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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
The Application of Diode-Clamped Cascaded Inverter in the Direct-Driven Wind Power System
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Power inverter is widely used in direct-driven variable speed constant frequency (VSVF) wind power system. With the level of wind power jumping from the kilowatt to megawatt, topologies and control of inverter have a corresponding change. Considering ... Keywords: direct-driven wind power, multi-level inverter, diode-clamped cascaded inverter, PD-SPWM and CPS-SPWM
Xianglian Xu; Pingting Xu; Zilin Tang; Gang Tang; Xiaole Ye
Integration of Xantrex HY-100 Hybrid Inverter with an AC Induction Wind Turbine
SciTech Connect
Several issues must be addressed before solid-state inverters can be used in wind-diesel systems with larger wind turbines. This project addresses those issues by using a commercial hybrid inverter designed for PV-diesel systems and modifying the inverter for use with an AC induction wind turbine. Another approach would have entailed building an inverter specifically for use with an AC induction wind turbine, but that was beyond the scope of this project. The inverter chosen for this project was a Xantrex HY-100, an inverter designed for PV systems. The unit consists of an inverter/rectifier bridge, a generator interface contactor, a battery charge controller, a hybrid controller, and the associated control electronics. Details of the inverter may be found in Appendix A. A twofold approach was taken to integrating the existing inverter for use with an AC induction wind turbine: 1) development of a detailed model to model both steady-state and transient behavior of the system, and 2) modification and testing of the inverter with an induction wind turbine based on the modeling results. This report describes these two tasks.
Corbus, D.; Newcomb, C.; Friedly, S.
A New Multi-level Inverter with FACTS Capabilities for Wind Applications
The modular multilevel converter (MMC) is an attractive topology for HVDC/FACTS systems. In this paper a new single-phase MMC-based D-STATCOM inverter for grid connection is proposed. The proposed inverter is designed for grid-connected wind turbines ... Keywords: D-STATCOM, Modular Multi-level Converter, Renewable Energy Source
Pedram Sotoodeh, Ruth Douglas Miller
A Stator-Voltage Decoupling Control Strategy for No-Load Cutting-in Process of DFIG-based Wind Power Turbines
The performance of no-load cutting-in process is manly up to the stator-voltage control strategy for doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines. Compared with conventional steady mathematic model based one, a dynamic mathematic model based ... Keywords: dynamic model, no-load cutting-in process decoupling stator-voltage control, DFIG-based wind turbine
Shuying Yang, Long Zhan, Xing Zhang
A Generalized Inverter Control Method for a Variable Speed Wind Power System Under Unbalanced Operting Conditions.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
??This thesis presents a generalized control method for complete harmonic elimination and adjustable power factor of a grid side inverter under unbalanced operating conditions used� (more)
Wu, Shuang
ESB Networks Case Study on Distribution Volt-VAR Control Integrated with Wind Turbine Inverter Control
The key topic addressed in this Smart Grid Demonstration case study is how the decoupled reactive power capability of modern, doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind farms can be used to actively control voltage at the point of common coupling. This was done within the context of assessing technologies that will allow higher penetration of renewable resources without violating voltage limits on local distribution systems.A trial was conducted, using a section of Ireland�s ESB ...
Integrated Inverter Control for Multiple Electric Machines ...
Wind Energy; Partners (27 ... control for directing multiple inverters with a single ... 57, 62), which may include a three-phase main ...
Novel Control of PV Solar and Wind Farm Inverters as STATCOM for Increasing Connectivity of Distributed Generators.
??The integration of distributed generators (DGs) such as wind farms and PV solar farms in distribution networks is getting severely constrained due to problems of� (more)
AC, Mahendra
Thermal Study of Inverter Components: Preprint
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Thermal histories of inverter components were collected from operating inverters from several manufacturers and three locations. The data were analyzed to determine thermal profiles, the dependence on local conditions, and to assess the effect on inverter reliability. Inverter temperatures were shown to increase with the power dissipation of the inverters, follow diurnal and annual cycles, and have a dependence on wind speed. An accumulated damage model was applied to the temperature profiles and an example of using these data to predict reliability was explored.
Sorensen, N. R.; Thomas, E. V.; Quintana, M. A.; Barkaszi, S.; Rosenthal, A.; Zhang, Z.; Kurtz, S.
Multigrid Solution of the Semigeostrophic Invertibility Relation
In semigeostrophic theory one can recover the balanced wind and mass fields from the potential vorticity by solving a nonlinear elliptic boundary-value problem. This paper describes the efficient solution of this invertibility relation in two ...
Scott R. Fulton
Power inverters
DOE Patents (OSTI)
Power inverters include a frame and a power module. The frame has a sidewall including an opening and defining a fluid passageway. The power module is coupled to the frame over the opening and includes a substrate, die, and an encasement. The substrate includes a first side, a second side, a center, an outer periphery, and an outer edge, and the first side of the substrate comprises a first outer layer including a metal material. The die are positioned in the substrate center and are coupled to the substrate first side. The encasement is molded over the outer periphery on the substrate first side, the substrate second side, and the substrate outer edge and around the die. The encasement, coupled to the substrate, forms a seal with the metal material. The second side of the substrate is positioned to directly contact a fluid flowing through the fluid passageway.
Miller, David H. (Redondo Beach, CA); Korich, Mark D. (Chino Hills, CA); Smith, Gregory S. (Woodland Hills, CA)
Inverter Controlled Screw Air Compressor Manufacturers ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Inverter Controlled Screw Air Compressor, Inverter Controlled Screw Air Compressor Manufacturers & Suppliers Directory - Find here Inverter ...
Modelling and Control of an Inverted Pendulum Turbine
. In this project the feasibility of a new kind of wind turbine is studied. This thesis deals with the achievement of getting a proper mathematical model of a new kind of wind turbine, called the inverted pendulum turbine is inherently unstable system. In order to control this wind turbine an optimal control has been investigated
Status and Needs of Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Inverters
Photovoltaics is the utility connected distributed energy resource (DER) that is in widespread use today. It has one element, the inverter, which is common with all DER sources except rotating generators. The inverter is required to transfer dc energy to ac energy. With all the DER technologies, (solar, wind, fuel cells, and microturbines) the inverter is still an immature product that will result in reliability problems in fielded systems. Today, the PV inverter is a costly and complex component of PV systems that produce ac power. Inverter MTFF (mean time to first failure) is currently unacceptable. Low inverter reliability contributes to unreliable fielded systems and a loss of confidence in renewable technology. The low volume of PV inverters produced restricts the manufacturing to small suppliers without sophisticated research and reliability programs or manufacturing methods. Thus, the present approach to PV inverter supply has low probability of meeting DOE reliability goals. DOE investments in power electronics are intended to address the reliability and cost of power electronics. This report details the progress of power electronics, identifies technologies that are in current use, and explores new approaches that can provide significant improvements in inverter reliability while leading to lower cost. A key element to improved inverter design is the systems approach to design. This approach includes a list of requirements for the product being designed and a preliminary requirements document is a part of this report. Finally, the design will be for a universal inverter that can be applied to several technologies. The objective of a universal inverter is to increase the quantity being manufactured so that mass-manufacturing techniques can be applied. The report includes the requirements and recommended design approaches for a new inverter with a ten-year mean time to first failure (MTFF) and with lower cost. This development will constitute a ''leap forward'' in capability that leverages emerging technologies and best manufacturing processes to produce a new, high reliability, inverter. The targeted inverter size is from two to ten kilowatts. The report is organized into four sections. A brief introduction by Sandia is followed by Section Two from Millennium Technologies (a company with UPS experience). Section Three is provided by Xantrex (a PV manufacturing company) and the University of Minnesota provided Section Four. This report is very detailed and provides inverter design information that is irrelevant to the layman. It is intended to be a comprehensive documentation of proven technology and the manufacturing skills required to produce a high reliability inverter. An accompanying report will provide a summary of the recommended approach for inverter development.
Resonant snubber inverter
A resonant, snubber-based, soft switching, inverter circuit achieves lossless switching during dc-to-ac power conversion and power conditioning with minimum component count and size. Current is supplied to the resonant snubber branches solely by the main inverter switches. Component count and size are reduced by use of a single semiconductor switch in the resonant snubber branches. Component count is also reduced by maximizing the use of stray capacitances of the main switches as parallel resonant capacitors. Resonance charging and discharging of the parallel capacitances allows lossless, zero voltage switching. In one embodiment, circuit component size and count are minimized while achieving lossless, zero voltage switching within a three-phase inverter. 14 figs.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W. Sr.; Chen, D.; Scudiere, M.B.; Ott, G.W. Jr.; White, C.P.; McKeever, J.W.
A resonant, snubber-based, soft switching, inverter circuit achieves lossless switching during dc-to-ac power conversion and power conditioning with minimum component count and size. Current is supplied to the resonant snubber branches solely by the main inverter switches. Component count and size are reduced by use of a single semiconductor switch in the resonant snubber branches. Component count is also reduced by maximizing the use of stray capacitances of the main switches as parallel resonant capacitors. Resonance charging and discharging of the parallel capacitances allows lossless, zero voltage switching. In one embodiment, circuit component size and count are minimized while achieving lossless, zero voltage switching within a three-phase inverter.
Lai, Jih-Sheng (Knoxville, TN); Young, Sr., Robert W. (Oak Ridge, TN); Chen, Daoshen (Knoxville, TN); Scudiere, Matthew B. (Oak Ridge, TN); Ott, Jr., George W. (Knoxville, TN); White, Clifford P. (Knoxville, TN); McKeever, John W. (Oak Ridge, TN)
Invertible motion blur in video
We show that motion blur in successive video frames is invertible even if the point-spread function (PSF) due to motion smear in a single photo is non-invertible. Blurred photos exhibit nulls (zeros) in the frequency transform of the PSF, leading to ... Keywords: PSF, PSF estimation, computational photography, invertibility, motion deblurring
Amit Agrawal; Yi Xu; Ramesh Raskar
Definition: Inverter | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Inverter Inverter Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Inverter A device that converts direct current electricity to alternating current either for stand-alone systems or to supply power to an electricity grid.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition A power inverter, or inverter, is an electrical power converter that changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC). The input voltage, output voltage, and frequency are dependent on design. Static inverters do not use moving parts in the conversion process. Some applications for inverters include converting high-voltage direct current electric utility line power to AC, and deriving AC from DC power sources such as batteries. Related Terms Direct current, Alternating current, Electric grid, Distributed generation, alternating current, electricity generation, power, fuel
Gemini Synchronous Inverter
The Gemini Synchronous inverter is a solid state device that, when interposed between a variable-voltage DC power source and an AC power grid, converts the DC to AC at standard line voltages and frequencies. If more power is available from the DC source than is required by the load, the excess flows into the power grid. If less power is available than is required by the load the difference is provided by the power grid in the normal fashion.
Meyer, H.
Inverters Unlimited Inc | Open Energy Information
Unlimited Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Inverters Unlimited Inc Place New York Zip 12205 Sector Solar Product US-based manufacturer of solar inverters. References...
Loss of line shutdown for line-commutated utility-interactive inverter
The line-commutated, single-phase, utility-interactive inverter has been used in utility-connected photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy systems because it is commercially available at an attractive price. If unity power factor operation is required, a shunt capacitor can be used. This causes a problem if the utility line is disconnected; the inverter can continue to run and can thus be a hazard. This can be solved by using a fast-acting overvoltage detection circuit which operates directly on the inverter control electronics.
Landsman, E.E.
A method for reducing harmonics in output voltages of a double-connected inverter
A new method for reducing harmonics involved in output voltages of the double-connected inverter is proposed. By adding four auxiliary switching devices and an interphase transformer with secondary winding to the conventional 12-step inverter, output voltages of the proposed circuit can be almost the same waveforms as a conventional 36-step inverter. In this paper, circuit performances and output voltage waveforms are discussed, and the optimum parameters are derived. Then, effects on harmonic reductions can be clarified by theoretical and experimental results, and ratings of system components are investigated.
Masukawa, Shigeo; Iida, Shoji (Tokyo Denki Univ., Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Electrical Engineering)
Status and Needs of Power Electronics for Photovoltaic Inverters: Summary Document
Photovoltaic inverters are the most mature of any DER inverter, and their mean time to first failure (MTFF) is about five years. This is an unacceptable MTFF and will inhibit the rapid expansion of PV. With all DER technologies, (solar, wind, fuel cells, and microturbines) the inverter is still an immature product that will result in reliability problems in fielded systems. The increasing need for all of these technologies to have a reliable inverter provides a unique opportunity to address these needs with focused R&D development projects. The requirements for these inverters are so similar that modular designs with universal features are obviously the best solution for a ''next generation'' inverter. A ''next generation'' inverter will have improved performance, higher reliability, and improved profitability. Sandia National Laboratories has estimated that the development of a ''next generation'' inverter could require approximately 20 man-years of work over an 18- to 24-month time frame, and that a government-industry partnership will greatly improve the chances of success.
Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork Inverted Attic Bulkhead for HVAC Ductwork, Roseville, California (Fact Sheet), Building America...
Abstract--This paper addresses the problem of controlling wind energy conversion systems (WECS) which involve
Abstract-- This paper addresses the problem of controlling wind energy conversion systems (WECS-inverter. The goal of control is to maximize wind energy extraction and this needs letting the wind turbine rotor wind energy extraction) only for one wind speed value depending on the considered value of turbine
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Advanced Modular Inverter Technology Development
Electric and hybrid-electric vehicle systems require an inverter to convert the direct current (DC) output of the energy generation/storage system (engine, fuel cells, or batteries) to the alternating current (AC) that vehicle propulsion motors use. Vehicle support systems, such as lights and air conditioning, also use the inverter AC output. Distributed energy systems require an inverter to provide the high quality AC output that energy system customers demand. Today's inverters are expensive due to the cost of the power electronics components, and system designers must also tailor the inverter for individual applications. Thus, the benefits of mass production are not available, resulting in high initial procurement costs as well as high inverter maintenance and repair costs. Electricore, Inc. (www.electricore.org) a public good 501 (c) (3) not-for-profit advanced technology development consortium assembled a highly qualified team consisting of AeroVironment Inc. (www.aerovironment.com) and Delphi Automotive Systems LLC (Delphi), (www.delphi.com), as equal tiered technical leads, to develop an advanced, modular construction, inverter packaging technology that will offer a 30% cost reduction over conventional designs adding to the development of energy conversion technologies for crosscutting applications in the building, industry, transportation, and utility sectors. The proposed inverter allows for a reduction of weight and size of power electronics in the above-mentioned sectors and is scalable over the range of 15 to 500kW. The main objective of this program was to optimize existing AeroVironment inverter technology to improve power density, reliability and producibility as well as develop new topology to reduce line filter size. The newly developed inverter design will be used in automotive and distribution generation applications. In the first part of this program the high-density power stages were redesigned, optimized and fabricated. One of the main tasks was to design and validate new gate drive circuits to provide the capability of high temp operation. The new power stages and controls were later validated through extensive performance, durability and environmental tests. To further validate the design, two power stages and controls were integrated into a grid-tied load bank test fixture, a real application for field-testing. This fixture was designed to test motor drives with PWM output up to 50kW. In the second part of this program the new control topology based on sub-phases control and interphase transformer technology was successfully developed and validated. The main advantage of this technology is to reduce magnetic mass, loss and current ripple. This report summarizes the results of the advanced modular inverter technology development and details: (1) Power stage development and fabrication (2) Power stage validation testing (3) Grid-tied test fixture fabrication and initial testing (4) Interphase transformer technology development
Adam Szczepanek
Update on SIC-Based Inverter Technology
This paper presents a study of silicon carbide (SiC) technology which includes device characterization and modeling, inverter simulation, and test results for several prototype inverters. The static and dynamic characteristics of discrete devices and half bridge modules are presented. Test results of a 55 kW hybrid inverter with SiC Schottky diodes and an 18 kW all-SiC inverter using SiC JFETs and Schottky diodes are demonstrated.
Chinthavali, Madhu Sudhan [ORNL; Zhang, Hui [ORNL; Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Ozpineci, Burak [ORNL
Wind Turbinie Generator System Power Performance Test Report for the Mariah Windspire 1-kW Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a power performance test that NREL conducted on the Mariah Windspire 1-kW wind turbine. During this test, two configurations were tested on the same turbine. In the first configuration, the turbine inverter was optimized for power production. In the second configuration, the turbine inverter was set for normal power production. In both configurations, the inverter experienced failures and the tests were not finished.
Huskey, A.; Bowen, A.; Jager, D.
Effective switching frequency multiplier inverter
A switching frequency multiplier inverter for low inductance machines that uses parallel connection of switches and each switch is independently controlled according to a pulse width modulation scheme. The effective switching frequency is multiplied by the number of switches connected in parallel while each individual switch operates within its limit of switching frequency. This technique can also be used for other power converters such as DC/DC, AC/DC converters.
Su, Gui-Jia (Oak Ridge, TN); Peng, Fang Z. (Okemos, MI)
Ocean Surface Pressure Fields from Satellite-Sensed Winds
The University of Washington's planetary boundary layer model is inverted to use remotely sensed satellite scatterometer-derived surface winds as input to calculate maritime surface pressure fields. The analysis of three different synoptic storm ...
Robert A. Brown; Gad Levy
NREL: Wind Research - SWIFT Wind Turbine Testing and Results
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
SWIFT Wind Turbine Testing and Results SWIFT Wind Turbine Testing and Results The SWIFT wind turbine. Text Version As part of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and U.S. Department of Energy (NREL/DOE) Independent Testing project, NREL is testing the SWIFT small wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). The competitive grant was awarded to Cascade Engineering. The SWIFT is a 1-kilowatt (kW), five-bladed with outer ring, horizontal-axis upwind small wind turbine. The turbine's rotor diameter is 2 meters, and its hub height is 13.72 meters. The SWIFT uses a single-phase permanent-magnet generator rated at 1 kW grid connected through an inverter at 240 volts AC. Testing Summary Supporting data and explanations for data provided in this table will be provided in the final reports. Data presented are preliminary and subject
Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicle Applications
This paper presents multilevel inverters as an application for all-electric vehicle (EV) and hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) motor drives. Diode-clamped inverters and cascaded H-bridge inverters, (1) can generate near-sinusoidal voltages with only fundamental frequency switching; (2) have almost no electromagnetic interference (EMI) and common-mode voltage; and (3) make an EV more accessible/safer and open wiring possible for most of an EV'S power system. This paper explores the benefits and discusses control schemes of the cascade inverter for use as an EV motor drive or a parallel HEV drive and the diode-clamped inverter as a series HEV motor drive. Analytical, simulated, and experimental results show the superiority of these multilevel inverters for this new niche.
Habetler, T.G.; Peng, F.Z.; Tolbert, L.M.
System and method for regulating resonant inverters
A technique is provided for direct digital phase control of resonant inverters based on sensing of one or more parameters of the resonant inverter. The resonant inverter control system includes a switching circuit for applying power signals to the resonant inverter and a sensor for sensing one or more parameters of the resonant inverter. The one or more parameters are representative of a phase angle. The resonant inverter control system also includes a comparator for comparing the one or more parameters to a reference value and a digital controller for determining timing of the one or more parameters and for regulating operation of the switching circuit based upon the timing of the one or more parameters.
Stevanovic, Ljubisa Dragoljub (Clifton Park, NY); Zane, Regan Andrew (Superior, CO)
Shared inverter residential photovoltaic system concept
A residential photovoltaic system concept involving a number of separate roof-mounted arrays all connected to a single utility-interactive inverter is proposed and analyzed in comparison to systems employing one inverter for each array. The conclusion of significance is that such shared inverter systems offer a costs savings of approximately 10 percent. It is observed that other substantial benefits might derive from a reduction in the number of tie-in points between distributed generators and the electric utility grid.
Kern, E.C.; Solman, F.J.
Cascade Multilevel Inverters for Utility Applications
Cascade multilevel inverters have been developed by the authors for utility applications. A cascade M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 H- bridges in which each bridge has its own separate dc source. The new inverter: (1) can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage while only switching one time per fundamental cycle, (2) can eliminate transformers of multipulse inverters used in conventional utility interfaces and static var compensators, and (3) makes possible direct parallel or series connection to medium- and high-voltage power systems without any transformers. In other words, the cascade inverter is much more efficient and suitable for utility applications than traditional multipulse and pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. The authors have experimentally demonstrated the superiority of the new inverter for reactive power (var) and harmonic compensation. This paper will summarize features,feasibility, and control schemes of the cascade inverter for utility applications including utility interface of renewable energy, voltage regulation, var compensation, and harmonic filtering in power systems.Analytical, simulated, and experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the new inverters.
Peng, F.Z., McKeever, J.W., Adams, D.J.
Invert Effective Thermal Conductivity Calculation
The objective of this calculation is to evaluate the temperature-dependent effective thermal conductivities of a repository-emplaced invert steel set and surrounding ballast material. The scope of this calculation analyzes a ballast-material thermal conductivity range of 0.10 to 0.70 W/m {center_dot} K, a transverse beam spacing range of 0.75 to 1.50 meters, and beam compositions of A 516 carbon steel and plain carbon steel. Results from this calculation are intended to support calculations that identify waste package and repository thermal characteristics for Site Recommendation (SR). This calculation was developed by Waste Package Department (WPD) under Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) procedure AP-3.12Q, Revision 1, ICN 0, Calculations.
M.J. Anderson; H.M. Wade; T.L. Mitchell
Electrical system for pulse-width modulated control of a power inverter using phase-shifted carrier signals and related operating methods
Systems and methods are provided for pulse-width modulated control of power inverter using phase-shifted carrier signals. An electrical system comprises an energy source and a motor. The motor has a first set of windings and a second set of windings, which are electrically isolated from each other. An inverter module is coupled between the energy source and the motor and comprises a first set of phase legs coupled to the first set of windings and a second set of phase legs coupled to the second set of windings. A controller is coupled to the inverter module and is configured to achieve a desired power flow between the energy source and the motor by modulating the first set of phase legs using a first carrier signal and modulating the second set of phase legs using a second carrier signal. The second carrier signal is phase-shifted relative to the first carrier signal.
Welchko, Brian A. (Torrance, CA)
Integrated Inverter For Driving Multiple Electric Machines
An electric machine drive (50) has a plurality of inverters (50a, 50b) for controlling respective electric machines (57, 62), which may include a three-phase main traction machine (57) and two-phase accessory machines (62) in a hybrid or electric vehicle. The drive (50) has a common control section (53, 54) for controlling the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b) with only one microelectronic processor (54) for controlling the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b), only one gate driver circuit (53) for controlling conduction of semiconductor switches (S1-S10) in the plurality of inverters (50a, 50b), and also includes a common dc bus (70), a common dc bus filtering capacitor (C1) and a common dc bus voltage sensor (67). The electric machines (57, 62) may be synchronous machines, induction machines, or PM machines and may be operated in a motoring mode or a generating mode.
Su, Gui-Jia [Knoxville, TN; Hsu, John S [Oak Ridge, TN
Removing Barriers to Utility Interconnected Photovoltaic Inverters
The Million Solar Roofs Initiative has motivated a renewed interest in the development of utility interconnected photovoltaic (UIPV) inverters. Government-sponsored programs (PVMaT, PVBONUS) and competition among utility interconnected inverter manufacturers have stimulated innovations and improved the performance of existing technologies. With this resurgence, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has developed a program to assist industry initiatives to overcome barriers to UIPV inverters. In accordance with newly adopted IEEE 929-2000, the utility interconnected PV inverters are required to cease energizing the utility grid when either a significant disturbance occurs or the utility experiences an interruption in service. Compliance with IEEE 929-2000 is being widely adopted by utilities as a minimum requirement for utility interconnection. This report summarizes work done at the SNL balance-of-systems laboratory to support the development of IEEE 929-2000 and to assist manufacturers in meeting its requirements.
Gonzalez, S.; Bonn, R.H.; Ginn, J.W.
Extreme Winds and Wind Effects on Structures
Extreme Winds and Wind Effects on Structures. The Engineering ... section. I. Extreme Winds: ... II. Wind Effects on Buildings. Database ...
This technical report evaluates and develops options for reducing the amount of steel in the emplacement drift invert. Concepts developed in the ''Invert Configuration and Drip Shield Interface'' were evaluated to determine material properties required for the proposed invert concepts. Project requirements documents prescribe the use of a carbon steel frame for the invert with a granular material of crushed tuff as ballast. The ''Invert Configuration and Drip Shield Interface'' developed three concepts: (1) All-Ballast Invert; (2) Modified Steel Invert with Ballast; and (3) Steel Tie with Ballast Invert. Analysis of the steel frame members, runway beams, and guide beams, for the modified steel invert with ballast, decreased the quantity of steel in the emplacement drift invert, however a substantial steel support frame for the gantry and waste package/pallet assembly is still required. Use of one of the other two concepts appears to be an alternative to the steel frame and each of the concepts uses considerably less steel materials. Analysis of the steel tie with ballast invert shows that the bearing pressure on the ballast under the single steel tie, C 9 x 20, loaded with the waste package/pallet assembly, drip shield, and backfill exceeds the upper bound of the allowable bearing capacity for tuff used in this study. The single tie, C 10 x 20, will also fail for the same loading condition except for the tie length of 4.2 meters and longer. Analysis also shows that with two ties, C 9 or 10 x 20's, the average ballast pressure is less than the allowable bearing capacity. Distributing the waste package/pallet, drip shield, and backfill loads to two steel ties reduces the contact bearing pressure. Modifying the emplacement pallet end beams to a greater width, reducing the tie spacing, and increasing the width of the ties would ensure that the pallet beams are always supported by two steel ties. Further analysis is required to determine compatible tie size and spacing and pallet beam width. Testing is also required to determine the bearing capacity of the tuff materials. Analysis of the all-ballast invert shows that the waste package/pallet assembly, as currently designed, can be supported by the compacted crushed tuff. The drip shield and related backfill loads cannot be supported by the compacted crushed tuff because of the narrow base angle that currently supports the drip shield. Increasing the width of the base angle of the drip shield will better distribute the drip shield and backfill load to the compacted crushed tuff. Testing is required to determine the bearing capacity of the tuff materials. Emplacement/retrieval equipment will also require analysis and development to be compatible with the all-ballast invert.
M. E. Taylor and D. H. Tang
Definition: Controllable and Regulating Inverter | Open Energy Information
Controllable and Regulating Inverter Controllable and Regulating Inverter Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Controllable and Regulating Inverter Inverters are used to convert Direct Current (DC), the form of electricity produced by solar panels and batteries, to Alternating Current (AC), the form of electricity that comes from most wall plugs. A controllable/regulating inverter can adjust its output to help control voltage and power factor, enabling it to provide grid support. This is important because today, inverter standards are designed to prevent inverters from trying to regulate power beyond the point where they are connected to the grid.[1] Related Terms Direct Current, Alternating Current, electricity generation, inverter References ↑ https://www.smartgrid.gov/category/technology/controllable_and_regulating_inverter
NREL: Wind Research - National Wind Technology Center Blade Testing Video
Center Blade Testing Video (Text Version) Center Blade Testing Video (Text Version) Below is the text version for the National Wind Technology Center Blade Testing Video. The video opens with the NREL and NWTC logos, surrounded by black screen and including the title: "NWTC Test Facility Introduction, Dr. Fort Felker, Director of the National Wind Technology Center, TRT 1:42, May 29, 2013." Fort Felker is in a yellow helmet and vest, standing in the NWTC's testing facility. There is a railing to his left, construction cones behind him, and a ladder to his right. Fort Felker: "I'm Fort Felker, I'm the director at the Department of Energy's National Wind Technology Center." Fort's name and title cut in on the right. Fort walks toward the camera while talking. Fort Felker: "Here at the NWTC, we have been conducting structural testing
EERE: Wind
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE) Indexed Site
EERE: Buildings The U.S. Department of Energy funds R&D to develop wind energy. Learn about the DOE Wind Program, how to use wind energy and get financial incentives, and access...
WIND ENERGY Wind Energ. (2012)
WIND ENERGY Wind Energ. (2012) Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary since energy production depends non-linearly on wind speed (U ), and wind speed observa- tions for the assessment of future long-term wind supply A. M. R. Bakker1 , B. J. J. M. Van den Hurk1 and J. P. Coelingh2 1
Haak, Hein
Using Cascade Multilevel Inverters Fang Zheng Peng, Senior Member...
Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI)
power flows into the inverter for positive Icd and out from the inverter for negative led. The SVG generates leading reactive power when IC, is positive and lagging reactive...
NREL: Learning - National Wind Technology Center Video (Text Version)
National Wind Technology Center Video (Text Version) National Wind Technology Center Video (Text Version) This is the text version for the National Wind Technology Center video. The video opens with spinning blades of wind turbines and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory logo. It then cuts to images of windmills turning on farms. The video cuts in between shots of wind turbines and face-to-face interviews of scientists from NREL's National Wind Technology Center. (Voiceover) It is a pure, plentiful natural resource. Jim Johnson, Senior Engineer: "Right now, wind is in high demand." (Voiceover) And it holds the potential to transform the way we power our homes and businesses. Fort Felker, National Wind Technology Center Director: "It's changing the way power is being made in the country. It's really having an impact."
Charge Controller and Inverter: for Solar Panel
The main purpose of this project is to design an inverter that will enable the inversion of a DC power source, supplied by Photovoltaic (PV) Cells, to an AC power source that will be either used to supply a load or connected directly to the utility grid. ...
Hadaate Ullah; Golam Moktader Nayeem; Mohammad Arif Sobhan Bhuiyan
Pulse width modulation inverter with battery charger
An inverter is connected between a source of DC power and a three-phase AC induction motor, and a microprocessor-based circuit controls the inverter using pulse width modulation techniques. In the disclosed method of pulse width modulation, both edges of each pulse of a carrier pulse train are equally modulated by a time proportional to sin [theta], where [theta] is the angular displacement of the pulse center at the motor stator frequency from a fixed reference point on the carrier waveform. The carrier waveform frequency is a multiple of the motor stator frequency. The modulated pulse train is then applied to each of the motor phase inputs with respective phase shifts of 120[degree] at the stator frequency. Switching control commands for electronic switches in the inverter are stored in a random access memory (RAM) and the locations of the RAM are successively read out in a cyclic manner, each bit of a given RAM location controlling a respective phase input of the motor. The DC power source preferably comprises rechargeable batteries and all but one of the electronic switches in the inverter can be disabled, the remaining electronic switch being part of a flyback'' DC-DC converter circuit for recharging the battery. 11 figs.
Slicker, J.M.
An inverter is connected between a source of DC power and a three-phase AC induction motor, and a microprocessor-based circuit controls the inverter using pulse width modulation techniques. In the disclosed method of pulse width modulation, both edges of each pulse of a carrier pulse train are equally modulated by a time proportional to sin .theta., where .theta. is the angular displacement of the pulse center at the motor stator frequency from a fixed reference point on the carrier waveform. The carrier waveform frequency is a multiple of the motor stator frequency. The modulated pulse train is then applied to each of the motor phase inputs with respective phase shifts of 120.degree. at the stator frequency. Switching control commands for electronic switches in the inverter are stored in a random access memory (RAM) and the locations of the RAM are successively read out in a cyclic manner, each bit of a given RAM location controlling a respective phase input of the motor. The DC power source preferably comprises rechargeable batteries and all but one of the electronic switches in the inverter can be disabled, the remaining electronic switch being part of a "flyback" DC-DC converter circuit for recharging the battery.
Slicker, James M. (Union Lake, MI)
A delta configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter
A delta ({Delta}) configured auxiliary resonant snubber inverter is developed to overcome the voltage floating problem in a wye (Y) configured resonant snubber inverter. The proposed inverter is to connect auxiliary resonant branches between phase outputs to avoid a floating point voltage which may cause over-voltage failure of the auxiliary switches. Each auxiliary branch consists of a resonant inductor and a reverse blocking auxiliary switch. Instead of using an anti-paralleled diode to allow resonant current to flow in the reverse direction, as in the Y-configured version, the resonant branch in the {Delta}-configured version must block the negative voltage, typically done by a series diode. This paper shows single-phase and three-phase versions of {Delta}-configured resonant snubber inverters and describes in detail the operating principle of a single-phase version. The extended three-phase version is proposed with non-adjacent state space vector modulation. For hardware implementation, a single-phase 1-kW unit and a three-phase 100-kW unit were built to prove the concept. Experimental results show the superiority of the proposed topology.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; Ott, G.W. Jr.; McKeever, J.W. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Engineering Technology Div.; Peng, F.Z. [Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)]|[Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Understanding Fault Characteristics of Inverter-Based Distributed Energy Resources
This report discusses issues and provides solutions for dealing with fault current contributions from inverter-based distributed energy resources.
Keller, J.; Kroposki, B.
Fabrication and Evaluation of a High Performance SiC Inverter for Wireless Power Transfer Applications
In this study, a high power density SiC high efficiency wireless power transfer converter system via inductive coupling has been designed and developed. The detailed power module design, cooling system design and power stage development are presented. The successful operation of rated power converter system demonstrates the feasible wireless charging plan. One of the most important part of this study is the wind bandgap devices packaged at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) using the in-house packaging technologies by employing the bare SiC dies acquired from CREE, which are rated at 50 A / 1200 V each. These packaged devices are also inhouse tested and characterized using ORNL s Device Characterization Facility. The successful operation of the proposed inverter is experimentally verified and the efficiency and operational characteristics of the inverter are also revealed.
Onar, Omer C [ORNL] [ORNL; Campbell, Steven L [ORNL] [ORNL; Ning, Puqi [ORNL] [ORNL; Miller, John M [ORNL] [ORNL; Liang, Zhenxian [ORNL] [ORNL
Wind Energy
FUPWG Meeting FUPWG Meeting NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC Robi Robichaud November 18, 2009 Topics Introduction Review of the Current Wind Market Drivers for Wind Development Siting g Issues Wind Resource Assessment Wind Characteristics Wind Power Potential Basic Wind Turbine Theory Basic Wind Turbine Theory Types of Wind Turbines Facts About Wind Siting Facts About Wind Siting Wind Performance 1. United States: MW 1 9 8 2 1 9 8 3 1 9 8 4 1 9 8 5 1 9 8 6 1 9 8 7 1 9 8 8 1 9 8 9 1 9 9 0 1 9 9 1 1 9 9 2 1 9 9 3 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6 1 9 9 7 1 9 9 8 1 9 9 9 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 3 2 0 0 4 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 6 2 0 0 7 2 0 0 8 Current Status of the Wind Industry Total Global Installed Wind Capacity Total Global Installed Wind Capacity Total Global Installed Wind Capacity
PV water pumping with a peak-power tracker using a simple six-step square-wave inverter
The application of photovoltaics (PVs) has been increasingly popular, especially in remote areas, where power from a utility is not available or is too costly to install. PV-powered water pumping is frequently used for agriculture and in households. Among many available schemes, the system under study consists of a PV array, a variable-frequency inverter, an induction motor, and a water pump. The inverter feeds the induction motor, which drives the water pump. To seek the optimum power output of the PV array, the inverter is operated at variable frequency, to vary the output of the water pump. The inverter is operated to generate a six-step quasi-square wave, instead of a pulsewidth modulated (PWM) voltage output, to reduce the switching losses. The inverter acts as both a variable-frequency source and a peak-power tracker of the system, thus, having the number of switches minimized. The system is a low-cost design, with a simple control strategy. The dc bus is supported by a dc capacitor; thus, a balance-of-power flow must be maintained to avoid the collapse of the dc-bus voltage. Another advantage of the system is that the current is limited to an upper limit of the PV-array current. Thus, in case a short circuit is developed, the motor winding and the power semiconductor switches can be protected against excessive current flow.
Muljadi, E. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States)
Reference wind speed distributions and height profiles for wind turbine design and performance evaluation applications. [USA
The purpose of this report is to provide a set of reference or standard values of wind profiles, wind speed distributions and their effects on wind turbine performance for engineering design applications. Based on measured Weibull distribution parameters, representative average, low, and high variance data are given for height profiles of mean, 25 percentile, and 75 percentile wind speeds; and for wind speed probability density (velocity frequency) functions and cumulative probability (velocity duration) functions at selected heights. Results of a sensitivity analysis of the dependence of wind turbine performance parameters on cut-in speed, and rated speed for various mean wind and wind variance regimes are also presented. Wind turbine performance is expressed in terms of capacity factor (ratio of mean power output to rated power) and recovery factor (ratio of mean energy output to energy theoretically available in the wind). The representative high, mean, and low variance cases were determined from calculated Weibull distributions at 140 sites across the Continental U.S., and all of the representative functions are evaluated at mean wind speeds of 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 m/s at standard 10 m level.
Justus, C.G.; Hargraves, W.R.; Mikhail, A.
Inverter control systems in the residential heat pump air conditioner
A compressor capacity control with an inverter has been considered from the viewpoint of high energy saving in a refrigerating cycle. However, the system has not been put into practical use because of high initial cost, technical problems of electronic parts, and complexity of system control. In this connection, we developed the new inverter-controlled heat-pump air conditioner by using the latest electronics and refrigeration technology. This paper discusses the trend of energy saving in air conditioners in Japan and the objectives of developing the inverter controlled air conditioner. It also discusses the following items with respect to the inverter controlled air conditioner and the effects of employing an inverter: 1. Inverter for air conditioning; 2. Refrigeration cycle; 3. Air conditioner control with inverter.
Shimma, Y.; Tateuchi, T.; Suglura, H.
Decomposition Of Invertible And Conformal Transformations
In this article, we give a geometric description for any invertible operator on a finite dimensional inner--product space. With the aid of such a description, we are able to decompose any given conformal transformation as a product of planar rotations, a planar rotation or reflection and a scalar transformation. Also, we are able to conclude that an orthogonal transformation is a product of planar rotations and a planar rotation or a reflection.
Srikanth K. V.; Raj Bhawan Yadav
Inverter testing at Sandia National Laboratories
Inverters are key building blocks of photovoltaic (PV) systems that produce ac power. The balance of systems (BOS) portion of a PV system can account for up to 50% of the system cost, and its reliable operation is essential for a successful PV system. As part of its BOS program, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) maintains a laboratory wherein accurate electrical measurements of power systems can be made under a variety of conditions. This paper outlines the work that is done in that laboratory.
Ginn, J.W.; Bonn, R.H.; Sittler, G. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Photovoltaic System Components Dept.
Fact Sheet: Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (October 2012)
California Edison (SCE) is positioned to demonstrate the effectiveness of California Edison (SCE) is positioned to demonstrate the effectiveness of lithium-ion battery and smart inverter technologies to improve grid performance and assist in the integration of variable energy resources. This project will be sited at the Tehachapi Wind Resource Area, one of the largest wind resource areas in the world, where as much as 4,500 MW of wind resources are expected to come online by 2015. An existing SCE substation located approximately 100 miles north of Los Angeles, California, will host the demonstration. Overview The Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (TSP) Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) consists of an 8 MW-4 hour (32 MWh) lithium-ion battery and a smart inverter system that is cutting-edge in scale and application. SCE will test the BESS for 24 months to
EIA: Wind
Technical information and data on the wind energy industry from the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
Wind Turbine Safety and Function Test Report for the Mariah Windspire Wind Turbine
This test was conducted as part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Independent Testing project. This project was established to help reduce the barriers to wind energy expansion by providing independent testing results for small wind turbines (SWT). In total, five turbines were tested at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) as a part of this project. Safety and function testing is one of up to five tests performed on the turbines, including power performance, duration, noise, and power-quality tests. NWTC testing results provide manufacturers with reports that may be used to meet part of small wind turbine certification requirements. The test equipment includes a Mariah Windspire wind turbine mounted on a monopole tower. L&E Machine manufactured the turbine in the United States. The inverter was manufactured separately by Technology Driven Products in the United States. The system was installed by the NWTC site operations group with guidance and assistance from Mariah Power.
Wind and Power | Open Energy Information
Wind and Power Wind and Power Place Warszawa, Poland Zip 04-320 Sector Solar, Wind energy Product The firm offers small-scale PV panels, inverters, accumulators, solar collectors and wind turbines, and has distributors in Germany, Hungary and Rumania. Coordinates 52.23537°, 21.009485° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":52.23537,"lon":21.009485,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Wind Blog
wind-blog Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable wind-blog Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 en Two Facilities, One Goal: Advancing America's Wind Industry http://energy.gov/eere/articles/two-facilities-one-goal-advancing-america-s-wind-industry wind-industry" class="title-link">Two Facilities, One Goal: Advancing America's Wind Industry Two state-of-the-art wind turbine drivetrain test facilities are now
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with seperate DC sources
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations.
Peng, Fang Zheng (Oak Ridge, TN); Lai, Jih-Sheng (Knoxville, TN)
Peng, Fang Zheng (Knoxville, TN); Lai, Jih-Sheng (Blacksburg, VA)
Novel multilevel inverter carrier-based PWM method
The advent of the transformerless multilevel inverter topology has brought forth various pulsewidth modulation (PWM) schemes as a means to control the switching of the active devices in each of the multiple voltage levels in the inverter. An analysis of how existing multilevel carrier-based PWM affects switch utilization for the different levels of a diode-clamped inverter is conducted. Two novel carrier-based multilevel PWM schemes are presented which help to optimize or balance the switch utilization in multilevel inverters. A 10-kW prototype six-level diode-clamped inverter has been built and controlled with the novel PWM strategies proposed in this paper to act as a voltage-source inverter for a motor drive.
Tolbert, L.M.; Habetler, T.G.
Discrete pulse modulation strategies for high-frequency inverter systems
High-performance high-frequency inverter systems for UPS applications represent a demanding application that cannot be easily realized using conventional hard-switched PWM inverter topologies. Adoption of typical soft-switched inverters such as the resonant dc link inverter require the use of discrete pulse modulation strategies. New controller structures are necessary to cope with stringent voltage regulation and distortion constraints in the presence of unbalanced and nonlinear loads. This paper presents a controller that utilizes load current feed-forward strategy with a cost function current regulator to achieve excellent transient performance characteristics. Voltage regulation is ensured using a synchronous frame regulator. Detailed simulation and experimental results verifying the concepts are presented. Although this paper focuses on soft-switching inverters, the control concepts can be applied to conventional hard-switching inverters as well.
Venkataramanan, G. (Montana State Univ., Bozeman, MT (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering); Divan, D.M. (Univ. of Wisconsin, Madison, WI (United States). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering); Jahns, T.M. (General Electric Co., Schenectady, NY (United States))
Multilevel cascade voltage source inverter with separate DC sources
A multilevel cascade voltage source inverter having separate DC sources is described herein. This inverter is applicable to high voltage, high power applications such as flexible AC transmission systems (FACTS) including static VAR generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting and voltage balancing and fuel cell and photovoltaic utility interface systems. The M-level inverter consists of at least one phase wherein each phase has a plurality of full bridge inverters equipped with an independent DC source. This inverter develops a near sinusoidal approximation voltage waveform with only one switching per cycle as the number of levels, M, is increased. The inverter may have either single-phase or multi-phase embodiments connected in either wye or delta configurations. 15 figs.
Peng, F.Z.; Lai, J.S.
Vehicles - ORNL inverter a boost for EVs . . . | ornl.gov
Vehicles - ORNL inverter a boost for EVs . . . Vehicles - ORNL inverter a boost for EVs . . . Less expensive, lighter and more efficient inverters could put hybrid electric vehicles on the highway to improved viability. While batteries receive a lot of attention, Oak Ridge National Laboratory inventor Gui-Jia Su noted that inverters, which convert direct current into alternating current, play an equally important role in powering hybrid electric vehicles. The patent-pending ORNL inverter is more compact, reduces battery losses, improves operating conditions and reliability, and can be operated in high-temperature conditions. The inverter also significantly reduces undesirable motor torque ripples, which increase or decrease output torque as the output shaft rotates. In addition to uses in hybrid electric
High efficiency inverter and ballast circuits
A high efficiency push-pull inverter circuit employing a pair of relatively high power switching transistors is described. The switching on and off of the transistors is precisely controlled to minimize power losses due to common-mode conduction or due to transient conditions that occur in the process of turning a transistor on or off. Two current feed-back transformers are employed in the transistor base drives; one being saturable for providing a positive feedback, and the other being non-saturable for providing a subtractive feedback.
Nilssen, O.K.
Role of inverters in grid of the future
... SiC-based components Control systems for inverters Better plastics in packaging that lasts more than 10-15 years. Technology ...
Operating standby redundant controller to improve voltage source inverter reliability .
??This thesis presents a control architecture that achieves operating standby redundancy for a voltage source inverter controller. The system was designed to increase reliability by� (more)
Blevins, Stephen T.
Controlling engine exhaust gas recirculation and vacuum inverter
Engine manifold vacuum is inverted by an in-line vacuum inverter which provides a power source for an egr valve actuator for providing desired egr flow in a predetermined range of engine power loading and egr flow is cut off outside the range. The invention utilizes a vacuum inverter employing a pair of spaced diaphragms for controlling an atmospheric air bleed valve to a vacuum chamber powered by manifold vacuum. The diaphragms are spring loaded so as to seek equilibrium positions as vacuum in the chamber varies force. The inverter produces a vacuum output signal which changes inversely with changes in engine manifold vacuum.
Bradshaw, C.E.; Uitvlugt, M.W.
2012 SG Peer Review - Smart Inverter Controls and Microgrid Interopera...
* On-gridislanding modes * MG Energy Management * Integration of renewables d Multiple smart inverters Flexible test bed Tech transfer MG architecture FY12: 12% Load...
Lightweight PV Inverters: Dual Bi-Directional IGBTs Modules Enables Breakthrough PV Inverter Using Current Modulation Topology
Solar ADEPT Project: PV inverters convert DC power generated by modules into usable AC power. IPC�s initial 30kW 94lb. PV inverter reduces the weight of comparable 30kW PV inverters by 90%�reducing the cost of materials, manufacturing, shipping, and installation. With ARPA-E support, new bi-directional silicon power switches will be developed, commercialized, and utilized in IPC�s next-generation PV inverter. With these components, IPC will produce 100kW inverters that weight less than 100lb., reducing the weight of conventional 3,000lb. 100kW inverters by more than 95%. The new power switches will cut IPC�s $/W manufacturing cost in half, as well as further reduce indirect shipping and installation costs.
Dual Mode Inverter Control Test Verification
Permanent Magnet Motors with either sinusoidal back emf (permanent magnet synchronous motor [PMSM]) or trapezoidal back emf (brushless dc motor [BDCM]) do not have the ability to alter the air gap flux density (field weakening). Since the back emf increases with speed, the system must be designed to operate with the voltage obtained at its highest speed. Oak Ridge National Laboratory's (ORNL) Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) has developed a dual mode inverter controller (DMIC) that overcomes this disadvantage. This report summarizes the results of tests to verify its operation. The standard PEEMRC 75 kW hard-switched inverter was modified to implement the field weakening procedure (silicon controlled rectifier enabled phase advance). A 49.5 hp motor rated at 2800 rpm was derated to a base of 400 rpm and 7.5 hp. The load developed by a Kahn Industries hydraulic dynamometer, was measured with a MCRT9-02TS Himmelstein and Company torque meter. At the base conditions a current of 212 amperes produced the 7.5 hp. Tests were run at 400, 1215, and 2424 rpm. In each run, the current was no greater than 214 amperes. The horsepower obtained in the three runs were 7.5, 9.3, and 8.12. These results verified the basic operation of the DMIC in producing a Constant Power Speed Ratios (CPSR) of six.
Bailey, J.M.
Maximum power tracking control scheme for wind generator systems
The purpose of this work is to develop a maximum power tracking control strategy for variable speed wind turbine systems. Modern wind turbine control systems are slow, and they depend on the design parameters of the turbine and use wind and/or rotor speed measurements as control variable inputs. The dependence on the accuracy of the measurement devices makes the controller less reliable. The proposed control scheme is based on the stiff system concept and provides a fast response and a dynamic solution to the complicated aerodynamic system. This control scheme provides a response to the wind changes without the knowledge of wind speed and turbine parameters. The system consists of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), a passive rectifier, a dc/dc boost converter, a current controlled voltage source inverter, and a microcontroller that commands the dc/dc converter to control the generator for maximum power extraction. The microcontroller will also be able to control the current output of the three-phase inverter. In this work, the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines and the power conversion system topology are explained. The maximum power tracking control algorithm with a variable step estimator is introduced and the modeling and simulation of the wind turbine generator system using the MATLAB/SIMULINK� software is presented and its results show, at least in principle, that the maximum power tracking algorithm developed is suitable for wind turbine generation systems.
Mena Lopez, Hugo Eduardo
Energy Basics: Wind Turbines
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Solar Wind Wind Turbines Wind Resources Wind Turbines...
A Preliminary Cost Study of the Dual Mode Inverter Controller
In 1998, the Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) started a program to investigate alternate field weakening schemes for permanent magnet (PM) motors. The adjective ''alternate'' was used because at that time, outside research emphasis was on motors with interior-mounted PMs (IPMs). The PEEMRC emphasis was placed on motors with surface-mounted PMs (SPMs) because of the relative ease of manufacturing SPM motors compared with the IPM motors. Today the PEEMRC is continuing research on SPMs while examining the IPMs that have been developed by industry. Out of this task--the goal of which was to find ways to drive PM motors that inherently have low inductance at high speeds where their back-emf exceeds the supply voltage--ORNL developed and demonstrated the dual mode inverter control (DMIC) [1,2] method of field weakening for SPM motors. The predecessor of DMIC is conventional phase advance (CPA), which was developed by UQM Technologies, Inc. [3]. Fig. 1 shows the three sets of anti-parallel thyristors in the dashed box that comprise the DMIC. If one removes the dashed box by shorting each set of anti-parallel thyristors, the configuration becomes a conventional full bridge inverter on the left driving a three phase motor on the right. CPA may be used to drive this configuration ORNL's initial analyses of CPA and DMIC were based on driving motors with trapezoidal back-emfs [4-6], obtained using double layer lapped stator windings with one slot per pole per phase. A PM motor with a sinusoidal back-emf obtained with two poles per slot per phase has been analyzed under DMIC operation as a University of Tennessee-Knoxville (UTK) doctoral dissertation [7]. In the process of this research, ORNL has completed an analysis that explains and quantifies the role of inductance in these methods of control. The Appendix includes information on the equations for the three components of phase inductance, L{sub gap}, L{sub slot}, and L{sub endturns}. PM motors inherently have a lower inductance because of the increase in effective air gap caused by the magnet, which is in the denominator of the equation for L{sub gap}. L{sub gap} accounts for about half of the phase inductance. Because of the low inductance, there is a propensity for currents to exceed the motor's rated value. DMIC solves this problem for low-inductance PM motors and, in addition, provides a number of safety features that protect against uncontrolled generator mode operation [8,9]; however, the DMIC topology adds a pair of anti-parallel thyristors in each of the three phases, thereby introducing additional silicon costs as well as additional voltage drops during operation. It poses the tradeoff question; under what conditions can the beneficial features of DMIC offset its additional silicon cost and voltage drop losses? The purpose of this report is to address the tradeoff question. Sections of the report will: (1) review the role of self-inductance in performance and control of PM motors, (2) discuss the bounding inductances for motors with trapezoidal back-emfs under CPA control, (3) discuss the bounding inductances for trapezoidal back-emfs under DMIC, (4) discuss the bounding inductances for the PM synchronous motor (PMSM), (5) present the analysis showing how DMIC minimizes current in PMSMs, (6) present the results of a cost study conducted for two motors driven using a CPA inverter and for two motors driven using DMIC, (7) discuss estimating life cycle cost benefits, and (8) present conclusions.
McKeever, J.W.
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind...
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance Eligibility...
Wind Turbines
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Although all wind turbines operate on similar principles, several varieties are in use today. These include horizontal axis turbines and vertical axis turbines.
NREL: Wind Research - Large Wind Turbine Research
Wind Research Search More Search Options Site Map Printable Version Large Wind Turbine Research NREL's utility scale wind system research addresses performance and...
Wind Powering America: Wind Events
Wind Powering America (EERE)
calendar.asp Lists upcoming wind calendar.asp Lists upcoming wind power-related events. en-us firstname.lastname@example.com (Julie Jones) http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/images/wpa_logo_sm.jpg Wind Powering America: Wind Events http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/calendar.asp Pennsylvania Wind for Schools Educator Workshop https://www.regonline.com/builder/site/Default.aspx?EventID=1352684 http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=4068 Wed, 4 Dec 2013 00:00:00 MST 2014 Joint Action Workshop http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=3996 http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=3996 Mon, 21 Oct 2013 00:00:00 MST AWEA Wind Project Operations and Maintenance and Safety Seminar http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=4009 http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=4009 Mon, 21
Adaptable Inverter for Injection of Fuel Cell and Photovoltaic Power
important to apply renewable energies and efficient technologies. For power injection of photovoltaic with different energy sources such as photovoltaic, fuel cell and battery. It is possible to adjust active inverter. These inverters for injection of photovoltaic energy are developed only for this purpose
Kulig, Stefan
Optimal Dispatch of Photovoltaic Inverters in Residential Distribution Systems
- fined limit. The premise for these active power curtailment (APC) strategies is that the resistance method for determining the active- and reactive-power set points for PV inverters in resi- dential. Index Terms--Distribution networks, inverter control, photo- voltaic systems, optimal power flow
Giannakis, Georgios
Scalable techniques for document identifier assignment in inverted indexes
Web search engines depend on the full-text inverted index data structure. Because the query processing performance is so dependent on the size of the inverted index, a plethora of research has focused on fast end effective techniques for compressing ... Keywords: documentID reassignment, index compression
Shuai Ding; Josh Attenberg; Torsten Suel
Droop-Controlled Inverters in Microgrids are Kuramoto Oscillators
Droop-Controlled Inverters in Microgrids are Kuramoto Oscillators John W. Simpson-Porco Florian D and renewable energy, we study the parallel operation of DC/AC inverters in a lossless microgrid. We show; Electric power systems; Load flow solutions; 1. INTRODUCTION Microgrids appear to be the most natural
Bullo, Francesco
Phase Locked Loop Control of Inverters in a Microgrid
Phase Locked Loop Control of Inverters in a Microgrid Matthew Surprenant Dept of ECE University Venkataramanan Dept of ECE University of Wisconsin Madison, WI, USA Abstract--Microgrids are small for inverter-based microsources within a mi- crogrid. The general control philosophy within a microgrid
Hiskens, Ian A.
Results of Sandia National Laboratories grid-tied inverter testing
This paper proposes a definition for a Non-Islanding Inverter. This paper also presents methods that can be used to implement such an inverter, along with references to prior work on the subject. Justification for the definition is provided on both a theoretical basis and results from tests conducted at Sandia National Laboratories and Ascension Technology, Inc.
Kern, G.A. [Ascension Technology, Inc., Boulder, CO (United States); Bonn, R.H.; Ginn, J.; Gonzalez, S. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Zero-switching-loss inverters for high-power applications
The development of zero-switching-loss inverters has attracted much interest for industrial applications. The resonant dc link inverter (RDCLI) provides a simple and robust approach for realizing switching frequencies >20 kHz in multi-kilowatt systems but impresses substantial voltage stress (-- 2.5 supply voltage) across the devices. Two alternate topologies for realizing zero switching losses in high-power converters are proposed. The actively clamped resonant dc-link inverter (ACRLI) uses the concept of a lossless active clamp to restrict voltage stresses to only 1.3-1.5 supply voltage (V/sub s/) while maintaining a mode of operation similar to the RDCLI. For applications demanding substantially superior spectral performance, the resonant pole inverter (RPI), also called the quasi-resonant current mode inverter (QRCMI), is proposed as a viable topology. Detailed analysis, simulation, and experimental results are presented to verify operation principles of both power converters.
Divan, D.M.; Skibinski, G. (Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI (USA). Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering)
Analysis of inverter models and harmonic propagation. Part III. Transient processes in inverter models
Part III of a three part study presents the theoretical analysis and the experimental verification of transient processes that arise in the photovoltaic power system during its normal commutational operations. A general description of the transient processes problem and the method of analysis is presented. The transient processes in the inverter model with an inductive filter are analyzed for both the discontinuous and the continuous currents on the dc side of the inverter, and the problem of transient processes due to the change in illumination level is discussed. Transient processes in the inverter model with capacitive filter are analyzed with special emphasis on the process that arises in the photovoltaic power system immediately after the first ignition of the thyristors. The influence of the operating point of the solar cell array on the transient process is discussed. A sequence for optimal operations is recommended. Part I of the study (SAND 7040/1) contains a detailed description of the microcomputer based simulator that represents the output characteristics of the five commercially available types of solar cell arrays under different environmental conditions, and Part II (SAND 7040/2) describes the harmonics in the photovoltaic power system.
Slonim, M.A.; Stanek, E.K.
Experimental Analysis of Variable Capacity Heat Pump Systems equipped with a liquid-cooled frequency inverter.
?? Using an inverter-driven compressor in variable capacity heat pump systems has a main drawback, which is the extra loss in the inverter. The present� (more)
Ebraheem, Thair
Extreme Winds and Wind Effects on Structures. Description/Summary: The Building and Fire Research Laboratory has an ...
Wind Energy Leasing Handbook
Wind Energy Leasing Handbook Wind Energy Leasing Handbook E-1033 Oklahoma Cooperative Extension?..................................................................................................................... 31 What do wind developers consider in locating wind energy projects?............................................................................................ 37 How do companies and individuals invest in wind energy projects?....................................................................
Balasundaram, Balabhaskar "Baski"
Wind Powering America: New England Wind Forum
About the New England Wind Forum About the New England Wind Forum New England Wind Energy Education Project Historic Wind Development in New England State Activities Projects in New England Building Wind Energy in New England Wind Resource Wind Power Technology Economics Markets Siting Policy Technical Challenges Issues Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share The New England Wind Forum was conceived in 2005 as a platform to provide a single, comprehensive and objective source of up-to-date, Web-based information on a broad array of wind-energy-related issues pertaining to New England. The New England Wind Forum provides information to wind energy stakeholders through Web site features, periodic newsletters, and outreach activities. The New England Wind Forum covers the most frequently discussed wind energy topics.
Wind Power
Power As the accompanying map of New Mexico shows, the best wind power generation potential near WIPP is along the Delaware Mountain ridge line of the southern Guadalupe Mountains,...
Wind News
news Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable news Office of Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy Forrestal Building 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 en New Report Shows Trend Toward Larger Offshore Wind Systems, with 11 Advanced Stage Projects Proposed in U.S. Waters http://energy.gov/eere/articles/new-report-shows-trend-toward-larger-offshore-wind-systems-11-advanced-stage-projects wind-systems-11-advanced-stage-projects" class="title-link">New Report Shows Trend Toward Larger Offshore Wind Systems, with 11 Advanced Stage Projects Proposed in U.S. Waters
Direct Comparison of Inverted and Non-Inverted Growths of GaInP Solar Cells: Preprint
The inverted growth of III-V solar cells presents some specific challenges that are not present in regular, non-inverted growths. Because the highly doped top contact layer is grown first, followed by the lengthy high-temperature growth of the remainder of the structure, there is ample time for the dopants in the contact layer to diffuse away. This leads to an increase in the contact resistance to the top layer, and a corresponding drop in voltage. The diffusion of dopants in other layers is similarly altered with respect to the non-inverted configuration because of the change in growth sequence. We compare the dopant profiles of inverted and non-inverted structures by using secondary ion mass spectroscopy and correlate the results with the observed performance of the devices. We also describe a technique for growing a GaInAsN contact layer in the inverted configuration and show that it achieves a specific contact resistance comparable to what is normally observed in non-inverted cells.
Steiner, M. A.; Geisz, J. F.; Reedy Jr, R.C.; Kurtz, S.
Fact Sheet: Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (October 2012) |
Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (October 2012) Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (October 2012) Fact Sheet: Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (October 2012) The Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (TSP) Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) consists of an 8 MW-4 hour (32 MWh) lithium-ion battery and a smart inverter system that is cutting-edge in scale and application. Southern California Edison (SCE) will test the BESS for 24 months to determine its capability and effectiveness to support 13 operational users. Fact Sheet: Tehachapi Wind Energy Storage Project (October 2012) More Documents & Publications New Reports and Other Materials Energy Storage Systems 2012 Peer Review Presentations - Poster Session 2 (Day 2): ARRA Projects Energy Storage Systems 2010 Update Conference Presentations - Day 2,
Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction (IMM) Cell Processing Instructions
This technical report details the processing schedule used to fabricate Inverted Metamorphic Multijunction (IMM) concentrator solar cells at The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). These devices are used as experimental test structures to support the research at NREL that is focused on increasing the efficiency of photovoltaic power conversion. They are not intended to be devices suitable for deployment in working concentrator systems primarily because of heat sinking issues. The process schedule was developed to be compatible with small sample sizes and to afford relatively rapid turn-around times, in support of research efforts. The report describes the use of electro deposition of gold for both the back and front contacts. Electro-deposition is used because of its rapid turn around time and because it is a benign metallization technique that is seldom responsible for damage to the semiconductors. The layer transfer technique is detailed including the use of a commercially available adhesive and the etching away of the parent gallium arsenide substrate. Photolithography is used to define front contact grids as well as the mesa area of the cell. Finally, the selective wet chemical etchant system is introduced and its use to reveal the back contact is described.
Duda, A.; Ward, S.; Young, M.
Optically Isolated HVIGBT Based MW Cascade Inverter Building...
High-Voltage, IGBT-Based Inverter for DER Applications Presentation at DOE Energy Storage Systems Research Program Peer Review Washington, DC November 2, 2006 SBIR Phase II Grant...
Series Resonant Inverter with Contactless Transformers for Multiple LED Lamps.
??A half-bridge series-resonant inverter adopted to realize the quasi current source and the constant current source with a number of contactless transformers in series for� (more)
Cheng, Shuen-Wen
Performance model for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters.
This document provides an empirically based performance model for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters used for system performance (energy) modeling and for continuous monitoring of inverter performance during system operation. The versatility and accuracy of the model were validated for a variety of both residential and commercial size inverters. Default parameters for the model can be obtained from manufacturers specification sheets, and the accuracy of the model can be further refined using measurements from either well-instrumented field measurements in operational systems or using detailed measurements from a recognized testing laboratory. An initial database of inverter performance parameters was developed based on measurements conducted at Sandia National Laboratories and at laboratories supporting the solar programs of the California Energy Commission.
Boyson, William Earl; Galbraith, Gary M.; King, David L.; Gonzalez, Sigifredo
Triple inverter pierce oscillator circuit suitable for CMOS
An oscillator circuit is disclosed which can be formed using discrete field-effect transistors (FETs), or as a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit. The oscillator circuit utilizes a Pierce oscillator design with three inverter stages connected in series. A feedback resistor provided in a feedback loop about a second inverter stage provides an almost ideal inverting transconductance thereby allowing high-Q operation at the resonator-controlled frequency while suppressing a parasitic oscillation frequency that is inherent in a Pierce configuration using a "standard" triple inverter for the sustaining amplifier. The oscillator circuit, which operates in a range of 10 50 MHz, has applications for use as a clock in a microprocessor and can also be used for sensor applications.
Wessendorf; Kurt O. (Albuquerque, NM)
Regional Characteristics for Interpreting Inverted Echo Sounder (IES) Observations
Changes in round-trip acoustc travel time (?) measured between a bottom moored inverted echo sounder and the sea surface can be interpreted as changes in dynamic height (D) with suitable calibration information. The ?, D, and isotherm and ...
Zachariah R. Hallock
Definition: Controllable/Regulating Inverter | Open Energy Information
Controllable/Regulating Inverter Controllable/Regulating Inverter Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Controllable/Regulating Inverter AC to DC converters that properly regulate voltage and can be controlled remotely. These devices can significantly increase the integration of renewable or intermittent sources of electricity.[1] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition Also Known As Mechanical rectifier Related Terms electricity generation References ↑ [www.smartgrid.gov/sites/default/files/pdfs/description_of_assets.pdf SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Assets'] An LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. inline Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Controllable/Regulating_Inverter&oldid=480447" Categories:
Inverter Testing at Sandia National Laboratories* Jerry W. Ginn
Inverter Testing at Sandia National Inverter Testing at Sandia National Laboratories* Jerry W. Ginn Russell H. Bonn Photovoltaic System Components Department Sandia National Laboratories PO Box 5800 Albuquerque, NM 87185-0752 Abstract. Inverters are key building blocks of photovoltaic (PV) systems that produce ac power. The balance of systems @OS) portion of a PV system can account for up to 50% of the system cost, and its reliable operation is essential for a successful PV system. As part of its BOS program, Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) maintains a laboratory wherein accurate electrical measurements of power systems can be made under a variety of conditions. This paper outlines the work that is done in that laboratory. TESTING ACTIVITIES Inverter testing at SNL thus far
Smart Inverter Advanced Metering Infrastructure Integration Using Smart Energy Profile
Cost-effective integration of high penetrations of photovoltaic (PV) systems will require some level of communications and direct control of PV inverters. Approaches leveraging broadband and utility remote terminal units (RTU) are generally not scalable to smaller scale residential or small commercial inverters. Given the potential addition of many thousands of residential PV systems in the coming years, identifying a low-cost solution allowing control and communications with residential systems has ...
Smart Inverter Field Experiences: A State of the Industry Overview
The inverters that connect solar photovoltaic, battery, and other distributed resources to the power grid have the potential to provide a number of services or functions that may be useful to utilities. Inverter manufacturers have been designing and implementing these capabilities into their products for many years. During the past few years, significant industry effort has been expended in the identification of a common set of such functions that may be supported by open standards and implemented ...
Test Protocol for Smart Inverter Grid Support Functions: Version 1
Smart inverters are capable of providing grid support that is important to accommodate higher penetrations of distributed energy resources (DERs) on the distribution circuits. With the exception of a few countries in Europe, especially Germany, there are currently no clear and consistent performance requirements defined for the smart inverter advanced support functions. Currently, widely adopted grid interconnection standard IEEE Std. 1547 (2003) and the associated conformance test standard IEEE ...
NREL: Wind Research - Wind Resource Assessment
Wind Resource Assessment Wind Resource Assessment A map of the United States is color-coded to indicate the high winds at 80 meters. This map shows the wind resource at 80 meters for both land-based and offshore wind resources in the United States. Correct estimation of the energy available in the wind can make or break the economics of wind plant development. Wind mapping and validation techniques developed at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) along with collaborations with U.S. companies have produced high-resolution maps of the United States that provide wind plant developers with accurate estimates of the wind resource potential. State Wind Maps International Wind Resource Maps Dynamic Maps, GIS Data, and Analysis Tools Due to the existence of special use airspace (SUA) (i.e., military airspace
New England Wind Forum: Wind Power Technology
Wind Power Technology Wind Power Technology Modern wind turbines have become sophisticated power plants while the concept of converting wind energy to electrical energy remains quite simple. Follow these links to learn more about the science behind wind turbine technology. Wind Power Animation An image of a scene from the wind power animation. The animation shows how moving air rotates a wind turbine's blades and describes how the internal components work to produce electricity. It shows small and large wind turbines and the differences between how they are used, as stand alone or connected to the utility grid. How Wind Turbines Work Learn how wind turbines make electricity; what are the types, sizes, and applications of wind turbines; and see an illustration of the components inside a wind turbine.
Abstract � Power inverters are used to convert the D.C power produced by the solar photovoltaic cell into AC. This paper presents a novel Adaptive Hysteresis Current Controller to control the inverter, used in the solar photovoltaic cell. The proposed controller is capable of reducing the total harmonic distortion and to provide constant switching frequency. The mathematical model of Photovoltaic array is developed using the Newton�s method using the parameter obtained from a commercial photovoltaic data sheet under variable weather conditions, in which the effect of irradiance and temperature are considered. The modeled Photovoltaic array is interfaced with DC-DC boost converter, AC-DC inverter and load. A DC-DC boost converter is used to step up the input DC voltage of the Photovoltaic array while the DC-AC single-phase inverter converts the input DC comes from boost converter into AC. The performance of the proposed controller of inverter is evaluated through MATLAB-Simulation. The results obtained with the proposed algorithm are compared with those obtained when using conventional fixed hysteresis current controller for single-phase photovoltaic inverter in terms of THD and switching frequency.
unknown authors
Field tests of a novel inverter for photovoltaic power conditioning
The Dickerson inverter synthesizes a sinewave current from a photovoltaic array that is segmented into a number of subarrays. These subarrays are switched among the ac phases so that the current from a given subarray is continuous, and each phase is connected at all times to one or more subarrays. The control scheme assures a near-unity power factor current with real-time phase adjustment to power-system disturbances. A prototype inverter was operated into a three-phase power system, with the dc supplied by a photovoltaic array at Sandia National Laboratories. The results of these tests under normal, abnormal and fault conditions are reported. Inversion efficiencies up to 99% were achieved with 0.97 power factor. A simple filter reduced current harmonics from 18% to 5%. The performance for the inverter was projected for a 480-V, three-phase system at the 50-kVA level. An analysis of filtering costs indicates that harmonic reduction to 5% can be achieved at under $0.003 per watt for typical central-station applications. The intended power range for these inverters is 50--250 kVA. The cost to produce the inverter at the 50-kVA level in quantities of 1000 units is estimated to be $0.05 per watt, which is less than the projected cost of other 50-kVA inverters. 22 figs., 9 tabs.
Dickerson, A.; Bower, W.; Schalles, F.
Balancing of Wind Power.
?? In the future, renewable energy share, especially wind power share, in electricity generation is expected to increase. Due to nature of the wind, wind� (more)
�lker, Muhammed Akif
Wind-Stress Coefficients at Light Winds
The increase of the wind-stress coefficient with wind velocity was found to start with winds as light as 3 m s?1, below which, following the formula for aerodynamically smooth flows, the wind-stress coefficient decreases as the wind velocity ...
Jin Wu
New Switches for Utility-Scale Inverters: First In-Class Demonstration of a Completely New Type of SiC Bipolar Switch (15kV-20kV) for Utility-Scale Inverters
Solar ADEPT Project: The SiCLAB is developing a new power switch for utility-scale PV inverters that would improve the performance and significantly reduce the size, weight, and energy loss of PV systems. A power switch controls the electrical energy flowing through an inverter, which takes the electrical current from a PV solar panel and converts it into the type and amount of electricity that is compatible with the electric grid. SiCLAB is using silicon carbide (SiC) semiconductors in its new power switches, which are more efficient than the silicon semiconductors used to conduct electricity in most conventional power switches today. Switches with SiC semiconductors can operate at much higher temperatures, as well as higher voltage and power levels than silicon switches. SiC-based power switches are also smaller than those made with silicon alone, so they result in much smaller and lighter electrical devices. In addition to their use in utility-scale PV inverters, SiCLAB�s new power switches can also be used in wind turbines, railways, and other smart grid applications.
Wind turbine
A wind turbine of the type having an airfoil blade (15) mounted on a flexible beam (20) and a pitch governor (55) which selectively, torsionally twists the flexible beam in response to wind turbine speed thereby setting blade pitch, is provided with a limiter (85) which restricts unwanted pitch change at operating speeds due to torsional creep of the flexible beam. The limiter allows twisting of the beam by the governor under excessive wind velocity conditions to orient the blades in stall pitch positions, thereby preventing overspeed operation of the turbine. In the preferred embodiment, the pitch governor comprises a pendulum (65,70) which responds to changing rotor speed by pivotal movement, the limiter comprising a resilient member (90) which engages an end of the pendulum to restrict further movement thereof, and in turn restrict beam creep and unwanted blade pitch misadjustment.
Cheney, Jr., Marvin C. (Glastonbury, CT)
New England Wind Forum: Wind Power Economics
State Activities Projects in New England Building Wind Energy in New England Wind Resource Wind Power Technology Economics Cost Components Determining Factors Influencing Wind Economics in New England How does wind compare to the cost of other electricity options? Markets Siting Policy Technical Challenges Issues Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share Wind Power Economics Long-Term Cost Trends Since the first major installations of commercial-scale wind turbines in the 1980s, the cost of energy from wind power projects has decreased substantially due to larger turbine generators, towers, and rotor lengths; scale economies associated with larger projects; improvements in manufacturing efficiency, and technological advances in turbine generator and blade design. These technological advances have allowed for higher generating capacities per turbine and more efficient capture of wind, especially at lower wind speeds.
New England Wind Forum: Large Wind
Small Wind Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share Large Wind When establishing wind farms, wind energy developers generally approach landowners where they want to build. Interest in wind farms is frequently spurred by external pressures such as tax and other financial incentives and legislative mandates. Since each situation is influenced by local policies and permitting, we can only provide general guidance to help you learn about the process of installing wind turbines. Publications Wind Project Development Process Permitting of Wind Energy Facilities: A Handbook. (August 2002). National Wind Coordinating Collaborative. Landowner Frequently Asked Questions and Answers. (August 2003). "State Wind Working Group Handbook." pp. 130-133.
NREL: Wind Research - International Wind Resource Maps
Wind Resource Maps NREL is helping to develop high-resolution projections of wind resources worldwide. This allows for more accurate siting of wind turbines and has led to the...
NREL: Wind Research - Wind Project Development Updates
Wind Project Development Updates A 2.3 megawatt Siemens wind turbine nacelle on route to the Record Hill Wind project in Roxbury, Maine. January 14, 2013 As a result of the...
Breaking Barriers to Low-Cost Modular Inverter Production & Use
The goal of this cost share contract is to advance key technologies to reduce size, weight and cost while enhancing performance and reliability of Modular Inverter Product for Distributed Energy Resources (DER). Efforts address technology development to meet technical needs of DER market protection, isolation, reliability, and quality. Program activities build on SatCon Technology Corporation inverter experience (e.g., AIPM, Starsine, PowerGate) for Photovoltaic, Fuel Cell, Energy Storage applications. Efforts focused four technical areas, Capacitors, Cooling, Voltage Sensing and Control of Parallel Inverters. Capacitor efforts developed a hybrid capacitor approach for conditioning SatCon's AIPM unit supply voltages by incorporating several types and sizes to store energy and filter at high, medium and low frequencies while minimizing parasitics (ESR and ESL). Cooling efforts converted the liquid cooled AIPM module to an air-cooled unit using augmented fin, impingement flow cooling. Voltage sensing efforts successfully modified the existing AIPM sensor board to allow several, application dependent configurations and enabling voltage sensor galvanic isolation. Parallel inverter control efforts realized a reliable technique to control individual inverters, connected in a parallel configuration, without a communication link. Individual inverter currents, AC and DC, were balanced in the paralleled modules by introducing a delay to the individual PWM gate pulses. The load current sharing is robust and independent of load types (i.e., linear and nonlinear, resistive and/or inductive). It is a simple yet powerful method for paralleling both individual devices dramatically improves reliability and fault tolerance of parallel inverter power systems. A patent application has been made based on this control technology.
Bogdan Borowy; Leo Casey; Jerry Foshage; Steve Nichols; Jim Perkinson
NREL: Wind Research - Offshore Wind Research
Options Site Map Printable Version Offshore Standards and Testing NREL's Offshore Wind Testing Capabilities 35 years of wind turbine testing experience Custom high speed data...
Extreme Wind Speeds: Publications
... "Algorithms for Generating Large Sets of Synthetic Directional Wind Speed Data for Hurricane, Thunderstorm, and Synoptic Winds," NIST Technical ...
Topic: Wind Engineering
Topic: Wind Engineering. Forty-Fourth Meeting of the UJNR Panel on Wind and Seismic Effects. NIST researchers collected ...
New England Wind Forum: Small Wind
Wind for Schools Project Funding Case Studies: Thomas Harrison Middle School, Virginia Wind for Schools Project Funding Case Studies: Thomas Harrison Middle School, Virginia August 26, 2013 Workshop Explores Information's Role in Wind Project Siting: A Wind Powering America Success Story November 19, 2012 More News Subscribe to News Updates Events Renewable Energy Market Update Webinar January 29, 2014 Strategic Energy Planning: Webinar February 26, 2014 Introduction to Wind Systems March 10, 2014 More Events Publications 2012 Market Report on Wind Technologies in Distributed Applications August 12, 2013 More Publications Features Sign up for the New England Wind Forum Newsletter. New England Wind Forum About the New England Wind Forum New England Wind Energy Education Project Historic Wind Development in New England State Activities Projects in New England
NREL: Wind Research - Small Wind Turbine Webinars
Small Wind Turbine Webinars Small Wind Turbine Webinars Here you will find webinars about small wind turbines that NREL hosted. Introducing WindLease(tm): Making Wind Energy Affordable NREL and the American Solar Energy Society (ASES) Wind Division co-hosted this webinar. (Text Version.) Date: August 1, 2013 Run Time: 40 minutes Joe Hess, VP of Business Development at United Wind, described United Wind's WindQuote and WindLease Program and explained the process from the dealer's and consumer's perspective. Texas Renewable Energy Industries Association NREL and the American Solar Energy Society (ASES) Wind Division co-hosted this webinar. (Text Version). Date: March 7, 2013 Run Time: 1 hour Russel Smith, Texas Renewable Energy Industries Association executive director and co-founder, provided an overview of the trade association
NREL: Wind Research - Small Wind Turbine Development
Small Wind Turbine Development Small Wind Turbine Development A photo of Southwest Windpower's Skystream wind turbine in front of a home. PIX14936 Southwest Windpower's Skystream wind turbine. A photo of the Endurance wind turbine. PIX15006 The Endurance wind turbine. A photo of the Atlantic Orient Corporation 15/50 wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center. PIX07301 The Atlantic Orient Corporation 15/50 wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center. NREL supports continued market expansion of small wind turbines by funding manufacturers through competitive solicitations (i.e., subcontracts and/or grants) to refine prototype systems leading to commercialization. Learn more about the turbine development projects below. Skystream NREL installed and tested an early prototype of this turbine at the
Inverter/controller subsystem optimized for photovoltaic applications
Conversion of solar array dc power to ac power stimulated the specification, design, and simulation testing of an inverter/controller subsystem tailored to the photovoltaic power source characteristics. The optimization of the inverter/controller design as part of an overall Photovoltaic Power System (PPS) designed for maximum energy extraction from the solar array is discussed. The special design requirements for the inverter/controller include: (1) a power system controller (PSC) to control continuously the solar array operating point at the maximum power level based on variable solar insolation and cell temperatures; and (2) an inverter designed for high efficiency at rated load and low losses at light loadings to conserve energy. It must be capable of operating connected to the utility line at a level set by an external controller (PSC). This paper is presented in three sections: (1) the overall PPS and PSC design (Utility Mode); (2) the inverter design and test results; and (3) a PPS analysis and simulation testing, conducted at LeRC to verify the design control concepts and fix design parameters.
Pickrell, R.L.; O' Sullivan, G.; Merrill, W.C.
Efficiency consideration of DC link soft-switching inverters for motor drive applications
This paper critically evaluates efficiency of soft switching inverters including an actively clamped resonant dc link inverter and a clamped-mode resonant pole inverter. An analytical approach to evaluating efficiency of the clamped-mode soft switching inverter has been developed. The evaluation results are compared with that of the standard pulse-width-modulation (PWM) inverter. A 50-kW induction motor is used as the variable load, and the inverter efficiency is evaluated under different speed and torque conditions. The clamped-mode soft-switching inverter, although eliminating the switching loss, shows poor efficiency over the entire load range. Under low load conditions, the efficiency profile is even worse. The actively clamped resonant dc link inverter shows highest efficiency over the entire speed and torque range. However, its energy saving over the standard PWM inverter is marginal under full load or high speed conditions.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; McKeever, J.W.
Reduction of Statistical Power Per Event Due to Upper Lifetime Cuts in Lifetime Measurements
A cut on the maximum lifetime in a lifetime fit not only reduces the number of events, but also, in some circumstances dramatically, decreases the statistical significance of each event. The upper impact parameter cut in the hadronic B trigger at CDF, which is due to technical limitations, has the same effect. In this note we describe and quantify the consequences of such a cut on lifetime measurements. We find that even moderate upper lifetime cuts, leaving event numbers nearly unchanged, can dramatically increase the statistical uncertainty of the fit result.
Jonas Rademacker
Invert/EE-Lab Website | Open Energy Information
Page Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » Invert/EE-Lab Website Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Invert/EE-Lab Website Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Policy Impacts Website: www.invert.at Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/invertee-lab-website Language: English Policies: "Deployment Programs,Financial Incentives,Regulations" is not in the list of possible values (Deployment Programs, Financial Incentives, Regulations) for this property. DeploymentPrograms: Project Development Regulations: Mandates/Targets This tool can be used to evaluate support schemes for renewable energy heating and cooling systems. It can help users simulate the effects of promotional programs on the energy carrier mix, CO2 reductions, and costs
Horizon Wind
The Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (WDFW) does not have regulatory authority specific to wind power development at this time. WDFW is an agency with environmental expertise as provided for through the Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 197-11-920. Comments related to environmental impacts are provided to regulatory authorities through the State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 43.21C review process.
Cover Photo; Nina Carter; Heath Packard; Lisa Paribello; Craig Dublanko; Dana Peck; Nicole Hughes; Bill Robinson; Robert Kruse; Arlo Corwin; Joe Buchanan; Ted Clausing; Eric Cummins; Travis Nelson; Eric Pentico; Mike Ritter; Jeff Tayer; James Watson; William Weiler; David Mcclure
Offshore Wind Research Offshore Wind Research Photo of a European offshore wind farm. Early progress in European Offshore Wind Energy over the last decade provides a glimpse into the vast potential of the global offshore resource. For more than eight years, NREL has worked with the Department of Energy to become an international leader in offshore wind energy research. Capabilities NREL's offshore wind capabilities focus on critical areas that reflect the long-term needs of the offshore wind energy industry and the U.S. Department of Energy including: Offshore Design Tools and Methods Offshore Standards and Testing Energy Analysis of Offshore Systems Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Key Research NREL documented the status of offshore wind energy in the United States in
NREL: Wind Research - Site Wind Resource Characteristics
Site Wind Resource Characteristics Site Wind Resource Characteristics A graphic showing the location of National Wind Technology Center and its wind power class 2. Click on the image to view a larger version. Enlarge image This graphic shows the wind power class at the National Wind Technology Center. You can download a printable copy. The National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) is on the Great Plains just miles from the Rocky Mountains. The site is flat and covered with short grasses. The terrain and lack of obstructions make the site highly suitable for testing wind turbines. Take a tour of the NWTC and its facilities to better understand its location and layout. Another prime feature of the NWTC is the strong directionality of the wind - most of the strong winds come within a few degrees of 285°. West of
Inverter power module with distributed support for direct substrate cooling
Systems and/or methods are provided for an inverter power module with distributed support for direct substrate cooling. An inverter module comprises a power electronic substrate. A first support frame is adapted to house the power electronic substrate and has a first region adapted to allow direct cooling of the power electronic substrate. A gasket is interposed between the power electronic substrate and the first support frame. The gasket is configured to provide a seal between the first region and the power electronic substrate. A second support frame is adapted to house the power electronic substrate and joined to the first support frame to form the seal.
Miller, David Harold (San Pedro, CA); Korich, Mark D. (Chino Hills, CA); Ward, Terence G. (Redondo Beach, CA); Mann, Brooks S. (Redondo Beach, CA)
Utility Wind Integration Group Distributed Wind/Solar Interconnection...
Utility Wind Integration Group Distributed WindSolar Interconnection Workshop Utility Wind Integration Group Distributed WindSolar Interconnection Workshop May 21, 2013 8:00AM...
The Wind Energy Outlook Scenarios 1 India Wind Energy
1 ?Status of wind energy in India ????????????????????6 Wind energy in India????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????7 Wind power resource assessment?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????6 Wind power installations by state?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????8
Final Report on California Regional Wind Energy Forecasting Project:Application of NARAC Wind Prediction System
Wind power is the fastest growing renewable energy technology and electric power source (AWEA, 2004a). This renewable energy has demonstrated its readiness to become a more significant contributor to the electricity supply in the western U.S. and help ease the power shortage (AWEA, 2000). The practical exercise of this alternative energy supply also showed its function in stabilizing electricity prices and reducing the emissions of pollution and greenhouse gases from other natural gas-fired power plants. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the world's winds could theoretically supply the equivalent of 5800 quadrillion BTUs of energy each year, which is 15 times current world energy demand (AWEA, 2004b). Archer and Jacobson (2005) also reported an estimation of the global wind energy potential with the magnitude near half of DOE's quote. Wind energy has been widely used in Europe; it currently supplies 20% and 6% of Denmark's and Germany's electric power, respectively, while less than 1% of U.S. electricity is generated from wind (AWEA, 2004a). The production of wind energy in California ({approx}1.2% of total power) is slightly higher than the national average (CEC & EPRI, 2003). With the recently enacted Renewable Portfolio Standards calling for 20% of renewables in California's power generation mix by 2010, the growth of wind energy would become an important resource on the electricity network. Based on recent wind energy research (Roulston et al., 2003), accurate weather forecasting has been recognized as an important factor to further improve the wind energy forecast for effective power management. To this end, UC-Davis (UCD) and LLNL proposed a joint effort through the use of UCD's wind tunnel facility and LLNL's real-time weather forecasting capability to develop an improved regional wind energy forecasting system. The current effort of UC-Davis is aimed at developing a database of wind turbine power curves as a function of wind speed and direction, using its wind tunnel facility at the windmill farm at the Altamont Pass. The main objective of LLNL's involvement is to provide UC-Davis with improved wind forecasts to drive the parameterization scheme of turbine power curves developed from the wind tunnel facility. Another objective of LLNL's effort is to support the windmill farm operation with real-time wind forecasts for the effective energy management. The forecast skill in capturing the situation to meet the cut-in and cutout speed of given turbines would help reduce the operation cost in low and strong wind scenarios, respectively. The main focus of this report is to evaluate the wind forecast errors of LLNL's three-dimensional real-time weather forecast model at the location with the complex terrain. The assessment of weather forecast accuracy would help quantify the source of wind energy forecast errors from the atmospheric forecast model and/or wind-tunnel module for further improvement in the wind energy forecasting system.
Chin, H S
2011 Wind Technologies Market Report
A. 2010. Impact of Wind Energy Installations on DomesticUniversity. American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). 2012a.D.C. : American Wind Energy Association. American Wind
Bolinger, Mark
and K. Porter. 2011. Wind Power and Electricity Markets.41 6. Wind Power Priceat Various Levels of Wind Power Capacity Penetration Wind
EERE: Wind Program Home Page
wind projects and offshore wind resource potential. Offshore Wind R&D DOE makes strategic research & deployment investments to launch domestic offshore wind industry....
Energy Basics: Wind Energy Technologies
Photo of a hilly field, with six visible wind turbines spinning in the wind. Wind energy technologies use the energy in wind for practical purposes such as generating...
Solar Wind | Open Energy Information
Wind Jump to: navigation, search Name Solar Wind Place Krasnodar, Romania Zip 350000 Sector Solar, Wind energy Product Russia-based PV product manufacturer. Solar Wind manufactures...
Energy Basics: Wind Power Animation
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Solar Wind Wind Turbines Wind Resources Wind Power...
Energy Basics: Wind Energy Resources
Energy Basics Renewable Energy Printable Version Share this resource Biomass Geothermal Hydrogen Hydropower Ocean Solar Wind Wind Turbines Wind Resources Wind Energy...
Efficiency modeling and evaluation of a resonant snubber based soft- switching inverter for motor drive applications
This paper establishes an analytical model for a resonant snubber based soft-switching inverter. The model adopts loss separation method to evaluate losses in individual components. Because of symmetry of the inverter circuit, the developed model is suitable for both single-phase and three-phase inverters. A single-phase inverter was built and tested with a single-phase induction motor driving a fan load to verify the developed model. The equivalent single-phase induction motor model was curve-fitted from experiment. Analytical results showed reasonable agreement with experiment. The same efficiency evaluation method was then applied to the conventional hard-switching inverter, and the results were compared with that of the soft-switching inverter. The resonant snubber base soft-switching inverter shows substantial efficiency improvement over the hard switching PWM (pulse-width-modulation) inverter, especially in low speed operation.
Lai, J.S.; Young, R.W.; Ott, G.W.
A multilevel voltage-source inverter with separate dc sources for static var generation
A new multilevel voltage-source inverter with a separate dc sources is proposed for high-voltage, high-power applications, such as flexible ac transmission systems (FACTS) including static var generation (SVG), power line conditioning, series compensation, phase shifting, voltage balancing, fuel cell and photovoltaic utility systems interfacing, etc. The new M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 single phase full bridges in which each bridge has its own separate dc source. This inverter can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per cycle as the number of levels increases. It can solve the problems of conventional transformer-based multipulse inverters and the problems of the multilevel diode-clamped inverter and the multilevel flying capacitor inverter. To demonstrate the superiority of the new inverter, a SVG system using the new inverter topology is discussed through analysis, simulation and experiment.
Peng, Fang Zheng [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States)]|[Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Lai, Jih-Sheng; McKeever, J.; VanCoevering, J. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Acoustical Measurement of Nonlinear Internal Waves Using the Inverted Echo Sounder
The performance of pressure sensor�equipped inverted echo sounders for monitoring nonlinear internal waves is examined. The inverted echo sounder measures the round-trip acoustic travel time from the sea floor to the sea surface and thus acquires ...
Qiang Li; David M. Farmer; Timothy F. Duda; Steve Ramp
NREL: Wind Research - Small Wind Turbine Research
Small Wind Turbine Research Small Wind Turbine Research The National Renewable Energy Laboratory and U.S. Department of Energy (NREL/DOE) Small Wind Project's objectives are to reduce barriers to wind energy expansion, stabilize the market, and expand the number of small wind turbine systems installed in the United States. "Small wind turbine" refers to a turbine smaller than or equal to 100 kilowatts (kW). "Distributed wind" includes small and midsize turbines (100 kW through 1 megawatt [MW]). Since 1996, NREL's small wind turbine research has provided turbine testing, turbine development, and prototype refinement leading to more commercially available small wind turbines. Work is conducted under the following areas. You can also learn more about state and federal policies
Wind Vision Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Wind Farm Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Wind Vision Wind Farm Facility Wind Vision Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Wind Vision Developer Wind Vision Location St. Ansgar IA Coordinates 43.348224°, -92.888816° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.348224,"lon":-92.888816,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
High Winds Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Winds Wind Farm Winds Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name High Winds Wind Farm Facility High Winds Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner NextEra Energy Resources Developer NextEra Energy Resources Energy Purchaser PPM Energy Inc Location Solano County CA Coordinates 38.124844°, -121.764915° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.124844,"lon":-121.764915,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Mono inverter Multi parallel PMSM -Structure and Control strategy
a new and original Mono inverter Multi parallel Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) system. To obtain the stability of such a system, each of the motor synchronisms should always be respected regardless of their load torque. In this case, only one motor, called "master motor", will be self
High voltage power supply with modular series resonant inverters
A relatively small and compact high voltage, high current power supply for a laser utilizes a plurality of modules containing series resonant half bridge inverters. A pair of reverse conducting thyristors are incorporated in each series resonant inverter module such that the series resonant inverter modules are sequentially activated in phases 360.degree./n apart, where n=number of modules for n>2. Selective activation of the modules allows precise output control reducing ripple and improving efficiency. Each series resonant half bridge inverter module includes a transformer which has a cooling manifold for actively circulating a coolant such as water, to cool the transformer core as well as selected circuit elements. Conductors connecting and forming various circuit components comprise hollow, electrically conductive tubes such as copper. Coolant circulates through the tubes to remove heat. The conductive tubes act as electrically conductive lines for connecting various components of the power supply. Where it is desired to make electrical isolation breaks, tubes comprised of insulating material such as nylon are used to provide insulation and continue the fluid circuit.
Dreifuerst, Gary R. (Livermore, CA); Merritt, Bernard T. (Livermore, CA)
A relatively small and compact high voltage, high current power supply for a laser utilizes a plurality of modules containing series resonant half bridge inverters. A pair of reverse conducting thyristors are incorporated in each series resonant inverter module such that the series resonant inverter modules are sequentially activated in phases 360{degree}/n apart, where n=number of modules for n>2. Selective activation of the modules allows precise output control reducing ripple and improving efficiency. Each series resonant half bridge inverter module includes a transformer which has a cooling manifold for actively circulating a coolant such as water, to cool the transformer core as well as selected circuit elements. Conductors connecting and forming various circuit components comprise hollow, electrically conductive tubes such as copper. Coolant circulates through the tubes to remove heat. The conductive tubes act as electrically conductive lines for connecting various components of the power supply. Where it is desired to make electrical isolation breaks, tubes comprised of insulating material such as nylon are used to provide insulation and continue the fluid circuit. 11 figs.
Dreifuerst, G.R.; Merritt, B.T.
Review of PV Inverter Technology Cost and Performance Projections
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) has a major responsibility in the implementation of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Solar Energy Technologies Program. Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has a major role in supporting inverter development, characterization, standards, certifications, and verifications. The Solar Energy Technologies Program recently published a Multiyear Technical Plan, which establishes a goal of reducing the Levelized Energy Cost (LEC) for photovoltaic (PV) systems to $0.06/kWh by 2020. The Multiyear Technical Plan estimates that, in order to meet the PV system goal, PV inverter prices will need to decline to $0.25-0.30 Wp by 2020. DOE determined the need to conduct a rigorous review of the PV Program's technical and economic targets, including the target set for PV inverters. NREL requested that Navigant Consulting Inc.(NCI) conduct a review of historical and projected cost and performance improvements for PV inverters, including identification of critical barriers identified and the approaches government might use to address them.
Navigant Consulting Inc.
Modeling the Overshooting Effect for CMOS Inverter in Nanometer Technologies
With the scaling of CMOS technology, the over-shooting time due to the input-to-output coupling capacitance has much more significant effect on inverter delay. Moreover, the overshooting time is also an important parameter in the short circuit power ...
Zhangcai Huang; Hong Yu; Atsushi Kurokawa; Yasuaki Inoue
Calibrating Inverted Echo Sounders Equipped with Pressure Sensors
The addition of an accurate pressure sensor to the inverted echo sounder (IES) has allowed for the development of a new method for calibrating the IES�s acoustic travel-time record without the need for coincident conductivity�temperature�depth (...
Christopher S. Meinen; D. Randolph Watts
An Autonomously Recording Inverted Echo Sounder: ARIES II
A self-contained instrument, the Autonomously Recording Inverted Echo Sounder (ARIES II), carrying two 250-kHz beam side-scan sonars and with the capacity to record sonar data sampled at 3.2 kHz for 168 h with the sonars operating with a pulse ...
S. A. Thorpe; M. J. Ulloa; D. Baldwin; A. J. Hall
Nonlinear Control Techniques in Uninterruptible Power Supply Inverter: A Review
Summarizes the basic objectives of controllers for UPS system are tracking ability and robustness. To get this aims, many controllers have been proposed in the literature. In this paper a comprehensive review of the nonlinear control techniques of UPS ... Keywords: inverter, uninterruptible power supply, control techniques
Ghazanfar Shahgholian; Jawad Faiz; Pegah Shafaghi
Optimized Triple-Junction Solar Cells Using Inverted Metamorphic Approach (Presentation)
Record efficiencies with triple-junction inverted metamorphic designs, modeling useful to optimize, and consider operating conditions before choosing design.
Geisz, J. F.
NREL: Wind Research - Information and Outreach
small wind systems. Printable Version Wind Research Home Capabilities Projects Offshore Wind Research Large Wind Turbine Research Midsize Wind Turbine Research Small Wind Turbine...
Synchronization and power sharing for droop-controlled inverters in islanded microgrids
Motivated by the recent and growing interest in smart grid technology, we study the operation of DC/AC inverters in an inductive microgrid. We show that a network of loads and DC/AC inverters equipped with power-frequency droop controllers can be cast ... Keywords: Coupled oscillators, Distributed control, Inverters, Kuramoto model, Power-system control, Smart power applications, Synchronization
John W. Simpson-Porco, Florian D�Rfler, Francesco Bullo
Wind Power Today
Wind Power Today is an annual publication that provides an overview of the wind energy research conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program.
Not Available
Electrical power inverter having a phase modulated, twin-inverter, high frequency link and an energy storage module
The present invention provides an electrical power inverter method and apparatus, which includes a high frequency link, for converting DC power into AC power. Generally stated, the apparatus includes a first high frequency module which produces an AC voltage at a first output frequency, and a second high frequency inverter module which produces an AC voltage at a second output frequency that is substantially the same as the first output frequency. The second AC voltage is out of phase with the first AC voltage by a selected angular phase displacement. A mixer mixes the first and second output voltages to produce a high frequency carrier which has a selected base frequency impressed on the sidebands thereof. A rectifier rectifies the carrier, and a filter filters the rectified carrier. An output inverter inverts the filtered carrier to produce an AC line voltage at the selected base frequency. A phase modulator adjusts the relative angular phase displacement between the outputs of the first and second high frequency modules to control the base frequency and magnitude of the AC line voltage.
Pitel, Ira J. (Whippany, NJ)
The present invention provides an electrical power inverter method and apparatus, which includes a high frequency link, for converting DC power into AC power. Generally stated, the apparatus includes a first high frequency module which produces an AC voltage at a first output frequency, and a second high frequency inverter module which produces an AC voltage at a second output frequency that is substantially the same as the first output frequency. The second AC voltage is out of phase with the first AC voltage by a selected angular phase displacement. A mixer mixes the first and second output voltages to produce a high frequency carrier which has a selected base frequency impressed on the sidebands thereof. A rectifier rectifies the carrier, and a filter filters the rectified carrier. An output inverter inverts the filtered carrier to produce an AC line voltage at the selected base frequency. A phase modulator adjusts the relative angular phase displacement between the outputs of the first and second high frequency modules to control the base frequency and magnitude of the AC line voltage. 19 figs.
Pitel, I.J.
Wind energy manual
Objectives: The course introduces principles of wind power production, design of wind turbines, location and design of wind farms, control of turbines and wind farms, predictive modeling, diagnostics, operations and maintenance, condition monitoring, health monitoring and of turbine components and systems, wind farm performance optimization, and integration of wind power with a grid. The modeling and analysis aspect of the topics discussed in the class will be illustrated with examples and case studies. Textbook: References:
A. Vieira; Da Rosa; Fundamentals Renewable; Energy Processes; San Diego; Jacob Kirpes; Small Wind
NREL: Wind Research - Midsize Wind Turbine Research
Midsize Wind Turbine Research Midsize Wind Turbine Research To facilitate the development and commercialization of midsize wind turbines (turbines with a capacity rating of more than 100 kW up to 1 MW), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and NREL launched the Midsize Wind Turbine Development Project. In its latest study, NREL determined that there is a substantial market for midsize wind turbines. One of the most significant barriers to the midsize turbine market is the lack of turbines available for deployment; there are few midsize turbines on the market today. The objectives of the Midsize Wind Turbine Development Project are to reduce the barriers to wind energy expansion by filling an existing domestic technology gap; facilitate partnerships; accelerate maturation of existing U.S. wind energy businesses; and incorporate process improvement
Commonwealth Wind Incentive Program � Micro Wind Initiative
Through the Commonwealth Wind Incentive Program � Micro Wind Initiative the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) offers rebates of up to $4/W with a maximum of $130,000 for design and...
Wind characteristics for agricultural wind energy applications
Wind energy utilization in agriculture can provide a potentially significant savings in fuel oil consumption and ultimately a cost savings to the farmer. A knowledge of the wind characteristics within a region and at a location can contribute greatly to a more efficient and cost-effective use of this resource. Current research indicates that the important wind characteristics include mean annual wind speed and the frequency distribution of the wind, seasonal and diurnal variations in wind speed and direction, and the turbulent and gustiness characteristics of the wind. Further research is underway to provide a better definition of the total wind resource available, improved methods for siting WECS and an improved understanding of the environment to which the WECS respond.
Renne, D. S.
Wind Power Today: Federal Wind Program Highlights
Wind Power Today is an annual publication that provides an overview of the wind research conducted under the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. The purpose of Wind Power Today is to show how DOE supports wind turbine research and deployment in hopes of furthering the advancement of wind technologies that produce clean, low-cost, reliable energy. Content objectives include: educate readers about the advantages and potential for widespread deployment of wind energy; explain the program's objectives and goals; describe the program's accomplishments in research and application; examine the barriers to widespread deployment; describe the benefits of continued research and development; facilitate technology transfer; and attract cooperative wind energy projects with industry.
NREL: Wind Research - Offshore Wind Resource Characterization
Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Offshore Wind Resource Characterization Map of the United States, showing the wind potential of offshore areas across the country. Enlarge image US offshore wind speed estimates at 90-m height NREL scientists and engineers are leading efforts in resource mapping, remote sensor measurement and development, and forecasting that are essential for the development of offshore wind. Resource Mapping For more than 15 years, NREL's meteorologists, engineers, and Geographic Information System experts have led the production of wind resource characterization maps and reports used by policy makers, private industry, and other government organizations to inform and accelerate the development of wind energy in the United States. Offshore wind resource data and mapping has strategic uses. As with terrestrial developments, traditional
Diablo Winds Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Diablo Winds Wind Farm Diablo Winds Wind Farm Facility Diablo Winds Wind Farm Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner NextEra Energy Resources Developer NextEra Energy Resources Energy Purchaser Pacific Gas & Electric Co Location Altamont Pass CA Coordinates 37.7347°, -121.652° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":37.7347,"lon":-121.652,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Wind Energy Technologies
Wind energy technologies use the energy in wind for practical purposes such as generating electricity, charging batteries, pumping water, and grinding grain.
Wind/Hydro Study
WindHydro Integration Feasibility Study Announcements (Updated July 8, 2010) The Final WindHydro Integration Feasibility Study Report, dated June 2, 2009, has been submitted to...
Wind | Department of Energy
Assessment and Characterization Defining, measuring, and forecasting land-based and offshore wind resources Environmental Impacts and Siting of Wind Projects Avoiding,...
NREL: Wind Research - Testing
Testing Photo of a large wind turbine blade sticking out of the structural testing laboratory; it is perpendicular to a building at the National Wind Technology Center. A...
Wind for Schools (Poster)
As the United States dramatically expands wind energy deployment, the industry is challenged with developing a skilled workforce and addressing public resistance. Wind Powering America's Wind for Schools project addresses these issues by developing Wind Application Centers (WACs) at universities; WAC students assist in implementing school wind turbines and participate in wind courses, by installing small wind turbines at community "host" schools, by implementing teacher training with interactive curricula at each host school. This poster provides an overview of the first two years of the Wind for Schools project, primarily supporting activities in Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, Montana, and Idaho.
Baring-Gould, I.
Wind energy bibliography
This bibliography is designed to help the reader search for information on wind energy. The bibliography is intended to help several audiences, including engineers and scientists who may be unfamiliar with a particular aspect of wind energy, university researchers who are interested in this field, manufacturers who want to learn more about specific wind topics, and librarians who provide information to their clients. Topics covered range from the history of wind energy use to advanced wind turbine design. References for wind energy economics, the wind energy resource, and environmental and institutional issues related to wind energy are also included.
policy support for other renewable energy sources, wind mayrenewable energy and climate policy initiatives. With wind
Impact of inverter station on torsional dynamics of parallel HVdc-ac power system
This paper investigates the impact of an inverter station on the torsional dynamics of a turbine-generator set which is located at the rectifier side of a parallel HVdc-ac power system. The studies show that depending on the stiffness of the inverter ac bus and electrical coupling between the inverter and rectifier ac buses, the inverter closed loop control can have noticeable contribution to the instability of torsional dynamics. This adverse torsional impact is observed in the study results even when the inverter ac bus is fairly strong (ESCR larger than 5.0).
Iravani, M.R.; Zhao, Z.; Hamouda, R.M. (Univ. of Toronto, Ontario (Canada). Dept. of Electrical Engineering)
GAP analysis towards a design qualification standard development for grid-connected photovoltaic inverters.
A dedicated design qualification standard for PV inverters does not exist. Development of a well-accepted design qualification standard, specifically for PV inverters will significantly improve the reliability and performance of inverters. The existing standards for PV inverters such as ANSI/UL 1741 and IEC 62109-1 primarily focus on safety of PV inverters. The IEC 62093 discusses inverter qualification but it includes all the BOS components. There are other general standards for distributed generators including the IEEE 1547 series of standards which cover major concerns like utility integration but they are not dedicated to PV inverters and are not written from a design qualification point of view. In this paper some of the potential requirements for a design qualification standard for PV inverters are addressed. The missing links in existing PV inverter related standards are identified and with the IEC 62093 as a guideline, the possible inclusions in the framework for a dedicated design qualification standard of PV inverter are discussed. Some of the key missing links are related to electric stress tests. Hence, a method to adapt the existing surge withstand test standards for use in design qualification standard of PV inverter is presented.
Tamizhmani, Govindasamy (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Granata, Jennifer E.; Maracas, George (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Ayyanar, Raja (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ); Marinella, Matthew; Venkataramanan, Sai Balasubramanian Alampoondi (Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ)
Dynamic performance and control of a static var generator using cascade multilevel inverters
A cascade multilevel inverter is proposed for static VAR shifting, compensation/generation applications. The new cascade M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 single-phase full bridges in which each bridge has its own separate dc source. This inverter can generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage with only one time switching per cycle. It can eliminate the need for transformers in multipulse inverters. A prototype static VAR generator (SVG) system using 11- level cascade inverter (21-level line-to-line voltage waveform) has been built. The output voltage waveform is equivalent to that of a 60- pulse inverter. This paper focuses on dynamic performance of the cascade inverter based SVG system. Control schemes are proposed to achieve a fast response which is impossible for a conventional static VAR compensator (SVC). Analytical, simulated and experimental results show the superiority of the proposed SVG system.
Peng, Fang Zheng [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States); Lai, Jih-Sheng [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Combined Electric Machine and Current Source Inverter Drive System ...
Wind power generators ; Industrial power generators; More Information John S. Hsu. Combined Electric Machine and Current Source Invertor Drive System, U.S ...
PWM Inverter control and the application thereof within electric vehicles
An inverter (34) which provides power to an A.C. machine (28) is controlled by a circuit (36) employing PWM control strategy whereby A.C. power is supplied to the machine at a preselectable frequency and preselectable voltage. This is accomplished by the technique of waveform notching in which the shapes of the notches are varied to determine the average energy content of the overall waveform. Through this arrangement, the operational efficiency of the A.C. machine is optimized. The control circuit includes a micro-computer and memory element which receive various parametric inputs and calculate optimized machine control data signals therefrom. The control data is asynchronously loaded into the inverter through an intermediate buffer (38). In its preferred embodiment, the present invention is incorporated within an electric vehicle (10) employing a 144 VDC battery pack (32) and a three-phase induction motor (18).
Geppert, Steven (Bloomfield Hills, MI)
Seismic Qualification Case Study for a New Inverter
This report reviews and compares methods used for the seismic qualification of safety related equipment at nuclear power plants and examines an alternative, hybrid approach. The report investigates the costs and lead times for each seismic qualification approach and also discusses the seismic capacity definitions that result from the application of each qualification approach. The report includes a case study that applies the new approach to the seismic qualification of an inverter.
West Winds Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
West Winds Wind Farm West Winds Wind Farm Facility West Winds Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Caithness Developer SeaWest Energy Purchaser Southern California Edison/PacifiCorp Location San Gorgonio CA Coordinates 33.9095°, -116.734° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":33.9095,"lon":-116.734,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Media Center - Argonne Partners with Delphi on Inverter
Argonne part of Delphi-led team to reduce cost, size of hybrid vehicle component Argonne part of Delphi-led team to reduce cost, size of hybrid vehicle component Argonne is part of a Delphi Corp.-led team that has been selected by the U.S. Department of Energy to develop the next-generation propulsion inverter for hybrid vehicles, according to an announcement by Delphi earlier this week. The project is valued at $8 million, with DOE providing $5 million and the Delphi team contributing $3 million. The team's aim is to reduce the size and cost of the inverter for electric propulsion systems by 50 percent or more. Propulsion invertors supply phased alternating current power for hybrid traction motors and generators, and enable exact control of electrical power flow from the battery to the electric motor. The small inverter would cost less and be used in the next-generation high-efficiency hybrid electric and plug-in hybrids vehicles, as well as in fuel cell-powered vehicles in the longer-term.
Applications: Operational wind turbines
Capability Applications: Operational wind turbines Benefits: Optimize wind turbine performance Summary: Researchers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) Intelligent Wind Turbine Program are developing a multi-physics modeling approach for the analysis of wind turbines in the presence of realistic
Wind powering America: Iowa
Wind resources in the state of Iowa show great potential for wind energy development. This fact sheet provides a brief description of the state's wind resources and the financial incentives available for the development of wind energy systems. It also provides a list of contacts for more information.
NREL: Wind Research - Small Wind Site Assessment: Wind Powering...
environmental impacts have increased the demand for small wind energy systems for homeowners, schools, businesses, and local governments. Over the past decade, the knowledge,...
Conventional and fuzzy PI control of voltage-source inverter-fed induction motor drive for electric vehicle
Keywords: adaptive control, control algorithm, electric vehicle, fuzzy control, inverter drive system
Tadeusz Stefanski
Wind system interconnected with the Public Service Company at Deming, New Mexico. Final report
In cooperation with the Public Service Company of New Mexico (PNM), the New Mexico Solar Energy Institute fieldtested a 25-kilowatt wind generator in Deming, New Mexico. The wind generator, manufactured by Carter Wind Systems, helped power an irrigation load. Wind speed, pump load, wind-generator power output, power fed into the PNM line, and reactive power requirements of pump and wind generator were monitored and recorded on magnetic tape. The wind generator produced a total of 28,997 kilowatt hours between August 1981 and December 1983. The capacity factor for that period was 6.6%. The average wind speed was lower than anticipated - 6.18 miles per hour versus 10 miles per hour recorded during five previous years. Total downtime of the wind generator was 13.5%. Power curves were measured and show a cut-in speed of between seven and eight miles per hour (manufacturer's specification: 7.5 mph) and a maximum 15-minute average power output of 21.5 kilowatts. The wind generator produced power 54.7% of the time. It supplied 4.2% of the irrigation load at the site. There is no good match between the irrigation load peak in June and July and the wind resource, which peaks in March and April. Wind-assisted irrigation may, therefore, not be feasible for the Deming area. Considering the low wind resource during the project period, the wind generator performed well and reliably. No problems were encountered in operating the wind system parallel to the utility line.
Schoenmackers, R.
Wind Powering America
These news items are notable additions These news items are notable additions to the Wind Powering America Web site. The Wind Powering America Web site reports recent national and state wind market changes by cataloging wind activities such as wind resource maps, small wind consumer's guides, local wind workshops, news articles, and publications in the areas of policy, public power, small wind, Native Americans, agricultural sector, economic development, public lands, and schools. en-us email@example.com (Julie Jones) http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/images/wpa_logo_sm.jpg Wind Powering America http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/ Nominate an Electric Cooperative for Wind Power Leadership Award by January 15 http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=4076 http://www.windpoweringamerica.gov/filter_detail.asp?itemid=4076 Mon, 16
Questions and Answers - What happens when a magnet is cut in two? Does the
Can you turn something into a magnetby banging on it in a specific way? Can you turn something into a magnet<br>by banging on it in a specific way? Previous Question (Can you turn something into a magnet by banging on it in a specific way?) Questions and Answers Main Index Next Question (Does the size of a magnet make it stronger?) Does the size of a magnetmake it stronger? What happens when a magnet is cut in two? Does the strength of an electromagnet depend on the number of turns of wire? If you have two magnets how can you find out which one is stronger? A couple of different things can happen when you cut a magnet in half.If you do it gently you can end up with two magnets. You can think of a magnet as a bundle of tiny magnets, called magnetic domains, that are jammed together. Each one reinforces the magnetic fields of the others. Each one
New England Wind Forum: New England Wind Resources
New England Wind Forum About the New England Wind Forum New England Wind Energy Education Project Historic Wind Development in New England State Activities Projects in New England Building Wind Energy in New England Wind Resources Wind Power Technology Economics Markets Siting Policy Technical Challenges Issues Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share New England Wind Resources Go to the Vermont wind resource map. Go to the New Hampshire wind resource map. Go to the Maine wind resource map. Go to the Massachusetts wind resource map. Go to the Connecticut wind resource map. Go to the Rhode Island wind resource map. New England Wind Resource Maps Wind resources maps of Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maine, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont.
Wind energy, offers considerable promise: the wind itself is free,
Wind energy, offers considerable promise: the wind itself is free, wind power is clean. One of these sources, wind energy, offers considerable promise: the wind itself is free, wind power is clean, and it is virtually inexhaustible. In recent years, research on wind energy has accelerated
Langendoen, Koen
Wind Power Outlook 2004
The brochure, expected to be updated annually, provides the American Wind Energy Association's (AWAE's) up-to-date assessment of the wind industry. It provides a summary of the state of wind power in the U.S., including the challenges and opportunities facing the industry. It provides summary information on the growth of the industry, policy-related factors such as the federal wind energy production tax credit status, comparisons with natural gas, and public views on wind energy.
Wind Resource Maps (Postcard)
The U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America initiative provides high-resolution wind maps and estimates of the wind resource potential that would be possible from development of the available windy land areas after excluding areas unlikely to be developed. This postcard is a marketing piece that stakeholders can provide to interested parties; it will guide them to Wind Powering America's online wind energy resource maps.
Development program for 3. 0 kW inverter. Militarized inverter for use with fuel cell or battery power plants. Final report, December 1976--December 1978
This report describes the design, construction and testing of a static inverter rated at 3.0 kilowatts. Circuit techniques were evaluated to obtain desired results with considerations to cost, reliability, maintainability, weight, size and efficiency. The application of this portable, rugged inverter is to replace mechanical alternating generators used in the field.
Rance, J.E.
Grid Impacts of Distributed Generation with Advanced Inverter Functions: Hosting Capacity of Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Using Smart Inverters
With increasing penetration levels of solar photovoltaics (PV), the need for inverter technology to provide grid support has become more and more critical. Since 2009, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and industry partners have been working to establish a common set of functions that can provide such capability. The development of a common set of functions is complete; however, very little work to date has addressed the impact that these common functions will have on grid performance, ...
Surface wind speed distributions| Implications for climate and wind power.
?? Surface constituent and energy fluxes, and wind power depend non-linearly on wind speed and are sensitive to the tails of the wind distribution. Until� (more)
Capps, Scott Blair
Discussion of �Ultimate Wind Load Design Gust Wind Speeds ...
... Ind. Aerodyn., 97(3�4), 120�131. Peterka, JA (2001). �Database of peak gust wind speeds, Texas Tech/ CSU.� Extreme winds and wind effects on ...
NREL: Wind Research - Small Wind Turbine Independent Testing
Wind Research Search More Search Options Site Map Printable Version Small Wind Turbine Independent Testing One of the barriers for the small wind market has been the lack...
Sinomatech Wind Power Blade aka Sinoma Science Technology Wind...
Sinomatech Wind Power Blade aka Sinoma Science Technology Wind Turbine Blade Co Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Sinomatech Wind Power Blade (aka Sinoma Science & Technology...
NREL: Wind Research - Wind Applications Center Valuable Resource...
Wind Applications Center Valuable Resource for Wind for Schools Partners March 14, 2013 Audio with Jerry Hudgins, Nebraska Wind Applications Center Director and Joel Jacobs,...
Wind Powering America Webinar: Wind Power Economics: Past, Present...
Power Economics: Past, Present, and Future Trends Wind Powering America Webinar: Wind Power Economics: Past, Present, and Future Trends November 23, 2011 - 1:43pm Addthis Wind...
NREL: Wind Research - WindPACT
WindPACT WindPACT The Wind Partnerships for Advanced Component Technology (WindPACT) studies were conducted to assist industry by testing innovative components, such as advanced blades and drivetrains, to lower the cost of energy. Specific goals included: Foster technological advancements to reduce the cost of wind energy Determine probable size ranges of advanced utility-scale turbines over the next decade for U.S. application Evaluate advanced concepts that are necessary to achieve objectives of cost and size for future turbines Identify and solve technological hurdles that may block industry from taking advantage of promising technology Design, fabricate, and test selected advanced components to prove their viability Support wind industry through transfer of technology from
Wind Wind Wind America is home to one of the largest and fastest growing wind markets in the world. Watch the video to learn more about the latest trends in the U.S. wind power market and join us this Thursday, August 8 at 3 pm ET for a Google+ Hangout on wind energy in America. The United States is home to one of the largest and fastest growing wind markets in the world. To stay competitive in this sector, the Energy Department invests in wind projects, both on land and offshore, to advance technology innovations, create job opportunities and boost economic growth. Moving forward, the U.S. wind industry remains a critical part of the Energy Department's all-of-the-above energy strategy to cut carbon pollution, diversify our energy economy and bring the next-generation of
WIND DATA REPORT Presque Isle
WIND DATA REPORT Presque Isle December 1, 2004 December 1, 2005 Prepared for United States ......................................................................................................... 9 Wind Speed Time Series........................................................................................................... 10 Wind Speed Distributions
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island
WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island June 1, 2003 August 31, 2003 Prepared for Massachusetts...................................................................................................................... 9 Wind Speed Time Series............................................................................................................. 9 Wind Speed Distribution
WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island December 1, 2003 February 29, 2004 Prepared for Massachusetts.................................................................................................................... 11 Wind Speed Time Series........................................................................................................... 11 Wind Speed Distribution
WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island June 1, 2004 August 31, 2004 Prepared for Massachusetts...................................................................................................................... 9 Wind Speed Time Series............................................................................................................. 9 Wind Speed Distribution
WIND DATA REPORT FALMOUTH, MA June1, 2004 to August 31, 2004. Prepared for Massachusetts Technology...................................................................................................................... 8 Wind Speed Time Series............................................................................................................. 8 Wind Speed Distributions
WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island September 1, 2003 November 30, 2003 Prepared for Massachusetts...................................................................................................................... 9 Wind Speed Time Series............................................................................................................. 9 Wind Speed Distribution
WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island March 1, 2004 May 31, 2004 Prepared for Massachusetts Technology...................................................................................................................... 9 Wind Speed Time Series............................................................................................................. 9 Wind Speed Distribution
WIND DATA REPORT Presque Isle December 1, 2004 February 28, 2005 Prepared for United States.................................................................................................................... 10 Wind Speed Time Series........................................................................................................... 10 Wind Speed Distributions
WIND DATA REPORT Presque Isle March 1, 2005 May 31, 2005 Prepared for United States Department.................................................................................................................... 10 Wind Speed Time Series........................................................................................................... 10 Wind Speed Distributions
WIND DATA REPORT Presque Isle June 1, 2005 August 31, 2005 Prepared for United States Department...................................................................................................................... 9 Wind Speed Time Series............................................................................................................. 9 Wind Speed Distributions
WIND DATA REPORT Thompson Island March 1, 2003 May 31, 2003 Prepared for Massachusetts Technology...................................................................................................................... 9 Wind Speed Time Series............................................................................................................. 9 Wind Speed Distributions
2010 Wind Technologies Market Report
turbine prices. Installed project costs are found to exhibitpressure on total project costs and wind power prices. Windinstalled wind power project costs, wind turbine transaction
Wiser, Ryan
2009 Wind Technologies Market Report
downward pressure on project costs and wind power prices.installed wind power project costs, wind turbine transactionand uncertain offshore project costs, and public acceptance
natural gas prices), pushed wind energy to the top of (andperformance, and price of wind energy, policy uncertainty �cost, performance, and price of wind energy, some of these
UnitedStatesWindHighResolutionRhodeIslandWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of Rhode...
UnitedStatesWindHighResolutionConnecticutWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of...
UnitedStatesWindHighResolutionMassachusettsWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of...
DataTechnologySpecificUnitedStatesWindHighResolutionVermontWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of Vermont...
UnitedStatesWindHighResolutionNewHampshireWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of New...
ISDataTechnologySpecificUnitedStatesWindHighResolutionIowaWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of Iowa at...
SDataTechnologySpecificUnitedStatesWindHighResolutionMaineWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of Maine...
DataTechnologySpecificUnitedStatesWindHighResolutionGeorgiaWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for the state of Georgia...
ataTechnologySpecificUnitedStatesWindHighResolutionNewYorkWindHighResolution.zip> Description: Abstract: Annual average wind resource potential for New York at a 50...
PROGRAM 2 Presentation Overview * Introduction to 2009 edition of U.S. wind energy market report * Wind installation trends * Wind industry trends * Price, cost, and...
2010. SPP WITF Wind Integration Study. Little Rock,GE Energy. 2011a. Oahu Wind Integration Study Final Report.Corp. 2010. Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study.
Prepared for the Utility Wind Integration Group. Arlington,Arizona Public Service Wind Integration Cost Impact Study.2010. SPP WITF Wind Integration Study. Little Rock,
federal and state incentives for wind energy deployment. Thefederal and state incentives for wind energy deployment.federal and state incentives for wind energy deployment in
continued state and federal incentives for wind energy,continued state and federal incentives for wind energy,continued state and federal incentives for wind energy,
2008. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association.American Wind Energy Association ( AWEA). 2009b. AWEA SmallWashington, DC: American Wind Energy Association. Bolinger,
2010. International Wind Energy Development: World MarketUniversity. American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). 2010a.Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association. American
2010. Status of Centralized Wind Power Forecasting in NorthInterconnection Policies and Wind Power: A Discussion ofs first utility-scale wind power project. Credit: Klaus
The Effects of Integrating Wind Power on Transmission SystemInterconnection Policies and Wind Power: A Discussion ofof their database of wind power projects, and for providing
and Minnesota (12%). Offshore Wind Power Project and Policythe emergence of an offshore wind power market still facesexists in developing offshore wind energy in several parts
11 �advanced-stage� offshore wind project proposals totalingcontinued in 2008 (see Offshore Wind Development Activities,Market Report Offshore Wind Development Activities In
The wind energy integration, transmission, and policy2012, however, federal policy towards wind energy remainsin federal policy towards wind energy after 2012 places such
The wind energy integration, transmission, and policyPTC. Moreover, federal policy towards wind energy remainsand policy announcements demonstrate accelerated activity in the offshore wind energy
performance, and price of wind energy, policy uncertainty �The wind energy integration, transmission, and policyand absent supportive policies for wind energy. That said,
Prepared for the Utility Wind Integration Group. Arlington,Consult. 2010. International Wind Energy Development: WorldUBS Global I/O: Global Wind Sector. UBS Investment Research.
2008. Washington, DC: American Wind Energy Association.American Wind Energy Association ( AWEA).2009b. AWEA Small Wind Turbine Global Market Study: Year
DOE Science Showcase - Wind Power
Power Testing and Data in General Wind and Turbine Dynamics Wind Stresses Control, the Power Grid, and the Grids Economics Environmental Effects Energy101: Wind Turbines...
Utility-scale grid-tied PV inverter reliability workshop summary report.
A key to the long-term success of the photovoltaic (PV) industry is confidence in the reliability of PV systems. Inverters are the most commonly noted cause of PV system incidents triggered in the field. While not all of these incidents are reliability-related or even necessarily failures, they still result in a loss of generated power. With support from the U.S. Department of Energy's Solar Energy Technologies Program, Sandia National Laboratories organized a Utility-Scale Grid-Tied Inverter Reliability Workshop in Albuquerque, New Mexico, January 27-28, 2011. The workshop addressed the reliability of large (100-kilowatt+) grid-tied inverters and the implications when such inverters fail, evaluated inverter codes and standards, and provided discussion about opportunities to enhance inverter reliability. This report summarizes discussions and presentations from the workshop and identifies opportunities for future efforts.
Granata, Jennifer E.; Quintana, Michael A.; Tasca, Coryne Adelle (SRA International, Inc., Fairfax, VA); Atcitty, Stanley
NREL: Wind Research - Projects
Projects Projects NREL's wind energy research and development projects focus on reducing the cost of wind technology and expanding access to wind energy sites. Our specialized technical expertise, comprehensive design and analysis tools, and unique testing facilities help industry overcome challenges to bringing new wind technology to the marketplace. Some of these success stories are described in NREL's Wind R&D Success Stories. We also work closely with universities and other national laboratories supporting fundamental research in wind technologies, including aerodynamics, aeroacoustics, and material sciences essential in the development of new blade technologies and advanced controls, power electronics, and testing to further refine drivetrain topology.
Wind Power Career Chat
This document will teach students about careers in the wind energy industry. Wind energy, both land-based and offshore, is expected to provide thousands of new jobs in the next several decades. Wind energy companies are growing rapidly to meet America's demand for clean, renewable, and domestic energy. These companies need skilled professionals. Wind power careers will require educated people from a variety of areas. Trained and qualified workers manufacture, construct, operate, and manage wind energy facilities. The nation will also need skilled researchers, scientists, and engineers to plan and develop the next generation of wind energy technologies.
Wind power today
This publication highlights initiatives of the US DOE`s Wind Energy Program. 1997 yearly activities are also very briefly summarized. The first article describes a 6-megawatt wind power plant installed in Vermont. Another article summarizes technical advances in wind turbine technology, and describes next-generation utility and small wind turbines in the planning stages. A village power project in Alaska using three 50-kilowatt turbines is described. Very brief summaries of the Federal Wind Energy Program and the National Wind Technology Center are also included in the publication.
Wind energy information guide
This book is divided into nine chapters. Chapters 1--8 provide background and annotated references on wind energy research, development, and commercialization. Chapter 9 lists additional sources of printed information and relevant organizations. Four indices provide alphabetical access to authors, organizations, computer models and design tools, and subjects. A list of abbreviations and acronyms is also included. Chapter topics include: introduction; economics of using wind energy; wind energy resources; wind turbine design, development, and testing; applications; environmental issues of wind power; institutional issues; and wind energy systems development.
NREL: Education Programs - KidWind Project and Wind Education...
KidWind Project and Wind Education in the Classroom: Wind Powering America Lessons Learned July 1, 2013 Integrating wind energy curricula into the classroom can seem like a...
Reliable, Efficient and Cost-Effective Electric Power Converter for Small Wind Turbines Based on AC-link Technology
Grid-tied inverter power electronics have been an Achilles heel of the small wind industry, providing opportunity for new technologies to provide lower costs, greater efficiency, and improved reliability. The small wind turbine market is also moving towards the 50-100kW size range. The unique AC-link power conversion technology provides efficiency, reliability, and power quality advantages over existing technologies, and Princeton Power will adapt prototype designs used for industrial asynchronous motor control to a 50kW small wind turbine design.
Darren Hammell; Mark Holveck; DOE Project Officer - Keith Bennett
Evaluation of Three-Phase Photovoltaic Inverters with Grid Support Functionality
Photovoltaic (PV) inverters are capable of providing grid-friendly functionalities, including reactive current support, active power control, frequency-watt control, and ride through for abnormal grid voltage. This technical update presents laboratory test results of two three-phase inverters with several of these grid support functionalities enabled. The inverters tested in this project are Sunny Tripower 10000TL from SMA Germany and the PVI 82KW from Solectria Renewables, LLC. Sunny Tripower is ...
NREL: Wind Research - Landing a Job in the Wind Industry: Wind...
Landing a Job in the Wind Industry: Wind Powering America Lessons Learned January 28, 2013 Wind Powering America interviewed Marilla Lamb, a 2012 graduate of Northern Arizona...
2008 Wind Energy Projects, Wind Powering America (Poster)
The Wind Powering America program produces a poster at the end of every calendar year that depicts new U.S. wind energy projects. The 2008 poster includes the following projects: Stetson Wind Farm in Maine; Dutch Hill Wind Farm in New York; Grand Ridge Wind Energy Center in Illinois; Hooper Bay, Alaska; Forestburg, South Dakota; Elbow Creek Wind Project in Texas; Glacier Wind Farm in Montana; Wray, Colorado; Smoky Hills Wind Farm in Kansas; Forbes Park Wind Project in Massachusetts; Spanish Fork, Utah; Goodland Wind Farm in Indiana; and the Tatanka Wind Energy Project on the border of North Dakota and South Dakota.
Developement of a digitally controlled low power single phase inverter for grid connected solar panel.
?? The work consists in developing a power conversion unit for solar panel connected to the grid. This unit will be a single phase inverter� (more)
Marguet, Raphael
Energy Capture Improvement of a Solar PV System Using a Multilevel Inverter.
??The challenges with solar energy extraction are addressed in the proposed approach through development and demonstration of multilevel inverter architecture and the associated control algorithms.� (more)
Mahmud, Nayeem
Integral inverter/battery charger for use in electric vehicles. Final report
The design and test results of a thyristor based inverter/charger are discussed. A battery charger is included integral to the inverter by using a subset of the inverter power circuit components. The resulting charger provides electrical isolation between the vehicle propulsion battery and ac line and is capable of charging a 25 kWh propulsion battery in 8 hours from a 220 volt ac line. The integral charger employs the inverter commutation components as a resonant ac/dc isolated converter rated at 3.6 kW. Charger efficiency and power factor at an output power of 3.6 kW are 86% and 95%, respectively. The inverter, when operated with a matching polyphase ac induction motor and nominal 132 volt propulsion battery, can provide a peak shaft power of 34 kW (45 hp) during motoring operation and 45 kW (60 hp) during regeneration. Thyristors are employed for the inverter power switching devices and are arranged in an input-commutated topology. This configuration requires only two thyristors to commutate the six main inverter thyristors. Inverter efficiency during motoring operation at motor shaft speeds above 450 rad/sec (4300 rpm) is 92 to 94% for output power levels above 11 KW (15 hp). The combined ac inverter/charger package weighs 47 kg (103 lbs).
Thimmesch, D.
Mathematical model for the bridge-type auxiliary impulse commutated power inverter
This paper presents analytical picture for the utilization of the auxiliary impulse commutated inverter in connection with various direct energy conversion devices. To ensure effective inversion, V-A switching characteristics as well as power handling capacities with respect to interconnected modules have to be matched with loading conditions at the inverter output. Mathematical model for this inverter could be used as the basic criterion for expressing the time varying voltage output with respect to the specific applied from the direct energy conversion device. Pure sinusoidal inverter output voltage could be secured through total neutralization of impulse and DC components by filtering.
Denno, K.
A new current source GTO inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current
A new current source inverter with sinusoidal output voltage and current is presented. Gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and pulsewidth modulation (PWM) control techniques are used in the current source inverter to produce the sinusoidal output voltage and current. Three capacitors are connected to the ac output terminals to absorb overvoltages which occur when the GTO current is cut off and to provide a filter function for reducing harmonics in the output current. Voltage spikes, which have been a serious problem in the practical application of this inverter, are suppressed by adding gate pulses which force the inverter into a state of shoot-through. Moreover, this inverter permits the capacitance of an ac output terminal capacitor for absorbing overvoltages to be reduced to one-tenth or less of that of a commutating capacitor in a conventional thyristor type current source inverter. A 3.7-kW induction motor is driven by the inverter. The motor efficiency and noise level are measured and compared with those obtained when the motor is driven by a conventional voltage source PWM inverter. An operating efficiency five or six percent higher and noise level 10 dB lower are obtained for the former. Therefore, this current source GTO inverter is very suitable for ac motor variable speed drives.
Hombu, M.; Matsuda, Y.; Ueda, A.; Ueda, S.
NREL: Wind Research - National Wind Technology Center
Center Center The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL's) National Wind Technology Center (NWTC), located at the base of the foothills just south of Boulder, Colorado, is the nation's premier wind energy technology research facility. Built in 1993, the center provides an ideal environment for the development of advanced wind energy technologies. The goal of the research conducted at the center is to help industry reduce the cost of energy so that wind can compete with traditional energy sources, providing a clean, renewable alternative for our nation's energy needs. Research at the NWTC is organized under two main categories, Wind Technology Development and Testing and Operations. Illustration of the National Wind Technology Center's organization chart. Fort Felker is listed as the Center Director, with Mike Robinson, Deputy Center Director; Paul Veers, Chief Engineer, and Laura Davis and Dorothy Haldeman beneath him. The Associate Director position is empty. Beneath them is the Wind Technology Research and Development Group Manager, Mike Robinson; the Testing and Operations Group Manager, Dave Simms; and the Offshore Wind and Ocean Power Systems Acting Supervisor, Fort Felker.
Wind Powering America: Wind Energy Videos
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
Wind Powering America is a nationwide initiative designed to increase the use of wind energy across the United States by working with regional stakeholders. A list of videos developed by and for the program includes interviews, short news clips, and documentary-like programs.
Greensburg Wind Farm
renewable energy and energy efficiency. * Kansas offers the third highest potential for wind energy in the U.S. * Thorough research conducted by NREL proved the viability of wind...
Wind Energy Resources
Wind energy can be produced anywhere in the world where the wind blows with a strong and consistent force. Windier locations produce more energy, which lowers the cost of producing electricity....
Wind Energy Benefits
Wind energy provides many benefits, including economic and environmental. This two-sided fact sheet succinctly outlines the top ten wind energy benefits and is especially well suited for general audiences.
Severe Convective Wind Environments
Nontornadic thunderstorm winds from long-lived, widespread convective windstorms can have a tremendous impact on human lives and property. To examine environments that support damaging wind producing convection, sounding parameters from Rapid ...
Evan L. Kuchera; Matthew D. Parker
Wind Turbine Maintenance Guide
This guideline provides component-level information regarding the maintenance of major components associated with a wind turbine. It combines recommendations offered by major equipment manufacturers with lessons learned from owner/operators of wind turbine facilities.
Photo of a crane lifting the blades onto a wind turbine that reads 'U.S. Department of Energy, NREL.' You can learn more about horizontal axis turbines from the EERE Wind Program's...
... Avg Wind Speed 7.5 m/s 8.74 m/s GE 2.x turbine family ... 1 to 48 Hour Wind Forecasting ... Danish Transmission Grid w/ Interconnects & Offshore Sites ...
Wind Rose Bias Correction
Wind rose summaries, which provide a basis for understanding and evaluating the climatological behavior of local wind, have a directional bias if a conventional method is used in their generation. Three techniques used to remove this bias are ...
Scott Applequist
NREL: Wind Research - Awards
Awards NREL has received many awards for its technical innovations in wind energy. In addition, the research conducted at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC) at NREL has led...
Surface Wind Direction Variability
Common large shifts of wind direction in the weak-wind nocturnal boundary layer are poorly understood and are not adequately captured by numerical models and statistical parameterizations. The current study examines 15 datasets representing a ...
Larry Mahrt
Virtual Wind Speed Sensor for Wind Turbines Andrew Kusiak1
Virtual Wind Speed Sensor for Wind Turbines Andrew Kusiak1 ; Haiyang Zheng2 ; and Zijun Zhang3 Abstract: A data-driven approach for development of a virtual wind-speed sensor for wind turbines is presented. The virtual wind-speed sensor is built from historical wind-farm data by data-mining algorithms
Kusiak, Andrew
growth in U.S. wind turbine manufacturing capability and the drop in wind power plantgrowth in U.S. wind turbine manufacturing capability and the drop in wind power plant
Prepared for the Utility Wind Integration Group. Arlington,Wind Logics, Inc. 2004. Wind Integration Study�Final Report.EnerNex Corp. 2006. Wind Integration Study for Public
EERE: Energy Basics Wind Power Animation This animation discusses the advantages of wind power, the workings of a wind turbine, and wind resources in the United States. It also...
Wind Blog | Department of Energy
Wind Blog Wind Blog RSS September 26, 2013 Wind Farm Brings Clean, Affordable Energy to Alaskan Cooperative How can we make it easier for more communities to use wind power?...
Renewable Energy in China: Xiao Qing Dao Village Power Wind/Diesel Hybrid Pilot Project
In 2000, DOE/NREL and the State Power Corporation of China (SPCC) developed a pilot project to electrify Xiao Qing Dao, a small island located in China's Yellow Sea. The project demonstrates the practicality of renewable energy systems for medium-scale, off-grid applications. It consists of four 10 k-W wind turbines connected to a 30-kW diesel generator, a 40-kW inverter and a battery bank.
Wind powering America: Vermont
Wind resources in the state of Vermont show great potential for wind energy development according to the wind resource assessment conducted by the state, its utilities, and NREL. This fact sheet provides a brief description of the resource assessment and a link to the resulting wind resource map produced by NREL. The fact sheet also provides a description of the state's net metering program, its financial incentives, and green power programs as well as a list of contacts for more information.
Wind powering America: Colorado
This fact sheet contains information about green power programs in Colorado and a description of the Ponnequin Wind Farm.
O'Dell, K.
Wind powering America: Kansas
Wind resources in the state of Kansas show great potential for wind energy development according to the wind resource assessment conducted by the Kansas Electric Utilities Research Program, UWIG, and DOE. This fact sheet provides a brief description of the resource assessment and description of the state's new educational wind kiosk as well as its green power program and financial incentives available for the development of renewable energy technologies. A list of contacts for more information is also included.
America's Booming Wind Industry
Sharing key findings from two new Energy Department reports that highlight the record growth of America's wind industry.
Carroll County- Wind Ordinance
This ordinance sets forth regulations for the zoning, erection, and operation of small wind energy systems in Carroll County, Maryland.
Kent County- Wind Ordinance
This ordinance establishes provisions and standards for small wind energy systems in various zoning districts in Kent County, Maryland.
Wind Engineering Information at NIST
NIST Home > Wind Engineering Information at NIST. Wind Engineering Information at NIST. (the links below are a compilation ...
Acquisition CPV Wind Duke Energy Acquisition Tierra Energy,Allco Wind Energy Duke Energy Acquisition Catamount Veolia
Stations in Special Wind Regions
Stations in Special Wind Regions. ... station_matrix_912850.xlsx (Excel file). [ SED Home | Extreme Winds Home | Previous | Next ] ...
New England Wind Forum: New England Wind Projects
Projects in New England Building Wind Energy in New England Wind Resource Wind Power Technology Economics Markets Siting Policy Technical Challenges Issues Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share New England Wind Projects This page shows the location of installed and planned New England wind projects. Find windfarms, community-scale wind projects, customer-sited wind projects, small wind projects, and offshore wind projects. Read more information about how to use the Google Map and how to add your wind project to the map. Text version New England Wind Energy Projects Connecticut, East Canaan Wind Connecticut, Klug Farm Connecticut, Phoenix Press Connecticut, Wind Colebrook (South and North)
Wind Power in Paradise
The paper discusses how an international team of engineers brought wind power to the Galapagos Islands. The san cristobal system is a wind-diesel hybrid. The electricity generated by the wind turbines and by three diesel generators converges at the substation ...
E. Guizzo
Wind power outlook 2006
This annual brochure provides the American Wind Energy Association's up-to-date assessment of the wind industry in the United States. This 2006 general assessment shows positive signs of growth, use and acceptance of wind energy as a vital component of the U.S. energy mix.
Wind Economic Development (Postcard)
The U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America initiative provides information on the economic development benefits of wind energy. This postcard is a marketing piece that stakeholders can provide to interested parties; it will guide them to the economic development benefits section on the Wind Powering America website.
Fault Current Contribution from Single-Phase PV Inverters
A significant increase in photovoltaic (PV) system installations is expected to come on line in the near future and as the penetration level of PV increases, the effect of PV may no longer be considered minimal. One of the most important attributions of additional PV is what effect this may have on protection systems. Protection engineers design protection systems to safely eliminate faults from the electric power system. One of the new technologies recently introduced into the electric power system are distributed energy resources (DER). Currently, inverter-based DER contributes very little to the power balance on all but a few utility distribution systems. As DER become prevalent in the distribution system, equipment rating capability and coordination of protection systems merit a closer investigation. A collaborative research effort between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and Southern California Edison (SCE) involved laboratory short-circuit testing single-phase (240 VAC) residential type (between 1.5 and 7kW) inverters. This paper will reveal test results obtained from these short-circuit tests.
Keller, J.; Kroposki, B.; Bravo, R.; Robles, S.
2008 Wind Technologies Market Report
1 2008 Wind Technologies Market Report Ryan Wiser and Mark Bolinger Lawrence Berkeley National.S. wind energy market report · Wind installation trends · Wind industry trends · Price, cost, and performance trends Power sales prices Installed wind project costs Wind turbine transaction prices
Why do meteorologists use wind vanes? Wind vanes are used to determine the direction of the wind. Wind
Fun Facts Why do meteorologists use wind vanes? Wind vanes are used to determine the direction of the wind. Wind· vanes are also called weather vanes. What do wind vanes look like on a weather station? Wind vanes that are on weather stations look a lot like the one you· made! The biggest differences
Nebraska-Lincoln, University of
Wind Derivatives: Modeling and Pricing
Wind is considered to be a free, renewable and environmentally friendly source of energy. However, wind farms are exposed to excessive weather risk since the power production depends on the wind speed, the wind direction and the wind duration. This risk ... Keywords: Forecasting, Pricing, Wavelet networks, Weather derivatives, Wind derivatives
A. Alexandridis; A. Zapranis
Wind: wind speed and wind power density GIS data at 10m and 50m...
data files of wind speed and wind power density at 10 and 50 m heights. Global data of offshore wind resource as generated by NASA's QuikScat SeaWinds scatterometer....
Wind: wind speed and wind power density maps at 10m and 50m above...
data files of wind speed and wind power density at 10 and 50 m heights. Global data of offshore wind resource as generated by NASA's QuikSCAT SeaWinds scatterometer.
A Horizontal Wind and Wind Confidence Algorithm for Doppler Wind Profilers
Boundary layer wind profilers are increasingly being used in applications that require high-quality, rapidly updated winds. An example of this type of application is an airport wind hazard warning system. Wind shear can be a hazard to flight ...
Robert K. Goodrich; Corrinne S. Morse; Larry B. Cornman; Stephen A. Cohn
NREL: Wind Research - KidWind Project and Wind Education in the...
Community Wind: Once Again Pushing the Envelope of Project Finance
In the United States, the 'community wind' sector - loosely defined here as consisting of relatively small utility-scale wind power projects that sell power on the wholesale market and that are developed and owned primarily by local investors - has historically served as a 'test bed' or 'proving grounds' for up-and-coming wind turbine manufacturers that are trying to break into the U.S. wind power market. For example, community wind projects - and primarily those located in the state of Minnesota - have deployed the first U.S. installations of wind turbines from Suzlon (in 2003), DeWind (2008), Americas Wind Energy (2008) and later Emergya Wind Technologies (2010), Goldwind (2009), AAER/Pioneer (2009), Nordic Windpower (2010), Unison (2010), and Alstom (2011). Thus far, one of these turbine manufacturers - Suzlon - has subsequently achieved some success in the broader U.S. wind market as well. Just as it has provided a proving grounds for new turbines, so too has the community wind sector served as a laboratory for experimentation with innovative new financing structures. For example, a variation of one of the most common financing arrangements in the U.S. wind market today - the special allocation partnership flip structure (see Figure 1 in Section 2.1) - was first developed by community wind projects in Minnesota more than a decade ago (and is therefore sometimes referred to as the 'Minnesota flip' model) before being adopted by the broader wind market. More recently, a handful of community wind projects built over the past year have been financed via new and creative structures that push the envelope of wind project finance in the U.S. - in many cases, moving beyond the now-standard partnership flip structures involving strategic tax equity investors. These include: (1) a 4.5 MW project in Maine that combines low-cost government debt with local tax equity, (2) a 25.3 MW project in Minnesota using a sale/leaseback structure, (3) a 10.5 MW project in South Dakota financed by an intrastate offering of both debt and equity, (4) a 6 MW project in Washington state that taps into New Markets Tax Credits using an 'inverted' or 'pass-through' lease structure, and (5) a 9 MW project in Oregon that combines a variety of state and federal incentives and loans with unconventional equity from high-net-worth individuals. In most cases, these are first-of-their-kind structures that could serve as useful examples for other projects - both community and commercial wind alike. This report describes each of these innovative new financing structures in some detail, using a case-study approach. The purpose is twofold: (1) to disseminate useful information on these new financial structures, most of which are widely replicable; and (2) to highlight the recent policy changes - many of them temporary unless extended - that have facilitated this innovation. Although the community wind market is currently only a small sub-sector of the U.S. wind market - as defined here, less than 2% of the overall market at the end of 2009 (Wiser and Bolinger 2010) - its small size belies its relevance to the broader market. As such, the information provided in this report has relevance beyond its direct application to the community wind sector. The next two sections of this report briefly summarize how most community wind projects in the U.S. have been financed historically (i.e., prior to this latest wave of innovation) and describe the recent federal policy changes that have enabled a new wave of financial innovation to occur, respectively. Section 4 contains brief case studies of how each of the five projects mentioned above were financed, noting the financial significance of each. Finally, Section 5 concludes by distilling a number of general observations or pertinent lessons learned from the experiences of these five projects.
bolinger, Mark A.
Prairie Winds Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Prairie Winds Wind Farm Prairie Winds Wind Farm Facility Prairie Winds Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Basin Electric Power Coop/Central Power Electric Coop Developer Basin Electric Power Coop/Central Power Electric Coop Energy Purchaser Basin Electric Power Coop/Central Power Electric Coop Location Near Minot ND Coordinates 48.022927°, -101.291435° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":48.022927,"lon":-101.291435,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Wind energy | Open Energy Information
(Redirected from Wind) (Redirected from Wind) Jump to: navigation, search Wind energy is a form of solar energy.[1] Wind energy (or wind power) describes the process by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into mechanical power. A generator can convert mechanical power into electricity[2]. Mechanical power can also be utilized directly for specific tasks such as pumping water. The US DOE developed a short wind power animation that provides an overview of how a wind turbine works and describes the wind resources in the United States. Contents 1 Wind Energy Basics 1.1 Equation for Wind Power 2 DOE Wind Programs and Information 3 Worldwide Installed Capacity 3.1 United States Installed Capacity 4 Wind Farm Development 4.1 Land Requirements
Wind energy applications guide
The brochure is an introduction to various wind power applications for locations with underdeveloped transmission systems, from remote water pumping to village electrification. It includes an introductory section on wind energy, including wind power basics and system components and then provides examples of applications, including water pumping, stand-alone systems for home and business, systems for community centers, schools, and health clinics, and examples in the industrial area. There is also a page of contacts, plus two specific example applications for a wind-diesel system for a remote station in Antarctica and one on wind-diesel village electrification in Russia.
Wind energy information directory
Wind Energy Information has been prepared to provide researchers, designers, manufacturers, distributors, dealers, and users of wind energy conversion systems with easy access to technical information. This directory lists organizations and publications which have the main objective of promoting the use of wind energy conversion systems, some organizations that can respond to requests for information on wind energy or make referrals to other sources of information, and some publications that occasionally include information on wind energy. The bibliography contains references to information for both the neophyte and the expert.
Energy in the Wind
Provi and BP Energy in the Wind - Exploring Basic Electrical Concepts by Modeling Wind Turbines Curriculum: Wind Power (simple machines, aerodynamics, weather/climatology, leverage, mechanics, atmospheric pressure, and energy resources/transformations) Grade Level: High School Small groups: 2 students Time: Introductory packet will take 2-3 periods. Scientific investigation will take 2-3 periods. (45-50 minute periods) Summary: Students explore basic electrical concepts. Students are introduced to electrical concepts by using a hand held generator utilizing a multimeter, modeling, and designing a wind turbine in a wind tunnel (modifications are given if a wind tunnel is not available). Students investigate how wind nergy is used as a renewable energy resource. e
Wind energy conversion system
The wind energy conversion system includes a wind machine having a propeller connected to a generator of electric power, the propeller rotating the generator in response to force of an incident wind. The generator converts the power of the wind to electric power for use by an electric load. Circuitry for varying the duty factor of the generator output power is connected between the generator and the load to thereby alter a loading of the generator and the propeller by the electric load. Wind speed is sensed electro-optically to provide data of wind speed upwind of the propeller, to thereby permit tip speed ratio circuitry to operate the power control circuitry and thereby optimize the tip speed ratio by varying the loading of the propeller. Accordingly, the efficiency of the wind energy conversion system is maximized.
Longrigg, Paul (Golden, CO)
NREL: Wind Research - Publications
Publications Publications The NREL wind research program develops publications about its R&D activities in wind energy technologies. Below you'll find links to recently published publications, links to the NREL Avian Literature and Publications Databases, and information about the Technical Library at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). The NWTC's quarterly newsletter, @NWTC, contains articles on current wind energy research projects and highlights the latest reports, papers, articles, and events published or sponsored by NREL. Subscribe to @NWTC. Selected Publications Featured Publication Large-scale Offshore Wind Power in the United States: Assessment of Opportunities and Barriers Here are some selected NWTC publications: 2011 Cost of Wind Energy Review Built-Environment Wind Turbine Roadmap
Different methods for direct torque control of induction motor fed from current source inverter
Two different methods for direct torque control (DTC) of induction motor fed from current source inverter (CSI) is analyzed in the paper. The first one is derived from well-known DTC strategy developed for voltage inverter drives. This type of control ... Keywords: CSI, DTC, constant switching, hysteresis comparator, induction motor
Aleksandar Nikolic; Borislav Jeftenic
Influence of voltage drop to electric drive with induction motor and voltage sourced inverter
This paper solves problematic of immunity from the voltage drop of the power supply of the electric drive with induction motor with Voltage-Fed inverter. There are reflected opportune control algorithms for the quickly to change of working regime from ... Keywords: electric drive with induction motor, electric drive with voltage sourced inverter, voltage drop
P. Bene�; J. Fo?t; M. Pittermann
Ligand chemistry of titania precursor affects transient photovoltaic behavior in inverted organic solar cells
transient photovoltaic behavior in inverted organic solar cells Jong Bok Kim,1,a) Seokhoon Ahn,2,b) Seok JuLigand chemistry of titania precursor affects transient photovoltaic behavior in inverted organic solar cells Jong Bok Kim, Seokhoon Ahn, Seok Ju Kang, Colin Nuckolls, and Yueh-Lin Loo Citation: Appl
Study on the Harmonics of Photovoltaic Generation SPWM Inverting Power Supplies
Harmonics are the main polluting source of affecting the power energy quality. In this paper, the causes that SPWM inverter power supply produces the harmonics are analyzed firstly and then a new three-phase ?-band-pass filter is designed to improve ... Keywords: harmonious, solar energy photovoltaic power, inverter, current ripples component
Jianqu Zhu; Feng Wang; Taiqiang Cao
Performance Test Protocol for Evaluating Inverters Used in Grid-Connected
Performance Test Protocol for Evaluating Inverters Used in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems....................................................................................................................................... 36 A1 Simplified Photovoltaic I-V Curve Model Inverters Used in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems 1 Overview One measure of the maturity of an industry
Synchronization and Power Sharing for Droop-Controlled Inverters in Islanded Microgrids
Synchronization and Power Sharing for Droop-Controlled Inverters in Islanded Microgrids John W in an inductive microgrid. We show that a network of loads and DC/AC inverters equipped with power-frequency droop model, distributed control. 1 Introduction A microgrid is a low-voltage electrical network, hetero
A model reduction approach for constructing compact dynamic thermal models of IGBT-modules of inverters
This paper presents a model reduction approach for constructing lumped RC thermal networks of IGBT-modules of inverters for which heat and subsequent temperature increases vary with time on different scales ranging from nanosecond to second. It was observed ... Keywords: Compact thermal modelling, Electro-thermal simulation, IGBT-modules, Inverters, Thermal analysis
J. Antonios; N. Ginot; C. Batard; Y. Scudeller; M. Machmoum
Switching response modeling of the CMOS inverter for sub-micron devices
In this paper an accurate, analytical model for the evaluation of the CMOS inverter delay in the sub- micron regime, is presented. A detailed analysis of the inverter operation is provided which results to accurate expressions describing the output waveform. ... Keywords: CMOS circuits timing analysis, Propagation delay modeling, Sub-micron devices.
L. Bisdounis; S. Nikolaidis; O. Koufopavlou; C. E. Goutis
Towards an understanding of light activation processes in titanium oxide based inverted organic solar cells
, 233903 (2012) Thin-film encapsulation of inverted indium-tin-oxide-free polymer solar cells by atomic structures.25 In an inverted PSC, electrons are collected by the indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom electrode of increasing attention around the world for the last 20 years as a potential source of renewable energy. PSC
Inverted Troughs and Cyclogenesis over Interior North America: A Limited Regional Climatology and Case Studies
A limited regional climatology of cyclones with and without inverted troughs that form in the Colorado region is presented along with case study results from two major cyclone events in which an inverted trough plays a prominent role in the life ...
Len G. Keshishian; Lance F. Bosart; W. Edward Bracken
Noise-Tolerant Model of a Ternary Inverter Based on Markov Random Field
A noise-tolerant model of a ternary inverter is proposed based on extension of Markov Random Field (MRF). Simulation results are reported to justify the noise immunity of this model using PSPICE and 16-nm Berkeley CMOS technology. Keywords: ternary inverter, noise-tolerance, Markov random field model
Golam Tangim, Svetlana N. Yanushkevich, Seiya Kasai, Vlad P. Shmerko
Evaluation tests of Abacus 6 kVA utility-interactive inverter
The voltage pattern spectra were analyzed for 100% and 50% pattern ratios and harmonics analyses are provided for the Abacus inverter. The harmonics are compared with those calculated for a simple model with no agreement. AC waveforms and inverter current spectra are given as well as basic electrical data. (LEW)
An SCR inverter with an integral battery charger for electric vehicles
A thyristor-based inverter/charger for use in electric passenger vehicles is described, and prototype charger test results are presented. A battery charger is included integral to the inverter by using a subset of the inverter power circuit components. The integral charger employs the inverter commutation components as a resonant ac/dc converter rated at 3.6 kW. The resulting charger provides electrical isolation between the vehicle propulsion battery and ac line and is capable of charging a 25kWh propulsion battery in 8 h from a 220-V ac line. Charger efficiency and power factor at an output power of 3.6 kW are 86 and 95 percent, respectively. The inverter, when operated with a matching polyphase ac induction motor and nominal 132-V propulsion battery, can provide a peak shaft power of 34 kW (45 hp) during motoring operation and 45 kW (60 hp) during regeneration. Thyristors are employed for the inverter power switching devices and are arranged in an input-commutated topology. This configuration requires only two thyristors to commutate the six main inverter thyristors. The combined ac inverter/charger package weighs 47 kg (103 lb).
Control algorithms for effective operation of variable-speed wind turbines
This report describes a computer code, called ASYM and provides results from its application in simulating the control of the 34-m Test Bed vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) in Bushland, Texas. The code synthesizes dynamic wind speeds on a second-by-second basis in the time domain. The wind speeds conform to a predetermined spectral content governed by the hourly average wind speed that prevails at each hour of the simulation. The hourly average values are selected in a probabilistic sense through the application of Markov chains, but their cumulative frequency of occurrence conforms to a Rayleigh distribution that is governed by the mean annual wind speed of the site selected. The simulated wind speeds then drive a series of control algorithms that enable the code to predict key operational parameters such as number of annual starts and stops, annual energy production, and annual fatigue damage at a critically stressed joint on the wind turbine. This report also presents results from the application of ASYM that pertain to low wind speed cut-in and cut-out conditions and controlled operation near critical speed ranges that excite structural vibrations that can lead to accelerated fatigue damage.
New England Wind Forum: Buying Wind Power
Buying Wind Power Buying Wind Power On this page find information about: Green Marketing Renewable Energy Certificates Green Pricing Green Marketing Green power marketing refers to selling green power in the competitive marketplace, in which multiple suppliers and service offerings exist. In states that have established retail competition, customers may be able to purchase green power from a competitive supplier. Connecticut Connecticut Clean Energy Options Beginning in April 2005, Connecticut's two investor-owned utilities, Connecticut Light and Power and United Illuminating, began to offer a simple, affordable program to their customers for purchasing clean energy such as wind power. In late 2006, stakeholders started to explore a new offering that would convey the price stability of wind energy (and other renewable energy resources) to Connecticut consumers. This new offering is still under development.
Commonwealth Wind Incentive Program - Micro Wind Initiative...
Clean Energy Analysis Low Emission Development Strategies Oil & Gas Smart Grid Solar U.S. OpenLabs Utilities Water Wind Page Actions View form View source History View...
Commonwealth Wind Commercial Wind Program (Massachusetts) | Open...
Development Strategies Oil & Gas Smart Grid Solar U.S. OpenLabs Utilities Water Wind Page Actions View form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special...
DOE Science Showcase - Wind Power DOE Science Showcase - Wind Power Wind Powering America Wind Powering America is a nationwide initiative of the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Program designed to educate, engage, and enable critical stakeholders to make informed decisions about how wind energy contributes to the U.S. electricity supply. Wind Power Research Results in DOE Databases IEA Wind Task 26: The Past and Future Cost of Wind Energy, Work Package 2, Energy Citations Database NREL Triples Previous Estimates of U.S. Wind Power Potential, Energy Citations Database Dynamic Models for Wind Turbines and Wind Power Plants, DOE Information Bridge 2012 ARPA-E Energy Innovation Summit: Profiling General Compression: A River of Wind, ScienceCinema, multimedia Solar and Wind Energy Resource Assessment (SWERA) Data from the
CEBAF 200 kV Inverted Electron Gun
Two DC high voltage GaAs photoguns have been built at Jefferson Lab based on a compact inverted insulator design. One photogun provides the polarized electron beam at CEBAF and operates at 130 kV bias voltage. The other gun is used for high average current lifetime studies at a dedicated test facility and has been operated at bias voltage up to 225 kV. The advantages of higher DC voltage for CEBAF include reduced space-charge emittance growth and the potential for prolonged photocathode lifetime. However, a consequence of operating at higher voltages is the increased likelihood of field emission or breakdown, both of which are unacceptable. Highlights of the R&D studies leading toward a production 200keV GaAs photogun for CEBAF will be presented.
J.M. Grames, P.A. Adderley, J. Clark, J. Hansknecht, M. Poelker, M.L. Stutzman, R. Suleiman, K.E.L. Surles-Law
Thin films flowing down inverted substrates: two dimensional flow
We consider free surface instabilities of films flowing on inverted substrates within the framework of lubrication approximation. We allow for the presence of fronts and related contact lines, and explore the role which they play in instability development. It is found that a contact line, modeled by a commonly used precursor film model, leads to free surface instabilities of convective type without any additional natural or excited perturbations. A single parameter D=(3Ca)^{1/3}cot\\alpha, where Ca is the capillary number and \\alpha is the inclination angle, is identified as a governing parameter in the problem. This parameter may be interpreted to reflect the combined effect of inclination angle, film thickness, Reynolds number and the fluid flux. Variation of D leads to change of the wave-like properties of the instabilities, allowing to observe traveling wave behavior, mixed waves, and the waves resembling solitary ones.
Lin, Te-sheng
EV drivetrain inverter with V/HZ optimization
An inverter (34) which provides power to an A.C. machine (28) is controlled by a circuit (36) employing PWM control strategy whereby A.C. power is supplied to the machine at a preselectable frequency and preselectable voltage. This is accomplished by the technique of waveform notching in which the shapes of the notches are varied to determine the average energy content of the overall waveform. Through this arrangement, the operational efficiency of the A.C. machine is optimized. The control circuit includes a micro-computer which calculates optimized machine control data signals from various parametric inputs and during steady state load conditions, seeks a best V/HZ ratio to minimize battery current drawn (system losses) from a D.C. power source (32). In the preferred embodiment, the present invention is incorporated within an electric vehicle (10) employing a 144 VDC battery pack and a three-phase induction motor (18).
Gritter, David J. (Southfield, MI); O' Neil, Walter K. (Birmingham, MI)
Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) is currently developing a new 500kV DC electron gun for future use with the FEL. The design consists of two inverted ceramics which support a central cathode electrode. This layout allows for a load-lock system to be located behind the gun chamber. The electrostatic geometry of the gun has been designed to minimize surface electric field gradients and also to provide some transverse focusing to the electron beam during transit between the cathode and anode. This paper discusses the electrode design philosophy and presents the results of electrostatic simulations. The electric field information obtained through modeling was used with particle tracking codes to predict the effects on the electron beam.
P. Evtushenko ,F.E. Hannon, C. Hernandez-Garcia
New England Wind Forum: Selling Wind Power
Selling Wind Power Selling Wind Power Markets are either well-developed or developing for each of the 'products' produced by wind generators. These include electricity products and generation attributes. Electricity Electricity can be used in two ways: on-site (interconnected behind a retail customer's meter) of for sales of electricity over the electric grid. On-site generation can displace a portion of a customer's purchases of electricity from the grid. In addition, net metering rules are in place at the state level that in some cases allow generation in excess of on-site load to be sold back to the local utility (see state pages for net metering specifics). For sales over the electricity grid, the Independent System Operator of New England (ISO New England) creates and manages a wholesale market for electric energy, capacity, and ancillary services within the New England Power Pool (NEPOOL). Wind generators may sell their electric energy and capacity in spot markets organized by the ISO, or they may contract with wholesale buyers to sell these products for any term to buyers operating in the ISO New England marketplace. Wind generators do not generally produce other marketable ancillary services. The ISO has rules specific to the operation of wind generators reflecting operations, scheduling, calculation of installed capacity credit, and so forth.
San Diego County - Wind Regulations (California) | Department...
Wind Regulations (California) San Diego County - Wind Regulations (California) < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Residential Savings Category Wind Buying & Making...
WPET '98, Dearborn, Michigan, October 22-23, 1998, pp. 79-84. Multilevel Inverters for Electric Vehicle Applications
) and hybrid-electric vehicle (HEV) motor drives. Diode-clamped inverters and cascaded H-bridge inverters, (1 and many military combat vehicles that have large electric drives will require advanced power email@example.com Abstract This paper presents multilevel inverters as an application for all-electric vehicle (EV
Tolbert, Leon M.
TMS320F2812 DSP controller for dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) application for improving of a three phase inverter
This paper discusses a control technique improvement of a three-phase inverter using TMS320F2812 DSP controller for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) applications. The output of the inverter is then connected to a voltage grid via a second order filter ... Keywords: TMS320F2812 DSP, dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), filter, inverters, total harmonic distortion (THD)
R. Omar; N. A. Rahim
NREL: Wind Research - News
Below are some select news stories from the National Wind Technology Below are some select news stories from the National Wind Technology Center. Subscribe to the RSS feed RSS . Learn about RSS. January 3, 2014 New Modularization Framework Transforms FAST Wind Turbine Modeling Tool The U.S. Department of Energy's National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) recently released an expanded version of its FAST wind turbine computer-aided engineering tool under a new modularization framework. January 2, 2014 The Denver Post Highlights the NWTC's New 5-MW Dynamometer On January 2, a reporter from The Denver Post toured the new 5-megawatt dynamometer test facility at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). Archives 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 Printable Version Wind Research Home Capabilities Projects Facilities
Session: Offshore wind
This session at the Wind Energy and Birds/Bats workshop consisted of two presentations. Due to time constraints, a discussion period was not possible. The session addressed the current state of offshore wind energy development. The first presentation ''Monitoring Program and Results: Horns Rev and Nysted'' by Jette Gaarde summarized selected environmental studies conducted to date at operating offshore wind turbine projects in Denmark and lessons from other offshore wind developments in Europe. Wildlife impacts studies from the Danish sites focused on birds, fish, and mammals. The second presentation ''What has the U.S. Wind Industry Learned from the European Example'' by Bonnie Ram provided an update on current permit applications for offshore wind developments in the U.S. as well as lessons that may be drawn from the European experience.
Gaarde, Jette; Ram, Bonnie
Wind Turbines and Health
Wind power has been gaining prominence as a viable sustainable alternative to other forms of energy production. Studies have found that there is increasing population demand for �green� energy 1,2. In Australia, this has been encouraged by the introduction of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act in 2000 and the Renewable Energy Target Scheme in 2009. As with any new technology, wind turbines are not without controversy. Those who oppose the development of wind farms contend that wind turbines can adversely impact the health of individuals living in close proximity. Do wind turbines impact on health? Concerns regarding the adverse health impacts of wind turbines focus on infrasound noise, electromagnetic interference, shadow flicker and blade glint produced
Wind power has been gaining prominence as a viable sustainable alternative to other forms of energy production. Studies have found that there is increasing population demand for �green� energy1,2. In Australia, this has been encouraged by the introduction of the Renewable Energy (Electricity) Act in 2000 and the Renewable Energy Target Scheme in 2009. As with any new technology, wind turbines are not without controversy. Those who oppose the development of wind farms contend that wind turbines can adversely impact the health of individuals living in close proximity. Do wind turbines impact on health? Concerns regarding the adverse health impacts of wind turbines focus on infrasound noise, electromagnetic interference, shadow flicker and blade glint produced
Wave Wind LLC | Open Energy Information
Wave Wind LLC Place Sun Prairie, Wisconsin Zip 53590 Sector Services, Wind energy Product Wisconsin-based wind developer and construction services provider. References Wave Wind...
Han Wind Energy Corporation | Open Energy Information
Han Wind Energy Corporation Jump to: navigation, search Name Han Wind Energy Corporation Place Beijing, Beijing Municipality, China Zip 100027 Sector Wind energy Product Han Wind...
Heilongjiang Lishu Wind Power | Open Energy Information
Lishu Wind Power Jump to: navigation, search Name Heilongjiang Lishu Wind Power Place Heilongjiang Province, China Sector Wind energy Product China-based wind project developer...
Crownbutte Wind Power LLC | Open Energy Information
Crownbutte Wind Power LLC Jump to: navigation, search Name Crownbutte Wind Power LLC Place Mandan, North Dakota Zip 58554 Sector Wind energy Product North Dakota wind power company...
Daqing Longjiang Wind Power | Open Energy Information
Longjiang Wind Power Jump to: navigation, search Name Daqing Longjiang Wind Power Place Daqing, Heilongjiang Province, China Zip 163316 Sector Wind energy Product Local wind...
Gansu Xinhui Wind Power | Open Energy Information
Xinhui Wind Power Jump to: navigation, search Name Gansu Xinhui Wind Power Place China Sector Wind energy Product China-based joint venture engaged in developing wind projects....
Blyth Offshore Wind Ltd | Open Energy Information
Blyth Offshore Wind Ltd Jump to: navigation, search Name Blyth Offshore Wind Ltd Place United Kingdom Sector Renewable Energy, Wind energy Product Blyth Offshore Wind Limited,...
Energy Basics: Wind Power Animation (Text Version)
German Wind Energy Association | Open Energy Information
Wind Energy Association Place Osnabrck, Germany Zip 49074 Sector Wind energy Product Assocation for the promotion of wind energy in Germany. References German Wind Energy...
Availability of wind power
Meteorological studies of available wind power were begun at Sandia in 1973 to support the development of a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT, ''egg-beater''). This presentation reviews work to date. Copies of seven source reports were provided to ELETROBRAS; Scientia, Ltda., has included them in an extensive bibliography that was distributed at the seminar. This report summarizes those climatological studies that are needed to assist and promote wind energy exploitation in Brazil.
Reed, J.W.
Wind Power | Open Energy Information
Wind Power Wind Power Jump to: navigation, search Wind Power WIndfarm.Sunset.jpg Wind power is a form of solar energy.[1] Wind is caused by the uneven heating of the atmosphere by the sun, variations in the earth's surface, and rotation of the earth. Mountains, bodies of water, and vegetation all influence wind flow patterns[2], [3]. Wind energy (or wind power) describes the process by which wind is used to generate electricity. Wind turbines convert the energy in wind to electricity by rotating propeller-like blades around a rotor. The rotor turns the drive shaft, which turns an electric generator.[2] Three key factors affect the amount of energy a turbine can harness from the wind: wind speed, air density, and swept area.[4] Mechanical power can also be utilized directly for specific tasks such as
Wind Energy Myths
This two-sided fact sheet succinctly outlines and counters the top misconceptions about wind energy. It is well suited for general audiences.
US Wind Farmers Network
Through this program Windustry representatives have produced, widely used, and distributed new materials and have participated in a wide variety of wind energy events, meetings, and conferences. In this work Windustry representatives have sought to reach a broad audience and grow interest and enthusiasm for wind energy. At the same time, Windustry representatives have sought to provide tools, detailed case studies, and other technical resources that deepen Windustry constituency's knowledge of wind energy options. All of this has served to facilitate development of many actual wind energy projects, particularly projects that emphasize local and community benefits.
Lisa Daniels; DOE Project Officer - Keith Bennett
Wind Powering the Government
There are more than half a million Federal buildings with electric bills totaling about $3.5 billion per year. The Wind Powering America Initiative challenges the Federal government to reduce its use of energy produced by fossil fuels by obtaining at least 5% of its electricity from wind by 2010. As part of the current efforts to achieve the initiative's goal, NREL's Technical Information Services published Wind Powering the Government, a brochure that encourages the use of wind energy on Federal properties and the purchase of green power or green tags by Federal property managers.
Pitchford, P.
@NWTC Newsletter @NWTC is a quarterly newsletter that contains articles on current wind energy research projects and highlights the latest reports, papers, articles, and events...
Allegany County Wind Ordinance
This ordinance sets requirements for industrial wind energy conversion systems. These requirements include minimum separation distances, setback requirements, electromagnetic interference analysis ...
Wicomico County- Wind Ordinance
Establishes zoning regulations for the installation and construction of small wind energy systems in Wicomico County for private landowners, subject to reasonable restrictions.
Washington County- Wind Ordinance
This ordinance establishes regulations to facilitate the installation and construction of Small Wind Energy Systems in Washington County for private landowners, subject to reasonable restrictions...
NREL: Wind Research - Capabilities
spectrum of engineering disciplines that are applicable to both land-based and offshore wind energy, including: atmospheric fluid mechanics and aerodynamics; dynamics, structures,...
Wind/Water Nexus
Nobel laureate Richard Smalley cited energy and water as among humanity's top problems for the next 50 years as the world's population increases from 6.3 billion to 9 billion. The U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Program has initiated an effort to explore wind energy's role as a technical solution to this critically important issue in the United States and the world. This four-page fact sheet outlines five areas in which wind energy can contribute: thermoelectric power plant/water processes, irrigation, municipal water supply, desalination, and wind/hydropower integration.
Forecasting Wind Markets
Emerging Technologies, Data, and NEM Modeling Issues in Wind Resource Supply Data and Modeling Chris Namovicz ASA Committee on Energy Statistics
Offshore Wind 101
visual impact and potential user conflict. Sorry. According to the Department of Energy's national renewable energy lab, the nation's potential offshore wind energy resource is...
Wind Manufacturing Facilities
America's wind energy industry supports a growing domestic industrial base. Check out this map to find manufacturing facilities in your state.
Vertical axis wind turbines
A vertical axis wind turbine is described. The wind turbine can include a top ring, a middle ring and a lower ring, wherein a plurality of vertical airfoils are disposed between the rings. For example, three vertical airfoils can be attached between the upper ring and the middle ring. In addition, three more vertical airfoils can be attached between the lower ring and the middle ring. When wind contacts the vertically arranged airfoils the rings begin to spin. By connecting the rings to a center pole which spins an alternator, electricity can be generated from wind.
Krivcov, Vladimir (Miass, RU); Krivospitski, Vladimir (Miass, RU); Maksimov, Vasili (Miass, RU); Halstead, Richard (Rohnert Park, CA); Grahov, Jurij (Miass, RU)
all or parts of the States of Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota. The draft PEIS assesses environmental impacts associated with wind energy...
Wind Engineering & Natural Disaster Mitigation
Wind Engineering & Natural Disaster Mitigation For more than 45 years, Western University has been internationally recognized as the leading university for wind engineering and wind- related research. Its of environmental disaster mitigation, with specific strengths in wind and earthquake research. Boundary Layer Wind
Sinnamon, Gordon J.
Understanding and managing the effects of battery charger and inverter aging
An aging assessment of battery chargers and inverters was conducted under the auspices of the NRC's Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) Program. The intentions of this program are to resolve issues related to the aging and service wear of equipment and systems at operating reactor facilities and to assess their impact on safety. Inverters and battery chargers are used in nuclear power plants to perform significant functions related to plant safety and availability. The specific impact of a battery charger or inverter failure varies with plant configuration. Operating experience data have demonstrated that reactor trips, safety injection system actuations, and inoperable emergency core cooling systems have resulted from inverter failures; and dc bus degradation leading to diesel generator inoperability or loss of control room annunication and indication have resulted from battery and battery charger failures. For the battery charger and inverter, the aging and service wear of subcomponents have contributed significantly to equipment failures. This paper summarizes the data and then describes methods that can be used to detect battery charger and inverter degradation prior to failure, as well as methods to minimize the failure effects. In both cases, the managing of battery charger and inverter aging is emphasized. 5 refs.
Gunther, W. (Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States)); Aggarwal, S. (Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States))
An aging assessment of battery chargers and inverters was conducted under the auspices of the NRC`s Nuclear Plant Aging Research (NPAR) Program. The intentions of this program are to resolve issues related to the aging and service wear of equipment and systems at operating reactor facilities and to assess their impact on safety. Inverters and battery chargers are used in nuclear power plants to perform significant functions related to plant safety and availability. The specific impact of a battery charger or inverter failure varies with plant configuration. Operating experience data have demonstrated that reactor trips, safety injection system actuations, and inoperable emergency core cooling systems have resulted from inverter failures; and dc bus degradation leading to diesel generator inoperability or loss of control room annunication and indication have resulted from battery and battery charger failures. For the battery charger and inverter, the aging and service wear of subcomponents have contributed significantly to equipment failures. This paper summarizes the data and then describes methods that can be used to detect battery charger and inverter degradation prior to failure, as well as methods to minimize the failure effects. In both cases, the managing of battery charger and inverter aging is emphasized. 5 refs.
Gunther, W. [Brookhaven National Lab., Upton, NY (United States); Aggarwal, S. [Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Washington, DC (United States)
Wind Power Today, 2010, Wind and Water Power Program (WWPP)
Wind Power Today is an annual publication that provides an overview of the wind energy research conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy Wind and Water Power Program.
Wind Power Development in the United States: The Perfect (Wind...
Wind Power Development in the United States: The Perfect (Wind) Storm? Speaker(s): Mark Bolinger Date: February 25, 2008 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Wind power development is...
NREL: Wind Research - Wind Powering America Hosts 12th Annual...
Wind Powering America Hosts 12th Annual All-States Summit: A Wind Powering America Success Story May 21, 2013 In 2012, the wind energy industry saw great expansion in capacity as...
NREL: Wind Research - Wind for Schools Project Funding Case Studies
Wind for Schools Project Funding Case Studies August 26, 2013 The Wind for Schools project is part of the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Wind Powering America initiative....
Michigan Wind II Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Wind II Wind Farm Wind II Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Michigan Wind II Wind Farm Facility Michigan Wind II Wind Farm Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Exelon Wind Developer Exelon Wind Energy Purchaser Consumers Energy Location Minden City MI Coordinates 43.6572421°, -82.7681278° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.6572421,"lon":-82.7681278,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Wind turbulence characterization for wind energy development
As part of its support of the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Federal Wind Energy Program, the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) has initiated an effort to work jointly with the wind energy community to characterize wind turbulence in a variety of complex terrains at existing or potential sites of wind turbine installation. Five turbulence characterization systems were assembled and installed at four sites in the Tehachapi Pass in California, and one in the Green Mountains near Manchester, Vermont. Data processing and analyses techniques were developed to allow observational analyses of the turbulent structure; this analysis complements the more traditional statistical and spectral analyses. Preliminary results of the observational analyses, in the rotating framework or a wind turbine blade, show that the turbulence at a site can have two major components: (1) engulfing eddies larger than the rotor, and (2) fluctuating shear due to eddies smaller than the rotor disk. Comparison of the time series depicting these quantities at two sites showed that the turbulence intensity (the commonly used descriptor of turbulence) did not adequately characterize the turbulence at these sites. 9 refs., 10 figs.,
Wendell, L.L.; Gower, G.L.; Morris, V.R.; Tomich, S.D.
Offshore Wind Research (Fact Sheet), National Wind Technology Center (NWTC)
Offshore Offshore Wind Research The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is internationally recognized for offshore wind energy research and development (R&D). Its experience and capabilities cover a wide spectrum of wind energy disciplines. NREL's offshore wind R&D efforts focus on critical areas that address the long-term needs of the offshore wind energy industry and the Department of Energy (DOE). R&D efforts include: * Developing offshore design tools and methods * Collaborating with international partners * Testing offshore systems and developing standards * Conducting economic analyses * Characterizing offshore wind resources * Identifying and mitigating offshore wind grid integration challenges and barriers NREL documented the status of offshore wind energy in the United
NREL: Wind Research - Last Call: Illinois Wind for Schools Program...
Last Call: Illinois Wind for Schools Program Accepting Applications February 25, 2013 Now in its second year, the Illinois Wind for Schools (ILWFS) program is accepting...
United States Wind Resource Map: Annual Average Wind Speed at...
and atmospheric effects may cause the wind speed to depart from the map estimates. Expert advice should be sought in placing wind turbines and estimating their energy production....
NREL: Wind Research - Xcel Energy Small Wind Funding Available...
Xcel Energy Small Wind Funding Available in Minnesota, Wisconsin February 25, 2013 Xcel Energy is releasing a new round of funding through a request for proposals. Small wind...
NREL: Wind Research - Case Study: Burke Mountain Wind Turbine...
composting program, and encouraging visitors to recycle whenever possible. Wind Powering America verified the following wind turbine project facts with Hannah Collins from...
Commonwealth Wind Commercial Wind Program | Department of Energy
and business planning) Through the Commonwealth Wind Incentive Program - Commercial Wind Initiative the Massachusetts Clean Energy Center (MassCEC) offers site assessment...
Wind Powering America Webinar Series (Postcard), Wind Powering...
Wind Powering America webinar series provides expert information on today's key wind energy topics. * Webinars are presented on the third Wednesday of every month. * Recordings...
National Wind Technology Center (Fact Sheet), National Wind Technology...
facility, fosters innovative wind energy technologies in land-based and offshore wind through its research and testing facilities and extends these capabilities to marine...
NREL: Wind Research - New England Wind Forum Helps You Follow...
on wind turbine siting and acoustics, long-term contracts, the Massachusetts Wind Turbine Health Impact Study, and stakeholder engagement. Past presentations from meetings are...
NREL: Wind Research - New England Wind Forum Publishes Newsletter...
2013 The New England Wind Forum Newsletter informs stakeholders of New England Wind Energy Education Project (NEWEEP) announcements, plus events and project, siting, and policy...
ET2/TL-08-1474. May 19, 2010 Wind Technologies Market ReportAssociates. 2010. SPP WITF Wind Integration Study. Little10, 2010. David, A. 2009. Wind Turbines: Industry and Trade
Pool. David, A. 2011. U.S. Wind Turbine Trade in a Changing3-MW Alstom ECO 100 wind turbine installed at the National2011 U.S. Small Wind Turbine Market Report. Washington,
AWEA). 2010b. AWEA Small Wind Turbine Global Market Survey,html David, A. 2009. Wind Turbines: Industry and Tradewhich new large-scale wind turbines were installed in 2009 (
reduced near-term price expectations, wind energy?s primaryweighted-average price of wind energy in 1999 was roughly $electricity prices in 2009 pushed wind energy to the top of
natural gas prices, though the economic value of wind energyenergy and climate policy initiatives. With wind turbine pricesprices reported here would be at least $20/MWh higher without the PTC), they do not represent wind energy
over the cost and price of wind energy that it receives. Asweighted-average price of wind energy in 1999 was $65/MWh (natural gas prices), pushed wind energy from the bottom to
for the costs and benefits of wind energy relative to itsfor the costs and benefits of wind energy relative to itsother benefits, lowers the costs of integrating wind energy.
for the costs and benefits of wind energy relative to itsfor the costs and benefits of wind energy relative to itsEnergy � which has historically absorbed the tax benefits from its wind
Minster Wind | Open Energy Information
Minster Wind Jump to: navigation, search Name Minster Wind Address 240 W. Fifth St Place Minster, Ohio Zip 45865 Sector Services, Wind energy Website http:www.minster.comwindwi...
Wind Turbines | Department of Energy
Turbines Wind Turbines July 30, 2013 - 2:58pm Addthis Energy 101: Wind Turbines Basics This video explains the basics of how wind turbines operate to produce clean power from an...
Module Handbook Specialisation Wind Energy
of wind energy External costs Future price trends 3. Environmental Issues Environmental benefits of WT and Externalities Clculation methods Current plant costs Wind energy prices The value Module Handbook Specialisation Wind Energy 2nd Semester for the Master Programme
Habel, Annegret
with the section on offshore wind; Donna Heimiller and Billythe end of 2011, global offshore wind power capacity stoodEnergy's investments in offshore wind R&D. Interest exists
al. 2010. Large-scale Offshore Wind for the United States:assistance with the offshore wind energy discussion; DonnaTechnologies Market Report Offshore Wind Power Project and
EERE: Renewable Electricity Generation - Wind
traditional sources of energy. Photo of a line of offshore wind turbines in the ocean. Solar Geothermal Wind Water Photo of a wind turbine The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)...
Wind World | Open Energy Information
World Jump to: navigation, search Name Wind World Place Denmark Sector Wind energy Product WindWorld was a turbine manufacturer that was purchased by NEG Micon in 1998. NEG Micon...
Fort Carson Wind Resource Assessment
This report focuses on the wind resource assessment, the estimated energy production of wind turbines, and economic potential of a wind turbine project on a ridge in the southeastern portion of the Fort Carson Army base.
Robichaud, R.
market for new wind power additions in 2011. India, Germany,wind-powered generating sets were: Denmark (42%), Spain (16%), Japan (13%), India (Wind Power Capacity Annual Capacity (2011, MW) China U.S. India
in 2012, as the cost of wind energy continues to decline asin 2012, as the cost of wind energy continues to decline ascomponent of the overall cost of wind energy, but can vary
component of the overall cost of wind energy, but can varyaccount for the costs and benefits of wind energy relativeaccount for the costs and benefits of wind energy relative
component of the overall cost of wind energy, but can varyover the cost and price of wind energy that it receives. Asaccount for the costs and benefits of wind energy relative
do not represent wind energy generation costs. Based on thisproduction-cost reduction value of wind energy, without anintegration cost for up to a 20% wind on an energy basis (
Wind farms modeling files transformation
Wind farms modeling software are very important in the process of planning, dimensioning, and developing a wind farm. These applications offer valuable information about some key factors in the process of wind farm creation. The platforms do not offer ...
D. I. Gota; D. Petreus; L. Miclea
Associates. 2010. SPP WITF Wind Integration Study. LittlePool. David, A. 2011. U.S. Wind Turbine Trade in a Changing2011. David, A. 2010. Impact of Wind Energy Installations on
Other utility-scale (>100 kW) wind turbines installed in thesales of small wind turbines, 100 kW and less in size, intoSales of Small Wind Turbines (? 100 kW) into the United
a 30% ITC for wind turbines under 100 kW in size, but cappeddistributed wind segment, turbines under 100 kW in size aredistributed wind turbines from 300 W to 100 kW in size into
Wind powering America - Texas
This fact sheet contains a description of the wind energy resources in the state of Texas and the state's efforts to develop wind energy production, green power, and net metering programs. The fact sheet also includes a list of contacts for those interested in obtaining more information.
Wind powering America: Massachusetts
This fact sheet provides a brief description of the wind resources in Massachusetts, the state financial incentives to develop wind systems and its net metering and green power programs. The fact sheet also provides a list of contacts for more information.
Kivalina wind generator
The project reported was to construct a system to harness the winds of an Arctic site to generate electricity that would power a greenhouse where fruit and vegetables could be raised for local consumption. The installation of the tower and an Enertech 4K wind generator are described. (LEW)
Aldrich, D.
Wind Energy 101.
This presentation on wind energy discusses: (1) current industry status; (2) turbine technologies; (3) assessment and siting; and (4) grid integration. There are no fundamental technical barriers to the integration of 20% wind energy into the nation's electrical system, but there needs to be a continuing evolution of transmission planning and system operation policy and market development for this to be most economically achieved.
Karlson, Benjamin; Orwig, Kirsten (NREL)
Small Wind Information (Postcard)
The U.S. Department of Energy's Wind Powering America initiative maintains a website section devoted to information about small wind turbines for homeowners, ranchers, and small businesses. This postcard is a marketing piece that stakeholders can provide to interested parties; it will guide them to this online resource.
The wind turbine
In this paper we present the modeling of a wing turbine, using the Euler Lagrange method and circuits theory. We get the mathematical equation (modeling) that describes the wind turbine and we simulate it using the mathlab program. Keywords: modeling, simulation, wind turbine
Jos� De Jes�s Rubio Avila; Andr�s Ferreira Ram�rez; Genaro Deloera Flores; Mart�n Salazar Pereyra; Fernando Baruch Santillanes Posada
Wind Energy Update
by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Wind Energy Update Wind Powering America January 2012 NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Evolution of Commercial Wind Technology NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Small (≤100 kW) Homes Farms Remote Applications (e.g. water pumping, telecom sites, icemaking) Midscale (100-1000 kW) Village Power Hybrid Systems Distributed Power Large, Land-based (1-3 MW) Utility-scale wind farms Large Distributed Power Sizes and Applications Large, Offshore (3-7 MW) Utility-scale wind farms, shallow coastal waters No U.S. installations NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY Capacity & Cost Trends As of January 2012 (AWEA) 0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000 $- $200 $400 $600 $800 $1,000 $1,200
Wind Wind Wind EERE plays a key role in advancing America's "all of the above" energy strategy, leading a large network of researchers and other partners to deliver innovative technologies that will make renewable electricity generation cost-competitive with traditional sources of energy. EERE plays a key role in advancing America's "all of the above" energy strategy, leading a large network of researchers and other partners to deliver innovative technologies that will make renewable electricity generation cost-competitive with traditional sources of energy. Image of a wind turbine against a partly cloudy sky. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) leads national efforts to improve the performance, lower the costs, and accelerate the deployment of wind energy technologies-both on
Song of the Wind
Song of the Wind Song of the Wind Nature Bulletin No. 318-A October 26, 1968 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Richard B. Ogilvie, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation SONG OF THE WIND The wind is simply air in motion. Air has substance like wood or water, it has pressure, it can acquire heat and hold a temperature, and it can travel from place to place.... The air which affects our lives is a layer seven or eight miles thick, called the troposphere, which is next to the earth. This air has pressure (14.7 pounds per square inch at sea level) and when various factors, one of which is temperature, cause changes in this pressure, the air starts moving. We cannot see it. We can hear it. The song of the wind is the most wonderful music on earth, and at times the most terrifying in its angry moments.
Illinois Wind Workers Group
The Illinois Wind Working Group (IWWG) was founded in 2006 with about 15 members. It has grown to over 200 members today representing all aspects of the wind industry across the State of Illinois. In 2008, the IWWG developed a strategic plan to give direction to the group and its activities. The strategic plan identifies ways to address critical market barriers to the further penetration of wind. The key to addressing these market barriers is public education and outreach. Since Illinois has a restructured electricity market, utilities no longer have a strong control over the addition of new capacity within the state. Instead, market acceptance depends on willing landowners to lease land and willing county officials to site wind farms. Many times these groups are uninformed about the benefits of wind energy and unfamiliar with the process. Therefore, many of the project objectives focus on conferences, forum, databases and research that will allow these stakeholders to make well-educated decisions.
David G. Loomis
NREL: Wind Research - Facilities
Facilities Facilities Our facilities are designed to meet the wind industry's critical research needs with state-of-the-art design and testing facilities. NREL's unique and highly versatile facilities at the National Wind Technology Center offer research and analysis of wind turbine components and prototypes rated from 400 watts to 3 megawatts. Satellite facilities support the growth of wind energy development across the United States. National Wind Technology Center Facilities Our facilities are contained within a 305-acre area that comprises field test sites, test laboratories, industrial high-bay work areas, machine shops, electronics and instrumentation laboratories, and office areas. In addition, there are hundreds of test articles and supporting components such as turbines, meteorological towers, custom test apparatus, test sheds,
NREL: Learning - Wind Energy Basics: How Wind Turbines Work
Wind Energy Basics: How Wind Turbines Work Wind Energy Basics: How Wind Turbines Work We have been harnessing the wind's energy for hundreds of years. From old Holland to farms in the United States, windmills have been used for pumping water or grinding grain. Today, the windmill's modern equivalent-a wind turbine-can use the wind's energy to generate electricity. Wind turbines, like windmills, are mounted on a tower to capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more aboveground, they can take advantage of the faster and less turbulent wind. Turbines catch the wind's energy with their propeller-like blades. Usually, two or three blades are mounted on a shaft to form a rotor. A blade acts much like an airplane wing. When the wind blows, a pocket of low-pressure air forms on the downwind side of the blade. The low-pressure
NREL: Wind Research - Grid Integration of Offshore Wind
Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Grid Integration of Offshore Wind Photograph of a wind turbine in the ocean. Located about 10 kilometers off the coast of Arklow, Ireland, the Arklow Bank offshore wind park consists of seven GE Wind 3.6-MW wind turbines. Much can be learned from the existing land-based integration research for handling the variability and uncertainty of the wind resource. Integration and Transmission One comprehensive grid integration study is the Eastern Wind Integration and Transmission Study (EWITS), in which offshore wind scenarios were analyzed. Nearly 80 GW of offshore wind was studied in the highest penetration scenario. Specific offshore grid distribution and transmission solutions were identified, including cost estimates. With the Atlantic coast likely to lead the way in offshore wind power deployment, EWITS is a benchmark for
Stetson Wind Expansion Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Stetson Wind Expansion Wind Farm Stetson Wind Expansion Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Stetson Wind Expansion Wind Farm Facility Stetson Wind Expansion Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner First Wind Developer First Wind Location Washington County ME Coordinates 45.595833°, -67.928628° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.595833,"lon":-67.928628,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
challenging. Installed Project Costs Continued to Rise inin installed wind project costs, wind turbine transactionand uncertain offshore project costs, and public acceptance
CDIAC Surface Wind Data Sets
Surface Wind CDIAC Climate Holdings Containing Surface Wind Data Global Data Sets Data Set Name Investigators Data TypeFormat Period of Record Extended Edited Synoptic Cloud...
Public Service Company. Flagstaff, Arizona: Northern Arizona University. American Wind Energy Association (AWEA). 2009a. Annual Wind Industry Report: Year Ending 2008. Washington,...
PROGRAM 2 Presentation Overview * Introduction to current edition of U.S. wind energy market report * Wind Energy Market Trends - Installation trends - Industry trends - Cost...
for the costs and benefits of wind energy relative to itsbenefits, including better utilization of the transmission system and providing increased flexibility to integrate wind energy.
2012 Wind Technologies Market Report
2012 Wind Technologies Market Report Title 2012 Wind Technologies Market Report Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-6356E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Wiser, Ryan...
Real time wind turbine simulator.
??A novel dynamic real-time wind turbine simulator (WTS) is developed in this thesis, which is capable of reproducing dynamic behavior of real wind turbine. The� (more)
Gong, Bing
Indian Wind Energy Outlook 2009
1. ?The status of wind energy in India ? 4 Indian power sector?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5 Renewable Energy in India ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????5 Wind potential???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ? 7
NREL: Wind Research - @NWTC Newsletter
publications. Spring 2013 Issue Project and Program Updates Shedding Light on Offshore Wind Resources DOE Kicks Off Inaugural Collegiate Wind Competition Minimal Impacts Could...
wind turbine manufacturers: Denmark, Spain, Japan, India,India France Netherlands Australia Canada Approximate Windand India The data presented in Figure 11 are for wind-
2011 Wind Technologies Market Report Title 2011 Wind Technologies Market Report Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2012 Authors Wiser, Ryan H., and Mark Bolinger Date...
NREL: Wind Research - Re-Powering a Wind Farm: Wind Powering...
Re-Powering a Wind Farm: Wind Powering America Lessons Learned August 12, 2013 Some wind farms in the United States are nearing the end of their 20-plus-year lifetimes, increasing...
The Response of Wind-Wave Spectra to Changing Winds. Part I: Increasing Winds
Continuous time series of wind profiles and wind waves under growing conditions, recorded at Shirahama Oceanographic Tower Station and discussed by Kawai, Okada and Toba, have been reanalysed for this study of the response of one-dimensional wind-...
Yoshiaki Toba; Kozo Okada; Ian S. F. Jones
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind
Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance Standards for Municipal Small Wind Regulations and Small Wind Model Wind Ordinance < Back Eligibility Agricultural Commercial Fed. Government Industrial Institutional Local Government Nonprofit Residential Schools State Government Tribal Government Utility Savings Category Wind Buying & Making Electricity Program Info State New Hampshire Program Type Solar/Wind Permitting Standards In July 2008, New Hampshire enacted legislation designed to prevent municipalities from adopting ordinances or regulations that place unreasonable limits or hinder the performance of wind energy systems up to 100 kilowatts (kW) in capacity. Such wind turbines must be used primarily to produce energy for on-site consumption. The law identifies a several
Wind Fins: Novel Lower-Cost Wind Power System
This project evaluated the technical feasibility of converting energy from the wind with a novel �wind fin� approach. This patent-pending technology has three major components: (1) a mast, (2) a vertical, hinged wind structure or fin, and (3) a power takeoff system. The wing structure responds to the wind with an oscillating motion, generating power. The overall project goal was to determine the basic technical feasibility of the wind fin technology. Specific objectives were the following: (1) to determine the wind energy-conversion performance of the wind fin and the degree to which its performance could be enhanced through basic design improvements; (2) to determine how best to design the wind fin system to survive extreme winds; (3) to determine the cost-effectiveness of the best wind fin designs compared to state-of-the-art wind turbines; and (4) to develop conclusions about the overall technical feasibility of the wind fin system. Project work involved extensive computer modeling, wind-tunnel testing with small models, and testing of bench-scale models in a wind tunnel and outdoors in the wind. This project determined that the wind fin approach is technically feasible and likely to be commercially viable. Project results suggest that this new technology has the potential to harvest wind energy at approximately half the system cost of wind turbines in the 10kW range. Overall, the project demonstrated that the wind fin technology has the potential to increase the economic viability of small wind-power generation. In addition, it has the potential to eliminate lethality to birds and bats, overcome public objections to the aesthetics of wind-power machines, and significantly expand wind-power�s contribution to the national energy supply.
David C. Morris; Dr. Will D. Swearingen
Inverted Metamorphic Cell Development: Cooperative Research and Development Final Report, CRADA Number CRD-05-156
This CRADA targeted technology transfer of the inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) solar cell innovation from NREL to Emcore Photovoltaics. The technology transfer was successfully completed. Additionally, NREL provided materials characterization of solar cell structures produced at Emcore.
Wanlass, M.
MOVPE Growth of High Efficiency Inverted Metamorphic 1.1eV Solar ...
This paper focuses on the 1.1ev Ga0.77In0.23As inverted metamorphic solar cell grown with AlGaInAs quarternary step graded buffer on 6o miscut (001) thin Ge�...
Monitoring Gulf Stream Transport by Radar Altimeter and Inverted Echo Sounders
Profiles of the Gulf Stream sea surface height (SSH) from the Geosat altimeter were compared with thermocline depth measurements from inverted echo sounders (IES) for a period of about 19 months. The correlation between SSH anomalies and ...
Kathryn A. Kelly; D. Randolph Watts
Commercialization of a 2.5kW Utility Interactive Inverter for Distributed Generation
Through this project, Advanced Energy Conversion (AEC) has developed, tested, refined and is preparing to commercialize a 2.5kW utility-interactive inverter system for distributed generation. The inverter technology embodies zero-voltage switching technology that will ultimately yield a system that is smaller, less expensive and more efficient than existing commercial technologies. This program has focused on commercial success through careful synthesis of technology, market-focus and business development. AEC was the primary participant. AEC is utilizing contract manufacturers in the early stages of production, allowing its technical staff to focus on quality control issues and product enhancements. The objective of this project was to bring the AEC inverter technology from its current pre-production state to a commercial product. Federal funds have been used to build and test production-intent inverters, support the implementation of the commercialization plan and bring the product to the point of UL certification.
Torrey, David A.
Observational Analysis of an Upper-Level Inverted Trough during the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment
Upper-level inverted troughs (IVs) associated with midlatitude breaking Rossby waves or tropical upper-troposphere troughs (TUTTs) have been identified as important contributors to the variability of rainfall in the North American monsoon (NAM) ...
Zachary O. Finch; Richard H. Johnson
The Processing and Application of Inverted Echo Sounder Data from Drake Passage
Bottom pressure recorders (BPRs) have been deployed at Drake Passage (DP) to monitor changes in the volume transport of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) through the passage. The use of inverted echo sounders (IESs) in assisting the ...
Michael P. Meredith; John M. Vassie; Robert Spencer; Karen J. Heywood
High Voltage Thermal Battery Reliability Required to Equal Inverter-Converter Systems
MC-583 and XMC-650 circuits, including associated pulse transformers, are compare with the inverter-converter system typical of present fuses. The required probabilities of thermal battery shorts and opens are determined.
Deadbeat control of a three-phase inverter with an output LC filter
The discrete-time control of a three-phase inverter with an output LC filter is described based on space vectors. The mathematical model of the inverter-filter system is first obtained by using space vectors to represent three-phase quantities. Deadbeat control laws are derived for no-load and resistive-load cases. Then, a deadbeat control law is obtained for the case when the load draws current of any waveshape from the inverter-filter. It is shown that deadbeat control of output voltage can be achieved in two control steps. The manipulated variable, which is the voltage vector demanded from the inverter, is implemented using the space vector modulation technique. Simulation results for various operating conditions are presented.
Kuekrer, O. [Eastern Mediterranean Univ., G. Magosa (Turkey). Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Low-Frequency Sea Level Variability and the Inverted Barometer Effect
For a dynamical interpretation of sea level records, estimates are needed of the isostatic, or so-called inverted barometer, signals (?ib) associated with the ocean response to atmospheric loading. Seasonal and longer-period ?ib signals are ...
Rui M. Ponte
Investigation of Converting an AS-281 to an MC-762 Sealed Inverter
This memorandum is a summary of the techniques, problems, and tests associated with enclosing an SA-381 inverter in a hermetically sealed container for long time storage in any environment without testing.
Roh, V.J.; Lange, D.F.; Schneemann, H.
Capped ED-Mode AlN/GaN Inverters - Programmaster.org
The demonstrated inverter is operating at VDD = 5 V and consists of an enhancement- and depletion-mode HEMT with 1.5 nm thin subcritical AlN�...
Examining Fire Fighting Tactics Under Wind Driven ...
Examining Fire Fighting Tactics Under Wind Driven Conditions: Laboratory Experiments. ... Wind Driven Fire Measurement Tests. Objectives: ...
Advanced Coal Wind Hybrid: Economic Analysis
feasibility of combining wind farms with advanced coalfeasibility of combining wind farms with advanced coal
Phadke, Amol
Engineering Technical Training Modules - Battery Chargers and Inverters (ETTM - BSI) Version 1.0
ETTM Battery Chargers and Inverters is a computer based training module that allows users to access training when desired and review it at their own pace. It provides graphics and limited interactive features to enhance learning. The scope and purpose of this training module is to discuss the principles involved in the operations of battery chargers and inverters, and to consider industry practices used in employing these components in a typical nuclear power plant application. Although the battery is an...
Application Guide for Integration of Grid-Supportive Inverters: Version 1
This application guide provides a reference for the integration of grid-supportive inverters.�The guide is concise to serve as a quick reference, but also comprehensive in addressing the range of topics that utilities should consider when developing an integration strategy.Improvements in photovoltaic technology and renewable energy policies have greatly increased the number of inverter-based systems that are being connected to the grid.�The vast majority of these are ...
Modeling and dynamic performance of a line-commutated photovoltaic inverter system
In this paper, a three-phase line-commutated utility-interactive photovoltaic inverter system is described. A simplified computer code of this system is established and presented in block-diagram form. This model is suitable for use in transient stability programs. The accuracy of the simplified model is verified by comparing the response calculated therefrom with that of a highly detailed photovoltaic system model in which the inverter is represented in valve-by-valve detail.
Wasynczuk, O. (Purdue Univ., Lafayette, IN (USA). School of Electrical Engineering)
Modeling of nonstationary phenomena in the MHD-channel-inverter-substation system
A method for constructing a mathematical model of nonstationary phenomena in a system consisting of an MHD channel and an inverter substation, operating on a powerful ac grid, is examined. The variants of the realization of the model on a computer are discussed. Results of the solution of model problems with a diagonal MHD channel are presented. It is found that there is a significant coupling between the MHD channel and the inverter substation in transient processes.
Gusev, Y.P.; Zatelepin, V.N.; Kuznetsova, T.N.; Medin, S.A.; Pishchikov, V.I.
New England Wind Forum: Markets
Markets Markets Selling Wind Power Wind generators interconnected directly to the transmission or distribution grid, or sized in excess of the load of a host end-user, interact with either well-developed or developing markets for the products produced by wind generators: electricity and generation attributes. Buying Wind Power Individuals, companies, institutions, and governments throughout New England have a number of opportunities to buying wind power or support the development of wind power. The links below take you to information on opportunities and guidance for buying wind power in New England. Motivations for Buying Wind Power Buying Wind Power Resources and Tools for Large Energy Users Printable Version Skip footer navigation to end of page. New England Wind Forum Home | Wind Program Home | EERE Home | U.S. Department of Energy
Mongolia wind resource assessment project
The development of detailed, regional wind-resource distributions and other pertinent wind resource characteristics (e.g., assessment maps and reliable estimates of seasonal, diurnal, and directional) is an important step in planning and accelerating the deployment of wind energy systems. This paper summarizes the approach and methods being used to conduct a wind energy resource assessment of Mongolia. The primary goals of this project are to develop a comprehensive wind energy resource atlas of Mongolia and to establish a wind measurement program in specific regions of Mongolia to identify prospective sites for wind energy projects and to help validate some of the wind resource estimates. The Mongolian wind resource atlas will include detailed, computerized wind power maps and other valuable wind resource characteristic information for the different regions of Mongolia.
Elliott, D.; Chadraa, B.; Natsagdorj, L.
Wind Power Today and Tomorrow
Wind Power Today and Tomorrow is an annual publication that provides an overview of the wind research conducted under the U.S. Department of Energy's Wind and Hydropower Technologies Program. The purpose of Wind Power Today and Tomorrow is to show how DOE supports wind turbine research and deployment in hopes of furthering the advancement of wind technologies that produce clean, low-cost, reliable energy. Content objectives include: educate readers about the advantages and potential for widespread deployment of wind energy; explain the program's objectives and goals; describe the program's accomplishments in research and application; examine the barriers to widespread deployment; describe the benefits of continued research and development; facilitate technology transfer; and attract cooperative wind energy projects with industry. This 2003 edition of the program overview also includes discussions about wind industry growth in 2003, how DOE is taking advantage of low wind speed region s through advancing technology, and distributed applications for small wind turbines.
Wind News | Department of Energy
Wind News Wind News Wind News RSS February 7, 2011 Salazar, Chu Announce Major Offshore Wind Initiatives Strategic plan, $50 million in R&D funding, identified Wind Energy Areas will speed offshore wind energy development December 16, 2010 Department of Energy Finalizes Loan Guarantee to Support World's Largest Wind Project 845-Megawatt Wind Facility Will Create Hundreds of Jobs and Avoid Over 1.2 Million Tons of Carbon Dioxide Annually October 29, 2010 Statement by Energy Secretary Steven Chu on Today's Grand Opening of the Nordex Manufacturing Facility in Jonesboro, Arkansas Recovery Act investment creates jobs, helps lay the foundation for a clean energy economy September 13, 2010 DOE Announces More than $5 Million to Support Wind Energy Development Funds to Enhance Short-Term Wind Forecasting and Accelerate Midsize Wind
Resonant snubber based soft-switching inverters for electric propulsion drives
This paper summarizes recently developed soft-switching inverters and proposes two alternative options for electric propulsion drives. The newly developed soft-switching inverter employs an auxiliary switch and a resonant inductor per phase to produce a zero voltage across the main switch so that the main switch can turn on at the zero-voltage condition. Both the auxiliary switch and the resonant inductor are operating at a fractional duty, and thus are small in size as compared to the main inverter circuit components. Operation modes in a complete zero-voltage switching cycle for the single-phase soft-switching inverter are described in detail with graphical explanations. The circuit operation was first verified by a computer simulation and then tested with an 1-kW single-phase and an 100-kW three-phase inverters. Experimental results are presented to show the superior performance in efficiency improvement, EMI reduction, and dv/dt reduction of the proposed soft-switching inverters.
Lai, J.S.
Evaluation of Islanding Detection Methods for Utility-Interactive Inverters in Photovoltaic Systems
This report describes the various methods and circuits that have been developed to detect an islanding condition for photovoltaic applications and presents three methods that have been developed to test those methods and circuits. Passive methods for detecting an islanding condition basically monitor parameters such as voltage and frequency and/or their characteristics and cause the inverter to cease converting power when there is sufficient transition from normal specified conditions. Active methods for detecting the island introduce deliberate changes or disturbances to the connected circuit and then monitor the response to determine if the utility grid with its stable frequency, voltage and impedance is still connected. If the small perturbation is able to affect the parameters of the load connection within prescribed requirements, the active circuit causes the inverter to cease power conversion and delivery of power to the loads. The methods not resident in the inverter are generally controlled by the utility or have communications between the inverter and the utility to affect an inverter shut down when necessary. This report also describes several test methods that may be used for determining whether the anti-islanding method is effective. The test circuits and methodologies used in the U.S. have been chosen to limit the number of tests by measuring the reaction of a single or small number of inverters under a set of consensus-based worst-case conditions.
Analysis of inverter models and harmonic propagation. Part II. Harmonic propagation
Part II of a three part study describes the harmonic propagation in the photovoltaic power system consisting of the solar cell array, the inverter, and the ac side of the inverter up to the infinite bus of the utility. Propagation of the harmonics in the utility system are not addressed. Two main problems are analyzed: power in the converter system and harmonics of the current and voltage waveforms of the single-phase, dependent inverter. Relationships between the different components of the converter power - active, reactive and disturbance - are discussed. All formulas necessary for calculating the power components are given, assuming the harmonics of the current and voltage waveforms are known. The theoretical and experimental investigation of the single-phase, dependent inverter is described. The ac and dc terminal voltage of the inverter are analyzed and their harmonics are obtained. These data determine the harmonic propagation on both the dc and ac sides and may be useful for equipment design. Part I of the study (SAND 7040/1) contains a detailed description of the microcomputer based simulator that represents the output characteristics of the five commercially available types of solar cell arrays under different environmental conditions, and Part III (SAND 7040/3) presents an analysis of the transient and steady-state processes of inverter modules.
Wind Energy Technologies | Department of Energy
Wind Energy Technologies Wind Energy Technologies August 15, 2013 - 4:10pm Addthis Photo of a hilly field, with six visible wind turbines spinning in the wind. Wind energy...
Idaho Winds LLC | Open Energy Information
Idaho Winds, LLC Place Idaho Sector Wind energy Product Wholly-owned subsidiary of PowerworksPacific Winds, operating wind farms in Idaho. References Idaho Winds, LLC1 LinkedIn...
Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach: Learn About Wind
About Wind Power Locating Wind Power Getting Wind Power Installed Wind Capacity Wind for Schools Project Collegiate Wind Competition School Project Locations Education & Training Programs Curricula & Teaching Materials Resources Learn About Wind Learn about how wind energy generates power; where the best wind resources are; how you can own, host, partner with, and support wind power; and how and where wind energy has increased over the past decade. What Is Wind Power? Learn about how wind energy generates power, about wind turbine sizes and how wind turbines work, and how wind energy can be used. Also read examples of financial and business decisions. Where Is Wind Power? Go to maps to see the wind resource for utility-, community-, and residential-scale wind development. Or, see how much energy wind projects
Reference wind farm selection for regional wind power prediction models
1 Reference wind farm selection for regional wind power prediction models Nils Siebert email@example.com, email@example.com Abstract Short-term wind power forecasting is recognized today as a major requirement for a secure and economic integration of wind generation in power systems. This paper deals
Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach: Offshore 90-Meter Wind Maps and Wind
Offshore 90-Meter Wind Maps and Wind Resource Potential Offshore 90-Meter Wind Maps and Wind Resource Potential The Stakeholder Engagement and Outreach initiative provides 90-meter (m) height, high-resolution wind maps and estimates of the total offshore wind potential that would be possible from developing the available offshore areas. The offshore wind resource maps can be used as a guide to identify regions for commercial wind development. A map of the United States showing offshore wind resource. Washington offshore wind map. Oregon offshore wind map. California offshore wind map. Texas offshore wind map. Minnesota offshore wind map. Lousiana offshore wind map. Wisconsin offshore wind map. Michigan offshore wind map. Michigan offshore wind map. Illinois offshore wind map. Indiana offshore wind map. Ohio offshore wind map. Georgia offshore wind map. South Carolina offshore wind map. North Carolina offshore wind map. Virginia offshore wind map. Maryland offshore wind map. Pennsylvania offshore wind map. Delaware offshore wind map. New Jersey offshore wind map. New York offshore wind map. Maine offshore wind map. Massachusetts offshore wind map. Rhode Island offshore wind map. Connecticut offshore wind map. Hawaii offshore wind map. Delaware offshore wind map. New Hampshire offshore wind map.
NREL Wind Organization Chart
/16/13 /16/13 National Wind Technology Center Fort Felker, Center Director Wind Technology Research & Development Fort Felker, Group Manager (Acting) Wind Innovation & Reliability Jason Cotrell, Supervisor - Palmer Carlin - Lee Fingersh - Paul Fleming - Jim Johnson - Bonnie Jonkman - Jon Keller - Andrew Scholbrock - Shawn Sheng - Alan Wright Joint Appointees: - Katie Johnson (CSM) Students - Brendan Geels Post Docs - Yi Guo - Jason Laks Contractors: - Brian McNiff - Lucy Pao (CU) Aero & Systems Dynamics Pat Moriarty, Supervisor - Marshall Buhl - Matt Churchfield - Andrew Clifton - Rick Damiani - Caroline Draxl - Dennis Elliott - Steve Haymes - Jason Jonkman - Khanh Nguyen - Andrew Platt - Scott Schreck - George Scott - Diwanshu Shekhar
Cape Wind Project
G G Biological Assessment U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service MMS Cape Wind Energy Project January 2009 Final EIS Appendix G Biological Assessment Cape Wind Energy Project Nantucket Sound Biological Assessment Minerals Management Service for Consultation with the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and NOAA Fisheries May 2008 Appendix G Biological Assessment Cape Wind Energy Project i May 2008 U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service MMS TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................ 1-1 1.1 Project History .............................................................................................................
ERCOT Wind Development
At present, Texas leads the nation in wind development. Capacity reached 8005 MW in 2008, an addition of over 5000 MW in two years. Further, the state is committed to expanding the transmission system to tap as much as 18,456 MW of wind power. Focusing on the period 2008-2012, this study examines the market response to wind capacity, particularly in the time leading up to the expansion of the Texas transmission system. The study is introductory in nature, providing a foundation for more extensive analysi...
Power control of a wind farm with active stall wind turbines and AC grid connection
turbines with AC connection. The control of other wind farm concepts such as wind farms with DFIG wind
Michigan Wind I Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Wind I Wind Farm Wind I Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Michigan Wind I Wind Farm Facility Michigan Wind I Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner John Deere Wind Developer Noble Environmental Power Energy Purchaser Consumers Energy Location Huron County MI Coordinates 43.7099°, -82.9388° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.7099,"lon":-82.9388,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Cisco Wind Energy Wind Farm | Open Energy Information
Cisco Wind Energy Wind Farm Cisco Wind Energy Wind Farm Jump to: navigation, search Name Cisco Wind Energy Wind Farm Facility Cisco Wind Energy Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner John Deere Wind Energy Developer Community Energy Purchaser Northern States Power Location Brewster MN Coordinates 43.696164°, -95.467078° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.696164,"lon":-95.467078,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
New England Wind Forum: Interviews with Wind Industry Stakeholders and
Small Wind Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share Interviews With Wind Industry Stakeholders and Pioneers in New England The New England Wind Forum will interview different stakeholders actively shaping the wind power landscape in New England and wind pioneers to examine how they have laid the groundwork for today's New England wind energy market. Stephan Wollenburg, Green Energy Program Director of Energy Consumers Alliance of New England January 2013 A Panel of Seven Offer Insight into the Evolving Drivers and Challenges Facing Wind Development in New England June 2011 John Norden, Manager of Renewable Resource Integration, Independent System Operator-New England September 2010 Angus King, Former Governor of Maine and Co-Founder of Independence Wind
New England Wind Forum: New England Wind Forum Newsletter
Projects in New England Building Wind Energy in New England Wind Resource Wind Power Technology Economics Markets Siting Policy Technical Challenges Issues Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share New England Wind Forum Newsletter Follow news from the New England Wind Forum by subscribing to its newsletter. Newsletter The New England Wind Forum Newsletter informs stakeholders of New England Wind Energy Education Project announcements, plus, events, project, siting, and policy updates. Enter your email address below to begin the registration process. After you subscribe to the New England Wind Forum Newsletter, you can choose to subscribe to other energy efficiency and renewable energy news. Archived copies of this e-newsletter are not available, but all of the news items can be found on this website under news, events, and publications. If you have ideas or news items to contribute for future issues, please contact Sustainable Energy Advantage.
New England Wind Forum: Building Wind Energy in New England
Projects in New England Building Wind Energy in New England Wind Resource Wind Power Technology Economics Markets Siting Policy Technical Challenges Issues Small Wind Large Wind Newsletter Perspectives Events Quick Links to States CT MA ME NH RI VT Bookmark and Share Building Wind Energy in New England Many factors influence the ability to develop wind power in the New England region. A viable project requires the right site and the right technology for the application. It must provide suitable revenue or economic value to justify investment in this capital-intensive but zero-fuel technology. Policy initiatives are in place throughout the region to support the expansion of wind power's role in the regional supply mix. However, issues affecting public acceptance of wind projects in host communities must be addressed. Information on topics affecting wind power development in New England can be found by using the navigation to the left.
NREL: Wind Research - Gaia-Wind's 11 Kilowatt Wind Turbine Testing and
Gaia-Wind's 11 Kilowatt Wind Turbine Testing and Results Gaia-Wind's 11 Kilowatt Wind Turbine Testing and Results A video of Gaia-Wind's 11-kW wind turbine. Text Version As part of the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and U.S. Department of Energy (NREL/DOE) Independent Testing project, NREL tested Gaia-Wind's 11-kilowatt (kW) small wind turbine at the National Wind Technology Center (NWTC). Gaia-Wind's turbine is a three-phase induction generator that operates at 480 volts. The turbine's downwind rotor has a 13-meter diameter, and its tower is 18 meters tall. The two-bladed, oversized rotor is designed for low to moderate wind speeds. Testing Summary The summary of the tests is below with the final reports. Cumulative Energy Production 6/11/2008: 210; 6/13/2008: 528; 6/16/2008: 716; 6/18/2008: 731; 6/19/2008:
Two DC high volt�age GaAs pho�to�guns have been built at Jef�fer�son Lab based on a com�pact in�vert�ed in�su�la�tor de�sign. One pho�to�gun pro�vides the po�lar�ized elec�tron beam at CEBAF and op�er�ates at 130 kV bias volt�age. The other gun is used for high av�er�age cur�rent life�time stud�ies at a ded�i�cat�ed test fa�cil�i�ty and has been op�er�at�ed at bias volt�age up to 225 kV. The ad�van�tages of high�er DC volt�age for CEBAF in�clude re�duced space-charge emit�tance growth and the po�ten�tial for pro�longed pho�to�cath�ode life�time. How�ev�er, a con�se�quence of op�er�at�ing at high�er volt�ages is the in�creased like�li�hood of field emis�sion or break�down, both of which are un�ac�cept�able. High�lights of the R&D stud�ies lead�ing to�ward a pro�duc�tion 200keV GaAs pho�to�gun for CEBAF will be pre�sent�ed.
Grames, J M; Clark, J; Hansknecht, J; Poelker, M; Stutzman, M L; Suleiman, R; Surles-Law, K.E.L.; BastaniNejad, M
Benefits of the IEA Wind Co-operation Wind
energy is changing the generation mix 1. Wind energy development brings national benefits 2. IEA Wind activities support national programs by sharing information and joint research resultsWind energy is part of the global economy 1. Worldwide, new wind energy installations in 2010 represented an investment of 47.3 billion � (65 billion USD) 2. More than 500,000 people are currently employed in the wind industry Source: GWEC1995
Low-cost light-weight efficient 1. 5 kW inverters with and without output transformers. Final report, January 1976--June 1977
Optimization efforts were completed on the 1.5 kW inverter described in report DECC-61098-003 (September 1975). A second inverter design was developed; in the second design the output transformer was eliminated. Tests were performed on both the optimized transformer-output inverter and the transformerless-output inverter. Tests included environmental tests on the transformer-output inverter. (Author)
Suelzle, L.R.; Suelzle, J.S.
Gone with the Wind - The Potential Tragedy of the Common Wind
the Impacts of Large Wind Turbine Projects to Encourage438 1. How Wind Turbines Create Electricity . 2. Benefitssee also History of Wind Turbines, DANISH WIND INDUSTRY
Lifshitz-Goldberg, Yaei
NREL GIS Data: Global Offshore Wind GIS data for offshore wind...
Global Offshore Wind GIS data for offshore wind speed (meterssecond).� Specified to Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ).Wind resource based on NOAA blended sea winds and...
Inverse Load Calculation of Wind Turbine Support Structures - A Numerical Verification Using the Comprehensive Simulation Code FAST: Preprint (Revised)
Physically measuring the dynamic responses of wind turbine support structures enables the calculation of the applied loads using an inverse procedure. In this process, inverse means deriving the inputs/forces from the outputs/responses. This paper presents results of a numerical verification of such an inverse load calculation. For this verification, the comprehensive simulation code FAST is used. FAST accounts for the coupled dynamics of wind inflow, aerodynamics, elasticity and turbine controls. Simulations are run using a 5-MW onshore wind turbine model with a tubular tower. Both the applied loads due to the instantaneous wind field and the resulting system responses are known from the simulations. Using the system responses as inputs to the inverse calculation, the applied loads are calculated, which in this case are the rotor thrust forces. These forces are compared to the rotor thrust forces known from the FAST simulations. The results of these comparisons are presented to assess the accuracy of the inverse calculation. To study the influences of turbine controls, load cases in normal operation between cut-in and rated wind speed, near rated wind speed and between rated and cut-out wind speed are chosen. The presented study shows that the inverse load calculation is capable of computing very good estimates of the rotor thrust. The accuracy of the inverse calculation does not depend on the control activity of the wind turbine.
Pahn, T.; Jonkman, J.; Rolges, R.; Robertson, A.
wind engineering & natural disaster mitigation
wind engineering & natural disaster mitigation #12;wind engineering & natural disaster mitigation Investment WindEEE Dome at Advanced Manufacturing Park $31million Insurance Research Lab for Better Homes $8million Advanced Facility for Avian Research $9million #12;wind engineering & natural disaster mitigation