?�?Parathyroidectomy�?�?�?¢�?�?�?�?�?�?�?. The surgery has a notable mortality rate because of the close proximity to vital structures. The move to minimally invasive parathyroidectomy is hampered by the lack of high resolution pre-surgical imaging techniques that can accurately localize the parathyroid with respect to surrounding structures. We propose to develop a dedicated ultra-high resolution (~ 1 mm) and high sensitivity (10x conventional camera) cervical scintigraphic imaging device. It will be based on a multiple pinhole-camera SPECT system comprising a novel solid state CZT detector that offers the required performance. The overall system will be configured to fit around the neck and comfortably image a patient.
The Advection of High-Resolution Tracers by Low-Resolution Winds
The usefulness of any simulation of atmospheric tracers using low-resolution winds relies on both the dominance of large spatial scales in the strain and time dependence that results in a cascade in tracer scales. Here, a quantitative study on ...
John Methven; Brian Hoskins
Building boundary extraction from high resolution imagery and lidar data. In: ISPRS08, p. B3b: 693 ff
Building boundary data are necessary for the real estate industry, 3D city models and many other applications. In this study, a novel approach integrated high resolution imagery and Lidar data is proposed for automatically obtaining building boundaries with precise geometric position and details. The high resolution images were used to directly extract the building boundaries with precise geometric position, our approach is focused on improving the correctness and completeness of the extracted boundaries by integrating Lidar data. The approach consists of four steps: Lidar data processing, building image generation, line segment extraction, and boundary segment selection. Firstly, the segmented building points need to be determined from raw Lidar data. Then, a building image is generated by processing an original image using a bounding rectangle and a buffer, which are derived from the segmented building points. Based on the building image and rough principal direction constraints, an algorithm is proposed to estimate the principal orientations of a building, which ensures the accuracy and robustness of the subsequent line segments extraction. Finally, an algorithm based on Lidar point density analysis and Kmeans clustering is proposed to identify accurate boundary segments from the extracted line segments dynamically. The experiment results demonstrated that the proposed approach determined building boundaries well. 1.
Liang Cheng; Jianya Gong; Xiaoling Chen; Peng Han
The development of high efficiency, inexpensive processing protocols to render biomass components into fermentable substrates for the sequential processing of cell wall components into fuels and important feedstocks for the biorefinery of the future is a key goal of the national roadmap for renewable energy. Furthermore, the development of such protocols depends critically on detailed knowledge of the spatial and temporal infiltration of reagents designed to remove and separate the phenylpropenoid heteropolymer (lignin) from the processable sugar components sequestered in the rigid cell walls of plants. A detailed chemical and structural understanding of this pre-enzymatic processing in space and time was the focus of this program. We worked to develop new imaging strategies that produce real-time molecular speciation information in situ; extract sub-surface information about the effects of processing; and follow the spatial and temporal characteristics of the molecular species in the matrix and correlate this complex profile with saccharification. Spatially correlated SIMS and Raman imaging were used to provide high quality, high resolution subcellular images of Miscanthus cross sections. Furthermore, the combination of information from the mass spectrometry and Raman scattering allows specific chemical assignments of observed structures, difficult to assign from either imaging approach alone and lays the foundation for subsequent heterocorrelated imaging experiments targeted at more challenging biological systems, such as the interacting plant-microbe systems relevant to the rhizosphere.
Review Article Underwater Image Processing: State of the Art of Restoration and Image Enhancement Methods
License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The underwater image processing area has received considerable attention within the last decades, showing important achievements. In this paper we review some of the most recent methods that have been specifically developed for the underwater environment. These techniques are capable of extending the range of underwater imaging, improving image contrast and resolution. After considering the basic physics of the light propagation in the water medium, we focus on the different algorithms available in the literature. The conditions for which each of them have been originally developed are highlighted as well as the quality assessment methods used to evaluate their performance. 1.
Raimondo Schettini; Silvia Corchs
Imaging coral I: Imaging coral habitats with the SeaBED
The SeaBED autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a new imaging platform designed for high resolution optical and acoustic sensing. This low cost vehicle has been specifically designed for use in waters up to 2000 m to carry out video transects, bathymetric and side-scan sonar surveys. In this paper we detail the systems issues associated with navigation, control, and imaging that led us to our particular hardware and software design choices so as to allow us to operate in shallow, shelf and ocean basin environments. We illustrate the strengths of our design with data obtained during two research cruises associated with mapping coral reefs off Puerto Rico and Bermuda. In both these cases, SeaBED was deployed in extremely challenging terrain associated off the shelf edge and was successful in returning high quality color imagery of deep coral habitats. Key Words. AUV, coral, imaging, habitat. 1.
Hanumant Singh; Roy Armstrong; O Gilbes; Ryan Eustice; Chris Roman; Oscar Pizarro; Juan Torres
Assimilation of radar velocity and precipitation fields into high-resolution model simulations can improve precipitation forecasts with decreased 'spin-up' time and improve short-term simulation of boundary layer winds (Benjamin, 2004 & 2007; Xiao, 2008) which is critical to improving plume transport forecasts. Accurate description of wind and turbulence fields is essential to useful atmospheric transport and dispersion results, and any improvement in the accuracy of these fields will make consequence assessment more valuable during both routine operation as well as potential emergency situations. During 2008, the United States National Weather Service (NWS) radars implemented a significant upgrade which increased the real-time level II data resolution to 8 times their previous 'legacy' resolution, from 1 km range gate and 1.0 degree azimuthal resolution to 'super resolution' 250 m range gate and 0.5 degree azimuthal resolution (Fig 1). These radar observations provide reflectivity, velocity and returned power spectra measurements at a range of up to 300 km (460 km for reflectivity) at a frequency of 4-5 minutes and yield up to 13.5 million point observations per level in super-resolution mode. The migration of National Weather Service (NWS) WSR-88D radars to super resolution is expected to improve warning lead times by detecting small scale features sooner with increased reliability; however, current operational mesoscale model domains utilize grid spacing several times larger than the legacy data resolution, and therefore the added resolution of radar data is not fully exploited. The assimilation of super resolution reflectivity and velocity data into high resolution numerical weather model forecasts where grid spacing is comparable to the radar data resolution is investigated here to determine the impact of the improved data resolution on model predictions.
Chiswell, S
Effects of channel morphology and sensor spatial resolution on image-derived depth estimates
that sun glint is inevitable when both solar and view zenithof the sun) is u, and the incidence angle of the solar beamsolar zenith angles and/or where the bed slopes away from the sun.
Legleiter, Carl J.; Roberts, D A
Learning Scene Categories from High Resolution Satellite Image for Aerial Video Analysis
Automatic scene categorization can benefit various aerial video processing applications. This paper addresses the problem of predicting the scene category from aerial video frames using a prior model learned from satellite imagery. We show that local and global features in the form of line statistics and 2-D power spectrum parameters respectively can characterize the aerial scene well. The line feature statistics and spatial frequency parameters are useful cues to distinguish between different urban scene categories. We learn the scene prediction model from highresolution satellite imagery to test the model on the Columbus Surrogate Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (CSUAV) dataset ollected by high-altitude wide area UAV sensor platform. e compare the proposed features with the popular Scale nvariant Feature Transform (SIFT) features. Our experimental results show that proposed approach outperforms te SIFT model when the training and testing are conducted n disparate data sources.
Cheriyadat, Anil M [ORNL
Time and Frequency Domain CCD-Based Thermoreflectance Techniques for High-Resolution Transient Thermal Imaging
is in the order of 10-4/K. A blue or green light emitting diode (LED) uniformly illuminates the DUT under
Following Ostwald ripening in nanoalloys by high-resolution imaging with single-atom chemical sensitivity
Several studies have shown that substantial compositional changes can occur during the coarsening of bimetallic nanoparticles (CoPt, AuPd). To explain this phenomenon that could dramatically impacts all the technologically relevant properties of nanoalloys, we have exploited the sensitivity of the latest generation of electron microscope to prove that during the beam-induced coarsening of CoPt nanoparticles, the dynamic of atom exchanges between the particles is different for Co and Pt. By distinguishing the chemical nature of individual atoms of Co and Pt, while they are diffusing on a carbon film, we have clearly shown that Co atoms have a higher mobility than Pt atoms because of their higher evaporation rate from the particles. These atomic-scale observations bring the experimental evidence on the origin of the compositional changes in nanoalloys induced by Ostwald ripening mechanisms.
Alloyeau, D.; Nelayah, J.; Wang, G.; Ricolleau, C. [Laboratoire Materiaux et Phenomenes Quantiques, Universite Paris Diderot/CNRS, UMR 7162, Batiment Condorcet, 4 rue Elsa Morante, 75205 Paris Cedex 13 (France); Oikawa, T. [Laboratoire Materiaux et Phenomenes Quantiques, Universite Paris Diderot/CNRS, UMR 7162, Batiment Condorcet, 4 rue Elsa Morante, 75205 Paris Cedex 13 (France); JEOL Ltd, 1-2 Musashino 3-Chome, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558 (Japan)
MAGNETIC RESONANCE ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE TOMOGRAPHY (MR-EIT): A new technique for high resolution conductivity imaging
to a conductor generates a constant magnetic field with flux density jB r . If the current carrying conductor potentials and the magnetic fields produced by the probing current are measured. Surface potentials and the point spread function is not space invariant. On the other hand, magnetic field and electrical current
High Spatial Resolution Thermal Imaging of Multiple Section Semiconductor Lasers Ali Shakouri*
the thermal design of the device, we have achieved record level of damage free power dissipation in electro-absorption that could be used to control temperature of individual devices on a chip. They have achieved cooling power structures and integrated electro- absorption modulators. Integrated electroabsorption modulator is very
2D and 3D imaging resolution trade-offs in quantifying pore throats...
3 September 2013 Keywords: Pore network modeling Permeability Mineral precipitation Hanford CO 2 sequestration Alberta sedimentary basin a b s t r a c t Although the impact of...
Improving spatiotemporal resolution of USPIO-enhanced dynamic imaging of rat kidneys
of classical type, Adv. Math. 105 (1994), no. 1, 76110. [BDN] Bergshoe,E. A., De Baetselier, I and Nutma, T133 [GGT] Gordon, D. Grenier, D. Terras, A. Hecke operators and the fundamental domain for SL(3, Z), Math. and Vanhove, P. D-instantons, Strings and M-theory , Phys. Lett. B408 (1997) 122134 [Gr1] Grenier, D
Moura, José
DVCS and GPDs at eRHIC: Towards a high resolution partonic imaging
The feasibility for a measurement of the exclusive production of a real photon, a process although known as Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) at an eRHIC has been explored. An electron-proton/ion collider facility (eRHIC) is under consideration at BrookhavenNational Laboratory (BNL). Such a new facility will require the design and construction of a new optimized detector profiting from the experience gained from electron-proton colliders like at the experiments H1 and ZEUS at DESY-HERA. In particular, eRHIC is a machine designed to collide an electron beam with energies ranging from 5 GeV up to 20 GeV with the RHIC hadron beams (protons (100-250 GeV) and nuclei ({large rapidity acceptance of a newly designed dedicated detector, will open the opportunity for measuring DVCS with an unprecedented precision, providing an important tool toward a 2+1 dimensional picture of the internal structure of the proton. The huge impact such measurements would have on the determination of GPDs will be discussed.
Fazio, Salvatore [Brookhaven National Laboratory, PO Box 5000, 11973 Upton NY (United States)
Synthetic stereoscopic panoramic images
Presented here is a discussion of the techniques required to create stereoscopic panoramic images. Such images allow interactive exploration of 3D environments with stereoscopic depth cues. If projected in a surround display environment they can engage ...
Paul Bourke
Nuclear Imaging instrumentation
Nuclear Imaging instrumentation Advances in gamma-ray detection and imaging have increased the pace of discovery in a broad cross-section of the sciences ranging from nuclear...
Estimation theoretical image restoration
In this thesis, we have developed an extensive study to evaluate image restoration from a single image, colored or monochromatic. Using a mixture of Gaussian and Poisson noise process, we derived an objective function to ...
Dolne, Jean J
Spectrographic imaging system
An imaging system for providing spectrographically resolved images. The system incorporates a one-dimensional spatial encoding mask which enables an image to be projected onto a two-dimensional image detector after spectral dispersion of the image. The dimension of the image which is lost due to spectral dispersion on the two-dimensional detector is recovered through employing a reverse transform based on presenting a multiplicity of different spatial encoding patterns to the image. The system is especially adapted for detecting Raman scattering of monochromatic light transmitted through or reflected from physical samples. Preferably, spatial encoding is achieved through the use of Hadamard mask which selectively transmits or blocks portions of the image from the sample being evaluated.
Morris, Michael D. (Ann Arbor, MI); Treado, Patrick J. (Ann Arbor, MI)
ARM - Publications: Science Team Meeting Documents
Evaluation of Terra Aerosol and Water Vapor Measurements Using ARM SGP Data Evaluation of Terra Aerosol and Water Vapor Measurements Using ARM SGP Data Ferrare, R.A.(a), Brasseur, L.H.(b), Clayton, M.B.(b), Turner, D.D.(c), Remer, L.(d), and Gao, B.C.(e), NASA Langley (a), SAIC (b), Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (c), NASA Goddard (d), Naval Research Laboratory (e) Twelfth Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Science Team Meeting Measurements from the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) site are used to evaluate atmospheric measurements derived from NASA's Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) sensors on board the Terra satellite. MODIS and MISR AOT retrievals are evaluated using ARM SGP Cimel Sun photometer and MultiFilter Rotating
Comparison of Cloud Top Height and Optical Depth Histograms from ISCCP,
Comparison of Cloud Top Height and Optical Depth Histograms from ISCCP, Comparison of Cloud Top Height and Optical Depth Histograms from ISCCP, MISR, and MODIS Marchand, Roger Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Ackerman, Thomas Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Category: Cloud Properties Joint histograms of Cloud Top Height (CTH) and Optical Depth (OD) derived by the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) are being widely used by the climate modeling community in evaluating global climate models. Similar joint histograms of CTH-OD are now being produced by the NASA Multi-angle Imaging Spectro-Radiometer (MISR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments. There are notable differences in the histograms being produced by these three projects. In this poster we analyze some of the differences and discuss how the
Document Imaging | Department of Energy
Document Imaging Document Imaging Employee Services Cafeterias Conferencing and Special Events Copy Services Document Imaging Exchange Visitors Program Facility Operations Food...
Microtomography has successfully been used to characterize loss of structural integrity of wood. Tomographic images were generated with the newly developed third generation x-ray computed microtomography (XCMT) instrument at the X27A beamline at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The beamline is equipped with high-flux x-ray monochromator based on multilayer optics developed for this application. The sample is mounted on a translation stage with which to center the sample rotation, a rotation stage to perform the rotation during data collection and a motorized goniometer head for small alignment motions. The absorption image is recorded by a single-crystal scintillator, an optical microscope and a cooled CCD array detector. Data reconstruction has provided three-dimensional geometry of the heterogeneous wood matrix in microtomographic images. Wood is a heterogeneous material composed of long lignocellulose vessels. Although wood is a strong natural product, fungi have evolved chemical systems that weaken the strength properties of wood by degrading structural vessels. Tomographic images with a resolution of three microns were obtained nonintrusively to characterize the compromised structural integrity of wood. Computational tools developed by Lindquist et al (1996) applied to characterize the microstructure of the tomographic volumes.
NREL GIS Data: Hawaii High Resolution Photovoltaic | OpenEI
Photovoltaic Photovoltaic Dataset Summary Description Abstract - Monthly and annual average solar resource potential for the State of Hawaii. Purpose - Provide information on the solar resource potential for Hawaii. The insolation values represent the average solar energy available to a flat plate collector, such as a photovoltaic panel, oriented due south at an angle from horizontal equal to the latitude of the collector location. Supplemental Info - This data provides monthly average and annual average daily total solar resource averaged over surface cells of 0.1 degrees in both latitude and longitude, or about 10 km in size. This data was developed using the State University of New York/Albany satellite radiation model. This model was developed by Dr. Richard Perez and collaborators at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and other universities for the U.S. Department of Energy. Specific information about this model can be found in Perez, et al. (2002). This model uses hourly radiance images from geostationary weather satellites, daily snow cover data, and monthly averages of atmospheric water vapor, trace gases, and the amount of aerosols in the atmosphere to calculate the hourly total insolation (sun and sky) falling on a horizontal surface. Atmospheric water vapor, trace gases, and aerosols are derived from a variety of sources. The procedures for converting the collector at latitude tilt are described in Marion and Wilcox (1994). Where possible, existing ground measurement stations are used to validate the data. Nevertheless, there is uncertainty associated with the meterological input to the model, since some of the input parameters are not avalable at a 10km resolution. As a result, it is believed that the modeled values are accurate to approximately 10% of a true measured value within the grid cell. Due to terrain effects and other micoclimate influences, the local cloud cover can vary significantly even within a single grid cell. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the modeled estimates increase with distance from reliable measurement sources and with the complexity of the terrain.
NIST Image Gallery: Search
... Search Tips - Search index includes image titles, descriptions, other text fields - Searches are case-insensitive - Keyword2 is optional. ...
Cell Image Visualization
... Biological cell image analysis projects include methods to measure cell segmentation accuracy and new segmentation methods to track live cells. ...
Interferometric hard x-ray phase contrast imaging at 204 nm grating period
We report on hard x-ray phase contrast imaging experiments using a grating interferometer of approximately 1/10th the grating period achieved in previous studies. We designed the gratings as a staircase array of multilayer stacks which are fabricated in a single thin film deposition process. We performed the experiments at 19 keV x-ray energy and 0.8 {mu}m pixel resolution. The small grating period resulted in clear separation of different diffraction orders and multiple images on the detector. A slitted beam was used to remove overlap of the images from the different diffraction orders. The phase contrast images showed detailed features as small as 10 {mu}m, and demonstrated the feasibility of high resolution x-ray phase contrast imaging with nanometer scale gratings.
Wen Han; Gomella, Andrew A.; Miao, Houxun; Lynch, Susanna K. [Imaging Physic Laboratory, Biophysics and Biochemistry Center, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 (United States); Wolfe, Douglas E. [Applied Research Laboratory, Penn State University, State College, Pennsylvania 16804 (United States); Xiao Xianghui; Liu Chian [X-Ray Science Division, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439 (United States); Morgan, Nicole [National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 (United States)
Acoustic Imaging Suite
INL�s acoustic imaging technology improves methods of capturing moving images of a specified object by using a photorefractive effect to produce a full-field image of the object without using a probe to perform a full scan of the object. INL ...
Medical imaging systems
A medical imaging system provides simultaneous rendering of visible light and diagnostic or functional images. The system may be portable, and may include adapters for connecting various light sources and cameras in open surgical environments or laparascopic or endoscopic environments. A user interface provides control over the functionality of the integrated imaging system. In one embodiment, the system provides a tool for surgical pathology.
Frangioni, John V
Diagnostic Imaging Emergency Medicine
UC Davis Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging Symposium Emergency Medicine May 15, 2011 Gladys Valley Hall devoted to triage, assessment, and imaging diagnostics in emergency medicine. Speakers in this year's symposium include specialists in diagnostic imaging, and emergency and critical care. Sunday May 15, 2011 8
Hammock, Bruce D.
Image Bank from Interactions.org
Interactions.org is designed to serve as a central resource for communicators of particle physics. The site is updated daily with news, information, images and links from the world of particle physics. It provides links to current particle physics news from the world's press, links to education and outreach programs; information about science policy and funding; links to universities; a glossary; and a conference calendar. The Image Bank provides high-resolution photos and graphics from the particle physics laboratories of the world, including Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). The Interactions.org website was developed and is jointly maintained by the InterAction collaboration, whose members represent the world's particle physics laboratories in Europe, North America and Asia, with funding provided by science funding agencies of many nations. See also the videos and animations available at this site.
Method for improving the angular resolution of a neutron scatter camera
An instrument that will directly image the fast fission neutrons from a special nuclear material source wherein the neutron detection efficiency is increased has been described. Instead of the previous technique that uses a time-of-flight (TOF) between 2 widely spaced fixed planes of neutron detectors to measure scatter neutron kinetic energy, we now use the recoil proton energy deposited in the second of the 2 scatter planes which can now be repositioned either much closer together or further apart. However, by doubling the separation distance between the 2 planes from 20 cm to a distance of 40 cm we improved the angular resolution of the detector from about 12.degree. to about 10.degree.. A further doubling of the separation distance to 80 cm provided an addition improvement in angular resolution of the detector to about 6.degree. without adding additional detectors or ancillary electronics. The distance between planes also may be dynamically changed using a suitable common technique such as a gear- or motor-drive to toggle between the various positions. The angular resolution of this new configuration, therefore, is increased at the expanse of detection sensitivity. However, the diminished sensitivity may be acceptable for those applications where the detector is able to interrogate a particular site for an extended period.
Mascarenhas, Nicholas; Marleau, Peter; Gerling, Mark; Cooper, Robert Lee; Mrowka, Stanley; Brennan, James S.
Lensless Imaging of Whole Biological Cells with Soft X-Rays
Lensless Imaging of Whole Lensless Imaging of Whole Biological Cells with Soft X-Rays Lensless Imaging of Whole Biological Cells with Soft X-Rays Print Wednesday, 26 May 2010 00:00 A team of scientists has used x-ray diffraction microscopy at ALS Beamline 9.0.1 to make images of whole yeast cells, achieving the highest resolution-11 to 13 nanometers (billionths of a meter)-ever obtained with this method for biological specimens. Their success indicates that full 3-D tomography of whole cells at equivalent resolution should soon be possible. The National Center for X-Ray Tomography at ALS Beamline 2.1 images whole, frozen hydrated cells in 3-D (see highlight "Imaging Antifungal Drug Molecules in Action using Soft X-Ray Tomography"). Large numbers of cells can currently be processed in a short time at resolutions of 40 to 60 nanometers, but the ability to increase resolution to the 10-nanometer range would enhance research capabilities in both biology and materials sciences.
Atomic-resolution Chemical Analysis by Aberration-corrected ...
In fact, it is possible to analyze materials in the atomic resolution since both the ... State-of-the-art strain Microscopy for Ferroelectrics and Battery Materials.
Exposure characteristics of high?resolution negative resists
Positive and negative resist systems are both essential in the microfabrication of experimental devices. While numerous positive resists have been shown to have high?resolution
Kaolin Grace Chiong; Shalom Wind; David Seeger
Application Of High-Resolution Thermal Infrared Sensors For Geothermal...
Of High-Resolution Thermal Infrared Sensors For Geothermal Exploration At The Salton Sea, California Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference...
High Resolution Solar Energy Resource Assessment within the UNEP...
High Resolution Solar Energy Resource Assessment within the UNEP Project SWERA
(Abstract):��To expand the world wide use of renewable energy a consistent,...
Merging High Resolution Geophysical and Geochemical Surveys to...
This program will combine detailed gravity, high resolution aeromagnetic, and LIDAR data, all of which will be combined for structural modeling, with hyperspectral data,...

subset: commoncrawl