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Transmitted herewith is the zero draft of the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction, brought to the attention of the second session of the Preparatory Committee of the Third United Nations World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction to be held in Geneva from 17 to 18 November 2014.
The present zero draft has been prepared by the co-Chairs of the Preparatory Committee to serve as the basis for negotiations during the second session of the Preparatory Committee.
The zero draft builds on the pre-zero draft, which in turn drew on the views of Member States and major groups expressed during the first meeting of the Preparatory Committee, held in Geneva from 14 to 15 July 2014, as well as the outcome of the six regional platforms for disaster risk reduction and the reports of the multi-stakeholders consultations on the post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction held since March 2012.
Importantly, the zero draft takes into consideration the views and comments (available at http://www.wcdrr.org/preparatory/viewsandcomments) expressed during the ten open-ended informal consultative meetings with Member States and five consultations with major groups, held in Geneva from 5 September to 13 October 2014, as mandated by the first meeting of the Preparatory Committee. In addition, a joint meeting with Member States and major groups was held on 19 September 2014.
Following the decision of General Assembly resolution 68/211 of 20 December 2013, which called for a concise, focused, forward-looking and action-oriented outcome document, the zero draft proposes a stand-alone document that builds substantively on and supersedes the Hyogo Framework for Action in order to offer a single reference document to policymakers and practitioners. It also attempts to strike a balance between, on the one hand, the need for precise and detailed guidance on a variety of critical issues of a cross-cutting nature that are relevant to all States and other stakeholders and, on the other hand, the need to produce a concise, focused and practical outcome document.
[Post-2015 framework for disaster risk reduction]
Provisional name
A. Preamble
The Hyogo Framework for Action: lessons learned and gaps identified
11. Whereas some progress in reducing losses has been achieved, a substantial reduction requires perseverance and persistence with a more explicit focus on persons and measuring progress. Building on the HFA, the present framework aims to achieve the following outcome over the next 20 years:
The substantial reduction of disaster losses, in lives, and in the social, economic and environmental assets of persons, communities and countries.
The realization of this outcome requires the stated commitment and involvement of the political leadership at every level in every country. Responsibilities should be shared by central governments and subnational governing components and all stakeholders, as appropriate to their national circumstances and systems of governance.
12. To attain the expected outcome, the following goal is pursued:
The prevention of disaster risk creation and the reduction of the existing disaster risk through economic, social, cultural, and environmental measures which address exposure and vulnerability, and thus strengthen resilience.
13. To support the assessment of global progress in achieving the expected outcome, five global targets are identified: reduce disaster mortality by [a given percentage in function of number of hazardous events] by 20[xx]; reduce the number of affected people by [a given percentage in function of number of hazardous events] by 20[xx]; reduce disaster economic loss by [a given percentage in function of number of hazardous events] by 20[xx]; reduce disaster damage to health and educational facilities by [a given percentage in function of number of hazardous events] by 20[xx]; and increase number of countries with national and local strategies by [a given percentage] by 20[xx].
14. The present framework applies to the risk of small scale and large scale, frequent and infrequent, and slow onset disasters caused by natural hazards and related environmental and technological hazards and risks and aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at local, national, regional and global levels.
15. Drawing from the principles contained in the Yokohama Strategy[4] and the HFA, the implementation of the present framework will be guided by the following principles:
a) Each State has the primary responsibility to holistically reduce disaster risk, including through cooperation.
b) Managing the risk of disasters should be aimed at protecting persons, their property, livelihoods and productive assets, while respecting their human rights.
c) Disaster risk reduction depends on governance mechanisms across sectors and at local, national, regional and global levels and their coordination. It requires the full engagement of all State institutions of an executive and legislative nature at national and local levels, and a clear articulation of responsibilities across public and private stakeholders, including business, to ensure mutual outreach, partnership and accountability.
d) The leadership and empowerment of local authorities and communities are required to reduce disaster risk, and decision-making powers, resources and incentives require to be allocated accordingly. The enabling and coordinating role of central government is essential.
e) Disaster risk reduction requires an all-of-society engagement and empowerment, equality, and inclusive, accessible and non-discriminatory participation, paying special attention to at-risk groups in line with internationally agreed human rights. A gender, age, disability, and cultural perspective should be integrated into disaster risk management.
f) Addressing underlying risk factors through risk-informed public and private investments is more cost-effective than primary reliance on post-disaster response and recovery, and contributes to the sustainability of development.
g) While the drivers of risk may be local, national, transboundary or global in scope, disaster risks have local and specific characteristics which must be understood, given the differential capacities of countries and communities, for the determination of measures to reduce disaster risk.
h) Disaster risk reduction requires transparent risk-informed decision-making based on open and gender-specific/sex/age/disability-disaggregated data, and freely available, accessible, up-to-date, easy-to-understand, science-based, non-sensitive risk information complemented by local, traditional and indigenous knowledge, as relevant.
i) The development, revision and implementation of relevant national and international policies, plans, practices and mechanisms needs to aim at coherence and mutual reinforcement across sustainable development and growth, climate change and variability, environmental management and disaster risk reduction agendas. Disaster risk reduction mainstreaming is critical to the sustainability of development.
j) The post-disaster recovery and reconstruction phase is critical to reduce disaster risk and for public education and awareness on disaster risk.
k) Global, regional and transboundary cooperation is essential and requires further strengthening in accordance with international obligations.
l) Developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and landlocked developing countries, and Africa require specific support tailored to their needs and priorities.
General considerations
16. Each State has the primary responsibility for its own sustainable development and for taking effective measures to reduce disaster risk, including for the protection of people on its territory, infrastructure and other national assets from the impact of disasters. At the same time, in the context of increasing global interdependence, concerted international cooperation and an enabling international environment are required to stimulate and contribute to developing the knowledge, capacities and motivation needed for disaster risk reduction at all levels.
17. All actors are encouraged to build multi-stakeholder partnerships, at all levels, as appropriate, and on a voluntary basis, to contribute to the implementation of this framework. States and other actors are also encouraged to promote the strengthening or establishment of national, regional and international volunteer corps, which can be made available to countries and to the international community to contribute to addressing vulnerability and reducing disaster risk.
18. The promotion of a culture of prevention, including through the mobilization of adequate resources for disaster risk reduction, is an investment for the future with substantial returns.
Priorities for action
19. Taking into account the experience gained through the implementation of the HFA, and in pursuit of the expected outcome and goal, there is a need for focused action across sectors by States at local, national, regional and global levels in the following priority areas:
1) Understanding disaster risk;
2) Strengthening governance and institutions to manage disaster risk;
3) Investing in economic, social, cultural and environmental resilience;
4) Enhancing preparedness for effective response, and building back better in recovery and reconstruction.
20. In their approach to disaster risk reduction, all stakeholders should take into consideration the key activities listed under each of these four priorities and should implement them, as appropriate, to their own circumstances and capacities.
Priority 1: Understanding disaster risk
21. Policies and practices for disaster risk management should be based on an understanding of risk in all its dimensions of vulnerability, capacity and exposure of persons and assets and hazards characteristics. This requires an all-states and all-stakeholders effort on a number of areas for action, such as collection, analysis and dissemination of information and data, advancement of research, and the development and sharing of open-source risk models, as well as continuous monitoring and exchange of practices and learning.
National and local levels
22. It is important to:
a) Establish baselines and periodically assess disaster risks, including vulnerability, exposure and hazard characteristics, at the relevant spatial scale, such as within a river basin and along coastlines;
b) Systematically survey, record and publicly account for all disaster losses and the economic, social and health impacts;
c) Make non-sensitive risk, disasters and loss information free, openly available, and accessible, and ensure its dissemination, at all levels, taking into account the needs of different categories of users. It is important to ensure real-time access to reliable data, and use ICT innovations to enhance collection, analysis and dissemination of data;
d) Build the capacity of local government officials, public servants, communities and volunteers through sharing of experience, training and learning programmes on disaster risk reduction, targeting specific sectors to ensure consistent collection, analysis and use of risk assessment, and implementation of disaster-risk related policies and plans;
e) Promote and improve dialogue and cooperation among scientific communities, including social, health, economic and environmental sciences, practitioners, businesses, people at risk and policymakers;
f) Ensure the use of traditional and local knowledge to complement, as relevant and appropriate, scientific knowledge in disaster risk assessment and the development and implementation of policies, plans and programs;
g) Strengthen technical and scientific capacity to develop and apply methodologies, standards, metrics and models to assess vulnerabilities and exposure to all hazards, taking into account landscape and watershed level considerations and ecosystem functions and services to reduce disaster risk in risk assessment protocols;
h) Invest in research, innovation and technology and promote a long-term multi-hazard approach and solution-driven research for disaster risk management to better address gaps, societal challenges and emerging risks and interdependencies;
i) Promote the incorporation of disaster risk education, including preparedness, in educational curricula at all levels and in informal education systems, as well as in professional education;
j) Promote national strategies to strengthen public education and awareness of risk information and knowledge through campaigns, social media, community mobilization and other available means, taking into account specific audiences and their needs.
Global and regional levels
23. It is important to:
a) Share and cooperate on the development of science-based and common methodologies and standards for risk modelling and assessment, monitoring, early warning, disaster recording and statistics, and disaggregated data collection;
b) Continue promoting the use, application and affordability of, and access to, information, communication and space-based technologies and related services, as well as maintaining and strengthening in-situ and remotely-sensed earth observations, to support disaster risk reduction at all levels, and strengthen the utilization of social media and mobile phone networks to support successful risk communication;
c) Promote common efforts in partnership with scientific community and the private sector to establish good international practices;
d) Support the development of local, national, regional and global user-friendly systems and services for the exchange of information on good practices, cost-effective and easy-to-use disaster risk reduction technologies, and lessons learned on policies, plans and measures for disaster risk reduction;
e) Continue global campaigns as instruments for public awareness and education (e.g. "The One Million Safe Schools and Hospitals", "Making Cities Resilient: my city is getting ready!", the "United Nations Sasakawa Award for Disaster Reduction", and the yearly United Nations International Day for Disaster Reduction) that promote a culture of prevention, generate understanding of disaster risk, support mutual learning and share experiences, and encourage all public and private stakeholders to actively engage and join such initiatives, and develop new ones at local, national, regional and global levels, with similar purposes;
f) Enhance the scientific and technical work on disaster risk reduction through the mobilization of existing networks of scientific and research institutions at national, regional and international levels in order to strengthen the evidence base in support of the implementation and monitoring of this framework, promote scientific research into risk patterns and trends and the causes and effects of short and long-term disaster risk in society, utilize available good practices and lessons learned, provide guidance on methodologies and standards for risk assessments, risk modelling and the use of data, identify research and technology gaps and set recommendations for research priority areas in disaster risk management, promote and support the availability and application of science to decision-making, contribute and cooperate on the update of the 2009 Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction, and use post-disaster reviews as opportunities to learn and enhance public policy.
Priority 2: Strengthening governance and institutions to manage disaster risk
24. Governance conditions the effective and efficient management of disaster risk at all levels. Clear vision, plan, guidance and coordination across sectors and participation of all stakeholders, as appropriate, are required. Strengthening the governance of disaster risk management is therefore necessary.
National and local levels
25. It is important to:
a) Promote the coherence of, and further develop as appropriate, national and local frameworks of law, regulation and public policy, including for development, poverty reduction, climate change adaptation and environmental management, which through defining roles and responsibilities guide the public sector in: (i) addressing disaster risk in publically owned, managed or regulated services and infrastructure, and (ii) regulate and provide incentives for actions by persons, households, communities and businesses;
b) Adopt and implement national and local plans, across different timescales aimed at addressing short, medium and long term disaster risk, with targets, indicators and timeframes;
c) Strengthen mechanisms to monitor, periodically assess, ensure compliance, and publicly report on progress on national and local plans by all public and private stakeholders;
d) Enhance, as appropriate, relevant normative frameworks and mechanisms to strengthen disclosure of and, accountability for, disaster risk;
e) Promote public scrutiny and institutional debates, including by parliamentarians and other elected officials, on progress reports of local and national plans;
f) Establish or further strengthen all-stakeholder coordination mechanisms at national and local levels, such as national and local platforms for disaster risk reduction It is necessary for such mechanisms to have a strong foundation in national institutional frameworks with clearly assigned responsibilities and authority to, inter alia, identify sectoral and multisectoral risk, build awareness and knowledge of risk through sharing and dissemination of risk information and data, contribute to and coordinate reports on local and national disaster risk, coordinate public awareness campaigns on disaster risk, facilitate and support local multisectoral cooperation (e.g. among local governments), contribute to the determination of and reporting on national and local disaster risk management plans. These responsibilities and authority should be established through laws, regulations, standards, and procedures, as appropriate;
g) Empower, through regulatory and financial means, local action and leadership in disaster risk management by local authorities, communities and indigenous people;
h) Stimulate, in accordance with national practices, the development of quality standards and mechanisms, including certifications, for disaster risk management, with the participation of the private sector and professional associations and scientific organizations.
Global and regional levels
26. It is important to:
a) Continue to guide action at the regional level through agreed regional and subregional strategies for disaster risk reduction, adjusted, as appropriate, in light of the framework;
b) Foster collaboration and partnership across mechanisms and institutions for the implementation of instruments relevant to disaster risk, such as for climate change, sustainable development, environment, health and others, as appropriate;
c) Continue to actively engage in the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, the regional and subregional platforms for disaster risk reduction and thematic platforms, which represent effective multi-stakeholder mechanisms to forge partnerships, periodically assess progress on implementation and share practice and knowledge on risk-informed policies, programmes and investments, including on development and climate issues;
d) Continue to strengthen capacities and mechanisms, such as hazard-focused disaster risk reduction forums, to reduce transboundary disaster risk, including displacement risk;
e) Promote and use voluntary and self-initiated peer reviews among countries and local governments as they may represent a useful mechanism to support local and national efforts, reviews of progress, mutual learning, exchange of good practices and identification of specific areas for future technical cooperation, exchange of information, technology transfer and financial support, as appropriate;
f) Strengthen cooperation and call for contribution to the development of international monitoring mechanisms, such as the HFA Monitor, that are intended to support and complement national and local monitoring systems, and provide a practical understanding of overall regional and global efforts to manage disaster risk. Such information is of relevance in the consideration of progress on the sustainable development agenda and goals, and on climate change.
Priority 3: Investing in economic, social, cultural, and environmental resilience
27. Investing in risk prevention and reduction through structural and non-structural measures is essential to enhance the economic, social, cultural resilience of persons, communities, countries and their assets as well as the environment. Such measures are cost-effective and instrumental to save lives and prevent and reduce losses. A continued integrated focus on key development areas, such as health, education, agriculture, water, ecosystem management, housing, cultural heritage, public awareness, financial and risk transfer mechanisms, is required.
National and local levels
28. It is important to:
a) Allocate resources at all levels of administration for the development and the implementation of disaster risk reduction policies, plans, laws and regulations in all relevant sectors;
b) Strengthen public investments in critical facilities and physical infrastructures, particularly disaster prevention and reduction structural measures, schools, clinics, hospitals, water and power plants , communications and transport lifelines, disaster warning and management centres through proper design, including the Principles of Universal Design, building better from the start, retrofitting and re-building, taking into account economic, social, and environmental impact assessments.
c) Protect or support the protection of museums and other sites of historical, cultural and religious interest, as well as of work places;
d) Give land-use policy development and implementation, including urban planning, informal and non-permanent housing, special attention due to their direct impact on risk exposure;
e) Promote the incorporation of disaster risk assessment into rural development planning and management, in particular with regard to mountain and coastal flood plain areas, including through the identification of land zones that are available and safe for human settlement;
f) Encourage the revision of existing or the development of new building codes, standards, rehabilitation and reconstruction practices at the national or local levels, as appropriate, with the aim of making them more applicable in the local context, particularly in informal human settlements, and reinforce the capacity to implement, monitor and enforce such codes, including through a consensus-based approach;
g) Enhance the resilience of health systems by integrating disaster risk reduction into primary health care, especially at local level developing the capacity of health workers in understanding risk, applying and implementing disaster risk reduction approaches in health work, and supporting and training community health groups in disaster risk reduction approaches;
h) Strengthen the implementation of social safety-net mechanisms to assist the poor and at-risk groups, such as older persons, persons with disabilities, displaced persons, migrants and other populations exposed to disaster risk and affected by disasters;
i) Strengthen policy, technical and institutional capacities in local and national disaster risk management, including those related to technology, training, and human and material resources;
j) Review existing financial and fiscal instruments in order to support risk-sensitive public and private investments, and promote the integration of disaster risk reduction considerations and measures in economic valuations, investment tracking, cost-benefit analyses, competitiveness strategies, investment decisions, debt ratings, risk analysis and growth forecasts, budgeting and accounting, and the determination of incentives;
k) Strengthen the sustainable use and management of ecosystems and implement integrated environmental and natural resource management approaches that incorporate disaster risk reduction.
Global and regional levels
29. It is important to:
a) Recognize the different multilateral processes, work through the United Nations and other relevant institutions and processes, as appropriate, to promote coherence at all levels and across sustainable development, climate change and disaster risk reduction policies, plans and programs;
b) Promote the development and strengthening, as relevant, of financial, risk transfer and risk sharing mechanisms in close cooperation with business and international financial institutions;
c) Enhance the engagement with institutions involved with financial regulation in an effort to better understand the impacts of disasters on the financial stability of countries, companies and individuals, and thereby promote key policy developments around financial stability and inclusion.
Priority 4: Enhancing preparedness for effective response, and building back better in recovery and reconstruction
30. The steady growth of disaster risk, including the increase of people and assets exposure, combined with the learning from past disasters, indicate the need to further strengthen preparedness for response at all levels. Disasters have demonstrated that the recovery and reconstruction phase needs to be planned ahead of the disaster and is critical to building back better and making nations and communities more resilient to disasters.
National and local levels
31. It is important to:
a) Prepare or review and periodically update disaster preparedness and contingency plans and policies at all levels, with a particular focus on preventing and responding to possible displacement, and ensuring the participation of all sectors and stakeholder groups, including the most vulnerable, in the design and planning;
b) Continue to further strengthen early warning systems and tailor them to the needs of users, including social and cultural requirements;
c) Promote regular disaster preparedness exercises, including evacuation drills, with a view to ensuring rapid and effective disaster response and access to essential food and non-food relief supplies, as appropriate, to local needs;
d) Make new and existing hospitals and health facilities safe and operational during disasters;
e) Adopt public policies and establish coordination and funding mechanisms and procedures to plan and prepare for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction;
f) Ensure the engagement of diverse institutions, multiple authorities and stakeholders at all levels, in view of the complex and costly nature of post-disaster reconstruction;
g) Learn from the recovery and reconstruction programs over the HFA decade and exchange experience knowledge and lessons learned in order to develop guidance for preparedness for reconstruction, including on land use planning and structural standards improvement;
h) Promote the incorporation of disaster risk management into post-disaster recovery and rehabilitation processes and use opportunities during the recovery phase to develop capacities that reduce disaster risk in the medium term, including through the sharing of expertise, knowledge and lessons learned.
Global and regional levels
32. It is important to:
a) Strengthen and, when necessary, develop coordinated regional approaches, regional policies, operational mechanisms, making use of best technology and innovation, which may include the use of business facilities and services and military assets upon request, as well as plans and communication systems to prepare for and ensure rapid and effective disaster response in situations that exceed national coping capacities;
b) Promote the further development of standards, codes and other guidance instruments to support preparedness and response, and contribute to the lessons learned for policy practice and reconstruction programmes;
c) Promote the further development of effective regional early warning mechanisms to ensure that information is acted on across all relevant countries;
d) Enhance international mechanisms, such as the International Recovery Platform, for the sharing of experience and learning among countries and all stakeholders;
e) Develop practical guidance and compile good practices to support planning, investments and policy development and decisions.
33. While States have the overall responsibility to reduce disaster risk, stakeholders play a critical role as enablers in providing support to States in accordance with national policies, in the implementation of the framework at local, national, regional and global levels. Their commitment, goodwill, knowledge, experience and resources will be required.
34. While States, building on existing relevant international instruments, may determine more specific roles and responsibilities for all public and private stakeholders in accordance with national plans and priorities, the following actions should be encouraged:
a) Business, professional associations, private sector financial institutions, including financial regulators and accounting bodies, and philanthropic foundations to integrate disaster risk management, including business continuity, in business models and practices, especially in micro, small and medium enterprises, engage in awareness-raising and training for their employees and customers, engage in and support research and innovation as well as the full use of technology in disaster risk management, share and disseminate knowledge, practices and data, actively engage with the public sector for the development of normative frameworks, quality standards, regulations, as well as policies and plans to incorporate disaster risk reduction;
b) Academia and research entities to focus on the evolving nature of risk and scenarios in the medium and long terms, increase research for local application and support action by local communities and authorities, and support the interface between policy and science for effective decision-making;
c) Social groups, volunteers, civil society and faith-based organizations to engage with public institutions and business to, inter alia, provide specific knowledge and pragmatic guidance in the context of the development and implementation of normative frameworks, standards and plans for disaster risk reduction; engage in the implementation of local, national, regional and global plans and strategies, and their monitoring; contribute to and support public awareness and education on disaster risk ; advocate for an inclusive and all-of-society disaster risk management which strengthen the synergies across groups. On this point, it should be noted that:
i) Children and youth are agents of change and can contribute their experience and should be given the space and modalities to do this;
ii) Women are critical to effectively managing disaster risk, and designing, resourcing and implementing gender-responsive disaster risk reduction policies, plans and programs;
iii) Persons with disabilities are critical in the assessment of risk and design and implementation of plans tailored to specific requirements in line with the Principles of Universal Design;
iv) Older persons have years of knowledge, skills and wisdom which are invaluable assets to reduce disaster risk and should be included in the design of policies, plans, and mechanisms, including for early warning;
v) Indigenous peoples through their experience and traditional knowledge provide an important contribution to the development and implementation of plans and mechanisms, including for early warning.
d) Media to take an active role at local, national, regional and global levels in contributing to raise public awareness and understanding, and to disseminating risk, hazard and disaster information, including on small-scale disasters, in a simple, easy-to-understand and accessible manner, in close cooperation with science and academia; adopt specific disaster risk reduction communication policies; support, as appropriate, early warning systems; and stimulate a culture of prevention and strong community involvement in sustained public education campaigns and public consultations at all levels of society.
35. With reference to the General Assembly resolution 68/211 of 20 December 2013, the commitments are instrumental to identify modalities of cooperation and implement the framework. Commitments need to be specific, predictable and time-bound in order to support the development of partnerships at local, national, regional and global levels, and the implementation of local and national disaster risk management plans. All stakeholders are encouraged to publicize their commitments in support of the implementation of the framework, or of the national and local disaster risk management plans, through the UNISDR website.
F. International cooperation and global partnership
General considerations
36. Given their differential capacities, developing countries require enhanced global partnership for development, adequate provision and mobilization of all means of implementation and continued international support to reduce disaster risk.
37. Disaster-prone developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States, and landlocked developing countries, and Africa, warrant particular attention in view of their higher vulnerability and risk levels, which often greatly exceed their capacity to respond to and recover from disasters. Such vulnerability urgently requires the strengthening of international cooperation and ensuring genuine and durable partnerships at the regional and international levels in order to support developing countries to implement this framework in accordance with their national priorities and needs.
38. Enhanced international cooperation, including North-South complemented by South-South and triangular cooperation has proved to be key to reduce disaster risk and there is a need to strengthen them further. Partnerships will play an important role by harnessing the full potential of engagement between governments at all levels, businesses, civil society and a wide range of other stakeholders, and are effective instruments for mobilizing human and financial resources, expertise, technology and knowledge and can be powerful drivers for change, innovation and welfare.
39. Financing from all sources, domestic and international, public and private, the development and transfer of reliable, affordable, modern technology on mutually agreed terms, capacity-building assistance and enabling institutional and policy environments at all levels are critically important means of reducing disaster risk.
Implementation and follow-up
40. Support to countries in the implementation of this framework may require action on the following recommendations:
a) Developing countries, in particular least developed countries, small island developing States and landlocked developing countries, and Africa require predictable, adequate, sustainable and coordinated international assistance, through bilateral and multilateral channels, for the development and strengthening of their capacities, including through financial and technical assistance, and technology transfer on mutually agreed terms.
b) Enhance access to, and transfer of, environmentally sound technology, science and innovation as well as knowledge and information sharing through existing mechanisms, namely bilateral, regional and multilateral collaborative arrangements, including the United Nations and other relevant bodies
c) Mainstream disaster risk reduction measures appropriately into multilateral and bilateral development assistance programmes, including those related to poverty reduction, natural resource management, urban development and adaptation to climate change.
d) States and regional and international organizations, including the United Nations and international financial institutions, are called upon to integrate disaster risk reduction considerations into their sustainable development policy, planning and programming at all levels.
e) States and regional and international organizations should foster greater strategic coordination among the United Nations, other international organizations, including international financial institutions, regional bodies, donor agencies and nongovernmental organizations engaged in disaster risk reduction. In the coming years, consideration should be given to ensuring the implementation and strengthening of relevant international legal instruments related to disaster risk reduction.
f) United Nations system entities, including funds, programs, and specialized agencies, through the United Nations Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience, other relevant International Organizations and treaty bodies, including the Conference of the Parties of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, international financial institutions at the global and regional levels, and the Red Cross and the Red Crescent Movement, are called upon to ensure optimum use of resources and support to developing countries, at their request, and other stakeholders in the implementation of this framework in synergy with other relevant frameworks, including through the development and the strengthening of capacities, and clear and focused programs that support States' priorities in a balanced and sustainable manner.
g) The UNISDR, in particular, is requested to support the implementation, monitoring and review of this framework including through: preparing periodic progress reports on implementation; supporting the development of coherent global and regional monitoring mechanisms in synergy, as appropriate, with other relevant mechanisms for sustainable development and climate change, and updating the existing web-based HFA Monitor accordingly; generating evidence-based and practical guidance for implementation in close collaboration with, and through mobilization of, experts; reinforcing a culture of prevention in all stakeholders, through support to standards development by experts and technical organizations, advocacy initiatives, and dissemination of risk information, policies and practices; supporting countries, including through the national platforms or their equivalent, in developing national plans and monitoring trends and patterns in disaster risk, loss and impacts; convening the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction and supporting the organization of regional platforms for disaster risk reduction; leading the revision of the United Nations Plan of Action on Disaster Risk Reduction for Resilience; facilitating the enhancement of, and continuing to service, the ISDR Scientific and Technical Advisory Group in mobilizing science and technical work on disaster risk reduction; leading and coordinating the update of 2009 Terminology on Disaster Risk Reduction; and maintaining the stakeholders' commitment registry
h) Adequate voluntary financial contributions should be provided to the United Nations Trust Fund for Disaster Reduction, in the effort to ensure adequate support for the follow-up activities to this framework. The current usage and feasibility for the expansion of this Fund, should be reviewed, inter alia, to assist disaster-prone developing countries to set up national strategies for disaster risk reduction.
i) The Inter-Parliamentary Union and other relevant regional bodies and mechanisms for parliamentarians are encouraged to continue supporting, and advocating for, disaster risk reduction and the strengthening of legal frameworks.
j) The United Cities and Local Governments and other relevant bodies of local governments are encouraged to continue supporting cooperation and mutual learning among local governments for disaster risk reduction and the implementation of this framework.
k) The implementation of this framework will be periodically reviewed by the United Nations General Assembly and the Economic and Social Commission through and in alignment with existing processes and mechanisms, such as the High Level Political Forum for Sustainable Development, to allow for stocktaking, identifying new emerging risk, formulating recommendations for further action, and introducing possible corrective measures.
[1] Hazard is defined as: "A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazards can include latent conditions that may represent future threats and can have different origins: natural (geological, hydrometeorological and biological) or induced by human processes (environmental degradation and technological hazards)" UN/ISDR. Geneva 2004.
[2] Vulnerability is defined as: "The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmental factors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards". UN/ISDR. Geneva 2004.
[3] The Hyogo Framework Priorities (2005-2015) are: 1) Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis for implementation; 2) identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning; 3) use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels; 4) reduce the underlying risk factors; and 5) strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.
[4] The Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World: Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention, Preparedness and Mitigation and its Plan of action, adopted in 1994.


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Broken Arrow x Emma Barrow
BTS with Emma Barrow
Here's some very secretive shots from behind the scenes of a shoot I did back in July with Emma, Rebecca Searle and Envy hair RWY featuring designs by Alexandria Gabriel. The editorial was shot for a magazine which I can hopefully reveal to you very soon! Dartmoor ponies not included. Thanks to Tracie at Envy Hair Salon for the video!
Nil By South x Chasseur Editorial
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Feature in Tribe Magazine
Courtesy of Tribe Magazine
Locally based arts magazine tribe have done a feature on the '14 graduating fashion class from Plymouth college of art. They followed us for months leading up to and also filmed the show. You cam view the full fashion book here https://readymag.com/tribe/33940/
Interview with Tribe Magazine
Class of '14
It already feels like a lifetime ago since I left University and like many graduates out there, I face the inevitable long term adventure of job/internship hunting. As happy as I am to be 'out in the real world' I will always miss the somewhat simplicity of education. Not that I am saying that University was totally easy but it certainly has a bubble about it and provides a time for self expression that will always meet hindrance in the real world, at least if you're not made of money. A girl has got to eat.
NIL BY SOUTH S/S '15 Behind The Scenes
Back in June I got the opportunity to once again work with the lovely Emma Barrow, this time she was shooting my graduate collection. My collection worked on themes of masculinity and approached the inevitable feminisation of mens fashion, the overall looks kept colours simple and looks were contrasted against each other. I thought using two models in a look book style editorial would highlight this perfectly. We chose the location to highlight the bright colours and keep the youth feel of the collection. After Jodie was done with hair we were done in a few hours. Great test shoot overall and the final images will soon follow!
Thanks to Jodie @ EnvyRWY for the hair (www.envymyhair.co.uk)
GFW Street Style
Slut Suit
PCA BA Grdauate Fashion Show
BOUDICCA : MOVE / Exhibition @ PCA
I'll be honest, prior to this exhibition I had never even heard of House of Boudicca. Alas promises of free gin do not go unheard throughout a college and next thing I knew I was in the exhibition space with a rather liberal gin and tonic enjoying the alcohol… and the art.
This display shows many of their inspirations and outcomes of their most recent collection, the clothes themselves are beautiful but there is something about Boudicca that sets is apart from most collections, you can really feel the story and the drama with each outfit and also the skills and time that went into making it. It celebrates fashion away from fashion as a product that instils this idea that dressing should be stylish and personal and not necessarily fashionable for the sake of being in fashion. There is a lot of black which is standard art influence and you feel instant connection with the intricacy of the Haute Couture, I dread to think how much it all costs, but this exclusivity is not about pushing a product, it's about embracing an idea, that mass production is essentially a load of pap – and that is what had me sold.
PCA : BA Fashion Look Book BTS @ Buckland Abbey
Check out this BTS video from our graduate look book shoot. Thanks to Foto Plus for this, I didn't even realise this was going on on the day! Look out for the neon green jumper as you see me flustering about!
Menswear Editorial x Emma Barrow
Keen to gain more experience in the styling field, I took on my first editorial shoot on Tuesday, working again with the ever talented Emma Barrow. Sourcing garments in Plymouth is never easy but I gave it a good shot and I am sure the final results will look great, I seem to have a thing about men showing some skin and I'm glad that Emma had a similar vision (a key theme in my dissertation was men and their perceptions of their physicality) Tracie from Envy hair salon was also on shoot to keep model Warrens hair looking top dollar, luckily men do not require make up (not that I agree that women need it). I thoroughly enjoyed the afternoon and hope to work with Emma again over the summer.
For more of Emmas' work please visit http://www.emma-barrow.com
Start talking about male fashion icons and names from David Gandy and David Beckham to Cary Grant often pop up in conversation. Pick up a male magazine and see how they tell you about the elegance of celebrities in their suits, a 10 page spread parading black and navy tailoring similarly to Nuts magazine parading women in lingerie. Head a bit more mainstream and you might read someone gushing about the 'edginess' of Nick Grimshaw and suggesting items from Topman. Pick up a lifestyle magazine and see how abstract shapes work with street wear creating a subtlety in 'cool' dressing, a modern alternative to to the bore of your parents.
To me, male fashion , in terms of consumer choice, seems to be a lot simpler than female fashion. With such an elaborate history in pioneering 'new' forms of dress, I feel men today are completely let down. Of course it is okay to like the classics, or to be the practical dad who wouldn't know style even if it came in a Haynes manual but generally male style seems to be well, very mechanical. Spectacular subculture has been a mans' game over the last 50 years, giving us statement styles and innovations that the fashion industry has appropriated to give them now classic style status. Women over the last century have adopted every form of male dress and made it their own whilst men seem far too scared to identify with anything too effeminate. Of course there are some fabulous men out there, but will the hegemonic male ever be dandy again? Is it true to assume, like the carry on generation before us, that a man who dresses that little bit, different, is gay?
Where are the Kens that I dressed as a child? Countless women can identify themselves with Barbie. But who lists Ken as an idol? He was the ultimate dandy with a wardrobe the village people could only ever dream of. He has the woman of his dreams and the six pack to match. Yet Barbie, in her big and beautiful white wedding dress, would take one look at his pink plastic suit and run off with action man.
Line Up.
Now I must admit I am a bit of a sucker for your standard six straight figures in a row with your lovely designs just floating off their shoulders, but that really isn't me. People always tell you that when it comes to your portfolio you just need to express your true self, which in evidence seems a load of pish, most fashion design portfolios all look the bleeding same, which is weird because all of our design journeys and outcomes are unique, yet we feel we have to lay them out in a standard 'fashion portfolio way'. Of course I am guilty. White background, check, obscure shapes behind drawings, check. I would love to see a portfolio with out a white background or sketching over bodice photos. Maybe one day I will but I can definitely feel my work going in a certain way because it feels like it should be done that way, which completely defies the object of a creative portfolio. This ending up in there is unlikely but it's good to see yourself progress. So here is my line up. 5 outfits to make in 6 weeks, no pressure.
Thursday Afternoon : Totnes
I can not understand how someone could visit Totnes and not make a B-line for the cat cafe. It was the first of it's kind in the UK and I am just sad that there are not a lot more! There are six cute cats to meet there and there are also lots of other cute places in Totnes to explore of an afternoon,
Plymouth In Fashion : Styling For St Luke's Hospice
Model : Rosie
Photographer : Dom Moore
Stylist : Jessica Vincent
Clothing Provided by St Luke's Hospice, Ebrington St
Model : Rosie
Photographer : Dom Moore
Stylist : Victoria Parnall
Clothing Provided by St Luke's Hospice, Ebrington St
Model : Rosie
Photographer : Dom Moore
Stylist : Charlotte Stocker
Clothing Provided by St Luke's Hospice, Ebrington St
Some great shots captured from the St Lukes styling shoot on Tuesday, all photos by Dom Moore.
On Location : The Bread & Roses
Candles in glass bottles… forever a classic.
So today I was on shoot styling for St Lukes Hospice & The Plymouth Herald in conjunction with the 'Plymouth in Fashion' week in May. The shoot took place at the Bread & Roses on Ebrington St, which is the only community hub/cafe/pub and art space in Plymouth. They have not been open too long but it really is a lovely place and I hope it stays successful for a long time to come. If anything I am just sad I do not go there more!
The shoot was organised as a collaboration between those involved in fashion in Plymouth to promote, well, Fashion in Plymouth. St Lukes hospice run an amazing vintage themed charity shop on Ebrington St which provided us with our clothing for today. Jess and Vicky, also third year fashion students, styled this shoot along with myself. It was great fun planning our looks and I always forget what gems you can find when you really look in charity shops. If you haven't been in you really need to.
On another note, I really hope something else half cultural turns up on this street, it's right next to the art college and shopping mall but just seems to always be forgotten about. It even has a church of Scientology (who on earth belongs to this in Plymouth I would love to know….
Mob wife material. Vicky Parnall styles it up with vintage glamour.
Topshop eat your heart out. Smart and Seventies. Jess Vincent hits those trend nails bang on the head. You need to see the shoes that went with this gorgeous suede dress. Watch this space.
A peek at the styling table, those Louis Vuitton trainers are now back on sale in St Lukes for a very good price. Sadly they are way to big for me, if only shoes were as easy to take in as clothes!
Neon tribes. Inspired by African & Asian summer, styled by yours truly. I didn't even realise the Bread & Roses had a green and red theme going on.
My Iphone couldn't handle the colours on this pastel rockabilly outfit. So here's the version. Rosie liked this outfit so much she bought it!
All in all today was a lot of fun, can't wait to show you the professional photos!
A Ken named Barbie
Fashion In The City : Plymouth Guildhall
Models Lesha & Lucy posing for a snapshot backstage
Lesha wearing the amazing hand crafted creation by Stacie Clark www.stacieclark.blogspot.co.uk/
Shameless plugging of my own first outfit of my collection, modelled by Serg.
Emma looking great in Motorbike inspired womenswear by the ever talented Layla Brown www.laylafashion.tumblr.com
Unisex design modelled by Sam and created by Rosie Andrews www.rosiekandrews.tumblr.com
More questions on the relevance of gender with amazing design by Jessica Vincent www.jdvmensweardesign.wordpress.com/
Outfits created by ED fashion students at Plymouth College of Art
Bayleigh wearing a beautiful bridal inspired creation by the talented Amy Lethbridge www.twitter.com/Amylethbridge1
From L-R Designs by the amazing Ali Gabriel www.twitter.com/AliGabriel333
Stefani Nurding www.stefaninurding.com ,
Chloe Hayfield www.chloehayfield.tumblr.com ,
Brittany Abi-Nader www.facebook.com/AbiNaderApparelfashion ,
Kinga Aradi www.twitter.com/KingaAradi
& Victoria Illyssa Parnall http://victoria-illyssa.tumblr.com/
Our stand from the event!
photos by Fatima Khan
Firstly big thanks to everyone who made the day possible! It was lots of organising on my part but you can never achieve anything without the help of others! We did not raise as much as hoped on the stand so I might need to brush up on my VM skills however we now have more in the kitty of our HE fund than before and every little helps, the show was good fun and I hope everyone enjoyed it, we are now very excited for our graduate show in May. Tickets are on sale from Plymouth College of Art so if you can it will definitely be worth your time! The outfits that had been on display for this event consisted of the first look from the graduate collections and also a micro collection of garments from the FE/ED Students at the college.
As a third year fashion student you are expected to brand and create a six piece collection that is on par with brands that have been established for quite some time whilst trying to be innovative, aware of your eco footprint and cost effective to the fact that you are ultimately a student living on noodles. To do things well you do have to be a bit crafty, the cost of a fashion degree is insane, especially if you have a perfectionist streak that constantly warns you away from the cheap fabrics (sometimes they work, more often they don't). One of my major bug-a-boos with branding came with care labels, if you are mass producing a line of 500 pairs of trousers, care labels are pretty easy to come by. If you are creating 17 different garments then you don't have much leg room in terms of creating individual ones. Of course there are crafty ways you can create them yourself (Test strip of mimaki anyone?) but to be honest I just wanted someone else to do it for me. In the end I left the fibre content off of my care labels and I am secretly praying that my garments are indeed safe to be handwashed…
But every cloud has it's silver lining and whilst my OCD struggles to come to terms with generic care labels, I realised that creating branding for a small collection can have it's advantages. I have collected swing tags long before I started uni and I am always impressed by a flashy one (Sad maybe, but you definitely think it too), Coco De Coeur even issued sweets with theirs! So I had to be a bit flashy, if I do not need to mass print 500 labels on card then I wont, in fact I liked my idea so much that even on a large scale I think I would put in the pennies for these.
Mix tapes. Maybe a bit hipster but I actually don't mind hipsters (Over the age of 20 anyway). They were surprisingly harder than at first thought to find, as I scouted every charity shop in Plymouth to no avail, luckily if you're after something old or strange little Camden will always oblige. Anyway I love a good mix tape and would be very impressed if I bought a jumper with this attached, what do you think? I'm planning on recording some mixes on these so will have to have a good ear orgy on soundcloud to scout for some artists I would like to promote and for those who can't bear the thought of analogue, maybe I will provide a digital link too.
Music and Fashion… Let's keep it alive. Bye bye boring swing tags…
Sustainable Swing [Tags]
Portfolio Development : Printed Silk
On Location : Buckland Abbey
On Tuesday I was lucky enough to be involved with PCA's BA Fashion lookbook shoot, we were not allowed to publish photos of the models from the day so you will have to watch this space! The location was amazing and shots were taken inside this barn as well as outside, if you live in Devon I would say it is well worth a visit, such a beautiful place!
Threads : Local DJ'S & Cheap Booze ! Fashion Fundraiser
Julien MacDonald : Backstage @ LFW
Well this post is a bit overdue… but still relevant. You know you're a busy bee when you don't even post about the most interesting stuff going on! Despite being 200 miles away, a few weeks ago I was given the opportunity to do some dressing for JM at his LFW show at the beautiful royal courts of justice. Naturally I was there to work and was not permitted to take photos however there were so many photographers backstage that I've stolen a few photos to give you an idea of the experience. It was very organized and you could tell how hard the staff and interns had been working prior to the show. Julian was backstage most of the evening and was as fabulous as ever, they also had the poshest sandwiches and the biggest collection of vita coca I have ever seen. Will definitely take some tips when organizing the PCA show this year, though I must say the difference in budget is a little different to say the least!
Beautiful dresses, organized boards and rails… what is not to love for an OCD Fashion freak like me?
Images courtesy of fashionising.com
I helped these lovely ladies into their dresses and at roughly £25000 a pop, no pressure on handling it safely! They were heavy but looked amazing, maybe not for a night down Revs though…
Fashion In The City : Plymouth
PCA Fashion Show : Support us via Kickstarter
Anyone who studies fashion will know how expensive it is! Our class is fundraising among many different avenues to make this possible, naturally many event you will be unable to attend but you can still help! Please check out our video on Kickstarter and donate even if it is only £1!
Fabric Shopping : London Baby
A bit of marketing genius from Walthamstow market…
Those of you who are fellow janners with a penchant for fashion design will know, that Plymouth is rubbish for fabric ! There is a trusty stall in the market that will supply you with every shade of hideous polyester lining, unlimited netting to make those dreaded hen night ra ra skirts, knock off liberty cotton poplin and some would be amazing neon faux fur if it was just that little bit more better quality. There is a haberdashery in town which has a few gems depending when you go in and a shop on the Barbican that has a few nice but very limited fabric. Dunelm mill will sort you out for Curtains and there is a trade shop in Faraday mill in which I have never been. I imagine this lack of fabric resource to be for the fact that a) the whole market is narrow as no-one really makes clothes anymore and b) if you come to Plymouth you would understand.
That said, the whole fashion department are advised to take regular trips to London, not that I mind, I love London! I only found a few of these places through reading blogs so it makes sense for me to share my favourite haunts with you !
Walthamstow Market (Walthamstow Central)
I was sceptical when I first heard about how cheap this place is as I do not really associate as London being cheap anywhere however I was pleasantly surprised! Shops selling fabric from 50p a meter and lots of different stock in each shop. It wasn't really relevant to what I needed in regards to my final collection but will most definitely be going here again for myself. Great for velvets, cottons and jerseys. Also lots of haberdashery and trimmings! Found some really lovely things. Would definitely recommend, although i think it's good to mention that apparently it is a lot better on a saturday when all traders are on the market, I went on a thursday.
Dalston (Dalston Kingsland)
From the Dalston mill fabrics website, I was expecting some mass style shop so was very confused after I had bartered my way through the street market to this tiny little shop front. do not let looks deceive you, this shop is massive and has a whole host of different fabrics at all reasonable prices and good quality, I bought some nice navy suiting and waterproofing, would definitely go again.
Goldhawk road (Goldhawk rd, Shepherds Bush Market, Shepherds Bush)
I read online that there are plans to knock down this whole area, I certainly hope not, there are LOADS of fabric shops along this strip so it seems silly to go fabric shopping without visiting here. You can find pretty much anything and there is generally a good variation. I need to go back on saturday and hopefully find some nice charmeuse! Reasonably priced but all of the shops slightly vary. There are also a few fabric stalls in shepherds bush market which is midway through the street and again reasonably priced.
Berwick St, Soho (Oxford Circus, Picadilly Circus)
This street has a few lovely shops but cloth house is definitely my favourite, lots of nice fabric you don't really find anywhere else and student discount when you spend over £10! What is not to like? Its very pretty inside. Also check out so high so ho next door, there is nothing in regards to fabric but what a great shop !
Where are your favourite fabric sources?
SDC Competition : Material World
Plymouth College of Art : Model Casting
Toile development : Oversized Anorak
Higher Conciousness : Fashion Illustration
Toile Development : Hareem Afternoon
Happy New Year !
So it is now January 3rd – Hangovers are dwindled, sale rails empty, public transport resumed and I'm slowly starting to know what day of the week it is again, safe to say the new year has began ! (Unless your Chinese). I know there a lot of neigh sayers online hating on the "New year, new me" spirit that seems to spread via Facebook and Twitter at this time of year, but they can keep their opinion I say! Of course you do not need to wait for New Year to change things about your life or about yourself, however it is a natural milestone in my eyes and therefore a great time for reflection on the year just passed, 2013 had many a good time and many lessons learned! But out of every teeny bit of useful and nonsensical information my brain absorbed last year… I guess the biggest lesson I learned was that if you don't learn from your lessons they will come around again… essentially, you can't ignore your demons, you must fight them, if you ever plan to be a better version of yourself. You can't cheat your Universe… it knows…
2014 is going to be a hard year, but for the right reasons…In 6 months time I'm going to have a bound dissertation in hand looking at a 6 outfit collection with a (hopeful first – realistic 2:1) BA under my belt, what will I blog about then? The perils of a graduate fashion student on the hunt for that little thing called a job?… Most likely. Like many graduating fashionistas, I plan to move to the big L in the summer, a massive feat in its own right, and I do worry about money, I mean it can't keep you happy but sometimes you just need a few quid to keep you going – any student of fashion knows how expensive our course is, what they don't tell you is that it is so much worse when you leave! So I think some proper scrimping is in order this year! I've just bought a new laptop so here's to hoping I can afford the internet in 6 months time… I've just finished Christmas temping at Topshop which has paid for said laptop, 100ml Juicy Couture LA LA and my Christmas shopping, my next student loan has been budgeted for fabric and my BK wages pay my rent and tide me along with the odd takeaway and night out… Maybe my resolution should be to start playing lotto every week?


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2009 Honda CR-V
Choose Honda CR-V Style:
C/D Overview:
Honda's small four-cylinder soft-roader offers solid construction and peerless reliability if not handsome styling. While others, notably the Toyota RAV4, have grown larger to offer three rows of seating, the CR-V sticks to its original winning thrifty, two-row formula.
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An established rep for quality and reliability, remains small in a time of bloat, good driving position.
A face only its mom could love, no V-6 if you need it.
What's New
Redesigned for 2007; unchanged for '09.
Behind The Wheel
Drives like a small Honda truck, meaning it's surprisingly agile with a quiet interior and efficient space usage. Sure, there's no V-6, but who cares? You're getting 25 mpg.


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What does IFP mean in Toronto Stock Exchange?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand IFP in the Business field in general and in the Toronto Stock Exchange terminology in particular.
International Forest Products Limited
Find a translation for IFP in other languages:
Select another language:
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Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"IFP." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/604992>.
IFP also stands for:
- Bullhead City, Arizona USA
- Ifg Grp.
- Image Formation and Processing
- In Forma Pauperis
- Independent Feature Project
... and 29 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
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Ticklists: Ian's Slate E4's for 2014, AMC Uni Ticklist.
Photo: Remain in Light © SGD View all 10 photos or Submit a new photo of this climb.
The jenga jug fell apart in my hand while trying to do the crux! Stood on a bolt heD to recover composher Andy Peak 1 - Lead - 17/Feb/15 with phill ukc
Fragmod - Lead - 15/Feb/15
Practised hard moves on top rope from Great Curve firstM_Robinson - Lead RP - 24/Jan/15 with Alfie Maun, DanielGyi
Hidden - TR dog - 24/Jan/15
climbEdclimb - Lead O/S - 05/Nov/14 with Ian Stevens
ianstevens - 2nd rpt - 05/Nov/14 with Ed Tonkin
tomwright1509 - Lead O/S - 05/Nov/14
soph - Lead O/S - 31/Aug/14 with Brian McAlinden
fell taking a rest... wasn't concentrating!! jacob shieldhouse hadley - Lead rpt - 12/Aug/14
Hidden - Lead O/S - 05/Jul/14
tim newton - Lead O/S - 11/Jun/14 with mike grant
Hidden - Lead dnf - 25/May/14
greenclimb - Lead O/S - 25/May/14 with Sarah
Hidden - Lead O/S - 25/May/14
felt much easier than slug club. and pretty safe. 6b sport?. will lead next timeJamesWilliams - TR O/S - 04/Mar/14
BenRyle - Lead O/S - 04/Mar/14 with Dan
Quality route but very safe and straightforward- basically an F6b with a bolt missing.Dan724 - Lead O/S - 04/Mar/14 with James Williams
oliverpcain - Lead O/S - 2014
barni - Lead rpt - 25/Nov/13 with Oates, luke
Luke Brooks - Lead - 25/Nov/13 with Will, Barni
Missing a bit from around the third bolt - probably makes the start of the crux sequence a bit easier, but I can't really compare.ianstevens - Lead O/S - 09/Nov/13
Chunk come out of bottom of crux - new big hold.ad111 - Lead β - 09/Nov/13
Hidden - Lead - 01/Aug/13
Hidden - Lead O/S - 29/Jun/13
Hidden - Lead O/S - 02/Jun/13
wolf.leeb - Lead O/S - 14/May/13 with jo
Tom Seccombe - Lead O/S - 30/Nov/12 with tim exley
UncleMephisto - Lead O/S - Aug/12
Pretty steady, felt safe and relatively easy climbing. a good 1st E4 on slate.willoates - Lead O/S - 08/May/12 with John Oooooore
ksjs - Lead dnf - 25/Oct/11 with Torquil
Hidden - Lead - Oct/11
chris sm - 2nd O/S - 05/Aug/11 with Jon Pearson
Hidden - Lead O/S - 05/Aug/11
Fell on crux, then did it but bailed as it still seemed a long way to next bolt and I don't trust slate!AlexD - Lead dnf - 09/Jul/11 with Dan
samrad - Lead O/S - 06/Oct/10 with crad
Great moves, it's all on your feetSGD - Lead O/S - 30/May/09 with Alastair Thompson
Rest at the hard bit......... (my feet where hurting) I have all the excuses!ASchwirtz - TR dog - 28/Sep/08 with Al thompson
barni - Lead O/S - 17/Sep/08 with Northern
Glyn - Lead dog - 17/Sep/08 with Barni
Hidden - Lead dog - 17/Sep/08
barni - Lead O/S - 01/Apr/08 with Si
Hidden - TR dog - 14/Feb/08
should have had this but bottled it at penultimate bolt - must do some more fall practice on slabs. brilliant climbing. finished up Great Curveksjs - Lead dnf - 03/Feb/08 with goosebump
fran04 - TR - 2008 with ian rowell
Hidden - 2008
Hidden - Lead O/S - 06/Apr/07
Hidden - 2nd - 03/Mar/07
Toby Dunn - Lead O/S - 04/Feb/07 with Bob
Hidden - Lead O/S - 2007
Dringo - 2006
Roget - 2nd O/S - 25/May/91 with colin
Billg - Lead O/S - 1989
bullybones - 1987
Users with this climb on their wishlist are: Ropeboy, gd303uk


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Xbox sale: Zoo Tycoon, Titanfall & a bunch of 360 gamesThe following will be available tomorrow only, very helpfully without prices. Thanks. At least you can click links to check the pricing here. Meanwhile, the following go on sale tomorrow and last until July 14. "A new set of Xbox 360 games will go on sale every day this week," so looks like you're stuck checking in what you want. Comments not appearing? Anti-virus apps like Avast or some browser extensions can cause this. Easy fix: Add [*].disqus.com to your software's white list. Tada! Happy comments time again.
Did you know? You can now get daily or weekly email notifications when humans reply to your comments.


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New Hanover county residents aren't so luckySubmitted by Brunswick (not verified) on Tue, 09/09/2008 - 6:26pm.
New Hanover County government needs to provide convenient places for people outside of the city limits a place to take their yard debris. You could learn from Brunswick county! We have areas set up conveniently for handling all types of waste and they are fair priced!
Reply |


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Major Brand 8mm Light Rosewood Laminate |
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Macquarie Group expands its HQ
PUBLISHED: 26 Jun 2010 00:06:58 | UPDATED: 26 Jun 2010 04:00:14PUBLISHED: 26 Jun 2010 PRINT EDITION: 26 Jun 2010Macquarie Group has defied it own cautious statements about its outlook by taking up more floors at its landmark No.1 Martin Place headquarters in Sydney.
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Companies | Macquarie Group Ltd, Charter Hall Group |
People | Greg Ward, David Harrison |
Topics | Property, Financial Markets |


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This Day in Ohio HistoryThis Day in Ohio History is a fascinating day-by-day survey of the state's colorful past. Based on a series of daily features published in the Cincinnati Enquirer to celebrate Ohio's bicentennial, this book offers nearly a thousand anecdotes about the people and events that shaped Ohio's history and culture. |
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Review: This Day in Ohio History
User Review - Polymer - GoodreadsCool day-to-day Ohio History book collaborated by my sister in law. Read full review


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StationI stared down the grey lineLingering at the station.Pathetically waiting in vain,For the vivid colours of AutumnTo burn through the mist of NovemberThat had settled along the tracks.I was still waiting when the branches were bare;December leeched the last of the huesFrom the sight of my hometown horizon.I don't pray --but somehow hopedFor a more promising JanuaryTo emerge from the downpourAs the train arrived late.
Misgiven flightI'm not an angel anymoreI am a reject catholic school girlLost in forgotten words that are not good enoughTo embrace the coat tails of the devilI sin while drinking waterDevour rivulets of lifeSteeping in the liesTold to childrenI am a firefly without a flameTo her, to him, and all the othersI am the wayward puppy that grew out of cutenessAnd became a thorn to livingBut these scenarios that bare my name are misgivenInsideI still bleed as a virginBegging to be held by the tears of real angelsReaching for the moonbeams that could help me find a heavenI am not a demon's protégéBut rather the heartache that sleeps beneath a bruised skyA fragment of harmonyNocturnal and famished by the nourishment of the crickets lullabyI am liquid silenceEchoing forgotten syllablesThe flutter of a lashA misfit numbed by beautyA forgotten fire that dances to the attentive whispers of fallen angels
Beneath the SmogShe wears moonbeams and a silky, white starletting brilliant ideas foam at her lips,never believing she'd go that far.Dreams gone wrong by defiled hipsanswering with a mandatory moan;trading filthy words for better tips,.When his words slip from the phoneThoughts spring back to whispered promises.Her heart beats to the dial-tone.
The MagicianIn the Tarot I was born under the day of the Magician.I bring the powers of Heaven to Earth.I can control my emotions, my fortunes and my destiny.I can unify the yin and the yang.As with balancing the good and the bad.I myself is as confident as one could be. for I attack with a blunt sword. yet part of me remains hidden be hind my confidence.As I am very intelligent.I show it through my many debates.With my knowledge I know to rise from my failures,with a confident and flashy way.Just like my spirit birds;the Peacock, and the Phoenix.I cannot be hurt or show it. For I rise above it all and I am once again born from my pain.I do not hide my secrets,but let them renew me.I am the flower that grows on the dead tree.I am the wound caused by the blunt sword. I am the cup that never empties and never fills.I am the combining force of Heaven's light and Earth's darkness. I am the magician.
BetrayalYou gave me scars;Cuts that run soul deep.I can never forget you,Because in absolute truthI never felt the knife slide in--But I felt it twist.
I still can't say it...I've grown.You no longer haunt me;I have changedI accept my face is my own,You are part of me but I'm not you.I never have been And never will be. Yet,Four years on;I still can't find the words I needTo finally manage to say'Goodbye Dad.'
Money, money, moneyMoney, money, money.I laugh even though I don't find it funny.How stressed I am because of my lack of money.How much my life actually depends upon it.How much the fate of my future actually rests upon it.How easily you can lose friends because of the lust for it.How friends can become enemies just because of the hunt for it.My stress levels increase to the point where I have had enough of it.I bury my woeful head because I know it is impossible to run from it.Although I will always need money, I will never have any love for it.Without money would there be such a thing as rich and poor?Will the streets still be filled with homeless people and whores?Will there be any volatile countries wanting to wage a war?Will there be any destitute and desperate individuals breaking the law?Will there be any ambitious individuals wanting to break through the door?What kind of future will this world have in store?Will there be any reason for living in this world anymore?Money comes, m
Sonnet XVIWhen life smites me in its wavering courseAnd colder than winters my winters be,I look upon Woe with tearful remorseAnd wish he would bewail to comfort me.Yet, tears take a man, and a man aloneSuch is the nature of inner downpourAnd empty the foyer, vacant the throneWhen stormy seas conquer the untrained shore.Yet, while I speak to airy winds in verseMy rightful purpose I do once more find,And in frightful pleasure I bless my curseAnd to my life, whisper,"Thou art too kind".To every loved patron my word I give:Life's will be undone, for thee I shall live.
HurtI'm all in, might as well stop pretendin',There's no way to take back the words I've said.I have nothing left to hide.So please answer this,Before I'm completely swept away by the tide.Can you ever forgive me for what I did,I'm sorry, I never meant to hurt you.I was just consumed by my greed and desire.I'm calling, calling out your name tonight.Saying how ashamed I am,That I'll somehow make everything alright.And that I'm not giving up without a fight.I'm gonna find you and make this right.When I finally came to my senses,You had already raised your defenses.If I had known I would have to sacrifice you,For the things I want to do,Then it would have been too heavy a price.Why couldn't I realize this a little sooner,Maybe then you would be so far away.I'm calling, calling out your name tonight.Saying how ashamed I am,That I'll somehow try and make this right,And that I'm not giving up without a fight,Yeah,I'll find you and make this alright.I'm just lying here,F
I Know It HurtsSolid foundations turn to dustDaily fate soars with the breezeSometimes it's too hard to adjustThe earth quakes beneath your kneesYou find no comfort in warm facesWhat you search for isn't thereYour world alone sits in a stasisNagging pains you just won't shareAngst filled cannons fire at willNow you're just making things worseYour fingers grasp a stubborn pillEvery dose adds to your curseUnhinged your world comes crashing downYou're just adding to the noiseThe will to fight lies undergroundYet you choose to hunt decoysWhen things break down you have to moveIf you think your core assertsIn time these scars life will removeTrust me friend I know it hurts
A Flickering CandleMy life is flashing before my eyesAs I'm sent flying through the airI attempt to brace myself for impactBut my body refuses to respondIt's frightening to feel so brokenBlood flows like a river from my sideThere is no way I could have escapedBut that isn't what hurts mostThe ones I love fill my thoughtsThey drift amongst lances of painWatching as my body hits the groundCrying as I cry tears of my ownThis reality tastes so bitter upon my lipsAll I can do is hope and prayPeople rush towards my helpless bodyAnd stare down at me with varying emotionsSuddenly I'm alone staring into the darknessIt takes everything I have not to disappearA flickering candle burns in my heartMaybe if I fight I can burn for those I love
Astronauti.238,900 miles awaythe Earth gleams in the darkness.A cat's eye, opalescent blueflecked with terra verdant,fifty-two cream colorsof cloud.Under a heavy lid of night,it glares. Angry.Baleful.As if to say to the Sun:I was dreamingof all the fishin my seas.As if to ask whyit had to be woken.ii.Thoughts are protozoan here;with glass-thin skintransparent as the first liehe ever told as a child.No,I didn't steal that candy bar.He can see the mechanics,the workings,the insides.They divide like dreams,impossibly smoothly,Whole and unbrokenas they tear apart. Ifhe could stretch far enough,he could pop his home planetlike soap bubble.Even now,he's too smallto make muchof a difference.iii.238,900 miles away,there is a small click.A tiny latchcatchingas his 14-year-old daughterslides her seatbeltinto place.She's learning how to drive,and how to feel a new kind of terror.Haunting thoughtof collision. Of boneor brick breaking,of sounda
A Villanelle on ExistenceNothing in life is ever thineExcept that old reclusive mind,You are yours and I am mine.Such is creation's sole designGive mankind sight but render blind,Nothing in life is ever thine.Solitary is every shrineIn which existence is confined,You are yours and I am mine.Lonely are they who walk the lineAnd yet they know it is defined:Nothing in life is ever thine.Aloof the jackal sits to dineAnd prey, in prayer does remind:You are yours and I am mine.As though birth and death lent no sign,It takes man all his days to findNothing in life is ever thine,You are yours and I am mine.
MoonslaughterThe moon does the dead man's floatTonight. Muscles atrophied, a gapingGoldfish dunked in silver, hangingLimp in a cold blue skyMy throat slit, my mouth dry:My words glug out, lethargic,CongealingLike a cow's milked udderIn night's potbellyYou turn on split film reelsWith ticker-tape motionIn star-strewn sewers, gleanSpools of breastfed poetryTo wean the breastfed moon.
Descending SpiralHe smiles, laughter filling the room.Full of jokes and wit, self hilarity.He talks the talk and walks the walk.Mr. Right, the good kind of guy.Look Deeper.He sits and speaks, shade across the face.Serious matters come to light.Yet who talks more not less?Always you.Look Deeper.In that fraction of a second.Caught without the mask.Hurt, pain, anguish.Too many burdens to bear.Look Deeper.He has so many shells,What do they hold?A void even he cannot dare to touch.It eats away, his very being.Look Deeper.The remnants;A fraction of what he was.But he is those ruins.Of the great person he used to be.Look Deeper.He is laughter, that hides the tears.He is hope, without light of his own.He is strength, where weakness comes from.He is wisdom, histories one reward.He has suffered, yet he does not shy away.He has hurt, yet he trudges on.He has loved, yet he accepts his way.He is; a wounded dancer, with show and encore.Look Deeper.Your toes touching rock.
In The Life of a CatMoved...[ link ]
Moved...[ link ]
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Throughout childhood, students add to the number of acquaintances they have and develop close friendships. At different ages, students have different expectations for friends, so the character of friendship changes over the years. Students usually are closest to others who are similar in age, race, sex, interests, degree of sociability, and values (Hartup & Stevens, 1997). Through the early elementary school years, students prefer a friend who is easily accessible, has nice toys, and plays easily. Students, also prefer someone who quickly rewards attempts at friendliness (Seifert & Hoffnung, 2000). During the middle of the elementary school years, shared values become important. Beginning in middle school, students really start to care about what happens to a friend. They stress mutual understanding and closeness but still expect friends to be useful to them (Reisman & Shorr, 1978).
Students who make and keep friends are skillful at initiating interactions with their peers, maintaining ongoing interactions, and resolving interpersonal conflicts. These skills are developed through four primary strategies that teachers can help students develop:
- Greeting another student directly ("Hi! What's your name?")
- Asking appropriate questions ("What's your favorite TV show?")
- Giving information ("I like to play checkers.")
- Trying to include the new friend in their activities ("Do you want to play tag at recess?")
Students need to know that it is important to keep trying even when rejected. Teachers should recognize that the willingness to keep trying depends on self-confidence.
Through daily classroom activities, teachers can effectively coach students in social skills that help them begin and continue satisfying friendships. Coaching involves telling or showing students how to use a specific social skill. This includes giving students opportunities to practice the skill and giving feedback with suggestions for improving the use of the skill. Among the skills that are effectively taught are asking questions, learning to give positive reinforcement to others (such as smiles), making good eye contact, and taking turns (Kostelnik et al., 2002). Once a friendship has begun, many skills can contribute to its continuation:
- Rewarding a friend by smiling at him or her
- Imitating the friend's actions
- Paying attention to the friend
- Approving of what the friend does
- Complying with the friend's wishes
- Sharing things with the friend
- Communicating well
- Being a good listener
- Giving information needed by the listener
- Judging whether your own actions have shown or not shown respect for others' rights and welfare (Hartup, Glazer, & Charlesworth, 1987)
Friendships can be examined by discussing current events and historical situations. Consider the following questions as ideas for content that can be discussed within social studies units:
- At one time the United States has been both a friend and an enemy of Germany. What might be the characteristics of friendships between the leaders of these nations?
- What is meant by a media report that someone got a city building contract because he was the friend of the mayor?
- Does a real friendship mean you do illegal things for your friends?
- Henry Ford and Thomas Edison were close friends. What was the basis for their friendship?
Empathy and Helpful Prosocial Behaviors
Empathy is the ability to vicariously experience the emotions of another person. It is thought to play an important part in developing friendships (Seifert & Hoffnung, 2000). Empathy relates to prosocial behaviors. These are positive social actions that benefit others such as sharing, helping, and cooperating.
As early as kindergarten, children demonstrate empathy by responding helpfully to another person's distress: comforting, giving things to another child, warning a child of further danger, and inquiring of a child in trouble. Teachers foster empathy and prosocial behaviors by encouraging high-quality peer contacts, such as those that often occur in cooperative group or pairs activities. Researchers have found that children raised in cooperative rural Israeli kibbutz communities exhibited more empathy and prosocial behaviors than usually are found among city children (Eisenberg, Hertz-Lazarowitz, & Fuchs, 1990). Teachers foster empathy by (1) giving verbal approval to students' prosocial behaviors, (2) modeling empathy and prosocial behaviors, (3) using instructional practices that involve cooperative activities, (4) analyzing the words and acts of characters in stories and books for prosocial behaviors, and (5) using activities in which students' have greater control of their learning.
Self-esteem and self-concept are closely connected. If a person is pleased with his self-concept, he will have high self-esteem. Most students have formed a stable sense of self-esteem by the middle school years. Self-esteem appears to be related to social behavior. Students with high self-esteem participate frequently in discussions and other activities rather than simply listen passively (Coopersmith, 1967). Expressing opinions, approaching new tasks with self-confidence, resisting peer pressure, and making friends easily are thought to be the result of high self-esteem based on positive self-concept. However, high self-esteem could be the result of these positive characteristics rather than the cause of them. Teachers need to work to foster a positive self-concept in each student and to indicate respect and appreciation for each student's abilities and cultural background. Because self-esteem affects motivation and the desire to study and learn, teachers use instructional strategies and management procedures to support its formation.
© ______ 2008, Allyn & Bacon, an imprint of Pearson Education Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved. The reproduction, duplication, or distribution of this material by any means including but not limited to email and blogs is strictly prohibited without the explicit permission of the publisher.


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Alumni News |
Ed Hochuli ('76) - "NFL's Most Famous Referee"Ed Hochuli ('76), a partner in the firm of Jones, Skelton and Hochuli, was featured in August 28, 2012, Yahoo Sports article. Read the article here. UPDATE: See this picture of Mr Hochuli on the cover of the October 8, 2012, issue of Sports Illustrated. Posted:09/12/2012 Updated: 10/25/2012 |


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Britain must punch above its weight in the global market
John Witherow
Britain must punch above its weight in the global market
John Witherow
George Osborne defended his right to intervene in the running of state-owned Royal Bank of Scotland, as its outgoing chief executive prepares to appear at an event next week with Ed Balls. The Chancellor used The Times CEO summit to mount a defence of his decision to change course over RBS last month. Since then the share price has dropped, wiping more than £4 billion off the value of the 81 per cent taxpayer owned bank. "I represent the taxpayer," Mr Osborne said yesterday. "It's a very important bank for our country, it's the largest lender to small business in our country, so of course we're interested in the health of the bank." Suggesting he was pushing the bank to play a greater role in the economy, he said: "[People] have to understand that I'm running not just a finance ministry but an economics ministry." He was responding to accusations by the Shadow Chancellor that the Government mishandled the removal of Stephen Hester as the RBS chief executive. Mr Balls told The Times event that this "sent a bad signal around the world about the way government is working with business". Mr Balls said the move would make it harder to return RBS to the private sector. "If the reason why you want the transition is five-year stability, then what you do is you make sure you can announce the successor for the next five years before you have a departure. That didn't happen." Mr Hester will next week appear at an event with local
The Government will be forced to abandon its renewable energy programme unless it is more honest with consumers about the soaring cost, the owner of British Gas has warned. Sam Laidlaw, the chief executive of Centrica, said that consumers were not sufficiently aware of the £104 levy on each household's energy bill they will be paying by the end of the decade to fund renewable subsidies. If consumers are not prepared to pay higher energy bills to tackle climate change, a backlash could result when the escalating costs become apparent. This could force the government of the day to retrospectively scrap the subsidies as Spain has done in recent years. The move has destroyed investor confidence in the Spanish energy sector, a prospect already unnerving energy companies in the UK, Laidlaw told a panel discussion entitled "How to keep the lights on in Britain
Attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) is as much about defending your strengths as it is about trying to gain new ones. The UK has many strong points that make it an attractive destination for foreign investors: it is business-friendly with relatively low corporate tax rates and a low level of red tape; its mother tongue is the business language of the world; it is in a time zone where it is possible to conduct business with both the US and Asia during regular working hours; and it has unfettered access to the world's largest single market through its membership of the European Union. There are many areas where the UK could do better. Notably, it scores poorly with regard to infrastructure and education, at least relative to countries with a similar income. Given the abundance of the UK's "selling points" however, it should be no surprise that it wa
Business leaders at The Times CEO summit were encouraged by recovery - and unanimously were in favour of joining Europe
It's the red-meat issue on the menu and key for business leaders: but if there is a consensus on the EU, it is that there is no consensus
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At a debate on Britain's place in Europe during The Times CEO Summit, corporate leaders clashed on the proposal for a referendum
Britain's membership of the European Union is far too important to be decided on a whim, says Vince Cable, the business secretary
The best way forward on the European question would be renegotiation – not walking away, according to John Longworth
Bad food, whingeing Poms and an obsession with the Second World War: why we must overcome our stereotypes to succeed
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We love the internet more than any other nation, but our big companies need to use that, Saul Klein tells Murad Ahmed
Retaining what makes you unique is key in a global world, Barclays Premier League boss Richard Scudamore tells Sarah Ebner