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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Frostbite Theater - Monarch Butterflies - Monarch Butterfly Pupation
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterfly Previous Video (Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterfly) Frostbite Theater Main Index Next Video (Monarch Butterfly Emergence) Monarch Butterfly...
Frostbite Theater - Monarch Butterflies - Monarch Butterfly Emergence
Eclipses Monarch Butterfly Emergence A portion of this footage was used in the video "Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterfly" and is presented here in its entirety without...
Frostbite Theater - Monarch Butterflies - Life Cycle of the Monarch
Measure the Diameter of the Sun! Measure the Diameter of the Sun! Previous Video (Let's Measure the Diameter of the Sun!) Frostbite Theater Main Index Next Video (Monarch Butterfly Pupation) Monarch Butterfly Pupation Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterfly Follow the life cycle of the Monarch butterfly from egg to adult! [ Show Transcript ] Announcer: Frostbite Theater presents... Cold Cuts! No baloney! Joanna and Steve: Just science! Joanna: Hi! I'm Joanna! Steve: And I'm Steve! Joanna: And this is a field that used to house a bunch of ugly trailers that were used for office space. A couple of years ago the Lab tore them down and in an effort to cut the cost of lawn maintanence, they planted a bunch of wild flowers in their place. Steve: Last year Joanna and I planted this plant. This is milkweed. It's a
Plasma deposited rider rings for hot displacer
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A hot cylinder for a cryogenic refrigerator having two plasma spray deposited rider rings of a corrosion and abrasion resistant material provided in the rider ring grooves, wherein the rider rings are machined to the desired diameter and width after deposition. The rider rings have gas flow flats machined on their outer surface.
Kroebig, Helmut L. (Rolling Hills, CA)
Green Marketing, Renewables, Free Riders
0632 0632 UC-1321 Green Marketing, Renewables, and Free Riders: Increasing Customer Demand for a Public Good Ryan Wiser and Steven Pickle Environmental Energy Technologies Division Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory University of California Berkeley, California 94720 September 1997 The work described in this study was funded by the Assistant Secretary of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of Utility Technologies, Office of Energy Management Division of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC03-76SF00098. i Table of Contents Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Section 1: Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The butterfly clock : illuminating the molecular mysteries of monarch migration
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Each fall, the entire monarch butterfly population of the Eastern United States and Canada funnels into a handful of oyamel pine groves in Michoacan, Mexico, to weather the winter months. Each spring, the butterflies mate ...
Rice, Jocelyn
Laboratory Shuttle Bus Routes: Instructions for Riders
Instructions for Riders Instructions for Riders Shuttle stops are marked with this sign: Bus sign image Tips for riders: When you see a shuttle bus approaching WAVE AT THE DRIVER so the driver knows you want to board the bus For safety reasons, shuttle bus drivers can only pick-up and drop-off passengers at designated stops. Shuttle services are for Berkeley Lab employee and guest use only. All riders are required to show ID when boarding off-site buses. Acceptable ID's are: LBNL badge, UC Berkeley student and faculty ID badge, DOE badge, or UCOP badge. Guests are required to present a visitor bus pass, email, or permission from Lab host, written on official letterhead. See Site Access for more information. As you board, tell the driver the building number of your destination. The driver will be able to assist you with directions.
Instability of Equivalent-Barotropic Riders
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
It is shown, by the integration of numerical initial-value problems, that modon-with-rider solutions to the equivalent barotropic equation are unstable in the parametric range relevant to Gulf Stream rings. The fastest growing mode is found to ...
Mark Swenson
SunRider Solar LLC | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Sector Services, Solar Product Arizona-based solar services company providing turnkey solar installations. References SunRider Solar LLC1 LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase...
MHK Technologies/Wave Rider | Open Energy Information
Rider Rider < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Wave Rider.jpg Technology Profile Primary Organization Seavolt Technologies Technology Resource Click here Wave Technology Type Click here Point Absorber - Floating Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 4 Proof of Concept Technology Description The company s Wave Rider system uses buoys and hydraulic pumps to convert the movement of ocean waves into electricity Electricity is generated via small turbines powered by hydraulic circuits which captures the energy of the wave and converts it into high pressure hydraulic fluid flow spinning the turbines to generate electricity Technology Dimensions Device Testing Date Submitted 19:42.1 << Return to the MHK database homepage
EA-1800: DOE's Proposed Financial Assistance to Illinois for the Monarch
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
00: DOE's Proposed Financial Assistance to Illinois for the 00: DOE's Proposed Financial Assistance to Illinois for the Monarch Warren County Wind Turbine Project, Lenox Township, Warren County, Illinois EA-1800: DOE's Proposed Financial Assistance to Illinois for the Monarch Warren County Wind Turbine Project, Lenox Township, Warren County, Illinois Overview The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has provided Federal funding to the Illinois Department of Commerce and Economic Opportunity (DCEO) under the State Energy Program (SEP). DCEO is seeking to provide $5 million of its SEP funds to Monarch Wind Power (MWP), who would use these funds for the design, permitting, and construction of 12, 1.6-megawatt wind turbines, for a combined generation capacity of 19.2 megawatts. Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time.
Draft Surety Bond Rider Associated With Request for Transfer of Licenses Dear Ms. Haney: Purpose
The purpose of this letter is to request the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's (NRC) review and approval of a draft surety bond rider for the American Centrifuge Lead Cascade Facility. Background On December 30, 2010 (Reference 1), the NRC issued approval of the draft financial assurance instrument with one condition. Prior to the execution of the new surety bond, USEC Inc. (USEC) must submit for review a draft of the entire surety bond. This draft of the new surety bond must state the company that will underwrite the bond. The draft bond should also indicate the following on the line following the State of incorporation: "Surety's qualification in jurisdiction where licensed facility is located. " Also, on February 11, 2011 (Reference 2), the NRC issued Order EA- 11-013 in relation to USEC's request for written consent to transfer materials licenses from USEC to a subsidiary limited liability company (LLC), American Centrifuge Operating, LLC. Condition 1 states "USEC will obtain NRC approval on the revised financial assurance instruments for decommissioning of the Lead Cascade Facility." Discussion As stated within the Decommissioning Funding Plan, USEC presently intends to provide for funding through a surety bond. Enclosure 1 of this letter provides the draft surety bond rider which meets the conditions as specified within References 1 and 2. Action USEC respectfully requests that the NRC complete their review of the enclosed draft surety bond rider for the American Centrifuge Lead Cascade Facility by May 20, 2011.
Peter J
Analysis of Potential Free-Rider Eligibility for a Proposed Commercial Building Lighting Tax Deduction
SciTech Connect
The report provides estimates of the potential volume of ''free riders'', in terms of both eligible square footage and associated available tax deductions, in a proposed commercial building lighting tax amendment to the 2003 Energy Bill. Determination of the actual tax rate for businesses and how the amendment may impact tax revenue collected by the treasury is beyond the scope of this effort. Others, such as the Treasury itself, are best equipped to make their own estimates of the eventual impact based on the total deductions available to taxable entities.
Winiarski, David W.; Richman, Eric E.; Biyani, Rahul K.
Tree Frogs
of Conservation TREE FROGS The tree frog, or "tree toad", is popularly supposed to forecast rain; probably because he prefers humid weather and, after the mating season, sings...
Gridling Trees
Gridling Trees Gridling Trees Name: Ellen Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I need help!!!! Rabbits gridled three of my new trees last week. I am a first-time tree planter and I had no idea that this would happen and the folks at the nursery hadn't told us that this was a danger. The bark is gone. Is there any way I can save these trees? The trees are about seven feet tall. They are a crabapple, a dogwood, and an Eastern redbud. Is there any such thing as an artificial bark that I can put on them? Thank you for your help. Ellen Replies: Dear Ellen, "How can I save a tree that's been girdled by rabbits this winter? Can it be saved? That depends on several factors. How large is the tree? How much bark is girdled away? Girdling cuts off the tree's transportation system and could kill it. To prevent further damage from rabbits use a cage made of hardware mesh 1/4-inch. Enclose trunk far enough from bark to allow trunk diameter to expand as tree matures, and at least two feet higher than expected snow line. To protect against mice and voles push mesh two inches into the ground. (Protecting Trees and Shrubs Against Winter Damage, MES FO-1411-B.) "
Monarch and Viceroy Butterflies
without mouth, eyes, legs or wings. As the days pass, the chrysalis darkens because the red and black adult is beginning to develop inside. Then the pupal skin splits and,...
Hollow Trees
Hollow Trees Hollow Trees Nature Bulletin No. 335-A March 3, 1969 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation George W. Dunne, President HOLLOW TREES You may have heard the expression: "They couldn't see the forest for the trees". There was a time, especially in Germany, when foresters grew trees as farmers grow cabbages: thousands of acres covered with just one kind planted in long rows that were kept free of all seedlings, underbrush, dead or injured trees and everything but perfect specimens. For a while these plantations produced astonishing yields of lumber and the Germans boasted of them as models of "efficiency". The fact that they supported practically no wildlife -- only a few birds, no food for deer, and so forth -- was contemptuously dismissed.
cell tree
NIST. cell tree. (data structure). ... Concave objects are decomposed into convex pieces. Each convex piece is indexed in every cell which it overlaps. ...
Banana Trees
Banana Trees Banana Trees Name: Adele Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Why do Banana trees grow bananas?? I've been asked this question and no-one I know can provide an answer! Bananas do not have seeds in them to reproduce the tree (e.g you can grow a lemon tree from the seeds in the fruit but not a banana tree from a banana) What evolutionary justification is there for a banana tree to bear fruit? Replies: Hi Adele! you are right, one cannot seed a banana tree, still that kind of vegetal is reproduced and grows... As many other plants they have an asexual reproduction, where the new plants are identical in every respect to the parent plant.The asexual reproduction involves no union of cells or nuclei of cells, there are not mingling of genetic traits. Banana plant is a gigantic herb that grows from an under- ground stem ( rhizome),and forms a false trunk with leaves. There emerges a large flower spike, with numerous individual flowers, that bends downward to become fruits. After the plants had fruits, they die and are replaced by others that arise from the underground stem, and that process can keep on going for many years. Right?
Tree Rings
was a lean year or a fat one. Each year, beneath the bark, the tree adds a layer of wood to its trunk which becomes that much larger in diameter. When conditions are ideal, the...
Tree capillaries
plants. According to our memories, at 33 feet the forces of capillary action and gravity cancel each other out. We would like to explore how a 100 foot tree can transport...
Tree Flowers
Flowers Flowers Nature Bulletin No. 524-A April 6, 1974 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation TREE FLOWERS Many people do not realize that all of our common trees have flowers. Otherwise they could not produce seeds. We are apt to think of flowering trees as being those with showy blossoms -- most of them beautiful and some very fragrant -- such as the redbud, dogwood, buckeye, horse chestnut, black locust, tulip tree or yellow poplar, magnolia, and the fruit trees. However, all of our forest and shade trees have flowers -- of some kind -- which are just as interesting when examined with a strong reading glass. Some are grotesque, some exquisitely designed, some extremely colorful. They offer a new world to be explored and photographed. Some kinds, such as the elms, bloom profusely but the flowers are so small and delicately tinted that they are seldom noticed. Others, such as the poplars, oaks and walnuts, have peculiar flowers in the form of catkins that, without petals or sepals, do not look like flowers at all. The sycamore's tiny flowers are packed, in countless numbers, into a tight round ball that dangles back and forth on a long flexible stem.
Tree Pests
Tree Pests Tree Pests Name: Eric Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I have found an odd species of borer infesting the trees in my area. It does not confine itself to any single species, but seems to move from tree to tree, somewhat like a plague. They originated in a stand of Chinese elm (ulmus parvifolia) and then moved to our bur oaks (quercus macrocarpa) and our native version of white ash (fraxinus americana). As these trees are few and far between, the borers have recently moved to the cottonwoods (populus deltoides) which line the creeks. The borers cut a half inch wide hole, usually straight into the trunk. They kick out mounds of sawdust every so often, and attempts to plug thier holes are removed, always during the evening. I recently was forced to destroy some of the elms as they had been completely ransacked by these borers, a cut into the trunks revealed five bore holes within two inches of each other, with 4 more spaced farther away. I did manage to track down one of the borers in the log. It was about 2 inches long, with reddish pink coloring and black "spines" all along it. It had a sickly white underside to it also. I was wondering if you could possibly say what type of borer this is, I suspect some kind of carpenterworm, but the local government offices have been no help. I would like to at least slow these things down in time to save the Ashes and Oaks, some of which are over three-hundred years old, which is virtually unknown in my area. (northwest Kansas) Thanks for your help!
Urban tree mortality
influence tree maintenance and management practices. Thetree care, maintenance, and management (44%). MonitoringTree mortality Maintenance & management practices Human
Roman, Lara Angelica
Tree Diaries
Diaries Diaries Nature Bulletin No. 406-A February 13, 1971 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation TREE DIARIES We know a man whose life, as a civil engineer on construction projects, had been spent mostly out-of-doors but he knew very little about the plants and animals he saw. In 1945, after a long severe winter, March was usually warm and sunny. The birds came back north, the wildflowers bloomed, and the trees leafed out much earlier than in any year he could remember. So he spent every morning, from daybreak until time to go to work, walking through a forest preserve near his home, and he kept a diary of everything he saw. He had been doing that every year since 1945. He not only has some very valuable records but, in the meantime, by observing them carefully and studying about them in books, he has come to know more than most people about wildflowers, weeds, trees, birds, insects and other animals, and has had a lot of fun. Phenology, as it is called, can be an absorbing hobby and one of the best teachers. You also learn what an important factor weather is. For instance, there may be a difference of as much as a month in the earliest date of blooming of the skunk cabbage.
Definition of (a,b)-tree, possibly with links to more information and implementations. NIST. (a,b)-tree. (data structure). ...
Carter Co. Harding Co. Perkins Co. Dunn Co. Dawson Co. Fallon Co.
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Growing Tulip Poplar Trees
a tree from seed...I have found several self-seeding in my foundation plantings from compost I brought from a community compost area. (Locusts are another prominent tree species...
The Tulip Tree
the Tulip Tree -- the state tree of Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee and North Carolina. The paper or canoe birch of the north woods, because of its white bark and dainty leaves, is...
Olive Trees in Mexico
Olive Trees in Mexico Name: geert Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: Why do olive trees do not bear in Mexico's semi-arid highlands?. Ceratonia siliqua L. (carobs),...
Pine Tree Seed Germination
Pine Tree Seed Germination Pine Tree Seed Germination Name: Debbie Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: I live in an area with many pine trees and pine cones. I would like to start seedlings to replace the older trees as I lose them. How do I do it? I have searched the internet for how but have yet to find an anwser. I've examined the pine cones and am at a loss, where are the seeds? I have soft long needle trees with medium pine cones, I have Hemlock trees with small cones and I have very sharp long needle trees with longer, narrow cones. Do the cones have to have already fallen off the tree before using seeds? Thank you!! Replies: Dear Debbie, The following may be helpful: http://www.uidaho.edu/cfwr/forres/nursery/research/research/projects.htm http://www.walden.org/thoreau/writings/seeds/dispersion_01.htm
Approximating geodesic tree distance
Billera, Holmes, and Vogtmann introduced an intriguing new phylogenetic tree metric for weighted trees with useful properties related to statistical analysis. However, the best known algorithm for calculating this distance is exponential in the number ... Keywords: Analysis of algorithms, Phylogeny, Tree metric
Nina Amenta; Matthew Godwin; Nicolay Postarnakevich; Katherine St. John
Christmas Tree Decorations
Tree Decorations Tree Decorations Nature Bulletin No. 211-A December 18, 1965 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Seymour Simon, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation CHRISTMAS TREE DECORATIONS Christmas trees, decorated or "trimmed", apparently were first used in this country during the Revolutionary War by Hessian soldiers who, hired to fight for England, were thinking of the customs in their German homeland. An account of the festivities here at Fort Dearborn, in 1804, mentions a spruce Christmas tree. Some say that a Harvard professor from Germany had one in 1824. There is reliable evidence that there was such a tree in Cambridge, Mass., in 1832; and in Philadelphia two years later. The idea and the tradition spread rapidly through this country.
TreeDec Operation
... then the temporary directory tree is left intact. ... ancestor_sep=" >> " # insert decorations right after the ... consists of zero or more tab characters so ...
of European beech with projection matrix models. Annals ofand tree population projections in Baltimore, Maryland, USA.comparing modeled projections of a declining coniferous
Deciduous Trees in Florida
Deciduous Trees in Florida Deciduous Trees in Florida Name: Joanne Status: other Grade: other Location: Outside U.S. Country: USA Date: Winter 2011-2012 Question: Do peach trees loose there leaves in winter in Florida? Replies: Taylor Peach trees are deciduous, so yes, they lose their leaves: http://www.ehow.com/facts_7021010_information-deciduous-fruit-trees-florida.html Anthony R. Brach, Ph.D. Harvard University Herbaria c/o Missouri Botanical Garden This depends on the latitude. South of Immokalee, peach trees could stay evergreen year-round. However, they also will not bear fruit because a "chilling period" is needed to prime the tree for production in the spring. It simply doesn't get cool enough to pull this physiological trigger. Otherwise, a tree should drop its leaves in preparation for winter dormancy. If the early winter has been unseasonably warm and the trees have not dropped their leaves by mid-December, then a zinc sulfate solution can be applied to artificially induce defoliation.
Automated extensible XML tree diagrams
XML is a tree-oriented meta-language and understanding XML structures can often involve the construction of visual trees. These trees may use a variety of graphics for chosen elements and often condense or elide sections of the tree to aid focus, as ... Keywords: functional programming, svg, xml trees, xslt
John Lumley
Probabilistic timed behavior trees
The Behavior Tree notation has been developed as a method for systematically and traceably capturing user requirements. In this paper we extend the notation with probabilistic behaviour, so that reliability, performance, and other dependability properties ... Keywords: behavior trees, model checking, probabilities, timed automata
Robert Colvin; Lars Grunske; Kirsten Winter
Tangles, trees, and flowers
A tangle of order k in a matroid or graph may be thought of as a ''k-connected component''. For a tangle of order k in a matroid or graph that satisfies a certain robustness condition, we describe a tree decomposition of the matroid or graph that displays, ... Keywords: Connectivity, Matroids, Tangles, Tree decomposition
Ben Clark, Geoff Whittle
Pine Tree Growth Locations
Pine Tree Growth Locations Pine Tree Growth Locations Name: Amielee Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Why do pine trees not grow south of the equator? Replies: Dear Amielee, The natural distribution of the pines is the northern hemisphere: http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/green_plants/embryophytes/conif ers/pinaceae/pinus/pinus.html However, pines have become introduced into the southern hemisphere through cultivation: http://www.woodweb.com/~treetalk/Radiata_Pine/wowhome.html Sincerely, Anthony R. Brach, Ph.D. Hi Amielee Some pine trees do live south of the equator but we (I live in Australia) do not have the huge forests of native conifers that you have in the northern hemisphere. Even in the northern hemisphere conifers are only found in two forest types: 1. Tiaga
Why do trees have leaves?
Why do trees have leaves? Replies: Leaves are the trees' primary organs of photosynthesis. Photosynthesis is the process in which the energy of sunlight is collected and...
Lattice embeddings of trees
This note presents a linear algorithm that isometrically embeds a given tree T into an integer lattice of minimal dimension and allows one to compute the lattice coordinates of every single vertex of T in optimal time.
Wilfried Imrich; Matja Kov�e
Tree Frog Biology
Tree Frog Biology Name: toreyi Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: My mom transplanted a house cactus and found a frog buried in the soil. We do not want to throw it...
Saving Trees and Ozone
makemore.html but trees don't have any big direct impact on this, although oxygen produced by early algaephytoplankton probably initially helped create it millions of years ago....
Drawing phylogenetic trees
We present linear-time algorithms for drawing phylogenetic trees in radial and circular representations. In radial drawings given edge lengths (representing evolutionary distances) are preserved, but labels (names of taxons represented in the leaves) ...
Christian Bachmaier; Ulrik Brandes; Barbara Schlieper
Trees in the winter
Trees in the winter Trees in the winter Name: John H Hersey Age: N/A Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Why do some trees in the winter lose their leaves and some are able to keep their leaves? Replies: John, You can view the leaves on a tree as its food manufacturing factory. For some trees, especially those which live in areas which become cold in the winter, the 'factories' do their work during the normal growing season and are forced to 'shut-down' over the winter months. There are many evergreens which hold their foliage all year, simply dropping some of them periodically as they age and become less efficient to be replaced by new needles. Larches in the area where I live are conifers which lose their needles, which is quite rare. You can see that foliage on a tree presents a problem: water loss from a tree is greatest in its foliage. A tree has to 'decide' (and this has occurred over millennia by evolution) whether to hold its foliage or shed it. If it decides to hold the foliage, then it must provide a means of insuring conservation of water, especially in the winter months when dry cold winds remove water which is not easily replace due to liquid water in the environment being frozen. Many plant's adaptation has been the production of a waxy cuticle to 'seal-off' the leaf from the environment and reduce water loss. You can understand that in the northern latitude's winters, sunlight duration and intensity drops, and for some plants the best solution has involved shedding the leaves for the winter, and growing a new set of 'factories' in the spring.
Source Tree Composition
Dividing software systems in components improves software reusability as well as software maintainability. Components live at several levels, we concentrate on the implementation level where components are formed by source files, divided over directory structures. Such source code components are usually strongly coupled in the directory structure of a software system. Their compilation is usually controlled by a single global build process. This entangling of source trees and build processes often makes reuse of source code components in different software systems difficult. It also makes software systems inflexible because integration of additional source code components in source trees and build processes is difficult. This paper's subject is to increase software reuse by decreasing coupling of source code components. It is achieved by automized assembly of software systems from reusable source code components and involves integration of source trees, build processes, and configuration processes. Application domains include generative programming, product-line architectures, and commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) software engineering.
Merijn De Jonge
Tree transport system
Tree transport system Tree transport system Name: Paul K Harding Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: How can trees get that tall? How can the transport of water function that good? Normally one could think that trees can get only 10 m high because then the pressure of the air would be to weak to transport the water and a vacuum would occur. Or do trees use a system of one pump-system after another to solve that problem? Replies: Okay, the answer is two-fold. One, the column of water travelling up the trunk of the tree is only a couple of molecules wide, moving up from cell to cell. You can think of each cell as a "valve" if you will, holding the water and keeping it from flowing down the trunk (unless you WANT it to go that way, in the case of sugar laden water moving to storage areas in the roots) until it can be moved to the next cell up, and so on and so on. The second part involves diffusion. Cells can diffuse certain chemical compounds through their cell walls while simultaneously holding onto others. By having a gradient of increasing chemical concentration as you go up the trunk, you can cause a gradual diffusion of water up the trunk (since water travels relatively freely through the cell walls) and thereby creates and exception to the rule of 10 meters being the maximum height for a column of water -- you've effectively added energy to the system to "pump" water up the trunk.
Chain-Constrained spanning trees
We consider the problem of finding a spanning tree satisfying a family of additional constraints. Several settings have been considered previously, the most famous being the problem of finding a spanning tree with degree constraints. Since the problem ...
Neil Olver; Rico Zenklusen
Forecast Technical Document Tree Species
Forecast Technical Document Tree Species A document listing the tree species included in the 2011 Production Forecast Tom Jenkins Justin Gilbert Ewan Mackie Robert Matthews #12;PF2011 List of tree species The following is the list of species used within the Forecast System. Species are ordered alphabetically
Red-black Tree Jingjing Xia
Advanced Algorithm Design Red-black Tree Jingjing Xia #12;Red-Black Tree A red-black tree is a binary search tree, and each node contains one extra field: its color, it can be either black or red of the binary search tree. If a binary search tree satisfies all the following red-black properties, it is a red-black
Chen, Yangjun
Red-Black Trees Red-black trees are binary search trees that sat-
1 Red-Black Trees Red-black trees are binary search trees that sat- isfy: 1. Every node is either red or black. 2. If a node is red, then its parent is black. 3. For a given node, every path to a nil has the same number of black nodes, called black- height. A red-black tree with n nodes has h 2 lg
Bylander, Tom
Trees of the Bible
of the Bible of the Bible Nature Bulletin No. 676-A April 21, 1962 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation TREES OF THE BIBLE The King James Version of the Bible mentions seven flowers, seven vegetables, several spices, and thirty-seven differently named trees. Some -- such as cypress, shittah, ash, and teil -- appear only once. Others -- notably the palm, olive, fig, and cedar -- occur many times. This version was completed in 1611, long before botany became an exact science. Like several others, it was a translation by scholars who were not botanists, had never visited the Holy Land, did not realize that the native plants in that region were far different from plants in northern Europe, and made the mistake of identifying some of those mentioned in the Scriptures with familiar plants in England.
Population and conservation genomics of forest trees: seeing the forest for the trees
DB, Kremer A: Forest tree genomics: Growing resources andPopulation and conservation genomics of forest trees: seeingPopulation and conservation genomics of forest trees: seeing
Eckert, Andrew
Life in a Tree Hole
Tree Hole Tree Hole Nature Bulletin No. 581 November 21, 1959 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Daniel Ryan, President Roberts Mann, Conservation Editor David H Thompson, Senior Naturalist LIFE IN A TREE HOLE A forest is much more than just trees. It includes all of the underbrush, wildflowers and other vegetation that grow beneath these trees; as well as all of its animal life, both large and small. Sunshine, rain, wind, soil, and the leaf litter on the ground are part of it, too. A forest is a community -- a fabric in which the lives of its inhabitants are woven together and into their surroundings by a complex web of interrelations. Tree holes -- together with the birds, mammals and small life which they shelter -- furnish an important binding force in this forest community.
Schematisation of Tree Drawings
Abstract. Given a tree T spanning a set of points S in the plane, we study the problem of drawing T using only line segments aligned with a fixed set of directions C. The vertices in the drawing must lie within a given distance r of each original point p ? S, and an objective function counting the number of bends must be minimised. We propose five versions of this problem using different objective functions, and algorithms to solve them. This work has potential applications in geographic map schematisation and metro map layout. 1
Joachim Gudmundsson; Marc Van Kreveld; Damian Merrick
The 2-hop spanning tree problem
A spanning tree in a graph G where each node has distance at most 2 from a root node r is called a 2-hop spanning tree. For given edge weights the 2-hop spanning tree problem is to find a minimum weight 2-hop spanning tree. The problem is NP-hard. We ... Keywords: Hop-constrained spanning tree, Integer programming, Polyhedra
Geir Dahl
Red-Black Trees 1 2004 Goodrich, Tamassia Red-Black Trees
Red-Black Trees 1© 2004 Goodrich, Tamassia Red-Black Trees 6 3 8 4 v z #12;Red-Black Trees 2© 2004 Goodrich, Tamassia From (2,4) to Red-Black Trees A red-black tree is a representation of a (2,4) tree by means of a binary tree whose nodes are colored red or black In comparison with its associated (2,4) tree
Alechina, Natasha
Genetic conservation of native trees
Genetic conservation of native trees Scott McG. Wilson1 and C. J. A. Samuel Over recent years, the genetic conservation of British native tree populations has become an increasingly important part policy-makers in the genetic basis of forest biodiversity conservation, both at the UK and, more
Hydrocarbons from plants and trees
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The way energy was used in the US in 1980 was examined. A diagram shows the development of energy from its source to its end use. The following are described: the carbon dioxide problem - the greenhouse effect, sugar cane as an energy source, hydrocarbon-producing plants and trees, and isoprenoids from plants and trees. (MHR)
Calvin, M.
Minimising decision tree size as combinatorial optimisation
Decision tree induction techniques attempt to find small trees that fit a training set of data. This preference for smaller trees, which provides a learning bias, is often justified as being consistent with the principle of Occam's Razor. Informally, ...
Christian Bessiere; Emmanuel Hebrard; Barry O'Sullivan
Persimmon Tree Capital | Open Energy Information
Tree Capital Jump to: navigation, search Name Persimmon Tree Capital Place Washington, DC Zip 20037 Sector Renewable Energy Product Persimmon is a private equity fund...
Big Tree Climate Fund | Open Energy Information
"Big Tree Climate Fund" Retrieved from "http:en.openei.orgwindex.php?titleBigTreeClimateFund&oldid342728" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies...
Tree leaves in the winter
Tree leaves in the winter Tree leaves in the winter Name: ethel Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: N/A Question: Why do leaves fall off of some trees in the winter? Replies: An interesting question, Ethel. Biologists generally try to explain behavior in terms of a response or adaptation to an environmental challenge. The challenge in this example is thought to be snowfall. The idea is that a massive accumulation of snow in a large tree canopy would lead to mechanical damage or breakage of tree limbs or the trunk. Most deciduous trees (those that lose leaves in fall) have broad flat leaves that catch snow quite well. The advantage of this type of leaf is that they also catch the sunlight well in the summer growing season, allowing efficient photosynthesis to support rapid summer growth. The leaves are not needed in the winter because cold temperatures inhibit the enzymes of photosynthesis and prevent significant growth. Another interesting question is how evergreen trees have adapted to similar environmental challenges using a different strategy. Ask me a about it if you are interested.
Fault Tree Analysis - A Bibliography
Fault tree analysis is a top-down approach to the identification of process hazards. It is touted as one of the best methods for systematically identifying and graphically displaying the many ways something can go wrong. This bibliography references ...
Program NASA Scientific and Technical Information
Infinite towers of tree lattices
Let X be alocally finite tree and let G = Aut(X). Then G is naturally a locally compact group ([BL], Ch. 3). A discrete subgroup ? ? G is called an X-lattice if (1) Vol(?\\\\X): = ?
Lisa Carbone; Gabriel Rosenberg
Why Sequence the Eukalyptus Tree
the Eucalyptus Tree? the Eucalyptus Tree? The fast-growing, 13-year-old Eucalyptus grandis tree to be sequenced, BRASUZ1. Photo courtesy Dario Grattapaglia, Embrapa. A major challenge for the achievement of a sustainable energy future is our understanding of the molecular basis of superior growth and adaptation in woody plants suitable for biomass production. Eucalyptus species are among the fastest growing woody plants in the world, with mean annual increments up to 100 cubic meter per hectare. Eucalyptus is the most valuable and most widely planted genus of plantation forest trees in the world (ca. 18 million hectares) due to its wide adaptability, extremely fast growth rate, good form, and excellent wood and fiber properties. Eucalyptus is also listed as one of the U.S. Department of Energy's candidate biomass energy
Inferring Species Trees Directly from Biallelic Genetic Markers: Bypassing Gene Trees in a Full Coalescent Analysis
Inferring Species Trees Directly from Biallelic Genetic Markers: Bypassing Gene Trees in a Full the likelihood of a species tree directly from the markers under a finite-sites model of mutation effectively in an algorithm that allows us to bypass the gene trees and compute species tree likelihoods directly from
Rosenberg, Noah
Parallel TreeSPH
We describe PTreeSPH, a gravity treecode combined with an SPH hydrodynamics code designed for massively parallel supercomputers having distributed memory. Our computational algorithm is based on the popular TreeSPH code of Hernquist & Katz (1989). PTreeSPH utilizes a domain decomposition procedure and a synchronous hypercube communication paradigm to build self-contained subvolumes of the simulation on each processor at every timestep. Computations then proceed in a manner analogous to a serial code. We use the Message Passing Interface (MPI) communications package, making our code easily portable to a variety of parallel systems. PTreeSPH uses individual smoothing lengths and timesteps, with a communication algorithm designed to minimize exchange of information while still providing all information required to accurately perform SPH computations. We have additionally incorporated cosmology, periodic boundary conditions with forces calculated using a quadrupole Ewald summation method, and radiative cooling and heating from a parameterized ionizing background following Katz, Weinberg & Hernquist (1996). The addition of other physical processes, such as star formation, is straightforward. A cosmological simulation from z=49 to z=2 with 64^3 gas particles and 64^3 dark matter particles requires ~6000 node-hours on a Cray T3D, with a communications overhead of ~10% and is load balanced to a ~90% level. When used on the new Cray T3E, this code will be capable of performing cosmological hydrodynamical simulations down to z=0 with ~2x10^6 particles, or to z=2 with ~10^7 particles, in a reasonable amount of time. Even larger simulations will be practical in situations where the matter is not highly clustered or when periodic boundaries are not required.
Romeel Dave'; John Dubinski; Lars Hernquist
Red-black Trees To know what a red-black tree is (10.1).
809 CHAPTER 10 Red-black Trees Objectives · To know what a red-black tree is (§10.1). · To convert a red-black tree to a 2-4 tree and vice versa (§10.2). · To design the RBTree class that extends the BinaryTree class (§10.3). · To insert an element in a red-black tree and resolve the double red problem
Liang, Y. Daniel
Trees Water People | Open Energy Information
Trees Water People Trees Water People Jump to: navigation, search Name Trees, Water & People Place Fort Collins, Colorado Zip 80524 Sector Renewable Energy Product Trees, Water & People develops and manages, on a not-for-profit basis, continuing reforestation, watershed protection, renewable energy, appropriate technology, and environmental education programs in Latin America and the American West. References Trees, Water & People[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Trees, Water & People is a company located in Fort Collins, Colorado . References ↑ "Trees, Water & People" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Trees_Water_People&oldid=352382
Expanders via random spanning trees
Motivated by the problem of routing reliably and scalably in a graph, we introduce the notion of a splicer, the union of spanning trees of a graph. We prove that for any bounded-degree n-vertex graph, the union of two random spanning ...
Navin Goyal; Luis Rademacher; Santosh Vempala
Diameter-constrained steiner tree
Given an edge-weighted undirected graph G = (V, E, c, w), where each edge e ? E has a cost c(e) and a weight w(e), a set S ? V of terminals and a positive constant D0, ... Keywords: diameter-constrained steiner tree, fixed topology, fully polynomial time approximation scheme
Wei Ding; Guohui Lin; Guoliang Xue
Rate Determination for Tropical Trees, Harvard Forest, Petersham, MA, 13 April, 1980. Yale University
Coley, Phyllis
Abstraction and analysis of clinical guidance trees
Objectives: The aims of this work were: to define an abstract notation for interactive decision trees; to formally analyse exploration errors in such trees through automated translation to Lotos (language of temporal ordering specification); to generate ... Keywords: CGT, Decision tree, Formal method, Healthcare, Lotos
Kenneth J. Turner
Decision trees with AND, OR queries
We investigate decision trees in which one is allowed to query threshold functions of subsets of variables. We are mainly interested in the case where only queries of AND and OR are allowed. This model is a generalization of the classical decision tree ... Keywords: AND, OR queries, Boolean functions, CRCW PRAM machines, Ethernet channel, complexity, computational complexity, copy computation, decision theory, decision trees, depth-three circuits, determinism, direct sum problem, nondeterminism, parallel time, query threshold functions, random processes, randomization, required decision tree depth, size complexity, threshold-k function, tight lower bound, trees (mathematics), variable subsets
Y. Ben-Asher; I. Newman
Plane Tree Capital LLP | Open Energy Information
Plane Tree Capital LLP Plane Tree Capital LLP Jump to: navigation, search Name Plane Tree Capital LLP Place London, United Kingdom Zip W1J 8DY Sector Carbon Product London-based investment management firm established in to provide investors with well managed exposure to the clean energy and carbon sectors. References Plane Tree Capital LLP[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Plane Tree Capital LLP is a company located in London, United Kingdom . References ↑ "Plane Tree Capital LLP" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Plane_Tree_Capital_LLP&oldid=349778" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations Companies Organizations Stubs What links here
Birch Tree Capital | Open Energy Information
Tree Capital Tree Capital Jump to: navigation, search Name Birch Tree Capital Place Framingham, Massachusetts Zip 1701 Sector Renewable Energy Product Financial advisory service with a project finance focus that has investor as well a project developer clients. Specialise in renewable power projects generating Federal tax credits and on-site cogeneration projects. References Birch Tree Capital[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Birch Tree Capital is a company located in Framingham, Massachusetts . References ↑ "Birch Tree Capital" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Birch_Tree_Capital&oldid=342882" Categories: Clean Energy Organizations
Rotor walks on general trees
The rotor walk on a graph is a deterministic analogue of random walk. Each vertex is equipped with a rotor, which routes the walker to the neighbouring vertices in a fixed cyclic order on successive visits. We consider rotor walk on an infinite rooted tree, restarted from the root after each escape to infinity. We prove that the limiting proportion of escapes to infinity equals the escape probability for random walk, provided only finitely many rotors send the walker initially towards the root. For i.i.d. random initial rotor directions on a regular tree, the limiting proportion of escapes is either zero or the random walk escape probability, and undergoes a discontinuous phase transition between the two as the distribution is varied. In the critical case there are no escapes, but the walker's maximum distance from the root grows doubly exponentially with the number of visits to the root. We also prove that there exist trees of bounded degree for which the proportion of escapes eventually exceeds the escape p...
Angel, Omer
CUFR Tree Carbon Calculator | Open Energy Information
CUFR Tree Carbon Calculator CUFR Tree Carbon Calculator Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: CUFR Tree Carbon Calculator Agency/Company /Organization: United States Forest Service Sector: Climate, Land Focus Area: Forestry Phase: Determine Baseline, Evaluate Options Topics: GHG inventory, Resource assessment Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Desktop Application Website: www.fs.fed.us/ccrc/topics/urban-forests/ctcc/ Cost: Free Language: English References: CUFR Tree Carbon Calculator[1] Overview "The CUFR Tree Carbon Calculator is the only tool approved by the Climate Action Reserve's Urban Forest Project Protocol for quantifying carbon dioxide sequestration from GHG tree planting projects. The CTCC is programmed in an Excel spreadsheet and provides carbon-related information
Fault Tree Based Diagnostics Using Fuzzy Logic
Fuzzy set theory is investigated as a tool for the diagnostics of systems described by means of a fault tree. The objective is to diagnose component failures from the observation of fuzzy symptoms using the information contained in a fault tree. A two-step ... Keywords: causal reasoning, component failures, failure analysis, failure modes, fault tree based diagnostics, fuzzy logic, fuzzy symptoms, minimal cut-sets, triggered gates, two-step procedure
P. Gmytrasiewicz; J. A. Hassberger; J. C. Lee
Method of altering lignin in trees
Methods of providing and breeding trees having more easily extractable lignin due to the presence of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (Cad) null gene are presented.
MacKay, John (Raleigh, NC); O' Malley, David (Cary, NC); Whetten, Ross (Raleigh, NC); Sederoff, Ronald (Raleigh, NC)
Reactor Tree of Argonne National Laboratory
Argonne Reactors > The Argonne Reactor Tree About Director's Welcome Organization Achievements Highlights Fact Sheets, Brochures & Other Documents Multimedia Library Visit Argonne...
Methods of providing and breeding trees having more easily extractable lignin due to the presence of a cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (Cad) null gene are presented. 16 figs.
MacKay, J.; O`Malley, D.; Whetten, R.; Sederoff, R.
Fast Tree: Computing Large Minimum-Evolution Trees with Profiles instead of a Distance Matrix
Gene families are growing rapidly, but standard methods for inferring phylogenies do not scale to alignments with over 10,000 sequences. We present FastTree, a method for constructing large phylogenies and for estimating their reliability. Instead of storing a distance matrix, FastTree stores sequence profiles of internal nodes in the tree. FastTree uses these profiles to implement neighbor-joining and uses heuristics to quickly identify candidate joins. FastTree then uses nearest-neighbor interchanges to reduce the length of the tree. For an alignment with N sequences, L sites, and a different characters, a distance matrix requires O(N^2) space and O(N^2 L) time, but FastTree requires just O( NLa + N sqrt(N) ) memory and O( N sqrt(N) log(N) L a ) time. To estimate the tree's reliability, FastTree uses local bootstrapping, which gives another 100-fold speedup over a distance matrix. For example, FastTree computed a tree and support values for 158,022 distinct 16S ribosomal RNAs in 17 hours and 2.4 gigabytes of memory. Just computing pairwise Jukes-Cantor distances and storing them, without inferring a tree or bootstrapping, would require 17 hours and 50 gigabytes of memory. In simulations, FastTree was slightly more accurate than neighbor joining, BIONJ, or FastME; on genuine alignments, FastTree's topologies had higher likelihoods. FastTree is available at http://microbesonline.org/fasttree.
N. Price, Morgan; S. Dehal, Paramvir; P. Arkin, Adam
Tree-width in Algebraic Complexity
The paper surveys some of the author's work studying the algorithmic importance of the tree-width notion in algebraic frameworks. Two approaches are described. The first gives an algorithmicmeta-theoremfor certain logically characterized propertieswithin ... Keywords: Dedicated to Johann A. Makowsky on the occasion of his 60th birthday, Descriptive Complexity, Real Number Computations, Tree-width, Valiant's Model
Klaus Meer
A Contour Method on Cayley tree
We consider a finite range lattice models on Cayley tree with two basic properties: the existence of only a finite number of ground states and with Peierls type condition. We define notion of a contour for the model on the Cayley tree. By a contour argument we show the existence of $s$ different (where $s$ is the number of ground states) Gibbs measures.
U. A. Rozikov
Foundations of attack-defense trees
We introduce and give formal definitions of attack-defense trees. We argue that these trees are a simple, yet powerful tool to analyze complex security and privacy problems. Our formalization is generic in the sense that it supports different semantical ...
Barbara Kordy; Sjouke Mauw; Sa�a Radomirovi?; Patrick Schweitzer
Representing parameterised fault trees using Bayesian networks
Fault trees are used to model how failures lead to hazards and so to estimate the frequencies of the identified hazards of a system. Large systems, such as a rail network, do not give rise to endless different hazards. Rather, similar hazards arise repeatedly ... Keywords: Bayesian network, fault tree, risk analysis
William Marsh; George Bearfield
Exploiting graph properties of game trees
The state space of most adversary games is a directed graph. However, due to the success of simple recursive algorithms based on Alpha-Beta, theoreticians and practitioners have concentrated on the traversal of trees, giving the field the name "game-tree ... Keywords: game playing, search
Aske Plaat; Jonathan Schaeffer; Wim Pijls; Arie de Bruin
Tree-structure Based Ontology Integration
This paper defines a framework for ontology integration - Tree-structure Based Ontology Integration (TSBOI). Unlike other methodologies in the area, which mainly concentrate on attribute comparison, this methodology is designed to map objects of an ontology ... Keywords: integration, ontology, tree structure
Jie Xie; Fei Liu; Sheng-Uei Guan
Bidirectional Search in a String with Wavelet Trees Thomas Schnattinger
Bidirectional Search in a String with Wavelet Trees #12;Wavelet Tree of T = BWT(S) = nle_pl$nnlleee_eaae T[1 Bidirectional Search in a String with Wavelet Trees #12;Wavelet Tree of T = BWT(S) = nle_pl$nnlleee_eaae T[1 Bidirectional Search in a String with Wavelet Trees #12;Wavelet Tree of T = BWT(S) = nle_pl$nnlleee_eaae T[1
Lonardi, Stefano
Fermilab Friends for Science Education | Tree of Knowledge
at the Lederman Science Center is the lovely bronze sculptured tree adorned with brass leaves. The Tree of Knowledge is an opportunity for contributors to perpetuate their...
Knowledge and Tree-Edits in Learnable Entailment Proofs
... parse trees that were constructed for t's sentences, and let h be the depen- dency parse tree constructed for h. The system iter- atively extends T ...
Dealing with Storm-Damaged Trees
Many homeowners need help caring for or removing damaged trees after a natural disaster. This publication explains what a certified arborist is and how to select one. It also cautions against burning debris downed by a storm.
Kirk, Melanie; Taylor, Eric; Foster, C. Darwin
Dealing with Storm-Damaged Trees (Spanish)
Minimal Spanning Trees with Conflict Graphs
(i.e. edges of G which can be combined with every other edge in the minimum spanning tree solution). MSTCG ..... cycle [Sch03]. More formally, I1 is the set of all�...
Pine Tree Development Zones Program (Maine)
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
The Pine Tree Development Zones program offers eligible businesses the chance to reduce, and sometimes eliminate, state taxes for up to ten years. There is a statutory requirement of hiring a...
Joshua Tree and Mojave Go Solar
Until late 1998, Joshua Tree National Park and Until late 1998, Joshua Tree National Park and Mojave National Preserve in southern California used diesel generators to produce electricity in remote areas. Like many park energy systems, the diesel generators at Joshua Tree's Cottonwood Campground also produced potentially harmful emissions: 120 tons of carbon dioxide, 5,770 pounds of nitrous oxides, 286 pounds of sulfur dioxide, and 218 pounds of suspended particulates every year. Today, Joshua Tree has cut those emissions dramati- cally while reducing annual operating costs by an impressive 90%, thanks to a new photovoltaic (PV) system that harnesses the sun's energy to produce clean electric power. Mojave has also had good results. And both parks continue to provide high- quality experiences for visitors while preserving
Computing the Edit-Distance between Unrooted Ordered Trees
An ordered tree is a tree in which each node's incident edges are cyclically ordered; think of the tree as being embedded in the plane. Let A and B be two ordered trees. The edit distance between A and B is the minimum cost ...
Philip N. Klein
Alternating two-way AC-tree automata
We explore the notion of alternating two-way tree automata modulo the theory of finitely many associative-commutative (AC) symbols. This was prompted by questions arising in cryptographic protocol verification, in particular in modeling group key agreement ... Keywords: Alternating tree automata, Associative-commutative, Branching vector addition systems with states, Cryptographic protocols, Resolution, Tree automata, Two-way tree automata
Kumar Neeraj Verma; Jean Goubault-Larrecq
Quantification of Priority-OR gates in temporal fault trees
Fault Tree Analysis has been used in reliability engineering for many decades and has seen various modifications to enable it to analyse fault trees with dynamic and temporal gates so it can incorporate sequential failure in its analysis. Pandora is ... Keywords: Markov chains, Monte Carlo, Pandora, dynamic fault trees, fault trees, safety
Ernest Edifor; Martin Walker; Neil Gordon
Parallel object-oriented decision tree system
A data mining decision tree system that uncovers patterns, associations, anomalies, and other statistically significant structures in data by reading and displaying data files, extracting relevant features for each of the objects, and using a method of recognizing patterns among the objects based upon object features through a decision tree that reads the data, sorts the data if necessary, determines the best manner to split the data into subsets according to some criterion, and splits the data.
Kamath; Chandrika (Dublin, CA), Cantu-Paz; Erick (Oakland, CA)
Categorical Exclusion for Emergency Danger Tree
Danger Tree Danger Tree Removal along the Pinnacle Peak - Prescott 230-kV Transmission line between structures 216/4 & 216/5 & the adjacent Pinnacle Peak Substation, Maricopa County, Arizona. RECORD OF CATEGORICAL EXCLUSION DETERMINATION A. Proposed Action: Western proposes to cut down or trim vegetation that impacts worker safety and the reliable transmission of electricity on the existing Pinnacle Peak to Prescott 230-kV transmission line between Structures 216/4 and 216/5 in Maricopa County, Arizona. This emergency work must be completed before the line is energerized on March 21, 2010. Portions of several palo verde trees and one-to-three saguaros are less than 23 feet from the conductor, which is the minimum safe-distance for a 230-kV transmission
TreeQ-VISTA: An Interactive Tree Visualization Tool withFunctional Annotation Query Capabilities
Summary: We describe a general multiplatform exploratorytool called TreeQ-Vista, designed for presenting functional annotationsin a phylogenetic context. Traits, such as phenotypic and genomicproperties, are interactively queried from a relational database with auser-friendly interface which provides a set of tools for users with orwithout SQL knowledge. The query results are projected onto aphylogenetic tree and can be displayed in multiple color groups. A richset of browsing, grouping and query tools are provided to facilitatetrait exploration, comparison and analysis.Availability: The program,detailed tutorial and examples are available online athttp://genome-test.lbl.gov/vista/TreeQVista.
Gu, Shengyin; Anderson, Iain; Kunin, Victor; Cipriano, Michael; Minovitsky, Simon; Weber, Gunther; Amenta, Nina; Hamann, Bernd; Dubchak,Inna
Simple reconstruction of binary near-perfect phylogenetic trees
We consider the problem of reconstructing near-perfect phylogenetic trees using binary character states (referred to as BNPP). A perfect phylogeny assumes that every character mutates at most once in the evolutionary tree, yielding an algorithm for binary ...
Srinath Sridhar; Kedar Dhamdhere; Guy E. Blelloch; Eran Halperin; R. Ravi; Russell Schwartz
Researchers Map Where Tree Species Survive and Thrive under Climate...
Researchers Map Where Tree Species Survive and Thrive under Climate Change A topology map shows the range of tree productivity from low to high biomass production (blue to red,...
Decision tree module within decision support simulation system
Decision trees are one of the most easy to use tools in decision analysis. Problems where decision tree branches are based on random variables have not received much attention. This paper introduces a successful application of a Special Purpose Simulation ...
Mohamed Moussa; Janaka Y. Ruwanpura; George Jergeas
Recruitment limitation, seedling performance and persistence of exotic tree monocultures
August 2004; accepted in revised form 18 January 2005 Key words: Celtis laevigata, Chinese Tallow Tree be successional stages or persistent community types. We surveyed a stand of Sapium sebiferum (Chinese Tallow Tree
Siemann, Evan
Bent Tree Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Bent Tree Wind Farm Bent Tree Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Bent Tree Wind Farm Facility Bent Tree Wind Farm Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Wisconsin Power and Light Co. Developer Wisconsin Power and Light Co. Location 4 miles North of Albert Lea MN Coordinates 43.78544°, -93.452282° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.78544,"lon":-93.452282,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Pine Tree Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Pine Tree Wind Farm Pine Tree Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Pine Tree Wind Farm Facility Pine Tree Wind Farm Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Developer Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Energy Purchaser Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Location North of Mojave CA Coordinates 35.07665°, -118.25529° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":35.07665,"lon":-118.25529,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Using decision trees to recognize visual events
This paper presents a classifier-based approach to recognize events in video surveillance sequences. The aim of this work is to propose a generic event recognition system that can be used without relying on a long-term tracking procedure. It is composed ... Keywords: activity recognition, automated visual surveillance system, randomized decision trees
Cedric Simon; Jerome Meessen; Christophe De Vleeschouwer
KDD on IVR Navigation Trees: Case Study
This article presents a case study about data mining applied in IVR's navigation trees. Using data from a Call Center, the main objective is to discover patterns with information about the phone calls. Using a specific part from this information, it ... Keywords: application algorithm, kdd, ura
Thiago T. Ang�lico; Thais Santos Bueno; Silvio Bortoleto; Anderson Ravanello
Shuffle of Words and Araucaria Trees
The shuffle of k words $u_1$,…,$u_k$ is the set of words obtained by interleaving the letters of these words such that the order of appearance of all letters of each word is respected. The study of the shuffle product of words leads to the construction ... Keywords: Automaton, remarkable polynomials, shuffle of words, trees
Ren� Schott; Jean-Claude Spehner
Serial model for attack tree computations
In this paper we extend the standard attack tree model by introducing temporal order to the attacker's decision making process. This will allow us to model the attacker's behaviour more accurately, since this way it is possible to study his actions related ...
Aivo J�rgenson; Jan Willemson
Exploiting succinct constraints using FP-trees
Since its introduction, frequent-set mining has been generalized to many forms, which include constrained data mining. The use of constraints permits user focus and guidance, enables user exploration and control, and leads to effective pruning ... Keywords: FP-trees, constraints, data mining, frequent sets, succinctness
Carson Kai-Sang Leung; Laks V. S. Lakshmanan; Raymond T. Ng
Network regression with predictive clustering trees
Network data describe entities represented by nodes, which may be connected with (related to) each other by edges. Many network datasets are characterized by a form of autocorrelation, where the value of a variable at a given node depends on the values ... Keywords: Autocorrelation, Network data, Predictive clustering trees, Regression inference
Daniela Stojanova; Michelangelo Ceci; Annalisa Appice; Sa�o D�Eroski
Natural Language Specification of Performance Trees
The accessible specification of performance queries is a key challenge in performance analysis. To this end, we seek to combine the intuitive aspects of natural language query specification with the expressive power and flexibility of the Performance ... Keywords: Natural language, Performance Trees, Performance analysis, Performance requirements specification
Lei Wang; Nicholas J. Dingle; William J. Knottenbelt
Grammatical evolution decision trees for trio designs
The detection of gene-gene and gene-interactions in genetic association studies is an important challenge in human genetics. The detection of such interactive models presents a difficult computational and statistical challenge, especially as advances ... Keywords: decision trees, gene-gene interactions, grammatical evolution, human genetics, trio designs
Amanda English; Holly Petruso; Chong Wang
Improving tree survival prediction with forecast combination and disaggregation
Improving tree survival prediction with forecast combination and disaggregation Xiongqing Zhang was successful in improving tree survival prediction. This method was used in this study to forecast tree the forecast combination method. Our results show that the disaggregation approach improved the performance
Cao, Quang V.
Subtyping algorithm of regular tree grammars with disjoint production rules
Most type systems of statically typed XML processing languages are implemented based on regular expression types, where subtyping reduces to checking inclusion between tree automata, which is not efficient enough. The paper proposes the regular tree ... Keywords: XML, algorithm, subtyping, tree grammar
Lei Chen; Haiming Chen
A co-evolving decision tree classification method
Decision tree classification provides a rapid and effective method of categorising datasets. Many algorithmic methods exist for optimising decision tree structure, although these can be vulnerable to changes in the training dataset. An evolutionary method ... Keywords: Classification, Data mining, Decision tree, Evolutionary computation, Simulated annealing
M. J. Aitkenhead
Reconstructing phylogenetic trees of prokaryote genomes by randomly sampling oligopeptides
In this paper, we propose a method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees of a given set of prokaryote organisms by randomly sampling relatively small oligopeptides of a fixed length from their complete proteomes. For each of the organisms, a vector of ... Keywords: bioinformatics, evolution, microbial organisms, oligopeptide frequency, phylogenetic tree reconstruction, phylogenetic trees, prokaryote genomes, random sampling
Osamu Maruyama; Akiko Matsuda; Satoru Kuhara
OBB-Tree: A Hierarchical Structure for Rapid Interference Detection
algorithms for efficient con- struction of tight-fitting OBB-Tree'sand overlap detection between two OBB of models using tight-fitting oriented bounding box trees. At runtime, the algorithm traverses the tree contributions are: 1. New efficient algorithms for hierarchical representation of large models using tight
North Carolina at Chapel Hill, University of
New method for abbreviating the fault tree graphical representation
Fault tree analysis is being widely used for reliability and safety analysis of systems encountered in the nuclear industry and elsewhere. A disadvantage of the fault tree method is the voluminous fault tree graphical representation that conventionally results from analysis of a complex system. Previous methods for shortening the fault tree graphical representation include (1) transfers within the fault tree, and (2) the use of the SAMPLE (K out of N logic) gate, the MATRIX gate, and the SUMMATION gate. The purpose of this presentation is to introduce TABULATION gates as a method to abbreviate the fault tree graphical representation. These new gates reduce the cost of analysis and generally increase the system behavior visibility that is inherent in the fault tree technique. (auth)
Stewart, M.E.; Fussell, J.B.; Crump, R.J.
Abstract. An infinite dimensional notion of asymptotic structure is considered. This notion is developed in terms of trees and branches on Banach spaces. Every countably infinite countably branching tree T of a certain type on a space X is presumed to have a branch with some property. It is shown that then X can be embedded into a space with an FDD (Ei) so that all normalized sequences in X which are almost a skipped blocking of (Ei) have that property. As an application of our work we prove that if X is a separable reflexive Banach space and for some 1 0, there exists a finite codimensional subspace of X which C 2 + ? embeds into the ?p sum of finite dimensional spaces. 1.
E. Odell; Th. Schlumprecht
Approximating stochastic volatility by recombinant trees
A general method to construct recombinant tree approximations for stochastic volatility models is developed and applied to the Heston model for stock price dynamics. In this application, the resulting approximation is a four tuple Markov process. The ?first two components are related to the stock and volatility processes and take values in a two dimensional Binomial tree. The other two components of the Markov process are the increments of random walks with simple values in {-1; +1}. The resulting effi?cient option pricing equations are numerically implemented for general American and European options including the standard put and calls, barrier, lookback and Asian type pay-o?ffs. The weak and extended weak convergence are also proved.
Akyildirim, Erdinc; Soner, H Mete
Template:LEDSProcessTree | Open Energy Information
LEDSProcessTree LEDSProcessTree Jump to: navigation, search This template generates a list of all steps within the given stage of the LEDS Process and provides easy navigation links to traverse from step to step. Edit this template to add, remove or reorder the steps for each stage in the process. Dependencies: jQuery 1.4.2 or higher. LEDSNavHelper Widget - Included automatically, this widget will render 'Previous' and 'Next' buttons to help traverse the steps defined in each stage. The buttons will only be rendered if the Template is included, the current page is one of the steps listed in the provided stage of the template, and a valid step exists either before (Previous) or after (Next) the current page within the list of steps. Parameters include: stage - the stage of the process to display
Finding cycles and trees in sublinear time.
We present sublinear-time (randomized) algorithms for finding simple cycles of length at least k {ge} 3 and tree-minors in bounded-degree graphs. The complexity of these algorithms is related to the distance of the graph from being C{sub k}-minor-free (resp., free from having the corresponding tree-minor). In particular, if the graph is far (i.e., {Omega}(1)-far) from being cycle-free, i.e. if one has to delete a constant fraction of edges to make it cycle-free, then the algorithm finds a cycle of polylogarithmic length in time {tilde O}({radical}N), where N denotes the number of vertices. This time complexity is optimal up to polylogarithmic factors. The foregoing results are the outcome of our study of the complexity of one-sided error property testing algorithms in the bounded-degree graphs model. For example, we show that cycle-freeness of N-vertex graphs can be tested with one-sided error within time complexity {tilde O}(poly(1/{epsilon}) {center_dot} {radical}N). This matches the known {Omega}({radical}N) query lower bound, and contrasts with the fact that any minor-free property admits a two-sided error tester of query complexity that only depends on the proximity parameter {epsilon}. For any constant k {ge} 3, we extend this result to testing whether the input graph has a simple cycle of length at least k. On the other hand, for any fixed tree T, we show that T -minor-freeness has a one-sided error tester of query complexity that only depends on the proximity parameter {epsilon}. Our algorithm for finding cycles in bounded-degree graphs extends to general graphs, where distances are measured with respect to the actual number of edges. Such an extension is not possible with respect to finding tree-minors in o({radical}N) complexity.
Czumaj, Artur; Goldreich, Oded; Seshadhri, Comandur; Sohler, Christian; Shapira, Asaf; Ron, Dana
Computer Aided Fault Tree Analysis System (CAFTA), Version 6.0 Demo
CAFTA is a computer software program used for developing reliability models of large complex systems, using fault tree and event tree methodology.DescriptionCAFTA is designed to meet the many needs of reliability analysts while performing fault tree/event tree analysis on a system or group of systems.� It includes:Fault Tree Editor for building, updating and printing fault tree modelsEvent Tree Editor for building, ...
Post-pruning in regression tree induction: An integrated approach
The regression tree (RT) induction process has two major phases: the growth phase and the pruning phase. The pruning phase aims to generalize the RT that was generated in the growth phase by generating a subtree that avoids over-fitting to the training ... Keywords: Analytic hierarchy process, Data mining, Decision tree, Mixed integer programming, Multi-objective programming, Performance measures, Post-pruning, Regression tree
Kweku-Muata Osei-Bryson
Climate - Mapping where trees survive, thrive | ornl.gov
fires and infestations that threaten trees. Researchers at the Climate Change Science Institute at Oak Ridge National Laboratory and collaborators on a Forest Service-funded...
Wood-boring Insects of Trees and Shrubs
This publication explains how to identify and control wood-boring insects that invade shrubs and shade trees in Texas. 12 pages, 9 figures, 6 photographs, 1 table
Drees, Bastiaan M.; Jackman, John A.; Merchant, Michael E.
Variable Selection and Sensitivity Analysis via Dynamic Trees...
trees, this approach allows for dynamic (sequential) variable selection with fully Bayesian evidence and sensitivity indices not previously enjoyed. Compared with GPs, it...
Severe accident analysis using dynamic accident progression event trees.
??In present, the development and analysis of Accident Progression Event Trees (APETs) are performed in a manner that is computationally time consuming, difficult to reproduce� (more)
Hakobyan, Aram P
Winter Bird Use of the Chinese Tallow Tree in Louisiana.
??Chinese tallow (Triadica sebifera) is a non-native invasive tree that is of particular concern in the Southeastern United States. It has become naturalized in a� (more)
Baldwin, Michael John
NNSA Celebrates Earth Week: Pantex employees plant trees as part...
for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > NNSA Blog > NNSA Celebrates Earth Week: Pantex employees plant ... NNSA Celebrates Earth Week: Pantex employees plant trees as...
Ant colony decision trees: a new method for constructing decision trees based on ant colony optimization
In this paper, we would like to propose a new method for constructing decision trees based on Ant Colony Optimization (ACO). The ACO is a metaheuristic inspired by the behavior of real ants, where they search for optimal solutions by considering both ...
Urszula Boryczka; Jan Kozak
Note: Finding a tree structure in a resolution proof is NP-complete
The resolution tree problem consists of deciding whether a given sequence-like resolution refutation admits a tree structure. This paper shows the NP-completeness of both the resolution tree problem and a natural generalization of the resolution tree ... Keywords: NP-completeness, Resolution, Tree-like resolution
Jan Hoffmann
CUDA accelerated fault tree analysis with C-XSC
Fault tree analysis is a widespread mathematical method for determining the failure probability of observed real-life systems. In addition to failure probability defined by wear, the system model has to take into account intrinsic and extrinsic system ... Keywords: C-XSC, CUDA, DSI, fault tree analysis
Gabor Rebner; Michael Beer
Design of trees in the hose model: The balanced case
In the hose model we are given upper bounds b"u^-/b"u^+ on the amount of traffic entering/leaving a node. We show that when @?"u"@?"Vb"u^+=@?"v"@?"Vb"u^-, designing a minimum cost tree network is easy and the cost of an optimal tree reservation is within ... Keywords: Approximation algorithms, Hose model, Network design
Giuseppe Italiano; Stefano Leonardi; Gianpaolo Oriolo
Approximating the traffic grooming problem in tree and star networks
We consider the problem of grooming paths in all-optical networks with tree topology so as to minimize the switching cost, measured by the total number of used ADMs. We first present efficient approximation algorithms with approximation factor of 2 ln ... Keywords: add-drop multiplexer (ADM), optical networks, traffic grooming, tree networks, wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
Michele Flammini; Gianpiero Monaco; Luca Moscardelli; Mordechai Shalom; Shmuel Zaks
Nested rollout policy adaptation for Monte Carlo tree search
Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS) methods have had recent success in games, planning, and optimization. MCTS uses results from rollouts to guide search; a rollout is a path that descends the tree with a randomized decision at each ply until reaching a leaf. ...
Christopher D. Rosin
Tree image growth analysis using instantaneous phase modulation
We propose the use of Amplitude-Modulation Frequency-Modulation (AM-FM) methods for tree growth analysis. Tree growth is modeled using phase modulation. For adapting AM-FM methods to different images, we introduce the use of fast filterbank filter coefficient ...
Janakiramanan Ramachandran; Marios S. Pattichis; Louis A. Scuderi; Justin S. Baba
A heuristic method for obstacle avoiding group Steiner tree construction
Very large scale integration (VLSI) global routing is typically performed on a rectangular die space amidst multiple IP cores and gates, typically treated as obstacles during net routing. In this paper, we address the global routing problem ... Keywords: VLSI routing, algorithm, group Steiner tree, obstacle avoiding rectilinear steiner tree
Tuhina Samanta; Raka Sardar; Hafizur Rahaman; Parthasarathi Dasgupta; Bhargab B. Bhattacharya
Optimized query routing trees for wireless sensor networks
In order to process continuous queries over Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), sensors are typically organized in a Query Routing Tree (denoted as T) that provides each sensor with a path over which query results can be transmitted to the querying node. ... Keywords: Critical path method, Query routing trees, Sensor networks
Panayiotis Andreou; Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti; Andreas Pamboris; Panos K. Chrysanthis; George Samaras
Nutritive Value of Tree Leaves m the Kansas Flint Hills
w . 11 `c7 Nutritive Value of Tree Leaves m the Kansas Flint Hills JR. FORWOOD AND C.E. OWENSBY Flint Hills, the tons of tree leaves that fall to the ground each autumn are largely ignored MANAGEMENT 38(l), January 1985 We have observed cattle grazing Flint Hills rangeland in the fall selecting
Owensby, Clenton E.
Approximating Buy-at-Bulk k-Steiner trees
In the buy-at-bulk $k$-Steiner tree (or rent-or-buy$k$-Steiner tree) problem we are given a graph $G(V,E)$ with a setof terminals $T\\subseteq V$ including a particular vertex $s$ calledthe root, and an integer $k\\leq |T|$. ...
Hajiaghayi, MohammadTaghi
Loosely tree-based alignment for machine translation
We augment a model of translation based on re-ordering nodes in syntactic trees in order to allow alignments not conforming to the original tree structure, while keeping computational complexity polynomial in the sentence length. This is done by adding ...
Daniel Gildea
Carbon and nitrogen allocation in trees R.E. Dickson
Carbon and nitrogen allocation in trees R.E. Dickson USDA-Forest Service, NCFES, Rhinelander, WI, U.S.A. Introduction Growth of trees and all plants depends up- on maintaining a positive carbon balance despite to multiple environ- mental stresses (Chapin et aL, 1987; Osmond et al., 1987). Light, carbon, water
Recanati, Catherine
New partially labelled tree similarity measure: a case study
Trees are a powerful data structure for representing data for which hierarchical relations can be defined. They have been applied in a number of fields like image analysis, natural language processing, protein structure, or music retrieval, to name a ... Keywords: multimedia, music comparison and retrieval, tree edit distance
David Rizo; Jos� M. I�esta
Toxic hazards of the industrial atmospheric pollutant sulphur dioxide on tree crops
most important perennial tree crop of Kerala, which plays aeconomy, is the major tree crop in and around factories ofsulphur dioxide on tree crops such as coconut. The study
Rani, B Dr.
This case study describes two of the many projects in which the Department of the Interior's National Park Service works with private contractors and other agencies, such as the Department of Energy's Federal Energy Management Program (FEMP), to replace fossil-fuel-powered diesel generators with renewable energy systems in the nation's parks. This is done to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions, such as carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, associated with using fossil fuels to generate electric power in remote areas of the parks. Two solar electric (photovoltaic) systems were installed in Joshua Tree National Park and Mojave National Preserve in southern California, and more are planned. The systems are cleaner and less noisy than the old generators they replaced; they are connected to storage batteries and backed up by new propane generators in case of a prolonged period without sunlight.
Epstein, K.; Pitchford, P.
Rapid ontogenetic niche expansions in invasive Chinese tallow tree permit establishment in
Rapid ontogenetic niche expansions in invasive Chinese tallow tree permit establishment and poorly understood. Chinese tallow tree Triadica sebifera is a major invader demonstrating broad variation
Comet Riders--Nuclear nomads to the stars
This paper describes the potential role of an evolutionary family of advanced space nuclear power systems (solid core reactor, gas core reactor, and thermonulcear fusion systems) in the detailed exploration of Solar System comets and in the use of interstellar comes to support migratory journeys to the stars by both human beings and their smart robot systems. 14 refs., 5 figs., 2 tabs.
Angelo, J.A. Jr. (Science Applications International Corp., Melbourne, FL (United States)); Buden, D. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States))
Hanford double shell tank corrosion monitoring instrument trees
High-level nuclear wastes at the Hanford site are stored underground in carbon steel double-shell and single-shell tanks - (DSTs and SSTS). Westinghouse Hanford Company is considering installation of a prototype corrosion monitoring instrument tree in at least one DST in the summer of 1995. The instrument tree will have the ability to detect and discriminate between uniform corrosion, stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and pitting. Additional instrument trees will follow in later years. Proof-of-technology testing is currently underway for the use of commercially available electric field pattern (EFP) analysis and electrochemical noise (EN) corrosion monitoring equipment. Creative use and combinations of other existing technologies is also being considered. Successful demonstration of these technologies will be followed by the development of a Hanford specific instrument tree. The first instrument tree will incorporate one of these technologies. Subsequent trees may include both technologies, as well as a more standard assembly of corrosion coupons. Successful development of these trees will allow their application to single shell tanks and the transfer of technology to other U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites.
Nelson, J.L.
Iowa Shade Trees Bring Energy Bills Down, Beauty Up | Department of Energy
Shade Trees Bring Energy Bills Down, Beauty Up Shade Trees Bring Energy Bills Down, Beauty Up Iowa Shade Trees Bring Energy Bills Down, Beauty Up November 10, 2010 - 9:00am Addthis Volunteers from the Waverly Trees Forever group are planting windbreak trees on the north side of the mobile home court. Waverly experienced record flooding in 2008. | Photo Courtesy of Trees Forever Volunteers from the Waverly Trees Forever group are planting windbreak trees on the north side of the mobile home court. Waverly experienced record flooding in 2008. | Photo Courtesy of Trees Forever Lindsay Gsell What are the key facts? Iowa non-profit will plant 2,500 trees to encourage energy efficiency Using nearly $160,000 in State Energy Program funding through the Recovery Act Large shade trees can lower cooling bills by up to 30 percent
Iowa Shade Trees Bring Energy Bills Down, Beauty Up Iowa Shade Trees Bring Energy Bills Down, Beauty Up Iowa Shade Trees Bring Energy Bills Down, Beauty Up November 10, 2010 - 9:00am Addthis Volunteers from the Waverly Trees Forever group are planting windbreak trees on the north side of the mobile home court. Waverly experienced record flooding in 2008. | Photo Courtesy of Trees Forever Volunteers from the Waverly Trees Forever group are planting windbreak trees on the north side of the mobile home court. Waverly experienced record flooding in 2008. | Photo Courtesy of Trees Forever Lindsay Gsell What are the key facts? Iowa non-profit will plant 2,500 trees to encourage energy efficiency Using nearly $160,000 in State Energy Program funding through the Recovery Act Large shade trees can lower cooling bills by up to 30 percent
Woody biomass potential of the Chinese tallow tree
The Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum Roxb.) ia a rapid-growing species that has become naturalized along the Gulf and southern Atlantic coasts. The tree is particularly well adapted to poorly-drained and saline soils. Chinese tallow seedlings planted at 2' x 2' spacing produced over 5 dry tons of biomass/acre at the end of the second growing season, while the biomass accumulation on coppiced plots was more than 7 dry tons/acre at the end of the second year. The Chinese tallow tree has considerable promise as a woody biomass species in the southern coastal regions of the United States. 4 references, 1 figure, 4 tables.
Scheld, H.W.; Cowles, J.R.
Surety theoretics: The forest or the trees?
Periodically one needs to re-examine the objectives and the efforts associated with a field of study. In the case of surety which comprises, safety, security and reliability one needs to be sure that theoretical efforts support the needs of systems and design engineers in satisfying stakeholder requirements. The current focus in the surety areas does not appear to address the theoretical foundations needed by the systems engineer. Examination of papers and abstracts demonstrate significant effort along the lines of thermal hydraulics, chemistry, structural response, control theory, etc. which are analytical disciplines which provide support for a surety theoretic but do not constitute a theoretic. The representations currently employed, fault trees etc., define static representations of a system, not the dynamic representation characteristic of response in abnormal, hostile or under degrading conditions. Current methodologies would require a semi-infinite set of scenarios to be examined before a system could be certified as satisfying a surety requirement. The elements that are required of a surety theoretic must include: (1) a dynamic representation of the system; (2) the ability to automatically identify terminal states of the system; and (3) determine the probabilities of specified terminal states under dynamic conditions. This paper examines the requirements of a surety theoretic that will support the efforts of the design and development engineer. Speculations then follow on technologies that might provide the theoretical and support foundations needed by the systems engineering community to form a robust surety analysis and design environment.
Senglaub, M.
Bottom-up generative modeling of tree-structured data
We introduce a compositional probabilistic model for treestructured data that defines a bottom-up generative process from the leaves to the root of a tree. Contextual state transitions are introduced from the joint configuration of the children to the ...
Davide Bacciu; Alessio Micheli; Alessandro Sperduti
Efficiently finding the most parsimonious phylogenetic tree via linear programming
Reconstruction of phylogenetic trees is a fundamental problem in computational biology. While excellent heuristic methods are available for many variants of this problem, new advances in phylogeny inference will be required if we are to be able to continue ...
Srinath Sridhar; Fumei Lam; Guy E. Blelloch; R. Ravi; Russell Schwartz
Tree Death Study's Climate Change Connection LANL researchers...
Questions about how plants die leads to climate change answers March 12, 2012 How trees die in drought key to plant, climate change questions How plants die during drought is one...
Theory and Applications of the Minimum Spanning Tree Rank Histogram
A minimum spanning tree (MST) rank histogram (RH) is a multidimensional ensemble reliability verification tool. The construction of debiased, decorrelated, and covariance-homogenized MST RHs is described. Experiments using Euclidean L2, variance, ...
Daniel Gombos; James A. Hansen; Jun Du; Jeff McQueen
Microsoft Word - Appendix M_ContingencyTrees.doc
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
M Groundwater Operable Unit Contingency Trees U.S. Department of Energy Weldon Spring Site LTS&M Plan July 2005 Doc. No. S0079000 Page M-3 Figure M-1. Validation and Statistical...
Hanford double shell tank corrosion monitoring instrument tree prototype
High-level nuclear wastes at the Hanford site are stored underground in carbon steel double-shell and single-shell tanks (DSTs and SSTs). The installation of a prototype corrosion monitoring instrument tree into DST 241-A-101 was completed in December 1995. The instrument tree has the ability to detect and discriminate between uniform corrosion, pitting, and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) through the use of electrochemical noise measurements and a unique stressed element, three-electrode probe. The tree itself is constructed of AISI 304L stainless steel (UNS S30403), with probes in the vapor space, vapor/liquid interface and liquid. Successful development of these trees will allow their application to single shell tanks and the transfer of technology to other US Department of Energy (DOE) sites. Keywords: Hanford, radioactive waste, high-level waste tanks, electrochemical noise, probes, double-shell tanks, single-shell tanks, corrosion.
Nelson, J.L.; Edgemon, G.L.; Ohl, P.C.
Segmentation of airway trees from multislice CT using fuzzy logic
The segmentation and reconstruction of the human airway tree from volumetric computed tomography (CT) images facilitates many clinical applications and physiological investigations. The main problem with standard automated region-growing segmentation ...
Tan Kok Liang; Toshiyuki Tanaka; Hidetoshi Nakamura; Toru Shirahata; Hiroaki Sugiura
Fiber, fuel and food from whole-tree chips
Future shortages of fiber, fuel, and food are predicted. Because forests are renewable, they have the potential of solving long and short-term shortages if each tree is more completely utilized. The combined vacuum-airlift and steaming-compression debarking process developed by the USDA Forest Service segregates whole-tree chips into foliage, wood chips, bark, and fines at an estimated processing cost of $5.14 per oven-dry debarked metric ton. Several alternatives are available for utilizing the wood chips, bark, and foliage. The value of the bark as a fuel and the folage as an animal feed supplement more than covers the cost of upgrading the whole-tree chips. Beneficiation of whole-tree chips coupled with intergrated utilization should improve chip quality, reduce costs, and help the pulp and paper industry become energy self-sufficient. (Refs. 34).
Sturos, J.A.; Dickson, R.E.
Consistent and efficient reconstruction of latent tree models
We study the problem of learning a latent tree graphical model where samples are available only from a subset of variables. We propose two consistent and computationally efficient algorithms for learning minimal latent ...
Choi, Myung Jin
Turning Leftover Trees into Biogasoline | Department of Energy
Turning Leftover Trees into Biogasoline Turning Leftover Trees into Biogasoline Turning Leftover Trees into Biogasoline June 7, 2010 - 11:00am Addthis Researchers at Virginia Tech are working to show how biogasoline could potentially be created in existing petroleum refineries, instead of at new biorefineries as shown here. | File illustration Researchers at Virginia Tech are working to show how biogasoline could potentially be created in existing petroleum refineries, instead of at new biorefineries as shown here. | File illustration Joshua DeLung Could leftover Christmas trees be turned into biogasoline? That's the question researchers at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University have been working for three years to address. The research team says making stable biogasoline in existing refineries- from
Capitol Christmas tree stops in Amarillo | National Nuclear Security
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Capitol Christmas tree stops in Amarillo | National Nuclear Security Capitol Christmas tree stops in Amarillo | National Nuclear Security Administration Our Mission Managing the Stockpile Preventing Proliferation Powering the Nuclear Navy Emergency Response Recapitalizing Our Infrastructure Continuing Management Reform Countering Nuclear Terrorism About Us Our Programs Our History Who We Are Our Leadership Our Locations Budget Our Operations Media Room Congressional Testimony Fact Sheets Newsletters Press Releases Speeches Events Social Media Video Gallery Photo Gallery NNSA Archive Federal Employment Apply for Our Jobs Our Jobs Working at NNSA Blog Home > NNSA Blog > Capitol Christmas tree stops in Amarillo Capitol Christmas tree stops in Amarillo Posted By Office of Public Affairs Pantex employees on Saturday got a chance to check out the 2013 Capitol
Flexible isosurfaces: Simplifying and displaying scalar topology using the contour tree
The contour tree is an abstraction of a scalar field that encodes the nesting relationships of isosurfaces. We show how to use the contour tree to represent individual contours of a scalar field, how to simplify both the contour tree and the topology ... Keywords: Contour trees, Isosurfaces, Morse theory, Visualization
Hamish Carr; Jack Snoeyink; Michiel van de Panne
Negative plantsoil feedbacks may limit persistence of an invasive tree due to rapid
: biological invasions; Chinese tallow tree; pathogen accumulation; persistence; plantsoil feedbacks 1
Improved Fixed-Parameter Algorithms for Minimum-Flip Consensus Trees
In computational phylogenetics, the problem of constructing a consensus tree for a given set of rooted input trees has frequently been addressed. In this article we study the Minimum-Flip Problem: the input trees are transformed into a binary ... Keywords: Phylogenetics, consensus tree, fixed-parameter algorithm
Sebastian B�cker; Quang Bao Anh Bui; Anke Truss
The impact of tree structures on the performance of zerotree-based wavelet video codecs
In this paper we analyze the impact of tree structures on the performance of zerotree-based wavelet video codecs. Since zerotree approach is based on aggregation of insignificant coefficients in trees, therefore design of a tree structure is the key ... Keywords: Color image coding, SPIHT, Tree structure, Wavelet video, Zerotree coding
Athar Ali Moinuddin; Ekram Khan; Mohammed Ghanbari
On periodic wave functions of Schr�dinger operators on Cayley trees
In the paper we define periodic wave functions for a (discrete) Schr\\"odinger operator on a Cayley tree. This periodicity depends on a subgroup of a group representation of the Cayley tree. For any subgroup of finite index we give a criterion for eigenvalues of the Schr\\"odinger operator under which there are periodic wave functions. For a normal subgroup of infinite index we describe a class of periodic wave functions.
Fumio Hiroshima; Utkir Rozikov
We consider the problem of grooming paths in all-optical networks with tree topology so as to minimize the switching cost, measured by the total number of used ADMs. We first present efficient approximation algorithms with approximation factor of 2ln(@d@?g)+o(ln(@d@?g)) ... Keywords: Add-drop multiplexer (ADM), Optical networks, Traffic grooming, Tree networks, Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM)
Accident Fault Trees for Defense Waste Processing Facility
The purpose of this report is to document fault tree analyses which have been completed for the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) safety analysis. Logic models for equipment failures and human error combinations that could lead to flammable gas explosions in various process tanks, or failure of critical support systems were developed for internal initiating events and for earthquakes. These fault trees provide frequency estimates for support systems failures and accidents that could lead to radioactive and hazardous chemical releases both on-site and off-site. Top event frequency results from these fault trees will be used in further APET analyses to calculate accident risk associated with DWPF facility operations. This report lists and explains important underlying assumptions, provides references for failure data sources, and briefly describes the fault tree method used. Specific commitments from DWPF to provide new procedural/administrative controls or system design changes are listed in the ''Facility Commitments'' section. The purpose of the ''Assumptions'' section is to clarify the basis for fault tree modeling, and is not necessarily a list of items required to be protected by Technical Safety Requirements (TSRs).
Sarrack, A.G.
Variability management of safety and reliability models: an intermediate model towards systematic reuse of component fault trees
Reuse of fault trees helps in reducing costs and effort when conducting Fault Tree Analyses (FTAs) for a set of similar systems. Some approaches have been proposed for the systematic reuse of fault trees along with the development of a product line of ... Keywords: component fault trees, fault tree analysis, product line engineering, safety and reliability, variability management
Carolina G�mez; Peter Liggesmeyer; Ariane Sutor
Bayesian Inference in Monte-Carlo Tree Search
Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) methods are drawing great interest after yielding breakthrough results in computer Go. This paper proposes a Bayesian approach to MCTS that is inspired by distributionfree approaches such as UCT [13], yet significantly differs in important respects. The Bayesian framework allows potentially much more accurate (Bayes-optimal) estimation of node values and node uncertainties from a limited number of simulation trials. We further propose propagating inference in the tree via fast analytic Gaussian approximation methods: this can make the overhead of Bayesian inference manageable in domains such as Go, while preserving high accuracy of expected-value estimates. We find substantial empirical outperformance of UCT in an idealized bandit-tree test environment, where we can obtain valuable insights by comparing with known ground truth. Additionally we rigorously prove on-policy and off-policy convergence of the proposed methods.
Tesauro, Gerald; Segal, Richard
Tappable Pine Trees: Commercial Production of Terpene Biofuels in Pine
PETRO Project: The University of Florida is working to increase the amount of turpentine in harvested pine from 4% to 20% of its dry weight. While enhanced feedstocks for biofuels have generally focused on fuel production from leafy plants and grasses, the University of Florida is experimenting with enhancing fuel production in a species of pine that is currently used in the paper pulping industry. Pine trees naturally produce around 3-5% terpene content in the wood�terpenes are the energy-dense fuel molecules that are the predominant components of turpentine. The team aims to increase the terpene storage potential and production capacity while improving the terpene composition to a point at which the trees could be tapped while alive, like sugar maples. Growth and production from these trees will take years, but this pioneering technology could have significant impact in making available an economical and domestic source of aviation and diesel biofuels.
The need to perform spatial queries and searches is commonly encountered within the field of computational physics. The development of applications ranging from scientific visualization to finite element analysis requires efficient methods of locating domain objects relative to general locations in space. Much of the time, it is possible to form and maintain spatial relationships between objects either explicitly or by using relative motion constraints as the application evolves in time. Occasionally, either due to unpredictable relative motion or the lack of state information, an application must perform a general search (or ordering) of geometric objects without any explicit spatial relationship information as a basis. If previous state information involving domain geometric objects is not available, it is typically an involved and time consuming process to create object adjacency information or to order the objects in space. Further, as the number of objects and the spatial dimension of the problem domain is increased, the time required to search increases greatly. This paper proposes an implementation of a spatial k-d tree (skD-tree) for use by various applications when a general domain search is required. The skD-tree proposed in this paper is a spatial access method where successive tree levels are split along different dimensions. Objects are indexed by their centroid, and the minimum bounding box of objects in a node are stored in the tree node. The paper focuses on a discussion of efficient and practical algorithms for multidimensional spatial data structures for fast spatial query processing. These functions include the construction of a skD-tree of geometric objects, intersection query, containment query, and nearest neighbor query operations.
Khamayseh, Ahmed K [ORNL; Hansen, Glen [Idaho National Laboratory (INL)
Development and Validation of Sterility Systems for Trees
The overall goal of this project was to develop and validate sterility systems in poplar with the ultimate goal of fulfilling the basic requirements for commercial use. For this, sterility must be complete and stable over multiple growing seasons, cause no detrimental effects on vegetative growth, and successful transformation events must be identifiable via molecular tests when trees are still juvenile. Because of the inherent difficulties in achieving and demonstrating complete sterility in trees, our approach was to study alternate sterility systems in Arabidopsis and/or early-flowering tree systems. The public benefit from this work is the capacity for containment of genes or exotic forms of trees so they can be of benefit for industry for production of wood, energy, and renewable products, while having minimal impact on wild populations of trees. We tested three methods for engineering sterility: dominant negative mutant (DNM) proteins, floral tissue ablation, and RNA interference (RNAi) to suppress the expression of several floral regulatory genes. The ultimate goal of this work was to produce a number of transgenic poplars that could be outplanted to enable future assessments of the effectiveness of these transgenic sterility methods. Our attempts to produce ablation constructs that did not interfere with tree health were partially successful. Using the poplar LEAFY gene promoter and the barnase/barstar system, we were able to regenerate plants that grew well in the greenhouse, but they showed poor health in the field. Four of seven DNM genes tested were considered promising enough, based on results in Arabidopsis, to produce transgenic poplars. Single, double, and triple RNAi genes were produced and transformed into poplar. Over all, we produced 1,964 PCR-confirmed transgenic events with 19 different kinds of sterility genes and several kinds of control genes. We propagated 5,640, 6,820, and 7,055 trees for each of three test poplar genotypes, and field plantings were begun in Spring of 2003 and will be finished in Spring 2007. Continued field studies and monitoring will be required to establish if any of the approaches we have taken will prove to be safe for tree health, stable, and provide reliable containment.
Strauss, Steve; Shevchenko, Olga; Ma, Caiping (Cathleen)
A Tree Swaying in a Turbulent Wind: A Scaling Analysis
A tentative scaling theory is presented of a tree swaying in a turbulent wind. It is argued that the turbulence of the air within the crown is in the inertial regime, An eddy causes a dynamic bending response of the branches according to a time criterion. The resulting expression for the penetration depth of the wind yields an exponent which is in agreement with that pertaining to the morphology of the tree branches. An energy criterion shows that the dynamics of the branches is basically passive. The possibility of hydrodynamic screening by the leaves is discussed.
Theo Odijk
Witness trees in the Moser-Tardos algorithmic Lov�sz Local Lemma and Penrose trees in the hard core lattice gas
We point out a close connection between the Moser-Tardos algorithmic version of the Lov\\'asz Local Lemma, a central tool in probabilistic combinatorics, and the cluster expansion of the hard core lattice gas in statistical mechanics. We show that the notion of witness trees given by Moser and Tardos is essentially coincident with that of Penrose trees in the Cluster expansion scheme of the hard core gas. Such an identification implies that the Moser Tardos algorithm is successful in a polynomial time if the Cluster expansion converges.
Rog�rio Gomes Alves; Aldo Procacci
Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty OilsChapter 3 Tree Nut Oils
Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty Oils Chapter 3 Tree Nut Oils Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 3 Tree Nut Oils from the boo
Bounds on tracking error using closed-loop rapidly-exploring random trees
This paper considers the real-time motion planning problem for autonomous systems subject to complex dynamics, constraints, and uncertainty. Rapidly-exploring random trees (RRT) can be used to efficiently construct trees ...
Luders, Brandon Douglas
A Parallel Processing Technique for Electrical Tree Growth in Solid Insulating Materials Using Cellular Automata
One of the major problems in electrical insulation structure is its failure while operating at normal voltage stress, which is due to electrical treeing. It is well known that this electrical tree grows progressively and damaging locally. To analyze ...
D. Antony Louis Piriyakumar; Paul Levi; R. Jayaganthan; R. Sarathi
Herbivory tolerance and compensatory differences in native and invasive ecotypes of Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum)
tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) William E. Rogers1,2, * and Evan Siemann1 1 Department of Ecology studies with Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum), a problematic invader in the southeastern United
Genetic differences in growth of an invasive tree Evan Siemann and William E.
with the Chinese Tallow Tree (Sapium sebiferum) from its native range (Asia), place of introduction to North of increased competitive ability, Sapium sebiferum, Chinese Tallow Tree, trade- off, invasion, plant growth
Constraints on the utilisation of the invasive Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum by generalist native
Constraints on the utilisation of the invasive Chinese tallow tree Sapium sebiferum by generalist prairie vegetation and a seedling of either introduced Sapium sebiferum (Chinese tallow tree) or native
Spatial Patterns of Tree-Growth Anomalies in the United States and Southeastern Canada
A network of 248 tree-ring chronologies in the conterminous United States is assembled and analyzed by rotated principal components analysis (RPCA) to delineate �regions� of common tree-growth variation during the period 1705�1979. Spatial ...
David Meko; Edward R. Cook; David W. Stahle; Charles W. Stockton; Malcolm K. Hughes
Pine Tree Extension Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Pine Tree Extension Wind Farm Pine Tree Extension Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Pine Tree Extension Wind Farm Facility Pine Tree Extension Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Developer Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Energy Purchaser Los Angeles Department of Water and Power Location North of Mojave CA Coordinates 35.076651°, -118.255291° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":35.076651,"lon":-118.255291,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Identifying incompatible service implementations using pooled decision trees
We study fault localization techniques for identification of incompatible configurations and implementations in service-based applications (SBAs). Practice has shown that standardized interfaces alone do not guarantee compatibility of services originating ... Keywords: dependability, fault localization, pooled decision trees, service-oriented architecture
Christian Inzinger; Waldemar Hummer; Benjamin Satzger; Philipp Leitner; Schahram Dustdar
A faster distributed protocol for constructing a minimum spanning tree
This paper studies the problem of constructing a minimum-weight spanning tree (MST) in a distributed network. This is one of the most important problems in the area of distributed computing. There is a long line of gradually improving protocols ...
Michael Elkin
On the structure of elimination trees for Bayesian network inference
We present an optimization to elimination tree inference in Bayesian networks through the use of unlabeled nodes, or nodes that are not labeled with a variable from the Bayesian network. Through the use of these unlabeled nodes, we are able to restructure ... Keywords: Bayesian networks, inference, offline computation
Kevin Grant; Keilan Scholten
Using MoneyTree To Represent Financial Data
Ambient information visualization normally does not reside on the screen of a desktop computer, but exists in the general environment, in the periphery of the user's attention. The aim is not only to provide useful information, but also to blend in with ... Keywords: Ambient information visualization, financial data, tree
Xiaobin Shen; Peter Eades
CSP duality and trees of bounded pathwidth Catarina Carvalhoa
CSP duality and trees of bounded pathwidth Catarina Carvalhoa , V´ictor Dalmaub , Andrei Krokhin satisfaction problem (CSP) provides a framework in which it is possible to express, in a natural way, many.g., [11, 18]) that the CSP can be cast as the following fundamental problem: given two finite relational
Krokhin, Andrei
CSP duality and trees of bounded pathwidth Catarina Carvalhoa , V´ictor Dalmaub , Andrei Krokhin problem (CSP) provides a framework in which it is possible to express, in a natural way, many.g., [10, 14]) that the CSP can be cast as the following fundamental problem: given two finite relational
An Aggregation Tree Constructing Algorithm Based on Energy Consumption Assessment
This paper first gives an analysis of Data Aggregation and Data Compression based on the energy consumption of sensor nodes, after which an approach is proposed to construct an aggregation tree in the case of non-perfect aggregation since GIT considers ...
Dayang Sun; Yanheng Liu; Aimin Wang
Identifying failure in a tree network of a parallel computer
Methods, parallel computers, and products are provided for identifying failure in a tree network of a parallel computer. The parallel computer includes one or more processing sets including an I/O node and a plurality of compute nodes. For each processing set embodiments include selecting a set of test compute nodes, the test compute nodes being a subset of the compute nodes of the processing set; measuring the performance of the I/O node of the processing set; measuring the performance of the selected set of test compute nodes; calculating a current test value in dependence upon the measured performance of the I/O node of the processing set, the measured performance of the set of test compute nodes, and a predetermined value for I/O node performance; and comparing the current test value with a predetermined tree performance threshold. If the current test value is below the predetermined tree performance threshold, embodiments include selecting another set of test compute nodes. If the current test value is not below the predetermined tree performance threshold, embodiments include selecting from the test compute nodes one or more potential problem nodes and testing individually potential problem nodes and links to potential problem nodes.
Archer, Charles J. (Rochester, MN); Pinnow, Kurt W. (Rochester, MN); Wallenfelt, Brian P. (Eden Prairie, MN)
HEAT THAT GROWS ON TREES Short description of timber energy
HEAT THAT GROWS ON TREES 6 Short description of timber energy · Along with hydro-electric power, wood is Switzerland's most important energy source. · Wood is CO2-neutral: in sustainably managed, a balance is maintained between growth and combustion). · Wood energy represents a welcome potential use
and control, nuclear reactor safety systems and aircraft landing systems. For systems of failure in operations. For example a nuclear reactor shutdown system should fail at a rate which Abstract. A theory underlying application of automatic fault tree analysis to computer programs
An expert system to predict protein thermostability using decision tree
Protein thermostability information is closely linked to commercial production of many biomaterials. Recent developments have shown that amino acid composition, special sequence patterns and hydrogen bonds, disulfide bonds, salt bridges and so on are ... Keywords: Bioinformatics, Decision Tree, Expert system, Machine learning, Protein thermostability
Li-Cheng Wu; Jian-Xin Lee; Hsien-Da Huang; Baw-Juine Liu; Jorng-Tzong Horng
A tree augmented classifier based on Extreme Imprecise Dirichlet Model
We present TANC, a TAN classifier (tree-augmented naive) based on imprecise probabilities. TANC models prior near-ignorance via the Extreme Imprecise Dirichlet Model (EDM). A first contribution of this paper is the experimental comparison between EDM ... Keywords: Classification, Classifier, Imprecise Dirichlet Model, Naive credal, TANC
G. Corani; C. P. de Campos
Finding many optimal paths without growing any optimal path trees
Many algorithms seek to compute actual optimal paths in weighted directed graphs. The standard approach for reporting an actual optimal path is based on building a single-source optimal path tree. A technique was given in [1] for a class of problems ...
Danny Z. Chen; Ewa Misiolek
Cooling our Communities. A Guidebook on Tree Planting and Light-Colored Surfacing
Standards established pedestrian Shade trees shall be planted within five feet (5') of right-of-ways,
Akbari, H.
Algorithms for Efficient Near-Perfect Phylogenetic Tree Reconstruction in Theory and Practice
We consider the problem of reconstructing near-perfect phylogenetic trees using binary character states (referred to as BNPP). A perfect phylogeny assumes that every character mutates at most once in the evolutionary tree, yielding an algorithm for binary ... Keywords: computations on discrete structures, trees, biology and genetics
Srinath Sridhar; Kedar Dhamdhere; Guy Blelloch; Eran Halperin; R. Ravi; Russell Schwartz
Induced states in a decision tree constructed by Q-learning
This paper develops a tree-construction method based on the framework of reinforcement learning (RL). The induction of a decision tree is regarded as a problem of RL, where the optimal policy should be found to obtain the maximal accumulated information ... Keywords: CART, Critic-actor model, Decision trees, Q-learning, Reinforcement learning, State space partition
Kao-Shing Hwang; Yu-Jen Chen; Wei-Cheng Jiang; Tsung-Wen Yang
A Note on the Parameterized Complexity of Unordered Maximum Tree Orientation
A Note on the Parameterized Complexity of Unordered Maximum Tree Orientation Sebastian B University, 41296 G¨oteborg, Sweden email@example.com Abstract In the Unordered Maximum Tree Orientation problem, a set P of paths in a tree and a parameter k is given, and we want to orient the edges
Damaschke, Peter
I/O efficient algorithms for serial and parallel suffix tree construction
Over the past three decades, the suffix tree has served as a fundamental data structure in string processing. However, its widespread applicability has been hindered due to the fact that suffix tree construction does not scale well with the size of the ... Keywords: Suffix tree, disk-based, external memory, genome indexing, parallel, sequence indexing
Amol Ghoting; Konstantin Makarychev
Physical design exploration of 3D tree-based FPGA architecture
An innovative 3D physical design exploration methodology for Tree-based FPGA architecture is presented in this paper. In a Tree-based FPGA architecture, the interconnects are arranged in a multidimensional network with the logic unites and switch blocks ... Keywords: 3d integration circuits, tree-based fpga, tsv
Vinod Pangracious; Emna Amouri; Habib Mehrez; Zied Marrakchi
A wavelet-tree-based watermarking method using distance vector of binary cluster
This paper proposes a wavelet-tree-based watermarking method using distance vector of binary cluster for copyright protection. In the proposed method, wavelet trees are classified into two clusters using the distance vector to denote binary watermark ... Keywords: Blind watermarking method, Copyright protection, Distance vector, Significant coefficient, Watermark, Wavelet tree
Wei-Hung Lin; Yuh-Rau Wang; Shi-Jinn Horng
Layout-Aware Multi-Layer Multi-Level Scan Tree Synthesis
In this paper, we propose a layout-aware scan tree synthesis methodology. Scan tree can greatly reduce test data volume, which is very desirable in SOC testing. However, previous researches on scan tree synthesis have not considered routing issues in ...
Sying-Jyan Wang; Xin-Long Li; Katherine Shu-Min Li
The Tree of Knowledge Project: Organic Designs as Virtual Learning Spaces
The virtual Department of English at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, also known as the Tree of Knowledge, is a project premised upon using ecology and organic forms to promote language learning in Second Life SL. Inspired by Salmon's 2010 Tree ... Keywords: Ecology, English, Language Learning, Second Life SL, Texturing, Tree Of Knowledge
Dean A. F. Gui, Gigi AuYeung
Automatic Construction of Decision Trees from Data: A Multi-Disciplinary Survey
Decision trees have proved to be valuable tools for the description, classification and generalization of data. Work on constructing decision trees from data exists in multiple disciplines such as statistics, pattern recognition, decision theory, ... Keywords: classification, data compaction, tree-structured classifiers
Sreerama K. Murthy
The quadratic minimum spanning tree problem: A lower bounding procedure and an efficient search algorithm
In this paper we consider the quadratic minimum spanning tree problem (QMSTP) which is known to be NP-hard. Given a complete graph, the QMSTP consists of finding a minimum spanning tree (MST) where interaction costs between pairs of edges are prescribed. ... Keywords: Lagrangian relaxation, Local search, Quadratic minimum spanning tree problem
Temel �ncan; Abraham P. Punnen
Fault trees for decision making in systems analysis
The application of fault tree analysis (FTA) to system safety and reliability is presented within the framework of system safety analysis. The concepts and techniques involved in manual and automated fault tree construction are described and their differences noted. The theory of mathematical reliability pertinent to FTA is presented with emphasis on engineering applications. An outline of the quantitative reliability techniques of the Reactor Safety Study is given. Concepts of probabilistic importance are presented within the fault tree framework and applied to the areas of system design, diagnosis and simulation. The computer code IMPORTANCE ranks basic events and cut sets according to a sensitivity analysis. A useful feature of the IMPORTANCE code is that it can accept relative failure data as input. The output of the IMPORTANCE code can assist an analyst in finding weaknesses in system design and operation, suggest the most optimal course of system upgrade, and determine the optimal location of sensors within a system. A general simulation model of system failure in terms of fault tree logic is described. The model is intended for efficient diagnosis of the causes of system failure in the event of a system breakdown. It can also be used to assist an operator in making decisions under a time constraint regarding the future course of operations. The model is well suited for computer implementation. New results incorporated in the simulation model include an algorithm to generate repair checklists on the basis of fault tree logic and a one-step-ahead optimization procedure that minimizes the expected time to diagnose system failure. (80 figures, 20 tables) (auth)
Lambert, H.E.
Tree Growth Regulators for Management of Trees in Electric Utility Rights-of-Way: A Literature and Current Application Status Review
Chemical growth regulators -- initially developed for horticultural and field crops -- provide a promising, cost-effective tool for management of trees under electric transmission and distribution lines in utility rights-of-way (ROWs). Paclobutrazol (commercial product Profile� 2SC) and flurprimidol (commercial product Cutless� tree implants) are potent tree growth regulators for a broad range of herbaceous and woody gymnosperm and angiosperm species. This review summarizes the published literatu...
Pine Tree Bethlehem Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
Bethlehem Biomass Facility Bethlehem Biomass Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name Pine Tree Bethlehem Biomass Facility Facility Pine Tree Bethlehem Sector Biomass Owner Suez Renewable Energy NA Location Bethlehem, New Hampshire Coordinates 44.27998°, -71.690941° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":44.27998,"lon":-71.690941,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Parallel Algorithms for Graph Optimization using Tree Decompositions
Although many $\\cal{NP}$-hard graph optimization problems can be solved in polynomial time on graphs of bounded tree-width, the adoption of these techniques into mainstream scientific computation has been limited due to the high memory requirements of the necessary dynamic programming tables and excessive runtimes of sequential implementations. This work addresses both challenges by proposing a set of new parallel algorithms for all steps of a tree decomposition-based approach to solve the maximum weighted independent set problem. A hybrid OpenMP/MPI implementation includes a highly scalable parallel dynamic programming algorithm leveraging the MADNESS task-based runtime, and computational results demonstrate scaling. This work enables a significant expansion of the scale of graphs on which exact solutions to maximum weighted independent set can be obtained, and forms a framework for solving additional graph optimization problems with similar techniques.
Sullivan, Blair D [ORNL; Weerapurage, Dinesh P [ORNL; Groer, Christopher S [ORNL
JBIG2 Symbol Dictionary Design Based on Minimum Spanning Trees
The JBIG2 standard is a very flexible bi-level image coding strategy based on pattern matching. The encoder collects a set of symbols in a dictionary and encodes a page by reference to the dictionary symbols. JBIG2 allows the encoder to view all symbols and choose a good set for the dictionary. In this paper, we examine the bit rate trade-off that arises in choosing different dictionary sizes. In particular, we propose a suboptimal dictionary design technique based on minimum spanning trees. This technique gives competitive compression ratios and allows us to specify the dictionary size almost arbitrarily, thus providing a way to study the bit rate trade-off problem in detail. Keywords: JBIG2, Text image compression, Symbol dictionary, Minimum spanning tree 1
Yan Ye; Pamela Cosman
Transfer current and pattern fields in spanning trees
When a simply connected domain $D\\subset{\\mathbb{R}}^d$ ($d\\ge 2$) is approximated in a "good" way by embedded connected weighted graphs, we prove that the transfer current matrix (defined on the edges of the graph viewed as an electrical network) converges, up to a local weight factor, to the differential of Green's function on $D$. This observation implies that properly rescaled correlations of the spanning tree model and correlations of minimal subconfigurations in the abelian sandpile model have a universal and conformally covariant limit. We further show that, on a periodic approximation of the domain, all pattern fields of the spanning tree model, as well as the minimal-pattern (e.g. zero-height) fields of the sandpile, converge weakly in distribution to Gaussian white noise.
Adrien Kassel; Wei Wu
Finding genes in DNA using decision trees and dynamic programming
{ salz berg,xchendhndrsn}:~cs.jhu.edu,kewf~gdb.org This study demonstrates the use of decision tree classifiers as the basis for a general gene-finding system. The system uses a dynamic programming algorithm that. finds the optimal segmentation of a DNA sequence into coding and noncoding regions (exons and introits).]�he optimality property is dependent oll a separate scoring function that takes a subsequence and assigns to it a score reflecting the probability that the sequence is an exon. In this study, the scoring functions were sets of decision trees and rules that were combined to give the probability estimate. Experimental results on a newly collected database of human DNA sequences are encouraging, and some new observations about the structure of classifiers for tile gene-finding problem have emerged from this study. We also provide descriptions of a new probability chain model that produces very accurate filters to find donor and acceptor sites.
Steven Salzberg; Xin Chen; John Henderson; Kenneth Fasman
On the Construction of WiMax Mesh Tree
Abstract � The IEEE 802.16 protocol, also known as WiMAX, has been designed to support long-range communications with high bitrates, using two operation modes: Point-to-Multi-Point (PMP) and Mesh. In the mesh mode, Subscriber Stations (SSs) can directly communicate with each other, thus forming a tree, and can be used to forward other�s data packets in a multihop fashion. On the contrary, in the PMP mode only one hop communication toward the Base Station (BS) is allowed. In this paper, we investigate the performance of the mesh mode by proposing an algorithm for constructing the WiMAX mesh tree. Our algorithm increases routes � effective throughput by splitting long links into multiple shorter ones. We show through simulations that this approach leads to improving the throughput capacity of WiMAX-based wireless mesh networks. Index Terms � WiMAX, wireless mesh networks. I.
Salim Nahle; Luigi Iannone; Benoit Donnet; Naceur Malouch
Lone Tree, Colorado: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Tree, Colorado: Energy Resources Tree, Colorado: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 39.5360997°, -104.8963682° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":39.5360997,"lon":-104.8963682,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Pine Tree Fitchburg Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
Fitchburg Biomass Facility Fitchburg Biomass Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name Pine Tree Fitchburg Biomass Facility Facility Pine Tree Fitchburg Sector Biomass Owner Suez Renewable Energy NA Location Westminster, Massachusetts Coordinates 42.5459227°, -71.9106308° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.5459227,"lon":-71.9106308,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Trees as Filters of Radioactive Fallout from the Chernobyl Accident
This paper is a copy of an unpublished study of the filtering effect of red maple trees (acer rubrum) on fission product fallout near Binghamton, NY, USA following the 1986 Chernobyl accident. The conclusions of this work may offer some insight into what is happening in the forests exposed to fallout from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant accident. This posting is in memory of Noel K. Yeh.
Brownridge, James D
Statistical GPU power analysis using tree-based methods
Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have emerged as a promising platform for parallel computation. With a large number of scalar processors and abundant memory bandwidth, GPUs provide substantial computation power. While delivering high computation performance, ... Keywords: GTX 280 GPU, statistical GPU power analysis, parallel computation, scalar processors, memory bandwidth, computation power, power supplies, cooling systems, power consumption requirement, high-level GPU power consumption model, tree-based random Statistical forest methods, GPU runtime power consumption, performance metrics, GPU simulator, CUDA kernels
Jianmin Chen; Bin Li; Ying Zhang; Lu Peng; Jih-kwon Peir
Parallel TreeSPH: A Tool for Galaxy Formation
We describe a new implementation of a parallel Tree-SPH code with the aim to simulate Galaxy Formation and Evolution. The code has been parallelized using SHMEM, a Cray proprietary library to handle communications between the 256 processors of the Silicon Graphics T3E massively parallel supercomputer hosted by the Cineca Super-computing Center (Bologna, Italy). The code combines the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to solve hydro-dynamical equations with the popular Barnes and Hut (1986) tree-code to perform gravity calculation with a $N \\times logN$ scaling, and it is based on the scalar Tree-SPH code developed by Carraro et al (1998)[MNRAS 297, 1021]. Parallelization is achieved distributing particles along processors according to a work-load criterium. Benchmarks, in terms of load-balance and scalability, of the code are analised and critically discussed against the adiabatic collapse of an isothermal gas sphere test using $2 \\times 10^{4}$ particles on 8 processors. The code results balanced at more than 95% level. Increasing the number of processors, the load balance sligthly worsens. The deviation from perfect scalability at increasing number of processors is negligible up to 64 processors. Additionally we have incorporated radiative cooling, star formation, feed-back and an algorithm to follow the chemical enrichment of the interstellar medium.
Cesario Lia; Giovanni Carraro
The Rotor-Router Model on Regular Trees
The rotor-router model is a deterministic analogue of random walk. It can be used to define a deterministic growth model analogous to internal DLA. We show that if the initial rotor configuration is acyclic, then the set of occupied sites for rotor-router aggregation on an infinite regular tree is a perfect ball whenever it can be. This is proved by defining the rotor-router group of a graph, which we show is isomorphic to the sandpile group. We also address the question of recurrence and transience: We give two rotor configurations on the infinite ternary tree, one for which chips exactly alternate escaping to infinity with returning to the origin, and one for which every chip returns to the origin. We also characterize the possible "escape sequences" for the ternary tree, that is, binary words $a_1 ... a_n$ for which there exists a rotor configuration so that the $k$-th chip escapes to infinity if and only if $a_k=1$.
Landau, Itamar
The rotor-router model is a deterministic analogue of random walk. It can be used to define a deterministic growth model analogous to internal DLA. We show that the set of occupied sites for this model on an infinite regular tree is a perfect ball whenever it can be, provided the initial rotor configuration is acyclic (that is, no two neighboring vertices have rotors pointing to one another). This is proved by defining the rotor-router group of a graph, which we show is isomorphic to the sandpile group. We also address the question of recurrence and transience: We give two rotor configurations on the infinite ternary tree, one for which chips exactly alternate escaping to infinity with returning to the origin, and one for which every chip returns to the origin. Further, we characterize the possible �escape sequences � for the ternary tree, that is, binary words a1... an for which there exists a rotor configuration so that the k-th chip escapes to infinity if and only if ak = 1. 1
Itamar L; Lionel Levine
The rotor-router model is a deterministic analogue of random walk. It can be used to define a deterministic growth model analogous to internal DLA. We show that the set of occupied sites for this model on an infinite regular tree is a perfect ball whenever it can be, provided the initial rotor configuration is acyclic (that is, no two neighboring vertices have rotors pointing to one another). This is proved by defining the rotor-router group of a graph, which we show is isomorphic to the sandpile group. We also address the question of recurrence and transience: We give two rotor configurations on the infinite ternary tree, one for which chips exactly alternate escaping to infinity with returning to the origin, and one for which every chip returns to the origin. Further, we characterize the possible �escape sequences � for the ternary tree, that is, binary words a1... an for which there exists a rotor configuration so that the k-th chip escapes to infinity if and only if ak = 1.
Itamar Landau; Lionel Levine
Using Tree Rings to Predict the Response of Tree Growth to Climate Change in the Continental United States during the Twenty-First Century
In the early 1900s, tree-ring scientists began analyzing the relative widths of annual growth rings preserved in the cross sections of trees to infer past climate variations. Now, many ring-width index (RWI) chronologies, each representing a ...
A. Park Williams; Joel Michaelsen; Steven W. Leavitt; Christopher J. Still
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa via a poplar tree model
Differential gene expression of P. aeruginosa in a rhizosphere biofilm on poplar tree roots was examined in order to identify new virulence factors from this human pathogen. Changes in gene expression for poplar trees contacted with P. aeruginosa was examined as well to identify the response of poplar roots to P. aeruginosa infection. This is the first study of the whole-transcriptome analysis of P. aeruginosa on a plant tree root. The 20 most highly-induced genes of P. aeruginosa were examined for their role in biofilm formation, rhizosphere colonization, barley germination, and poplar tree killing assays. Seven previously uncharacterized virulence genes (PA1385, PA2146, PA2462, PA2463, PA2663, PA4150, and PA4295) were identified. The role of PA2663, a hypothetical protein discovered in the microarrays of P. aeruginosa while killing poplar trees, was examined in further detail. Expression of PA2663 protein increases biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa PAO1 drastically. By complementing the PA2663 mutation in trans and by studying with DNA microarrays and RT-PCR the PA2663 mutant vs. the wild-type strain, PA2663 was confirmed to be related to biofilm formation and was found that it is the first protein to control the psl operon in P. aeruginosa PAO1. Furthermore, PA2663 protein increases pyoverdine synthesis and quorum sensing (QS)- regulated phenotypes. A biofilm formation-related hypothetical protein, PA0939, was identified in this study. The effects of indole and 7-hydroxyindole on P. aeruginosa virulence factors were also examined for the first time. Indole and 7HI repressed expression of mexGHI-opmD multidrug efflux pump genes and genes involved in synthesis of QS-regulated virulence factors (pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, PQS, and pyoverdine production). In addition, the effects of an anti-cancer uracil analog, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) on P. aeruginosa virulence factors and E. coli K-12 biofilm formation were examined. 5-FU repressed biofilm formation, abolished quorum-sensing phenotypes, and reduced virulence in P. aeruginosa. DNA microarray and biofilm studies with 5-FU in E. coli revealed that 5-FU controls biofilm formation through the AriR protein in E. coli K-12 strain. The effects of lsrR and lsrK mutations on E. coli biofilm formation were also examined by flow cell experiments.
Attila, Can
Ecosystem Services Decision Tree Pilot Test with New York Power Authority
EPRI published the report �Ecosystem Services Decision Tree: A Decision-Support Tool for Consideration of Ecosystem Services in the Electric Power Industry� (1026845) in December of 2012. The Decision Tree was created to help a company determine why, when, and how to consider ecosystem services. The Decision Tree was pilot-tested in 2013 in a theoretical application by New York Power Authority.BackgroundThe pilot test was intended to inform the ...
A Parallel Tree-SPH code for Galaxy Formation
We describe a new implementation of a parallel Tree-SPH code with the aim to simulate Galaxy Formation and Evolution. The code has been parallelized using SHMEM, a Cray proprietary library to handle communications between the 256 processors of the Silicon Graphics T3E massively parallel supercomputer hosted by the Cineca Supercomputing Center (Bologna, Italy). The code combines the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method to solve hydro-dynamical equations with the popular Barnes and Hut (1986) tree-code to perform gravity calculation with a NlogN scaling, and it is based on the scalar Tree-SPH code developed by Carraro et al(1998)[MNRAS 297, 1021]. Parallelization is achieved distributing particles along processors according to a work-load criterion. Benchmarks, in terms of load-balance and scalability, of the code are analyzed and critically discussed against the adiabatic collapse of an isothermal gas sphere test using 20,000 particles on 8 processors. The code results balanced at more that 95% level. Increasing the number of processors, the load-balance slightly worsens. The deviation from perfect scalability at increasing number of processors is almost negligible up to 32 processors. Finally we present a simulation of the formation of an X-ray galaxy cluster in a flat cold dark matter cosmology, using 200,000 particles and 32 processors, and compare our results with Evrard (1988) P3M-SPH simulations. Additionaly we have incorporated radiative cooling, star formation, feed-back from SNae of type II and Ia, stellar winds and UV flux from massive stars, and an algorithm to follow the chemical enrichment of the inter-stellar medium. Simulations with some of these ingredients are also presented.
Surfacing of the parts of Christmas tree valves
The authors discuss the strengthening of Christmas trees for service conditions, in particular, the method of plasma spraying of the sealing surfaces of the gates of the valves with hard corrosion resistant alloys. Most frequently, cobalt- (stellite), nickel- (colmonoy), and iron-base alloys are used for surfacing. A plan is shown of the area for plasma surfacing in one of the petroleum machinery plants. It is found that the hardening of the sealing surface of gate valve parts by plasma powder surfacing with self-fluxing nickel alloys increases the reliability and life of well-head equipment.
Mordynskii, V.B.; Barsukov, V.P.; Iskakhov, A.R.; Komarcheva, E.S.
An efficient method for exploring the space of gene tree ... - CECM
Apr 20, 2011 ... To compute the posterior probability distribution of a subset of .... synthetic gene trees generation process we followed is based on several�...
Genomics-based breeding in forest trees: are we there yet?
PRESENTATION Open Access Genomics-based breeding in forestEfforts to realize genomics-based breeding in conifer treeUSDA. The Conifer Translational Genomics Network Coordinated
Neale, David
Acceptance Test Plan for Fourth-Generation Hanford Corrosion Probe Tree Assembly
This Acceptance Test Procedure (ATP) will document the satisfactory operation of the corrosion probe tree assembly. This ATP will be performed by the manufacturer prior to delivery to the site. The objective of this procedure is to demonstrate and document the acceptance of the corrosion probe tree assembly. The test will consist of a pressure test to verify leak tightness of the probe tree body, a continuity test of the probe tree wiring, a test of the high level detector wiring, and a test of the operation of the Type K thermocouples.
Discovering and mapping chromatin states using a tree hidden Markov model
model (TreeHMM) to discover and map chromatin states usingthe observed chromatin modification data. We begin bynotation. We denote the chromatin modification of type l at
Biesinger, Jacob; Wang, Yuanfeng; Xie, Xiaohui
Characterization of Fir-tree Zones in AA1050 DC Cast Ingot
Using combination of electron backscattered diffraction, energy dispersive ... of Fe-bearing intermetallics throughout the fir-tree zones of AA1050 DC ingot were �...
The effects of the invasive exotic Chinese tallow tree (Triadica sebifera) on amphibians and aquatic invertebrates.
??This dissertation addresses the question of how leaf litter from trees affects animals that live in aquatic environments, with an emphasis on the effect of� (more)
Leonard, Norman
Restoring a prairie: Testing effectiveness of Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) mulch to reduce seedling emergence .
??The invasive Chinese tallow tree (Sapium sebiferum) is difficult to control because of its large seed bank and ability to resprout from cut stumps. I� (more)
[No author
Microsoft Word - CX-ChehalisSubstationTreeClearingFY13_WEB.docx
, 2013 REPLY TO ATTN OF: KEPR-4 SUBJECT: Environmental Clearance Memorandum Brian Brady Project Forester - TERS-3 Proposed Action: Tree clearing at Bonneville Power...
Individual tree species identification using LIDAR-derived crown structures and intensity data.
??Tree species identification is important for a variety of natural resource management and monitoring activities including riparian buffer characterization, wildfire risk assessment, biodiversity monitoring, and� (more)
Kim, Sooyoung
Quad tree decomposition of fused image of sunspots for classifying the trajectories
A combination of image fusion and quad tree decomposition method is used for detecting the sunspot trajectories in each month and computation of the latitudes of these trajectories in each solar hemisphere. Daily solar images taken with SOHO satellite ... Keywords: image fusion, quad tree decomposition, sunspot
Farhad Besharati; Mana Tarjoman; Hassan Ghassemian
Adaptive and deadlock-free tree-based multicast routing for networks-on-chip
This paper presents the first synthesizable network-on-chip (NoC) based on a mesh topology, which supports adaptive and deadlock-free tree-based multicast routing without virtual channels. The deadlock-free routing algorithms for unicast and multicast ... Keywords: network-on-chip (NoC), synchronous parallel pipeline, tree-based multicast routing, wormhole packet switching
Faizal Arya Samman; Thomas Hollstein; Manfred Glesner
An optimization framework for the energy management of carrier ethernet networks with Multiple Spanning Trees
We propose an energy management framework to optimize the energy consumption of networks using the Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol such as Carrier Grade Ethernet networks. The objective is to minimize the energy consumption of nodes and links while considering ... Keywords: Carrier Grade Ethernet, Green networking, Network design, Routing optimization, Spanning Trees, Traffic engineering
Antonio Capone; Daniele Corti; Luca Gianoli; Brunilde Sans�
Open Access Development of a Methodology to Estimate Biomass from Tree Height Using Airborne Digital Image
Copyright � 2012 J. Jenitha Ferdinent and Raj Chandar Padmanaban. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Abstract Globally biomass is becoming imperative for function such as climate change, combined heat and power generation. The biomass energy is gaining significance as a source of clean heat for domestic heating and community heating applications. Regarding climatic change and global warming, the biomass is being estimated in various ways. By including three dimensions (i.e.) height of a tree or stand height of trees in forest will greatly help in estimation biomass more accurately. Traditionally close range Photogrammetry is used to determine volume and biomass of the tree. However, this method of volume/height of a tree is not feasible in large scale applications and time consuming. Globally researchers are working to estimate this by using either airborne/space borne data. In this project, a methodology to measure tree height in case of single tree or stand height (mean tree height) of an area is developed using airborne digital camera. The height of the tree was first estimated from the airborne digital camera image data. The image taken from Airborne UltraCamD has been used. This image is 23cm X 15cm image size and 20cm resolution. Aerial
J. Jenitha Ferdinent; Raj Ch; Ar Padmanaban
Protocol for dynamic ad-hoc networks using distributed spanning trees
A dynamic ad-hoc network consists of a collection of mobile hosts with frequently changing network topology. We propose a distributed algorithm that adapts to the topology by utilizing spanning trees in the regions where the topology is stable, ... Keywords: ad-hoc network, distributed algorithm, routing, simulation, spanning tree
Sridhar Radhakrishnan; Gopal Racherla; Chandra N. Sekharan; Nageswara S. V. Rao; S. G. Batsell
Analysis of traffic accident severity using Decision Rules via Decision Trees
A Decision Tree (DT) is a potential method for studying traffic accident severity. One of its main advantages is that Decision Rules (DRs) can be extracted from its structure. And these DRs can be used to identify safety problems and establish certain ... Keywords: Decision Rules, Decision Trees, Road safety, Severity, Traffic accident
Joaqu�N Abell�N, Griselda L�Pez, Juan De O�A
Santa Ana Windflow in the Newhall Pass as Determined by an Analysis of Tree Deformation
A tree deformation study was conducted in a suburban area of the Newhall Pass (located to the north of Los Angeles, California) to determine the direction and intensity of the Santa Ana windflow. Trees were used to provide the large data base ...
Donald T. Kasper
Against Classification Attacks: A Decision Tree Pruning Approach to Privacy Protection in Data Mining
Data-mining techniques can be used not only to study collective behavior about customers, but also to discover private information about individuals. In this study, we demonstrate that decision trees, a popular classification technique for data mining, ... Keywords: computers, data mining, databases/artificial intelligence, decision trees, entropy, privacy, probability, pruning, public sector, relative entropy, society
Xiao-Bai Li; Sumit Sarkar
Biomass and Bioenergy 31 (2007) 646655 Estimating biomass of individual pine trees using airborne lidar
Biomass and Bioenergy 31 (2007) 646655 Estimating biomass of individual pine trees using airborne biomass and bio-energy feedstocks. The overall goal of this study was to develop a method for assessing aboveground biomass and component biomass for individual trees using airborne lidar data in forest settings
Hardness of approximation and integer programming frameworks for searching for caterpillar trees
We consider the problems of finding a caterpillar tree in a graph. We first prove that, unless P=NP, there is no approximation algorithms for finding a minimum spanning caterpillar in a graph within a factor of f(n); where f(n) ... Keywords: approximation algorithm, caterpillar trees, integer programming, optimization, semidefinite programming
Micheal J. Dinneen, Masoud Khosravani
Enumerating edge-constrained triangulations and edge-constrained non-crossing geometric spanning trees
In this paper, we present algorithms for enumerating, without repetitions, all triangulations and non-crossing geometric spanning trees on a given set of n points in the plane under edge inclusion constraint (i.e., some edges are required to be included ... Keywords: Edge-constrained non-crossing spanning trees, Edge-constrained triangulations, Geometric enumeration
Naoki Katoh; Shin-ichi Tanigawa
CAT: a computer code for the automated construction of fault trees. [In FORTRAN
A computer code, CAT (Computer Automated Tree, is presented which applies decision table methods to model the behavior of components for systematic construction of fault trees. The decision tables for some commonly encountered mechanical and electrical components are developed; two nuclear subsystems, a Containment Spray Recirculation System and a Consequence Limiting Control System, are analyzed to demonstrate the applications of CAT code.
Apostolakis, G.E.; Salem, S.L.; Wu, J.S.
Combining lexical resources with tree edit distance for recognizing textual entailment
This paper addresses Textual Entailment (i.e. recognizing that the meaning of a text entails the meaning of another text) using a Tree Edit Distance algorithm between the syntactic trees of the two texts. A key aspect of the approach is the estimation ...
Milen Kouylekov; Bernardo Magnini
Abstract: Tracking and Visualizing Evolution of the Universe: In Situ Parallel Dark Matter Halo Merger Trees
We present a framework to study the behavior and properties of cosmological structures called dark matter halos. As part of the framework, we build an evolution history, called halo merger trees, which follows the evolution of the halos over time. The ... Keywords: parallel programming, distributed systems, feature tracking, merger tree
Jay Takle, Katrin Heitmann, Tom Peterka, Deborah Silver, George Zagaris, Salman Habib
Oblivious routing for fat-tree based system area networks with uncertain traffic demands
Fat-tree based system area networks have been widely adopted in high performance computing clusters. In such systems, the routing is often deterministic and the traffic demand is usually uncertain and changing. In this paper, we study routing performance ... Keywords: fat-tree, oblivious routing, system area networks
Xin Yuan; Wickus Nienaber; Zhenhai Duan; Rami Melhem
Decision tree classifier for network intrusion detection with GA-based feature selection
Machine Learning techniques such as Genetic Algorithms and Decision Trees have been applied to the field of intrusion detection for more than a decade. Machine Learning techniques can learn normal and anomalous patterns from training data and generate ... Keywords: decision trees, genetic algorithm, intrusion detection
Gary Stein; Bing Chen; Annie S. Wu; Kien A. Hua
Belowground and aboveground biomass in young postfire lodgepole pine forests of contrasting tree
Belowground and aboveground biomass in young postfire lodgepole pine forests of contrasting tree as 40% of live biomass in coniferous forests is located belowground, yet the effect of tree density on biomass allocation is poorly understood. We developed allometric equations using traditional harvesting
Turner, Monica G.
Tree Biomass Estimates on Forest Land in California's North Coast Region1
Tree Biomass Estimates on Forest Land in California's North Coast Region1 Tian-Ting Shih2 Tree biomass is one essential component in a forest ecosystem and is getting more attention nowadays due to its sequestration, energy production, and other natural and social resources uses and impacts. A biomass estimator
Standiford, Richard B.
Fault tree analysis and fuzzy expert systems: Early warning and emergency response of landfill operations
In this paper we argue that Early Warning Systems for engineering facilities can be developed by combining and integrating existing technologies and theories. As example, we present an efficient integration of fuzzy expert systems, fault tree analysis ... Keywords: Accidents, Early Warning System, Expert systems, Fault tree analysis, Fuzzy logic, Landfills, Operational problems, Possibility theory, Public Access to Environmental Information
I. M. Dokas; D. A. Karras; D. C. Panagiotakopoulos
Controlled generation of hard and easy Bayesian networks: Impact on maximal clique size in tree clustering
This article presents and analyzes algorithms that systematically generate random Bayesian networks of varying difficulty levels, with respect to inference using tree clustering. The results are relevant to research on efficient Bayesian network inference, ... Keywords: Bayesian networks, C/V-ratio, Controlled experiments, Maximal clique size, Probabilistic reasoning, Random generation, Tree clustering inference
Ole J. Mengshoel; David C. Wilkins; Dan Roth
Revisiting fidelity: a case of elmore-based Y-routing trees
The dominance of interconnect delay in VLSI circuit design is well-known. Construction of routing trees in recent times has to take care of the timing issues for faster design convergence. Thus there is immense scope of research in design and performance ... Keywords: Steiner trees, fidelity, rank correlation, routing
Tuhina Samanta; Prasun Ghosal; Hafizur Rahaman; Parthasarathi Dasgupta
Abundance of green tree frogs and insects in artificial canopy gaps in a bottomland hardwood forest.
Horn, Scott, James L. Hanula, Michael D. Ulyshen, and John C. Kilgo. 2005. Abundance of green tree frogs and insects in artificial canopy gaps in a bottomland hardwood forest. Am. Midl. Nat. 153:321-326. Abstract: We found more green tree frogs (Hyla cinerea) in canopy gaps than in closed canopy forest. Of the 331 green tree frogs observed, 88% were in canopy gaps. Likewise, higher numbers and biomasses of insects were captured in the open gap habitat. Flies were the most commonly collected insect group accounting for 54% of the total capture. These data suggest that one reason green tree frogs were more abundant in canopy gaps was the increased availability of prey and that small canopy gaps provide early successional habitats that are beneficial to green tree frog populations.
Horn, Scott; Hanula, James L.; Ulyshen, Michael D.; Kilgo, John C.
Coherent Region-, Species-, and Frequency-Dependent Local Climate Signals in Northern Hemisphere Tree-Ring Widths
Patterns of correlation between tree rings and local temperature or precipitation are investigated using 762 International Tree-Ring Data Bank standardized ring width site chronology time series, and a gridded dataset of temperature and ...
Justin J. Wettstein; Jeremy S. Littell; John M. Wallace; Ze�ev Gedalof
Global Percent Tree Cover at a Spatial Resolution of 500 Meters: First Results of the MODIS Vegetation Continuous Fields Algorithm
The first results of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation continuous field algorithm's global percent tree cover are presented. Percent tree cover per 500-m MODIS pixel is estimated using a supervised regression ...
M. C. Hansen; R. S. DeFries; J. R. G. Townshend; M. Carroll; C. Dimiceli; R. A. Sohlberg
Implicit Renewal Theory and Power Tails on Trees
We extend Goldie's (1991) Implicit Renewal Theorem to enable the analysis of recursions on weighted branching trees. We illustrate the developed method by deriving the power tail asymptotics of the distributions of the solutions R to: R =_D sum_{i=1}^N C_i R_i + Q, R =_D max(max_{i=1}^N C_i R_i, Q), and similar recursions, where (Q, N, C_1,..., C_N) is a nonnegative random vector with N in {0, 1, 2, 3, ..., infinity}, and {R_i}_{i >= 1} are iid copies of R, independent of (Q, N, C_1,..., C_N); =_D denotes the equality in distribution.
Jelenkovi?, Predrag R
Answer extraction as sequence tagging with tree edit distance
Our goal is to extract answers from preretrieved sentences for Question Answering (QA). We construct a linear-chain Conditional Random Field based on pairs of questions and their possible answer sentences, learning the association between questions and answer types. This casts answer extraction as an answer sequence tagging problem for the first time, where knowledge of shared structure between question and source sentence is incorporated through features based on Tree Edit Distance (TED). Our model is free of manually created question and answer templates, fast to run (processing 200 QA pairs per second excluding parsing time), and yields an F1 of 63.3 % on a new public dataset based on prior TREC QA evaluations. The developed system is open-source, and includes an implementation of the TED model that is state of the art in the task of ranking QA pairs. 1
Xuchen Yao; Benjamin Van Durme; Chris Callison-burch; Peter Clark
Lignin and lignosulfonates -- From the tree to the battery
Lignin is the second most abundant, naturally occurring polymer. It is second only to its partner in the tree, cellulose. The paper-making industry has perfected several ways to economically free the cellulose from nature's glue, the lignin. The different pulping processes yield vastly different lignins. Various wood products, lignins and their derivatives have been used extensively in lead acid batteries. Starting with wood separators used in the early 1920's to specialized lignosulfonates currently used as the organic component of the negative plate expander formulations in lead acid batteries. This paper will give an overview of the two most prevalent routes currently used for pulping by the paper-making industry. This paper will then review the process used by Westvaco Corporation to isolate and modify the resulting lignin. It will conclude with the work done to synthesize and evaluate KRAFTPLEX{trademark}, a new lignosulfonate for use in negative plate expander formulations.
Cosgrove, J.P.
Terrestrial laser scanning for measuring the solid wood volume, including branches, of adult standing trees in the forest environment
This study evaluates the potential of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to assess the solid wood volume (i.e., stem and branch diameters of more than 7cm) of adult standing trees in the forest environment. The solid wood volume of 42 trees of different ... Keywords: 3D tree modelling, Forestry, LiDAR, Terrestrial laser scanning, Wood volume
Mathieu Dassot; Aur�Lie Colin; Philippe Santenoise; Meriem Fournier; Thi�Ry Constant
Creating ensembles of oblique decision trees with evolutionary algorithms and sampling
A decision tree system that is part of a parallel object-oriented pattern recognition system, which in turn is part of an object oriented data mining system. A decision tree process includes the step of reading the data. If necessary, the data is sorted. A potential split of the data is evaluated according to some criterion. An initial split of the data is determined. The final split of the data is determined using evolutionary algorithms and statistical sampling techniques. The data is split. Multiple decision trees are combined in ensembles.
Cantu-Paz, Erick (Oakland, CA); Kamath, Chandrika (Tracy, CA)
A DOM tree alignment model for mining parallel data from the Web
This paper presents a new web mining scheme for parallel data acquisition. Based on the Document Object Model (DOM), a web page is represented as a DOM tree. Then a DOM tree alignment model is proposed to identify the translationally equivalent texts and hyperlinks between two parallel DOM trees. By tracing the identified parallel hyperlinks, parallel web documents are recursively mined. Compared with previous mining schemes, the benchmarks show that this new mining scheme improves the mining coverage, reduces mining bandwidth, and enhances the quality of mined parallel sentences. 1
Lei Shi; Cheng Niu; Ming Zhou; Jianfeng Gao
Topological mapping for limited sensing mobile robots using the Probabilistic Gap Navigation Tree
This thesis proposes a novel structure for robotic navigation with minimal sensing abilities called the Probabilistic Gap Navigation Tree (PGNT). In this navigation approach, we create a topological map of the environment ...
Gordeski, Valerie
The Minimum Spanning Tree Histogram as a Verification Tool for Multidimensional Ensemble Forecasts
The minimum spanning tree (MST) histogram is a multivariate extension of the ideas behind the conventional scalar rank histogram. It tabulates the frequencies, over n forecast occasions, of the rank of the MST length for each ensemble, within the ...
D. S. Wilks
As part of the 30th American Meteorological Society Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida in April 2012, an academic lineage (�family tree�) of that community was presented to document the history of contributors ...
An Efficient Method for Exploring the Space of Gene Tree/Species ...
Jan 19, 2010 ... If one is interested in the posterior probability distribution of a subset of .... loss rates along each branch of S, the generation of a gene tree starts.
The HybridTree: a hybrid constructive shape representation for free-form modeling
In this paper, we describe a hybrid modeling framework for creating complex 3D objects incrementally. Our system relies on an extended CSG tree that assembles skeletal implicit primitives, triangle meshes and point set models in a coherent fashion: we ...
R�mi All�gre; Eric Galin; Rapha�lle Chaine; Samir Akkouche
Randomised Polya Tree Models for Nonparametric Bayesian Inference, Statistica Sinica 13
Summary. This paper is concerned with developing methodological aspects of multivariate Polya trees for density estimation and prediction. A simulation scheme for exploring conditional relationships among � variables is developed. To address the issue of �partition dependence� � an outstanding limitation of Polya trees and other partition-based models � we develop Randomised Polya Trees. This new framework inherits the structure of Polya trees but �jitters� partition points and as a result smooths discontinuities in predictive distributions. Some of the theoretical aspects of the new framework are developed, followed by discussion of methodological and computational issues arising in implementation. Examples of data analyses and prediction problems are provided to highlight issues of Bayesian inference in this context, and
Susan Paddock; Fabrizio Ruggeri; Michael Lavine
A 431-Yr Reconstruction of Western Colorado Snowpack from Tree Rings
A tree-ring-based reconstruction for 1 April snow water equivalent (SWE) is generated for the Gunnison River basin region in western Colorado. The reconstruction explains 63% of the variance in the instrumental record and extends from 1569 to ...
Connie A. Woodhouse
The Tree-Ring Record of Drought on the Canadian Prairies
Ring-width data from 138 sites in the Canadian Prairie Provinces and adjacent regions are used to estimate summer drought severity during the past several hundred years. The network was divided into five regional groups based on geography, tree ...
Scott St. George; David M. Meko; Martin-Philippe Girardin; Glen M. MacDonald; Erik Nielsen; Greg T. Pederson; David J. Sauchyn; Jacques C. Tardif; Emma Watson
Tree-Ring-Reconstructed Summer Temperatures from Northwestern North America during the Last Nine Centuries
Northwestern North America has one of the highest rates of recent temperature increase in the world, but the putative �divergence problem� in dendroclimatology potentially limits the ability of tree-ring proxy data at high latitudes to provide ...
Kevin J. Anchukaitis; Rosanne D. D�Arrigo; Laia Andreu-Hayles; David Frank; Anne Verstege; Ashley Curtis; Brendan M. Buckley; Gordon C. Jacoby; Edward R. Cook
Large-Scale Precipitation Variability over Northwest China Inferred from Tree Rings
A preliminary study of a point-by-point spatial precipitation reconstruction for northwestern (NW) China is explored, based on a tree-ring network of 132 chronologies. Precipitation variations during the past ~200�400 yr (the common reconstruction ...
Keyan Fang; Xiaohua Gou; Fahu Chen; Edward Cook; Jinbao Li; Brendan Buckley; Rosanne D�Arrigo
Drought Recurrence in the Great Plains as Reconstructedfrom Long-Term Tree-Ring Records
Recently collected tree-ring data were used to reconstruct drought from 1700 to the present in four regionsflanking the Great Plains. Regions were centered in Iowa, Oklahoma, eastern Montana and eastern Wyoming.Reconstructions derived by multiple ...
Charles W. Stockton; David M. Meko
Combining Lagrangian decomposition with an evolutionary algorithm for the knapsack constrained maximum spanning tree problem
We present a Lagrangian decomposition approach for the Knapsack Constrained Maximum Spanning Tree problem yielding upper bounds as well as heuristic solutions. This method is further combined with an evolutionary algorithm to a sequential hybrid approach. ...
Sandro Pirkwieser; G�nther R. Raidl; Jakob Puchinger
A global typology of cities : classification tree analysis of urban resource consumption
A study was carried out to develop a typology of urban metabolic (or resource consumption) profiles for 155 globally representative cities. Classification tree analysis was used to develop a model for determining how certain ...
Saldivar-Sali, Artessa Niccola D., 1980-
A Graphical Approach to a Model of Neuronal Tree with Variable Diameter
We propose a simple graphical approach to steady state solutions of the cable equation for a general model of dendritic tree with tapering. A simple case of transient solutions is also briefly discussed.
Marco Herrera-Valdez; Sergei K. Suslov
A Tree-Ring-Based Reconstruction of Delaware River Basin Streamflow Using Hierarchical Bayesian Regression
A hierarchical Bayesian regression model is presented for reconstructing the average summer streamflow at five gauges in the Delaware River basin using eight regional tree-ring chronologies. The model provides estimates of the posterior ...
Naresh Devineni; Upmanu Lall; Neil Pederson; Edward Cook
Using disaggregation to link individual-tree and whole-stand growth models
., and Newberry, J.D. 1994. Effects of inter- mediate silvicultural treatments on the distribution of within.A., and Newberry, J.D. 1993. Disaggregating stand volume growth to individual trees. For. Sci. 39: 295308. © 2006
Water Supplies to the Great Lakes�Reconstructed from Tree-Rings
Correlations between the water supplies to each of the Great Lakes and prewhitened tree-ring chronologies from 16 sites around the Great Lakes suggested some strong associations for the summer months, particularly June and July. Some of these ...
W. A. R. Brinkmann
Analysis of full waveform LIDAR data for the classification of deciduous and coniferous trees
The paper describes a methodology for tree species classification using features that are derived from small-footprint full waveform Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) data. First, 3-dimensional coordinates of the laser beam reflections, the intensity, ...
J. Reitberger; P. Krzystek; U. Stilla
Risk haplotype pattern discovery for gene mapping by recursive partitioning method based on weighted classification trees
In this paper, we present a combinatorial approach based on recursive weighted longest prefix trees (RWLPT) for mining a massive genetic marker data. Given a case and a control chromosome dataset, we develop a fast recursive permutation algorithm ... Keywords: combinatorial optimisation, disease susceptibility genes, gene mapping, genetic markers, haplotype clusters, haplotype-disease association, multilocus SNP analysis, non-numerical algorithms, recursive partitioning, risk haplotype pattern discovery, weighted classification trees
Tran Trang; Hoang Ngoc Minh
Ambrosia Beetle (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Species, Flight, and Attack on Living Eastern Cottonwood Trees.
ABSTRACT In spring 2002, ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) infested an intensively managed 22-ha tree plantation on the upper coastal plain of South Carolina. Nearly 3,500 scolytids representing 28 species were captured in ethanol-baited traps from 18 June 2002 to 18 April 2004. More than 88% of total captures were exotic species. Five species [Dryoxylon onoharaensum (Murayama), Euwallacea validus (Eichhoff), Pseudopityophthorus minutissimus (Zimmermann), Xyleborus atratus Eichhoff, and Xyleborus impressus Eichhoff]) were collected in South Carolina for the �?�?�?�?rst time. Of four tree species in the plantation, eastern cottonwood, Populus deltoides Bartram, was the only one attacked, with nearly 40% of the trees sustaining ambrosia beetle damage. Clone ST66 sustained more damage than clone S7C15. ST66 trees receiving fertilization were attacked more frequently than trees receiving irrigation, irrigation_fertilization, or controls, although the number of S7C15 trees attacked did not differ among treatments. The study location is near major shipping ports; our results demonstrate the necessity for intensive monitoring programs to determine the arrival, spread, ecology, and impact of exotic scolytids.
D.R. Coyle; D.C. Booth: M.S. Wallace
Split and Join: Strong Partitions and Universal Steiner Trees for Graphs
We study the problem of constructing universal Steiner trees for undirected graphs. Given a graph $G$ and a root node $r$, we seek a single spanning tree $T$ of minimum stretch, where the stretch of $T$ is defined to be the maximum ratio, over all subsets of terminals $X$, of the ratio of the cost of the sub-tree $T_X$ that connects $r$ to $X$ to the cost of an optimal Steiner tree connecting $X$ to $r$. Universal Steiner trees (USTs) are important for data aggregation problems where computing the Steiner tree from scratch for every input instance of terminals is costly, as for example in low energy sensor network applications. We provide a polynomial time UST construction for general graphs with $2^{O(\\sqrt{\\log n})}$-stretch. We also give a polynomial time polylogarithmic-stretch construction for minor-free graphs. One basic building block in our algorithm is a hierarchy of graph partitions, each of which guarantees small strong cluster diameter and bounded local neighbourhood intersections. Our partition h...
Busch, Costas; Radhakrishnan, Jaikumar; Rajaraman, Rajmohan; Srinivasagopalan, Srivathsan
Systems analysis programs for hands-on integrated reliability evaluations (SAPHIRE) Version 5.0. Fault tree, event tree, and piping & instrumentation diagram (FEP) editors reference manual: Volume 7
The Systems Analysis Programs for Hands-on Integrated Reliability Evaluations (SAPHIRE) refers to a set of several microcomputer programs that were developed to create and analyze probabilistic risk assessments (PRAs), primarily for nuclear power plants. The Fault Tree, Event Tree, and Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (FEP) editors allow the user to graphically build and edit fault trees, and event trees, and piping and instrumentation diagrams (P and IDs). The software is designed to enable the independent use of the graphical-based editors found in the Integrated Reliability and Risk Assessment System (IRRAS). FEP is comprised of three separate editors (Fault Tree, Event Tree, and Piping and Instrumentation Diagram) and a utility module. This reference manual provides a screen-by-screen guide of the entire FEP System.
McKay, M.K.; Skinner, N.L.; Wood, S.T. [EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States)
Tree species distribution in relation to stem hydraulic traits and soil moisture in a mixed hardwood forest in central Pennsylvania.
??The hydraulic architecture of a tree could contribute to its ability to tolerate drier soils by increasing resistance to xylem cavitation and improving the efficiency� (more)
Wubbels, Jane
Cultural and management practices for the Chinese tallow tree as a biomass fuel source: Final report, 1978-1984
The growth and cultural conditions of the Chinese tallow tree, Sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb., were studied over a 6-year period. Plots from seeds or seedlings at designated densities and plots established in natural stands were studied. The maximum growth rate of the Chinese tallow tree in a marginal soil near the Texas gulf coast was 10 to 15 dry tons/hectare/year. The young trees were able to withstand long periods of flooding as well as extended dry periods. The tree species also is resistant to diseases and pathogens. The Chinese tallow tree is particularly adaptable to close spacing, direct seeding, coppicing, and short-rotation growth cycles. These factors all favor the economic usefulness of the tree as a bioenergy species. In addition, the tallow tree is economically valuable in honey production and as a chemical feedstock. Fertilization is important during the early phases of stand establishment but has diminished usefulness in subsequent years. The Chinese tallow tree appears to be an excellent bioenergy species in the southern coastal areas of the United States and especially in marginal soils. The Chinese tallow tree has the potential of producing 15 to 20 tons/hectare annually by coppicing on a 5- to 8-year rotation at close spacings. 12 figs., 12 tabs.
Cowles, J.R.; Scheld, H.W.
The X-tree: An Index Structure for High-Dimensional Data
In this paper, we propose a new method for indexing large amounts of point and spatial data in highdimensional space. An analysis shows that index structures such as the R*-tree are not adequate for indexing high-dimensional data sets. The major problem of R-tree-based index structures is the overlap of the bounding boxes in the directory, which increases with growing dimension. To avoid this problem, we introduce a new organization of the directory which uses a split algorithm minimizing overlap and additionally utilizes the concept of supernodes. The basic idea of overlap-minimizing split and supernodes is to keep the directory as hierarchical as possible, and at the same time to avoid splits in the directory that would result in high overlap. Our experiments show that for high-dimensional data, the X-tree outperforms the well-known R*-tree and the TV-tree by up to two orders of magnitude. 1. Introduction In many applications, indexing of high-dimensional data has become increasingl...
Stefan Berchtold; Daniel A. Keim; Hans-Peter Kriegel
Fault tree analysis of the EBR-II reactor shutdown system
As part of the level I Probabilistic Risk Assessment of the Experimental Breeder Reactor II (EBR-II), detailed fault trees for the reactor shutdown system are developed. Fault tree analysis is performed for two classes of transient events that are of particular importance to EBR-II operation: loss-of-flow and transient-overpower. In all parts of EBR-II reactor shutdown system, redundancy has been utilized in order to reduce scram failure probability. Therefore, heavy emphasis is placed in the fault trees on the common cause failures (CCFs) among similar mechanical components of the control and safety rods and among similar electrical components in redundant detection channels and shutdown strings. Generic beta-factors that cover all types of similar components and reflect redundancy level are used to model the CCFs. Human errors are addressed in the fault trees in two major areas: errors that would prevent the automatic scram channels from detecting the abnormal events and errors that would prevent utilization of the manual scram capability. The fault tree analysis of the EBR-II shutdown system has provided not only a systematic process for calculating the probabilities of system failures but also useful insights into the system and how its elements interact during transient events that require shutdown.
Kamal, S.A.; Hill, D.J.
Correlations and periodicities in Himalayan tree ring widths and temperature anomalies through wavelets
We have studied periodicities and correlation properties of tree ring width chronology of deodar tree from Joshimath (1584 - 1999 years) and Uttarkashi (1500 - 2002 years) in the western Himalayas and the pre-monsoon (March-April-May) temperature anomalies (1876 - 2003) relative to 1961 -1990 mean, through wavelet analysis. Periodic behavior is observed in the tree ring chronology with periodicity in the form 11, 22, and 42 years. The analysis of the self-similar nature reveals long-range correlation with a Hurst exponent, $H >0.5$. These are anti-correlated with the temperature anomalies. An interesting inversion behavior is observed around the year 1750. The power spectral analysis of the time series corroborate the results of wavelet method.
Prasanta K. Panigrahi; P. Manimaran; Ananth Lakhmi; Ram R. Yadav
Genome resequencing reveals multiscale geographic structure and extensive linkage disequilibrium in the forest tree Populus trichocarpa
Population genomics of forest trees provides crucial information for breeding, conservation, and bioenergy feedstock development. As part of a large-scale association study, we resequenced 16 genomes of the model tree Populus trichocarpa to an average depth of 39 . Analyses of the resulting data revealed surprisingly extensive population genetic structure and decay of linkage disequilibrium over much larger physical distances than the expected based on previous, smaller-scale studies. Rates of recombination varied widely across the genome but were largely predictable based on DNA sequence and methylation patterns. Our results suggest that genomewide association studies and accurate prediction of phenotypes from DNA data are more feasible in Populus than previously assumed, thereby laying the foundation for a step change in our understanding of tree biology.
Slavov, Gancho [West Virginia University; DiFazio, Stephen P [West Virginia University; Martin, Joel R [ORNL; Schackwitz, Wendy [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Muchero, Wellington [ORNL; Rodgers-Melnick, Eli [West Virginia University; Lipphardt, Mindie [West Virginia University; Pennacchio, Christa [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Hellsten, Uffe [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Pennacchio, Len [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Gunter, Lee [ORNL; Ranjan, Priya [ORNL; Strauss, Steven [Oregon State University, Corvallis; Rokhsar, Daniel [U.S. Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute; Tuskan, Gerald A [ORNL
The critical Ising model on trees, concave recursions and nonlinear capacity
We consider the Ising model on a general tree under various boundary conditions: all plus, free and spin-glass. In each case, we determine when the root is influenced by the boundary values in the limit as the boundary recedes to infinity. We obtain exact capacity criteria that govern behavior at critical temperatures. For plus boundary conditions, an $L^3$ capacity arises. In particular, on a spherically symmetric tree that has $n^{\\alpha}b^n$ vertices at level $n$ (up to bounded factors), we prove that there is a unique Gibbs measure for the ferromagnetic Ising model at the relevant critical temperature if and only if $\\alpha\\le1/2$. Our proofs are based on a new link between nonlinear recursions on trees and $L^p$ capacities.
Robin Pemantle; Yuval Peres
Food and petroleum resources from the Chinese tallow tree. Phase 2. Final report
The general data base on the biology of the Chinese tallow tree (sapium sebiferum (L.) Roxb.) was expanded and specific data regarding its genetics and ecology were developed. A morphmetric study and a genetic characterization of the tree was made via isozyme electrophoresis as a basis for a crop-improvement program. Both flowers and seeds were analyzed electrophoretically. Observations were begun of the environmental effects of tallow forest and assessment of possible monoculture effects aimed at predicting impact upon the human environment and predicting potential pest and disease problems associated with large-scale cultivation of the tree. Average temperature was slightly higher in a prairie near the tallow forest, but probably was not different enough to adversely effect prairie organisms.
Scheld, H.W.; Cameron, G.N.; Lester, L.J.; Mason, S.I.
Researchers Borrow From Fir Tree to Create Biodiesel | Department of Energy
Researchers Borrow From Fir Tree to Create Biodiesel Researchers Borrow From Fir Tree to Create Biodiesel Researchers Borrow From Fir Tree to Create Biodiesel December 12, 2011 - 3:59pm Addthis Rajit Sapar analyzes samples at the Joint BioEnergy Institute's lab. | Photo by Roy Kaltschmidt at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Rajit Sapar analyzes samples at the Joint BioEnergy Institute's lab. | Photo by Roy Kaltschmidt at Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. Charles Rousseaux Charles Rousseaux Senior Writer, Office of Science One of the best parts of the season - next to presents of course - is the hint of evergreen in the air. Yet the sweet smell doesn't last. It fades into forgotten corners, along with unused gift cards. But it doesn't have to be that way. In fact, researchers at the Office of Science's Joint BioEnergy Institute (JBEI) have discovered a way to keep
Mapping Poplar Tree Proteins | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Office of Science (SC) Website
Mapping Poplar Tree Proteins Mapping Poplar Tree Proteins Biological and Environmental Research (BER) BER Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Searchable Archive of BER Highlights External link Benefits of BER Funding Opportunities Biological & Environmental Research Advisory Committee (BERAC) News & Resources Contact Information Biological and Environmental Research U.S. Department of Energy SC-23/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3251 F: (301) 903-5051 E: email@example.com More Information » October 2012 Mapping Poplar Tree Proteins Proteome atlas offers new view of bioenergy crop's molecular machinery. Print Text Size: A A A Subscribe FeedbackShare Page Click to enlarge photo. Enlarge Photo Image courtesy of Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Can't See the Forest for the Trees | Department of Energy
Can't See the Forest for the Trees Can't See the Forest for the Trees Can't See the Forest for the Trees November 1, 2011 - 7:30am Addthis Stephanie Price Communicator, National Renewable Energy Laboratory One thing I've been putting off doing is an energy assessment. I don't know why - my utility company offers them for FREE! I've done a few things around the house, like putting insulation behind all the light and plug switch plates I can get at and replacing the insulation around the outside doors and under one garage door, closing off rooms that aren't used very often, setting back the programmable thermostat, replacing almost all the indoor lights with CFLs - really basic things like that. Plus, my house was built in 1982, during the last oil crisis/renewable energy drive, so it has double paned windows already
Cool Materials and Shade Trees : Technologies : From the Lab to the
Cool Materials and Shade Trees Cool Materials and Shade Trees From the Lab to the Marketplace Ten Years Later, Energy Efficient Technologies from Research at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley Lab logo (left) with six rows of gray dots transitioning to a line art drawing of a cityscape and residential houses. Cool Materials and Shade Trees On a clear summer afternoon, the air in a typical city is about 3K (5°F) warmer than that in the surrounding countryside. This phenomenon, known as the summer urban heat island, results from a lack of vegetation and a prevalence of dark surfaces in cities. Urban heat islands can be uncomfortable, aggravate heat-related illnesses, and make heat waves more deadly. Higher air temperatures also accelerate smog formation and increase
Voluntary Agreements to Improve Environmental Quality: Are late joiners the free riders?
Database of States Incentives for Renewable Energy (DSIRE).state had an RPS in place and 0 if not, using the Database of State Incentives for Renewable Energy (
Delmas, Magali A; Montes, Maria J.
Derek Templet, PharmD Anne Elise Rider, PharmD
i. Estimated annual labor cost of $216 MILLION for all health systems nationwide c. Adequacy (cGMPs) i. Outdated equipment or processes ii. Complex manufacturing processes ! i.e. monoclonal,3 1. Impact on manufacturers and suppliers a. Noncompliance with current good manufacturing processes
Pillow, Jonathan
Department of Mechanical Engineering Fall 2012 Roller Coaster Restraint System for Riders with Disabilities
the train seat. The estimated cost of implementation is approximately $186.69 excluding labor and machining with Disabilities Overview The restraint system of a roller coaster is one of the most vital pieces of equipment and unloading process. Approach The customer needs were determined through a site visit with Premier Rides
Demirel, Melik C.
Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Form Number 1 (U.S.DOE, FERC Form 1, from the U.S. Energy InformationRegulatory Commission (FERC) Form 1 database. industry. We
At the Savannah River Site (SRS), a Department of Energy (DOE) installation in west-central South Carolina there is a unique geologic stratum that exists at depth that has the potential to cause surface settlement resulting from a seismic event. In the past the particular stratum in question has been remediated via pressure grouting, however the benefits of remediation have always been debatable. Recently the SRS has attempted to frame the issue in terms of risk via an event tree or logic tree analysis. This paper describes that analysis, including the input data required.
Williams, R
Elevated CO2 increases tree-level intrinsic water use efficiency: insights from carbon and oxygen isotope analyses in tree rings across three forest FACE sites
Elevated CO2 increases intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) of forests, but the magnitude of this effect and its interaction with climate is still poorly understood. We combined tree ring analysis with isotope measurements at three Free Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE, POP-EUROFACE, in Italy; Duke FACE in North Carolina and ORNL in Tennessee, USA) sites, to cover the entire life of the trees. We used 13C to assess carbon isotope discrimination ( 13C ci/ca) and changes in WUEi, while direct CO2 effects on stomatal conductance were explored using 18O as a proxy. Across all the sites, elevated CO2 increased 13C-derived WUEi on average by 73% for Liquidambar styraciflua, 77% for Pinus taeda and 75% for Populus sp., but through different ecophysiological mechanisms. Our findings provide a robust means of predicting WUEi responses from a variety of tree species exposed to variable environmental conditions over time, and species-specific relationships that can help modeling elevated CO2 and climate impacts on forest productivity, carbon and water balances.
Battipaglia, Giovanna [Second University of Naples; Saurer, Matthias [Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland; Cherubini, Paulo [WSL Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research; Califapietra, Carlo [University of Tuscia; McCarthy, Heather R [Duke University; Norby, Richard J [ORNL; Cotrufo, M. Francesca [Colorado State University, Fort Collins
Mapping Tropical Forest Trees Using High-Resolution Aerial Digital Photographs Carol X. Garzon-Lopez1,5
-scale tree distri- butions. At Barro Colorado Island, Panama, we used high-resolution aerial digital is available in the online version of this article. Key words: Barro Colorado Island; high-resolution aerialMapping Tropical Forest Trees Using High-Resolution Aerial Digital Photographs Carol X. Garzon
Bermingham, Eldredge
Classification of Markov processes of M/G/1 type with a tree structure and its applications to queueing models
This paper studies the classification problem of Markov processes of M/G/1 type with a tree structure. It is shown that the classification of positive recurrence, null recurrence, and transience of the Markov processes of interest is determined completely ... Keywords: Lyapunov function, Markov process, Mean drift method, Null recurrence, Positive recurrence, Queueing theory, Transience, Tree structure
Qi-Ming He
Transition Time Bounded Low-power Clock Tree Construction Min Pan, Chris Chong-Nuen Chu and J. Morris Chang
Transition Time Bounded Low-power Clock Tree Construction Min Pan, Chris Chong-Nuen Chu and J signal extremely tight. Hence, it is necessary to have transition time bounds to construct low-power clock trees in high performance systems. In this paper, we formulate the transition time bounded low-power
Chu, Chris C.-N.
Chemical calls for help from trees in the forest are they heard and how can we utilize them?
Chemical calls for help from trees in the forest are they heard and how can we utilize them Chemical Calls for help in the forest - Forest Research - NRS Eggs Fungi Bacteria Viruses Gallers UV Surface feeders Phloem suckers Xylems suckers Eggs Specific defense / response of the tree Chemical Calls
An economic analysis of land use alternatives on CRP land trees after the CRP contracts expire in east Texas
Landowners who have planted trees on CRP land must decide whether to retain the trees or divert land to others uses after the contracts expire. An economic tool is developed to assist landowners in making the most profitable choice between retaining trees to produce sawlogs or pulpwood and reverting land to crops, corn, cotton, sorghum and wheat. A generic theoretical framework is formulated to compare various land use alternatives. Several scenarios are formulated to incorporate the changing patterns of variables and to examine the sensitivity of the outcome to these changes. The influence of implementing the conservation compliance plan (CCP) is also examined. The time frame of the analysis is determined by the financially optimal. single rotation length of the tree stand. The real discounted revenues of the land use alternatives, based in 1993, are compared on a per-acre basis. The results indicate that retaining trees on post-CRP land is a better option than reverting land to corn, cotton without a CCP, sorghum, or wheat under all scenarios. However, when compared with reverting land to cotton with a CCP, retaining trees does not seem to be a profitable land use alternative under several of the scenarios. Given that a large proportion of the land going into CRP in east Texas is wheat acres, it seems likely that majority of the CRP land in trees is going to be retained in trees upon expiration of contracts.
Arekere, Marigowda Dhananjaya
Solar and volcanic fingerprints in tree-ring chronologies over the past 2000 years Petra Breitenmoser a,b,
Solar and volcanic fingerprints in tree-ring chronologies over the past 2000 years Petra Climate variability Tree-ring proxies DeVries solar cycle Volcanic activity Past two millennia The Sun cli- mate forcings to continuing global warming. To properly address long-term fingerprints of solar
Wehrli, Bernhard
MARK-OPT: A Concurrency Control Protocol for Parallel B-Tree Structures to Reduce the Cost of SMOs
In this paper, we propose a new concurrency control protocol for parallel B-tree structures capable reducing the cost of structure-modification-operation (SMO) compared to the conventional protocols such as ARIES/IM and INC-OPT. We call this protocol ... Keywords: B-tree, concurrency control, index, latch, parallel DB
Tomohiro Yoshihara; Dai Kobayashi; Haruo Yokota
Feasibility of High-Density Climate Reconstruction Based on Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) Collected Tree-Ring Data
This study introduces a novel tree-ring dataset, with unparalleled spatial density, for use as a climate proxy. Ancillary Douglas fir and pi�on pine tree-ring data collected by the U.S. Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis Program (FIA ...
R. Justin DeRose; Shih-Yu Wang; John D. Shaw
Ancient Austrocedrus Tree-Ring Chronologies Used to Reconstruct Central Chile Precipitation Variability from a.d. 1200 to 2000
An expanded network of moisture-sensitive tree-ring chronologies has been developed for central Chile from long-lived cypress trees in the Andean Cordillera. A regional ring width chronology of cypress sites has been used to develop well-...
Carlos Le Quesne; David W. Stahle; Malcolm K. Cleaveland; Matthew D. Therrell; Juan Carlos Aravena; Jonathan Barichivich
Study of Fault Diagnosis Model of Oil-Immersed Transformer Based on SVM Binary Tree with Combinatorial FKCM
This paper presents an improved binary tree algorithm for the compactness characteristics of the data sets of oil-immersed transformer in the pattern feature space. In order to improve the classification accuracy, the conception of combination is introduced ... Keywords: improved binary tree algorithm, Fuzzy means kernel clustering, SVM classifier
Liu Donghui; Sun Xiaoyun; Bian Jianpeng; Fu Ping
Ecosystem Services Decision Tree: A Decision-Support Tool for Consideration of Ecosystem Services in the Electric Power Industry
To support the electric power industry in more structured consideration of ecosystem services, EPRI has developed this �Decision Tree� to determine why, when, and how to consider ecosystem services. EPRI anticipates that this Decision Tree will facilitate more efficient decision-making and action relating to ecosystem services.�
Ballast Accidents Analysis and Evaluation of Urban Rail Transit Based on Method of Causality Analysis and Faulty Tree Analysis
Ballast casualty often incurs severe sequence once takes place, such as abnormal operation,, personnel injury or even death accident , especially for lines below grade. Causality Analysis and Fault Tree analysis method is applied to research of personnel ... Keywords: ballast accident, causality analysis, faulty tree analysis, urban rail transit
Jing He; Zhi-gang Liu
Stem Densities of Trees from Overstocked Mixed Conifer Stands of Western Hemlock, Douglas-fir and Western Redcedar.
This report presents results from a stem density (wood and bark combined) study conducted on trees from overstocked mixed conifer stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and western redcedar (Thuja plicata) located on the Quilcene Ranger District, Olympic National Forest in the State of Washington. Information on the density of stem wood that is available in literature generally have been derived from trees growing in stands of normal stocking levels. Stem densities, an essential parameter in the determination of stem biomass, have not been investigated for trees growing in overstocked conditions. Predictive estimators of density based on data derived from studies of normally stocked stands can not be applied to trees growing in an overstocked condition with any reliability. There is need to specifically examine stem densities in trees grown under these adverse conditions. 3 refs., 3 tabs.
Pong, W.Y.; Waddell, Dale R.; Biomass and Energy Project (Portland, Or.)
Data:F8db080b-acf3-400e-bf0c-8a36a940823b | Open Energy Information
demands prior to any load modifications effected under this Rider, exceed 100 and 300 kilowatts, respectively. This Rider cannot be used in conjunction with Rider T, Rider I,...
A review of methods and applications of the geometric characterization of tree crops in agricultural activities
This paper presents the foundations and applications in agriculture of the main systems used for the geometrical characterization of tree plantations, including systems based on ultrasound, digital photographic techniques, light sensors, high-resolution ... Keywords: 3D plant modeling, LIDAR, Stereo vision, Terrestrial laser scanning, Ultrasonic sensors, Variable application
J. R. Rosell; R. Sanz
Introduction to MDSplus Terminology and Tools Elements of an MDSplus Tree
with TCL Scope and Pad Pad button grids and Scope displays Setting up the Data Source Copying from a Pad Terminology and Tools for NSTX February 2, 1999 7 On the following page, the TCL utility shows the same Terminology and Tools 8 February 2, 1999 BIRCH$ tcl TCL> set tree nstx/shot=-1 TCL> dir \\NSTX::TOP :LONGSHOT
Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory
Total System Cost Analysis of Master-Slave Multi-super-Hypercube DX-tree Architecture
In recent years the area of High Performance Computing (HPC) has received an outstanding support both from the users as well as the computer system designers. This support is mainly due to the increase of the complexity and density of the data processing ... Keywords: DX-Tree architecture, XTree architecture, cost analysis, high performance computing, super-hypercube architecture
Hamid Abachi
Detecting information technology impact on firm performance using DEA and decision tree
In a modern organisation, it is crucial and common for managers to effectively detect the impact of Information Technology (IT) on firm performance. This allows companies to maintain a competitive edge in rapidly changing business environments ... Keywords: DEA, IT impact, classification, data envelopment analysis, decision tree, decison making, firm performance, information technology, organisational performance
Desheng Wu
Balanced binary trees for ID management and load balance in distributed hash tables
We present a low-cost, decentralized algorithm for ID management in distributed hash tables (DHTs) managed by a dynamic set of hosts. Each host is assigned an ID in the unit interval [0, 1). At any time, the set of IDs splits the interval into disjoint ... Keywords: DHT, ID management, P2P, binary tree, distributed hash table, load balance, peer to peer
Gurmeet Singh Manku
Interpretation of complex scenes using dynamic tree-structure Bayesian networks
This paper addresses the problem of object detection and recognition in complex scenes, where objects are partially occluded. The approach presented herein is based on the hypothesis that a careful analysis of visible object details at various scales ... Keywords: Bayesian networks, Dynamic trees, Generative models, Image segmentation, Object recognition, Variational inference
Sinisa Todorovic; Michael C. Nechyba
Towards case-based parsing: are chunks reliable indicators for syntax trees?
This paper presents an approach to the question whether it is possible to construct a parser based on ideas from case-based reasoning. Such a parser would employ a partial analysis of the input sentence to select a (nearly) complete syntax tree and then ...
Sandra K�bler
Fault-tree analysis for liquefied natural gas terminal emergency shutdown system
Natural gas, one of the cleanest, most efficient and useful of all energy sources, is a vital component of the world's supply of energy. To make natural gas more convenient for storage and transportation, it is refined and condensed into a liquid called ... Keywords: Emergency shutdown system, Fault-tree analysis, Intuitionistic fuzzy sets theory, Liquefied natural gas, Probability
Shuen-Ren Cheng; Binshan Lin; Bi-Min Hsu; Ming-Hung Shu
Analyzing the techniques that improve fault tolerance of aggregation trees in sensor networks
Sensor networks are finding significant applications in large scale distributed systems. One of the basic operations in sensor networks is in-network aggregation. Among the various approaches to in-network aggregation, such as gossip and tree, including ... Keywords: Aggregation, Fault tolerance, Modeling faults, Reliability, Sensor network
Laukik Chitnis; Alin Dobra; Sanjay Ranka
OWA-based linkage method in hierarchical clustering: Application on phylogenetic trees
The linkage methods are mostly used in hierarchical clustering. In this paper, we integrate Ordered Weighted Averaging (OWA) operator with hierarchical clustering in order to find distances between clusters. In case of using OWA operator in order to ... Keywords: Hierarchical clustering, OWA operator, Phylogenetic tree, Protein sequence
Efendi Nas?bov; Cagin Kandem?r-Cavas
NRRI's Bill Berguson promotes fast-growing trees as part of America's new energy future.
to increase energy independence with new biorefinery industries and sustainable new crops. A study undertaken Commission with representatives from the union, paper industry, legislature, University, energy company andNRRI's Bill Berguson promotes fast-growing trees as part of America's new energy future. Winter
Netoff, Theoden
FastAero � A Precorrected FFT � Fast Multipole Tree Steady and Unsteady Potential Flow Solver
In this paper a precorrected FFT-Fast Multipole Tree (pFFT-FMT) method for solving the potential flow around arbitrary three dimensional bodies is presented. The method takes advantage of the efficiency of the pFFT and FMT ...
Willis, David
Tree-Shaped Fluid Flow and Heat Storage in a Conducting Solid
This paper documents the time-dependent thermal interaction between a fluid stream configured as a plane tree of varying complexity embedded in a conducting solid with finite volume and insulated boundaries. The time scales of the convection-conduction phenomenon are identified. Two-dimensional and three-dimensional configurations are simulated numerically. The number of length scales of the tree architecture varies from one to four. The results show that the heat transfer density increases, and the time of approach to equilibrium decreases as the complexity of the tree designs increases. These results are then formulated in the classical notation of energy storage by sensible heating, which shows that the effective number of heat transfer units increases as the complexity of the tree design increases. The complexity of heat transfer designs in many applications is constrained by first cost and operating cost considerations. This work provides a fundamental basis for objective evaluation of cost and performance tradeoffs in thermal design of energy systems with complexity as an unconstrained parameter that can be actively varied over a broad range to determine the optimum system design.
Combelles, L.; Lorente, S.; Anderson, R.; Bejan, A.
Bayesian decision tree averaging for the probabilistic interpretation of solar flare occurrences
Bayesian averaging over Decision Trees (DTs) allows the class posterior probabilities to be estimated, while the DT models are understandable for domain experts. The use of Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique of stochastic approximation makes the ... Keywords: Bayesian averaging, Markov Chain Monte Carlo, decision tre, machine learning, solar flare, uncertainty
Vitaly Schetinin; Valentina Zharkova; Sergei Zharkov
Refining Phylogenetic Trees Given Additional Data: An Algorithm Based on Parsimony
Given a set X of taxa, a phylogenetic X-tree T that is only partially resolved, and a collection of characters on X, we consider the problem of finding a resolution (refinement) of T that minimizes the parsimony score of the given characters. Previous ... Keywords: Combinatorial algorithms, Life and Medical Sciences
Taoyang Wu; Vincent Moulton; Mike Steel
A robust defense mechanism to prevent phishing attack using parse tree validation
In modern era, Web-based applications and services have changed the landscape of information delivery and exchange in today's corporate, government and educational arenas. An increase in the usage of web applications is directly related to the number ... Keywords: URL, application programming interface, blacklist, parse tree, phishing, vulnerability, web application security, web service
V. Shanmughaneethi; Regan Abraham; S. Swamynathan
Evaluating Simulation Heuristics in Monte?Carlo Tree Search and its Application to a Production Scheduling
This paper reports simulation heuristics of Monte?Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) and shows an application example. MCTS introduced by Coulom is a best?first search where pseudorandom simulations guide the solution of problem. Recent improvements on MCTS have produced strong computer Go program
Shimpei Matsumoto; Kosuke Kato; Noriaki Hirosue; Hiroaki Ishii
Absolutely continuous spectrum implies ballistic transport for quantum particles in a random potential on tree graphs
We discuss the dynamical implications of the recent proof that for a quantum particle in a random potential on a regular tree graph absolutely continuous (ac) spectrum occurs non-perturbatively through rare fluctuation-enabled resonances. The main result is spelled in the title.
Aizenman, Michael [Departments of Physics and Mathematics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544 (United States); Warzel, Simone [Zentrum Mathematik, TU Munich, Boltzmannstr. 3, 85747 Garching (Germany)
Roles of Urban Tree Canopy and Buildings in Urban Heat Island Effects: Parameterization and Preliminary Results
Urban heat island (UHI) effects can strengthen heat waves and air pollution episodes. In this study, the dampening impact of urban trees on the UHI during an extreme heat wave in the Washington, D.C., and Baltimore, Maryland, metropolitan area is ...
Christopher P. Loughner; Dale J. Allen; Da-Lin Zhang; Kenneth E. Pickering; Russell R. Dickerson; Laura Landry
Robust Segmentation and Anatomical Labeling of the Airway Tree from Thoracic CT Scans
A method for automatic extraction and labeling of the airway tree from thoracic CT scans is presented and extensively evaluated on 150 scans of clinical dose, low dose and ultra-low dose data, in inspiration and expiration from both relatively healthy ...
Bram Ginneken; Wouter Baggerman; Eva M. Rikxoort
Modeling the uptake and transpiration of TCE using phreatophytic trees. Master`s Thesis
Phytoremediation is a recent addition to the numerous methods used today to remediate ground water contaminants. It is proving more effective and efficient compared to existing remediation techniques. The use of phreatophytes, or water seeking trees, has great potential for phytoremediation. These trees are fast growing, long lived, grow their roots down to the ground water table, transpire large amounts of water, and are proven to actively remove contaminants from the soil horizon. The purpose of this research is to develop quantitative concepts for understanding the dynamics of TCE uptake and transpiration by phreatophytic trees over a short rotation woody crop time frame. This will he done by constructing a system dynamics model of this process and running it over a wide range of conditions. This research will offer managers a tool to simulate long-term uptake and transpiration of TCE at potential sites. The results of this study indicate that TCE is actively removed from the soil horizon by phreatophytic trees and a significant proportion of this TCE is then transpired. Changes in soil horizon parameters, xylem flow rates, and variables in the uptake equation greatly influence TCE uptake rates as well as transpiration. Also, parameters used in equations representing flows in and out of the leaf greatly influence transpiration. Better understanding of these processes is essential for managers to accurately predict the amount of TCE removed and transpired during potential phytoremediation projects.
Wise, D.P.
HomeTree --- an art inspired mobile eco-feedback visualization
This paper presents HomeTree a prototype of an art-inspired mobile eco-feedback system. The system is implemented on a tablet PC and relies on a non-intrusive energy-monitoring infrastructure to access consumption and power event information. Our prototype ... Keywords: aesthetics, art driven ecofeedback, effective computing, prototyping, sustainability, user interfaces
Filipe Quintal; Valentina Nisi; Nuno Nunes; Mary Barreto; Lucas Pereira
Optimal leaf ordering for two and a half dimensional phylogenetic tree visualisation
Two and a half dimensional graph visualisation is the stacking of a set of related graphs, each drawn in a plane, into the third dimension to support visual comparison. A new aesthetic criterion is introduced for the 2 1/2D visualisation of sets of related ... Keywords: bioinformatics, crossing minimisation, phylogenetic trees, three dimensional visualisation, two and a half dimensional visualisation
Tim Dwyer; Falk Schreiber
Three centuries of Myanmar monsoon climate variability inferred from teak tree rings
Three centuries of Myanmar monsoon climate variability inferred from teak tree rings Rosanne D monsoon extremes critically impact much of the globe's population. Key gaps in our understanding of mon of paleoclimatic records for monsoon Asia. Teak growth is positively correlated with rainfall and Palmer Drought
Ummenhofer, Caroline C.
Medical Leaves Administration 365 Pine Tree Road, Ithaca, New York 14850
Medical Leaves Administration 365 Pine Tree Road, Ithaca, New York 14850 Request for Accommodation. Contents of this request are confidential and will not be shared by any staff member of Medical Leaves your disability, including medical documentation, will not be shared, unless authorized by you.) Union
Wang, Z. Jane
Water harvesting for young trees using Peltier modules powered by photovoltaic solar energy
Young trees transplanted from nursery into open field require a minimum amount of soil moisture to successfully root in their new location, especially in dry-climate areas. One possibility is to obtain the required water from air moisture. This can be ... Keywords: DAQB, Dew condenser, EMF, ETc, Hr, Irrigation, SPV, SPVM, Solar photovoltaic energy, TD, Ta, Tdp, Thermoelectric effect, Ts, Water harvesting
M. A. Mu�Oz-Garc�A; G. P. Moreda; M. P. Raga-Arroyo; O. Mar�N-Gonz�Lez
Bayesian inference for multiband image segmentation via model-based cluster trees
We consider the problem of multiband image clustering and segmentation. We propose a new methodology for doing this, called model-based cluster trees. This is grounded in model-based clustering, which bases inference on finite mixture models estimated ... Keywords: Bayesian model, Clustering, Hyperspectral, Information criterion, Information fusion, Ising, Markov model, Multiband, Multichannel, Multispectral, Potts, Quantization, Segmentation
Fionn Murtagh; Adrian E. Raftery; Jean-Luc Starck
Image replica detection system utilizing R-trees and linear discriminant analysis
This manuscript introduces a novel system for content-based identification of image replicas. The proposed approach utilizes image resemblance for deciding whether a test image has been replicated from a certain original or not. We formulate replica ... Keywords: Content-based monitoring, Copy image detection, Copyright protection, Fingerprinting, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA), Perceptual hashing, R-tree indexing, Replica detection, Robust hashing
Spiros Nikolopoulos; Stafanos Zafeiriou; Nikos Nikolaidis; Ioannis Pitas
Misfire identification in a four-stroke four-cylinder petrol engine using decision tree
Misfire detection in an internal combustion engine is very crucial to maintain optimum performance throughout its service life and to reduce emissions. The vibration of the engine block contains indirect information regarding the condition of the engine. ... Keywords: Decision tree, Engine condition monitoring, Feature selection, Knock, Misfire
S. Babu Devasenapati; V. Sugumaran; K. I. Ramachandran
Genetic modification of gibberellic acid signaling to promote carbon sequestration in tree roots and stems
The goal of this study was to determine if gibberellic acid (GA)-modified, semi-dwarfed transgenic poplars had desirable attributes with respect to carbon sequestration. We conducted laboratory and field studies of a number of transgenic genotypes with different GA-modifying transgenes. Ten modified genotypes and controls were intensively studied within in vitro, greenhouse, raised bed, and open field environments. The basic conclusions were: 1) The GA modified trees retained their slowed height growth in the field regardless of density and the genotype with which they competed. 2) The GA modified trees show complex variations in morphology, including internode length, branch angle, leaf shape, and leaf chlorophyll density. 3) The slower biomass growth seen at low density was strongly attenuated by growth at a higher density, suggesting that they could be useful in high density bioenergy plantings. 4) In competition with wild type the GA-modified trees had approximately half the fitness after two years of competition, showing that such transgenic trees would impart a high degree of biosafety to any closely linked transgenes (i.e., trees with such genes could not complete with wild trees in feral environments). Such genes may therefore enable the use of other, higher value and higher risk transgenes when inserted jointly. 5) GA modified trees had the changes in allocation of biomass that were hypothesized; they allocated considerably more biomass to roots vs. shoots in vitro, in the greenhouse, and the field. The roots also tend to be more finely branched. This could provide a useful means to increase carbon flow into soils vs. above ground organs, and may produce plants with increased drought tolerance and biofiltration/bioremediation properties. 6) The leaves and roots of the GA modified trees had changes in their phenolic chemistry, including in lignin and phenolic glycosides, based on metabolic profiling, pyrolysis molecular beam mass spectrometry and HPLC/gel permeation electrophoresis. However, the changes were complex and varied among genotypes and leaf and root tissues in a complex manner not expected. 7) The hypothesized advantage of transgenic tree roots for slowing decomposition could not be confirmed. A number of controlled decomposition trials with root-rot fungi showed only a very small difference in rate of decomposition, and the tendency was for the transgenics to decompose slightly faster than wild type roots, not slower. 8) In vitro and greenhouse studies of root development in GA transgenic and GA treated poplars showed that GA has a direct suppressive effect on root growth and proliferation of lateral roots. The role of GA in root development is little understood, even in model plant species; thus our study provided major new insights relevant to a fundamental aspect of root biology. 9) An intensive, genome scale microarray analysis of changes in gene expression in GA treated and GA transgenic plants gave evidence for new interactions among hormone and cell cycle pathways in the differentiation of adventitious, lateral roots. GA appears to interact extensively with ABA, ethylene, and auxin signaling pathways in controlling root branching. 10) A large number of new GA transgenes were created and inserted to create new kinds of transgenic poplars. These were based on 10 different GA regulatory genes from which 30 different transgenes were created. These included native genomic segments (?cisgenes?); modified native genes (?intragenes?); RNA-interference forms of native genes; and GA:promoter reporter genes. These constructs have shown modified rates of growth and tree form, including some with greatly increased biomass growth rates in the greenhouse. If verified in the field, this technology could lead to a new means for producing varieties with increased value as biofuel crops. Their study is continuing in greenhouse and field environments.
Strauss, S H; Busov, V; Kosola, K; Kennedy, J; Morrell, J; Ma, C; Elias, A; Etherington, E
Data driven process monitoring based on neural networks and classification trees
Process monitoring in the chemical and other process industries has been of great practical importance. Early detection of faults is critical in avoiding product quality deterioration, equipment damage, and personal injury. The goal of this dissertation is to develop process monitoring schemes that can be applied to complex process systems. Neural networks have been a popular tool for modeling and pattern classification for monitoring of process systems. However, due to the prohibitive computational cost caused by high dimensionality and frequently changing operating conditions in batch processes, their applications have been difficult. The first part of this work tackles this problem by employing a polynomial-based data preprocessing step that greatly reduces the dimensionality of the neural network process model. The process measurements and manipulated variables go through a polynomial regression step and the polynomial coefficients, which are usually of far lower dimensionality than the original data, are used to build a neural network model to produce residuals for fault classification. Case studies show a significant reduction in neural model construction time and sometimes better classification results as well. The second part of this research investigates classification trees as a promising approach to fault detection and classification. It is found that the underlying principles of classification trees often result in complicated trees even for rather simple problems, and construction time can excessive for high dimensional problems. Fisher Discriminant Analysis (FDA), which features an optimal linear discrimination between different faults and projects original data on to perpendicular scores, is used as a dimensionality reduction tool. Classification trees use the scores to separate observations into different fault classes. A procedure identifies the order of FDA scores that results in a minimum tree cost as the optimal order. Comparisons to other popular multivariate statistical analysis based methods indicate that the new scheme exhibits better performance on a benchmarking problem.
Zhou, Yifeng
Resolving the tips of the tree of life: How much mitochondrialdata doe we need?
Mitochondrial (mt) DNA sequences are used extensively to reconstruct evolutionary relationships among recently diverged animals,and have constituted the most widely used markers for species- and generic-level relationships for the last decade or more. However, most studies to date have employed relatively small portions of the mt-genome. In contrast, complete mt-genomes primarily have been used to investigate deep divergences, including several studies of the amount of mt sequence necessary to recover ancient relationships. We sequenced and analyzed 24 complete mt-genomes from a group of salamander species exhibiting divergences typical of those in many species-level studies. We present the first comprehensive investigation of the amount of mt sequence data necessary to consistently recover the mt-genome tree at this level, using parsimony and Bayesian methods. Both methods of phylogenetic analysis revealed extremely similar results. A surprising number of well supported, yet conflicting, relationships were found in trees based on fragments less than {approx}2000 nucleotides (nt), typical of the vast majority of the thousands of mt-based studies published to date. Large amounts of data (11,500+ nt) were necessary to consistently recover the whole mt-genome tree. Some relationships consistently were recovered with fragments of all sizes, but many nodes required the majority of the mt-genome to stabilize, particularly those associated with short internal branches. Although moderate amounts of data (2000-3000 nt) were adequate to recover mt-based relationships for which most nodes were congruent with the whole mt-genome tree, many thousands of nucleotides were necessary to resolve rapid bursts of evolution. Recent advances in genomics are making collection of large amounts of sequence data highly feasible, and our results provide the basis for comparative studies of other closely related groups to optimize mt sequence sampling and phylogenetic resolution at the ''tips'' of the Tree of Life.
Bonett, Ronald M.; Macey, J. Robert; Boore, Jeffrey L.; Chippindale, Paul T.
To identify effects of chronic internal and external radiation exposure for components of terrestrial ecosystems, a comprehensive study of Scots pine trees in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone was performed. The experimental plan included over 1,100 young trees (up to 20 years old) selected from areas with varying levels of radioactive contamination. These pine trees were planted after the 1986 Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident mainly to prevent radionuclide resuspension and soil erosion. For each tree, the major morphological parameters and radioactive contamination values were identified. Cytological analyses were performed for selected trees representing all dose rate ranges. A specially developed dosimetric model capable of taking into account radiation from the incorporated radionuclides in the trees was developed for the apical meristem. The calculated dose rates for the trees in the study varied within three orders of magnitude, from close to background values in the control area (about 5 mGy y{sup -1}) to approximately 7 Gy y{sup -1} in the Red Forest area located in the immediate vicinity of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant site. Dose rate/effect relationships for morphological changes and cytogenetic defects were identified and correlations for radiation effects occurring on the morphological and cellular level were established.
Farfan, E.; Jannik, T.
Dynamic trees can aid in performance tuning of scientific codes | Argonne
trees can aid in performance tuning of scientific codes trees can aid in performance tuning of scientific codes July 16, 2013 Tweet EmailPrint The term "heterogeneous computers" generally refers to the growing complexity and diversity of modern computers. These include hybrid CPU-GPU, CPU-accelerator, many-core systems, and other novel architectures. Such systems make "portability" of scientific computing codes increasingly difficult, since a tremendous amount of developer-hours is required to achieve high performance on each new class or type of computer. Getting this performance "just right" on a new machine is called performance tuning. Researchers from the University of Chicago Booth School of Business, together with Stefan Wild, an assistant computational mathematician in the
Managing Commercial Tree Species for Timber Production and Carbon Sequestration: Management Guidelines and Financial Returns
A carbon credit market is developing in the United States. Information is needed by buyers and sellers of carbon credits so that the market functions equitably and efficiently. Analyses have been conducted to determine the optimal forest management regime to employ for each of the major commercial tree species so that profitability of timber production only or the combination of timber production and carbon sequestration is maximized. Because the potential of a forest ecosystem to sequester carbon depends on the tree species, site quality and management regimes utilized, analyses have determined how to optimize carbon sequestration by determining how to optimally manage each species, given a range of site qualities, discount rates, prices of carbon credits and other economic variables. The effects of a carbon credit market on the method and profitability of forest management, the cost of sequestering carbon, the amount of carbon that can be sequestered, and the amount of timber products produced has been determined.
Gary D. Kronrad
D-Tree: a multi-dimensional indexing structure for constructing document warehouses
Document warehouses, unlike traditional document management systems, contain extensive semantic information about documents, cross-document feature relations, and document grouping or clustering, thus providing an accurate and efficient access to business intelligence information. Since documents are multi-dimensional in nature, we claim that traditional indexing methods are not really suitable for document warehousing. In this paper, we propose an indexing structure, called the D-tree, which can facilitate the construction of document cubes. We formally present the related definitions, the design of its storage structure and related algorithms for D-trees. The above are essential for establishing an infrastructure for combining text processing methods with numeric OLAP processing technologies. Hopefully, the proposed combination of data warehousing and document warehousing will be an important kernel for knowledge management and customer relationship management applications.
Frank S. C. Tseng; Wen-Ping Lin
A nNon-photorealistic Model for Procedural Painterly Rendered Trees in the Style of Corot
This thesis describes the development of a system for the procedural generation and painterly rendering of trees. Specifically, the rendered trees are modeled after those found in the oil landscape paintings of 19th century French painter Camille Corot. The rendering system, which is a combination of MEL-scripted Maya tools and Renderman shaders, facilitates the creation of still images that look convincingly painterly, as well as 3D animations with temporal coherence. Brush stroke properties are animated based on distance from the camera, so that traditional painting techniques for representing depth are incorporated into the computer-generated animations. During the development process, the system was generalized to apply to other structures, such as grass and rocks, and allows for the creation and rendering of entire landscapes. Several example animations were created with the system to demonstrate the ideas developed during the process and the quality of the results.
Losure, Michael Robert
Dynamic trees can aid in performance tuning of scientific codes Dynamic trees can aid in performance tuning of scientific codes June 10, 2013 Tweet EmailPrint As heterogeneous computers become more common, researchers are exploring ways to be able to tune scientific applications for the new architectures "just in time." Two popular approaches that have been used for performance tuning are variable selection and sensitivity analysis. The former focuses on choosing a subset of covariates that should be included in a model, in that they lead to predictions of low variance and high accuracy; the latter seeks to characterize how components of this subset influence the response. Unfortunately, because existing tools are difficult to use, these two approaches typically are treated separately, resulting in inefficiency and increased computational cost.
Consecutive ones property and PQ-trees for multisets: Hardness of counting their orderings
A binary matrix satisfies the consecutive ones property (c1p) if its columns can be permuted such that the 1s in each row of the resulting matrix are consecutive. Equivalently, a family of setsF={Q"1,...,Q"m}, where Q"i@?R for some universe R, satisfies ... Keywords: Complexity, Consecutive ones property, Counting permutations, Multisets, PQ-trees, Sequences with repeated symbols
Giovanni Battaglia; Roberto Grossi; Noemi Scutell�
Renewals for exponentially increasing lifetimes, with an application to digital search trees
We show that the number of renewals up to time $t$ exhibits distributional fluctuations as $t\\to\\infty$ if the underlying lifetimes increase at an exponential rate in a distributional sense. This provides a probabilistic explanation for the asymptotics of insertion depth in random trees generated by a bit-comparison strategy from uniform input; we also obtain a representation for the resulting family of limit laws along subsequences. Our approach can also be used to obtain rates of convergence.
Dennert, Florian
One Picture Is Worth a Dozen Connectives: A Fault-Tree Representation of NPATRL Security Requirements
In this paper we show how we can increase the ease of reading and writing security requirements for cryptographic protocols at the Dolev-Yao level of abstraction by developing a visual language based on fault trees. We develop such a semantics for a ... Keywords: C.2.0.f Network-level security and protection, C.2.2.c Protocol verification, F.4.3 Formal Languages
Iliano Cervesato; Catherine Meadows
Regional Differences in South American Monsoon Precipitation Inferred from the Growth and Isotopic Composition of Tropical Trees
The authors present results on the relationship between tree-ring proxies and regional precipitation for several sites in tropical South America. The responsiveness of oxygen isotopes (?18O) and seasonal growth as precipitation proxies was first ...
A. P. Ballantyne; P. A. Baker; J. Q. Chambers; R. Villalba; J. Argollo
EFFICACY AND TIMING OF FUNGICIDES, BACTERICIDES, AND BIOLOGICALS for DECIDUOUS TREE FRUIT, NUT, STRAWBERRY, AND VINE CROPS 2011
Abound Sovran Cabrio Flint/Gem Scholar Quintec Botran/Trade name Abound Cabrio Flint/Gem 2 Sovran Common nameon stone fruit and tree nuts; Flint registered on pome fruit
Adaskaveg, J E; Gubler, W D; Michailides, Themis J.; Holtz, Brent A.
A fast tree?trellis search for finding the N?best sentence hypotheses in continuous speech recognition
In this paper a tree�trellis?based fast search for finding the N?best sentence hypotheses in continuous speech recognition is proposed. The search consists of two parts: a forward
Frank K. Soong; Eng?Fong Huang
Olive Oil: Chemistry and Technology, 2nd EditionChapter 2 Characteristics of the Olive Tree and Olive Fruit
Olive Oil: Chemistry and Technology, 2nd Edition Chapter 2 Characteristics of the Olive Tree and Olive Fruit Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press ...
Olive Oil: Chemistry and Technology, 2nd EditionChapter 1 The Culture of the Olive Tree (Mediterranean world)
Olive Oil: Chemistry and Technology, 2nd Edition Chapter 1 The Culture of the Olive Tree (Mediterranean world) Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press
A Comparison of the Variability of a Climate Model with Paleotemperature Estimates from a Network of Tree-Ring Densities
Validation of the decadal to centennial timescale variability of coupled climate models is limited by the scarcity of long observational records. Proxy indicators of climate, such as tree rings, ice cores, etc., can be utilized for this purpose. ...
Matthew Collins; Timothy J. Osborn; Simon F. B. Tett; Keith R. Briffa; Fritz H. Schweingruber
Cost and Productivity of Multi-Product Processing for Small Diameter Trees : Final Report.
This project evolved from an effort by the land manager, the United States Forest Service, to economically deal with thousands of acres of thick (doghair) Douglas-fir and hemlock forests on Washington's Olympic Peninsula. These forests are very densely stocked and the trees are small. Until this effort, there has been no reasonable way to get enough product from the sites to justify managing them. And, even this project required some special agreements between the landowner and the investigator to be viable. This report describes the in-woods processing system now working in doghair stands on the Quilcene District. As whole trees arrive at the landing, they are sorted by a Cat 225 shovel-type loader. Sawlogs are trimmed, limbed, bucked, and decked for transportation on conventional log trucks. Chip grade trees are passed through a prototype, multi-stem debarker/delimber and then chipped by a Morbark 23'' Chiparvester. Clean chips are transported in regular highway chip vans. All other materials, not sold as logs or clean chips, are processed by a prototype shredder, and taken from the site as hogfuel. 7 ref., 15 figs., 11 tabs.
Lambert, Michael B.; Howard, James O.; Hermann, Steven E.
Stable nitrogen isotope ratios in wet and dry nitrate deposition collected with an artificial tree
Amounts of dry NO{sub 3}-N deposition and N isotope ratios in wet and dry NO{sub 3}-N deposition have been simultaneously determined by examining differences between precipitation collected by open funnels and throughfall collected beneath an artificial Christmas tree. Samples were collected in a forest clearing on Walker Branch Watershed, near Oak Ridge, Tennessee. From mid-summer to early autumn, NO{sub 3}-N fluxes beneath the artificial tree were always greater than those measured in precipitation indicating the tree's effectiveness as a passive collector of dry NO{sub 3}-N deposition. Dry NO{sub 3}-N deposition averaged 60 {+-} 9% of total (wet and dry) deposition. The mean ({+-} SD) calculated {delta}{sup 15}N value for NO{sub 3}-N in dry deposition was + 5.6 {+-} 2.1{per_thousand} (n = 6 sampling periods ranging from 4 to 15 days). On average, this was {approx} 6{per_thousand} heavier than measured {delta}{sup 15}N values for NO{sub 3}-N in precipitation. The calculated {delta}{sup 15}N value for NO{sub 3}-N in dry deposition was consistent with that expected if NO{sub x} precursors to HNO{sub 3} vapor (the major constituent of dry deposition at this site) originated principally from coal combustion.
Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL
www.elsevier.com/locate/envpol Carbon storage and sequestration by urban trees in the USA
��Capsule��: Urban trees currently store 700 million tons of carbon, with an annual sequestration rate of 22.8 million tons. Based on field data from 10 USA cities and national urban tree cover data, it is estimated that urban trees in the coterminous USA currently store 700 million tonnes of carbon ($14,300 million value) with a gross carbon sequestration rate of 22.8 million tC/yr ($460 million/year). Carbon storage within cities ranges from 1.2 million tC in New York, NY, to 19,300 tC in Jersey City, NJ. Regions with the greatest proportion of urban land are the Northeast (8.5%) and the southeast (7.1%). Urban forests in the north central, northeast, south central and southeast regions of the USA store and sequester the most carbon, with average carbon storage per hectare greatest in southeast, north central, northeast and Pacific northwest regions, respectively. The national average urban forest carbon storage density is 25.1 tC/ha, compared with 53.5 tC/ha in forest stands. These data can be used to help assess the actual and potential role of urban forests in reducing atmospheric carbon dioxide, a dominant greenhouse gas. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
David J. Nowak; Daniel E. Crane
How environmental conditions affect canopy leaf-level photosynthesis in four deciduous tree species
Species composition of temperate forests vary with successional age and seems likely to change in response to significant global climate change. Because photosynthesis rates in co-occurring tree species can differ in their sensitivity to environmental conditions, these changes in species composition are likely to alter the carbon dynamics of temperate forests. To help improve their understanding of such atmosphere-biosphere interactions, the authors explored changes in leaf-level photosynthesis in a 60--70 yr old temperate mixed-deciduous forest in Petersham, Massachusetts (USA). Diurnally and seasonally varying environmental conditions differentially influenced in situ leaf-level photosynthesis rates in the canopies of four mature temperate deciduous tree species: red oak (Quercus rubra), red maple (Acer rubrum), white birch (Betula papyrifera), and yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis). The authors measured in situ photosynthesis at two heights within the canopies through a diurnal time course on 7 d over two growing seasons. They simultaneously measured a suite of environmental conditions surrounding the leaf at the time of each measurement. The authors used path analysis to examine the influence of environmental factors on in situ photosynthesis in the tree canopies.
Bassow, S.L.; Bazzaz, F.A. [Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology
Environmental enchancement using short-rotation tree crops: research results and directions
Short-rotation woody crops (SRWC) and perennial grasses used as biomass feedstocks for energy and fiber can provide multiple economic and environmental benefits. Site-specific environmental studies are providing information needed to help evaluate the economic and environmental impacts of biomass production at both local and regional scales. Erosion and chemical movement from an annual row crop, switchgrass, and tree crop with and without a groundcover are being compared in the Southeast. Studies of SRWC productivity on the South Carolina coastal plain are comparing surface and subsurface movement of chemicals applied under different fertilization and irrigation regimes, and addressing use of mill and agricultural residues to enhance crop production. Results are helping to assess the effects of biomass crops produced on different principal soil types and to match tree species with appropriate sites to maximize productivity and minimize environmental impacts. Studies are comparing wildlife use of biomass crops to row crops, grasslands, and natural forests. Results to date show that SRWCs support greater bird diversity than row crops, but less than natural forests; switchgrass plantings extend habitat for grasslands birds. Collaboration with an industrial partner on diverse SRWC plantings in the Southeast is addressing the relationship between plantings of different acreage, age, tree species, and landscape context and breeding bird use. Information from wildlife diversity, water, and soil quality studies can be used by the Biofuels Feedstock Development Program (BFDP), researchers, producers, and industry to identify management strategies to maintain productivity While enhancing the environment.
Tolbert, V.R.; Schiller, A.
Importance, Identification, and Assessment of Danger and Hazard Trees Located Outside Electric Transmission Line Rights-of-Way
Electric transmission line rights-of-way (ROWs) commonly pass through forested areas across North America. Trees from these forests could fall from outside the ROW into a transmission line and its security zone, potentially causing an outage. Most of the bulk transmission outages across the United States over the past decade have been caused by off-ROW trees. The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) developed standards for transmission vegetation management programs that strictly regul...
Semidwarfism has been used extensively in row crops and horticulture to promote yield, reduce lodging, and improve harvest index, and it might have similar benefits for trees for short-rotation forestry or energy plantations, reclamation, phytoremediation, or other applications. We studied the effects of the dominant semidwarfism transgenes GA Insensitive (GAI) and Repressor of GAI-Like, which affect gibberellin (GA) action, and the GA catabolic gene, GA 2-oxidase, in nursery beds and in 2-year-old high-density stands of hybrid poplar (Populus tremula ? Populus alba). Twenty-nine traits were analyzed, including measures of growth, morphology, and physiology. Endogenous GA levels were modified in most transgenic events; GA(20) and GA(8), in particular, had strong inverse associations with tree height. Nearly all measured traits varied significantly among genotypes, and several traits interacted with planting density, including aboveground biomass, root-shoot ratio, root fraction, branch angle, and crown depth. Semidwarfism promoted biomass allocation to roots over shoots and substantially increased rooting efficiency with most genes tested. The increased root proportion and increased leaf chlorophyll levels were associated with changes in leaf carbon isotope discrimination, indicating altered water use efficiency. Semidwarf trees had dramatically reduced growth when in direct competition with wild-type trees, supporting the hypothesis that semidwarfism genes could be effective tools to mitigate the spread of exotic, hybrid, and transgenic plants in wild and feral populations. We modified gibberellin (GA) metabolism and signaling in transgenic poplars using dominant transgenes and studied their effects for 3 years under field conditions. The transgenes that we employed either reduced the bioactive GAs, or attenuated their signaling. The majority of transgenic trees had significant and in many cases dramatic changes in height, crown architecture, foliage morphology, flowering onset, floral structure, and vegetative phenology. Most transgenes elicited various levels of height reduction consistent with the roles of GA in elongation growth. Several other growth traits were proportionally reduced, including branch length, internode distance, and leaf length. In contrast to elongation growth, stem diameter growth was much less affected, suggesting that semi-dwarf trees in dense stands might provide high levels of biomass production and carbon sequestration. The severity of phenotypic effects was strongly correlated with transgene expression among independent transgenic events, but often in a non-linear manner, the form of which varied widely among constructs. The majority of semi-dwarfed, transgenic plants showed delayed bud flush and early bud set, and expression of a native GAI transgene accelerated first time flowering in the field. All of the phenotypic changes observed in multiple years were stable over the 3 years of field study. Our results suggest that transgenic modification of GA action may be useful for producing semi-dwarf trees with modified growth and morphology for horticulture and other uses. We studied the poplar C(19) gibberellin 2-oxidase (GA2ox) gene subfamily. We show that a set of paralogous gene pairs differentially regulate shoot and root development. ? PtGA2ox4 and its paralogous gene PtGA2ox5 are primarily expressed in aerial organs, and overexpression of PtGA2ox5 produced a strong dwarfing phenotype characteristic of GA deficiency. Suppression of PtGA2ox4 and PtGA2ox5 led to increased biomass growth, but had no effect on root development. By contrast, the PtGA2ox2 and PtGA2ox7 paralogous pair was predominantly expressed in roots, and when these two genes were RNAi-suppressed it led to a decrease of root biomass. ? The morphological changes in the transgenic plants were underpinned by tissue-specific increases in bioactive GAs that corresponded to the predominant native expression of the targeted paralogous gene pair. Although RNAi suppression of both paralogous pairs led to changes in wood developmen
Busov, Victor
Simplified containment event tree analysis for the Sequoyah Ice Condenser containment
An evaluation of a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) ice condenser containment was performed. In this evaluation, simplified containment event trees (SCETs) were developed that utilized the vast storehouse of information generated by the NRC's Draft NUREG-1150 effort. Specifically, the computer programs and data files produced by the NUREG-1150 analysis of Sequoyah were used to electronically generate SCETs, as opposed to the NUREG-1150 accident progression event trees (APETs). This simplification was performed to allow graphic depiction of the SCETs in typical event tree format, which facilitates their understanding and use. SCETs were developed for five of the seven plant damage state groups (PDSGs) identified by the NUREG-1150 analyses, which includes: both short- and long-term station blackout sequences (SBOs), transients, loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCAs), and anticipated transient without scram (ATWS). Steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) and event-V PDSGs were not analyzed because of their containment bypass nature. After being benchmarked with the APETs, in terms of containment failure mode and risk, the SCETs were used to evaluate a number of potential containment modifications. The modifications were examined for their potential to mitigate or prevent containment failure from hydrogen burns or direct impingement on the containment by the core, (both factors identified as significant contributors to risk in the NUREG-1150 Sequoyah analysis). However, because of the relatively low baseline risk postulated for Sequoyah (i.e., 12 person-rems per reactor year), none of the potential modifications appear to be cost effective. 15 refs., 10 figs. , 17 tabs.
Galyean, W.J.; Schroeder, J.A.; Pafford, D.J. (EG and G Idaho, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (USA))
Optimal nitrogen application rates for three intensively-managed hardwood tree species in the southeastern USA.
Forest production can be limited by nutrient and water availability, and tree species are expected to respond differently to fertilization and irrigation. Despite these common expectations, multi-species comparisons are rare, especially ones implementing a range of fertilization rates crossed with irrigation. This study compares the response of three forest hardwood species to numerous nitrogen (N) fertilization levels and water availability using a novel non-replicated technique. A range of N levels was included to determine how N affected the growth response curve, and statistical procedures for comparing these non-linear response functions are presented. We used growth and yield data to calculate the Land Expectation Value (LEV) for these intensive management treatments, and to determine the optimal growing conditions (accounting for tree productivity and grower expenses). To accomplish these objectives, we used a series of cottonwood, sycamore, and sweetgum plots that received a range of N fertilization with or without irrigation. Regression is an economical approach to define treatment responses in large-scale experiments, and we recommend >3 treatment levels so the response of any single plot does not disproportionally influence the line. The non-replicated plots showed a strong positive N response below 150 kg N ha -1 yr -1, beyond which little response was observed. However, different amounts of fertilization were required for the greatest biomass accumulation rate in each tree species. Cottonwood and sycamore growth was optimized with less than 150 kg N ha -1 yr -1 while sweetgum growth was optimized with less than 100 kg N ha -1 yr -1. Results from this experiment should be representative of many of the nutrient-poor soils in the Coastal Plain in the southeastern USA. The LEVs were not positive for any treatment x genotype combination tested when using irrigation or liquid fertilizer, but our analysis showed that several non-irrigated treatments in sycamore and sweetgum did result in positive LEVs when fertilized with granular urea.
Coyle, David; Aubrey, Doug P.; Siry, Jacek P.; Volfovicz-Leon, Roberto R.; Coleman, Mark D.
Mulberry Tree
http:quercus.ca.uky.edutreewebspeciesmoalba1.htm http:www.hort.purdue.edunewcropdukeenergyMorusalba.html http:www.starnursery.com001.htm http:www.bbg.org...
p-barp-Annihilation processes in the tree approximation of SU(3) chiral effective theory
The p-barp-annihilation reactions p-barp {yields} {eta}{eta} {eta} and p-barp {yields} {eta}KK-bar at rest are considered in the tree approximation in the framework of SU(3) chiral effective theory at leading order. The calculated branchings are compared with the data. The results for neutral ({eta}{eta}{eta}, K{sup 0}K-bar{sup 0}{sub {eta}}) and charged (K{sup +}K{sup -}{sub {eta}}) channels are essentially different.
Tarasov, V. E.; Kudryavtsev, A. E., E-mail: email@example.com; Romanov, A. I.; Weinberg, V. M. [Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics (Russian Federation)
Evaluating In-Clique and Topological Parallelism Strategies for Junction Tree-Based Bayesian Inference Algorithm on the Cray XMT
Long viewed as a strong statistical inference technique, Bayesian networks have emerged to be an important class of applications for high-performance computing. We have applied an architecture-conscious approach to parallelizing the Lauritzen-Spiegelhalter Junction Tree algorithm for exact inferencing in Bayesian networks. In optimizing the Junction Tree algorithm, we have implemented both in-clique and topological parallelism strategies to best leverage the fine-grained synchronization and massive-scale multithreading of the Cray XMT architecture. Two topological techniques were developed to parallelize the evidence propagation process through the Bayesian network. One technique involves performing intelligent scheduling of junction tree nodes based on its topology and relative size. The second technique involves decomposing the junction tree into a much finer tree-like representation to offer much more opportunities for parallelism. We evaluate these optimizations on five different Bayesian networks and report our findings and observations. Another important contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the application of massive-scale multithreading for load balancing and use of implicit parallelism-based compiler optimizations in designing scalable inferencing algorithms.
Chin, George; Choudhury, Sutanay; Kangas, Lars J.; McFarlane, Sally A.; Marquez, Andres
Soil carbon storage beneath recently established tree plantations in Tennessee and South Carolina, USA
Rates of soil carbon (C) accumulation under 7 recently established tree plantations in Tennessee and South Carolina (USA) were estimated by comparing soil C stocks under the plantations to adjacent reference (nonplantation) sites. Estimated rates of C accumulation in surface (0-40 cm) mineral soil were 40-170 gCm{sup -2} yr{sup -1} during the first decade following plantation establishment. Most soil C at each site was found in mineral-associated organic matter (i.e., soil C associated with the silt-clay fraction). Soils with high sand content and low initial C stocks exhibited the greatest gains in particulate organic matter C (POM-C). Labile soil C stocks (consisting of forest floor and mineral soil POM-C) became an increasingly important component of soil C storage as loblolly pine stands aged. Rates of mineral soil C accumulation were highly variable in the first decade of plantation growth, depending on location, but the findings support a hypothesis that farm to tree plantation conversions can result in high initial rates of soil C accumulation in the southeastern United States.
A "Muon Mass Tree" with alpha-quantized Lepton, Quark and Hadron Masses
A "muon mass tree" is displayed that contains the excitation systematics for accurately reproducing the masses of the six Standard Model quarks (u,d,s,c,b,t); the heavy leptons; the proton; the phi, J/Psi and Upsilon vector meson thrshold states; the Bc meson; and the mass-averaged W and Z gauge bosons, using a unified mass formalism based on the electron ground state. Multiples of an alpha-quantized 105.04 MeV fermion mass quantum reproduce the states below 12 GeV, and multiples of a doubly-alpha-quantized 14,394 Mev fermion mass quantum reproduce the W-Z and t states above 12 GeV, where alpha ~ 1/137 is the fine structure constant. Masses are additive, and the overall mass accuracy for these states is in the 1% range. A similar "pion mass tree" based on an alpha-quantized 70.03 MeV boson mass quantum accurately reproduces the pseudoscalar meson masses. The mass alpha-quantization follows from a corresponding experimental alpha-spacing of the long-lived particle lifetimes, which occur in well-defined lifetime groups that are each determined by a dominant Standard Model quark substate.
Malcolm H. Mac Gregor
Decision-table development for use with the CAT code for the automated fault-tree construction
A library of decision tables to be used in connection with the CAT computer code for the automated construction of fault trees is presented. A decision table is constructed for each component type describing the output of the component in terms of its inputs and its internal states. In addition, a modification of the CAT code that couples it with a fault tree analysis code is presented. This report represents one aspect of a study entitled, 'A General Evaluation Approach to Risk-Benefit for Large Technological Systems, and Its Application to Nuclear Power.'
Wu, J.S.; Salem, S.L.; Apostolakis, G.E.
Distribution and Ratios of 137Cs and K in Control and K-treated Coconut Trees at Bikini Island where Nuclear Test Fallout Occurred: Effects and Implications
Coconut trees growing on atolls of the Bikini Islands are on the margin of K deficiency because the concentration of exchangeable K in coral soil is very low ranging from only 20 to 80 mg kg{sup -1}. When provided with additional K, coconut trees absorb large quantities of K and this uptake of K significantly alters the patterns of distribution of {sup 137}Cs within the plant. Following a single K fertilization event, mean total K in trunks of K-treated trees is 5.6 times greater than in trunks of control trees. In contrast, {sup 137}Cs concentration in trunks of K-treated and control trees is statistically the same while {sup 137}Cs is significantly lower in edible fruits of K treated trees. Within one year after fertilization (one rainy season), K concentration in soil is back to naturally, low concentrations, however, the tissue concentrations of K in treated trees stays very high internally in the trees for years while {sup 137}Cs concentration in treated trees remains very low in all tree compartments except for the trunk. Potassium fertilization did not change soil Cs availability. Mass balance calculations suggest that the fertilization event increased above ground plant K content by at least a factor of 5 or 2.2 kg. Potassium concentrations and content were higher in all organs of K fertilized trees with the greatest increases seen in organs that receive a portion of tissue K through xylem transport (trunk, fronds and fruit husks) and lowest in organs supplied predominantly with K via the phloem (palm heart, spathe, coco meat and fluid). {sup 137}Cesium concentrations and contents were dramatically lower in all organs of K treated trees with greatest proportional reductions observed in organs supplied predominantly with K via the phloem (palm heart, spathe, coco meat and fluid). All trees remobilize both K and {sup 137}Cs from fronds as they proceed toward senescence. In control trees the reduction in concentration of K and {sup 137}Cs in fronds as they age is logarithmic but K remobilization is linear in K-treated trees where K concentration is high. As a result of K treatment the {sup 137}Cs concentration in K-treated fronds is extremely low and constant with frond age. Fronds of K treated trees contain a greater amount of K than control tree fronds. As they fall to the ground and decay they provide a small continuing pool of K that is about 3% of the natural K in soil under the tree canopy. Results of K and {sup 137}Cs concentration and distribution in control and K-treated coconut trees suggest that the application of K reduces {sup 137}Cs uptake both in the short term immediately following K fertilization and in the long term, after soil K levels have returned to normal but while plant K stores remain high. These results suggests that high internal K concentration and not high soil K is primarily responsible for long-term reduction of {sup 137}Cs in edible fruits, and plays a significant role in limiting further uptake of {sup 137}Cs by roots, and affects allocation of {sup 137}Cs to edible fruits for years. Coconut trees are capable of luxury K accumulation when provided with excess K and in this example the additional K can effectively provide the K requirements of the plant for in excess of 10 years. The reduction of {sup 137}Cs uptake lasts for at least 10 y after K is last applied and greatly reduces the estimated radiation dose to people consuming local tree foods. Effectiveness and duration of K treatment provides important assurances that reduction in {sup 137}Cs is long term and the radiation dose from consuming local plant foods will remain low.
Robison, W L; Brown, P H; Stone, E L; Hamilton, T F; Conrado, C L; Kehl, S R
DRUMSTICK TREE WATER RELATIONS Moravec, C.M., Bradford, K.J. and Laca, E.A. (2008), Seed Sci. & Technol., 36, 311-324
and Sarwatt, 2003). Other uses of drumstick tree products include water purification, oil, and supplemental production systems in India, drumstick tree is propagated vegetatively via cuttings (Peter, 1979; Morton covering tissues are highly permeable to water. Adsorption and desorption equilibrium moisture content
Bradford, Kent
Vegetation Dynamics Along Utility Rights-of-Way Factors Affecting the Ability of Shrub and Herbaceous Communities to Resist Invasion by Trees
Traditional vegetation management programs along utility rights-of-way (ROW) have been designed to prevent tree growth into transmission wire security zones. This study of vegetation dynamics describes factors affecting the ability of shrub and herbaceous communities to resist tree invasion. Such information will allow ecologists to identify the critical pressure points where intervention in natural ecological processes will prove most effective.
Analysis of Tornado-Induced Tree Fall Using Aerial Photography from the Joplin, Missouri, and Tuscaloosa�Birmingham, Alabama, Tornadoes of 2011
In this study, aerial imagery of tornado damage is used to digitize the falling direction of trees (i.e., tree fall) along the 22 May 2011 Joplin, Missouri, and 27 April 2011 Tuscaloosa�Birmingham, Alabama, tornado tracks. Normalized mean patterns ...
Christopher D. Karstens; William A. Gallus Jr.; Bruce D. Lee; Catherine A. Finley
Sykes, M.T., I.C. Prentice, and W. Cramer. 1996. A bioclimatic model for the potential distributions of north European tree species
Angeles environment, with a constant offset caused by photosynthesis and respiration of the plants within possibilities with respect to the CO2 fertilization effect. First, the biomass in both tree forms might have increased, but carbon distribution among different parts of a tree was different. Second, the biomass may
Scale Transformations, Tree-level Perturbation Theory, and the Cosmological Matter Bispectrum
Scale transformations have played an extremely successful role in studies of cosmological large-scale structure by relating the non-linear spectrum of cosmological density fluctuations to the linear primordial power at longer wavelengths. Here we generalize this approach to investigate the usefulness of scale transformations for nonlinear higher-order statistics, specifically the bispectrum. We find that the bispectrum predicted by perturbation theory at tree-level can be rescaled to match the results of full numerical simulations in the weakly and intermediately nonlinear regimes, especially at high redshifts, with an accuracy that is surprising given the simplicity of the procedure used. This discovery not only offers a simple practical way of calculating the matter bispectrum, but also suggests that scale transformations may yet yield even deeper insights into the physics of hierarchical clustering.
Jun Pan; Peter Coles; Istvan Szapudi
Chalking up a Marine Blooming Alga: Genome Fills a Gap in the Tree of Life
June 12, 2013 June 12, 2013 Chalking up a Marine Blooming Alga: Genome Fills a Gap in the Tree of Life To World War II soldiers, "The White Cliffs of Dover" was a morale-boosting song that lifted spirits in dark times. To geographers, the white cliffs mark the point at which England is closest to continental Europe. To scientists, the white cliffs are towering structures made of the chalky, white shells that envelop the single-celled photosynthetic alga known as Emiliania huxleyi. "Ehux" is a coccolithophore, with an exoskeleton made of calcium carbonate. Even though the process by which the alga's "armor" forms releases carbon dioxide, Ehux can trap as much as 20 percent of organic carbon, derived from CO2, in some marine ecosystems. The white cliffs of Dover are composed of the chalky, white shells that envelop the single-celled photosynthetic alga known as Emiliania huxleyi.
Detection and characterization of multiple power quality disturbances with a fast S-transform and decision tree based classifier
This paper proposes fast variants of the discrete S-transform (FDST) algorithm to accurately extract the time localized spectral characteristics of nonstationary signals. Novel frequency partitioning schemes along with band pass filtering are proposed ... Keywords: Decision tree, Fast S-transform, Pattern recognition, Power quality waveform detection, Power system quality
Milan Biswal, P. K. Dash
Extraction of non-forest trees for biomass assessment based on airborne and terrestrial LiDAR data
The main goal of the federal funded project 'LiDAR based biomass assessment' is the nationwide investigation of the biomass potential coming from wood cuttings of non-forest trees. In this context, first and last pulse airborne laserscanning (F+L) data ... Keywords: LiDAR, correlation, point cloud, segmentation, three-dimensional, vegetation
Matthias Rentsch; Alfons Krismann; Peter Krzystek
Tree-Ring-Based Reconstruction of Precipitation in the Bighorn Basin, Wyoming, since 1260 a.d
Cores and cross sections from 79 Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) trees at four sites in the Bighorn Basin of north-central Wyoming and south-central Montana were used to develop a proxy for annual (June�June) ...
Stephen T. Gray; Christopher L. Fastie; Stephen T. Jackson; Julio L. Betancourt
An Experimental Study of RSS-Based Indoor Localization Using Nonparametric Belief Propagation Based on Spanning Trees
Nonparametric belief propagation (NBP) is the well-known method for cooperative localization in wireless sensor networks. It is capable to provide information about location estimation with appropriate uncertainty and to accommodate non-Gaussian distance ... Keywords: Indoor localization, nonparametric belief propagation, spanning tree, breadth first search, sensor networks
Vladimir Savic; Adri�n Poblaci�n; Santiago Zazo; Mariano Garc�a
A Tree-Based TESLA Broadcast Authentication for Sensor Networks Donggang Liu Peng Ning Sencun Zhu Sushil Jajodia
A Tree-Based µTESLA Broadcast Authentication for Sensor Networks Donggang Liu Peng Ning Sencun Zhu to multiple nodes in an authenticated way. µTESLA and multi-level µTESLA have been proposed to provide of senders. Though multi-level µTESLA schemes can scale up to large sensor networks (in terms of receivers
Zhu, Sencun
Using an implicit min/max KD-tree for doing efficient terrain line of sight calculations
The generation of accurate Line of Sight (LOS) visibility information consumes significant resources in large scale synthetic environments such as many-on-many serious games and battlefield simulators. Due to the importance of optimum utilisation of ... Keywords: implicit kd-tree, line of sight, spherical earth
Bernardt Duvenhage
A fast parallel algorithm for finding a most reliable source on a general ring-tree graph with unreliable edges
Given an unreliable communication network, we aim to find a most reliable source (MRS) on the network, which maximizes the expected number of nodes that are reachable from it. Although the problem of finding an MRS on general graphs is #P-hard, it is ... Keywords: complementary dynamic programming, general ring-tree graph, most reliable source, parallel algorithm
Wei Ding; Guoliang Xue
Extracting forest canopy structure from spatial information of high resolution optical imagery: tree crown size versus leaf area index
Leaves are the primary interface where energy, water and carbon exchanges occur between the forest ecosystems and the atmosphere. Leaf area index (LAI) is a measure of the amount of leaf area in a stand, and the tree crown size characterizes how leaves ...
C. Song; M. B. Dickinson
1 | Valuing Ecosystem Services provided by Edinburgh's Trees | Tony Hutchings, Vicki Lawrence & Andy Brunt | 06/03/2013
mitigate climate change by binding up carbon in above-ground and below-ground parts of woody vegetation air quality, offsetting carbon emissions, promoting biodiversity, limiting the risk of flooding services that trees can provide. The benefits quantified in this study were carbon storage
A tree-based-trend-diffusion prediction procedure for small sample sets in the early stages of manufacturing systems
Product life cycles are becoming shorter, especially in the electronics industry. The issue of time to market has thus become a core competency for firms to increase market share. In order to shorten the cycle time from product design to mass production, ... Keywords: M5' model tree, Multi-layer ceramic capacitor, Small data set, Trend-diffusion, Virtual sample
Der-Chiang Li; Chien-Chih Chen; Che-Jung Chang; Wu-Kuo Lin
A comparative study of artificial neural networks, and decision trees for digital game content stocks price prediction
Precise prediction of stock prices is difficult chiefly because of the many intervening factors. Unpredictability is particularly notable in the aftermath of the global financial crisis. Data mining may however be used to discover highly correlated estimation ... Keywords: Artificial neural networks (ANN), C&RT, Decision tree, Stock price forecasting
Tsung-Sheng Chang
A divide-and-conquer algorithm for computing a most reliable source on an unreliable ring-embedded tree
Given an unreliable communication network, we seek a most reliable source (MRS) of the network, which maximizes the expected number of nodes that are reachable from it. The problem of computing an MRS in general graphs is #P-hard. However, this problem ... Keywords: divide-and-conquer algorithm, most reliable source, ring-tree, underlying topology
Development of a computer-aided fault tree synthesis methodology for quantitative risk analysis in the chemical process industry
There has been growing public concern regarding the threat to people and environment from industrial activities, thus more rigorous regulations. The investigation of almost all the major accidents shows that we could have avoided those tragedies with effective risk analysis and safety management programs. High-quality risk analysis is absolutely necessary for sustainable development. As a powerful and systematic tool, fault tree analysis (FTA) has been adapted to the particular need of chemical process quantitative risk analysis (CPQRA) and found great applications. However, the application of FTA in the chemical process industry (CPI) is limited. One major barrier is the manual synthesis of fault trees. It requires a thorough understanding of the process and is vulnerable to individual subjectivity. The quality of FTA can be highly subjective and variable. The availability of a computer-based FTA methodology will greatly benefit the CPI. The primary objective of this research is to develop a computer-aided fault tree synthesis methodology for CPQRA. The central idea is to capture the cause-and-effect logic around each item of equipment directly into mini fault trees. Special fault tree models have been developed to manage special features. Fault trees created by this method are expected to be concise. A prototype computer program is provided to illustrate the methodology. Ideally, FTA can be standardized through a computer package that reads information contained in process block diagrams and provides automatic aids to assist engineers in generating and analyzing fault trees. Another important issue with regard to QRA is the large uncertainty associated with available failure rate data. In the CPI, the ranges of failure rates observed could be quite wide. Traditional reliability studies using point values of failure rates may result in misleading conclusions. This dissertation discusses the uncertainty with failure rate data and proposes a procedure to deal with data uncertainty in determining safety integrity level (SIL) for a safety instrumented system (SIS). Efforts must be carried out to obtain more accurate values of those data that might actually impact the estimation of SIL. This procedure guides process hazard analysts toward a more accurate SIL estimation and avoids misleading results due to data uncertainty.
Wang, Yanjun
Biofuels development in Maine: Using trees to oil the wheels of sustainability -Maine news, sports, obituaries, weather -Bangor Daily News http://bangordailynews.com/2013/03/12/opinion/biofuels-development-in-maine-using-trees-to-oil-the-wheels-of-sustain
Biofuels development in Maine: Using trees to oil the wheels of sustainability - Maine news, sports, obituaries, weather - Bangor Daily News http://bangordailynews.com/2013/03/12/opinion/biofuels-development-in-maine-using-trees-to-oil-the-wheels-of-sustainability/print/[3/13/2013 1:54:43 PM] Biofuels development
Thomas, Andrew
Uncluttered single-image visualization of the abdominal aortic vessel tree: Method and evaluation
Purpose: The authors develop a method to visualize the abdominal aorta and its branches, obtained by CT or MR angiography, in a single 2D stylistic image without overlap among branches. Methods: The abdominal aortic vasculature is modeled as an articulated object whose underlying topology is a rooted tree. The inputs to the algorithm are the 3D centerlines of the abdominal aorta, its branches, and their associated diameter information. The visualization problem is formulated as an optimization problem that finds a spatial configuration of the bounding boxes of the centerlines most similar to the projection of the input into a given viewing direction (e.g., anteroposterior), while not introducing intersections among the boxes. The optimization algorithm minimizes a score function regarding the overlap of the bounding boxes and the deviation from the input. The output of the algorithm is used to produce a stylistic visualization, made of the 2D centerlines modulated by the associated diameter information, on a plane. The authors performed a preliminary evaluation by asking three radiologists to label 366 arterial branches from the 30 visualizations of five cases produced by the method. Each of the five patients was presented in six different variant images, selected from ten variants with the three lowest and three highest scores. For each label, they assigned confidence and distortion ratings (low/medium/high). They studied the association between the quantitative metrics measured from the visualization and the subjective ratings by the radiologists. Results: All resulting visualizations were free from branch overlaps. Labeling accuracies of the three readers were 93.4%, 94.5%, and 95.4%, respectively. For the total of 1098 samples, the distortion ratings were low: 77.39%, medium: 10.48%, and high: 12.12%. The confidence ratings were low: 5.56%, medium: 16.50%, and high: 77.94%. The association study shows that the proposed quantitative metrics can predict a reader's subjective ratings and suggests that the visualization with the lowest score should be selected for readers. Conclusions: The method for eliminating misleading false intersections in 2D projections of the abdominal aortic tree conserves the overall shape and does not diminish accurate identifiability of the branches.
Won, Joong-Ho; Rosenberg, Jarrett; Rubin, Geoffrey D.; Napel, Sandy [Department of Electrical Engineering and Department of Health Research and Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States); Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305 (United States)
DisClose: Discovering Colossal Closed Itemsets via a Memory Efficient Compact Row-Tree
Itemset mining has recently focused on discovery of frequent itemsets from high-dimensional datasets with relatively few rows and a larger number of items. With exponentially in-creasing running time as average row length increases, mining such datasets renders most conventional algorithms impracti-cal. Unfortunately, large cardinality closed itemsets are likely to be more informative than small cardinality closed itemsets in this type of dataset. This paper proposes an approach, called DisClose, to extract large cardinality (colossal) closed itemsets from high-dimensional datasets. The approach relies on a memory-efficient Compact Row-Tree data structure to represent itemsets during the search process. The search strategy explores the transposed representation of the dataset. Large cardinality itemsets are enumerated first followed by smaller ones. In addition, we utilize a minimum cardinality threshold to further reduce the search space. Experimental result shows that DisClose can complete the extraction of colossal closed itemsets in the considered dataset, even for low support thresholds. The algorithm immediately discovers closed itemsets without needing to check if each new closed itemset has previously been found.
Zulkurnain, Nurul F.; Keane, John A.; Haglin, David J.
A Performance Comparison of Tree and Ring Topologies in Distributed System
A distributed system is a collection of computers that are connected via a communication network. Distributed systems have become commonplace due to the wide availability of low-cost, high performance computers and network devices. However, the management infrastructure often does not scale well when distributed systems get very large. Some of the considerations in building a distributed system are the choice of the network topology and the method used to construct the distributed system so as to optimize the scalability and reliability of the system, lower the cost of linking nodes together and minimize the message delay in transmission, and simplify system resource management. We have developed a new distributed management system that is able to handle the dynamic increase of system size, detect and recover the unexpected failure of system services, and manage system resources. The topologies used in the system are the tree-structured network and the ring-structured network. This thesis presents the research background, system components, design, implementation, experiment results and the conclusions of our work. The thesis is organized as follows: the research background is presented in chapter 1. Chapter 2 describes the system components, including the different node types and different connection types used in the system. In chapter 3, we describe the message types and message formats in the system. We discuss the system design and implementation in chapter 4. In chapter 5, we present the test environment and results, Finally, we conclude with a summary and describe our future work in chapter 6.
Min Huang
Magnitude of 1999 release to the ORR truly unique Record of the 14C-Pulse in Tree Rings
. 14C in 2000 Vegetation Samples 14C in 2000 foliage suggested that the ecosystem signature could be exploited for carbon cycle studies. )/1( 2000 2001 t- = e N N 0 200 400 600 31-Dec-93 1-Jan-95 2-Jan-96 2 Objectives The 1999 14C Event The Event Record of the 14C-Pulse in Tree Rings 14 C in 2000 Vegetation Samples
Occurrence of Sustained Droughts in the Interior Pacific Northwest (A.D. 1733�1980) Inferred from Tree-Ring Data
The occurrence of moderate and severe sustained droughts in the interior Pacific Northwest (PNW) from 1733 to 1980 was mapped using 18 western juniper (Juniperus occidentalis var. occidentalis Hook.) tree-ring chronologies. The frequency and ...
Paul A. Knapp; Peter T. Soul�; Henri D. Grissino-Mayer
Comparison of Sea Level Pressure Reconstructions from Western North American Tree Rings with a Proxy Record of Winter Severity in Japan
Reconstructions of winter (December-February) sea level pressure (SLP) from western North American tree-ring chronologies are compared with a proxy record of winter severity in Japan derived from the historically documented freeze dates of Lake ...
G. A. Gordon; J. M. Lough; H. C. Fritts; P. M. Kelly
First Report of Nectria galligena Causing European Canker of Apple Trees in Ontario. A. R. Biggs, Agriculture Canada Research Station, Vineland Station, Ontario LOR 2EO. Plant
First Report of Nectria galligena Causing European Canker of Apple Trees in Ontario. A. R. Biggs, Agriculture Canada Research Station, Vineland Station, Ontario LOR 2EO. Plant Disease 69:1007, 1985. Accepted
Biggs, Alan R.
Use of UK-DMC 2 and ALOS PALSAR for studying the age of oil palm trees in southern peninsular Malaysia
This article demonstrates some techniques for studying the age of oil palm trees Elaeis guineensis Jacq. using the Disaster Monitoring Constellation 2 from the UK UK-DMC 2 and Advanced Land Observing Satellite phased array ...
KianPang Tan, KasturiDevi Kanniah, ArthurPhilip Cracknell
??Studies have not been conducted examining the influence of the spatial distribution of LiDAR-derived tree measuresments and their affects the predictive ability of LiDAR-derived forest� (more)
Londo, Hilary Alexis
Assessment of tree toxicity near the F- and H-Area seepage basins of the Savannah River Site
Areas of tree mortality, originating in 1979, have been documented downslope of the F- and H-Area Seepage Basins. The basins were used as discharge areas for low-level radioactive and nonradioactive waste. Preliminary studies indicated that there are three possible causes of stress: altered hydrology; hazardous chemicals; and nonhazardous chemicals. It was originally hypothesized that the most likely hydrological stressors to Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora were flooding where water levels cover the lenticels for more than 26 percent of the growing season, resulting in low oxygen availability, and toxins produced under anaerobic conditions. In fact, trees began to show stress only flowing a drought year (1977) rather than a wet year. Dry conditions could exacerbate stress by concentrating contaminants, particularly salt. Study of the soil and water chemical parameters in the impacted sites indicated that salt concentrations in the affected areas have produced abnormally high exchangeable sodium percentages. Furthermore, significantly elevated concentrations of heavy metals were found in each impacted site, although no one metal was consistently elevated. Evaluation of the concentrations of various chemicals toxic to Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora revealed that aluminum was probably the most toxic in the F-Area. Manganese, cadmium, and zinc had concentrations great enough to be considered possible causes of tree mortality in the F-Area. Aluminum was the most likely cause of mortality in the H-Area. Controlled experiments testing metal and salt concentration effects on Nyssa sylvatica would be needed to specifically assign cause and effect mortality relationships.
Loehle, C. (ed.) (Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (USA)); Richardson, C.J. (ed.); Greenwood, K.P.; Hane, M.E.; Lander, A.J. (Duke Univ., Durham, NC (USA))
Use of the Registered Tree Growth Regulators Paclobutrazol (Profile (R) 2SC) and Flurprimidol (Cutless (R)) in the State of New York
Modern electric distribution systems require a program of management to provide space between tree parts and electrical conductors and equipment. Tree growth regulator chemicals -- such as the EPA-approved paclobutrazol (commercial product Profile (R) 2SC) and flurprimidol (commercial product Cutless (R)) -- serve as part of an integrated vegetation management program for achieving this goal. This report presents a Generic Environmental Impact Statement (GEIS) for submission to the New York Department of...
Post-fire Tree Establishment Patterns at the Subalpine Forest-Alpine Tundra Ecotone: A Case Study in Mount Rainier National Park
Climatic changes have induced striking altitudinal and latitudinal vegetation shifts throughout history. These shifts will almost certainly recur in the future; threatening other flora and fauna, and influencing climate feedback loops. Changes in the spatial distribution of vegetation are most conspicuous at physiognomically distinct ecotones, particularly between the subalpine forest and alpine tundra. Traditionally, ecological research has linked abiotic variables with the position of this ecotone (e.g., cold temperatures inhibit tree survival at high elevations). Thus, the prevailing assumption states that this ecotone is in equilibrium or quasi-equilibrium with the surrounding physical environment and that any dynamic shifts express direct linkages with the physical environment. This dissertation employs a landscape ecology approach to examine the abiotic and biotic ecological mechanisms most important in controlling tree establishment at this ecotone. The study site is on the western slopes of Mount Rainier, which was severely burned by a slash fire in 1930. Therefore, a crucial underlying assumption is that the ecological mechanisms controlling tree establishment are similar at disturbed and undisturbed sites. I exploited the use of 1970 CORONA satellite imagery and 2003 aerial photography to map 33 years of changes in arboreal vegetation. I created detailed maps of abiotic variables from a LIDAR-based DEM and biotic variables from classified remotely sensed data. I linked tree establishment patterns with abiotic and biotic variables in a GIS, and analyzed the correlations with standard logistic regression and logistic regression in the hierarchical partitioning framework at multiple spatial resolutions. A biotic factor (proximity to previously existing trees) was found to exert a strong influence on tree establishment patterns; equaling and in most cases exceeding the significance of the abiotic factors. The abiotic setting was more important at restricted spatial extents near the extreme upper limits of the ecotone and when analyzing coarse resolution data, but even in these cases proximity to existing trees remained significant. The strong overall influence of proximity to existing trees on patterns of tree establishment is unequivocal. If the underlying assumption of this dissertation is true, it challenges the long-held ecological assumption that vegetation in mountainous terrain is in equilibrium with and most strongly influenced by the surrounding physical environment.
Stueve, Kirk M.
Attack Tree Based Information Security Risk Assessment Method Integrating Enterprise Objectives with Vulnerabilities IAJIT First Online Publication
Abstract: In order to perform the analysis and mitigation efforts related with the Information Security risks there exists quantitative and qualitative approaches, but the most critical shortcoming of these methods is the fact that the outcome mainly addresses the needs and priorities of the technical community rather than the management. For the enterprise management, this information is essentially required as a decision making aid for the asset allocation and the prioritization of mitigation efforts. So ideally the outcome of an information security risk method must be in synchronization with the enterprise objectives to act as a useful decision tool for the management. Also in the modelling of the threat domain, attack trees are frequently utilized. However the execution of attack tree modelling is costly from the effort and timing requirements and also has inherent scalability issues. So within this article our design-science research based work on an information security risk assessment method that addresses these two issues of enterprise objective inclusion and model scalability will be outlined.
Bugra Karabey; Nazife Baykal
Partitioning in trees and soil (PiTS) - a experimental approach to improve knowledge of forest carbon dynamics
Summary The dynamics of rapid changes in carbon (C) partitioning within forest ecosystems are not well understood, which limits improvement of mechanistic models of C cycling. Our objective was to inform model processes by describing relationships between C partitioning and accessible environmental or physiological measurements, with a special emphasis on belowground C flux. We exposed eight 7-year-old loblolly pine trees to air enriched with 13CO2 and then implemented adjacent light shade (LS) and heavy shade (HS) treatments in order to manipulate C uptake and flux. A soil pit was dug adjacent to the trees to provide greater access belowground. The impacts of shading on photosynthesis, plant water potential, sap flow, basal area growth, root growth, and soil C exchange rate (CER) were assessed for each tree over a three-week period. The progression of the 13C label was concurrently tracked from the atmosphere through foliage, phloem, roots, and soil CO2 efflux. The HS treatment significantly reduced C uptake, sap flow, stem growth and root standing crop, and resulted in greater residual soil water content to 1 m depth. Sap flow was strongly correlated with CER on the previous day, but not the current day, with no apparent treatment effect on the relationship. The 13C label was immediately detected in foliage on label day (half-life = 0.5 d), progressed through phloem by day 2 (half-life = 4.7 d), roots by day 2-4, and subsequently was evident as respiratory release from soil which peaked between days 3-6. The 13C of soil CO2 efflux was strongly correlated with phloem 13C on the previous day, or two days earlier. These data detail the timing and relative magnitude of C flux through a young pine stand in relation to environmental conditions. Refinement of belowground sampling will be necessary to adequately separate and quantify the flux of recently fixed C into roots, and fate of that new C as respiratory, mycorrhizal or exudative release, storage or partitioning into new root biomass.
Warren, Jeffrey [ORNL; Garten Jr, Charles T [ORNL; Iversen, Colleen M [ORNL; Norby, Richard J [ORNL; Thornton, Peter E [ORNL; Weston, David [ORNL; Gu, Lianhong [ORNL; Brice, Deanne Jane [ORNL; Childs, Joanne [ORNL; Evans, R [University of Tennessee, Knoxville (UTK)
Application of accident progression event tree technology to the Savannah River Site Defense Waste Processing Facility SAR analysis
The Accident Analysis in the Safety Analysis Report (SAR) for the Savannah River Site (SRS) Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) has recently undergone an upgrade. Non-reactor SARs at SRS (and other Department of Energy (DOE) sites) use probabilistic techniques to assess the frequency of accidents at their facilities. This paper describes the application of an extension of the Accident Progression Event Tree (APET) approach to accidents at the SRS DWPF. The APET technique allows an integrated model of the facility risk to be developed, where previous probabilistic accident analyses have been limited to the quantification of the frequency and consequences of individual accident scenarios treated independently. Use of an APET allows a more structured approach, incorporating both the treatment of initiators that are common to more than one accident, and of accident progression at the facility.
Brandyberry, M.D.; Baker, W.H.; Wittman, R.S. [Westinghouse Savannah River Co., Aiken, SC (United States); Amos, C.N. [Science Applications International Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Classification Tree Methods for Analysis of Mesoscale Distribution of Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) in Trentino, Italian Alps
Cases of Lyme disease and tick borne encephalitis were recently recognized in the province of Trento, Italian Alps. Assessment of areas of potential risk for these tick-borne diseases is carried out by a model based on CART (Classification and Regression Trees), using both discrete and continuous variables. Data on Ixodes ricinus (L.) occurrence resulted from samplings carried out by standard methods in 99 sites over an area of 2; 700 km 2 in the Province of Trento. A series of environmental parameters were recorded from each site and population densities of roe deer, Capreolus capreolus (L.), were considered. The CART model discriminates two variables which appear to have the greatest effect on the mesoscale occurrence of ticks: altitude and geological substratum with drastic decrease of tick frequency above � 1; 100 m a:s:l: or on volcanic substrata. The model is effective in identifying the mesoscale areas at greater potential risk, with a relatively low sampling effort. KEY WOR...
Ixodes Ricinus; Stefano Merler; Cesare Furlanello; Claudio Chemini; Gianni Nicolini
Spatial distributions of tree species in a subtropical forest of China Lin Li, Zhongliang Huang, Wanhui Ye, Honglin Cao, Shiguang Wei, Zhigao Wang, Juyu Lian,
Spatial distributions of tree species in a subtropical forest of China Lin Li, Zhongliang Huang. Li, Z. Huang (email@example.com), W. Ye, H. Cao, S. Wei, Z. Wang and J. Lian, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou, PR China. LL and SW also at: Guilin Univ. of Electronic
He, Fangliang
Non-pulp utilization of above-ground biomass of mixed-species forests of small trees
This solution proposes to rehabilitate annually - by clear felling, site preparation, and planting - 25,000 acres of level to rolling land averaging about 490 cubic feet per acre of stemwood in small hardwood trees 5 inches in diameter at breast height (dbh) and larger, and of many species, plus an equal volume of above-ground biomass in stembark and tops, and in trees smaller than 5 inches in dbh. By usual utilization procedures, such wood is an unmerchantable residue from the harvest of merchantable southern pines. On an annual basis, 398,265 tons (oven-dry basis) of such wood and bark will be harvested and converted in an energy self-sufficient plant to the following: 208,688 tons of structural flakeboard sheathing and decking (sold at $200/ton), 16,298 tons of decorative hardwood plywood ($400/ton), and 20.191 tons of long fabricated joists with parallel-laminated veneer flanges and flakeboard webs ($600/ton), for a total product yield of about 60% - all on a dry-weight basis. Following are projected operating results and other essential data for a three-shift operation: capital investment, including working capital, $50,000,000; operating costs, annual, $40,000,000; sales, annual, $60,371,400; net profit, annual (before income taxes) $20,371,400; return on sales 33.7%; return on investment 40.7%; number of mill employees (harvesting and planting are contracted 250; electrical energy purchased annually 0 kWh; diesel fuel and propane for front-end loaders and lift trucks (oil equivalent) 150,000 gallons; wood residues burned annually (oven-dry-weight basis), all available from mill residues. (Refs. 16).
Koch, P.
Impact of Screening on Behavior During Storage and Cost of Ground Small-Diameter Pine Trees: A Case Study
Whole comminuted trees are known to self-heat and undergo quality changes during storage. Trommel screening after grinding is a process that removes fines from the screened material and removes a large proportion of high-ash, high-nutrient material. In this study, the trade-off between an increase in preprocessing cost from trommel screening and an increase in quality of the screened material was examined. Fresh lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) was comminuted using a drum grinder with a 10-cm screen, and the resulting material was distributed into separate fines and overs piles. A third pile of unscreened material, the unsorted pile, was also examined. The three piles exhibited different characteristics during a 6-week storage period. The overs pile was much slower to heat. The overs pile reached a maximum temperature of 56.88 degrees C, which was lower than the maximum reached by the other two piles (65.98 degrees C and 63.48 degrees C for the unsorted and fines, respectively). The overs also cooled faster and dried to a more uniform moisture content and had a lower ash content than the other two piles. Both piles of sorted material exhibited improved airflow and more drying than the unsorted material. Looking at supply system costs from preprocessing through in-feed into thermochemical conversion, this study found that trommel screening reduced system costs by over $3.50 per dry matter ton and stabilized material during storage.
Erin Searcy; Brad D Blackwelder; Mark E Delwiche; Allison E Ray; Kevin L Kenney
Monitoring peak power and cooling energy savings of shade trees and white surfaces in the Sacramento Municipal Utility District (SMUD) service area: Project design and preliminary results
Urban areas in warm climates create summer heat islands of daily average intensity of 3--5{degrees}C, adding to discomfort and increasing air-conditioning loads. Two important factors contributing to urban heat islands are reductions in albedo (lower overall city reflectance) and loss of vegetation (less evapotranspiration). Reducing summer heat islands by planting vegetation (shade trees) and increasing surface albedos, saves cooling energy, allows down-sizing of air conditioners, lowers air-conditioning peak demand, and reduces the emission of CO{sub 2} and other pollutants from electric power plants. The focus of this multi-year project, jointly sponsored by SMUD and the California Institute for Energy Efficiency (CIEE), was to measure the direct cooling effects of trees and white surfaces (mainly roofs) in a few buildings in Sacramento. The first-year project was to design the experiment and obtain base case data. We also obtained limited post retrofit data for some sites. This report provides an overview of the project activities during the first year at six sites. The measurement period for some of the sites was limited to September and October, which are transitional cooling months in Sacramento and hence the interpretation of results only apply to this period. In one house, recoating the dark roof with a high-albedo coating rendered air conditioning unnecessary for the month of September (possible savings of up to 10 kWh per day and 2 kW of non-coincidental peak power). Savings of 50% relative to an identical base case bungalow were achieved when a school bungalow`s roof and southeast wall were coated with a high-albedo coating during the same period. Our measured data for the vegetation sites do not indicate conclusive results because shade trees were small and the cooling period was almost over. We need to collect more data over a longer cooling season in order to demonstrate savings conclusively.
Akbari, H.; Bretz, S.; Hanford, J.; Rosenfeld, A.; Sailor, D.; Taha, H. [Lawrence Berkeley Lab., CA (United States); Bos, W. [Sacramento Municipal Utility District, CA (United States)
Deriving a Framework for Estimating Individual Tree Measurements with Lidar for Use in the TAMBEETLE Southern Pine Beetle Infestation Growth Model
The overall goal of this study was to develop a framework for using airborne lidar to derive inputs for the SPB infestation growth model TAMBEETLE. The specific objectives were (1) to estimate individual tree characteristics of XY location, individual bole height (IBH), diameter at breast height (DBH), length of crown (CrHT), and age for use in TAMBEETLE; (2) to estimate individual tree age using lidar-estimated height and site index provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) Soil Survey Geographic Database (SSURGO); and (3) to compare TAMBEETLE simulation results using field measurements and lidarderived measurements as inputs. Diameter at breast height, individual bole height, and crown length were estimated using lidar with an error for mean measurements at plot level of 0.16cm, 0.19m, and 1.07m, respectively. These errors were within root mean square error (RMSE) for other studies at the study site. Age was estimated using the site index provided by SSURGO and the site index curves created for the study area with an RMSE of 4.8 years for mean plot age. Underestimation of tree height by lidar and error in the site index curve explained 91% of the error in mean plot age. TAMBEETLE was used to compare spot growth between a lidar-derived forest map and a forest map generated by TAMBEETLE, based on sample plot characteristics. The lidar-derived forest performed comparably to the TAMBEETLE generated forest. Using lidar to map forests can provide the large spatial extents of the TAMBEETLE generated forest while maintaining the spatially explicit forest characteristics, which were previously only available through field measurements.
Stukey, Jared D.
Spanning Trees and Forests
The subtour elimination constraints (2) ensure that no subgraph induced by S contains a cycle; combined with Equation (1), this also guarantees connectivity.
Oak Tree Reproduction
a warm spring and a summer with enough rain (like this summer) we will have a heavy crop of acorns in autumn. That's why a heavy crop of acorns is not a indicator of the...
Lazy tree splitting
Nested data-parallelism (NDP) is a language mechanism that supports programming irregular parallel applications in a declarative style. In this paper, we describe the implementation of NDP in Parallel ML (PML), which is a part of the Manticore system. ...
Lars Bergstrom; Matthew Fluet; Mike Rainey; John Reppy; Adam Shaw
Nested data-parallelism (NDP) is a declarative style for programming irregular parallel applications. NDP languages provide language features favoring the NDP style, efficient compilation of NDP programs, and various common NDP operations like parallel ... Keywords: compilers, nested-data-parallel languages, run-time systems, scheduling
Lars Bergstrom; Mike Rainey; John Reppy; Adam Shaw; Matthew Fluet
Random Trees and Applications
converged to a final wR2 = [~w(F2o - F2)/EwF4] I/2 = 0.2425 for all 18 930 data between 1.04 and 10.0,A
Durrett, Richard
Measurement of single top quark production in the tau+jets channnel using boosted decision trees at D0
The top quark is the heaviest known matter particle and plays an important role in the Standard Model of particle physics. At hadron colliders, it is possible to produce single top quarks via the weak interaction. This allows a direct measurement of the CKM matrix element V{sub tb} and serves as a window to new physics. The first direct measurement of single top quark production with a tau lepton in the final state (the tau+jets channel) is presented in this thesis. The measurement uses 4.8 fb{sup -1} of Tevatron Run II data in p{bar p} collisions at {radical}s = 1.96 TeV acquired by the D0 experiment. After selecting a data sample and building a background model, the data and background model are in good agreement. A multivariate technique, boosted decision trees, is employed in discriminating the small single top quark signal from a large background. The expected sensitivity of the tau+jets channel in the Standard Model is 1.8 standard deviations. Using a Bayesian statistical approach, an upper limit on the cross section of single top quark production in the tau+jets channel is measured as 7.3 pb at 95% confidence level, and the cross section is measured as 3.4{sub -1.8}{sup +2.0} pb. The result of the single top quark production in the tau+jets channel is also combined with those in the electron+jets and muon+jets channels. The expected sensitivity of the electron, muon and tau combined analysis is 4.7 standard deviations, to be compared to 4.5 standard deviations in electron and muon alone. The measured cross section in the three combined final states is {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} tb + X,tqb + X) = 3.84{sub -0.83}{sup +0.89} pb. A lower limit on |V{sub tb}| is also measured in the three combined final states to be larger than 0.85 at 95% confidence level. These results are consistent with Standard Model expectations.
Liu, Zhiyi; /Simon Fraser U.
Unsupervised intralingual and cross-lingual speaker adaptation for HMM-based speech synthesis using two-pass decision tree construction
with the Pass 2 leaf node contexts. C-Na sal?L-V ow el? L-Vo wel? C-Vo wel? � C-Na sal? L-Vo wel? C-Vo wel? � C-Na sal? R-st res sed? 2 syl lable s in u tt? � Pass 1 Pass 2 R-st res sed? 2 3 C-Na sal?L-V ow el? 2 syl lable s in utt? 1 4 5 C-Na sal?L-V ow el... ? 5 4 3 2 1 Full con text mo dels (singl e-c om pone nt) Trip hone mo dels (mult i-com pone nt) Map ping Inve rse ma ppin g Mod el ma ppin g Fig. 1. Two-pass decision tree construction. Mapping functions permit sharing of components between full...
Gibson, Matthew; Byrne, William
A tree-decomposed transfer matrix for computing exact Potts model partition functions for arbitrary graphs, with applications to planar graph colourings
Combining tree decomposition and transfer matrix techniques provides a very general algorithm for computing exact partition functions of statistical models defined on arbitrary graphs. The algorithm is particularly efficient in the case of planar graphs. We illustrate it by computing the Potts model partition functions and chromatic polynomials (the number of proper vertex colourings using Q colours) for large samples of random planar graphs with up to N=100 vertices. In the latter case, our algorithm yields a sub-exponential average running time of ~ exp(1.516 sqrt(N)), a substantial improvement over the exponential running time ~ exp(0.245 N) provided by the hitherto best known algorithm. We study the statistics of chromatic roots of random planar graphs in some detail, comparing the findings with results for finite pieces of a regular lattice.
Andrea Bedini; Jesper Lykke Jacobsen
Method of particle trajectory recognition in particle flows of high particle concentration using a candidate trajectory tree process with variable search areas
The application relates to particle trajectory recognition from a Centroid Population comprised of Centroids having an (x, y, t) or (x, y, f) coordinate. The method is applicable to visualization and measurement of particle flow fields of high particle. In one embodiment, the centroids are generated from particle images recorded on camera frames. The application encompasses digital computer systems and distribution mediums implementing the method disclosed and is particularly applicable to recognizing trajectories of particles in particle flows of high particle concentration. The method accomplishes trajectory recognition by forming Candidate Trajectory Trees and repeated searches at varying Search Velocities, such that initial search areas are set to a minimum size in order to recognize only the slowest, least accelerating particles which produce higher local concentrations. When a trajectory is recognized, the centroids in that trajectory are removed from consideration in future searches.
Shaffer, Franklin D.
Fish recognition based on the combination between robust feature selection, image segmentation and geometrical parameter techniques using Artificial Neural Network and Decision Tree
We presents in this paper a novel fish classification methodology based on a combination between robust feature selection, image segmentation and geometrical parameter techniques using Artificial Neural Network and Decision Tree. Unlike existing works for fish classification, which propose descriptors and do not analyze their individual impacts in the whole classification task and do not make the combination between the feature selection, image segmentation and geometrical parameter, we propose a general set of features extraction using robust feature selection, image segmentation and geometrical parameter and their correspondent weights that should be used as a priori information by the classifier. In this sense, instead of studying techniques for improving the classifiers structure itself, we consider it as a black box and focus our research in the determination of which input information must bring a robust fish discrimination.The main contribution of this paper is enhancement recognize and classify fishes...
Alsmadi, Mutasem Khalil Sari; Noah, Shahrul Azman; Almarashdah, Ibrahim
GROUP 4: Is biomass burning carbon-neutral? Global environment aspect. It is argued that since trees take CO2 out of the air and give off oxygen as they grow,
GROUP 4: Is biomass burning carbon-neutral? Global environment aspect. It is argued that since trees take CO2 out of the air and give off oxygen as they grow, that by burning them we are just putting in terms of CO2 in the atmosphere. Investigate the national scene, which seems very pro- biomass burning
Consideration of Dose Limits for Organs at Risk of Thoracic Radiotherapy: Atlas for Lung, Proximal Bronchial Tree, Esophagus, Spinal Cord, Ribs, and Brachial Plexus
Purpose: To review the dose limits and standardize the three-dimenional (3D) radiographic definition for the organs at risk (OARs) for thoracic radiotherapy (RT), including the lung, proximal bronchial tree, esophagus, spinal cord, ribs, and brachial plexus. Methods and Materials: The present study was performed by representatives from the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group, European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, and Soutwestern Oncology Group lung cancer committees. The dosimetric constraints of major multicenter trials of 3D-conformal RT and stereotactic body RT were reviewed and the challenges of 3D delineation of these OARs described. Using knowledge of the human anatomy and 3D radiographic correlation, draft atlases were generated by a radiation oncologist, medical physicist, dosimetrist, and radiologist from the United States and reviewed by a radiation oncologist and medical physicist from Europe. The atlases were then critically reviewed, discussed, and edited by another 10 radiation oncologists. Results: Three-dimensional descriptions of the lung, proximal bronchial tree, esophagus, spinal cord, ribs, and brachial plexus are presented. Two computed tomography atlases were developed: one for the middle and lower thoracic OARs (except for the heart) and one focusing on the brachial plexus for a patient positioned supine with their arms up for thoracic RT. The dosimetric limits of the key OARs are discussed. Conclusions: We believe these atlases will allow us to define OARs with less variation and generate dosimetric data in a more consistent manner. This could help us study the effect of radiation on these OARs and guide high-quality clinical trials and individualized practice in 3D-conformal RT and stereotactic body RT.
Kong, Feng-Ming, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan and Ann Arbor Veteran Affairs Medical System, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Ritter, Timothy [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan and Ann Arbor Veteran Affairs Medical System, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Quint, Douglas J. [Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Senan, Suresh [Department of Radiation Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam (Netherlands); Gaspar, Laurie E. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO (United States); Komaki, Ritsuko U. [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (United States); Hurkmans, Coen W. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven (Netherlands); Timmerman, Robert [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX (United States); Bezjak, Andrea [Department of Radiation Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Toronto, ON (Canada); Bradley, Jeffrey D. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (United States); Movsas, Benjamin [Department of Radiation Oncology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (United States); Marsh, Lon [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan and Ann Arbor Veteran Affairs Medical System, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); Okunieff, Paul [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States); Choy, Hak [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX (United States); Curran, Walter J. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Emory University Cancer Center, and Winship Cancer institute, Atlanta, GA (United States)
The use of stored carbon reserves in growth of temperate tree roots and leaf buds: Analyses using radiocarbon measurements and modeling
Characterizing the use of carbon (C) reserves in trees is important for understanding regional and global C cycles, stress responses, asynchrony between photosynthetic activity and growth demand, and isotopic exchanges in studies of tree physiology and ecosystem C cycling. Using an inadvertent, whole-ecosystem radiocarbon ({sup 14}C) release in a temperate deciduous oak forest and numerical modeling, we estimated that the mean age of stored C used to grow both leaf buds and new roots is 0.7 years and about 55% of new-root growth annually comes from stored C. Therefore, the calculated mean age of C used to grow new-root tissue is {approx}0.4 years. In short, new roots contain a lot of stored C but it is young in age. Additionally, the type of structure used to model stored C input is important. Model structures that did not include storage, or that assumed stored and new C mixed well (within root or shoot tissues) before being used for root growth, did not fit the data nearly as well as when a distinct storage pool was used. Consistent with these whole-ecosystem labeling results, the mean age of C in new-root tissues determined using 'bomb-{sup 14}C' in three additional forest sites in North America and Europe (one deciduous, two coniferous) was less than 1-2 years. The effect of stored reserves on estimated ages of fine roots is unlikely to be large in most natural abundance isotope studies. However, models of root C dynamics should take stored reserves into account, particularly for pulse-labeling studies and fast-cycling roots (<1 years).
Gaudinski, J.B.; Torn, M.S.; Riley, W.J.; Swanston, C.; Trumbore, S.E.; Joslin, J.D.; Majdi, H.; Dawson, T.E.; Hanson, P.J.
Browse wiki | Open Energy Information
of this rider is to establish ... The purpose of this rider is to establish rates, terms and conditions for providing net metering service to residential and small commercial...
of this rider is to establish ... The purpose of this rider is to establish rates, terms and conditions for providing net metering services to customers generating electricity...
Data:Ee7e9519-592a-48d9-8608-c4836519c318 | Open Energy Information
e9519-592a-48d9-8608-c4836519c318 e9519-592a-48d9-8608-c4836519c318 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 16 Sector: Commercial Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Data:9ec9ecbe-c744-441b-867b-6aada38b1fc6 | Open Energy Information
ecbe-c744-441b-867b-6aada38b1fc6 ecbe-c744-441b-867b-6aada38b1fc6 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 3 Sector: Commercial Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Data:9382e2fc-dac2-462e-ba98-fdcb96c634f0 | Open Energy Information
e2fc-dac2-462e-ba98-fdcb96c634f0 e2fc-dac2-462e-ba98-fdcb96c634f0 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 1 Sector: Residential Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Data:F358e502-527d-49b0-b8e7-16ce8282b8fb | Open Energy Information
8e502-527d-49b0-b8e7-16ce8282b8fb 8e502-527d-49b0-b8e7-16ce8282b8fb No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 32 Sector: Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Data:51ac99ac-313f-4582-9db8-7bc4524fc9e9 | Open Energy Information
ac-313f-4582-9db8-7bc4524fc9e9 ac-313f-4582-9db8-7bc4524fc9e9 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 41 Sector: Industrial Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Data:83df7de7-3769-409a-a8cf-9ddb4751dbc2 | Open Energy Information
df7de7-3769-409a-a8cf-9ddb4751dbc2 df7de7-3769-409a-a8cf-9ddb4751dbc2 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 7 Sector: Industrial Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Data:3805ae9e-aff3-4262-9dcb-448410ce66a1 | Open Energy Information
ae9e-aff3-4262-9dcb-448410ce66a1 ae9e-aff3-4262-9dcb-448410ce66a1 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 33 Sector: Industrial Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Data:4658ce36-6ae9-4812-abc1-e340fd31ffd2 | Open Energy Information
ce36-6ae9-4812-abc1-e340fd31ffd2 ce36-6ae9-4812-abc1-e340fd31ffd2 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Kenergy Corp Effective date: 2011/09/01 End date if known: Rate name: Renewable Resource Energy Service Rider - Schedule 5 Sector: Industrial Description: APPLICABLE In all territory served. AVAILABILITY OF SERVICE Renewable Resource Energy service is available in accordance with the terms of this tariff rider to any customer purchasing retail electric service under a rate schedule listed on Sheet No. 23A of this rider subject to Kenergy's general rules and regulations on file with the Public Service Comrnission of Kentucky. For purposes of this renewable resource energy service tariff rider, (i) the term "Renewable Resource Energy" means electric energy produced from solar, wind, ocean, geothermal energy, biomass, or landfill gas, and (ii) the term "biomass" means any organic material that is available on a renewable or recurring basis, including dedicated energy crops, trees grown for energy production, wood waste and wood residues, plants (including aquatic plants, grasses, and agricultural crops), residues, fibers, animal wastes and other organic waste materials (but not including unsegregated municipal solid waste (garbage)), and fats and oils. CONDITIONS OF SERVICE (1) Renewable Resource Energy service availability is contingent upon the availability from ' Kenergy's wholesale power supplier of a wholesale supply of Renewable Resource Energy in the quantity and at the quality requested by a customer. (2) Subject to the other requirements of this tariff rider, Kenergy will make Renewable Resource Energy service available to a customer if the customer signs a Renewable Resource Energy service contract in the form attached to this tariff rider agreeing to purchase a specified number of 100 KWH blocks of Renewable Resource Energy per month for a period of not less than one year, and that contract is accepted by Kenergy's wholesale power supplier. Kenergy will have the right, but not the obligation, to terminate a Renewable Resource Energy service contract at the request of the customer before the end of the contract term.
Marine Hydroelectric Company | Open Energy Information
Marine Hydroelectric Company Jump to: navigation, search Name Marine Hydroelectric Company Address 24040 Camino Del Avion A 107 Place Monarch Beach Sector Marine and Hydrokinetic...
EA-1800: DOE's Proposed Financial Assistance to Illinois for...
00: DOE's Proposed Financial Assistance to Illinois for the Monarch Warren County Wind Turbine Project, Lenox Township, Warren County, Illinois EA-1800: DOE's Proposed Financial...
Labelled tree sequents, Tree hypersequents and Nested (Deep) Sequents
model yields the linear trend log W(s) + log s + log C, (33) where + is simply obtained via a standard
Goré, Rajeev
Street Trees and Intersection Safety
feet is one of the standard right-of-way widths for a fourin the public right-of-way, and standards for the placementStandard Landscape Details (SD-34) for City Projects and Right-of-Way,
Macdonald, Elizabeth; Harper, Alethea; Williams, Jeff; Hayter, Jason A.
New Tree of Life 11
Join, renew or donate online at ed.fnal.govffse or use this form. Fermilab Friends for Science Education Please accept my donation of to Fermilab...
Tree health update Sarah Green
;25/03/20116 Symptoms on Lawson cypress #12;25/03/20117 Symptoms on yew #12;25/03/20118 Damage toll · A survey on Lawson cypress #12;25/03/201110 Aerial lesions on Lawson cypress #12;25/03/201111 Diagnostics · Take bark via roots, but French outbreaks show aerial infections · Evidence that P. lateralis can be air
Environmental Impact | Browse Tree Results
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Environmental Impact. From climate change to biodiversity loss - documenting man's impact. CAB International. Home. Abstracts Database. News Articles. ...
streets and the design of street lights on a typical street.Roadway signs: 10 feet � Street lights: 10 feet for palmlines: 5 feet Street lights: 15 feet Not specified Not
streets and the design of street lights on a typical street.Roadway signs: 10 feet � Street lights: 10 feet for palmelectrical lines: 5 feet Street lights: 15 feet City of
Top Quark Produced Through the Electroweak Force: Discovery Using the Matrix Element Analysis and Search for Heavy Gauge Bosons Using Boosted Decision Trees
The top quark produced through the electroweak channel provides a direct measurement of the V{sub tb} element in the CKM matrix which can be viewed as a transition rate of a top quark to a bottom quark. This production channel of top quark is also sensitive to different theories beyond the Standard Model such as heavy charged gauged bosons termed W{prime}. This thesis measures the cross section of the electroweak produced top quark using a technique based on using the matrix elements of the processes under consideration. The technique is applied to 2.3 fb{sup -1} of data from the D0 detector. From a comparison of the matrix element discriminants between data and the signal and background model using Bayesian statistics, we measure the cross section of the top quark produced through the electroweak mechanism {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} tb + X, tqb + X) = 4.30{sub -1.20}{sup +0.98} pb. The measured result corresponds to a 4.9{sigma} Gaussian-equivalent significance. By combining this analysis with other analyses based on the Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) and Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) method, the measured cross section is 3.94 {+-} 0.88 pb with a significance of 5.0{sigma}, resulting in the discovery of electroweak produced top quarks. Using this measured cross section and constraining |V{sub tb}| 0.78. Additionally, a search is made for the production of W{prime} using the same samples from the electroweak produced top quark. An analysis based on the BDT method is used to separate the signal from expected backgrounds. No significant excess is found and 95% C.L. upper limits on the production cross section are set for W{prime} with masses within 600-950 GeV. For four general models of W{prime} boson production using decay channel W{prime} {yields} t{bar b}, the lower mass limits are the following: M(W{prime}{sub L} with SM couplings) > 840 GeV; M(W{prime}{sub R}) > 880 GeV or 890 GeV if the right-handed neutrino is lighter or heavier than W{prime}{sub R}; and M(W{prime}{sub L+R}) > 915 GeV.
Pangilinan, Monica; /Brown U.
The top quark produced through the electroweak channel provides a direct measurement of the V{sub tb} element in the CKM matrix which can be viewed as a transition rate of a top quark to a bottom quark. This production channel of top quark is also sensitive to different theories beyond the Standard Model such as heavy charged gauged bosons termed W{prime}. This thesis measures the cross section of the electroweak produced top quark using a technique based on using the matrix elements of the processes under consideration. The technique is applied to 2.3 fb{sup -1} of data from the D0 detector. From a comparison of the matrix element discriminants between data and the signal and background model using Bayesian statistics, we measure the cross section of the top quark produced through the electroweak mechanism {sigma}(p{bar p} {yields} tb + X, tqb + X) = 4.30{sub -1.20}{sup +0.98} pb. The measured result corresponds to a 4.9{sigma} Gaussian-equivalent significance. By combining this analysis with other analyses based on the Bayesian Neural Network (BNN) and Boosted Decision Tree (BDT) method, the measured cross section is 3.94 {+-} 0.88 pb with a significance of 5.0{sigma}, resulting in the discovery of electroweak produced top quarks. Using this measured cross section and constraining |V{sub tb}| < 1, the 95% confidence level (C.L.) lower limit is |V{sub tb}| > 0.78. Additionally, a search is made for the production of W{prime} using the same samples from the electroweak produced top quark. An analysis based on the BDT method is used to separate the signal from expected backgrounds. No significant excess is found and 95% C.L. upper limits on the production cross section are set for W{prime} with masses within 600-950 GeV. For four general models of W{prime} boson production using decay channel W{prime} {yields} t{bar b}, the lower mass limits are the following: M(W{prime}{sub L} with SM couplings) > 840 GeV; M(W{prime}{sub R}) > 880 GeV or 890 GeV if the right-handed neutrino is lighter or heavier than W{prime}{sub R}; and M(W{prime}{sub L+R}) > 915 GeV.
fundamental information on the behavior of released radwastes, and (3) to obtain information that might with three general problems: (1) the safe disposal of liquid, solid, and gaseous wastes associated into the river where it promptly sank to radioactive liquid wastes. The pits were also the bottom. The new Clinch
Supplement Analysis for the Transmission System Vegetation Management Program FEIS (DOE/EIS-0285/SA-111) - (Fairview-Brandon #1, Fairview-Brandon #2 and Fairview-Rogue #1access road, danger tree and structure clearing) 9/25/02
25, 25, 2002 REPLY TO ATTN OF: KEPR-4 SUBJECT: Supplement Analysis for the Transmission System Vegetation Management Program FEIS (DOE/EIS-0285/SA-111) - (Fairview-Bandon #1, Fairview-Bandon #2 and Fairview-Rogue #1access road, danger tree and structure clearing) Benjamin Tilley Natural Resource Specialist Proposed Action: Vegetation Management for the Fairview-Bandon #1and #2 and Fairview- Rogue #1 transmission lines. Location: Throughout the Fairview-Bandon #1, Fairview-Bandon #2 and Fairview-Rogue #1 corridors located within Coos and Curry counties in Oregon. Proposed by: Bonneville Power Administration (BPA). Description of the Proposal: Tall-growing vegetation that is currently or will soon be a hazard to the line will be removed. Vegetation that will grow tall will be selectively eliminated before it reaches a height or density to begin competing with low-growing
High-loop perturbative renormalization constants for Lattice QCD (II): three-loop quark currents for tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action and n_f=2 Wilson fermions
Numerical Stochastic Perturbation Theory was able to get three- (and even four-) loop results for finite Lattice QCD renormalization constants. More recently, a conceptual and technical framework has been devised to tame finite size effects, which had been reported to be significant for (logarithmically) divergent renormalization constants. In this work we present three-loop results for fermion bilinears in the Lattice QCD regularization defined by tree-level Symanzik improved gauge action and n_f=2 Wilson fermions. We discuss both finite and divergent renormalization constants in the RI'-MOM scheme. Since renormalization conditions are defined in the chiral limit, our results also apply to Twisted Mass QCD, for which non-perturbative computations of the same quantities are available. We emphasize the importance of carefully accounting for both finite lattice space and finite volume effects. In our opinion the latter have in general not attracted the attention they would deserve.
Brambilla, Michele
D D DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR MONARCH WARREN COUNTY WIND TURBINE PROJECT LENOX TOWNSHIP WARREN COUNTY, ILLINOIS US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Golden Field Office FEBRUARY 2011 DOE/EA-1800D DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR MONARCH WARREN COUNTY WIND TURBINE PROJECT LENOX TOWNSHIP WARREN COUNTY, ILLINOIS US Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Golden Field Office FEBRUARY 2011 DOE/EA-1800D i February 2011 COVER SHEET RESPONSIBLE AGENCY: U.S. Department of Energy TITLE: Draft Environmental Assessment: Monarch Warren County Wind Turbine Project,
Data:28468e00-1c87-4710-94d0-dbb006a5efa9 | Open Energy Information
01 End date if known: Rate name: SGS-10-TOU-S - TIme-of-Use for Small General Service Schools Sector: Commercial Description: Applicable with Rider REST-TS1 and Rider R-2 charges....
Data:E6473cb3-2dbe-4e9f-8d6d-2dd172e2b96c | Open Energy Information
Rate name: LGS - TOU S - Large General Service Time of Use Large General Service Schools Sector: Commercial Description: Applicable with Rider REST-TS1 and Rider R-2 charges....
Data:92b39dc5-25ee-47a3-9783-208b379ea2aa | Open Energy Information
certain communities, bills are subject to a surcharge as describe in the Surcharge Rider. Energy usage (kWh sales) is exempt from the Power Cost Adjustment Rider. Source or...
Data:9d24c068-56f2-4af9-9f16-69ff7cad82ac | Open Energy Information
certain communities, bills are subject to a surcharge as describe in the Surcharge Rider. Energy usage (kWh sales) is subject to the Power Cost Adjustment Rider (0.009197 for July...
Data:470047fc-e14b-47d0-aa16-e00605154b1c | Open Energy Information
Data:2d1cf2cf-fd20-4232-a3d5-213c341b3d66 | Open Energy Information
Jacksonville Electric Authority | Open Energy Information
Electric Authority Electric Authority Jump to: navigation, search Name Jacksonville Electric Authority Place Florida Utility Id 9617 References Energy Information Administration.[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png CS Curtailable Service Rider Option A CS Curtailable Service Rider Option A Primary Service Discount CS Curtailable Service Rider Option A Transmission Service 69000-230000 Discount CS Curtailable Service Rider Option A Transmission Service 230000+ volts Discount CS Curtailable Service Rider Option B CS Curtailable Service Rider Option B 230000+ volts CS Curtailable Service Rider Option B Primary Service Discount CS Curtailable Service Rider Option B Transmission Service 69000-230000
Columbus Southern Power Co | Open Energy Information
Cogeneration andor Small Power Production -single phase Commercial Experimental Critical Peak Pricing Service Residential Experimental Direct Load Control Rider Residential...
Moose Moose Nature Bulletin No. 504-A October 27, 1973 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation MOOSE The word "moose" came to us from Algonquian Indians. Consequently its plural, instead of being "mooses" or "meese", is the same as the singular. That is true of most Indian names whether of a tribe, such as the Winnebago and Potawatomi, or of an object such as papoose. It is also true of many wildlife names not of Indian origin -- for example: deer, mink and grouse. Moose are the monarchs of the north woods, particularly forests surrounding innumerable lakes and swamps. They are splendid swimmers fond of wading into waters where they dredge up lily roots and other aquatic plants. On land, although they do graze on grasses and sedges, moose are primarily browsers feeding on the leaves and tender twigs of hardwood trees and shrubs, especially willows, in summer; on balsam and white cedar or other conifers in winter: on twigs and bark in early spring.
When crop transgenes wander in California, should we worry?
et al. 2001. Impact of Bt corn pollen on monarch butter?ycourse, would be, �Yes, Bt in corn reduces envi- ronmentalProcesses for Non-Food Corn. Biosafety Institute for
Ellstrand, Norman C.
Open neighborhood locating-dominating in trees
For a graph G that models a facility or a multiprocessor network, detection devices can be placed at the vertices so as to identify the location of an intruder such as a thief or saboteur or a faulty processor. Open neighborhood locating-dominating sets ... Keywords: Domination, Open neighborhood locating-dominating set
Suk J. Seo; Peter J. Slater
Native Shade Trees to Replace Elms
by rows of stately graceful elms with arching limbs forming canopies like a cathedral roof, are denuded now or lined with their gaunt skeletons. Champaign originated as a...
Trees and forests in British society
is understood and acted on by countryside users. One specific focus is Lyme disease. Many people take much
Conference on "Trees, Woods and Forests in
and Community Research Institute 14. Denial of risk in a restorative environment: The case of Lyme disease. Dr
An exact tree projection algorithm for wavelets
approach has its roots in the minimal cost-complexity pruning algorithm for .... is obtained by identifying the set ? ? Tk on which y has maximum energy. ... To maximize efficiency, optimal subtrees are in fact only found for all cardinalities which.
array, a 250-kWh battery bank, a 30-kW inverterbattery charger, and a 30-kW back- up propane generator. These recommendations, costing about 273,000 to implement fully, had...
PHAST: Hardware-Accelerated Shortest Path Trees
We present a novel algorithm to solve the nonnegative single-source shortest path problem on road networks and other graphs with low highway dimension. After a quick preprocessing phase, we can compute all distances from a given source in the graph with ...
Daniel Delling; Andrew V. Goldberg; Andreas Nowatzyk; Renato F. Werneck
20001:1:obama family tree
... 20959:1:african american. 20960:1:pest control education. 20961:1:compare salaries. 20962:1:"diy+audio". 20963:1:candlestick park earthquake. ...
Paths, Trees and Matchings under Disjunctive Constraints
contain isolated vertices (i.e. edges of G which can be combined with all other .... opposite vertex �yi is only connected to its neighbors on this cycle by edges.
a buyer's guide Trees for Conservation
.....................................................................................5 Buffaloberry ...............................................................................6 Four-wing Mountain mahogany .................................................................8 Red-osier dogwood
Can America's ash trees be saved?
, and portions of the south- eastern US could supply bio-refineries with the raw materials needed to manu an enhanced source of biofuels." Poplar's rapid growth and its rela- tively compact genome size of 480 mil for biofuel pro- duction. "Under optimal conditions, poplars can add a dozen feet of growth each year
Research Report Trees, people and the built
application-specific user-oriented numerical models and advanced algorithms. The system is being validated to the project SoDa are those related to the engineering of solar systems, and to buildings and daylight- ing performance of solar home PV-systems Modeling performance of grid connected PV-systems Daylighting
Poplar trees could be genetically modified to
- Evaluating microorganisms for production of biofuels and bioproducts - Producing inhibitor-resistant and high-product-tolerant microorganisms for biofuels production · Aerobic and heterotrophic algal process development - Studying the effect of the environment on algae growth and lipid production - Using algae residue as a feedstock
Fire Videos Dramatize Christmas Tree Safety Measures
... As the weather grows cold and people start planning for the holidays, researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST ...
Enumeration of some labelled trees - CECM
Th eorie des esp eces et applications au d enombrement de cartes et de cactus planaires, Ph.D. thesis,. LaCIM, Universit e du Qu ebec a Montr eal, 1999. 4.