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Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The purpose of this project was to develop a conceptual model for estimating magnetic field (EMF) personal exposure (PE) of individuals or groups and construct a working model using existing data.
Bracken, T.D.; Rankin, R.F.; Wiley, J.A.
Electric and Magnetic Fields Associated with Electric Vehicle Charging: EMF from EV Charging
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly common. On a routine basis, it is necessary to charge the batteries within these vehicles. Electric and magnetic fields (EMF) are produced as a direct result of charging, but they have not been measured in a systematic manner in order to gain a better understading of their characteristics. This study, performed at Southern California Edison's Electric Vehicle Test Center (EVTC) in Pomona, CA, was conducted to address ...
Environmental Field Surveys, EMF Rapid Program, Engineering Project No.3
The EMF Research and Public Information Dissemination Program (RAPID) includes several engineering research in the area of exposure assessment and source characterization. RAPID engineering project No. 3: ''Environmental Field Surveys'' was performed to obtain information on the levels and characteristics of different environments, for which only limited data were available, especially in comparison to magnetic field data for the residential environment and for electric utility facilities, such as power lines and substations. This project was also to provide information on the contribution of various field sources in the surveyed environments. Magnetic field surveys were performed at four sites for each of five environments: schools, hospitals, office buildings, machine shops, and grocery stores. Of the twenty sites surveyed, 11 were located in the San Francisco Bay Area and 9 in Massachusetts. The surveys used a protocol based on magnetic field measurements and observation of activity patterns, designed to provide estimates of magnetic field exposure by type of people and by type of sources. The magnetic field surveys conducted by this project produced a large amount of data which will form a part of the EMF measurement database Field and exposure data were obtained separately for ''area exposure'' and ''at exposure points''. An exposure point is a location where persons engage in fixed, site specific activities near a local source that creates a significant increase in the area field. The area field is produced by ''area sources'', whose location and field distribution is in general not related to the location of the people in the area.
Enertech Consultants
This draft report consists of two volumes. Volume 1, the main body, contains an introducto~ sectionj an overview of magnetic fields sectio~ and field reduction technology evaluation section. Magnetic field reduction methods are evalpated for transmission lines, distribution Iines,sulxtations, building wiring applkmd machinery, and transportation systems. The evaluation considers effectiveness, co% and other ftiors. Volume 2 contains five appendices, Append~ A presents magnetic field shielding information. Appendices B and C present design assumptions and magnetic field plots for transmission and distribution lines, respectively. Appendices D and E present cost estimate details for transmission and distribution limes, respectively.
Commonwealth Associates, Inc.; IIT Research Institute
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
EMF Workstation 2013 allows a user to create a computer model of Transmission Lines, Distribution Lines, Buswork, and Substation Equipment. The software then calculates Electric and Magnetic Fields ...
Sourcebook for Utility Communications on EMF: Final Report
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Increasing public concern that exposure to 60-Hz electric and magnetic fields (EMF) may cause adverse human health effects poses difficult communications problems for utilities. This sourcebook will assist utilities in clearly conveying the current scientific understanding of EMF and explaining corporate positions on the issue. Moreover, the sourcebook should help utilities achieve appropriate levels of public involvement in EMF issues.
Evaluation of Occupational Magnetic Field Exposure Guidelines
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
As a first step in assessing potential effects of EMF exposure guidelines on utility operations, EPRI sponsored a technical evaluation of the major occupational EMF exposure guidelines and an analysis of existing magnetic-field exposure databases. The research reported herein is a comprehensive extension of that work, that includes studies by several research groups on diverse topics related to guidelines.
EPRI Workshop on EMF and Aquatic Life
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A workshop on Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) and Aquatic Life was organized by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) and held on November 15, 2012, at the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) in Moss Landing, California. The purpose of the workshop was to help EPRI identify research needs regarding the potential impact of EMF from offshore energy generation and/or underwater transmission cables on various forms of aquatic life. The workshop participants reviewed the current ...
Direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors with non-sinusoidal back-EMF
This work presents the direct torque control (DTC) techniques, implemented in four- and six-switch inverter, for brushless dc (BLDC) motors with non-sinusoidal back- EMF using two and three-phase conduction modes. First of all, the classical direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) with sinusoidal back-EMF is discussed in detail. Secondly, the proposed two-phase conduction mode for DTC of BLDC motors is introduced in the constant torque region. In this control scheme, only two phases conduct at any instant of time using a six-switch inverter. By properly selecting the inverter voltage space vectors of the two-phase conduction mode from a simple look-up table the desired quasi-square wave current is obtained. Therefore, it is possible to achieve DTC of a BLDC motor drive with faster torque response while the stator flux linkage amplitude is deliberately kept almost constant by ignoring the flux control in the constant torque region. Third, the avarege current controlled boost power factor correction (PFC) method is applied to the previously discussed proposed DTC of BLDC motor drive in the constant torque region. The test results verify that the proposed PFC for DTC of BLDC motor drive improves the power factor from 0.77 to about 0.9997 irrespective of the load. Fourth, the DTC technique for BLDC motor using four-switch inverter in the constant torque region is studied. For effective torque control in two phase conduction mode, a novel switching pattern incorporating the voltage vector look-up table is designed and implemented for four-switch inverter to produce the desired torque characteristics. As a result, it is possible to achieve two-phase conduction DTC of a BLDC motor drive using four-switch inverter with faster torque response due to the fact that the voltage space vectors are directly controlled.. Finally, the position sensorless direct torque and indirect flux control (DTIFC) of BLDC motor with non-sinusoidal back-EMF has been extensively investigated using three-phase conduction scheme with six-switch inverter. In this work, a novel and simple approach to achieve a low-frequency torque ripple-free direct torque control with maximum efficiency based on dq reference frame similar to permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives is presented.
Ozturk, Salih Baris
The EMF Measurements Database project is being implemented by T. Dan Bracken, Inc. as part of the EMF Research and Public Information Dissemination (EMF RAPID) Program. The Database is a collection of data sets that relate to measurement of electric and/or magnetic fields. This report describes activities during the period January 1997 to March 1998. Primary goals for the EMF Measurements Database are to develop a database structure that can accommodate the diversity of EMF data sets, provide guidance for production of future EMF data sets, and serve as an accessible repository of EMF measurement data. Specific objectives of the EMF Measurements Database are: o to presewe study descriptions, results and data; o to provide readily accessible, well-documented data; and - o to facilitate communication among researchers. In addition, the EMF Measurements Database will encourage additional analysis of existing data sets, facilitate analysis of data from multiple projects, support design of new studies, and permit future issues in EMF exposure assessment to be addressed with existing data. Preservation of study descriptions and data is accomplished with a formal, but open, structure. Specifications have been developed for the various elements of the database. Each data set in the database is formally described by a metadata file. The structured metadata file describes the origin, development, logical and physical structure, and distribution mechanism for each data set. The metadata for each data set is generated according to a specification developed for the EMF Measurements Database. The actual measurement data is contained in data products for each data set. The number and type of data product will vary by data set. Most of the data products available from the EMF Measurements Database can be downloaded from an Internet site. For some data sets, the data products will be maintained by other patties who may have their own access procedures.
T. Dan Bracken, Inc.
Magnetic field survey at PG&E photovoltaic sites
Public awareness has aroused concerns over the possible effects of magnetic fields on human health. While research continues to determine if magnetic fields do, in fact, affect human health, concerned individuals are requesting data on magnetic field sources in their environments to base personal decisions about limiting their exposure to these sources. Timely acceptance and implementation of photovoltaics (PV), particularly for distributed applications such as PV rooftops, windows, and vehicles, may be hampered by the lack of PV magnetic field data. To address this situation, magnetic flux density was measured around equipment at two PVUSA (Photovoltaics for Utility Scale Applications) project sites in Kerman and Davis, California. This report documents the data and compares the PV magnetic fields with published data on more prevalent magnetic field sources. Although not comprehensive, electric and magnetic field (EMF) data taken at PVUSA indicate that 60-Hz magnetic fields (the EMF type of greatest public concern) are significantly less for PV arrays than for household applications. Therefore, given the present EMF research knowledge, PV array EMF may not merit considerable concern. The PV system components exhibiting significant AC magnetic fields are the transformers and power conditioning units (PCUs). However, the AC magnetic fields associated with these components are localized and are not detected at PV system perimeters. Concern about transformer and PCU EMF would apply to several generation and storage technologies.
Chang, G.J.; Jennings, C.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Research and Public Information Dissemination (RAPID) Program was authorized by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 as a near-term effort to expand and accelerate the research needed to address the EMF issue. As required by this legislation, the EMF Interagency Committee, the National EMF Advisory Committee (NEMFAC), and the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) are providing valued input and advice for the direction of this program. With this input and advice, the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) have developed and are implementing five-year program plans. Multi-year health effects research projects and related EMF measurement and exposure assessment projects are underway using funds appropriated in fiscal years 1994, 1995, and 1996 together with voluntary non-Federal contributions. The results of these research projects, along with the results of other EMF research, will be used as input to the hazard evaluation effort, which is the focus of the EMF RAPID Program. A coordinated interagency program is underway to communicate needed information on the EMF issue in a clear manner to the public and other decision makers.
EPRI EMF Exposure Database: Electrical Workers Data Set
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Researchers at the University of Southern California (USC) provided data from the EPRI-sponsored Assessment of Electromagnetic Fields Exposure by Job Title Study (WO799-27) for inclusion in the EPRI EMF Exposure Database. This data set contains six data products related to measurements of magnetic field exposure and estimates of time performing specific tasks: binary and ASCII time-series files of individual measurements, summaries of each task, summaries of each type of task within a measurement session...
Exposure to Residential Electric and Magnetic Fields and Risk of Childhood Leukemia
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This project explored the possible association between electric and magnetic fields (EMF), wire codes, and childhood leukemia. In general, the project confirmed an association between wire codes and childhood leukemia but failed to identify magnetic fields as the explanation for the observed pattern of results.
EPRI EMF Exposure Database: EMDEX Occupational Study Data Set
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Researchers from the EMDEX Occupational Study (WO2966-01) provided data from this study for inclusion in the EPRI EMF Exposure Database. This data set contains fourteen data products related to measurements of electric and magnetic field personal exposure: binary and ASCII time-series files of individual measurements, summaries of occupied environment by partition (continuous period in environment), by day and by entire measurement session, summaries of occupied environment for work status (work/non-work...
EPRI EMF Exposure Database: Telephone Line Workers Data Set
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Researchers at Johns Hopkins University provided data from the EPRI-sponsored Leukemia in Telephone Linemen Study (WO2964-04) for inclusion in the EPRI EMF Exposure Database. This data set contains three data products related to measurements of magnetic field personal exposure: binary and ASCII time-series files of individual measurements and a summary file for each measured worker. The documentation associated with this data set includes a project synopsis, descriptions of all data elements, and the for...
EPRI EMF Exposure Database: SCE Utility Workers Data Set
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Researchers at Southern California Edison Company (SCE) provided exposure data collected during a SCE-sponsored cohort and case- control study of cancer among SCE employees for inclusion in the EPRI EMF Exposure Database. This data set contains five data products related to measurements of magnetic field personal exposure: binary and ASCII time- series files of individual measurements, three summary files with records for each individual activity period, each consolidated activity within a session and ea...
Seattle city light wins EMF lawsuit brought by worker
Ruling consistent with similar lawsuit outcomes. A Washington state workers` compensation appeals board, in upholding an earlier state agency decision, has ruled that electric and magnetic fields (EMF) did not cause a Seattle City Light worker`s leukemia. The outcome of the case, Pilisuk vs. Seattle City Light, appears to fall in line with decisions in other, similar EMF personal injury lawsuits against electric utilities. Robert Pilisuk, 44, an apprentice and electrician-constructor for Seattle City Light for seven years, died five years ago as a result of acute lymphocytic leukemia. {open_quotes}This was the first thorough examination of the large body of EMF studies by a workers` compensation system,{close_quotes} said Betty Ngan, Seattle assistant city attorney. {open_quotes}The board`s decision is based on the extensive record of testimony taken and an exhaustive review of the studies. The result of this appeal process reflects the state of the science, that there is no proven cause-and -effect relationship between EMF and health effects.{close_quotes}
Warkentin, D. [ed.
This report provides background information about (1) the electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) of high-voltage transmission lines at typical voltages and line configurations and (2) typical transmission line costs to assist on alternatives in environmental documents. EMF strengths at 0 {+-} 200 ft from centerline were calculated for ac overhead lines, and for 345 and 230-kV ac underground line and for a {+-}450-kV dc overhead line. Compacting and height sensitivity factors were computed for the variation in EMFs when line conductors are moved closer or raised. Estimated costs for the lines are presented and discussed so that the impact of using alternative strategies for reducing EMF strengths and the implications of implementing the strategies can be better appreciated.
Stoffel, J.B.; Pentecost, E.D.; Roman, R.D.; Traczyk, P.A.
Recommendations for Guidelines for EMF Personal Exposure Measurements, Rapid Project #4
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The purpose of developing guidelines for electric and magnetic field (EMF) personal exposure measurements (lF'EM) is to ensure reliable and comparable data across I?EM studies. Study techniques may vary due to different populations or objectives, but the resulting data should be consistently reported and comparable, to the extent possible. Any guideline must allow creativity by the research-oriented investigator and provide specific guidance to industrial hygienists or other results-oriented investigators, requiring a standard protocol. Recognizing measurement studies with different purposes is an important aspect of these recommendations. The guidelines presented here intend to produce comparable data across studies while remaining flexible. The recommendations for designing and implementing an EMF PEM program describe a three-stage process. The first step is to clearly state the purpose of the PEM program. The next stage addresses the fundamental elements of an EMF PEM study, including an assessment of the scientific and organizational resources that will be required. This process is codified in a written study plan. These stages are described in 1 Section 5 of this report. The third stage of a PEM study involves the design, implementation and documentation of specific procedures and protocols fo~ sampling strategies, selection of measurement parameters; instrumentation, measurement and data collection, data management, data analysis, quality assurance, uncertainty evaluation, and archiving the study methods and results. The methods for designing these elements of an EMF PEM study are described in Section 6: Specific Guidelines for EMF I?EM Study Design.
T. Dan Bracken, Inc.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
EPRI is conducting research on the important environmental health question of whether exposure to extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields (EMF) can affect the development of human cancer. This report describes a very large, lifetime magnetic field study on mice, which tests for effects on several different types of leukemia. The results indicate, with a very high degree of confidence, that nearly continuous exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields for up to 2 years 4 months does not affect the inci...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In vivo exposure effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on various tissues of experiment animals have been investigated. In this sense, modeling and formulation of these biological effects have been of significant importance. In this study extremely ... Keywords: ELF magnetic fields, Genetic programming, MDA level, MPO activity
Gülay Tohumoglu; Ay?e G. Canseven; Abdulkadir Çevik; Nesrin Seyhan
Electric and magnetic fields research and public information dissemination program. Progress report
The Electric and Magnetic Fields (EMF) Research and Public Information Dissemination (RAPID) Program was authorized by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 (enacted October 24, 1992) to determine whether or not exposure to EMF produced by the generation, transmission, and use of electric energy affects human health. Two Federal agencies, the Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), have primary responsibility for the program, but other Federal agencies are key participants as well. This program requires that Federal appropriations be matched by contributions from non-Federal sources. The authorized level of funding for the program was $65 million over a 5-year period (fiscal years 1993-1997 inclusive). For EMF RAPID to be a fully funded program, $32.5 million over 5 years will have to be appropriated by Congress and matched by non-Federal contributions.
A magnetic field generating device provides a useful magnetic field within a specific retgion, while keeping nearby surrounding regions virtually field free. By placing an appropriate current density along a flux line of the source, the stray field effects of the generator may be contained. One current carrying structure may support a truncated cosine distribution, and it may be surrounded by a current structure which follows a flux line that would occur in a full coaxial double cosine distribution. Strong magnetic fields may be generated and contained using superconducting cables to approximate required current surfaces.
Krienin, Frank (Shoreham, NY)
The magnetic field of the Sun is the underlying cause of the many diverse phenomena combined under the heading of solar activity. Here we describe the magnetic field as it threads its way from the bottom of the convection zone, where it is built up by the solar dynamo, to the solar surface, where it manifests itself in the form of sunspots and faculae, and beyond into the outer solar atmosphere and, finally, into the heliosphere. On the way it, transports energy from the surface and the subsurface layers into the solar corona, where it heats the gas and accelerates the solar wind.
Solanki, Sami K; Schüssler, Manfred; 10.1088/0034-4885/69/3/R02
Low field magnetic resonance imaging
A method and system of magnetic resonance imaging does not need a large homogenous field to truncate a gradient field. Spatial information is encoded into the spin magnetization by allowing the magnetization to evolve in a non-truncated gradient field and inducing a set of 180 degree rotations prior to signal acquisition.
Pines, Alexander (Berkeley, CA); Sakellariou, Dimitrios (Billancourt, FR); Meriles, Carlos A. (Fort Lee, NJ); Trabesinger, Andreas H. (London, GB)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
With this Letter, we complete our model of the Galactic magnetic field (GMF), by using the WMAP7 22 GHz total synchrotron intensity map and our earlier results to obtain a 13-parameter model of the Galactic random field, and to determine the strength of the striated random field. In combination with our 22-parameter description of the regular GMF, we obtain a very good fit to more than 40,000 extragalactic Faraday rotation measures and the WMAP7 22 GHz polarized and total intensity synchrotron emission maps. The data call for a striated component to the random field whose orientation is aligned with the regular field, having zero mean and rms strength Almost-Equal-To 20% larger than the regular field. A noteworthy feature of the new model is that the regular field has a significant out-of-plane component, which had not been considered earlier. The new GMF model gives a much better description of the totality of data than previous models in the literature.
Jansson, Ronnie; Farrar, Glennys R. [Center for Cosmology and Particle Physics, Department of Physics, New York University, New York, NY 10003 (United States)
Fast superconducting magnetic field switch
The superconducting magnetic switch or fast kicker magnet is employed with an electron stream or a bunch of electrons to rapidly change the direction of flow of the electron stream or bunch of electrons. The apparatus employs a beam tube which is coated with a film of superconducting material. The tube is cooled to a temperature below the superconducting transition temperature and is subjected to a constant magnetic field which is produced by an external dc magnet. The magnetic field produced by the dc magnet is less than the critical field for the superconducting material, thus, creating a Meissner Effect condition. A controllable fast electromagnet is used to provide a magnetic field which supplements that of the dc magnet so that when the fast magnet is energized the combined magnetic field is now greater than the critical field and the superconducting material returns to its normal state allowing the magnetic field to penetrate the tube. This produces an internal field which effects the direction of motion and of the electron stream or electron bunch. The switch can also operate as a switching mechanism for charged particles. Magnetic switches and particularly fast kicker magnets are used in the accelerator industry to quickly deflect particle beams into and out of various transport lines, storage rings, dumps, and specifically to differentially route individual bunches of particles from a train of bunches which are injected or ejected from a given ring.
Goren, Y.; Mahale, N.K.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A paper, entitled "Childhood cancer and magnetic fields from high voltage power lines in England and Wales: a case-control study," was published in the British Journal of Cancer on September 28, 2010. The authors assessed the association between exposure to EMF from power lines at the address of birth and childhood cancer. The current paper provides additional results to a study published earlier from the same data set in 2005. These EPRI comments provide an overview of study findings, conclusions, stren...
Fast superconducting magnetic field switch
The superconducting magnetic switch or fast kicker magnet is employed with electron stream or a bunch of electrons to rapidly change the direction of flow of the electron stream or bunch of electrons. The apparatus employs a beam tube which is coated with a film of superconducting material. The tube is cooled to a temperature below the superconducting transition temperature and is subjected to a constant magnetic field which is produced by an external dc magnet. The magnetic field produced by the dc magnet is less than the critical field for the superconducting material, thus, creating a Meissner Effect condition. A controllable fast electromagnet is used to provide a magnetic field which supplements that of the dc magnet so that when the fast magnet is energized the combined magnetic field is now greater that the critical field and the superconducting material returns to its normal state allowing the magnetic field to penetrate the tube. This produces an internal field which effects the direction of motion and of the electron stream or electron bunch. The switch can also operate as a switching mechanism for charged particles.
Goren, Yehuda (Mountain View, CA); Mahale, Narayan K. (The Woodlands, TX)
Evolution of twisted magnetic fields
The magnetic field of the solar corona evolves quasistatically in response to slowly changing photospheric boundary conditions. The magnetic topology is preserved by the low resistivity of the solar atmosphere. We show that a magnetic flux coordinate system simplifies the problem of calculating field evolution with invariant topology. As an example, we calculate the equilibrium of a thin magnetic flux tube with small twist per unit length.
Zweibel, E.G.; Boozer, A.H.
Magnetic-field-dosimetry system
A device is provided for measuring the magnetic field dose and peak field exposure. The device includes three Hall-effect sensors all perpendicular to each other, sensing the three dimensional magnetic field and associated electronics for data storage, calculating, retrieving and display.
Lemon, D.K.; Skorpik, J.R.; Eick, J.L.
Laboratory Studies of the Effects of Static and Variable Magnetic Fields on Freshwater Fish
There is considerable interest in the development of marine and hydrokinetic energy projects in rivers, estuaries, and coastal ocean waters of the United States. Hydrokinetic (HK) technologies convert the energy of moving water in river or tidal currents into electricity, without the impacts of dams and impoundments associated with conventional hydropower or the extraction and combustion of fossil fuels. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) maintains a database that displays the geographical distribution of proposed HK projects in inland and tidal waters (FERC 2012). As of March 2012, 77 preliminary permits had been issued to private developers to study HK projects in inland waters, the development of which would total over 8,000 MW. Most of these projects are proposed for the lower Mississippi River. In addition, the issuance of another 27 preliminary permits for HK projects in inland waters, and 3 preliminary permits for HK tidal projects (totaling over 3,100 MW) were under consideration by FERC. Although numerous HK designs are under development (see DOE 2009 for a description of the technologies and their potential environmental effects), the most commonly proposed projects entail arrays of rotating devices, much like submerged wind turbines, that are positioned in the high-velocity (high energy) river channels. The many diverse HK designs imply a diversity of environmental impacts, but a potential impact common to most is the effect on aquatic organisms of electromagnetic fields (EMF) created by the projects. The submerged electrical generator will emit an EMF into the surrounding water, as will underwater cables used to transmit electricity from the generator to the shore, between individual units in an array (inter-turbine cables), and between the array and a submerged step-up transformer. The electric current moving through these cables will induce magnetic fields in the immediate vicinity, which may affect the behavior or viability of fish and benthic invertebrates (Gill et al. 2005, 2009). It is known that numerous marine and freshwater organisms are sensitive to electrical and magnetic fields, often depending on them for such diverse activities as prey location and navigation (DOE 2009; Normandeau et al. 2011). Despite the wide range of aquatic organisms that are sensitive to EMF and the increasing numbers of underwater electrical transmitting cables being installed in rivers and coastal waters, little information is available to assess whether animals will be attracted, repelled, or unaffected by these new sources of EMF. This knowledge gap is especially significant for freshwater systems, where electrosensitive organisms such as paddlefish and sturgeon may interact with electrical transmission cables. We carried out a series of laboratory experiments to test the sensitivity of freshwater fish and invertebrates to the levels of EMF that are expected to be produced by HK projects in rivers. In this context, EM fields are likely to be emitted primarily by generators in the water column and by transmission cables on or buried in the substrate. The HK units will be located in areas of high-velocity waters that are used as only temporary habitats for most riverine species, so long-term exposure of fish and benthic invertebrates to EMF is unlikely. Rather, most aquatic organisms will be briefly exposed to the fields as they drift downstream or migrate upstream. Because the exposure of most aquatic organisms to EMF in a river would be relatively brief and non-lethal, we focused our investigations on detecting behavioral effects. For example, attraction to the EM fields could result in prolonged exposures to the fields or the HK rotor. On the other hand, avoidance reactions might hinder upstream migrations of fish. The experiments reported here are a continuation of studies begun in FY 2010, which focused on the potential effects of static magnetic fields on snails, clams, and fathead minnows (Cada et al. 2011). Those experiments found little indication that the behaviors of these freshwater species were a
Cada, Glenn F [ORNL; Bevelhimer, Mark S [ORNL; Fortner, Allison M [ORNL; Riemer, Kristina P [ORNL; Schweizer, Peter E [ORNL
This study determined whether chronic exposure of female lambs to the electric and magnetic fields (EMF) of a high voltage transmission line can alter pineal secretion of melatonin and the normal occurrence of puberty. Twenty female Suffolk lambs were assigned randomly in equal numbers to a control and a treatment group. Treatment from 2 to 10 mo of age consisted of continuous exposure within the electrical environment of a 500-kV transmission line (mean electric field 6 kV/m, mean magnetic field 40 mG). Treated lambs were penned directly beneath the transmission line; control lambs were maintained in a pen of similar construction 229 m from the line where EMF were at ambient levels (mean electric field < 10 V/m, mean magnetic field < 0.3 mG). Melatonin was analyzed by RIA in serum of blood samples collected at 0.5-3-h intervals over eight 48-h periods. To assess attainment of puberty, serum concentrations of progesterone were determined by RIA from blood samples collected twice weekly beginning at 19 wk of age. Concentrations of circulating melatonin in control and treated lambs were low during daylight hours and increased during nighttime hours. The characteristic pattern of melatonin secretion during nighttime (amplitude, phase, and duration) did not differ between control and treatment groups. Age at puberty and number of subsequent estrous cycles also did not differ between groups. These data suggest that chronic exposure of developing female sheep to 60-Hz environmental EMF does not affect the mechanisms underlying the generation of the circadian pattern of melatonin secretion or the mechanisms involved in the onset of reproductive activity.
Lee, J.M. Jr.; Stormshak, F.; Thompson, J.M.; Thinesen, P.; Painter, L.J.; Olenchek, E.G.; Hess, D.L.; Forbes, R.; Foster, D.L. (Oregon State Univ., Corvallis (United States))
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Concerns exist regarding the potential safety, environmental and health effects on the public and on transportation workers due to electrification along new or existing rail corridors, and to proposed maglev and high speed rail operations. Therefore, the characterization of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) produced by both steady (dc) and alternating currents (ac) at power frequency (50 Hz in Europe and 60 Hz in the U.S.) and above, in the Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) range (3-3000 Hz) is of interest. The report summarizes and compares the results of a survey of EMF characteristics (spatial, temporal and frequency bands) for representative conventional railroad and transit and advanced high-speed systems including: the German TR-07 maglev system; the Amtrak Northeast Corridor (NEC) and North Jersey Transit (NJT) trains; the Washington, DC Metrorail (WMATA) and the Boston, MA (MBTA) transit systems; and the French TGV-A high speed rail system. This comprehensive comparative EMF survey produced both detailed data and statistical summaries of EMF profiles, and their variability in time and space. EMF ELF levels for WMATA are also compared to those produced by common environmental sources at home, work, and under power lines, but have specific frequency signatures.
Dietrich, F.M.; Feero, W.E.; Jacobs, W.L.
Effects on Freshwater Organisms of Magnetic Fields Associated with Hydrokinetic Turbines
Underwater cables will be used to transmit electricity between turbines in an array (interturbine cables), between the array and a submerged step-up transformer (if part of the design), and from the transformer or array to shore. All types of electrical transmitting cables (as well as the generator itself) will emit EMF into the surrounding water. The electric current will induce magnetic fields in the immediate vicinity, which may affect the behavior or viability of animals. Because direct electrical field emissions can be prevented by shielding and armoring, we focused our studies on the magnetic fields that are unavoidably induced by electric current moving through a generator or transmission cable. These initial experiments were carried out to evaluate whether a static magnetic field, such as would be produced by a direct current (DC) transmitting cable, would affect the behavior of common freshwater fish and invertebrates.
Cada, Glenn F [ORNL; Bevelhimer, Mark S [ORNL; Riemer, Kristina P [ORNL; Turner, Julie W [ORNL
Magnetic response to applied electrostatic field in external magnetic field
We show, within QED and other possible nonlinear theories, that a static charge localized in a finite domain of space becomes a magnetic dipole, if it is placed in an external (constant and homogeneous) magnetic field in the vacuum. The magnetic moment is quadratic in the charge, depends on its size and is parallel to the external field, provided the charge distribution is at least cylindrically symmetric. This magneto-electric effect is a nonlinear response of the magnetized vacuum to an applied electrostatic field. Referring to a simple example of a spherically-symmetric applied field, the nonlinearly induced current and its magnetic field are found explicitly throughout the space, the pattern of lines of force is depicted, both inside and outside the charge, which resembles that of a standard solenoid of classical magnetostatics.
T. C. Adorno; D. M. Gitman; A. E. Shabad
Measurements of magnetic field alignment
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The procedure for installing Superconducting Super Collider (SSC) dipoles in their respective cryostats involves aligning the average direction of their field with the vertical to an accuracy of 0.5 mrad. The equipment developed for carrying on these measurements is described and the measurements performed on the first few prototypes SSC magnets are presented. The field angle as a function of position in these 16.6 m long magnets is a characteristic of the individual magnet with possible feedback information to its manufacturing procedure. A comparison of this vertical alignment characteristic with a magnetic field intensity (by NMR) characteristic for one of the prototypes is also presented. 5 refs., 7 figs.
Kuchnir, M.; Schmidt, E.E.
It is now widely accepted that soft gamma repeaters and anomalous X-ray pulsars are the observational manifestations of magnetars, i.e. sources powered by their own magnetic energy. This view was supported by the fact that these `magnetar candidates' exhibited, without exception, a surface dipole magnetic field (as inferred from the spin-down rate) in excess of the electron critical field (~4.4E+13 G). The recent discovery of fully-qualified magnetars, SGR 0418+5729 and Swift J1822.3-1606, with dipole magnetic field well in the range of ordinary radio pulsars posed a challenge to the standard picture, showing that a very strong field is not necessary for the onset of magnetar activity (chiefly bursts and outbursts). Here we summarize the observational status of the low-magnetic-field magnetars and discuss their properties in the context of the mainstream magnetar model and its main alternatives.
Turolla, R
Residential Transient Magnetic Field Research
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Residential populations are exposed, in some measure, to transient magnetic fields. Such fields result from virtually all electric and electronic switching operations that may occur within the residence or external to the residence. This report presents the first phase of a study to better characterize these fields and, ultimately, describe their relationship to utility wiring configurations.
High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility
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HFMRF Overview HFMRF Overview Section 2-3-1 High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility The High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility (HFMRF) focuses a significant portion of its research on developing a fundamental, molecular-level understanding of biochemical and biological systems and their response to environmental effects. A secondary focus is materials science, including catalysis and chemical mechanisms and processes. Staff and science consultants within this facility offer expertise in the areas of structural biology, solid-state materials characterization, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Research activities in the HFMRF include: * structure determination of large molecular assemblies such as protein-DNA (normal and damaged DNA) and protein-RNA complexes
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The safety of magnetically levitated (maglev) and high speed rail (HSR) trains proposed for application in the United States is the responsibility of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The characterization of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) produced by both steady (dc) and alternating currents (ac) at power frequency (50 Hz in Europe and 60 Hz in the U.S.) and above, in the Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) range (3-3000 Hz), is of interest with respect to any potential health effects these fields may have on the public and on transportation workers. An EMF survey of National Rail Passengers Corporation trains operating on the Northeast Corridor (NEC) was performed, as part of a comprehensive comparative safety assessment of the German Transrapid (TR-07) maglev system and of existing (NEC and transit trains) and advanced rail systems (the French TGV). The report is Volume 2 of two volumes. A portable magnetic field monitoring system (augmented to include an electric fields probe) was used to sample, record and store three-axis static and ac magnetic fields waveforms simultaneously, at multiple locations. A real time Digital Audio Tape (DAT) recorder able to capture EMF transients, and two personal power-frequency magnetic field monitors were used to collect complementary data.
Dietrich, F.M.; Robertson, D.C.; Steiner, G.A.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The safety of magnetically levitated (maglev) and high speed rail (HSR) trains proposed for application in the United States is the responsibility of the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA). The characterization of electric and magnetic fields (EMF) produced by both steady (dc) and alternating currents (ac) at power frequency (50 Hz in Europe and 60 Hz in the U.S.) and above, in the Extreme Low Frequency (ELF) range (3-3000 Hz), is of interest with respect to any potential health effects these fields may have on the public and on transportation workers. An EMF survey of National Rail Passengers Corporation trains operating on the Northeast Corridor (NEC) was performed, as part of a comprehensive comparative safety assessment of the German Transrapid (TR-07) maglev system, and of existing (NEC and transit trains) and advanced rail systems (the French TGV). The report is Volume 1 of two volumes. A portable magnetic field monitoring system (augmented to include an electric fields probe) was used to sample, record and store three-axis static and ac magnetic fields waveforms simultaneously, at multiple locations. A real time Digital Audio Tape (DAT) recorder able to capture EMF transients, and two personal power-frequency magnetic field monitors were used to collect complementary data.
Dietrich, F.M.; Feero, W.E.; Papas, P.N.; Steiner, G.A.
High Field Magnet R&D |Superconducting Magnet Division
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High Field Magnet R&D High Field Magnet R&D The Superconducting Magnet Division is developing advanced magnet designs and magnet-related technologies for high field accelerator magnets. We are currently working on magnets for three inter-related programs: High Field Magnets for Muon Collider Papers, Presentations Common Coil Magnets Papers, Presentations Interaction Region Magnets Papers, Presentations High Temperature Superconductor (HTS) Magnets Papers, Presentations This is part of a multi-lab superconducting magnet development program for new accelerator facilities that would be part of the U.S. High Energy Physics program. These programs (@BNL, @FNAL, @LBNL) are quite complimentary to each other, so that magnet designs and technologies developed at one laboratory can be easily transferred to another. The BNL
Separation of magnetic field lines
The field lines of magnetic fields that depend on three spatial coordinates are shown to have a fundamentally different behavior from those that depend on two coordinates. Unlike two-coordinate cases, a flux tube in a magnetic field that depends on all three spatial coordinates that has a circular cross section at one location along the tube characteristically has a highly distorted cross section at other locations. In an ideal evolution of a magnetic field, the current densities typically increase. Crudely stated, if the current densities increase by a factor {sigma}, the ratio of the long to the short distance across a cross section of a flux tube characteristically increases by e{sup 2{sigma}}, and the ratio of the longer distance to the initial radius increases as e{sup {sigma}}. Electron inertia prevents a plasma from isolating two magnetic field structures on a distance scale shorter than c/{omega}{sub pe}, which is about 10 cm in the solar corona, and reconnection must be triggered if {sigma} becomes sufficiently large. The radius of the sun, R{sub Circled-Dot-Operator }=7 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 10}cm is about e{sup 23} times larger, so when {sigma} Greater-Than-Or-Equivalent-To 23, two lines separated by c/{omega}{sub pe} at one location can be separated by the full scale of any magnetic structures in the corona at another. The conditions for achieving a large exponentiation, {sigma}, are derived, and the importance of exponentiation is discussed.
Boozer, Allen H. [Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 (United States)
Honeybees and Power Line EMF Environments
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This Resource Paper reviews research relevant to potential interactions between electric and magnetic field environments in the vicinity of high voltage overhead transmission lines. The paper deals first, with a description of a series of electric field studies conducted in a power line environment followed by mechanism studies under controlled conditions; second, with studies of the ability of bees to discriminate static and alternating magnetic fields; and third, with a study of native bees in a power ...
Active molecular plasma in a magnetic field
The propagation of electromagnetic oscillations in an active molecules plasma in a constant external magnetic field is investigated. (AIP)
Kovtun, V.P.
Topological constraints in magnetic field relaxation
Stability and reconnection of magnetic fields play a fundamental role in natural and man-made plasma. In these applications the field's topology determines the stability of the magnetic field. Here I will describe the importance of one topology quantifier, the magnetic helicity, which impedes any free decay of the magnetic energy. Further constraints come from the fixed point index which hinders the field to relax into the Taylor state.
Candelaresi, Simon
Primordial magnetic field limits from cosmological data
We study limits on a primordial magnetic field arising from cosmological data, including that from big bang nucleosynthesis, cosmic microwave background polarization plane Faraday rotation limits, and large-scale structure formation. We show that the physically relevant quantity is the value of the effective magnetic field, and limits on it are independent of how the magnetic field was generated.
Kahniashvili, Tina [McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 (United States); Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C (Canada); Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State University, 2A Kazbegi Ave, Tbilisi, GE-0160 (Georgia); Tevzadze, Alexander G. [Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State University, 2A Kazbegi Ave, Tbilisi, GE-0160 (Georgia); Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University, 1 Chavchavadze Avenue, Tbilisi, GE-0128 (Georgia); Sethi, Shiv K. [McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213 (United States); Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560080 (India); Pandey, Kanhaiya [Raman Research Institute, Sadashivanagar, Bangalore 560080 (India); Ratra, Bharat [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 (United States)
Numerical Computation of Human Dose Due to 50/60-Hz Fields: Data Set Documentation
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The University of Victoria electric and magnetic fields (EMF) dosimetry data set contains calculated internal electrical parameters in anatomically correct human models resulting from exposures to electric fields, magnetic fields, and contact currents. The data set provides descriptive statistics for dose to specific organs and tissues resulting from a variety of exposure scenarios.
Bipolar pulse field for magnetic refrigeration
A magnetic refrigeration apparatus includes first and second steady state magnets, each having a field of substantially equal strength and opposite polarity, first and second bodies made of magnetocaloric material disposed respectively in the influence of the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, and a pulsed magnet, concentric with the first and second steady state magnets, and having a field which cycles between the fields of the first and second steady state magnets, thereby cyclically magnetizing and demagnetizing and thus heating and cooling the first and second bodies. Heat exchange apparatus of suitable design can be used to expose a working fluid to the first and second bodies of magnetocaloric material. A controller is provided to synchronize the flow of working fluid with the changing states of magnetization of the first and second bodies. 2 figs.
Lubell, M.S.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The University of Victoria electric and magnetic field (EMF) dosimetry data set contains calculated internal electrical parameters in anatomically correct human and rodent models resulting from exposures to electric fields, magnetic fields, and/or contact currents. The data set provides descriptive statistics for dose to specific organs and tissues resulting from a variety of exposure scenarios.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In June 2004, EPRI cosponsored a scientific workshop held by the World Health Organization (WHO), in collaboration with the Medical Faculty of Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey, to evaluate available information on possible health effects from exposure of children to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Research recommended by an expert Working Group will help fill knowledge gaps. Workshop results will also contribute to a comprehensive WHO EMF health risk evaluation scheduled for completion in 2005.
This paper shows how to maximize the effect of the slanted air-gap structure of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with brushless field excitation (BFE) for application in a hybrid electric vehicle. The BFE structure offers high torque density at low speed and weakened flux at high speed. The unique slanted air-gap is intended to increase the output torque of the machine as well as to maximize the ratio of the back-emf of a machine that is controllable by BFE. This irregularly shaped air-gap makes a flux barrier along the d-axis flux path and decreases the d-axis inductance; as a result, the reluctance torque of the machine is much higher than a uniform air-gap machine, and so is the output torque. Also, the machine achieves a higher ratio of the magnitude of controllable back-emf. The determination of the slanted shape was performed by using magnetic equivalent circuit analysis and finite element analysis (FEA).
Tolbert, Leon M [ORNL; Lee, Seong T [ORNL
Magnetic Braiding and Parallel Electric Fields
The braiding of the solar coronal magnetic field via photospheric motions - with subsequent relaxation and magnetic reconnection -- is one of the most widely debated ideas of solar physics. We readdress the theory in the light of developments in three-dimensional magnetic reconnection theory. It is known that the integrated parallel electric field along field lines is the key quantity determining the rate of reconnection, in contrast with the two-dimensional case where the electric field itself is the important quantity. We demonstrate that this difference becomes crucial for sufficiently complex magnetic field structures. A numerical method is used to relax a braided magnetic field to an ideal force-free equilibrium; that equilibrium is found to be smooth, with only large- scale current structures. However, the equilibrium is shown to have a highly filamentary integrated parallel current structure with extremely short length- scales. An analytical model is developed to show that, in a coronal situation, the length scales associated with the integrated parallel current structures will rapidly decrease with increasing complexity, or degree of braiding, of the magnetic field. Analysis shows the decrease in these length scales will, for any finite resistivity, eventually become inconsistent with the stability of a force- free field. Thus the inevitable consequence of the magnetic braiding process is shown to be a loss of equilibrium of the coronal field, probably via magnetic reconnection events.
A. L. Wilmot-Smith; G. Hornig; D. I. Pontin
Graphene Nanoribbon in Sharply Localized Magnetic Fields
We study the effect of a sharply localized magnetic field on the electron transport in a strip (ribbon) of graphene sheet, which allows to give results for the transmission and reflection probability through magnetic barriers. The magnetic field is taken as a single and double delta type localized functions, which are treated later as the zero width limit of gaussian fields. For both field configurations, we evaluate analytically and numerically their transmission and reflection coefficients. The possibility of spacial confinement due to the inhomogeneous field configuration is also investigated.
Abdulaziz D. Alhaidari; Hocine Bahlouli; Abderrahim El Mouhafid; Ahmed Jellal
Spatial energy spectrum of primordial magnetic fields
Here, we analyze the primordial magnetic field transition between a radiative and a matter-dominated universe. The gravitational structure formation affects its evolution and energy spectrum. The structure excitation can trigger magnetic field amplification and the steepening of its energy density spectrum.
Grazyna Siemieniec-Ozieblo
Permanent magnet edge-field quadrupole
Planar permanent magnet edge-field quadrupoles for use in particle accelerating machines and in insertion devices designed to generate spontaneous or coherent radiation from moving charged particles are disclosed. The invention comprises four magnetized rectangular pieces of permanent magnet material with substantially similar dimensions arranged into two planar arrays situated to generate a field with a substantially dominant quadrupole component in regions close to the device axis.
Tatchyn, Roman O. (Mountain View, CA)
16,000-rpm Interior Permanent Magnet Reluctance Machine with Brushless Field Excitation
The reluctance interior permanent magnet (RIPM) motor is currently used by many leading auto manufacturers for hybrid vehicles. The power density for this type of motor is high compared with that of induction motors and switched reluctance motors. The primary drawback of the RIPM motor is the permanent magnet (PM) because during high-speed operation, the fixed PM produces a huge back electromotive force (emf) that must be reduced before the current will pass through the stator windings. This reduction in back-emf is accomplished with a significant direct-axis (d-axis) demagnetization current, which opposes the PM's flux to reduce the flux seen by the stator wires. This may lower the power factor and efficiency of the motor and raise the requirement on the alternate current (ac) power supply; consequently, bigger inverter switching components, thicker motor winding conductors, and heavier cables are required. The direct current (dc) link capacitor is also affected when it must accommodate heavier harmonic currents. It is commonly agreed that, for synchronous machines, the power factor can be optimized by varying the field excitation to minimize the current. The field produced by the PM is fixed and cannot be adjusted. What can be adjusted is reactive current to the d-axis of the stator winding, which consumes reactive power but does not always help to improve the power factor. The objective of this project is to avoid the primary drawbacks of the RIPM motor by introducing brushless field excitation (BFE). This offers both high torque per ampere (A) per core length at low speed by using flux, which is enhanced by increasing current to a fixed excitation coil, and flux, which is weakened at high speed by reducing current to the excitation coil. If field weakening is used, the dc/dc boost converter used in a conventional RIPM motor may be eliminated to reduce system costs. However, BFE supports a drive system with a dc/dc boost converter, because it can further extend the constant power speed range of the drive system and adjust the field for power factor and efficiency gains. Lower core losses at low torque regions, especially at high speeds, are attained by reducing the field excitation. Safety and reliability are increased by weakening the field when a winding short-circuit fault occurs, preventing damage to the motor. For a high-speed motor operating at 16,000-revolutions per minute (rpm), mechanical stress is a challenge. Bridges that link the rotor punching segments together must be thickened for mechanical integrity; consequently, increased rotor flux leakage significantly lowers motor performance. This barrier can be overcome by BFE to ensure sufficient rotor flux when needed.
Hsu, J.S.; Burress, T.A.; Lee, S.T.; Wiles, R.H.; Coomer, C.L.; McKeever, J.W.; Adams, D.J.
Meson Spectrum in Strong Magnetic Fields
We study the relativistic quark-antiquark system embedded in magnetic field. The Hamiltonian containing confinement, one gluon exchange and spin-spin interaction is derived. We analytically follow the evolution of the lowest meson states as a functions of MF strength. Calculating the one gluon exchange interaction energy and spin-spin contribution we have observed, that these corrections remain finite at large magnetic fields, preventing the vanishing of the total rho-meson mass at some B_crit, as previously thought. We display the rho masses as functions of magnetic field in comparison with recent lattice data.
M. A. Andreichikov; B. O. Kerbikov; V. D. Orlovsky; Yu. A. Simonov
On Color Superconductivity in External Magnetic Field
We study color superconductivity in external magnetic field. We discuss the reason why the mixing angles in color-flavor locked (CFL) and two-flavor superconductivity (2SC) phases are different despite the fact that the CFL gap goes to the 2SC gap for $m_s \\to \\infty$. Although flavor symmetry is explicitly broken in external magnetic field, we show that all values of gaps in their coset spaces of possible solutions in the CFL phase are equivalent in external magnetic field.
E. V. Gorbar
In this paper, the effects of magnetic field gradient (i.e., the magnetic field transition layer effects) on the Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) with continuous magnetic field and density profiles are investigated analytically. The transition layers of magnetic field and density with two different typical profiles are studied and the analytic expressions of the linear growth rate of the RTI are obtained. It is found that the magnetic field effects strongly reduce the linear growth rate of the RTI, especially when the perturbation wavelength is short. The linear growth rate of the RTI increases with the thickness of the magnetic field transition layer, especially for the case of small thickness of the magnetic field transition layer. When the magnetic field transition layer width is long enough, the linear growth rate of the RTI can be saturated. Thus when one increases the width of the magnetic field transition layer, the linear growth rate of the RTI increases only in a certain range, which depends on the magnetic field strength. The numerical results are compared with the analytic linear growth rates and they agree well with each other.
Yang, B. L. [Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100088 (China); Wang, L. F.; Ye, W. H. [HEDPS and CAPT, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); LCP, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088 (China); Xue, C. [LCP, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088 (China)
Magnetic Field Measurements and Analysis For an Aladdin Dipole Magnet
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Field Measurements and Analysis Field Measurements and Analysis For an Aladdin Dipole Magnet by Kenneth M. Thompson Electromagnetic Technology Program Argonne National Laboratory Argonne, 1L 60439 L8-40 November 21, 1985 Table of Contents Summary i A. Introduction *..*.**.***.....****...**.*..*...*..***.......*..... 1 1. Magnet Description 2. Measuring System 3. Data Descriptions 1 1 3 B. Equipment **********************.***.******.*************..******* 5 1. Probe Positioning System a. Description b. Calibration 2. Field Probe a. Calibration b. Probe Center 1. Method 2. Repeatability c. Hall Gaussmeter Parameters 3. Auxiliary Probes 4. Optical Alignment Equipment 5. Power Supply 6. Magnet Cooling Water System 7. Support a. Magnet b. Manipulator 5 5 7 7 8 9 9 9 10 10 13 13
Lunar magnetic field measurements with a cubesat
We have developed a mission concept that uses 3-unit cubesats to perform new measurements of lunar magnetic fields, less than 100 meters above the Moon's surface. The mission calls for sending the cubesats on impact ...
Garrick-Bethell, Ian
Effects of Magnetic Field on Micro Flames.
??The effect of a gradient magnetic field on a diffusion micro flame i.e. C3H8/air flame has been systematically studied to comprehend their interaction. A non-uniform… (more)
Swaminathan, Sumathi
Magnetic Fields from Electrical Appliances and Devices
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A major emphasis of research addressing potential health effects associated with power-frequency magnetic fields has been on assessing exposure to magnetic fields attributable to loads and their associated ground currents flowing on electrical transmission and distribution systems. Though these exposures can vary widely both over time and among residences, they are nonetheless present virtually all of the time. These exposures have remained a focus of attention for the scientific community largely becaus...
Magnetic field transfer device and method
A magnetic field transfer device includes a pair of oppositely wound inner coils which each include at least one winding around an inner coil axis, and an outer coil which includes at least one winding around an outer coil axis. The windings may be formed of superconductors. The axes of the two inner coils are parallel and laterally spaced from each other so that the inner coils are positioned in side-by-side relation. The outer coil is outwardly positioned from the inner coils and rotatable relative to the inner coils about a rotational axis substantially perpendicular to the inner coil axes to generate a hypothetical surface which substantially encloses the inner coils. The outer coil rotates relative to the inner coils between a first position in which the outer coil axis is substantially parallel to the inner coil axes and the outer coil augments the magnetic field formed in one of the inner coils, and a second position 180[degree] from the first position, in which the augmented magnetic field is transferred into the other inner coil and reoriented 180[degree] from the original magnetic field. The magnetic field transfer device allows a magnetic field to be transferred between volumes with negligible work being required to rotate the outer coil with respect to the inner coils. 16 figs.
Wipf, S.L.
Laminated magnet field coil sheath
A method for manufacturing a magnetic cable trim coil in a sheath assembly for use in a cryogenic particle accelerator. A precisely positioned pattern of trim coil turns is bonded to a flexible substrate sheath that is capable of withstanding cryogenic operating conditions. In the method of the invention the flexible substrate sheath, with the trim coil pattern precisely location relative to a bore tube assembly of an accelerator and is then bonded to the bore tube with a tape suitable for cryogenic application. The resultant assembly can be readily handled and installed within an iron magnet yoke assembly of a suitable cryogenic particle accelerator. 1 fig.
Skaritka, J.R.
The EMF measurement data sets in existence today were compiled with varying goals and techniques. Consequently, they have different information content as well as varying logical and physical structure. Future studies will continue to pursue varying goals and utilize techniques that cannot be known in advance. Primary goals for the EMF Measurements Database developed under the Department of Energy EMF RAPID Program are to develop a database structure that can accommodate the diversity of EMF data sets, provide guidance for production of future EMF data sets, and serve as an accessible repository of EMF measurement data. Specific objectives of the EMF Measurements Database are: o to preserve study descriptions, results and data; o to provide readily accessible, well-documented data; and o to facilitate communication among researchers. In addition, the EMF Measurements Database will encourage additional analysis of existing data sets, facilitate analysis of data from multiple projects, support design of new studies, and permit future issues in EMF exposure assessment to be addressed with existing data. Preservation of study descriptions and data is accomplished with a formal, but open, structure. Specifications have been developed for the various elements of the database. Each data set in the database is formally described by a metadata file. The structured metadata file describes the origin, development, logical and physical structure and distribution mechanism for each data set. The metadata for each data set is generated according to a specification developed for the EMF Measurements Database. The actual measurement data is contained in data Products for each data set. The number and type of data product will vary by data set. Most of the data products in the possession of the EMF Measurements Database are available for download from an Internet site. For some data sets, the data products will be maintained by other parties who may have their own access procedures. In addition, data set contributors or users can provide reports that describe results of the study and analysis of the data with text and figures. Guidelines have been developed for preparation of reports. Access to the EMF Measurements Database is provided via an Internet site (http://www.emf-data. erg). The site provides descriptive information in a home page, . . access to data products with a file transfer protocol (ftp) address, and links to other EMF-related sites.
T. Dan Bracken, Inc.
Magnetic Fields in Stellar Astrophysics
This is a white paper submitted to the Stars and Stellar Evolution (SSE) Science Frontier Panel (SFP) of the NRC's 2010 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal Survey. The white paper is endorsed by the NSF Physics Frontier Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas (CMSO).
Uzdensky, Dmitri; Ji, Hantao; Townsend, Richard; Yamada, Masaaki
(World Scientific, to be published) The new NHMFL 60T quasi-continuous magnet produces a flat-top field for a period of 100 ms at 60 Tesla, and for longer time at lower fields, e.g. 0.5 s at 35 Tesla. We have developed for the first time the capability to measure heat capacity at very high magnetic fields in the NHMFL 60T quasi-continuous magnet at LANL, using a probe built out of various plastic materials. The field plateau allows us to utilize a heat-pulse method to obtain heat capacity data. Proof-of-principle heat capacity experiments were performed on a variety of correlated electron systems. Both magnet performance characteristics and physical properties of various materials studied hold out a promise of wide application of this new tool. 1 I. TECHNIQUE The 60 Tesla Long-Pulse (60TLP) magnet was recently commissioned at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. This magnet produces a flat-top field for a period of 100 ms at 60
M. Jaime; R. Movshovich; J. L. Sarrao; J. Kim; G. Stewart; W. P. Beyermann
Magnetic nanoparticles for applications in oscillating magnetic field
Enzymatic and thermochemical catalysis are both important industrial processes. However, the thermal requirements for each process often render them mutually exclusive: thermochemical catalysis requires high temperature that denatures enzymes. One of the long-term goals of this project is to design a thermocatalytic system that could be used with enzymatic systems in situ to catalyze reaction sequences in one pot; this system would be useful for numerous applications e.g. conversion of biomass to biofuel and other commodity products. The desired thermocatalytic system would need to supply enough thermal energy to catalyze thermochemical reactions, while keeping the enzymes from high temperature denaturation. Magnetic nanoparticles are known to generate heat in an oscillating magnetic field through mechanisms including hysteresis and relaxational losses. We envisioned using these magnetic nanoparticles as the local heat source embedded in sub-micron size mesoporous support to spatially separate the particles from the enzymes. In this study, we set out to find the magnetic materials and instrumental conditions that are sufficient for this purpose. Magnetite was chosen as the first model magnetic material in this study because of its high magnetization values, synthetic control over particle size, shape, functionalization and proven biocompatibility. Our experimental designs were guided by a series of theoretical calculations, which provided clues to the effects of particle size, size distribution, magnetic field, frequency and reaction medium. Materials of theoretically optimal size were synthesized, functionalized, and their effects in the oscillating magnetic field were subsequently investigated. Under our conditions, the materials that clustered e.g. silica-coated and PNIPAM-coated iron oxides exhibited the highest heat generation, while iron oxides embedded in MSNs and mesoporous iron oxides exhibited the least bulk heating. It is worth noting that the specific loss power of PNIPAM-coated Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} was peculiarly high, and the heat loss mechanism of this material remains to be elucidated. Since thermocatalysis is a long-term goal of this project, we also investigated the effects of the oscillating magnetic field system for the synthesis of 7-hydroxycoumarin-3-carboxylic acid. Application of an oscillating magnetic field in the presence of magnetic particles with high thermal response was found to effectively increase the reaction rate of the uncatalyzed synthesis of the coumarin derivative compared to the room temperature control.
Peeraphatdit, Chorthip
Critical Magnetic Field Determination of Superconducting Materials
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Superconducting RF technology is becoming more and more important. With some recent cavity test results showing close to or even higher than the critical magnetic field of 170-180 mT that had been considered a limit, it is very important to develop a way to correctly measure the critical magnetic field (H{sup RF}{sub c}) of superconductors in the RF regime. Using a 11.4 GHz, 50-MW, electric field at the sample surface. A model of the system is presented in this paper along with a discussion of preliminary experimental data.
Canabal, A.; Tajima, T.; /Los Alamos; Dolgashev, V.A.; Tantawi, S.G.; /SLAC; Yamamoto, T.; /Tsukuba, Natl. Res. Lab. Metrol.
Joint HVAC transmission EMF environmental study
This document describes the rationale, procedures, and results of a carefully controlled study conducted to establish whether chronic exposure of female (ewe) Suffolk lambs to the environment of a 500-kV 60-Hz transmission line would affect various characteristics of growth, endocrine function, and reproductive development. This experiment used identical housing and management schemes for control and line-exposed ewes, thus minimizing these factors as contributors to between-group experimental error. Further, throughout the 10-month duration of this study, changes in electric and magnetic fields, audible noise, and weather conditions were monitored continuously by a computerized system. Such measurements provided the opportunity to identify any relationship between environmental factors and biological responses. Because of reports in the literature that electric and magnetic fields alter concentrations of melatonin in laboratory animals, the primary objective of this study was to ascertain whether a similar effect occurs in lambs exposed to a 500-kV a-c line in a natural setting. In addition, onset of puberty, changes in body weight, wool growth, and behavior were monitored. To determine whether the environment of a 500-kV line caused stress in the study animals, serum levels of cortisol were measured. The study was conducted at Bonneville Power Administration's Ostrander Substation near Estacada, Oregon.
Stormshak, F.; Thompson, J. (Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States))
Joint HVAC transmission EMF environmental study
This document describes the rationale, procedures, and results of a carefully controlled study conducted to establish whether chronic exposure of female (ewe) Suffolk lambs to the environment of a 500-kV 60-Hz transmission line would affect various characteristics of growth, endocrine function, and reproductive development. This experiment used identical housing and management schemes for control and line-exposed ewes, thus minimizing these factors as contributors to between-group experimental error. Further, throughout the 10-month duration of this study, changes in electric and magnetic fields, audible noise, and weather conditions were monitored continuously by a computerized system. Such measurements provided the opportunity to identify any relationship between environmental factors and biological responses. Because of reports in the literature that electric and magnetic fields alter concentrations of melatonin in laboratory animals, the primary objective of this study was to ascertain whether a similar effect occurs in lambs exposed to a 500-kV a-c line in a natural setting. In addition, onset of puberty, changes in body weight, wool growth, and behavior were monitored. To determine whether the environment of a 500-kV line caused stress in the study animals, serum levels of cortisol were measured. The study was conducted at Bonneville Power Administration's Ostrander Substation near Estacada, Oregon.
Stormshak, F.; Thompson, J. (Oregon State Univ., Corvallis, OR (United States))
We study the evolution of QCD phase transition-generated magnetic fields (MFs) in freely decaying MHD turbulence of the expanding universe. We consider an MF generation model that starts from basic non-perturbative QCD theory and predicts stochastic MFs with an amplitude of the order of 0.02 {mu}G and small magnetic helicity. We employ direct numerical simulations to model the MHD turbulence decay and identify two different regimes: a 'weakly helical' turbulence regime, when magnetic helicity increases during decay, and 'fully helical' turbulence, when maximal magnetic helicity is reached and an inverse cascade develops. The results of our analysis show that in the most optimistic scenario the magnetic correlation length in the comoving frame can reach 10 kpc with the amplitude of the effective MF being 0.007 nG. We demonstrate that the considered model of magnetogenesis can provide the seed MF for galaxies and clusters.
Tevzadze, Alexander G. [Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 1 Chavchavadze Avenue, Tbilisi 0128 (Georgia); Kisslinger, Leonard; Kahniashvili, Tina [McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Brandenburg, Axel, E-mail: email@example.com [Nordita, KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Stockholm University, Roslagstullsbacken 23, SE-10691 Stockholm (Sweden)
Photon Redshift in a Magnetic field
Previous results from the authors concerning the arising a tiny photon anomalous paramagnetic moment are also interpreted as a red-shift in analogy to the gravitational known effect. It is due to the photon interaction with the magnetized virtual electron-positron background which withdraw transverse momentum from photons and is polarization-dependent. If the photon frequency red-shift implies a change in time, a clock would go faster for increasing magnetic field intensity.
Rojas, H Pérez
Bound states in a strong magnetic field
We expect a strong magnetic field to be produced in the perpendicular direction to the reaction plane, in a noncentral heavy-ion collision . The strength of the magnetic field is estimated to be eB{approx}m{sup 2}{sub {pi}}{approx} 0.02 GeV{sup 2} at the RHIC and eB{approx} 15m{sup 2}{sub {pi}}{approx} 0.3 GeV{sup 2} at the LHC. We investigate the effects of the magnetic field on B{sup 0} and D{sup 0} mesons, focusing on the changes of the energy levels and of the mass of the bound states.
Machado, C. S.; Navarra, F. S.; Noronha, J.; Oliveira, E. G. [Instituto de Fisica, Universidade de Sao Paulo Rua do Matao, Travessa R, 187, 05508-090 Sao Paulo, SP (Brazil); Ferreira Filho, L. G. [Departamento de Matematica e Computacao, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rodovia Presidente Dutra, km 298, Polo Industrial, CEP 27537-000, Resende, RJ (Brazil)
Cluster magnetic fields from active galactic nuclei
Active galactic nuclei (AGN) found at the centers of clusters of galaxies are a possible source for weak cluster-wide magnetic fields. To evaluate this scenario, we present 3D adaptive mesh refinement MHD simulations of a cool-core cluster that include injection of kinetic, thermal, and magnetic energy via an AGN-powered jet. Using the MHD solver in FLASH 2, we compare several sub-resolution approaches that link the estimated accretion rate as measured on the simulation mesh to the accretion rate onto the central black hole and the resulting feedback. We examine the effects of magnetized outflows on the accretion history of the black hole and discuss the ability of these models to magnetize the cluster medium.
Sutter, P M; Yang, H -Y
Quadratic helicities and the energy of magnetic fields
Two non-local asymptotic invariants of magnetic fields for the ideal magnetohydrodynamics are introduced. The velocity of variation of the invariants for a non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics with a small magnetic dissipation is estimated. By means of the invariants the spectra of electromagnetic fields are investigated. A possible role of higher magnetic helicities during a relaxation of magnetic fields is discussed.
Petr M. Akhmet'ev
Quadratic helicities and the energy of magnetic fields
Two non-local asymptotic invariants of magnetic fields for the ideal magnetohydrodynamics are introduced. The velocity of variation of the invariants for a non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics with a small magnetic dissipation is estimated. By means of the invariants the spectra of electromagnetic fields are investigated. A possible role of higher magnetic helicities during a relaxation of magnetic fields is discussed.
Akhmet'ev, Petr M
Evolution of primordial magnetic fields in mean-field approximation
We study the evolution of phase-transition-generated cosmic magnetic fields coupled to the primeval cosmic plasma in turbulent and viscous free-streaming regimes. The evolution laws for the magnetic energy density and correlation length, both in helical and non-helical cases, are found by solving the autoinduction and Navier-Stokes equations in mean-field approximation. Analytical results are derived in Minkowski spacetime and then extended to the case of a Friedmann universe with zero spatial curvature, both in radiation and matter dominated eras. The three possible viscous free-streaming phases are characterized by a drag term in the Navier-Stokes equation which depends on the free-steaming properties of neutrinos, photons, or hydrogen atoms, respectively. In the case of non-helical magnetic fields, the magnetic intensity $B$ and the magnetic correlation length $\\xi_B$ evolve asymptotically with the temperature $T$ as $B(T) \\simeq \\kappa_B (N_i v_i)^{\\varrho_1} (T/T_i)^{\\varrho_2}$ and $\\xi_B(T) \\simeq \\kap...
Campanelli, Leonardo
Strain sensors for high field pulse magnets
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this paper we present an investigation into several strain sensing technologies that are being considered to monitor mechanical deformation within the steel reinforcement shells used in high field pulsed magnets. Such systems generally operate at cryogenic temperatures to mitigate heating issues that are inherent in the coils of nondestructive, high field pulsed magnets. The objective of this preliminary study is to characterize the performance of various strain sensing technologies at liquid nitrogen temperatures (-196 C). Four sensor types are considered in this investigation: fiber Bragg gratings (FBG), resistive foil strain gauges (RFSG), piezoelectric polymers (PVDF), and piezoceramics (PZT). Three operational conditions are considered for each sensor: bond integrity, sensitivity as a function of temperature, and thermal cycling effects. Several experiments were conducted as part of this study, investigating adhesion with various substrate materials (stainless steel, aluminum, and carbon fiber), sensitivity to static (FBG and RFSG) and dynamic (RFSG, PVDF and PZT) load conditions, and sensor diagnostics using PZT sensors. This work has been conducted in collaboration with the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), and the results of this study will be used to identify the set of sensing technologies that would be best suited for integration within high field pulsed magnets at the NHMFL facility.
Martinez, Christian [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Zheng, Yan [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Easton, Daniel [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farinholt, Kevin M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Gyuhae [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Absolute magnetic helicity and the cylindrical magnetic field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The different magnetic helicities conserved under conditions of perfect electrical conductivity are expressions of the fundamental property that every evolving fluid surface conserves its net magnetic flux. This basic hydromagnetic point unifies the well known Eulerian helicities with the Lagrangian helicity defined by the conserved fluxes frozen into a prescribed set of disjoint toroidal tubes of fluid flowing as a permanent partition of the entire fluid [B. C. Low, Astrophys. J. 649, 1064 (2006)]. This unifying theory is constructed from first principles, beginning with an analysis of the Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of fluids, separating the ideas of fluid and magnetic-flux tubes and removing the complication of the magnetic vector potential's free gauge from the concept of helicity. The analysis prepares for the construction of a conserved Eulerian helicity, without that gauge complication, to describe a 3D anchored flux in an upright cylindrical domain, this helicity called absolute to distinguish it from the well known relative helicity. In a version of the Chandrasekhar-Kendall representation, the evolving field at any instant is a unique superposition of a writhed, untwisted axial flux with a circulating flux of field lines all closed and unlinked within the cylindrical domain. The absolute helicity is then a flux-weighted sum of the writhe of that axial flux and its mutual linkage with the circulating flux. The absolute helicity is also conserved if the frozen-in field and its domain are continuously deformed by changing the separation between the rigid cylinder-ends with no change of cylinder radius. This hitherto intractable cylindrical construction closes a crucial conceptual gap for the fundamentals to be complete at last. The concluding discussion shows the impact of this development on our understanding of helicity, covering (i) the helicities of wholly contained and anchored fields; (ii) the Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions of field evolution; (iii) twist as a topological property of solenoidal fields versus the linkage properties of open and closed discrete curves treated by Gauss, Caligarneau, Berger, and Prior; and (iv) the change of absolute helicity by resistive diffusion. These are important hydromagnetic properties of twisted magnetic fields in the million-degree hot, highly conducting corona of the Sun.
Low, B. C. [High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado 80307 (United States)
Non-Employee Static Magnetic Field Questionnaire
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Occupational Medicine Clinic (OMC) Occupational Medicine Clinic (OMC) Medical Questionnaire for non-BSA Workers/Students who may enter STATIC MAGNETIC FIELDS NAME:_________________ Extension__________ BNL Badge #:_____________ BNL Supervisor_____________ INSTRUCTIONS TO BSA SUPERVISOR or PRECEPTOR: Please print this form and give it to the (non-BSA employee) worker or student for completion. This individual should not give you the completed form, but should instead mail or fax it to OMC. INSTRUCTIONS TO WORKER or STUDENT: The purpose of this questionnaire is to provide the OMC physician at BNL with information about any medical devices or conditions you may have that might affect your ability to safely enter a strong magnetic field, in order to determine whether you can be medically cleared to enter such a field.
Magnetic Fields in Population III Star Formation
We study the buildup of magnetic fields during the formation of Population III star-forming regions, by conducting cosmological simulations from realistic initial conditions and varying the Jeans resolution. To investigate this in detail, we start simulations from identical initial conditions, mandating 16, 32 and 64 zones per Jeans length, and studied the variation in their magnetic field amplification. We find that, while compression results in some amplification, turbulent velocity fluctuations driven by the collapse can further amplify an initially weak seed field via dynamo action, provided there is sufficient numerical resolution to capture vortical motions (we find this requirement to be 64 zones per Jeans length, slightly larger than, but consistent with previous work run with more idealized collapse scenarios). We explore saturation of amplification of the magnetic field, which could potentially become dynamically important in subsequent, fully-resolved calculations. We have also identified a relatively surprising phenomena that is purely hydrodynamic: the higher-resolved simulations possess substantially different characteristics, including higher infall-velocity, increased temperatures inside 1000 AU, and decreased molecular hydrogen content in the innermost region. Furthermore, we find that disk formation is suppressed in higher-resolution calculations, at least at the times that we can follow the calculation. We discuss the effect this may have on the buildup of disks over the accretion history of the first clump to form as well as the potential for gravitational instabilities to develop and induce fragmentation.
Turk, Matthew J.; Oishi, Jeffrey S.; Abel, Tom; Bryan, Greg
Characterization of Magnetic Fields from Power Distribution Transformers
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report describes a measurement study that was performed to characterize magnetic fields from power distribution transformers. The purpose of the study was to evaluate magnetic field attenuation rates of various sizes of transformers.
Attenuation of a magnetic field by a superconductor
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Observation of magnetic ac field penetration through superconducting tin films has led to the discovery of a 180° phase shift between the magnetic fields on either side of the film under favorable conditions. This result has so far been published ...
K. E. Drangeid; R. Sommerhalder; H. Müller; H. Seitz
magnets to the magnetic energy stored within that magnet.the sample have stored magnetic energies as low as 3.3 M J (plotted against stored energy and magnetic field time field
Green, M.A.
Project title: EMF Remodel Requested By: Scotty Brown
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
EMF Remodel EMF Remodel Requested By: Scotty Brown Date Submitted: 811112011 Dcscl"iption of the Pl'Ojcct: Purpose and Need Mail Code: N5540 Phone: 916-353-4539 Date Required: 8116/2011 The Elverta Maintenance Facility (EMF), as currently designed and built, has run out of adequate space to accommodate Western's parking needs for maintenance vehicles and overall workshop space for materials and required equipment. An expanded, renovated and remodeled facility, with a larger parking garage and workshop area(s), will enable Western to maintain its vehicle fleet to the required standards and provide additional workshop space to accommodate the equipment, tools, and materials necessary to construct and maintain Western's electrical transmission system and related facilities.
Pilot Study of Nonresidential Power Frequency Magnetic Fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
EPRI has initiated several research projects to investigate magnetic field levels, their characteristics, and their sources. This report describes nonresidential magnetic field measurement protocols and instrumentation that can be used to identify and measure magnetic field sources in a variety of settings, including schools, offices, and electric utility facilities.
Fluorescent lamp with static magnetic field generating means
A fluorescent lamp wherein magnetic field generating means (e.g., permanent magnets) are utilized to generate a static magnetic field across the respective electrode structures of the lamp such that maximum field strength is located at the electrode's filament. An increase in efficacy during operation has been observed.
Moskowitz, Philip E. (Peabody, MA); Maya, Jakob (Brookline, MA)
Fluorescent lamp with static magnetic field generating means
A fluorescent lamp wherein magnetic field generating means (e.g., permanent magnets) are utilized to generate a static magnetic field across the respective electrode structures of the lamp such that maximum field strength is located at the electrode's filament. An increase in efficacy during operation has been observed. 2 figs.
Moskowitz, P.E.; Maya, J.
Parity of the Solar Magnetic Fields and Related Astrophysical Phenomena
The cumulative contribution of odd (Bo) and even (BE) parity zonal magnetic multipoles to the solar magnetic fields is calculated using spherical harmonic coefficients of the photospheric magnetic field for the years 1959-1985. The dominant parity of the solar magnetic field is shown to change from odd to even during every sunspot cycle. The association of variations of Bo and BE with different astrophysical phenomena such as magnetic reversal of solar polar magnetic fields, north-south asymmetry in sunspot activity and strength of the interplanetary magnetic field will be also discussed. Using solar observations we could infer that dominant parity of the solar magnetic field is changing from even to odd during the past 12 solar cycles when the solar activity is showing an increasing trend during this period.
G. Gopkumar; T. E. Girish
Parity of the Solar Magnetic Fields and Related Astrophysical Phenomena
The cumulative contribution of odd (Bo) and even (BE) parity zonal magnetic multipoles to the solar magnetic fields is calculated using spherical harmonic coefficients of the photospheric magnetic field for the years 1959-1985. The dominant parity of the solar magnetic field is shown to change from odd to even during every sunspot cycle. The association of variations of Bo and BE with different astrophysical phenomena such as magnetic reversal of solar polar magnetic fields, north-south asymmetry in sunspot activity and strength of the interplanetary magnetic field will be also discussed. Using solar observations we could infer that dominant parity of the solar magnetic field is changing from even to odd during the past 12 solar cycles when the solar activity is showing an increasing trend during this period.
Gopkumar, G
A multiparameter magnetic inspection system is disclosed for providing an efficient and economical way to derive a plurality of independent measurements regarding magnetic properties of the magnetic material under investigation. The plurality of transducers for a plurality of different types of measurements operatively connected to the specimen. The transducers are in turn connected to analytical circuits for converting transducer signals to meaningful measurement signals of the magnetic properties of the specimen. The measurement signals are processed and can be simultaneously communicated to a control component. The measurement signals can also be selectively plotted against one another. The control component operates the functioning of the analytical circuits and operates and controls components to impose magnetic fields of desired characteristics upon the specimen. The system therefore allows contemporaneous or simultaneous derivation of the plurality of different independent magnetic properties of the material which can then be processed to derive characteristics of the material. 1 figure.
Jiles, D.C.
Numerical simulation of graphene in external magnetic field
In this paper the results of numerical simulation of monolayer graphene in external magnetic field are presented. The numerical simulation is performed in the effective lattice field theory with noncompact $3 + 1$-dimensional Abelian lattice gauge fields and $2 + 1$-dimensional staggered lattice fermions. The dependences of fermion condensate and graphene conductivity on the dielectric permittivity of substrate for different values of external magnetic field are calculated. It is found that magnetic field shifts insulator-semimetal phase transition to larger values of the dielectric permittivity of substrate. The phase diagram of graphene in external magnetic field is drawn.
D. L. Boyda; V. V. Braguta; S. N. Valgushev; M. I. Polikarpov; M. V. Ulybyshev
Electric and Magnetic Field Exposure During Live Line Work
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
An employee performing work on a transmission line while that line is energized is subjected to the local electric and magnetic fields produced by the voltage and current on the line. The electric field can result in spark discharges, contact currents, and stimulation of the body hair with attendant annoyance. Magnetic fields do not result in shock phenomena, but have become of concern to some people with regard to alleged health effects. Magnetic field shielding is not practical for live line ...
been issued by the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation (ICNIRP, 2009), which internal shielding, which reduces the strength of the magnetic field outside of the instrument. Strong, the hazards associated with cryogenic liquids are of concern, as well. The health effects of exposure
Shull, Kenneth R.
Solar winds along curved magnetic field lines
Both remote-sensing measurements using the interplanetary scintillation (IPS) technique and in situ measurements by the Ulysses spacecraft show a bimodal structure for the solar wind at solar minimum conditions. At present what makes the fast wind fast and the slow wind slow still remains to be answered. While a robust empirical correlation exists between the coronal expansion rate $f_c$ of the flow tubes and the speeds $v$ measured in situ, further data analysis suggests that $v$ depends on more than just $f_c$. We examine whether the non-radial shape of field lines, which naturally accompanies any non-radial expansion, could be an additional geometrical factor. We solved the transport equations incorporating the heating due to turbulent Alfv\\'en waves for an electron-proton solar wind along curved field lines given by an analytical magnetic field model, representative of a solar minimum corona. The field line shape is found to influence substantially the solar wind parameters, reducing the asymptotic speed ...
Li, Bo; Chen, Yao
Fermilab | Recovery Act | High-field superconducting magnets
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
may allow scientists to create high-field superconducting magnets that could exceed 50 Tesla, or more than twice the strength of existing magnets. In the project's first phase,...
Paramagnetic spin-up of a field reversed configuration with rotating magnetic field current drive.
??A transverse Rotating Magnetic Field (RMF) can drive toroidal current and sustain the poloidal flux of a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) through the application of… (more)
Peter, Andrew Maxwell
Polarization bispectrum for measuring primordial magnetic fields
We examine the potential of polarization bispectra of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) to constrain primordial magnetic fields (PMFs). We compute all possible bispectra between temperature and polarization anisotropies sourced by PMFs and show that they are weakly correlated with well-known local-type and secondary ISW-lensing bispectra. From a Fisher analysis it is found that, owing to E-mode bispectra, in a cosmic-variance-limited experiment the expected uncertainty in the amplitude of magnetized bispectra is 80% improved in comparison with an analysis in terms of temperature auto-bispectrum alone. In the $\\mathit{Planck}$ or the proposed PRISM experiment cases, we will be able to measure PMFs with strength 2.6 or 2.2 nG. PMFs also generate bispectra involving B-mode polarization, due to tensor-mode dependence. We also find that the B-mode bispectrum can reduce the uncertainty more drastically and hence PMFs comparable to or less than 1 nG may be measured in a PRISM-like experiment.
Maresuke Shiraishi
Diffusion Processes in Turbulent Magnetic Fields
We study of the effect of turbulence on diffusion processes within magnetized medium. While we exemplify our treatment with heat transfer processes, our results are quite general and are applicable to different processes, e.g. diffusion of heavy elements. Our treatment is also applicable to describing the diffusion of cosmic rays arising from magnetic field wandering. In particular, we find that when the energy injection velocity is smaller than the Alfven speed the heat transfer is partially suppressed, while in the opposite regime the effects of turbulence depend on the intensity of driving. In fact, the scale $l_A$ at which the turbulent velocity is equal the Alfven velocity is a new important parameter. When the electron mean free path $\\lambda$ is larger than $l_A$, the stronger the the turbulence, the lower thermal conductivity by electrons is. The turbulent motions, however, induces their own advective transport, that can provide effective diffusivity. For clusters of galaxies, we find that the turbulence is the most important agent for heat transfer. We also show that the domain of applicability of the subdiffusion concept is rather limited.
Alex Lazarian
Diffusion Processes in Turbulent Magnetic Fields
We study of the effect of turbulence on diffusion processes within magnetized medium. While we exemplify our treatment with heat transfer processes, our results are quite general and are applicable to different processes, e.g. diffusion of heavy elements. Our treatment is also applicable to describing the diffusion of cosmic rays arising from magnetic field wandering. In particular, we find that when the energy injection velocity is smaller than the Alfven speed the heat transfer is partially suppressed, while in the opposite regime the effects of turbulence depend on the intensity of driving. In fact, the scale $l_A$ at which the turbulent velocity is equal the Alfven velocity is a new important parameter. When the electron mean free path $\\lambda$ is larger than $l_A$, the stronger the the turbulence, the lower thermal conductivity by electrons is. The turbulent motions, however, induces their own advective transport, that can provide effective diffusivity. For clusters of galaxies, we find that the turbule...
Lazarian, Alex
Self-generated magnetic fields in q-distributed plasmas
A quasi-steady magnetic field can be generated with high-frequency electromagnetic radiation through wave-wave and wave-particle interactions in astrophysical plasmas and laser-produced plasmas. Nonlinear coupling equations of self-generated magnetic fields are obtained in nonextensive distribution frame, as a generalization for the standard Maxwellian distribution frame. The numerical results show that self-generated magnetic fields may collapse and lead to various turbulent patterns with different index q.
Li Dingguo [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047 (China); School of Nuclear Engineering and Technology, East China Institute of Technology, Fuzhou 344000 (China); Liu Sanqiu [School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047 (China); School of Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047 (China); Li Xiaoqing [School of Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047 (China)
Temperature compensated current sensor using reference magnetic field
A method is described to provide temperature compensation and self-calibration of a current sensor based on a plurality of magnetic field sensors positioned around a current carrying conductor. A reference magnetic field generated within the current sensor housing is detected by a separate but identical magnetic field sensor and is used to correct variations in the output signal due to temperature variations and aging.
Yakymyshyn, Christopher Paul (Seminole, FL); Brubaker, Michael Allen (Loveland, CO); Yakymyshyn, Pamela Jane (Seminole, FL)
Casimir Momentum of a Chiral Molecule in a Magnetic Field
In a classical description, a neutral, polarizable object acquires a kinetic momentum when exposed to crossed electric and magnetic fields. In the presence of only a magnetic field no such momentum exists classically, although it is symmetry-allowed for an object lacking mirror symmetry. We perform a full QED calculation to show that the quantum vacuum coupled to a chiral molecule provides a kinetic "Casimir" momentum directed along the magnetic field, proportional to its rotatory power and the fine structure constant.
Manuel Donaire; Bart van Tiggelen; Geert L. J. A. Rikken
Quantitative imaging of stray fields and magnetization distributions in hard magnetic element arrays
Quantitative imaging of stray fields and magnetization distributions in hard magnetic element with inverse magnetostatic methods. The method is applied to hard magnetic FePt and PrCo5 films which exhibit of thin hard magnetic elements. We show that by application of the MOIF technique and inverse
Johansen, Tom Henning
Quark-gluon plasma in an external magnetic field
Using numerical simulations of lattice QCD we calculate the effect of an external magnetic field on the equation of state of the quark-gluon plasma. The results are obtained using a Taylor expansion of the pressure with respect to the magnetic field for the first time. The coefficients of the expansion are computed to second order in the magnetic field. Our setup for the external magnetic field avoids complications arising from toroidal boundary conditions, making a Taylor series expansion straightforward. This study is exploratory and is meant to serve as a proof of principle.
L. Levkova; C. DeTar
Phase diagram of hot quark matter under magnetic field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
I review the computation of the phase diagram of hot quark matter in strong magnetic field, at zero baryon density, within an effective model of Quantum Chromodynamics.
Ruggieri, Marco [Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan)
Amplifying Magnetic Fields in High Energy Density Plasmas | U...
Office of Science (SC) Website
Amplifying Magnetic Fields in High Energy Density Plasmas Fusion Energy Sciences (FES) FES Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of FES Funding Opportunities...
Taking the Stress Out of Magnetic Field Detection
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images show sections of a continuous 400 ... that draw in external magnetic field lines and concentrate them ...
Coulomb law and energy levels in a superstrong magnetic field
Analytical expression for the Coulomb potential in the presence of superstrong magnetic field is derived. Structure of hydrogen levels originating from LLL is analyzed.
Vysotsky, M I
Resonance enhancement of nonsequential double ionization by a magnetic field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We investigate nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of helium by using an additional magnetic field parallel to the polarization of the laser pulse. By exploring the ability of a magnetic field for focusing the selected trajectories that contribute to the NSDI, we have found that the yield of NSDI, as a function of the magnetic-field strength, shows different behavior for different laser intensities. As a result, an additional magnetic field provides a way to identify that the NSDI mechanism of laser-assisted collision ionization begins to play an important role as the laser intensity increases.
Li Hongyun [Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Chen Jing; Liu Jie [Center for Nonlinear Studies, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088 (China); Jiang Hongbing; Gong Qihuang [Department of Physics, State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871 (China); Fu Panming; Wang Bingbing [Laboratory of Optical Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190 (China); Yan Zongchao [Department of Physics, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3 (Canada)
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Print Wednesday, 28 March 2007 00:00 In micrometer-sized magnetic thin films, the magnetization typically adopts an in-plane, circular configuration known as a magnetic vortex. At the vortex core, the magnetization turns sharply out of the plane, pointing either up or down. Magnetic data storage based on this binary phenomenon is an intriguing concept, but it would require the ability to flip the vortex cores on demand. Because these structures are highly stable, very strong magnetic fields of around half a tesla (approximately one-third the field of the strongest permanent magnet) were previously thought to be necessary to accomplish this. At the ALS, a team of researchers from Germany, Belgium, and the U.S. has used time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) to observe vortex motion and demonstrate the feasibility of using weak magnetic fields as low as 1.5 millitesla (mT) to reverse the direction of a vortex core. The observed switching mechanism, which can be understood within the framework of micromagnetic theory, gives insights into basic magnetization dynamics and their possible application to data storage technologies.
Observation of low magnetic field density peaks in helicon plasma
Single density peak has been commonly observed in low magnetic field (<100 G) helicon discharges. In this paper, we report the observations of multiple density peaks in low magnetic field (<100 G) helicon discharges produced in the linear helicon plasma device [Barada et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 063501 (2012)]. Experiments are carried out using argon gas with m = +1 right helical antenna operating at 13.56 MHz by varying the magnetic field from 0 G to 100 G. The plasma density varies with varying the magnetic field at constant input power and gas pressure and reaches to its peak value at a magnetic field value of {approx}25 G. Another peak of smaller magnitude in density has been observed near 50 G. Measurement of amplitude and phase of the axial component of the wave using magnetic probes for two magnetic field values corresponding to the observed density peaks indicated the existence of radial modes. Measured parallel wave number together with the estimated perpendicular wave number suggests oblique mode propagation of helicon waves along the resonance cone boundary for these magnetic field values. Further, the observations of larger floating potential fluctuations measured with Langmuir probes at those magnetic field values indicate that near resonance cone boundary; these electrostatic fluctuations take energy from helicon wave and dump power to the plasma causing density peaks.
Barada, Kshitish K.; Chattopadhyay, P. K.; Ghosh, J.; Kumar, Sunil; Saxena, Y. C. [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428 (India)
Magnetic hose: Routing and Long-distance Transportation of Magnetic Fields
Magnetism is a fundamental interaction shaping our physical world, at the basis of technologies such as magnetic recording or energy generation. Unlike electromagnetic waves, which can be routed and transmitted with waveguides to long distances, magnetic fields rapidly decay with distance. Here we show the concept, design, and properties of a magnetic hose which enables to transfer the static magnetic field generated by a source to an arbitrary distance, and along any given trajectory. Using transformation optics, adapted to static magnetic fields, we first introduce an ideal scheme displaying the basic mechanism behind our proposal and allowing for a perfect transfer. Then we present a simplified approach, which allows to construct a magnetic hose using two available materials: a superconducting shell with a ferromagnetic core. Such a magnetic hose can guide and transport magnetic fields to large distances, unlike ferromagnets- the conventional existing method-, for which transmitted fields decay quickly with the ferromagnetic length. As a proof of pinciple experiment, we demonstrate the field transmission through superconducting-ferromagnetic hoses with lengths up to 140mm, which improve the transmission of an analogous ferromagnet by a 400% factor. Magnetic hoses may provide new solutions in enhancing spin couplings in all-magnetic logic schemes and in harnessing quantum systems by addressable magnetic fields, in the context of quantum information processing.
Carles Navau; Jordi Prat-Camps; Oriol Romero-Isart; J. Ignacio Cirac; Alvaro Sanchez
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Print Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Print In micrometer-sized magnetic thin films, the magnetization typically adopts an in-plane, circular configuration known as a magnetic vortex. At the vortex core, the magnetization turns sharply out of the plane, pointing either up or down. Magnetic data storage based on this binary phenomenon is an intriguing concept, but it would require the ability to flip the vortex cores on demand. Because these structures are highly stable, very strong magnetic fields of around half a tesla (approximately one-third the field of the strongest permanent magnet) were previously thought to be necessary to accomplish this. At the ALS, a team of researchers from Germany, Belgium, and the U.S. has used time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) to observe vortex motion and demonstrate the feasibility of using weak magnetic fields as low as 1.5 millitesla (mT) to reverse the direction of a vortex core. The observed switching mechanism, which can be understood within the framework of micromagnetic theory, gives insights into basic magnetization dynamics and their possible application to data storage technologies.
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Print Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Print In micrometer-sized magnetic thin films, the magnetization typically adopts an in-plane, circular configuration known as a magnetic vortex. At the vortex core, the magnetization turns sharply out of the plane, pointing either up or down. Magnetic data storage based on this binary phenomenon is an intriguing concept, but it would require the ability to flip the vortex cores on demand. Because these structures are highly stable, very strong magnetic fields of around half a tesla (approximately one-third the field of the strongest permanent magnet) were previously thought to be necessary to accomplish this. At the ALS, a team of researchers from Germany, Belgium, and the U.S. has used time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) to observe vortex motion and demonstrate the feasibility of using weak magnetic fields as low as 1.5 millitesla (mT) to reverse the direction of a vortex core. The observed switching mechanism, which can be understood within the framework of micromagnetic theory, gives insights into basic magnetization dynamics and their possible application to data storage technologies.
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Print Magnetic Vortex Core Reversal by Low-Field Excitations Print In micrometer-sized magnetic thin films, the magnetization typically adopts an in-plane, circular configuration known as a magnetic vortex. At the vortex core, the magnetization turns sharply out of the plane, pointing either up or down. Magnetic data storage based on this binary phenomenon is an intriguing concept, but it would require the ability to flip the vortex cores on demand. Because these structures are highly stable, very strong magnetic fields of around half a tesla (approximately one-third the field of the strongest permanent magnet) were previously thought to be necessary to accomplish this. At the ALS, a team of researchers from Germany, Belgium, and the U.S. has used time-resolved scanning transmission x-ray microscopy (STXM) to observe vortex motion and demonstrate the feasibility of using weak magnetic fields as low as 1.5 millitesla (mT) to reverse the direction of a vortex core. The observed switching mechanism, which can be understood within the framework of micromagnetic theory, gives insights into basic magnetization dynamics and their possible application to data storage technologies.
High magnetic field processing of liquid crystalline polymers
A process of forming bulk articles of oriented liquid crystalline thermoset material, the material characterized as having an enhanced tensile modulus parallel to orientation of an applied magnetic field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field, by curing a liquid crystalline thermoset precursor within a high strength magnetic field of greater than about 2 Tesla, is provided, together with a resultant bulk article of a liquid crystalline thermoset material, said material processed in a high strength magnetic field whereby said material is characterized as having a tensile modulus parallel to orientation of said field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field.
Smith, M.E.; Benicewicz, B.C.; Douglas, E.P.
High magnetic field processing of liquid crystalline polymers
A process of forming bulk articles of oriented liquid crystalline thermoset material, the material characterized as having an enhanced tensile modulus parallel to orientation of an applied magnetic field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field, by curing a liquid crystalline thermoset precursor within a high strength magnetic field of greater than about 2 Tesla, is provided, together with a resultant bulk article of a liquid crystalline thermoset material, said material processed in a high strength magnetic field whereby said material is characterized as having a tensile modulus parallel to orientation of said field of at least 25 percent greater than said material processed in the absence of a magnetic field.
Smith, Mark E. (Los Alamos, NM); Benicewicz, Brian C. (Los Alamos, NM); Douglas, Elliot P. (Los Alamos, NM)
Molecular gyroscopes and biological effects of weak ELF magnetic fields
Extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields are known to affect biological systems. In many cases, biological effects display `windows' in biologically effective parameters of the magnetic fields: most dramatic is the fact that relatively intense magnetic fields sometimes do not cause appreciable effect, while smaller fields of the order of 10--100 $\\mu$T do. Linear resonant physical processes do not explain frequency windows in this case. Amplitude window phenomena suggest a nonlinear physical mechanism. Such a nonlinear mechanism has been proposed recently to explain those `windows'. It considers quantum-interference effects on protein-bound substrate ions. Magnetic fields cause an interference of ion quantum states and change the probability of ion-protein dissociation. This ion-interference mechanism predicts specific magnetic-field frequency and amplitude windows within which biological effects occur. It agrees with a lot of experiments. However, according to the mechanism, the lifetime $\\Gamma^{-1}$ of ion ...
Savin, A V
Magnetic-field-induced antiferromagnetism in the Kondo lattice
The half-filled Kondo lattice model, augmented by a Zeeman term, serves as a useful model of a Kondo insulator in an applied magnetic field. A variational mean field analysis of this system on a square lattice, backed up ...
Beach, Kevin S. D. (Kevin Stuart David), 1975-
Structural Steel Attenuation of External Magnetic Fields in Buildings
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report investigates the passive attenuation of external power-frequency magnetic fields caused by structural steel members used in commercial building construction. This effect has not been considered in previous assessments of the field levels inside buildings.
The Orientation of the Local Interstellar Magnetic Field
The orientation of the local interstellar magnetic field introduces asymmetries in the heliosphere that affect the location of heliospheric radio emissions and the streaming direction of ions from the termination shock of the solar wind. We combine observations of radio emissions and energetic particle streaming with extensive 3D MHD computer simulations of magnetic field draping over the heliopause to show that the plane of the local interstellar field is ~ 60-90 degrees from the galactic plane. This suggests that the field orientation in the Local Interstellar Cloud differs from that of a larger scale interstellar magnetic field thought to parallel the galactic plane.
M. Opher; E. C. Stone; T. I. Gombosi
Magnetic properties of the nucleon in a uniform background field
We present results for the magnetic moment and magnetic polarisability of the neutron and the magnetic moment of the proton. These results are calculated using the uniform background field method on 32^3 x 64 dynamical QCD lattices provided by the PACS-CS collaboration as part of the ILDG. We use a uniform background magnetic field quantised by the periodic spatial volume. We investigate ways to improve the effective energy plots used to calculate magnetic polarisabilities, including the use of correlation matrix techniques with various source smearings.
Thomas Primer; Waseem Kamleh; Derek Leinweber; Matthias Burkardt
Role of Magnetic Fields and Texturing to Improved Magnetic Materials
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Mar 13, 2012 ... Experiments to observe the structural and magnetic phase transformations were performed at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) at Oak ...
Processing of Soft Magnetic Alloys in High Magnetic Field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... Magnetic Materials for Use in Energy-efficient Distribution Transformers ... Novel Morphology of Highly Efficient Two-phase Ferrite Cores for Power Systems
Developments in deep brain stimulation using time dependent magnetic fields
The effect of head model complexity upon the strength of field in different brain regions for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been investigated. Experimental measurements were used to verify the validity of magnetic field calculations and induced electric field calculations for three 3D human head models of varying complexity. Results show the inability for simplified head models to accurately determine the site of high fields that lead to neuronal stimulation and highlight the necessity for realistic head modeling for TMS applications.
Crowther, L.J.; Nlebedim, I.C.; Jiles, D.C.
Magnetism of a relativistic degenerate electron gas in a strong magnetic field
The magnetization and magnetic susceptibility of a degenerate electron gas in a strong magnetic field in which electrons are located on the ground Landau level and the electron gas has the properties of a nonlinear paramagnet have been calculated. The paradoxical properties of the electron gas under these conditions-a decrease in the magnetization with the field and an increase in the magnetization with the temperature-have been revealed. It has been shown that matter under the corresponding conditions of neutron stars is a paramagnet with a magnetic susceptibility of {chi} {approx} 0.001.
Skobelev, V. V., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Moscow State Industrial University (Russian Federation)
NMR system and method having a permanent magnet providing a rotating magnetic field
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for generating a rotating magnetic field. The rotating magnetic field can be used to obtain rotating-field NMR spectra, such as magic angle spinning spectra, without having to physically rotate the sample. This result allows magic angle spinning NMR to be conducted on biological samples such as live animals, including humans.
Schlueter, Ross D [Berkeley, CA; Budinger, Thomas F [Berkeley, CA
Time evolution of fields in strontium ferrite permanent magnets
Field strengths for strontium ferrite permanent magnets built for the Fermilab Recycler and 8 GeV transfer line have been measured for the past 4 years. The ferrite magnetization exhibits a time dependence parameterized by M1/M{sub 2} = -9 x 10{sup -4} x log (t{sub 1}/t{sub 2}) as determined from measurements of a gradient magnet. This parameterization has been checked against several other styles of permanent dipoles, and quadrupole magnets with good agreement.
James T. Volk et al.
Gluon Vortices and Induced Magnetic Field in Compact Stars
The natural candidates for the realization of color superconductivity are the extremely dense cores of compact stars, many of which have very large magnetic fields, especially the so-called magnetars. In this paper we discuss how a color superconducting core can serve to generate and enhance the stellar magnetic field without appealing to a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo mechanism.
Efrain J. Ferrer
Gluon Vortices and Induced Magnetic Field in Compact Stars
The natural candidates for the realization of color superconductivity are the extremely dense cores of compact stars, many of which have very large magnetic fields, especially the so called magnetars. In this paper we discuss how a color superconducting core can serve to generate and enhance the stellar magnetic field without appealing to a magnetohydrodynamic dynamo mechanism.
Ferrer, Efrain J. [Department of Physics, Western Illinois University, Macomb, IL 61455 (United States)
Measurement of Power System Magnetic Fields by Waveform Capture
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
An instrumentation and software package has been developed to characterize an extensive range of temporal, spatial, and frequency parameters associated with magnetic fields.The MultiWave (TM) System can capture the actual magnetic field waveform and coexisting power system environmental conditions in residential, nonresidential, and transient capture applications.
Phase transitions in quark matter under strong magnetic fields
In this work we use de SU(2) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model to study the chiral transition at finite temperature, chemical potential and magnetic field. We show how the magnetic field affects the location of the critical end-point in the phase diagram, the constituent quark masses and the spinodal lines concerning the first order transition.
Garcia, Andre F.; Pinto, Marcus B. [Physics Department, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (Brazil)
Heart Rate Variability (HRV) in Ambient Magnetic Fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In a healthy individual, the rate at which the heart beats exhibits continuous variability. In prior research at Midwest Research Institute (MRI), exposure to intermittent, but not continuous, magnetic fields was associated with alterations in heart rate variability (HRV). This report describes additional studies specifically designed to address the potential effects of magnetic field exposure on HRV.
Projectile-power-compressed magnetic-field pulse generator
Design considerations and experimental results are presented of a compressed magnetic field pulsed energy source. A 100-mm-diameter, gun-fired projectile of approx. 2MJ kinetic energy was the input energy source. An initial magnetic field was trapped and compressed by the projectile. With a shorted load, a magajoule in a nanohenry was the design goal, i.e., 50 percent energy transformation from kinetic to magnetic. Five percent conversion was the highest recorded before gauge failure.
Barlett, R.H.; Takemori, H.T.; Chase, J.B.
The main problems arising during the design and con struction of medium size air-core electro-magnets are discussed. The basic equations are given relating magnetic field strength, magnetic field rise time, power input, electrodynamic forces, and thermal conditions e.g., allowable temperature rise to give the detailed dimensions required for the electrical conductor and the cooling annull. The details for a 25 kgauss sectional oil-cooled electromagnet for plasma research are described. (auth)
Gryzinski, M.; Sadowski, M.
Brownian dynamics of charged particles in a constant magnetic field
Numerical algorithms are proposed for simulating the Brownian dynamics of charged particles in an external magnetic field, taking into account the Brownian motion of charged particles, damping effect, and the effect of magnetic field self-consistently. Performance of these algorithms is tested in terms of their accuracy and long-time stability by using a three-dimensional Brownian oscillator model with constant magnetic field. Step-by-step recipes for implementing these algorithms are given in detail. It is expected that these algorithms can be directly used to study particle dynamics in various dispersed systems in the presence of a magnetic field, including polymer solutions, colloidal suspensions, and, particularly, complex (dusty) plasmas. The proposed algorithms can also be used as thermostat in the usual molecular dynamics simulation in the presence of magnetic field.
Hou, L. J.; Piel, A. [IEAP, Christian-Albrechts Universitaet, D-24118 Kiel (Germany); Miskovic, Z. L. [Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1 (Canada); Shukla, P. K. [Institut fuer Theoretische Physik IV, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, D-44780 Bochum (Germany)
Analysis of magnetic fields produced far from electric power lines
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this paper, the authors develop a simple and general method for analyzing the magnetic fields produced by power lines at far distances, that is, at distances large in comparison to the spacing between the line's phase conductors. Magnetic fields produced far from conventional power lines have remarkably simple properties. The authors present formulae for the fields produced by various conventional and unconventional power line configurations; included are line designs characterized by reduced magnetic-field levels. Errors in the formulae are less than [plus minus]10% at the edge of a typical transmission right-of-way.
Kaune, W.T. (Enertech Consultants Campbell, CA (United States)); Zaffanella, L.E. (High Voltage Transmission Research Center, Lenox, MA (United States))
Tunable Polarization of Spin Polarized Current by Magnetic Field
The spin polarization of a high g-factor bulk semiconductor is theoretically investigated in the presence of a magnetic field parallel to a driving electric field. Calculations have been carried out using the energy-dependent relaxation time approximation in association with spin-flip scattering. As the magnitude of the magnetic field increases, the spin-polarized current alternates between the spin-up and spin-down states for the low spin-scattering system. This implies that the current polarization can be tuned by controlling the magnetic field strength, suggesting possible applications to spintronic devices. An experimental method for investigating alternative current polarization is also considered.
Joo, S.; Kim, K.; Lee, J.; Kim, T.; Rhie, K.; Hong, J.; Shin, K-H.
Nucleation of bulk superconductivity close to critical magnetic field
We consider the two-dimensional Ginzburg-Landau functional with constant applied magnetic field. For applied magnetic fields close to the second critical field $H_{C_2}$ and large Ginzburg-Landau parameter, we provide leading order estimates on the energy of minimizing configurations. We obtain a fine threshold value of the applied magnetic field for which bulk superconductivity contributes to the leading order of the energy. Furthermore, the energy of the bulk is related to that of the Abrikosov problem in a periodic lattice. A key ingredient of the proof is a novel $L^\\infty$-bound which is of independent interest.
S. Fournais; A. Kachmar
PROBING PRIMORDIAL MAGNETIC FIELDS USING Ly{alpha} CLOUDS
From previous studies of the effect of primordial magnetic fields on early structure formation, we know that the presence of primordial magnetic fields during early structure formation could induce more perturbations at small scales (at present 1-10 h {sup -1} Mpc) as compared to the usual {Lambda}CDM theory. Matter power spectra over these scales are effectively probed by cosmological observables such as shear correlation and Ly{alpha} clouds. In this paper we discuss the implications of primordial magnetic fields on the distribution of Ly{alpha} clouds. We simulate the line-of-sight density fluctuation including the contribution coming from the primordial magnetic fields. We compute the evolution of Ly{alpha} opacity for this case and compare our theoretical estimates of Ly{alpha} opacity with the existing data to constrain the parameters of the primordial magnetic fields. We also discuss the case when the two density fields are correlated. Our analysis yields an upper bound of roughly 0.3-0.6 nG on the magnetic field strength for a range of nearly scale-invariant models, corresponding to a magnetic field power spectrum index n {approx_equal} -3.
Pandey, Kanhaiya L.; Sethi, Shiv K. [Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080 (India)] [Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080 (India)
We used H{alpha}-0.1 nm and magnetic field (at 1.56{mu}) data obtained with the New Solar Telescope to study the origin of the disk counterparts to type II spicules, so-called rapid blueshifted excursions (RBEs). The high time cadence of our chromospheric (10 s) and magnetic field (45 s) data allowed us to generate x-t plots using slits parallel to the spines of the RBEs. These plots, along with potential field extrapolation, led us to suggest that the occurrence of RBEs is generally correlated with the appearance of new, mixed, or unipolar fields in close proximity to network fields. RBEs show a tendency to occur at the interface between large-scale fields and small-scale dynamic magnetic loops and thus are likely to be associated with the existence of a magnetic canopy. Detection of kinked and/or inverse {sup Y-}shaped RBEs further confirm this conclusion.
Yurchyshyn, V.; Abramenko, V.; Goode, P. [Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Big Bear City, CA 92314 (United States)] [Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Big Bear City, CA 92314 (United States)
Los Alamos achieves world-record pulsed magnetic field
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Los Alamos achieves world-record pulsed magnetic field Los Alamos achieves world-record pulsed magnetic field Los Alamos achieves world-record pulsed magnetic field Researchers have set a new world record for the strongest magnetic field produced by a nondestructive magnet. August 23, 2011 Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials. Los Alamos National Laboratory sits on top of a once-remote mesa in northern New Mexico with the Jemez mountains as a backdrop to research and innovation covering multi-disciplines from bioscience, sustainable energy sources, to plasma physics and new materials.
Interaction mechanisms and biological effects of static magnetic fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Mechanisms through which static magnetic fields interact with living systems are described and illustrated by selected experimental observations. These mechanisms include electrodynamic interactions with moving, ionic charges (blood flow and nerve impulse conduction), magnetomechanical interactions (orientation and translation of molecules structures and magnetic particles), and interactions with electronic spin states in charge transfer reactions (photo-induced electron transfer in photosynthesis). A general summary is also presented of the biological effects of static magnetic fields. There is convincing experimental evidence for magnetoreception mechanisms in several classes of lower organisms, including bacteria and marine organisms. However, in more highly evolved species of animals, there is no evidence that the interactions of static magnetic fields with flux densities up to 2 Tesla (1 Tesla [T] = 10{sup 4} Gauss) produce either behavioral or physiolocical alterations. These results, based on controlled studies with laboratory animals, are consistent with the outcome of recent epidemiological surveys on human populations exposed occupationally to static magnetic fields.
Tenforde, T.S.
Laboratory Studies of the Short-term Responses of Freshwater Fish to Electromagnetic Fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Hydrokinetic energy technologies are being proposed as an environmentally preferred means of generating electricity from river and tidal currents. Among the potential issues that must be investigated in order to resolve environmental concerns are the effects on aquatic organisms of electromagnetic fields created by underwater generators and transmission cables. The behavioral responses of common freshwater fishes to static and variable electromagnetic fields (EMF) that may be emitted by hydrokinetic projects were evaluated in laboratory experiments. Various fish species were exposed to either static (DC) EMF fields created by a permanent bar magnet or variable (AC) EMF fields created by a switched electromagnet for 48 h, fish locations were recorded with a digital imaging system, and changes in activity level and distribution relative to the magnet position were quantified at 5-min intervals. Experiments with fathead minnows, redear sunfish, striped bass, lake sturgeon, and channel catfish produced mixed results. Except for fathead minnows there was no effect on activity level. Only redear sunfish and channel catfish exhibited a change in distribution relative to the position of the magnet with an apparent attraction to the EMF source. In separate experiments, rapid behavioral responses of paddlefish and lake sturgeon to onset of the AC field were recorded with high-speed video. Paddlefish did not react to a variable, 60-Hz magnetic field like that which would be emitted by an AC generator or cable, but lake sturgeon consistently responded to the variable, AC-generated magnetic field with a variety of altered swimming behaviors. These results will be useful for determining under what circumstances cables or generators need to be positioned to minimize interactions with sensitive species.
Bevelhimer, Mark S [ORNL; Cada, Glenn F [ORNL; Fortner, Allison M [ORNL; Schweizer, Peter E [ORNL; Riemer, Kristina P [ORNL
In spite of recent detections of magnetic fields in a number of beta Cephei and slowly pulsating B (SPB) stars, their impact on stellar rotation, pulsations, and element diffusion is not sufficiently studied yet. The reason for this is the lack of knowledge of rotation periods, the magnetic field strength distribution and temporal variability, and the field geometry. New longitudinal field measurements of four beta Cephei and candidate beta Cephei stars, and two SPB stars were acquired with FORS2 at the VLT. These measurements allowed us to carry out a search for rotation periods and to constrain the magnetic field geometry for four stars in our sample.
Hubrig, S; Schoeller, M; Briquet, M; Morel, T; De Cat, P
Holographic Photon Production with Magnetic Field in Anisotropic Plasmas
We investigate the thermal photon production from constant magnetic field in a strongly coupled and anisotropic plasma via the gauge/gravity duality. The dual geometry with pressure anisotropy is generated from the axion-dilaton gravity action introduced by Mateos and Trancancelli and the magnetic field is coupled to fundamental matters(quarks) through the D3/D7 embeddings. We find that the photon spectra with different quark mass are enhanced at large frequency when the photons are emitted parallel to the anisotropic direction with larger pressure or perpendicular to the magnetic field. However, in the opposite conditions for the emitted directions, the spectra approximately saturate isotropic results in the absence of magnetic field. On the other hand, a resonance emerges at moderate frequency for the photon spectrum with heavy quarks when the photons move perpendicular to the magnetic field. The resonance is more robust when the photons are polarized along the magnetic field. On the contrary, in the presence of pressure anisotropy, the resonance will be suppressed. There exist competing effects of magnetic field and pressure anisotropy on meson melting in the strongly coupled super Yang-Mills plasma, while we argue that the suppression led by anisotropy may not be applied to the quark gluon plasma.
Shang-Yu Wu; Di-Lun Yang
Magnetic fields and the dynamics of spiral galaxies
We investigate the dynamics of magnetic fields in spiral galaxies by performing 3D MHD simulations of galactic discs subject to a spiral potential. Recent hydrodynamic simulations have demonstrated the formation of inter-arm spurs as well as spiral arm molecular clouds provided the ISM model includes a cold HI phase. We find that the main effect of adding a magnetic field to these calculations is to inhibit the formation of structure in the disc. However, provided a cold phase is included, spurs and spiral arm clumps are still present if $\\beta \\gtrsim 0.1$ in the cold gas. A caveat to two phase calculations though is that by assuming a uniform initial distribution, $\\beta \\gtrsim 10$ in the warm gas, emphasizing that models with more consistent initial conditions and thermodynamics are required. Our simulations with only warm gas do not show such structure, irrespective of the magnetic field strength. Furthermore, we find that the introduction of a cold HI phase naturally produces the observed degree of disorder in the magnetic field, which is again absent from simulations using only warm gas. Whilst the global magnetic field follows the large scale gas flow, the magnetic field also contains a substantial random component that is produced by the velocity dispersion induced in the cold gas during the passage through a spiral shock. Without any cold gas, the magnetic field in the warm phase remains relatively well ordered apart from becoming compressed in the spiral shocks. Our results provide a natural explanation for the observed high proportions of disordered magnetic field in spiral galaxies and we thus predict that the relative strengths of the random and ordered components of the magnetic field observed in spiral galaxies will depend on the dynamics of spiral shocks.
C. L. Dobbs; D. J. Price
Inflationary susceptibilities, duality and large-scale magnetic fields generation
We investigate what can be said about the interaction of scalar fields with Abelian gauge fields during a quasi-de Sitter phase of expansion and under the assumption that the electric and the magnetic susceptibilities do not coincide. The duality symmetry, transforming the magnetic susceptibility into the inverse of the electric susceptibility, exchanges the magnetic and electric power spectra. The mismatch between the two susceptibilities determines an effective refractive index affecting the evolution of the canonical fields. The constraints imposed by the duration of the inflationary phase and by the magnetogenesis requirements pin down the rate of variation of the susceptibilities that is consistent with the observations of the magnetic field strength over astrophysical and cosmological scales but avoids back-reaction problems. The parameter space of this magnetogenesis scenario is wider than in the case when the susceptibilities are equal, as it happens when the inflaton or some other spectator field is solely coupled to the standard gauge kinetic term.
Massimo Giovannini
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
CALCULATION OF PULSED KICKER MAGNETIC FIELD ATTENUATION CALCULATION OF PULSED KICKER MAGNETIC FIELD ATTENUATION INSIDE BEAM CHAMBERS S. H. Kim January 8, 2001 1. Introduction and Summary The ceramic beam chambers in the sections of the kicker magnets for the beam injection and extraction in the Advanced Photon Source (APS) are made of alumina. The inner surface of the ceramic chamber is coated with a conductive paste. The choice of coating thickness is intended to reduce the shielding of the pulsed kicker magnetic field while containing the electromagnetic fields due to the beam bunches inside the chamber, and minimize the Ohmic heating due to the fields on the chamber [1]. The thin coating generally does not give a uniform surface resistivity for typical dimensions of the ceramic chambers in use. The chamber cross section is a circular or
Heat pipes for use in a magnetic field
A heat pipe configuration for use in a magnetic field environment of a fusion reactor is disclosed. Heat pipes for operation in a magnetic field when liquid metal working fluids are used are optimized by flattening of the heat pipes having an unobstructed annulus which significantly reduces the adverse side region effect of the prior known cylindrically configured heat pipes. The flattened heat pipes operating in a magnetic field can remove 2--3 times the heat as a cylindrical heat pipe of the same cross sectional area. 4 figs.
Werner, R.W.; Hoffman, M.A.
Interstellar Turbulent Magnetic Field Generation by Plasma Instabilities
The maximum magnetic field strength generated by Weibel-type plasma instabilities is estimated for typical conditions in the interstellar medium. The relevant kinetic dispersion relations are evaluated by conducting a parameter study both for Maxwellian and for suprathermal particle distributions showing that micro Gauss magnetic fields can be generated. It is shown that, depending on the streaming velocity and the plasma temperatures, either the longitudinal or a transverse instability will be dominant. In the presence of an ambient magnetic field, the filamentation instability is typically suppressed while the two-stream and the classic Weibel instability are retained.
Tautz, R C
Heat pipes for use in a magnetic field
A heat pipe configuration for use in a magnetic field environment of a fusion reactor. Heat pipes for operation in a magnetic field when liquid metal working fluids are used are optimized by flattening of the heat pipes having an unobstructed annulus which significantly reduces the adverse side region effect of the prior known cylindrically configured heat pipes. The flattened heat pipes operating in a magnetic field can remove 2--3 times the heat as a cylindrical heat pipe of the same cross sectional area.
Werner, Richard W. (San Ramon, CA); Hoffman, Myron A. (Davis, CA)
Intense transient magnetic-field generation by laser plasma
In a laser system, the return current of a laser generated plasma is conducted near a target to subject that target to the magnetic field thereof. In alternate embodiments the target may be either a small non-fusion object for testing under the magnetic field or a laser-fusion pellet. In the laser-fusion embodiment, the laser-fusion pellet is irradiated during the return current flow and the intense transient magnetic field is used to control the hot electrons thereof to hinder them from striking and heating the core of the irradiated laser-fusion pellet.
Benjamin, R.F.
Heat pipes for use in a magnetic field
A heat pipe configuration is described for use in a magnetic field environment of a fusion reactor. Heat pipes for operation in a magnetic field when liquid metal working fluids are used are optimized by flattening of the heat pipes having an unobstructed annulus which significantly reduces the adverse side region effect of the prior known cylindrically configured heat pipes. The flattened heat pipes operating in a magnetic field can remove 2 to 3 times the heat as a cylindrical heat pipe of the same cross sectional area.
Werner, R.W.; Hoffman, M.A.
Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage in Trapped Field Magnets of High Temperature Superconductors
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Superconducting permanent magnets for storing high magnetic fields can serve as a means of energy storage and are useful in applications ranging from motors and generators to fault current limiters and circuit breakers. This report presents the results of experimental studies on high temperature superconductors, which were successfully used to trap a record high stable magnetic field of 83,000 G at 54 K and 100,000 G at 42 K.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The use of permanent magnets has been investigated as an option for electron cooling ring for the proposed luminosity upgrade of RHIC. Several methods have been developed that allow a large variation in field strength. These design concepts were verified with computer simulations using finite element codes. It will be shown that the field uniformity is maintained while the field strength is mechanically adjusted.
The Solar Coronal Magnetic Field Measurements With SOLARC
Direct solar coronal magnetic field measurements have become possible since recent development of high-sensitivity infrared detection technology. The SOLARC instrument installed on Mt. Haleakala is such a polarimetric coronagraph that was designed for routinely observing Stokes parameter profiles in near infrared (NIR) wavelengthes. The Fe$^{+12}$ 1075 nm forbidden coronal emission line (CEL) is potential for weak coronal magnetic field detection. As a first step the potential field model has been used to compare with the SOLARC observation in the Fe$^{+12}$ 1075 nm line (Liu and Lin 2008). It's found that the potential fields can be a zeroth-order proxy for approaching the observed coronal field above a simple stable sunspot. In this paper we further discuss several nodi that are hampering the progress for reconstructing the real coronal magnetic field structures. They include the well-known Van Vleck effect in linear polarization signals, ignorance of the information of the NIR emission sources (i.e., inversion problem of coronal magnetic fields), a fat lot of global non-linear force-free field tools available for better modeling coronal magnetic fields, and so on.
Y. Liu; H. Lin
Influence of primordial magnetic fields on 21 cm emission
Magnetic fields in the early universe can significantly alter the thermal evolution and the ionization history during the dark ages. This is reflected in the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen, which is coupled to the gas temperature through collisions at high redshifts, and through the Wouthuysen-Field effect at low redshifts. We present a semi-analytic model for star formation and the build-up of a Lyman alpha background in the presence of magnetic fields, and calculate the evolution of the mean 21 cm brightness temperature and its frequency gradient as a function of redshift. We further discuss the evolution of linear fluctuations in temperature and ionization in the presence of magnetic fields and calculate the effect on the 21 cm power spectrum. At high redshifts, the signal is increased compared to the non-magnetic case due to the additional heat input into the IGM from ambipolar diffusion and the decay of MHD turbulence. At lower redshifts, the formation of luminous objects and the build-up of a Lyman alpha background can be delayed by a redshift interval of 10 due to the strong increase of the filtering mass scale in the presence of magnetic fields. This tends to decrease the 21 cm signal compared to the zero-field case. In summary, we find that 21 cm observations may become a promising tool to constrain primordial magnetic fields.
Dominik R. G. Schleicher; Robi Banerjee; Ralf S. Klessen
Materials Physics Applications: The National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Search Search National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, NHMFL Home About Us Organization DIVISION Materials Physics and Applications Division GROUPS Superconductivity Technology Center Condensed Matter and Magnet Science Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies Sensors & Electrochemical Devices Materials Chemistry CONTACTS Group Leader Mike Hundley Director, NHMFL-PFF/Deputy Group Leader Chuck Mielke Head of Users Program Operations Jon Betts Professional Staff Assistant Julie T. Gallegos TA-03 Group Office TA-03, Building 0034, Room 101 Office Administrator Juanita Armijo TA-35 Group Office TA-35, Building 0127, Room C117 Office Administrator Angeline Willow 505-667-5032 National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Pulsed Field Facility The Pulsed Field Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, is one of three campuses of the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (NHMFL), the other two being at Florida State University, Tallahassee (continuous fields, magnetic resonance, and general headquarters) and the University of Florida ,Gainesville(ultra-low temperatures at high magnetic fields). The NHMFL is sponsored primarily by the National Science Foundation, Division of Materials Research, with additional support from the State of Florida and the US Department of Energy.
New approaches to thermoelectric cooling effects in magnetic fields
The authors review thermoelectric effects in a magnetic field at a phenomenological level. Discussions of the limiting performance and problems with its computation for both Peltier and Ettingshausen coolers are presented. New principles to guide the materials scientists are discussed for magnetic effects, and a brief review of the subtle measurement problems is presented.
Migliori, A.; Darling, T.W.; Freibert, F. [and others
The EMF dilemma: Decision-making amid scientific uncertainty
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In 1989, residents of Monticito, CA about 90 mi NW of Los Angeles called to the attention of local school and county health officials a leukemia cluster observed in children in the area. In this cluster, the rate of cancer in children appeared to be five times the expected rate. Montecito Union School is bisected by 66-kV power lines, as they come out into the community from a substation directly adjacent to the school. The lines pass within 15 feet of the north side of Howard School. After the State Department of Health identified this as a legitimate cancer cluster, the state responded by taking EMF readings in September 1989 on and near Montecito Union School and produced a report in December of that year. In the weeks following the December 1989 report, concern built in the community over perceived weaknesses in the state's methodology. Doubt was cast over the state's willingness to perform a thorough investigation. The cognizant utility, Southern California Edison, was involved early in the information sharing. The author discusses the mediated negotiation, and recommends that utility planners be candid, provide honest answers, work openly and aggressively with communities, and make EMF information easily accessible.
Sage, C. (Sage Associates, Montecito, CA (USA))
Bio-Med Variable Field MRI Project | Superconducting Magnet Division
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Bio-Med Variable Field MRI Project Bio-Med Variable Field MRI Project One of the Research and Development projects currently underway is the Bio-Med magnet. Destined for use within the solenoidal field of an MRI, it is designed for use where the subject, in this case a rat, must be tracked in order to obtain an image. Typical MRIs require the subject to remain stationary, and a rat will not normally oblige when it is awake. By moving the composite field (MRI Solenoid plus Bio-Med dipole) to track the rat, it is possible to allow the rat some freedom of motion, while still imaging the brain functions. For the rapid movement typical of a rat, the Bio-Med coil magnet must be capable of very rapid changes in field. Superconducting magnets are typically not designed to allow rapid field variations. To do so typically
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We study primordial magnetic field effects on the matter perturbations in the universe. We assume magnetic field generation prior to the big bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), i.e., during the radiation-dominated epoch of the universe expansion, but do not limit analysis by considering a particular magnetogenesis scenario. Contrary to previous studies, we limit the total magnetic field energy density and not the smoothed amplitude of the magnetic field at large (of the order of 1 Mpc) scales. We review several cosmological signatures, such as halo abundance, thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, and Ly{alpha} data. For a cross-check, we compare our limits with that obtained through the cosmic microwave background faraday rotation effect and BBN. The limits range between 1.5 nG and 4.5 nG for n{sub B} in (- 3; -1.5).
Kahniashvili, Tina; Natarajan, Aravind; Battaglia, Nicholas [McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Maravin, Yurii [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 (United States); Tevzadze, Alexander G., E-mail: email@example.com [Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, 3 Chavchavadze Avenue, Tbilisi 0128 (Georgia)
Gravitational influences on magnetic field structure in accretion disks
Black holes and compact objects are often surrounded by structures known as accretion disks which consist of ionized plasma. Due to the immense forces present in the disk, interesting and complex magnetic field structures ...
Schneck, Kristiana E. (Kristiana Elizabeth)
Interfaces between hot and cold magnetized plasmas exist in various astrophysical contexts, for example, where hot outflows impinge on an ambient interstellar medium. It is of interest to understand how the structure of the magnetic field spanning the interface affects the temporal evolution of the temperature gradient. Here, we explore the relation between the magnetic field topology and the heat transfer rate by adding various fractions of tangled versus ordered field across a hot-cold interface that allows the system to evolve to a steady state. We find a simple mathematical relation for the rate of heat conduction as a function of the initial ratio of ordered-to-tangled field across the interface. We discuss potential implications for the astrophysical context of magnetized wind blown bubbles around evolved stars.
Li Shule; Frank, Adam; Blackman, Eric, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627 (United States)
EMDEX (Electric and Magnetic Field Digital EXposure) system manuals
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The EPRI Electric and Magnetic Field Digital EXposure (EMDEX) system consists of hardware and software for characterizing electric and magnetic field exposures. The EMDEX meter is a computer-based portable unit that samples, at a user-programmable rate, the three vector components of magnetic flux density, a measure of the average electric field acting on the torso of the wearer (if an optional sensor is worn) and a measure of rotational motion of the meter in the earth's magnetic field. Modules of the DATACALC software package are used to program the EMDEX, retrieve data at the end of a measurement session, analyze EMDEX data, and prepare tabular and graphical data summaries. The User Manual is designed to provide instruction on the use of the exposure system hardware and software. The Technical Reference Manual provides additional, detailed descriptions of the hardware, software and methodologies used in the EMDEX system.
Not Available
Magnetic fields and radiative feedback in the star formation process
Star formation is a complex process involving the interplay of many physical effects, including gravity, turbulent gas dynamics, magnetic fields and radiation. Our understanding of the process has improved substantially in recent years, primarily as a result of our increased ability to incorporate the relevant physics in numerical calculations of the star formation process. In this contribution we present an overview of our recent studies of star cluster formation in turbulent, magnetised clouds using self-gravitating radiation-magnetohydrodynamics calculations (Price and Bate 2008, 2009). Our incorporation of magnetic fields and radiative transfer into the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method are discussed. We highlight how magnetic fields and radiative heating of the gas around newborn stars can solve several of the key puzzles in star formation, including an explanation for why star formation is such a slow and inefficient process. However, the presence of magnetic fields at observed strengths in collaps...
Price, Daniel J
Magnetic Fields in High-Density Stellar Matter
I briefly review some aspects of the effect of magnetic fields in the high density regime relevant to neutron stars, focusing mainly on compact star structure and composition, superconductivity, combustion processes, and gamma ray bursts.
German Lugones
Composite systems in magnetic field: from hadrons to hydrogen atom
We briefly review the recent studies of the behavior of composite systems in magnetic field. The hydrogen atom is chosen to demonstrate the new results which may be experimentally tested. Possible applications to physics of antihydrogen are mentioned.
B. O. Kerbikov
Primordial magnetic fields and formation of molecular hydrogen
We study the implications of primordial magnetic fields for the thermal and ionization history of the post-recombination era. In particular we compute the effects of dissipation of primordial magnetic fields owing to ambipolar diffusion and decaying turbulence in the intergalactic medium (IGM) and the collapsing halos and compute the effects of the altered thermal and ionization history on the formation of molecular hydrogen. We show that, for magnetic field strengths in the range $2 \\times 10^{-10} {\\rm G} \\la B_0 \\la 2 \\times 10^{-9} {\\rm G}$, the molecular hydrogen fraction in IGM and collapsing halo can increase by a factor 5 to 1000 over the case with no magnetic fields. We discuss the implication of the increased molecular hydrogen fraction on the radiative transfer of UV photons and the formation of first structures in the universe.
Shiv K Sethi; Biman B. Nath; Kandaswamy Subramanian
Parallel heat transport in integrable and chaotic magnetic fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The study of transport in magnetized plasmas is a problem of fundamental interest in controlled fusion, space plasmas, and astrophysics research. Three issues make this problem particularly challenging: (i) The extreme anisotropy between the parallel (i.e., along the magnetic field), {chi}{sub ||} , and the perpendicular, {chi}{sub Up-Tack }, conductivities ({chi}{sub ||} /{chi}{sub Up-Tack} may exceed 10{sup 10} in fusion plasmas); (ii) Nonlocal parallel transport in the limit of small collisionality; and (iii) Magnetic field lines chaos which in general complicates (and may preclude) the construction of magnetic field line coordinates. Motivated by these issues, we present a Lagrangian Green's function method to solve the local and non-local parallel transport equation applicable to integrable and chaotic magnetic fields in arbitrary geometry. The method avoids by construction the numerical pollution issues of grid-based algorithms. The potential of the approach is demonstrated with nontrivial applications to integrable (magnetic island), weakly chaotic (Devil's staircase), and fully chaotic magnetic field configurations. For the latter, numerical solutions of the parallel heat transport equation show that the effective radial transport, with local and non-local parallel closures, is non-diffusive, thus casting doubts on the applicability of quasilinear diffusion descriptions. General conditions for the existence of non-diffusive, multivalued flux-gradient relations in the temperature evolution are derived.
Castillo-Negrete, D. del; Chacon, L. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-8071 (United States)
Analyses of Magnetic-Field Peak-Exposure Summary Measures
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Past emphasis on exposure characterization and analyses for magnetic fields has been on measures of central tendency, such as long-term time-weighted average (TWA) exposure. Past emphasis on exposure characterization and analyses for magnetic fields has been on measures of central tendency such as long-term time-weighted average (TWA) exposure. This report examines peak exposure measures such as the maximum and 99th percentile of measurements during a day. EPRI sponsored this study to enhance industry kn...
Study of HTS Wires at High Magnetic Fields
Fermilab is working on the development of high field magnet systems for ionization cooling of muon beams. The use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) materials is being considered for these magnets using Helium refrigeration. Critical current (I{sub c}) measurements of HTS conductors were performed at FNAL and at NIMS up to 28 T under magnetic fields at zero to 90 degree with respect to the sample face. A description of the test setups and results on a BSCCO-2223 tape and second generation (2G) coated conductors are presented.
Turrioni, D.; Barzi, E.; Lamm, M.J.; Yamada, R.; Zlobin, A.V.; Kikuchi, A.; /Fermilab
Electrons Confined with an Axially Symmetric Magnetic Mirror Field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Low energy non-neutral electron plasmas were confined with an axially symmetric magnetic mirror field and an electrostatic potential to investigate the basic confinement properties of a simple magnetic mirror trap. As expected the confinement time became longer as a function of the mirror ratio. The axial electrostatic oscillations of a confined electron plasma were also observed. Obtained results suggested an improved scheme to accumulate low energy charged particles with the use of a magnetic mirror field, which would enable the investigation of electron-positron plasmas.
Higaki, H.; Ito, K.; Kira, K.; Okamoto, H. [Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530 (Japan)
MRS Photodiode, LED and extruded scintillator performance in magnetic field
The experimental results on the performance of the MRS (Metal/Resistor/Semiconductor) photodiode in the strong magnetic field of 4.4T, and the possible impact of the quench of the magnet at 4.5T on sensor's operation are reported. In addition, the experimental results on the performance of the extruded scintillator and WLS fiber, and various LEDs in the magnetic fields of 1.8T and 2.3T respectively, are detailed. The measurement method used is being described.
Beznosko, D.; Blazey, G.; Dyshkant, A.; Francis, K.; Kubik, D.; Rykalin, V.; Zutshi, V.; /Northern Illinois U.
Fluorescent lamp unit with magnetic field generating means
A fluorescent lamp unit having a magnetic field generating means for improving the performance of the fluorescent lamp is disclosed. In a preferred embodiment the fluorescent lamp comprises four longitudinally extending leg portions disposed in substantially quadrangular columnar array and joined by three generally U-shaped portions disposed in different planes. In another embodiment of the invention the magnetic field generating means comprises a plurality of permanent magnets secured together to form a single columnar structure disposed within a centrally located region defined by the shape of lamp envelope. 4 figs.
Grossman, M.W.; George, W.A.
2-3 High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
HFMRF Overview HFMRF Overview High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility A significant portion of research conducted in the High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility (HFMRF) focuses on developing a fundamental, molecular-level understanding of biochemi- cal and biological systems and their response to environmental effects. A secondary focus is in materials science and catalysis and the chemical mechanisms and processes that operate in these areas. Resident and matrixed research staff within this facility offer expertise in the areas of structural biology, solid-state materials characterization, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Instrumentation & Capabilities NMR * 900-MHz NMR (operational in 2004) * 800-MHz NMR * 750-MHz NMR * 600-MHz NMR (2 systems)
The present invention identifies several configurations of conducting elements capable of storing extremely high magnetic fields for the purpose of energy storage or for other uses, wherein forces experienced by the conducting elements and the magnetic field pollution produced at locations away from the configuration are both significantly reduced over those which are present as a result of the generation of such high fields by currently proposed techniques. It is anticipated that the use of superconducting materials will both permit the attainment of such high fields and further permit such fields to be generated with vastly improved efficiency.
Prueitt, Melvin L. (Los Alamos, NM); Mueller, Fred M. (Los Alamos, NM); Smith, James L. (Los Alamos, NM)
Atomic magnetic gradiometer for room temperature high sensitivity magnetic field detection
A laser-based atomic magnetometer (LBAM) apparatus measures magnetic fields, comprising: a plurality of polarization detector cells to detect magnetic fields; a laser source optically coupled to the polarization detector cells; and a signal detector that measures the laser source after being coupled to the polarization detector cells, which may be alkali cells. A single polarization cell may be used for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) by prepolarizing the nuclear spins of an analyte, encoding spectroscopic and/or spatial information, and detecting NMR signals from the analyte with a laser-based atomic magnetometer to form NMR spectra and/or magnetic resonance images (MRI). There is no need of a magnetic field or cryogenics in the detection step, as it is detected through the LBAM.
Xu,Shoujun (Berkeley, CA); Lowery, Thomas L. (Belmont, MA); Budker, Dmitry (El Cerrito, CA); Yashchuk, Valeriy V. (Richmond, CA); Wemmer, David E. (Berkeley, CA); Pines, Alexander (Berkeley, CA)
Magnetic field switching in parallel quantum dots
We show that the Coulomb blockade in parallel dots pierced by magnetic flux $\\Phi$ completely blocks the resonant current for any value of $\\Phi$ except for integer multiples of the flux quantum $\\Phi_0$. This non-analytic (switching) dependence of the current on $\\Phi$ arises only when the dot states that carry the current are of the same energy. The time needed to reach the steady state, however, diverges when $\\Phi\\to n\\Phi_0$.
Feng Li; Xin-Qi Li; Wei-Min Zhang; S. A. Gurvitz
costs given magnet stored-energy or average bore induction timecost will go up with stored energy and with field volume timesCost of Superconducting Magnets as a Function of Stored Energy and Design Magnetic Induction times
Green, M.A.
Photon and Axion Splitting in an Inhomogeneous Magnetic Field
The axion photon system in an external magnetic field, when the direction of propagation of axions and photons is orthogonal to the direction of the external magnetic field, displays a continuous axion-photon duality symmetry in the limit the axion mass is neglected. The conservation law that follow in this effective 2+1 dimensional theory from this symmetry is obtained. The magnetic field interaction is seen to be equivalent to first order to the interaction of a complex charged field with an external electric potential, where this ficticious "electric potential" is proportional to the external magnetic field. This allows one to solve for the scattering amplitudes using already known scalar QED results. From the scalar QED analog the axion and the photon are symmetric and antisymmetric combinations of particle and antiparticle. If one considers therefore scattering experiments in which the two spatial dimensions of the effective theory are involved non trivially, one observes that both particle and antiparticle components of photons and axions are preferentially scattered in different directions, thus producing the splitting or decomposition of the photon and axion into their particle and antiparticle components in an inhomogeneous magnetic field. This observable in principle effect is of first order in the axion photon coupling, unlike the "light shining through a wall phenomena ", which is second order.
E. I. Guendelman
Brushed permanent magnet DC MLC motor operation in an external magnetic field
Purpose: Linac-MR systems for real-time image-guided radiotherapy will utilize the multileaf collimators (MLCs) to perform conformal radiotherapy and tumor tracking. The MLCs would be exposed to the external fringe magnetic fields of the linac-MR hybrid systems. Therefore, an experimental investigation of the effect of an external magnetic field on the brushed permanent magnet DC motors used in some MLC systems was performed. Methods: The changes in motor speed and current were measured for varying external magnetic field strengths up to 2000 G generated by an EEV electromagnet. These changes in motor characteristics were measured for three orientations of the motor in the external magnetic field, mimicking changes in motor orientations due to installation and/or collimator rotations. In addition, the functionality of the associated magnetic motor encoder was tested. The tested motors are used with the Varian 120 leaf Millennium MLC (Maxon Motor half leaf and full leaf motors) and the Varian 52 leaf MKII MLC (MicroMo Electronics leaf motor) including a carriage motor (MicroMo Electronics). Results: In most cases, the magnetic encoder of the motors failed prior to any damage to the gearbox or the permanent magnet motor itself. This sets an upper limit of the external magnetic field strength on the motor function. The measured limits of the external magnetic fields were found to vary by the motor type. The leaf motor used with a Varian 52 leaf MKII MLC system tolerated up to 450{+-}10 G. The carriage motor tolerated up to 2000{+-}10 G field. The motors used with the Varian 120 leaf Millennium MLC system were found to tolerate a maximum of 600{+-}10 G. Conclusions: The current Varian MLC system motors can be used for real-time image-guided radiotherapy coupled to a linac-MR system, provided the fringe magnetic fields at their locations are below the determined tolerance levels. With the fringe magnetic fields of linac-MR systems expected to be larger than the tolerance levels determined, some form of magnetic shielding would be required.
Yun, J.; St Aubin, J.; Rathee, S.; Fallone, B. G. [Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11322-89 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Canada) and Department of Oncology, Medical Physics Division, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2 (Canada); Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2 (Canada) and Department of Oncology, Medical Physics Division, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2 (Canada); Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11322-89 Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G7 (Canada); Department of Medical Physics, Cross Cancer Institute, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2 (Canada) and Department of Oncology, Medical Physics Division, University of Alberta, 11560 University Avenue, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 1Z2 (Canada)
Vacuum pressures and energy in a strong magnetic field
We study vacuum in a strong magnetic field. It shows a nonlinear response, as a ferromagnetic medium. Anisotropic pressures arise, and a negative pressure is exerted in the direction perpendicular to the field. The analogy of this effect with the Casimir effect is analyzed. The vacuum transverse pressure is found to be of the same order of the statistical pressure for $B\\sim10^{15}G$ and $N\\sim10^{33}electrons/cm^{3}$. Vacuum interaction with the field is studied also for $B\\sim10^{16}G$ and larger, including the electron anomalous magnetic moment. We estimate quark contribution to vacuum behavior.
H. Perez Rojas; E. Rodriguez Querts
Stability of the toroidal magnetic field in rotating stars
The magnetic field in stellar radiation zones can play an important role in phenomena such as mixing, angular momentum transport, etc. We study the effect of rotation on the stability of a predominantly toroidal magnetic field in the radiation zone. In particular we considered the stability in spherical geometry by means of a linear analysis in the Boussinesq approximation. It is found that the effect of rotation on the stability depends on a magnetic configuration. If the toroidal field increases with the spherical radius, the instability cannot be suppressed entirely even by a very fast rotation. Rotation can only decrease the growth rate of instability. If the field decreases with the radius, the instability has a threshold and can be completey suppressed.
Bonanno, Alfio
Non-axisymmetric instability of axisymmetric magnetic fields
The MHD instabilities can generate complex field topologies even if the initial field configuration is a very simple one. We consider the stability properties of magnetic configurations containing a toroidal and an axial field. In this paper, we concentrate mainly on the behavior of non-axisymmetric perturbations in axisymmetric magnetic configurations. The stability is treated by a linear analysis of ideal MHD equations.In the presence of an axial field, it is shown that the instability can occur for a wide range of the azimuthal wavenumber $m$, and its growth rate increases with increasing $m$. At given $m$, the growth rate is at its maximum for perturbations with the axial wave-vector that makes the Alfv\\'en frequency approximately vanishing. We argue that the instability of magnetic configurations in the ideal MHD can typically be dominated by perturbations with very short azimuthal and axial wavelengths.
Bonanno, Alfio
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We investigate an intensification mechanism for the magnetic field near the base of the solar convection zone that does not rely on differential rotation. Such mechanism in addition to differential rotation has been suggested by studies of flux emergence, which typically require field strength in excess of those provided by differential rotation alone. We study here a process in which potential energy of the superadiabatically stratified convection zone is converted into magnetic energy. This mechanism, known as the 'explosion of magnetic flux tubes', has been previously studied in thin flux tube approximation as well as two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations; here we expand the investigation to three-dimensional MHD simulations. Our main result is that enough intensification can be achieved in a three-dimensional magnetic flux sheet as long as the spatial scale of the imposed perturbation normal to the magnetic field is sufficiently large. When this spatial scale is small, the flux sheet tends to rise toward the surface, resulting in a significant decrease of the magnetic field amplification.
Hotta, H.; Yokoyama, T. [Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Rempel, M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO 80307 (United States)
Edge states induced by Iwatsuka Hamiltonians with positive magnetic fields
We study purely magnetic Schr\\"odinger operators in two-dimensions $(x,y)$ with magnetic fields $b(x)$ that depend only on the $x$-coordinate. The magnetic field $b(x)$ is assumed to be bounded, there are constants $0 \\epsilon$. The case of a jump in the magnetic field at $x=0$ corresponding to $\\epsilon=0$ is also studied. We prove that the magnetic field creates an effective barrier near $x=0$ that causes edge currents to flow along it consistent with the classical interpretation. We prove lower bounds on edge currents carried by states with energy localized inside the energy bands of the Hamiltonian. We prove that these edge current-carrying states are well-localized in $x$ to a region of size $b_-^{-1/2}$, also consistent with the classical interpretation. We demonstrate that the edge currents are stable with respect to various magnetic and electric perturbations. For a family of perturbations compactly supported in the $y$-direction, we prove that the time asymptotic current exists and satisfies the same lower bound.
Peter D. Hislop; Eric Soccorsi
Influence of the Earth's magnetic field on large area photomultipliers
The influence of the Earth's magnetic field on large area photomultipliers proposed for a future deep sea neutrino telescope was studied under the EU-funded KM3NeT design study. The aims were to evaluate variations in PMT performance in the Earth's magnetic field and to decide whether the use of magnetic shielding is necessary. Measurements were performed on three Hamamatsu PMTs: two 8-inch R5912 types, one of these with super-bi-alkali photocathode, and a 10-inch R7081 type with a standard bi-alkali photocathode. The various characteristics of the PMTs were measured while varying the PMT orientations with respect to the Earth's magnetic field, both with and without a mu-metal cage as magnetic shield. In the 8-inch PMTs the impact of the magnetic field was found to be smaller than that on the 10-inch PMT. The increased quantum efficiency in the 8 super-bi-alkali PMT almost compensated its smaller detection surface compared to the 10' PMT. No significant effects were measured upon transit time and the fraction of spurious pulses. (authors)
Leonora, E.; Aiello, S. [INFN - National Inst. of Nuclear Physics, Section of Catania, CO Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania (Italy); Leotta, G. [Dept. of Physics and Astronomy of Catania, CO Via Santa Sofia 64, 95123 Catania (Italy)
The Levitated Dipole Experiment (LDX) is the first experiment of its kind to use a levitated current ring to confine a plasma in a dipole magnetic field. Unlike most other confinement devices, plasma compressibility ...
Karim, Ishtak
Impact of tangled magnetic fields on AGN-blown bubbles
There is growing consensus that feedback from AGN is the main mechanism responsible for stopping cooling flows in clusters of galaxies. AGN are known to inflate buoyant bubbles that supply mechanical power to the intracluster gas (ICM). High Reynolds number hydrodynamical simulations show that such bubbles get entirely disrupted within 100 Myr, as they rise in cluster atmospheres, which is contrary to observations. This artificial mixing has consequences for models trying to quantify the amount of heating and star formation in cool core clusters of galaxies. It has been suggested that magnetic fields can stabilize bubbles against disruption. We perform MHD simulations of fossil bubbles in the presence of tangled magnetic fields using the high order PENCIL code. We focus on the physically-motivated case where thermal pressure dominates over magnetic pressure and consider randomly oriented fields with and without maximum helicity and a case where large scale external fields drape the bubble.We find that helicity has some stabilizing effect. However, unless the coherence length of magnetic fields exceeds the bubble size, the bubbles are quickly shredded. As observations of Hydra A suggest that lengthscale of magnetic fields may be smaller then typical bubble size, this may suggest that other mechanisms, such as viscosity, may be responsible for stabilizing the bubbles. However, since Faraday rotation observations of radio lobes do not constrain large scale ICM fields well if they are aligned with the bubble surface, the draping case may be a viable alternative solution to the problem. A generic feature found in our simulations is the formation of magnetic wakes where fields are ordered and amplified. We suggest that this effect could prevent evaporation by thermal conduction of cold Halpha filaments observed in the Perseus cluster.
M. Ruszkowski; T. A. Ensslin; M. Bruggen; S. Heinz; C. Pfrommer
Magnetic field switching in parallel quantum dots
We show that the Coulomb blockade in parallel dots pierced by magnetic flux $\\Phi$ completely blocks the resonant current for any value of $\\Phi$ except for integer multiples of the flux quantum $\\Phi_0$. This non-analytic (switching) dependence of the current on $\\Phi$ arises only when the dot states that carry the current are of the same energy. The time needed to reach the steady state, however, diverges when $\\Phi\\to n\\Phi_0$. This current switch effect can find application in nano-circuit devices.
Li, Feng; Zhang, Wei-Min; Gurvitz, S A
The formation and the temporal evolution of a bipolar moving magnetic feature (MMF) was studied with high-spatial and temporal resolution. The photometric properties were observed with the New Solar Telescope at Big Bear Solar Observatory using a broadband TiO filter (705.7 nm), while the magnetic field was analyzed using the spectropolarimetric data obtained by Hinode. For the first time, we observed a bipolar MMF simultaneously in intensity images and magnetic field data, and studied the details of its structure. The vector magnetic field and the Doppler velocity of the MMF were also studied. A bipolar MMF with its positive polarity closer to the negative penumbra formed, accompanied by a bright, filamentary structure in the TiO data connecting the MMF and a dark penumbral filament. A fast downflow ({<=}2 km s{sup -1}) was detected at the positive polarity. The vector magnetic field obtained from the full Stokes inversion revealed that a bipolar MMF has a U-shaped magnetic field configuration. Our observations provide a clear intensity counterpart of the observed MMF in the photosphere, and strong evidence of the connection between the MMF and the penumbral filament as a serpentine field.
Lim, Eun-Kyung; Yurchyshyn, Vasyl; Goode, Philip, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Big Bear Solar Observatory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, 40386 North Shore Lane, Big Bear City, CA 92314-9672 (United States)
Magnetic Shape Memory Alloys (MSMAs) combine shape-change/deformationrecovery abilities of heat driven conventional shape memory alloys (SMA) and magnetic field driven magnetostrictives through martensitic transformation. They are promising for actuator applications, and can be employed as sensors/power-harvesters due to their capability to convert mechanical stimuli into magnetic response or vice versa. The purpose of the present work was to investigate magneto-thermo-mechanical (MTM) response of various MSMAs, under simultaneously applied magnetic field, heat and stress. To accomplish this, two novel testing systems which allowed absolute control on magnetic field and stress/strain in a wide and stable range of temperature were designed and manufactured. MTM characterization of MSMAs enabled us to determine the effects of main parameters on reversible magnetic field-induced phase transformation (FIPT), such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy, Zeeman energy, stress hysteresis, thermal hysteresis, critical stress to start stress induced phase transformation and crystal orientation. Conventional SMA characteristics of single crystalline Ni2MnGa and NiMnCoIn and polycrystalline NiMnCoAl and NiMnCoSn MSMAs were investigated using the macroscopic MTM testing system to reveal how these conventional properties were linked to magnetic-field-induced actuation. An actuation stress of 5 MPa and a work output of 157 kJm?3 were obtained by the field-induced martensite variant reorientation (VR) in NiMnGa alloys. FIPT was investigated both in Ni2MnGa MSMA and in NiMnCoIn metamagnetic SMA. It proved as an alternative governing mechanism of field-induced shape change to VR in Ni2MnGa single crystals: one-way and reversible (0.5% cyclic magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) under 22 MPa) stress-assisted FIPTs were realized under low field magnitudes (power by means of VR in NiMnGa MSMAs was explored: without enhanced pickup coil parameters or optimized power conditioning circuitry, 280 mV was harvested at 10 Hz frequency within a strain range of 4.9%. For the first time in magnetic shape memory alloys literature, a fully recoverable MFIS of 3% under 125 MPa was attained on single crystalline metamagnetic SMA NiMnCoIn by means of our microscopic MTM testing system to understand the evolution of FIPT under simultaneously applied magnetic field and stress. Conventional SMA characteristics of polycrystalline bulk NiMnCoAl and sintered compacted-powder NiMnCoSn metamagnetic SMAs were also investigated, with and without applied field.
Basaran, Burak
Towards Integrated Design and Modeling of High Field Accelerator Magnets
The next generation of superconducting accelerator magnets will most likely use a brittle conductor (such as Nb{sub 3}Sn), generate fields around 18 T, handle forces that are 3-4 times higher than in the present LHC dipoles, and store energy that starts to make accelerator magnets look like fusion magnets. To meet the challenge and reduce the complexity, magnet design will have to be more innovative and better integrated. The recent design of several high field superconducting magnets have now benefited from the integration between CAD (e.g. ProE), magnetic analysis tools (e.g. TOSCA) and structural analysis tools (e.g. ANSYS). Not only it is now possible to address complex issues such as stress in magnet ends, but the analysis can be better detailed an extended into new areas previously too difficult to address. Integrated thermal, electrical and structural analysis can be followed from assembly and cool-down through excitation and quench propagation. In this paper we report on the integrated design approach, discuss analysis results and point out areas of future interest.
Caspi, S.; Ferracin, P.
Solar flares and coronal mass ejections, the most catastrophic eruptions in our solar system, have been known to affect terrestrial environments and infrastructure. However, because their triggering mechanism is still not sufficiently understood, our capacity to predict the occurrence of solar eruptions and to forecast space weather is substantially hindered. Even though various models have been proposed to determine the onset of solar eruptions, the types of magnetic structures capable of triggering these eruptions are still unclear. In this study, we solved this problem by systematically surveying the nonlinear dynamics caused by a wide variety of magnetic structures in terms of three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations. As a result, we determined that two different types of small magnetic structures favor the onset of solar eruptions. These structures, which should appear near the magnetic polarity inversion line (PIL), include magnetic fluxes reversed to the potential component or the nonpotential component of major field on the PIL. In addition, we analyzed two large flares, the X-class flare on 2006 December 13 and the M-class flare on 2011 February 13, using imaging data provided by the Hinode satellite, and we demonstrated that they conform to the simulation predictions. These results suggest that forecasting of solar eruptions is possible with sophisticated observation of a solar magnetic field, although the lead time must be limited by the timescale of changes in the small magnetic structures.
Kusano, K.; Bamba, Y.; Yamamoto, T. T. [Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601 (Japan); Iida, Y.; Toriumi, S. [Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan); Asai, A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Unit of Synergetic Studies for Space, Kyoto University, 17 Kitakazan Ohmine-cho, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8471 (Japan)
Enhancement of accelerating field of microwave cavities by magnetic insulation
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Limitations on the maximum achievable accelerating gradient of microwave cavities can strongly influence the performance, length, and cost of particle accelerators. Gradient limitations are widely believed to be initiated by electron emission from the cavity surfaces. Here, we show that the deleterious effects of field emission are effectively suppressed by applying a tangential magnetic field to the cavity walls. With the aid of numerical simulations we compute the field strength required to insulate an 805 MHz cavity and estimate the cavity's tolerances to typical experimental errors such as magnet misalignments and positioning errors. Then, we review an experimental program, currently under progress, to further study the concept. Finally, we report on two specific examples that illustrate the feasibility of magnetic insulation into prospective particle accelerator applications.
Stratakis, D.; Gallardo, J.; Palmer, R.B.
Molecular cloud formation and magnetic fields in spiral galaxies
We present ongoing hydrodynamic and MHD simulations of molecular cloud formation in spiral galaxies. The hydrodynamic results show the formation of molecular gas clouds where spiral shocks compress atomic gas to high densities. The spiral shocks also produce structure in the spiral arms, provided the gas is cold (gas than when a single phase is assumed. We also discuss very recent results from galactic-scale MHD calculations. From observational comparisons of the magnetic and thermal pressure, magnetic fields are expected to be a major factor in explaining the dynamics of the ISM, from kpc scales to those of star formation. We describe the difference in structure of the spiral arms, and the evolution of the global magnetic field for a range of field strengths.
Clare Dobbs; Daniel Price; Ian Bonnell
Particle energization through time-periodic helical magnetic fields
We solve for the motion of charged particles in a helical time-periodic ABC (Arnold-Beltrami-Childress) magnetic field. The magnetic field lines of a stationary ABC field with $A=B=C=1$ are chaotic, and we show that the motion of a charged particle in such a field is also chaotic at late time with positive Lyapunov exponent. We further show that in time-periodic (frequency $\\omega$) ABC fields the kinetic energy of a charged particle can increase indefinitely with time. At late times the mean kinetic energy grows as a power law in time with exponent $\\xi$ that approaches unity. For an initial distribution of particles, whose kinetic energy is uniformly distributed within some interval, the PDF of kinetic energy is, at late time, close to a Gaussian but with steeper tails.
Dhrubaditya Mitra; Axel Brandenburg; Brahmananda Dasgupta; Eyvind Niklasson; Abhay Ram
Effects of fringing magnetic fields on MHD seawater thruster performance
There are several loss mechanisms that influence the flow and electrical field characteristics of an MHD seawater thruster and hence its performance. Among those losses are the jet losses, ohmic losses, three-dimensional effects, and electrical end losses. Some of those loss mechanisms have been discussed before, together with the parameters affecting the thruster performance. Thruster electrical end losses are caused by the fringing of the magnetic field near the ends of the electrodes, and by the nonuniformity of the current and electric fields across the thruster, particularly near the ends of the electrodes. Therefore, the current density cannot be calculated from a simple one-dimensional relationship. Rather, a multi-dimensional solution of the electric fields should be performed. No simple expression can be written for the electrical end losses, because end effects depend on several parameters that include the thruster aspect ratio, load factor and the profile of the magnetic field in the fringe region away from the electrodes.
Doss, E.D.; Geyer, H.K.
Effects of fringing magnetic fields on MHD seawater thruster performance
There are several loss mechanisms that influence the flow and electrical field characteristics of an MHD seawater thruster and hence its performance. Among those losses are the jet losses, ohmic losses, three-dimensional effects, and electrical end losses. Some of those loss mechanisms have been discussed before, together with the parameters affecting the thruster performance. Thruster electrical end losses are caused by the fringing of the magnetic field near the ends of the electrodes, and by the nonuniformity of the current and electric fields across the thruster, particularly near the ends of the electrodes. Therefore, the current density cannot be calculated from a simple one-dimensional relationship. Rather, a multi-dimensional solution of the electric fields should be performed. No simple expression can be written for the electrical end losses, because end effects depend on several parameters that include the thruster aspect ratio, load factor and the profile of the magnetic field in the fringe region away from the electrodes.
Doss, E.D.; Geyer, H.K.
Direct observation of Oersted-field-induced magnetization dynamics in magnetic nanostripes
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We have used time-resolved x-ray photoemission electron microscopy to investigate the magnetization dynamics induced by nanosecond current pulses in NiFe/Cu/Co nanostripes. A large tilt of the NiFe magnetization in the direction transverse to the stripe is observed during the pulses. We show that this effect cannot be quantitatively understood from the amplitude of the Oersted field and the shape anisotropy. High-frequency oscillations observed at the onset of the pulses are attributed to precessional motion of the NiFe magnetization about the effective field. We discuss the possible origins of the large magnetization tilt and the potential implications of the static and dynamic effects of the Oersted field on current-induced domain-wall motion in such stripes.
Uhlir, V. [Institut Neel, Centre national de la recherche scientifique and Universite Joseph Fourier, BP166, F-38042 Grenoble (France); Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61669 Brno (Czech Republic); Pizzini, S.; Rougemaille, N.; Ranno, L.; Fruchart, O.; Wagner, E.; Vogel, J. [Institut Neel, Centre national de la recherche scientifique and Universite Joseph Fourier, BP166, F-38042 Grenoble (France); Cros, V. [Unite Mixte de Physique CNRS-Thales, Route departementale 128, F-91767 Palaiseau Cedex (France); Jimenez, E.; Camarero, J. [Departamento Fisica de la Materia Condensada, Instituto ''Nicolas Cabrera'' and Instituto Madrileno de Estudios Avanzados-Nanociencia, Campus Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid (Spain); Urbanek, M. [Institute of Physical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, CZ-61669 Brno (Czech Republic); Gaudin, G. [SPINTEC, UMR8191 CEA/CNRS/UJF/Grenoble INP, INAC, F-38045 Grenoble (France); Tieg, C. [European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, BP200, F-38043 Grenoble (France); Sirotti, F. [Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
On the ordering of energy levels in homogeneous magnetic fields
We study the energy levels of a single particle in a homogeneous magnetic field and in an axially symmetric external potential. For potentials that are superharmonic off the central axis, we find a general ``pseudoconcave'' ordering of the ground state energies of the Hamiltonian restricted to the sectors with fixed angular momentum. The physical applications include atoms and ions in strong magnetic fields. There the energies are monotone increasing and concave in angular momentum. In the case of a periodic chain of atoms the pseudoconcavity extends to the entire lowest band of Bloch functions.
Bernhard Baumgartner; Robert Seiringer
Homogenous BSCCO-2212 Round Wires for Very High Field Magnets
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The performance demands on modern particle accelerators generate a relentless push towards higher field magnets. In turn, advanced high field magnet development places increased demands on superconducting materials. Nb3Sn conductors have been used to achieve 16 T in a prototype dipole magnet and are thought to have the capability for {approx}18 T for accelerator magnets (primarily dipoles but also higher order multipole magnets). However there have been suggestions and proposals for such magnets higher than 20 T. The High Energy Physics Community (HEP) has identified important new physics opportunities that are enabled by extremely high field magnets: 20 to 50 T solenoids for muon cooling in a muon collider (impact: understanding of neutrinos and dark matter); and 20+ T dipoles and quadrupoles for high energy hadron colliders (impact: discovery reach far beyond present). This proposal addresses the latest SBIR solicitation that calls for grant applications that seek to develop new or improved superconducting wire technologies for magnets that operate at a minimum of 12 Tesla (T) field, with increases up to 15 to 20 T sought in the near future (three to five years). The long-term development of accelerator magnets with fields greater than 20 T will require superconducting wires having significantly better high-field properties than those possessed by current Nb{sub 3}Sn or other A15 based wires. Given the existing materials science base for Bi-2212 wire processing, we believe that Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} (Bi-2212) round wires can be produced in km-long piece lengths with properties suitable to meet both the near term and long term needs of the HEP community. The key advance will be the translation of this materials science base into a robust, high-yield wire technology. While the processing and application of A15 materials have advanced to a much higher level than those of the copper oxide-based, high T{sub c} (HTS) counterparts, the HTS materials have the very significant advantage of an extremely high H{sub c2}. For this reason, Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub y} (Bi-2212, or 2212) in the form of a multifilamentary Ag alloy matrix composite is beginning to attract the interest of the magnet community for future extremely high-field magnets or magnet-insert coils for 4.2K operation. Fig. 1 shows an example of excellent JE (engineering current density) in Bi-2212 round wire at fields up to 45 T, demonstrating the potential for high field applications of this material. For comparison, the Nb{sub 3}Sn wires used in magnets in the 16-18 T range typically perform with J{sub E} in the range 200-500 A/mm{sup 2}; the Bi-2212 wire retains this level of performance to fields at least as high as 45 T, and probably significantly higher. Bi-2212 conductors have in fact been used to generate a 25 T field in a superconducting insert magnet. These two factors- the very high field critical current performance of Bi-2212, and the already demonstrated capability of this material for high field magnets up to 25 T, strongly suggest this material as a leading contender for the next generation high field superconducting (HFS) wire. This potential was recognized by the US Academy of Science's Committee on Opportunities in High Magnetic Field Science. Their report of the same name specifically calls out the high field potential for this material, and suggests that 30 T magnets appear feasible based on the performance of 2212. There are several requirements for HFS conductors. The most obvious is J{sub E} (B, T), the engineering current density at the field and temperature of operation. As shown in Fig. 1, Bi-2212 excels in this regard. Stability requirements for magnets dictate that the effective filament diameter should be less than 30 micrometers, something that Bi-2212 multifilamentary wire can uniquely satisfy among the HFS superconducting wire technologies. Additional requirements include mechanical properties that prevent stress limitation of J{sub E} at the operating conditions, resistive transition index (n-value) suffic
Dr. Scott Campbell Dr. Terry Holesinger Dr. Ybing Huang
A current concern. [Electromagnetic fields
This article examines the risk to homeowners of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). Studies that link EMF to cancer are described and recommendations are given for prudent avoidance. Appliance manufacturers claim to have found no economically feasible way to shield emissions. Meanwhile the EPA's health effects research in this area has been suspended because of budgetary constraints.
Brinckerhoff, S.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The appearance of hole currents in tokamaks seems to be very important in plasma confinement and on-set of instabilities, and this paper is devoted to study the topology changes of poloidal magnetic fields in tokamaks. In order to determine these fields different models for current profiles can be considered. It seems to us, that one of the best analytic descriptions is given by V. Yavorskij et al., which has been chosen for the calculations here performed. Suitable analytic equations for the family of magnetic field surfaces with triangularity and Shafranov shift are written down here. The topology of the magnetic field determines the amount of trapped particles in the generalized mirror type magnetic field configurations. Here it is found that the number of maximums and minimums of Bp depends mainly on triangularity, but the pattern is also depending of the existence or not of hole currents. Our calculations allow comparing the topology of configurations of similar parameters, but with and without whole currents. These differences are study for configurations with equal ellipticity but changing the triangularity parameters. Positive and negative triangularities are considered and compared between them.
Puerta, Julio; Martin, Pablo; Castro, Enrique [Universidad Simon Bolivar, Departamento de Fisica, Plasma Physics Laboratory, Caracas (Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of)
Strongest non-destructive magnetic field: world record set at 100-tesla
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Strongest non-destructive magnetic field: world record set at Strongest non-destructive magnetic field: world record set at 100-tesla level Strongest non-destructive magnetic field: world record set at 100-tesla level National High Magnetic Field Laboratory magnet achieved a whopping 100.75 tesla-the 100-tesla level is roughly equivalent to 2 million times Earth's magnetic field. March 22, 2012 World record set at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Los Alamos In 2011, researchers at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory set a new world record for the strongest nondestructive magnet field: 97.4 tesla. The feat positioned them to in March 2012 deliver a magnet capable of achieving the elusive 100-tesla goal, profoundly affecting a range of scientific investigations. Get Expertise Director, Pulsed Field Facility
An ultra-low magnetic field NMR system can non-invasively examine containers. Database matching techniques can then identify hazardous materials within the containers. Ultra-low field NMR systems are ideal for this purpose because they do not require large powerful magnets and because they can examine materials enclosed in conductive shells such as lead shells. The NMR examination technique can be combined with ultra-low field NMR imaging, where an NMR image is obtained and analyzed to identify target volumes. Spatial sensitivity encoding can also be used to identify target volumes. After the target volumes are identified the NMR measurement technique can be used to identify their contents.
Kraus, Robert H. (Los Alamos, NM); Matlashov, Andrei N. (Los Alamos, NM); Espy, Michelle A. (Los Alamos, NM); Volegov, Petr L. (Los Alamos, NM)
Stability of magnetic configurations containing the toroidal and axial fields
Stability properties of magnetic-field configurations containing the toroidal and axial field are considered. The stability is treated by making use of linear analysis. It is shown that the conditions required for the onset of instability are essentially different from those given by the necessary condition $d (s B_{\\phi})/ds > 0$, where $s$ is the cylindrical radius. The growth rate of instability is calculated for a wide range of the parameters. We argue that the instability can operate in two different regimes depending on the strength of the axial field and the profile of the toroidal field.
Bonanno, Alfio
Kinetic models of current sheets with a sheared magnetic field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Thin current sheets, whose existence in the Earth's magnetotail is confirmed by numerous spacecraft measurements, are studied analytically and numerically. The thickness of such sheets is on the order of the ion Larmor radius, and the normal component of the magnetic field (B{sub z}) in the sheet is almost constant, while the tangential (B{sub x}) and shear (B{sub y}) components depend on the transverse coordinate z. The current density in the sheet also has two self-consistent components (j{sub x} and j{sub y}, respectively), and the magnetic field lines are deformed and do not lie in a single plane. To study such quasi-one-dimensional current configurations, two kinetic models are used, in particular, a numerical model based on the particle-in-cell method and an analytical model. The calculated results show that two different modes of the self-consistent shear magnetic field B{sub y} and, accordingly, two thin current sheet configurations can exist for the same input parameters. For the mode with an antisymmetric z profile of the B{sub y} component, the magnetic field lines within the sheet are twisted, whereas the profiles of the plasma density, current density component j{sub y}, and magnetic field component B{sub x} differ slightly from those in the case of a shearless magnetic field (B{sub y} = 0). For the symmetric B{sub y} mode, the magnetic field lines lie in a curved surface. In this case, the plasma density in the sheet varies slightly and the current sheet is two times thicker. Analysis of the dependence of the current sheet structure on the flow anisotropy shows that the sheet thickness decreases significantly with decreasing ratio between the thermal and drift plasma velocities, which is caused by the dynamics of quasi-adiabatic ions. It is shown that the results of the analytical and numerical models are in good agreement. The problems of application of these models to describe current sheets at the magnetopause and near magnetic reconnection regions are discussed.
Mingalev, O. V.; Mingalev, I. V.; Mel'nik, M. N. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Polar Geophysical Institute, Cola Science Center (Russian Federation); Artemyev, A. V.; Malova, H. V.; Popov, V. Yu. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute (Russian Federation); Chao, Shen [Chinese Academy of Sciences, Center for Space Science and Applied Research (China); Zelenyi, L. M. [Russian Academy of Sciences, Space Research Institute (Russian Federation)
The variable magnetic field of the solar photosphere exhibits periodic reversals as a result of dynamo activity occurring within the solar interior. We decompose the surface field as observed by both the Wilcox Solar Observatory and the Michelson Doppler Imager into its harmonic constituents, and present the time evolution of the mode coefficients for the past three sunspot cycles. The interplay between the various modes is then interpreted from the perspective of general dynamo theory, where the coupling between the primary and secondary families of modes is found to correlate with large-scale polarity reversals for many examples of cyclic dynamos. Mean-field dynamos based on the solar parameter regime are then used to explore how such couplings may result in the various long-term trends in the surface magnetic field observed to occur in the solar case.
DeRosa, M. L. [Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, 3251 Hanover St. B/252, Palo Alto, CA 94304 (United States); Brun, A. S. [Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay, CEA/Irfu Universite Paris-Diderot CNRS/INSU, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Hoeksema, J. T. [W. W. Hansen Experimental Physics Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States)
Self-Generated Magnetic Fields in Galactic Cooling Flows
Interstellar magnetic fields in elliptical galaxies are assumed to have their origin in stellar fields that accompany normal mass loss from an evolving population of old stars. The seed fields are amplified by interstellar turbulence driven by stellar mass loss and supernova events. These disordered fields are further amplified by time-dependent compression in the inward moving galactic cooling flow and are expected to dominate near the galactic core. Under favorable circumstances, fields similar in strength to those observed $B \\sim 1-10~(r/10~kpc)^{-1.2}\\mu$G can be generated solely from these natural galactic processes. In general the interstellar field throughout elliptical galaxies is determined by the outermost regions in the interstellar gas where the turbulent dynamo process can occur. Because of the long hydrodynamic flow times in galactic cooling flows, currently observed magnetic fields may result from periods of intense turbulent field amplification that occurred in the outer galaxy in the distant past. Particularly strong fields in ellipticals may result from ancient galactic mergers or shear turbulence introduced at the boundary between the interstellar gas and ambient cluster gas.
William G. Mathews; Fabrizio Brighenti
On magnetic-field-induced dissipationless electric current in nanowires
We propose a general design of a metallic double-nanowire structure which may support an equilibrium dissipationless electric current in the presence of magnetic field. The structure consists of a compact wire element of a specific shape, which is periodically extended in one spatial dimension. Topologically, each wire element is equivalent to a ring, which supports a dissipationless current in the presence of magnetic flux similarly to the persistent electric current in a normal metal nanoring. Geometrically, each wire element breaks spatial inversion symmetry so that the equilibrium electric current through the device becomes nonzero. We also argue that the same effect should exist in long planar chiral nanoribbons subjected to external magnetic field.
M. N. Chernodub
What is a flux tube? On the magnetic field topology of buoyant flux structures
What is a flux tube? On the magnetic field topology of buoyant flux structures Fausto Cattaneo study the topology of field lines threading buoyant magnetic flux struc- tures. The magnetic structures  Sun: interior  Sun: magnetic fields  Stars: spots 1 Current address: Department of Mathematics
Triggering for Magnetic Field Measurements of the LCLS Undulators
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A triggering system for magnetic field measurements of the LCLS undulators has been built with a National Instruments PXI-1002 and a Xylinx FPGA board. The system generates single triggers at specified positions, regardless of encoder sensor jitter about a linear scale.
Hacker, Kirsten
New approaches to thermoelectric cooling effects in magnetic fields
The authors review thermoelectric effects in a magnetic field at a phenomenological level. Discussions of the limiting performance and problems with its computation for both Peltier and Ettingshausen coolers are presented. New principles are discussed to guide the materials scientist in the search for better Ettingshausen materials, and a brief review of the subtle measurement problems is presented.
Migliori, A.; Darling, T.W.; Freibert, F.; Trugman, S.A.; Moshopoulou, E. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Sarrao, J.L. [Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States)
Energy Spectrum of Anyons in a Magnetic Field
For the many-anyon system in external magnetic field, we derive the energy spectrum as an exact solution of the quantum eigenvalue problem with particular topological constraints. Our results agree with the numerical spectra recently obtained for the 3- and the 4-anyon systems.
Fabrizio Illuminati
Influence of primordial magnetic fields on 21 cm emission
Magnetic fields in the early universe can significantly alter the thermal evolution and the ionization history during the dark ages. This is reflected in the 21 cm line of atomic hydrogen, which is coupled to the gas temperature through collisions at high redshifts, and through the Wouthuysen-Field effect at low redshifts. We present a semi-analytic model for star formation and the build-up of a Lyman alpha background in the presence of magnetic fields, and calculate the evolution of the mean 21 cm brightness temperature and its frequency gradient as a function of redshift. We further discuss the evolution of linear fluctuations in temperature and ionization in the presence of magnetic fields and calculate the effect on the 21 cm power spectrum. At high redshifts, the signal is increased compared to the non-magnetic case due to the additional heat input into the IGM from ambipolar diffusion and the decay of MHD turbulence. At lower redshifts, the formation of luminous objects and the build-up of a Lyman alpha...
Schleicher, Dominik R G; Klessen, Ralf S
A linear helicon plasma device with controllable magnetic field gradient
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Current free double layers (CFDLs) are localized potential structures having spatial dimensions - Debye lengths and potential drops of more than local electron temperature across them. CFDLs do not need a current for them to be sustained and hence they differ from the current driven double layers. Helicon antenna produced plasmas in an expanded chamber along with an expanding magnetic field have shown the existence of CFDL near the expansion region. A helicon plasma device has been designed, fabricated, and installed in the Institute for Plasma Research, India to study the role of maximum magnetic field gradient as well as its location with respect to the geometrical expansion region of the chamber in CFDL formation. The special feature of this machine consisting of two chambers of different radii is its capability of producing different magnetic field gradients near the physical boundary between the two chambers either by changing current in one particular coil in the direction opposite to that in other coils and/or by varying the position of this particular coil. Although, the machine is primarily designed for CFDL experiments, it is also capable of carrying out many basic plasma physics experiments such as wave propagation, wave coupling, and plasma instabilities in a varying magnetic field topology. In this paper, we will present the details of the machine construction, its specialties, and some preliminary results about the production and characterization of helicon plasma in this machine.
Barada, Kshitish K.; Chattopadhyay, P. K.; Ghosh, J.; Kumar, Sunil; Saxena, Y. C. [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382428 (India)
Molecular Lines as Diagnostics of Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields
Molecular Lines as Diagnostics of Solar and Stellar Magnetic Fields S.V. Berdyugina1, S.K. Solanki2 (Berdyugina et al. 2000; Berdyugina & Solanki 2001a). The synthetic Stokes profiles of various molecular and sunspot temperature. Introducing molecular lines into the inversion of sunspot spectra leads
Berdyugina, Svetlana
Energy Eigenvalues of Kemmer Equation for a Homogeneous Magnetic Field
This article illustrates a completely algebraic method to obtain the energy levels of a massive spin-1 particle moving in a constant magnetic field. In the process to obtain the energy levels the wave function was written by harmonic oscillator solutions.
A. Havare; K. Sogut
Spin flip probability of electron in a uniform magnetic field
The probability that an electromagnetic wave can flip the spin of an electron is calculated. It is assumed that the electron resides in a uniform magnetic field and interacts with an incoming electromagnetic pulse. The scattering matrix is constructed and the time needed to flip the spin is calculated.
Hammond, Richard T. [Department of Physics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina and Army Research Office, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27703 (United States)
Method for the detection of a magnetic field utilizing a magnetic vortex
The determination of the strength of an in-plane magnetic field utilizing one or more magnetically-soft, ferromagnetic member, having a shape, size and material whereas a single magnetic vortex is formed at remanence in each ferromagnetic member. The preferred shape is a thin circle, or dot. Multiple ferromagnetic members can also be stacked on-top of each other and separated by a non-magnetic spacer. The resulting sensor is hysteresis free. The sensor's sensitivity, and magnetic saturation characteristics may be easily tuned by simply altering the material, size, shape, or a combination thereof to match the desired sensitivity and saturation characteristics. The sensor is self-resetting at remanence and therefore does not require any pinning techniques.
Novosad, Valentyn (Chicago, IL); Buchanan, Kristen (Batavia, IL)
A theory of magnetization transport of a single spin-species in a spatially varying magnetic field is derived from entropic considerations. The theory describes thermodynamic transport in the language of differential geometry. Both magnetization diffusion and separation are predicted from a sample geometry, a magnetic field geometry, an entropy density function, and a single space-time scale. It is expressed first and most generally as coupled nonlinear partial differential equations, which are valid for the regime of high dipole-energy and magnetization. Second, the nonlinear model is explored in the limit of low dipole-energy (semi-linear), from which is derived a physical parameter characterizing separative magnetization transport (SMT). It is shown that the necessary and sufficient condition for SMT to occur is that the SMT parameter is spatially inhomogeneous. Third, the high spin-temperature (linear) limit is derived, and is shown to be equivalent to the model of nuclear spin transport of Genack and Redfield. Differences among the three models are illustrated by numerical solution. A family of analytic, steady-state solutions to the nonlinear transport equation is derived and shown to be the spin-temperature analog of the Langevin paramagnetic equation and Curie's law. A steady-state solution for the magnetization is shown to be equivalent to the widely applied separation equation of Fenske. Moreover, we show that the SMT parameter is functionally related to the relative volatility parameter of Fenske.
Rico A. R. Picone; Joseph L. Garbini; John A. Sidles
Once-ionized helium in superstrong magnetic fields
It is generally believed that magnetic fields of some neutron stars, the so-called magnetars, are enormously strong, up to 10^{14} - 10^{15} G. Recent investigations have shown that the atmospheres of magnetars are possibly composed of helium. We calculate the structure and bound-bound radiative transitions of the He^+ ion in superstrong fields, including the effects caused by the coupling of the ion's internal degrees of freedom to its center-of-mass motion. We show that He^+ in superstrong magnetic fields can produce spectral lines with energies of up to about 3 keV, and it may be responsible for absorption features detected recently in the soft X-ray spectra of several radio-quiet isolated neutron stars. Quantization of the ion's motion across a magnetic field results in a fine structure of spectral lines, with a typical spacing of tens electron-volts in magnetar-scale fields. It also gives rise to ion cyclotron transitions, whose energies and oscillator strengths depend on the state of the bound ion.
George G. Pavlov; Victor G. Bezchastnov
Apparatus for unilateral generation of a homogeneous magnetic field
An apparatus for unilaterally producing a substantially homogeneous magnetic field. The apparatus includes two circular electromagnet coils, a small coil and a large coil, which are coaxial with one another and which are separated by a distance equal to one-half the difference in the radius of the two coils. By appropriate selection of electrical currents, which are passed through the coils in opposite directions, a region of homogeneous magnetic field is formed. This region is centered on the common axis of the two coils, at a point on the axis which is at a distance from the small coil equal to one-half the radius of the small coil, and which is on the opposite side of the small coil from the large coil. The apparatus has particular application in the field of diagnostic medical NMR and other NMR applications.
Fukushima, E.; Rath, A.R.; Roeder, S.B.W.
Apparatus for unilateral generation of a homogeneous magnetic field
An apparatus for unilaterally producing a substantially homogeneous magnetic field. The apparatus includes two circular electromagnet coils, a small coil and a large coil, which are coaxial with one another and which are separated by a distance equal to one-half the difference in the radius of the two coils. By appropriate selection of electrical currents, which are passed through the coil in opposite directions, a region of homogeneous magnetic field is formed. This region is centered on the common axis of the two coils, at a point on the axis which is at a distance from the small coil equal to one-half the radius of the small coil, and which is on the opposite side of the small coil from the large coil. The apparatus has particular application in the field of diagnostic medical NMR and other NMR applications.
Fukushima, Eiichi (Los Alamos, NM); Rath, Alan R. (San Diego, CA); Roeder, Stephen B. W. (La Mesa, CA)
Noninvasive valve monitor using constant magnetic and/or DC electromagnetic field
One or more sources of steady magnetic field are carefully located on the outside of a valve body. The constant magnetic field is transmitted into the valve body and valve internals. A magnetic field detector carefully located on the outside of the valve body detects the intensity of the magnetic field at its location. As the position of a valve internal part is changed, there is an alteration in the magnetic field in the valve, and a consequent change in the detected magnetic field. Changes in the detected signal provide an indication of the position and motion of the valve internals.
Casada, D.A.; Haynes, H.D.
Noninvasive valve monitor using constant magnetic and/or DC electromagnetic field
One or more sources of steady magnetic field are carefully located on the outside of a valve body. The constant magnetic field is transmitted into the valve body and valve internals. A magnetic field detector carefully located on the outside of the valve body detects the intensity of the magnetic field at its location. As the position of a valve internal part is changed, there is an alteration in the magnetic field in the valve, and a consequent change in the detected magnetic field. Changes in the detected signal provide an indication of the position and motion of the valve internals.
Casada, Donald A. (Knoxville, TN); Haynes, Howard D. (Knoxville, TN)
Quasi-equilibrium electron density along a magnetic field line
A methodology is developed to determine the density of high-energy electrons along a magnetic field line for a low-{beta} plasma. This method avoids the expense and statistical noise of traditional particle tracking techniques commonly used for high-energy electrons in bombardment plasma generators. By preserving the magnetic mirror and assuming a mixing timescale, typically the elastic collision frequency with neutrals, a quasi-equilibrium electron distribution can be calculated. Following the transient decay, the analysis shows that both the normalized density and the reduction fraction due to collision converge to a single quasi-equilibrium solution.
Mao, Hann-Shin; Wirz, Richard [Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States)
The spiral galaxy NGC 6946 was observed in total intensity and linear polarization in five radio bands between 3cm and 21cm. At the inner edge of the inner gas spiral arm the ordered magnetic field is only mildly compressed and turns smoothly, to become aligned along the gas arm. Hence the field is not shocked and is probably connected to the warm, diffuse gas. At larger radii, two bright magnetic arms between the optical arms are visible in polarized intensity. The field in the northern magnetic arm is almost totally aligned. Faraday rotation measures (RM) in these arms are consistent with the superposition of two low azimuthal dynamo modes. Three more magnetic arms are discovered in the outer galaxy, located between HI arms. Due to strong Faraday depolarization the galaxy is not transparent to polarized waves at 18cm and 20cm. The large-scale asymmetry in depolarization with respect to the major axis may be another indication of large-scale helical fields. Three depolarization rings of almost zero polarization seen at 20cm are probably generated by differential Faraday rotation in HII complexes in NGC 6946 of 300-500 pc size. - In the gas/optical spiral arms, the total (mostly turbulent) magnetic field is amplified to \\simeq 20\\muG. Its energy density is \\simeq 10 times larger than that of the ionized gas and is similar to that of the turbulent gas motions in the inner galaxy. The magnetic energy exceeds that of the turbulent energy in the outer galaxy.
Rainer Beck
Particle acceleration by fluctuating electric fields at a magnetic field null point
Particle acceleration consequences from fluctuating electric fields superposed on an X-type magnetic field in collisionless solar plasma are studied. Such a system is chosen to mimic generic features of dynamic reconnection, or the reconnective dissipation of a linear disturbance. We explore numerically the consequences for charged particle distributions of fluctuating electric fields superposed on an X-type magnetic field. Particle distributions are obtained by numerically integrating individual charged particle orbits when a time varying electric field is superimposed on a static X-type neutral point. This configuration represents the effects of the passage of a generic MHD disturbance through such a system. Different frequencies of the electric field are used, representing different possible types of wave. The electric field reduces with increasing distance from the X-type neutral point as in linear dynamic magnetic reconnection. The resulting particle distributions have properties that depend on the amplitude and frequency of the electric field. In many cases a bimodal form is found. Depending on the timescale for variation of the electric field, electrons and ions may be accelerated to different degrees and often have energy distributions of different forms. Protons are accelerated to $\\gamma$-ray producing energies and electrons to and above hard X-ray producing energies in timescales of 1 second. The acceleration mechanism is possibly important for solar flares and solar noise storms but is also applicable to all collisionless plasmas.
P. Petkaki; A. L. MacKinnon
Voltage spike detection in high field superconducting accelerator magnets
A measurement system for the detection of small magnetic flux changes in superconducting magnets, which are due to either mechanical motion of the conductor or flux jump, has been developed at Fermilab. These flux changes are detected as small amplitude, short duration voltage spikes, which are {approx}15mV in magnitude and lasts for {approx}30 {micro}sec. The detection system combines an analog circuit for the signal conditioning of two coil segments and a fast data acquisition system for digitizing the results, performing threshold detection, and storing the resultant data. The design of the spike detection system along with the modeling results and noise analysis will be presented. Data from tests of high field Nb{sub 3}Sn magnets at currents up to {approx}20KA will also be shown.
Orris, D.F.; Carcagno, R.; Feher, S.; Makulski, A.; Pischalnikov, Y.M.; /Fermilab
Structure and Dynamics of the Sun's Open Magnetic Field
The solar magnetic field is the primary agent that drives solar activity and couples the Sun to the Heliosphere. Although the details of this coupling depend on the quantitative properties of the field, many important aspects of the corona - solar wind connection can be understood by considering only the general topological properties of those regions on the Sun where the field extends from the photosphere out to interplanetary space, the so-called open field regions that are usually observed as coronal holes. From the simple assumptions that underlie the standard quasi-steady corona-wind theoretical models, and that are likely to hold for the Sun, as well, we derive two conjectures on the possible structure and dynamics of coronal holes: (1) Coronal holes are unique in that every unipolar region on the photosphere can contain at most one coronal hole. (2) Coronal holes of nested polarity regions must themselves be nested. Magnetic reconnection plays the central role in enforcing these constraints on the field topology. From these conjectures we derive additional properties for the topology of open field regions, and propose several observational predictions for both the slowly varying and transient corona/solar wind.
S. K. Antiochos; C. R. DeVore; J. T. Karpen; Z. Mikic
Photon Splitting and Pair Conversion in Strong Magnetic Fields
The magnetospheres of neutron stars provide a valuable testing ground for as-yet unverified theoretical predictions of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in strong electromagnetic fields. Exhibiting magnetic field strengths well in excess of a TeraGauss, such compact astrophysical environments permit the action of exotic mechanisms that are forbidden by symmetries in field-free regions. Foremost among these processes are single-photon pair creation, where a photon converts to an electron-positron pair, and magnetic photon splitting, where a single photon divides into two of lesser energy via the coupling to the external field. The pair conversion process is exponentially small in weak fields, and provides the leading order contribution to vacuum polarization. In contrast, photon splitting possesses no energy threshold and can operate in kinematic regimes where the lower order pair conversion is energetically forbidden. This paper outlines some of the key physical aspects of these processes, and highlights their manifestation in neutron star magnetospheres. Anticipated observational signatures include profound absorption turnovers in pulsar spectra at gamma-ray wavelengths. The shapes of these turnovers provide diagnostics on the possible action of pair creation and the geometrical locale of the photon emission region. There is real potential for the first confirmation of strong field QED with the new GLAST mission, to be launched by NASA in 2008. Suppression of pair creation by photon splitting and its implications for pulsars is also discussed.
Matthew G. Baring
Transport of Magnetic Fields in Convective, Accreting Supernova Cores
We consider the amplification and transport of a magnetic field in the collapsed core of a massive star, including both the region between the neutrinosphere and the shock, and the central, opaque core. An analytical argument explains why rapid convective overturns persist within a newly formed neutron star for roughly 10 seconds ($> 10^3$ overturns), consistent with recent numerical models. A dynamical balance between turbulent and magnetic stresses within this convective layer corresponds to flux densities in excess of $10^{15}$G. Material accreting onto the core is heated by neutrinos and also becomes strongly convective. We compare the expected magnetic stresses in this convective `gain layer' with those deep inside the neutron core. Buoyant motions of magnetized fluid are greatly aided by the intense neutrino flux. We calculate the transport rate through a medium containing free neutrons protons, and electrons, in the limiting cases of degenerate or non-degenerate nucleons. Fields stronger than $\\sim 10^{13}$ G are able to rise through the outer degenerate layers of the neutron core during the last stages of Kelvin-Helmholtz cooling (up to 10 seconds post-collapse), even though these layers have become stable to convection. We also find the equilibrium shape of a thin magnetic flux rope in the dense hydrostatic atmosphere of the neutron star, along with the critical separation of the footpoints above which the rope undergoes unlimited expansion against gravity. The implications of these results for pulsar magnetism are summarized, and applied to the case of late fallback over the first 1,000-10,000 s of the life of a neutron star
Christopher Thompson; Norman Murray
Semiconductor magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), composed of diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) sandwiching a semiconductor barrier, have potential applications in spintronics but their development has been slow due to the difficulty of controlling the magnetism of DMSs. In terms of density functional calculations for model semiconductor MTJs, (Zn,Co)O/ZnO/(Zn,Co)O and (Ga,Mn)N/GaN/(Ga,Mn)N, we show that the magnetic coupling between the transition metal ions in each DMS electrode of such semiconductor MTJs can be switched from ferromagnetic to antiferromagnetic, or vice versa, under the application of external electric field across the junctions. Our results suggest a possible avenue for the application of semiconductor MTJs.
Kan, E.; Xiang, H.; Yang, J.; Whangbo, M. H.
Bayesian inference of solar and stellar magnetic fields in the weak-field approximation
The weak-field approximation is one of the simplest models that allows us to relate the observed polarization induced by the Zeeman effect with the magnetic field vector present on the plasma of interest. It is usually applied for diagnosing magnetic fields in the solar and stellar atmospheres. A fully Bayesian approach to the inference of magnetic properties in unresolved structures is presented. The analytical expression for the marginal posterior distribution is obtained, from which we can obtain statistically relevant information about the model parameters. The role of a-priori information is discussed and a hierarchical procedure is presented that gives robust results that are almost insensitive to the precise election of the prior. The strength of the formalism is demonstrated through an application to IMaX data. Bayesian methods can optimally exploit data from filter-polarimeters given the scarcity of spectral information as compared with spectro-polarimeters. The effect of noise and how it degrades ou...
Ramos, A Asensio
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Inclusion of the inductive electric field, E{sub ind}, due to the temporally changing B, in magnetic explosions is discussed, with emphasis on solar flares. Several roles played by E{sub ind} are identified: on a global scale, E{sub ind} produces the electromotive force that drives the explosion; the associated E{sub ind} Multiplication-Sign B drift is identified with the inflow of magnetic field lines into a reconnection region; the polarization current, associated with {partial_derivative}E{sub ind}/{partial_derivative}t, implies a J Multiplication-Sign B force that accelerates this inflow; and the component of E{sub ind} parallel to B accelerates the energetic electrons that cause hard X-ray emission and type III radio bursts. Some simple models that describe these effects are presented. A resolution of the long-standing 'number problem' in solar flares is suggested.
Melrose, D. B. [Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia)
Magnetic field adjustment structure and method for a tapered wiggler
An improved method and structure is disclosed for adjusting the magnetic field generated by a group of electromagnet poles spaced along the path of a charged particle beam to compensate for energy losses in the charged particles which comprises providing more than one winding on at least some of the electromagnet poles; connecting one respective winding on each of several consecutive adjacent electromagnet poles to a first power supply, and the other respective winding on the electromagnet pole to a different power supply in staggered order; and independently adjusting one power supply to independently vary the current in one winding on each electromagnet pole in a group whereby the magnetic field strength of each of a group of electromagnet poles may be changed in smaller increments.
Halbach, Klaus (Berkeley, CA)
Magnetic-field induced screening effect and collective excitations
We explicitly construct the fermion propagator in a magnetic field background B to take the lowest Landau-level approximation. We analyze the energy and momentum dependence in the polarization tensor and discuss the collective excitations. We find there appear two branches of collective modes in one of two transverse gauge particles; one represents a massive and attenuated gauge particle and the other behaves similar to the zero sound at finite density.
Fukushima, Kenji [Department of Physics, Keio University, Kanagawa 223-8522 (Japan)
Circuitry, systems and methods for detecting magnetic fields
Circuitry for detecting magnetic fields includes a first magnetoresistive sensor and a second magnetoresistive sensor configured to form a gradiometer. The circuitry includes a digital signal processor and a first feedback loop coupled between the first magnetoresistive sensor and the digital signal processor. A second feedback loop which is discrete from the first feedback loop is coupled between the second magnetoresistive sensor and the digital signal processor.
Kotter, Dale K. (Shelley, ID); Spencer, David F. (Idaho Falls, ID); Roybal, Lyle G. (Idaho Falls, ID); Rohrbaugh, David T. (Idaho Falls, ID)
High temperature, magnetic field assisted (sub)THz quantum cascade laser
We demonstrate magnetic field assisted, (sub)THz quantum cascade laser operating above 200 K. This is achieved through the application of strong magnetic fields which provide an additional lateral confinement in order to ...
Wade, Aaron
The energy space for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with magnetic field
We study the energy space for the Gross-Pitaevskii equation with magnetic field and non-vanishing conditions at infinity. We provide necessary and sufficient conditions on the magnetic field for which the energy space is non-empty.
Kachmar, Ayman
Interior Permanent Magnet Reluctance Machine with Brushless Field Excitation
In a conventional permanent magnet (PM) machine, the air-gap flux produced by the PM is fixed. It is difficult to enhance the air-gap flux density due to limitations of the PM in a series-magnetic circuit. However, the air-gap flux density can be weakened by using power electronic field weakening to the limit of demagnetization of the PMs. This paper presents the test results of controlling the PM air-gap flux density through the use of a stationary brushless excitation coil in a reluctance interior permanent magnet with brushless field excitation (RIPM-BFE) motor. Through the use of this technology the air-gap flux density can be either enhanced or weakened. There is no concern with demagnetizing the PMs during field weakening. The leakage flux of the excitation coil through the PMs is blocked. The prototype motor built on this principle confirms the concept of flux enhancement and weakening through the use of excitation coils.
Wiles, R.H.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Electric and magnetic field levels associated with two residential photovoltaic energy generation facilities were characterized in this study. This measurement evaluation included static (direct current [DC]) magnetic fields and power-frequency alternating current (AC) electric and magnetic fields (up to 3,000 Hz).The major source of DC and AC magnetic fields associated with a residential solar facility is the power inverter that converts DC to AC electricity. In close proximity to one ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We characterize the changes in the longitudinal photospheric magnetic field during 38 X-class and 39 M-class flares within 65{sup 0} of disk center using 1 minute GONG magnetograms. In all 77 cases, we identify at least one site in the flaring active region where clear, permanent, stepwise field changes occurred. The median duration of the field changes was about 15 minutes and was approximately equal for X-class and for M-class flares. The absolute values of the field changes ranged from the detection limit of {approx}10 G to as high as {approx}450 G in two exceptional cases. The median value was 69 G. Field changes were significantly stronger for X-class than for M-class flares and for limb flares than for disk-center flares. Longitudinal field changes less than 100 G tended to decrease longitudinal field strengths, both close to disk center and close to the limb, while field changes greater than 100 G showed no such pattern. Likewise, longitudinal flux strengths tended to decrease during flares. Flux changes, particularly net flux changes near disk center, correlated better than local field changes with GOES peak X-ray flux. The strongest longitudinal field and flux changes occurred in flares observed close to the limb. We estimate the change of Lorentz force associated with each flare and find that this is large enough in some cases to power seismic waves. We find that longitudinal field decreases would likely outnumber increases at all parts of the solar disk within 65{sup 0} of disk center, as in our observations, if photospheric field tilts increase during flares as predicted by Hudson et al.
Petrie, G. J. D. [National Solar Observatory, 950 N. Cherry Avenue, Tucson, AZ 85719 (United States); Sudol, J. J. [West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383 (United States)
New Magnetic-Field-Sensitive Alloy Could Find Use in Novel ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... like quartz, to compress under an electric field. ... magnetostriction effect in magnetic fields as low as about ... Ichiro Takeuchi of UMd, are lower than, but ...
Ga-based passive loop optimization for magnetic field mitigation of transmission lines
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This paper presents a systematic method to assist in the design of passive loops with the aim of mitigating the magnetic field generated by overhead transmission lines. The procedure is based on a two-dimensional (2D) modeling of the magnetic field, ... Keywords: Compensated loop, Genetic algorithm, Magnetic field, Mitigation, Passive loop, Reduction factor
Pedro Cruz; Jesús M. Riquelme; Antonio de la Villa; José L. Martínez
Temperature compensated and self-calibrated current sensor using reference magnetic field
A method is described to provide temperature compensation and self-calibration of a current sensor based on a plurality of magnetic field sensors positioned around a current carrying conductor. A reference magnetic field generated within the current sensor housing is detected by the magnetic field sensors and is used to correct variations in the output signal due to temperature variations and aging.
Yakymyshyn, Christopher Paul (Seminole, FL); Brubaker, Michael Allen (Loveland, CO); Yakymyshyn, Pamela Jane (Seminole, FL)
From insulator to quantum Hall liquid at low magnetic fields
We have performed low-temperature transport measurements on a GaAs twodimensional electron system at low magnetic fields. Multiple temperatureindependent points and accompanying oscillations are observed in the longitudinal resistivity between the low-field insulator and the quantum Hall liquid. The amplitudes of these oscillations can be well described by conventional Shubnikov-de Haas theory, and our experimental results therefore support the existence of an intermediate metallic regime between the low-field insulator and quantum Hall liquid. 1 Two-dimensional (2D) phase transitions have attracted a great deal of interest recently [1–11]. To date, despite many existing experimental and theoretical studies on 2D phase transitions, there are still some interesting but unresolved issues. In particular, it is still under debate whether a direct transition from an insulator (I) to a high Landau level filling factor (? ? 3) quantum Hall (QH) state at low magnetic fields B is a genuine phase transition. Experimentally, a single approximately temperature (T)-independent point in
Tsai-yu Huanga; C. -t. Lianga; Gil-ho Kimb; C. F. Huangc; Chao-ping Huanga
This report provides a detailed evaluation of the potential biological effects of fringe magnetic fields associated with a superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) plant. The aspects of magnetic fields that are discussed include mechanisms of interaction of static and slowly time-varying magnetic fields with living systems; biological effects of magnetic fields on human and subhuman species, including the results of both laboratory studies and human epidemiological surveys; physical hazards posed by the interactions of magnetic fields with metallic implants, e.g., aneurysm clips and prostheses, and with medical electronic devices such as cardiac pacemakers; extant guidelines for occupational exposure to magnetic fields are summarized; recommendations for defining acceptable levels of exposure to SMES magnetic fields by occupational personnel and the population-at-large; and recommendations concerning several areas of research that would further our understanding of magnetic field interactions with living systems, and would provide additional elements of information required for the development of future exposure standards. 328 refs., 12 figs., 5 tabs.
Tenforde, T.S.
Kubo formulas for relativistic fluids in strong magnetic fields
Magnetohydrodynamics of strongly magnetized relativistic fluids is derived in the ideal and dissipative cases, taking into account the breaking of spatial symmetries by a quantizing magnetic field. A complete set of transport coefficients, consistent with the Curie and Onsager principles, is derived for thermal conduction, as well as shear and bulk viscosities. It is shown that in the most general case the dissipative function contains five shear viscosities, two bulk viscosities, and three thermal conductivity coefficients. We use Zubarev's non-equilibrium statistical operator method to relate these transport coefficients to correlation functions of the equilibrium theory. The desired relations emerge at linear order in the expansion of the non-equilibrium statistical operator with respect to the gradients of relevant statistical parameters (temperature, chemical potential, and velocity.) The transport coefficients are cast in a form that can be conveniently computed using equilibrium (imaginary-time) infrared Green's functions defined with respect to the equilibrium statistical operator. - Highlights: > Strong magnetic fields can make charged fluids behave anisotropically. > Magnetohydrodynamics for these fluids contains 5 shear, 2 bulk viscosities, and 3 heat conductivities. > We derive Kubo formulas for these transport coefficients.
Huang Xuguang, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J. W. Goethe-Universitaet, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Sedrakian, Armen [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J. W. Goethe-Universitaet, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Rischke, Dirk H. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, J. W. Goethe-Universitaet, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany); Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main (Germany)
Recent studies indicate that a maximum field strength in sunspots shows a gradual decrease over the last several years. By extrapolating this trend, Penn and Livingston proposed that sunspots may completely disappear in the not-so-distant future. To verify these recent findings, we employ historic synoptic data sets from seven observatories in the former USSR covering the period from 1957 to 2011 (from 1998 to 2011, observations were taken at only one observatory). Our results indicate that while sunspot field strengths rise and wane with solar cycle, there is not a long-term trend that would suggest a gradual decrease in sunspot magnetic fields over the four and a half solar cycles covered by these observations.
Pevtsov, Alexei A. [National Solar Observatory, Sunspot, NM 88349 (United States); Nagovitsyn, Yury A.; Rybak, Alexey L. [Pulkovo Astronomical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 196140 (Russian Federation); Tlatov, Andrey G., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Kislovodsk Solar Station of Pulkovo Observatory, Kislovodsk 357700 (Russian Federation)
The effects of intense magnetic fields on Landau levels in a neutron star
In this paper, an approximate method of calculating the Fermi energy of electrons ($E_{F}(e)$) in a high-intensity magnetic field, based on the analysis of the distribution of a neutron star magnetic field, has been proposed. In the interior of a Neutron star, different forms of intense magnetic field could exist simultaneously and a high electron Fermi energy could be generated by the release of magnetic field energy. The calculation results show that: $E_{F}(e)$ is related to density $\\rho$, the mean electron number per baryon $Y_{e}$ and magnetic field strength $B$.
Gao, Z F; Song, D L; Yuan, J P; Chou, C K
Scale-Free Thin Discs with an Isopedic Magnetic Field
Global stationary configurations of both aligned and logarithmic spiral MHD perturbations are constructed analytically within an axisymmetric background ofrazor-thin scale-free gas disc, which is embedded in an axisymmetric gravitational potential of a dark matter halo and involves an isopedic magnetic field almost vertically threaded through the disc plane. The scale-free index $\\beta$ of the disc rotation speed $v_{\\theta}\\propto R^{-\\beta}$ falls in the rangeof $(-1/2 , 1/2)$ where $R$ is the cylindrical radius. With the holding-back of a deep background dark matter halo potential, the isopedic magnetic field may be strong enough to allow for the magnetic tension force overtaking the disc self-gravity, which can significantly influence global stationary MHD perturbation configurations and stability properties of the scale-free disc system. Only for stationary logarithmic spiral MHD perturbations with a perturbation scale-free index $\\beta_1=1/4$ or for aligned stationary MHD perturbations, can the MHD disc maintain a constant radial flux of angularmomentum. The variable radial flux of angular momentum in the radial direction corresponds to a complex dispersion relation. The marginal instabilities foraxisymmetric MHD disturbances are also examined for a special case as an example. When the magnetic tension force overtakes the disc self-gravity, the scale-free disc can be completely stable against axisymmetric MHD disturbances of all wavelengths. We predict the possible existence of an isopedicallymagnetized gas disc system in rotation primarily confined by a massive dark matter halo potential.
Yue Wu; Yu-Qing Lou
New Methodology For Use in Rotating Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
MHz and the permanent magnet's motor's mechanical rotationa stepping motor held away from the magnet, a pulley system,permanent magnet mechanically is rotated with a motor while
Jachmann, Rebecca C.
Low pressure arc discharge lamp apparatus with magnetic field generating means
A low-pressure arc discharge apparatus having a magnetic field generating means for increasing the output of a discharge lamp is disclosed. The magnetic field generating means, which in one embodiment includes a plurality of permanent magnets, is disposed along the lamp for applying a constant transverse magnetic field over at least a portion of the positive discharge column produced in the arc discharge lamp operating at an ambient temperature greater than about 25 C. 3 figs.
Grossman, M.W.; George, W.A.; Maya, J.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Turbulence dynamo deals with the amplification of a seed magnetic field in a turbulent medium and has been studied mostly for uniform or spatially homogeneous seed magnetic fields. However, some astrophysical processes (e.g., jets from active galaxies, galactic winds, or ram-pressure stripping in galaxy clusters) can provide localized seed magnetic fields. In this paper, we numerically study amplification of localized seed magnetic fields in a turbulent medium. Throughout the paper, we assume that the driving scale of turbulence is comparable to the size of the system. Our findings are as follows. First, turbulence can amplify a localized seed magnetic field very efficiently. The growth rate of magnetic energy density is as high as that for a uniform seed magnetic field. This result implies that magnetic field ejected from an astrophysical object can be a viable source of a magnetic field in a cluster. Second, the localized seed magnetic field disperses and fills the whole system very fast. If turbulence in a system (e.g., a galaxy cluster or a filament) is driven at large scales, we expect that it takes a few large-eddy turnover times for the magnetic field to fill the whole system. Third, growth and turbulence diffusion of a localized seed magnetic field are also fast in high magnetic Prandtl number turbulence. Fourth, even in decaying turbulence, a localized seed magnetic field can ultimately fill the whole system. Although the dispersal rate of the magnetic field is not fast in purely decaying turbulence, it can be enhanced by an additional forcing.
Cho, Jungyeon; Yoo, Hyunju, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Astronomy and Space Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon (Korea, Republic of)
We constrain a primordial magnetic field (PMF) generated during a phase transition (PT) using the big bang nucleosynthesis bound on the relativistic energy density. The amplitude of the PMF at large scales is determined by the shape of the PMF spectrum outside its maximal correlation length scale. Even if the amplitude of the PMF at 1 Mpc is small, PT-generated PMFs can leave observable signatures in the potentially detectable relic gravitational wave background if a large enough fraction (1%-10%) of the thermal energy is converted into the PMF.
Kahniashvili, Tina [McWilliams Center for Cosmology and Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15213 (United States); Tevzadze, Alexander G. [Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, Ilia State University, 2A Kazbegi Ave., Tbilisi 0160 (Georgia); Ratra, Bharat, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 (United States)
System having unmodulated flux locked loop for measuring magnetic fields
A system (10) for measuring magnetic fields, wherein the system (10) comprises an unmodulated or direct-feedback flux locked loop (12) connected by first and second unbalanced RF coaxial transmission lines (16a, 16b) to a superconducting quantum interference device (14). The FLL (12) operates for the most part in a room-temperature or non-cryogenic environment, while the SQUID (14) operates in a cryogenic environment, with the first and second lines (16a, 16b) extending between these two operating environments.
Ganther, Jr., Kenneth R. (Olathe, KS); Snapp, Lowell D. (Blue Springs, MO)
Quantum energy flow in atomic ions moving in magnetic fields
Using a combination of semiclassical and recently developed wave packet propagation techniques we find the quantum self-ionization process of highly excited ions moving in magnetic fields which has its origin in the energy transfer from the center of mass to the electronic motion. It obeys a time scale by orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding classical process. Importantly a quantum coherence phenomenon leading to the intermittent behaviour of the ionization signal is found and analyzed. Universal properties of the ionization process are established.
Vladimir Melezhik; Peter Schmelcher
The Sun's Global Photospheric and Coronal Magnetic Fields: Observations and Models
In this review, our present day understanding of the Sun's global photospheric and coronal magnetic fields is discussed from both observational and theoretical viewpoints. Firstly, the large-scale properties of photospheric magnetic fields are described, along with recent advances in photospheric magnetic flux transport models. Following this, the wide variety of theoretical models used to simulate global coronal magnetic fields are described. From this, the combined application of both magnetic flux transport simulations and coronal modeling techniques to describe the phenomena of coronal holes, the Sun's open magnetic flux and the hemispheric pattern of solar filaments is discussed. Finally, recent advances in non-eruptive global MHD models are described. While the review focuses mainly on solar magnetic fields, recent advances in measuring and modeling stellar magnetic fields are described where appropriate. In the final section key areas of future research are identified.
Mackay, D H
Molten metal feed system controlled with a traveling magnetic field
A continuous metal casting system in which the feed of molten metal is controlled by means of a linear induction motor capable of producing a magnetic traveling wave in a duct that connects a reservoir of molten metal to a caster. The linear induction motor produces a traveling magnetic wave in the duct in opposition to the pressure exerted by the head of molten metal in the reservoir so that p.sub.c =p.sub.g -p.sub.m where p.sub.c is the desired pressure in the caster, p.sub.g is the gravitational pressure in the duct exerted by the force of the head of molten metal in the reservoir, and p.sub.m is the electromagnetic pressure exerted by the force of the magnetic field traveling wave produced by the linear induction motor. The invention also includes feedback loops to the linear induction motor to control the casting pressure in response to measured characteristics of the metal being cast.
Praeg, Walter F. (Palos Park, IL)
Molten metal feed system controlled with a traveling magnetic field
An apparatus for controlling the feed of molten metal in a continuous metal casting system comprising a linear induction motor capable of producing a magnetic traveling wave in a duct that connects a reservoir of molten metal to a caster. The linear induction motor produces a traveling magnetic wave in the duct in opposition to the pressure exerted by the head of molten metal in the reservoir so that p{sub c} = p{sub g} {minus} p{sub m} where p{sub c} is the desired pressure in the caster, p{sub g} is the gravitational pressure in the duct exerted by the force of the head of molten metal in the reservoir, and p{sub m} is the electromagnetic pressure exerted by the force of the magnetic field traveling wave produced by the linear induction motor. The invention also includes feedback loops to the linear induction motor to control the casting pressure in response to measured characteristic of the metal being cast. 8 figs.
Praeg, W.F.
Stability of the toroidal magnetic field in stellar radiation zones
Understanding the stability of the magnetic field in radiation zones is of crucial importance for various processes in stellar interior like mixing, circulation and angular momentum transport. The stability properties of a star containing a prominent toroidal field in a radiation zone is investigated by means of a linear stability analysis in the Boussinesq approximation taking into account the effect of thermal conductivity. The growth rate of the instability is explicitly calculated and the effects of stable stratification and heat transport are discussed in detail. It is argued that the stabilizing influence of gravity can never entirely suppress the instability caused by electric currents in radiation zones although the stable stratification can significantly decrease the growth rate of instability
Bonanno, Alfio
Circular Rydberg states of atomic hydrogen in an arbitrary magnetic field
We report a theoretical scheme using a B-spline basis set to improve the poor computational accuracy of circular Rydberg states of hydrogen atoms in the intermediate magnetic field. This scheme can produce high accuracy energy levels and valid for an arbitrary magnetic field. Energy levels of hydrogen are presented for circular Rydberg states with azimuthal quantum numbers $|m|$ = 10 - 70 as a function of magnetic field strengths ranging from zero to 2.35 $\\times$ 10$^9$ T. The variation of spatial distributions of electron probability densities with magnetic field strengths is discussed and competition between Coulomb and magnetic interactions is illustrated.
Zhao, L B; Du, M L
Chemical telemetry of OH observed to measure interstellar magnetic fields
We present models for the chemistry in gas moving towards the ionization front of an HII region. When it is far from the ionization front, the gas is highly depleted of elements more massive than helium. However, as it approaches the ionization front, ices are destroyed and species formed on the grain surfaces are injected into the gas phase. Photodissociation removes gas phase molecular species as the gas flows towards the ionization front. We identify models for which the OH column densities are comparable to those measured in observations undertaken to study the magnetic fields in star forming regions and give results for the column densities of other species that should be abundant if the observed OH arises through a combination of the liberation of H2O from surfaces and photodissociation. They include CH3OH, H2CO, and H2S. Observations of these other species may help establish the nature of the OH spatial distribution in the clouds, which is important for the interpretation of the magnetic field results.
S. Viti; T. W. Hartquist; P. C. Myers
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The recent discovery of PeV electrons from the Crab Nebula, produced on rapid timescales of one day or less with a sharply peaked gamma-ray spectrum without hard X-rays, challenges traditional models of diffusive shock acceleration followed by synchrotron radiation. Here, we outline an acceleration model involving a DC electric field parallel to the magnetic field in a twisted toroidal field around the pulsar. Sudden developments of resistivity in localized regions of the twisted field are thought to drive the particle acceleration, up to PeV energies, resulting in flares. This model can reproduce the observed timescales of T Almost-Equal-To 1 day, the peak photon energies of U{sub {Phi},rr} Almost-Equal-To 1 MeV, maximum electron energies of U{sub e,rr} Almost-Equal-To 1 PeV, and luminosities of L Almost-Equal-To 10{sup 36} erg s{sup -1}.
Sturrock, Peter [Center of Space Science and Astrophysics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 (United States); Aschwanden, Markus J., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory, Org. ADBS, Bldg. 252, 3251 Hanover St., Palo Alto, CA 94304 (United States)
Primordial Magnetic Field Limits from CMB Trispectrum - Scalar Modes and Planck Constraints
Cosmic magnetic fields are observed to be coherent on large scales and could have a primordial origin. Non-Gaussian signals in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) are generated by primordial magnetic fields as the magnetic stresses and temperature anisotropy they induce depend quadratically on the magnetic field. We compute the CMB scalar trispectrum on large angular scales, for nearly scale-invariant magnetic fields, sourced via the Sachs-Wolfe effect. The trispectra induced by magnetic energy density and by magnetic scalar anisotropic stress are found to have typical magnitudes of approximately $10^{-29}$ and $10^{-19}$, respectively. The scalar anisotropic stress trispectrum is also calculated in the flat-sky approximation and yields a similar result. Observational limits on CMB non-Gaussianity from the Planck mission data allow us to set upper limits of $B_0 \\lesssim 0.6 $ nG on the present value of the primordial cosmic magnetic field. Considering the inflationary magnetic curvature mode in the trispectrum can further tighten the magnetic field upper limit to $B_0 \\lesssim 0.05 $ nG. These sub-nanoGauss constraints from the magnetic trispectrum are the most stringent limits so far on the strength of primordial magnetic fields, on megaparsec scales, significantly better than the limits obtained from the CMB bispectrum and the CMB power spectrum.
Pranjal Trivedi; Kandaswamy Subramanian; T. R. Seshadri
Magnetic anisotropy in a permalloy microgrid fabricated by near-field optical lithography
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We report the fabrication and magnetic properties of permalloy microgrids prepared by near-field optical lithography and characterized using high-sensitivity magneto-optical Kerr effect techniques. A fourfold magnetic anisotropy induced by the grid architecture is identified.
S. P. Li; A. Lebib; D. Peyrade; M. Natali; Y. Chen; W. S. Lew; J. A. C. Bland
Holographic description of the Schwinger effect in electric and magnetic fields
We consider a generalization of the holographic Schwinger effect proposed by Semenoff and Zarembo to the case with constant electric and magnetic fields. There are two ways to turn on magnetic fields, i) the probe D3-brane picture and ii) the string world-sheet picture. In the former picture, magnetic fields both perpendicular and parallel to the electric field are activated by a Lorentz transformation and a spatial rotation. In the latter one, the classical solutions of the string world-sheet corresponding to circular Wilson loops are generalized to contain two additional parameters encoding the presence of magnetic fields.
Yoshiki Sato; Kentaroh Yoshida
Method and means for measuring the anisotropy of a plasma in a magnetic field
Anisotropy is measured of a free-free-bremsstrahlungradiation-generating plasma in a magnetic field by collimating the free-free bremsstrahlung radiation in a direction normal to the magnetic field and scattering the collimated free- free bremsstrahlung radiation to resolve the radiation into its vector components in a plane parallel to the electric field of the bremsstrahlung radiation. The scattered vector components are counted at particular energy levels in a direction parallel to the magnetic field and also normal to the magnetic field of the plasma to provide a measure of anisotropy of the plasma. (Official Gazette)
Shohet, J.L.; Greene, D.G.S.
The weak-field approximation is one of the simplest models that allows us to relate the observed polarization induced by the Zeeman effect with the magnetic field vector present on the plasma of interest. It is usually applied for diagnosing magnetic fields in the solar and stellar atmospheres. A fully Bayesian approach to the inference of magnetic properties in unresolved structures is presented. The analytical expression for the marginal posterior distribution is obtained, from which we can obtain statistically relevant information about the model parameters. The role of a priori information is discussed and a hierarchical procedure is presented that gives robust results that are almost insensitive to the precise election of the prior. The strength of the formalism is demonstrated through an application to IMaX data. Bayesian methods can optimally exploit data from filter polarimeters given the scarcity of spectral information as compared with spectro-polarimeters. The effect of noise and how it degrades our ability to extract information from the Stokes profiles is analyzed in detail.
Asensio Ramos, A., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias, 38205, La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain); Departamento de Astrofisica, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38205 La Laguna, Tenerife (Spain)
Field Quality Analysis as a Tool to Monitor Magnet Production
magnetic) and partly of brass (non-magnetic). The magneticIII 'when a 25% iron-75% brass shim was installed in anFROM A 25% IRON AND 75% BRASS TUN1NG SHIM WHEN IT IS
Gupta, R.
A GENERAL THEORY OF CONNECTIVITY AND CURRENT SHEETS IN CORONAL MAGNETIC FIELDS ANCHORED TO DISCRETE on the flux of each domain. The resulting equilibria are current-free within each domain and contain singular currents along each of the field's separators. Subject headings: MHD -- Sun: corona -- Sun: magnetic fields
Klapper, Isaac
Solar magnetic fields and geomagnetic events. Alexei A. Pevtsov 1 and Richard C. Canfield
1 Solar magnetic fields and geomagnetic events. Alexei A. Pevtsov 1 and Richard C. Canfield AND GEOMAGNETIC EVENTS #12; 2 Abstract. Some interplanetary studies lead one to expect that the toroidal fields studies of solar magnetic fields and geomagnetic events that bear on these apparently conflicting views
Canfield, Richard
High energy neutrino absorption by W production in a strong magnetic field
An influence of a strong external magnetic field on the neutrino self-energy operator is investigated. The width of the neutrino decay into the electron and W boson, and the mean free path of an ultra-high energy neutrino in a strong magnetic field are calculated. A kind of energy cutoff for neutrinos propagating in a strong field is defined.
Kuznetsov, A V; Serghienko, A V
High energy neutrino absorption by W production in a strong magnetic field
An influence of a strong external magnetic field on the neutrino self-energy operator is investigated. The width of the neutrino decay into the electron and W boson, and the mean free path of an ultra-high energy neutrino in a strong magnetic field are calculated. A kind of energy cutoff for neutrinos propagating in a strong field is defined.
A. V. Kuznetsov; N. V. Mikheev; A. V. Serghienko
On the delayed gas breakdown in a ringing theta-pinch with bias magnetic field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A single particle model and particle-in-cell simulations are used to elucidate the breakdown physics in a ringing theta-pinch with a bias magnetic field. Previous experimental results show that gas breakdown occurs when the bias magnetic field is nullified by the theta-pinch magnetic field. The analyses presented here agree with the experimental results and show that electron kinetic energy does not exceed the ionization threshold of deuterium until the net magnetic field is approximately zero. Despite the presence of a strong electric field, the gyromotion of electrons within the bias magnetic field prevents them from gaining energy necessary to ionize the gas. Parametric analysis of the peak electron energy as a function of the bias and pre-ionization magnetic fields reveals that: (1) when the bias magnetic field is Almost-Equal-To 97% of the pre-ionization magnetic field, peak electron energies are highly erratic resulting in poor overall ionization, and (2) full ionization with repeatable behavior requires a pre-ionization to bias magnetic field ratio of approximately 2 to 1 or higher.
Meeks, Warner C.; Rovey, Joshua L. [Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409-0050 (United States)
Apparatus and method for generating a magnetic field by rotation of a charge holding object
A device and a method for the production of a magnetic field using a Charge Holding Object that is mechanically rotated. In a preferred embodiment, a Charge Holding Object surrounding a sample rotates and subjects the sample to one or more magnetic fields. The one or more magnetic fields are used by NMR Electronics connected to an NMR Conductor positioned within the Charge Holding Object to perform NMR analysis of the sample.
Gerald, II, Rex E. (Brookfield, IL); Vukovic, Lela (Westchester, IL); Rathke, Jerome W. (Homer Glenn, IL)
Evaluation of Smart Phone Apps Used to Measure AC Magnetic Fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
There are two specific objectives for this project. The first is to understand the characteristics of the magnetic field sensors used for measuring magnetic fields incorporated in smart phones as well as the integrated circuit in which the sensors are embedded. More specifically, since the design of both the sensor and the integrated circuit in which it is embedded affect the capability of the system to provide accurate magnetic field data, this design should be understood. The second is to learn as much ..
Relativistic and Nonrelativistic Descriptions of Electron Energy Levels in a Static Magnetic Field
The physical consequences of the relativistic and nonrelativistic approaches to describe the energy levels of electrons which propagate in a static homogeneous magnetic field are considered. It is shown that for a given strength of the magnetic field, the quantized energy levels of the electrons calculated by nonrelativistic and relativistic equations differ substantially, up to few orders of magnitude for a magnetic field of about 1 Tesla. Experimental verification to resolve the discrepancy would be very welcome.
H. J. Schreiber; N. B. Skachkov
Leukemia/Lymphoma in Mice Exposed to 60-Hz Magnetic Fields: Preliminary Studies and Protocol
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Possible health risks from magnetic field exposure establish the need for a high quality experimental database for assessing risk. This report describes preliminary studies of a mouse lymphatic leukemia cancer model used to develop a large-scale (2800-animal) lifetime 60-Hz magnetic field exposure study. This animal model is useful for evaluating whether magnetic fields act as either a complete carcinogen or as a cancer promoter or have no effect at all with respect to lymphatic cancer. A protocol for th...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Electric and magnetic field levels associated with photovoltaic energy generation facilities were measured and characterized in this study. This evaluation included the measurement of static (direct current [DC]) magnetic fields, power-frequency alternating current (AC) electric and magnetic fields (up to 3,000 Hz), and radio-frequency (RF) electric and magnetic fields (up to 3,000 MHz) at two electric utility solar generation facilities.The major sources of DC magnetic fields within a ...
Cost-effective wearable sensor to detect EMF
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this paper we present the design of a cost-effective wearable sensor to detect and indicate the strength and other characteristics of the electric field emanating from a laptop display. Our Electromagnetic Field Detector Bracelet can provide an immediate ... Keywords: ambient signals, capacitive sensor, sensing technology, wearable
Cati Vaucelle; Hiroshi Ishii; Joseph A. Paradiso
A comparative model of two mechanisms from which a magnetic field arises in the heart
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
There are two different mechanisms from which a magnetic field can arise in the heart. The first mechanism has the source of the magnetic field as a current dipole oriented perpendicular to the action potential wave front with the "return" currents flowing in an adjacent volume conductor. The second mechanism is one with no adjacent volume conductor and has a magnetic field that arises due to the anisotropy of the tissue. We see that the two mechanisms produce magnetic fields of similar magnitudes and similar falloff rates as distance from the tissue increases
R. A. Murdick; B. J. Roth
DENSITY AND MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENTS IN THE TORMAC IV-c PLASMA
current waveforms 2.26 Ouput of subtraction circuit (flux exclusion) 2.27 Small probes 2.29 Vacuum magnetic field
Coonrod Jr., John Walter
The Latent Heat of Single Flavor Color Superconductivity in a Magnetic Field
We calculate the energy release associated with first-order phase transition between different types of single flavor color superconductivity in a magnetic field.
Ping-ping Wu; Hang He; Defu Hou; Hai-cang Ren
Generation of a Magnetic Field by Dynamo Action in a Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium
We report the observation of dynamo action in the von Karman sodium experiment, i.e., the generation of a magnetic field by a strongly turbulent swirling flow of liquid sodium. Both mean and fluctuating parts of the field are studied. The dynamo threshold corresponds to a magnetic Reynolds number R{sub m}{approx}30. A mean magnetic field of the order of 40 G is observed 30% above threshold at the flow lateral boundary. The rms fluctuations are larger than the corresponding mean value for two of the components. The scaling of the mean square magnetic field is compared to a prediction previously made for high Reynolds number flows.
Monchaux, R.; Chiffaudel, A.; Daviaud, F.; Dubrulle, B.; Gasquet, C.; Marie, L.; Ravelet, F. [Service de Physique de l'Etat Condense, Direction des Sciences de la Matiere, CEA-Saclay, CNRS URA 2464, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex (France); Berhanu, M.; Fauve, S.; Mordant, N.; Petrelis, F. [Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Superieure, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France); Bourgoin, M.; Moulin, M.; Odier, Ph.; Pinton, J.-F.; Volk, R. [Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5672, 46 allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07 (France)
Correspondence between Electro-Magnetic Field and other Dark Energies in Non-linear Electrodynamics
In this work, we have considered the flat FRW model of the universe filled with electro-magnetic field. First, the Maxwell's electro-magnetic field in linear form has been discussed and after that the modified Lagrangian in non-linear form for accelerated universe has been considered. The corresponding energy density and pressure for non-linear electro-magnetic field have been calculated. We have found the condition such that the electro-magnetic field generates dark energy. The correspondence between the electro-magnetic field and the other dark energy candidates namely tachyonic field, DBI-essence, Chaplygin gas, hessence dark energy, k-essenece and dilaton dark energy have been investigated. We have also reconstructed the potential functions and the scalar fields in this scenario.
Maity, Sayani; Debnath, Ujjal
Correspondence between Electro-Magnetic Field and other Dark Energies in Non-linear Electrodynamics
In this work, we have considered the flat FRW model of the universe filled with electro-magnetic field. First, the Maxwell's electro-magnetic field in linear form has been discussed and after that the modified Lagrangian in non-linear form for accelerated universe has been considered. The corresponding energy density and pressure for non-linear electro-magnetic field have been calculated. We have found the condition such that the electro-magnetic field generates dark energy. The correspondence between the electro-magnetic field and the other dark energy candidates namely tachyonic field, DBI-essence, Chaplygin gas, hessence dark energy, k-essenece and dilaton dark energy have been investigated. We have also reconstructed the potential functions and the scalar fields in this scenario.
Sayani Maity; Shuvendu Chakraborty; Ujjal Debnath
Interest in the mechanisms of interaction and the biological effects of static magnetic fields has increased significantly during the past two decades as a result of the growing number of applications of these fields in research, industry and medicine. A major stimulus for research on the bioeffects of static magnetic fields has been the effort to develop new technologies for energy production and storage that utilize intense magnetic fields (e.g., thermonuclear fusion reactors and superconducting magnet energy storage devices). Interest in the possible biological interactions and health effects of static magnetic fields has also been increased as a result of recent developments in magnetic levitation as a mode of public transportation. In addition, the rapid emergence of magnetic resonance imaging as a new clinical diagnostic procedure has, in recent years, provided a strong rationale for defining the possible biological effects of magnetic fields with high flux densities. In this review, the principal interaction mechanisms of static magnetic fields will be described, and a summary will be given of the present state of knowledge of the biological, environmental, and human health effects of these fields.
Tenforde, T.S.
A method and apparatus for the steady-state measurement of poloidal magnetic field near a tokamak plasma, where the tokamak is configured with respect to a cylindrical coordinate system having z, phi (toroidal), and r axes. The method is based on combining the two magnetic field principles of induction and torque. The apparatus includes a rotor assembly having a pair of inductive magnetic field pickup coils which are concentrically mounted, orthogonally oriented in the r and z directions, and coupled to remotely located electronics which include electronic integrators for determining magnetic field changes. The rotor assembly includes an axle oriented in the toroidal direction, with the axle mounted on pivot support brackets which in turn are mounted on a baseplate. First and second springs are located between the baseplate and the rotor assembly restricting rotation of the rotor assembly about its axle, the second spring providing a constant tensile preload in the first spring. A strain gauge is mounted on the first spring, and electronic means to continually monitor strain gauge resistance variations is provided. Electronic means for providing a known current pulse waveform to be periodically injected into each coil to create a time-varying torque on the rotor assembly in the toroidal direction causes mechanical strain variations proportional to the torque in the mounting means and springs so that strain gauge measurement of the variation provides periodic magnetic field measurements independent of the magnetic field measured by the electronic integrators.
Woolley, Robert D. (Hillsborough, NJ)
A method and apparatus for the steady-state measurement of poloidal magnetic field near a tokamak plasma, where the tokamak is configured with respect to a cylindrical coordinate system having z, phi (toroidal), and r axes. The method is based on combining the two magnetic field principles of induction and torque. The apparatus includes a rotor assembly having a pair of inductive magnetic field pickup coils which are concentrically mounted, orthogonally oriented in the r and z directions, and coupled to remotely located electronics which include electronic integrators for determining magnetic field changes. The rotor assembly includes an axle oriented in the toroidal direction, with the axle mounted on pivot support brackets which in turn are mounted on a baseplate. First and second springs are located between the baseplate and the rotor assembly restricting rotation of the rotor assembly about its axle, the second spring providing a constant tensile preload in the first spring. A strain gauge is mounted on the first spring, and electronic means to continually monitor strain gauge resistance variations is provided. Electronic means for providing a known current pulse waveform to be periodically injected into each coil to create a time-varying torque on the rotor assembly in the toroidal direction causes mechanical strain variations proportional to the torque in the mounting means and springs so that strain gauge measurement of the variation provides periodic magnetic field measurements independent of the magnetic field measured by the electronic integrators.
Woolley, R.D.
We have performed extensive two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations to study the amplification of magnetic fields when a supernova blast wave propagates into a turbulent interstellar plasma. The blast wave is driven by injecting high pressure in the simulation domain. The interstellar magnetic field can be amplified by two different processes, occurring in different regions. One is facilitated by the fluid vorticity generated by the 'rippled' shock front interacting with the background turbulence. The resulting turbulent flow keeps amplifying the magnetic field, consistent with earlier work. The other process is facilitated by the growth of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability at the contact discontinuity between the ejecta and the shocked medium. This can efficiently amplify the magnetic field and tends to produce the highest magnetic field. We investigate the dependence of the amplification on numerical parameters such as grid-cell size and on various physical parameters. We show that the magnetic field has a characteristic radial profile such that the downstream magnetic field gets progressively stronger away from the shock. This is because the downstream magnetic field needs a finite time to reach the efficient amplification, and will get further amplified in the Rayleigh-Taylor region. In our simulation, we do not observe a systematic strong magnetic field within a small distance to the shock. This indicates that if the magnetic-field amplification in supernova remnants indeed occurs near the shock front, other processes such as three-dimensional instabilities, plasma kinetics, and/or cosmic ray effect may need to be considered to explain the strong magnetic field in supernova remnants.
Guo Fan; Li Shengtai; Li Hui; Li, David [Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545 (United States); Giacalone, Joe; Jokipii, J. R. [Department of Planetary Sciences and Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States)
Potential Magnetic Field around a Helical Flux-rope Current Structure in the Solar Corona
We consider the potential magnetic field associated with a helical electric line current flow, idealizing the near-potential coronal field within which a highly localized twisted current structure is embedded. It is found that this field has a significant axial component off the helical magnetic axis where there is no current flow, such that the flux winds around the axis. The helical line current field, in including the effects of flux rope writhe, is therefore more topologically complex than straight line and ring current fields sometimes used in solar flux rope models. The axial flux in magnetic fields around confined current structures may be affected by the writhe of these current structures such that the field twists preferentially with the same handedness as the writhe. This property of fields around confined current structures with writhe may be relevant to classes of coronal magnetic flux rope, including structures observed to have sigmoidal forms in soft X-rays and prominence magnetic fields. For example, ``bald patches'' and the associated heating by Parker current sheet dissipation seem likely. Thus some measurements of flux rope magnetic helicities may derive from external, near-potential fields. The predicted hemispheric preference for positive and negative magnetic helicities is consistent with observational results for prominences and sigmoids and past theoretical results for flux rope internal fields.
G. J. D. Petrie
Repeatability of measurements of residential magnetic fields and wire codes
Several epidemiological studies have been based on wire codes (i.e., categories of electrical wiring configurations near residences) or on in-home spot measurements of magnetic flux density (MFD) as surrogates for short- and long-term exposure of children and adults to residential magnetic fields. We used wire code and MFD measurements that were made in 81 Colorado homes in 1985 and again in 1990 to assess their repeatability over periods of 0-24 h and 5 years. These homes, a subset of those lived in by subjects from the case-control study of Savitz et al. [Am J Epidemiol 128:21-38, 1988], were divided into four approximately equally sized groups that were differentiated by wire code and by case-control status. Eight homes were assigned wire codes in 1990 that differed from the 1985 coding of Savitz and colleagues [1988]; of these, seven were coded as high-current configuration (HCC) and one as low-current configuration (LCC) in 1985. Overall, 37 homes were coded as HCC in 1990 compared with 38 homes in 1985. Coding differences were due to differing distance measurements (four homes), differing thick vs. thin categorization of primary-distribution line-conductor sizes (two homes), differing first-span vs. second-span categorization of secondary wires (one home), and physical changes in proximate electrical wiring (one home). Coefficients of correlation between MFD spot measurements that were separated in time by 0-24 h range between 0.70 and 0.90. The coefficient between spot measurements made in 1985 and then again in 1990 is 0.70. These coefficients are similar for HCC and LCC homes and do not depend on whether residential appliances were turned on or off. The data show (at least for the portion of Colorado studied) that residential wire code and, more surprisingly, spot MFD measurements, are fairly reliable over 0-24-h and 5-year periods.
Dovan, T.; Kaune, W.T.; Savitz, D.A. (ENERTECH Consultants, Campbell, CA (United States))
Nanoscale magnetic field mapping with a single spin scanning probe magnetometer
We demonstrate quantitative magnetic field mapping with nanoscale resolution, by applying a lock-in technique on the electron spin resonance frequency of a single nitrogen-vacancy defect placed at the apex of an atomic force microscope tip. In addition, we report an all-optical magnetic imaging technique which is sensitive to large off-axis magnetic fields, thus extending the operation range of diamond-based magnetometry. Both techniques are illustrated by using a magnetic hard disk as a test sample. Owing to the non-perturbing and quantitative nature of the magnetic probe, this work should open up numerous perspectives in nanomagnetism and spintronics.
Rondin, L.; Tetienne, J.-P.; Spinicelli, P.; Roch, J.-F.; Jacques, V. [Laboratoire de Photonique Quantique et Moleculaire, Ecole Normale Superieure de Cachan and CNRS UMR 8537, 94235 Cachan Cedex (France); Dal Savio, C.; Karrai, K. [Attocube systems AG, Koeniginstrasse 11A RGB, Munich 80539 (Germany); Dantelle, G. [Laboratoire de Physique de la Matiere Condensee, Ecole Polytechnique and CNRS UMR 7643, 91128 Palaiseau (France); Thiaville, A.; Rohart, S. [Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Universite Paris-Sud and CNRS UMR 8502, 91405 Orsay (France)
The Sun's meridional circulation and interior magnetic field
of a magnetic ?eld in the sun's radiative interior," Nature,The sun's meridional circulation and interior magnetic ?eldthe radiative interior of the sun under- goes nearly uniform
McCaslin, Jeremy; Garaud, Pascale; Wood, Toby
Impact of Magnetic Fields on the Corrosion Degradation of ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Nanocomposite Alloy Design for High Frequency Power Conversion Applications · Novel La(Fe,Si)13-Based Composites for Magnetic Refrigeration.
Diode magnetic-field influence on radiographic spot size
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Flash radiography of hydrodynamic experiments driven by high explosives is a well-known diagnostic technique in use at many laboratories. The Dual-Axis Radiography for Hydrodynamic Testing (DARHT) facility at Los Alamos was developed for flash radiography of large hydrodynamic experiments. Two linear induction accelerators (LIAs) produce the bremsstrahlung radiographic source spots for orthogonal views of each experiment ('hydrotest'). The 2-kA, 20-MeV Axis-I LIA creates a single 60-ns radiography pulse. For time resolution of the hydrotest dynamics, the 1.7-kA, 16.5-MeV Axis-II LIA creates up to four radiography pulses by slicing them out of a longer pulse that has a 1.6-{micro}s flattop. Both axes now routinely produce radiographic source spot sizes having full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) less than 1 mm. To further improve on the radiographic resolution, one must consider the major factors influencing the spot size: (1) Beam convergence at the final focus; (2) Beam emittance; (3) Beam canonical angular momentum; (4) Beam-motion blur; and (5) Beam-target interactions. Beam emittance growth and motion in the accelerators have been addressed by careful tuning. Defocusing by beam-target interactions has been minimized through tuning of the final focus solenoid for optimum convergence and other means. Finally, the beam canonical angular momentum is minimized by using a 'shielded source' of electrons. An ideal shielded source creates the beam in a region where the axial magnetic field is zero, thus the canonical momentum zero, since the beam is born with no mechanical angular momentum. It then follows from Busch's conservation theorem that the canonical angular momentum is minimized at the target, at least in principal. In the DARHT accelerators, the axial magnetic field at the cathode is minmized by using a 'bucking coil' solenoid with reverse polarity to cancel out whatever solenoidal beam transport field exists there. This is imperfect in practice, because of radial variation of the total field across the cathode surface, solenoid misalignments, and long-term variability of solenoid fields for given currents. Therefore, it is useful to quantify the relative importance of canonical momentum in determining the focal spot, and to establish a systematic methodology for tuning the bucking coils for minimum spot size. That is the purpose of this article. Section II provides a theoretical foundation for understanding the relative importance of the canonical momentum. Section III describes the results of simulations used to quantify beam parameters, including the momentum, for each of the accelerators. Section IV compares the two accelerators, especially with respect to mis-tuned bucking coils. Finally, Section IV concludes with a methodology for optimizing the bucking coil settings.
Ekdahl, Carl A. Jr. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Nature of Planetary Matter and Magnetic Field Generation in the Solar System
Understanding the nature of the matter comprising the Solar System is crucial for understanding the mechanism that generates the Earth's geomagnetic field and the magnetic fields of other planets and satellites. The commonality in the Solar System of matter like that of the inside of the Earth, together with common nuclear reactor operating conditions,forms the basis for generalizing the author's concept of nuclear geomagnetic field generation to planetary magnetic field generation by natural planetocentric nuclear fission reactors.
J. Marvin Herndon
The invention presents a vanadium tetracyanoethylene solvent complex for electromagnetic field shielding, and a method for blocking low frequency and magnetic fields using these vanadium tetracyanoethylene compositions. The compositions of the invention can be produced at ambient temperature and are light weight, low density and flexible. The materials of the present invention are useful as magnetic shields to block low frequency fields and static fields, and for use in cores in transformers and motors. 21 figs.
Epstein, A.J.; Morin, B.G.
The invention presents a vanadium tetracyanoethylene solvent complex for electromagnetic field shielding, and a method for blocking low frequency and magnetic fields using these vanadium tetracyanoethylene compositions. The compositions of the invention can be produced at ambient temperature and are light weight, low density and flexible. The materials of the present invention are useful as magnetic shields to block low frequency fields and static fields, and for use in cores in transformers and motors.
Epstein, Arthur J. (Columbus, OH); Morin, Brian G. (Columbus, OH)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Photospheric magnetic vector maps from two different instruments are used to model the nonlinear force-free coronal magnetic field above an active region. We use vector maps inferred from polarization measurements of the Solar Dynamics Observatory/Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) and the Solar Optical Telescope's Spectropolarimeter (SP) on board Hinode. Besides basing our model calculations on HMI data, we use both SP data of original resolution and scaled down to the resolution of HMI. This allows us to compare the model results based on data from different instruments and to investigate how a binning of high-resolution data affects the model outcome. The resulting three-dimensional magnetic fields are compared in terms of magnetic energy content and magnetic topology. We find stronger magnetic fields in the SP data, translating into a higher total magnetic energy of the SP models. The net Lorentz forces of the HMI and SP lower boundaries verify their force-free compatibility. We find substantial differences in the absolute estimates of the magnetic field energy but similar relative estimates, e.g., the fraction of excess energy and of the flux shared by distinct areas. The location and extension of neighboring connectivity domains differ and the SP model fields tend to be higher and more vertical. Hence, conclusions about the magnetic connectivity based on force-free field models are to be drawn with caution. We find that the deviations of the model solution when based on the lower-resolution SP data are small compared to the differences of the solutions based on data from different instruments.
Thalmann, J. K.; Tiwari, S. K.; Wiegelmann, T., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Max-Plank-Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung, Max-Planck-Str. 2, D-37191 Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany)
Photo of the Week: Controlling Chaos with Magnetic Fields | Department of
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Controlling Chaos with Magnetic Fields Controlling Chaos with Magnetic Fields Photo of the Week: Controlling Chaos with Magnetic Fields January 18, 2013 - 11:26am Addthis This artistic rendition of "spin vortices" illustrates tiny magnetic vortices that spin according to the polarization of each disk's vortex core. At Argonne National Laboratory, scientists are using alternating magnetic fields to control the behavior of these spin vortices, which are small dots made of iron and nickel. The experiments will help to create new, more efficient magnetic devices -- like the random access memory (RAM) in the device you are using to look at this very photo. Learn more about spin vortices. | Photo courtesy of Sander Munster, Dresden University of Technology.
Stochastic Ion Heating in a Field-reversed Configuration Geometry by Rotating Magnetic Fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Ion heating by application of rotating magnetic fields (RMF) to a prolate field-reversed configuration(FRC) is explored by analytical and numerical techniques. For odd-parity RMF (RMFo), perturbation analysis shows ions in figure-8 orbits gain energy at resonances of the RMFo frequency, ?R, with the figure-8 orbital frequency, ?. Since figure-8 orbits tend to gain the most energy from the RMF and are unlikely to escape in the cusp region (where most losses occur), they are optimal candidates for rapid stochastic heating, as compared to cyclotron and betatron orbits. Comparisons are made between heating caused by even- and odd-parity RMFs and between heating in currently operating and in reactor-scale FRC devices.
S.A. Cohen, A.S. Landsman, and A.H. Glasser
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Aiming at understanding of magnetic field generation process in rapidly rotating stars and planets represented by the Earth, computer simulations of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamo were performed in a rotating spherical shell geometry. Thermal convection and dynamo process with Ekman number of the order of 10{sup -7} were studied. New structures of convection motion, dynamo-generated electrical current, and magnetic field are found. The flow is organized as a set of thin, sheet-like plumes. The current is made of small-scale coil structure with magnetic flux tubes within each of the coil. These flux tubes are connected each other to form a large scale helical magnetic field structure.
Miyagoshi, Takehiro [Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama 236-0001 (Japan); Kageyama, Akira [Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501 (Japan); Sato, Tetsuya [Graduate School of Simulation Studies, University of Hyogo, Kobe 650-0047 (Japan)
We study the effects of strong magnetic fields on antikaon condensation in neutron star matter using the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model. The QMC model describes a nuclear many-body system as nonoverlapping MIT bags in which quarks interact through the self-consistent exchange of scalar and vector mesons in the mean-field approximation. It is found that the presence of strong magnetic fields alters the threshold density of antikaon condensation significantly. The onset of $K^-$ condensation stronger depends on the magnetic field strength, and it even shifts beyond the threshold of $\\bar K^0$ condensation for sufficiently strong magnetic fields. In the presence of strong magnetic fields, the equation of state (EOS) becomes stiffer in comparison with the field-free case. The softening of the EOS by antikaon condensation also depends on the magnetic field strength, and it becomes less pronounced with increasing magnetic field strength. The results of the QMC model are compared with those obtained in a relativistic mean-field (RMF) model, and we find there are quantitative differences between the results of the QMC and RMF models.
P. Yue; H. Shen
A Report of the EMF 19 Study on Technology and Global Climate Change Policies
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
REPORT ON THE EMF 19 STUDY ON REPORT ON THE EMF 19 STUDY ON TECHNOLOGY AND GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICIES David J. Beecy (firstname.lastname@example.com; 301-903-2786) Office of Environmental Systems Technology U.S. Department of Energy 19901 Germantown Road GTN, FE-23, E-133 Germantown, MD 20545 Andy S. Kydes (firstname.lastname@example.com; 202-586-0883) Integrated Analysis and Forecasting, EI-80 Energy Information Administration U.S. Department of Energy 100 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20585 Richard G. Richels (firstname.lastname@example.com; 650-855-2602) Global Climate Change Program Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94304 John P. Weyant (firstname.lastname@example.com; 650-723-3506) Department of Management Science & Engineering Terman Building: Room 406 Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-4026
NHMFL Breaks the 100 Tesla Barrier Gregory S. Boebinger, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory
NHMFL Breaks the 100 Tesla Barrier Gregory S. Boebinger, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. 109no. 31 12404-12407 On March 22nd 2012, the NHMFL Â Pulsed Field Facility broke the 100T tesla barrier, setting a world record of 100.75 tesla for a non-destructive magnet. By using advanced
Weston, Ken
Particle acceleration by electrostatic waves traveling perpendicular to nonuniform magnetic fields
A novel method has been proposed for indefinite nonstochastic acceleration of particles by electrostatic waves propagating normal to a magnetic field. Use is made of a magnetic field inhomogeneity to prevent the particle from detrapping from the electrostatic wave. Numerical plots of particle trajectories are presented.
Rath, S.; Kaw, P.K.
Neutrino self-energy and dispersion in a medium with magnetic field
We calculate the one-loop thermal self-energy of a neutrino in a constant and homogeneous magnetic field to all orders in the magnetic field strength using Schwinger's proper time method. We obtain the dispersion relation under various conditions.
A. Erdas; C. W. Kim; T. H. Lee
Asymptotics of the ground state energy of heavy molecules in self-generated magnetic field
We consider asymptotics of the ground state energy of heavy atoms and molecules in the self-generatedl magnetic field and derive it including Scott, and in some cases even Schwinger and Dirac corrections (if magnetic field is not too strong). We also consider related topics: an excessive negative charge, ionization energy and excessive positive charge when atoms can still bind into molecules.
Victor Ivrii
Original articles: Vortex states in axially symmetric superconductors in applied magnetic field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We solve analytically the linearized Ginzburg-Landau (GL) equation in the presence of an uniform magnetic field with cylindrical boundary conditions. The solution of the non-linear GL equation is provided as an expansion in the basis of linearized solutions. ... Keywords: Axial magnetic field, Mesoscopic superconductivity, Nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau equation, Vortex
Andrei Ludu; Milorad V. Miloševi?; Francois M. Peeters
The Princeton Field-Reversed Configuration (PFRC) experiment employs an odd-parity rotating magnetic field (RMFo) current drive and plasma heating system to form and sustain high-? plasmas. For radial confinement, an array of coaxial, internal, passive, flux-conserving (FC) rings applies magnetic pressure to the plasma while still allowing radio-frequency RMFo from external coils to reach the plasma. The 3 ms pulse duration of the present experiment is limited by the skin time (?fc) of its room-temperature copper FC rings. To explore plasma phenomena with longer characteristic times, the pulse duration of the next-generation PFRC-2 device will exceed 100 ms, necessitating FC rings with (?fc > 300 ms. In this paper we review the physics of internal, discrete, passive FCs and describe the evolution of the PFRC's FC array. We then detail new experiments that have produced higher performance FC rings that contain embedded high-temperature superconducting (HTS) tapes. Several HTS tape winding configurations have been studied and a wide range of extended skin times, from 0.4 s to over 103 s, has been achieved. The new FC rings must carry up to 3 kA of current to balance the expected PFRC-2 plasma pressure, so the dependence of the HTS-FC critical current on the winding configuration and temperature was also studied. From these experiments, the key HTS-FC design considerations have been identified and HTS-FC rings with the desired performance characteristics have been produced.
E. Oz, C.E. Myers, M.R. Edwards, B. Berlinger, A. Brooks, and S.A. Cohen
One Dimensional Magnetized TG Gas Properties in an External Magnetic Field
With Girardeau's Fermi-Bose mapping, we have constructed the eigenstates of a TG gas in an external magnetic field. When the number of bosons $N$ is commensurate with the number of potential cycles $M$, the probability of this TG gas in the ground state is bigger than the TG gas raised by Girardeau in 1960. Through the comparison of properties between this TG gas and Fermi gas, we find that the following issues are always of the same: their average value of particle's coordinate and potential energy, system's total momentum, single-particle density and the pair distribution function. But the reduced single-particle matrices and their momentum distributions between them are different.
Zhao Liang Wang; An Min Wang
Effect of trapping in a degenerate plasma in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field
Effect of trapping as a microscopic phenomenon in a degenerate plasma is investigated in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. The plasma comprises degenerate electrons and non-degenerate ions. The presence of the quantizing magnetic field is discussed briefly and the effect of trapping is investigated by using the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. The linear dispersion relation for ion acoustic wave is derived in the presence of the quantizing magnetic field and its influence on the propagation characteristics of the linear ion acoustic wave is discussed. Subsequently, fully nonlinear equations for ion acoustic waves are used to obtain the Sagdeev potential and the investigation of solitary structures. The formation of solitary structures is studied both for fully and partially degenerate plasmas in the presence of a quantizing magnetic field. Both compressive and rarefactive solitons are obtained for different conditions of temperature and magnetic field.
Shah, H. A.; Iqbal, M. J.; Qureshi, M. N. S. [Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Tsintsadze, N. [Department of Physics, GC University, Lahore 54000 (Pakistan); Institute of Physics, Tbilisi 0177 (Georgia); Masood, W. [Theoretical Physics Division, PINSTECH, P.O. Nilore, Islamabad (Pakistan)
Thermodynamic properties of strongly coupled plasma in presence of external magnetic field
Thermodynamic properties of a Yukawa system consisting of dust particles in plasma are studied in presence of an external magnetic field. It is assumed that dust particles interact with each other by modified potential in presence of magnetic field. Accordingly, a modified expression for internal energy has been obtained. A molecular dynamics code is developed to calculate this internal energy for the entire system. Based on the values of internal energy given by the code Helmholtz free energy and pressure are calculated for the system. Our study shows novel kind of behaviour for internal energy in presence of magnetic field. Thermodynamic properties are affected significantly by magnetic field. The study helps to express internal energy as a function of Coulomb coupling parameter and magnetic field.
Begum, Mahmuda; Das, Nilakshi
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A method is presented to calculate the spin relaxation times T{sub 1}, T{sub 2} due to a nonuniform magnetic field, and the linear-in-electric-field precession frequency shift {delta}{omega}{sub E} when an electric field is present, in the diffusion approximation for spins confined to a rectangular cell. It is found that the rectangular cell geometry admits of a general result for T{sub 1}, T{sub 2}, and {delta}{omega}{sub E} in terms of the spatial cosine-transform components of the magnetic field.
Clayton, Steven Michael [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Magnificent Seven: Magnetic fields and surface temperature distributions
Presently seven nearby radio-quiet isolated neutron stars discovered in ROSAT data and characterized by thermal X-ray spectra are known. They exhibit very similar properties and despite intensive searches their number remained constant since 2001 which led to their name ``The Magnificent Seven''. Five of the stars exhibit pulsations in their X-ray flux with periods in the range of 3.4 s to 11.4 s. XMM-Newton observations revealed broad absorption lines in the X-ray spectra which are interpreted as cyclotron resonance absorption lines by protons or heavy ions and / or atomic transitions shifted to X-ray energies by strong magnetic fields of the order of 10^13 G. New XMM-Newton observations indicate more complex X-ray spectra with multiple absorption lines. Pulse-phase spectroscopy of the best studied pulsars RX J0720.4-3125 and RBS 1223 reveals variations in derived emission temperature and absorption line depth with pulse phase. Moreover, RX J0720.4-3125 shows long-term spectral changes which are interpreted as due to free precession of the neutron star. Modeling of the pulse profiles of RX J0720.4-3125 and RBS 1223 provides information about the surface temperature distribution of the neutron stars indicating hot polar caps which have different temperatures, different sizes and are probably not located in antipodal positions.
F. Haberl
The effects of pseudo magnetic fields in molecular spectra and scattering
Pseudo magnetic fields appear in the Born-Oppenheimer method for molecules when conical intersections or electronic angular momenta are taken into account. These fields are not real magnetic fields but they have the same mathematical properties and can lead to real observable effects in the dynamics of molecules. A general vector potential (gauge theory) approach for including these field effects in the Born-Oppenheimer method is introduced and applied to H + O{sub 2} scattering and the vibrational spectrum of Na{sub 3}(X) for zero total angular momentum (J = 0). The scattering results for HO{sub 2} show significant shifts in the resonance energies and lifetimes due to a magnetic solenoid type field originating from the C{sub 2v} conical intersection in HO{sub 2}. Significant changes in the state-to-state transition probabilities are also observed. The non-degenerate A{sub 1} and A{sub 2} vibrational spectra of Na{sub 3}(X) show significant shifts in the energy levels due to a magnetic solenoid type field originating from the D{sub 3h} conical intersection in Na{sub 3}. These two examples show that the effects of pseudo magnetic fields can be significant and in many cases they must be included in order to obtain agreement between theory and experiment. The newly developed gauge theory techniques for treating pseudo magnetic fields are also relevant for including the effects of real magnetic fields.
Kendrick, B. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Theoretical Div.
The strong magnetic field of the large-amplitude beta Cephei pulsator V1449 Aql
Only for very few beta Cephei stars has the behaviour of the magnetic field been studied over the rotation cycle. During the past two years we have obtained multi-epoch polarimetric spectra of the beta Cephei star V1449 Aql with SOFIN at the Nordic Optical Telescope to search for a rotation period and to constrain the geometry of the magnetic field. The mean longitudinal magnetic field is measured at 13 different epochs. The new measurements, together with the previous FORS1 measurements, have been used for the frequency analysis and the characterization of the magnetic field. V1449 Aql so far possesses the strongest longitudinal magnetic field of up to 700G among the beta Cephei stars. The resulting periodogram displays three dominant peaks with the highest peak at f=0.0720d^-1 corresponding to a period P=13.893d. The magnetic field geometry can likely be described by a centred dipole with a polar magnetic field strength B_d around 3kG and an inclination angle beta of the magnetic axis to the rotation axis o...
Hubrig, S; Briquet, M; Schoeller, M; Gonzalez, J F; Nunez, N; De Cat, P; Morel, T
High-frequency electric field measurement using a toroidal antenna
A simple and compact method and apparatus for detecting high frequency electric fields, particularly in the frequency range of 1 MHz to 100 MHz, uses a compact toroidal antenna. For typical geophysical applications the sensor will be used to detect electric fields for a wide range of spectrum starting from about 1 MHz, in particular in the frequency range between 1 to 100 MHz, to detect small objects in the upper few meters of the ground. Time-varying magnetic fields associated with time-varying electric fields induce an emf (voltage) in a toroidal coil. The electric field at the center of (and perpendicular to the plane of) the toroid is shown to be linearly related to this induced voltage. By measuring the voltage across a toroidal coil one can easily and accurately determine the electric field.
Lee, Ki Ha (Lafayette, CA)
Dark energy, integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and large-scale magnetic fields
The impact of large-scale magnetic fields on the interplay between the ordinary and integrated Sachs-Wolfe effects is investigated in the presence of a fluctuating dark energy component. The modified initial conditions of the Einstein-Boltzmann hierarchy allow for the simultaneous inclusion of dark energy perturbations and of large-scale magnetic fields. The temperature and polarization angular power spectra are compared with the results obtained in the magnetized version of the (minimal) concordance model. Purported compensation effects arising at large scales are specifically investigated. The fluctuating dark energy component modifies, in a computable manner, the shapes of the 1- and 2-$\\sigma$ contours in the parameter space of the magnetized background. The allowed spectral indices and magnetic field intensities turn out to be slightly larger than those determined in the framework of the magnetized concordance model where the dark energy fluctuations are absent.
Massimo Giovannini
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities (RTI) in inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions are expected to generate magnetic fields at the gas-ice interface and at the ice-ablator interface. The focus here is on the gas-ice interface where the temperature gradient is the largest. A Hall-MHD model is used to study the magnetic field generation and growth for 2-D single-mode and multimode RTI in a stratified two-fluid plasma, the two fluids being ions and electrons. Self-generated magnetic fields are observed and these fields grow as the RTI progresses via the {nabla}n{sub e} Multiplication-Sign {nabla}T{sub e} term in the generalized Ohm's law. Srinivasan et al.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165002 (2012)] present results of the magnetic field generation and growth, and some scaling studies in 2-dimensions. The results presented here study the mechanism behind the magnetic field generation and growth, which is related to fluid vorticity generation by RTI. The magnetic field wraps around the bubbles and spikes and concentrates in flux bundles at the perturbed gas-ice interface where fluid vorticity is large. Additionally, the results of Srinivasan et al.[Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 165002 (2012)] are described in greater detail. Additional scaling studies are performed to determine the growth of the self-generated magnetic field as a function of density, acceleration, perturbation wavelength, Atwood number, and ion mass.
Srinivasan, Bhuvana; Tang Xianzhu [Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)
Generation of Strong Magnetic Fields in Axisymmetry by the Stationary Accretion Shock Instability
We begin an exploration of the capacity of the stationary accretion shock instability (SASI) to generate magnetic fields by adding a weak, stationary, and radial (but bipolar) magnetic field to a spherically symmetric fluid configuration that models a stalled shock in the post-bounce supernova environment. Upon perturbation the SASI develops, and its lateral flows alternately advect the initially radial magnetic field towards and away from the polar regions. Lateral flows into the polar regions result in partially radial outflows along the symmetry axis, and over several SASI cycles the magnetic field parallel to the axis grows--{\\em even in the absence of rotation}--to dynamical significance ($\\gtrsim 10^{15}$ G), finally saturating upon local equipartition in the polar regions. While the resulting field configuration creates low-density `funnels' and enables energy transport along the field through MHD waves, it does not induce qualitatively new features in the global evolution of the shock.
Endeve, Eirik; Budiardja, Reuben D; Mezzacappa, Anthony
Finite temperature Casimir effect for charged massless scalars in a magnetic field
The zeta function regularization technique is used to study the finite temperature Casimir effect for a charged and massless scalar field confined between parallel plates and satisfying Dirichlet boundary conditions at the plates. A magnetic field perpendicular to the plates is included. Three equivalent expressions for the zeta function are obtained, which are exact to all orders in the magnetic field strength, temperature and plate distance. These expressions of the zeta function are used to calculate the Helmholtz free energy of the scalar field and the pressure on the plates, in the case of high temperature, small plate distance and strong magnetic field. In all cases, simple analytic expressions are obtained for the free energy and pressure which are accurate and valid for practically all values of temperature, plate distance and magnetic field.
Andrea Erdas; Kevin P. Seltzer
Aligned Microstructure by Applying a High Magnetic Field to ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Numerical Modeling of Centrifugally Cast HSS Rolls · Numerical Simulation of Electro-magnetic Turbulent Inhibitor Technology in a Tundish · Optimizing the ...
Ground Magnetics At San Francisco Volcanic Field Area (Warpinski...
the target area, obtained rock samples for age dating and mineral chemistry, performed gravity and magnetic surveys, and integrated these results to identify potential drilling...
Magnetometry of random AC magnetic fields using a single Nitrogen-Vacancy center
We report on the use of a single NV center to probe fluctuating AC magnetic fields. Using engineered currents to induce random changes in the field amplitude and phase, we show that stochastic fluctuations reduce the NV center sensitivity and, in general, make the NV response field-dependent. We also introduce two modalities to determine the field spectral composition, unknown a priori in a practical application. One strategy capitalizes on the generation of AC-field-induced coherence 'revivals', while the other approach uses the time-tagged fluorescence intensity record from successive NV observations to reconstruct the AC field spectral density. These studies are relevant for magnetic sensing in scenarios where the field of interest has a non-trivial, stochastic behavior, such as sensing unpolarized nuclear spin ensembles at low static magnetic fields.
Laraoui, Abdelghani; Meriles, Carlos A
Magnetometry of random AC magnetic fields using a single Nitrogen-Vacancy center
We report on the use of a single NV center to probe fluctuating AC magnetic fields. Using engineered currents to induce random changes in the field amplitude and phase, we show that stochastic fluctuations reduce the NV center sensitivity and, in general, make the NV response field-dependent. We also introduce two modalities to determine the field spectral composition, unknown a priori in a practical application. One strategy capitalizes on the generation of AC-field-induced coherence 'revivals', while the other approach uses the time-tagged fluorescence intensity record from successive NV observations to reconstruct the AC field spectral density. These studies are relevant for magnetic sensing in scenarios where the field of interest has a non-trivial, stochastic behavior, such as sensing unpolarized nuclear spin ensembles at low static magnetic fields.
Abdelghani Laraoui; Jonathan S. Hodges; Carlos A. Meriles
Spinning a New Type of Magnetic Field | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
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Spinning a New Type of Magnetic Field Spinning a New Type of Magnetic Field Basic Energy Sciences (BES) BES Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of BES Funding Opportunities Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (BESAC) News & Resources Contact Information Basic Energy Sciences U.S. Department of Energy SC-22/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3081 F: (301) 903-6594 E: firstname.lastname@example.com More Information » October 2013 Spinning a New Type of Magnetic Field Harnessing the spins of electrons in a new way - enabling efficient magnetic switching and holding promise for spintronic devices. Print Text Size: A A A Subscribe FeedbackShare Page Click to enlarge photo. Enlarge Photo Image courtesy of John Xiao Schematic of mechanism for generating a magnetic field. The system consists
Non-locality of energy separating transformations for Dirac electrons in a magnetic field
We investigate a non-locality of Moss-Okninski transformation (MOT) used to separate positive and negative energy states in the 3+1 Dirac equation for relativistic electrons in the presence of a magnetic field. Properties of functional kernels generated by the MOT are analyzed and kernel non-localities are characterized by calculating their second moments parallel and perpendicular to the magnetic field. Transformed functions are described and investigated by computing their variances. It is shown that the non-locality of the energy-separating transformation in the direction parallel to the magnetic field is characterized by the Compton wavelength $\\lambda_c=\\hbar/mc$. In the plane transverse to magnetic field the non-locality depends both on magnetic radius $L=(\\hbar/eB)^{1/2}$ and $\\lambda_c$. The non-locality of MO transformation for the 2+1 Dirac equation is also considered.
Tomasz M. Rusin; Wlodek Zawadzki
The impact of magnetic field on the thermal evolution of neutron stars
The impact of strong magnetic fields B>10e13 G on the thermal evolution of neutron stars is investigated, including crustal heating by magnetic field decay. For this purpose, we perform 2D cooling simulations with anisotropic thermal conductivity considering all relevant neutrino emission processes for realistic neutron stars. The standard cooling models of neutron stars are called into question by showing that the magnetic field has relevant (and in many cases dominant) effects on the thermal evolution. The presence of the magnetic field significantly affects the thermal surface distribution and the cooling history of these objects during both, the early neutrino cooling era and the late photon cooling era. The minimal cooling scenario is thus more complex than generally assumed. A consistent magneto-thermal evolution of magnetized neutron stars is needed to explain the observations.
Deborah N. Aguilera; José A. Pons; Juan A. Miralles
The impact of magnetic field on the thermal evolution of neutron stars
The impact of strong magnetic fields B>10e13 G on the thermal evolution of neutron stars is investigated, including crustal heating by magnetic field decay. For this purpose, we perform 2D cooling simulations with anisotropic thermal conductivity considering all relevant neutrino emission processes for realistic neutron stars. The standard cooling models of neutron stars are called into question by showing that the magnetic field has relevant (and in many cases dominant) effects on the thermal evolution. The presence of the magnetic field significantly affects the thermal surface distribution and the cooling history of these objects during both, the early neutrino cooling era and the late photon cooling era. The minimal cooling scenario is thus more complex than generally assumed. A consistent magneto-thermal evolution of magnetized neutron stars is needed to explain the observations.
Aguilera, Deborah N; Miralles, Juan A
Generation of multiscale magnetic field by parity-invariant time-periodic flows
We study generation of magnetic fields involving large spatial scales by time- and space-periodic small-scale parity-invariant flows. The anisotropic magnetic eddy diffusivity tensor is calculated by the standard procedure involving expansion of magnetic modes and their growth rates in power series in the scale ratio. Our simulations, conducted for flows with random harmonic composition and exponentially decaying energy spectra, demonstrate that enlargement of the spatial scale of magnetic field is beneficial for generation by time-periodic flows. However, they turn out, in general, to be less efficient dynamos, than steady flows.
V. A. Zheligovsky; O. M. Podvigina
Neutral Beam Injection for Plasma and Magnetic FieldDiagnostics
At the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) adiagnostic neutral beam injection system for measuring plasma parameters,flow velocity, and local magnetic field is being developed. High protonfraction and small divergence is essential for diagnostic neutral beams.In our design, a neutral hydrogen beam with an 8 cm x 11 cm (or smaller)elliptical beam spot at 2.5 m from the end of the extraction column isproduced. The beam will deliver up to 5 A of hydrogen beam to the targetwith a pulse width of ~;1 s, once every 1 - 2 min. The H1+ ion species ofthe hydrogen beamwill be over 90 percent. For this application, we havecompared two types of RF driven multicusp ion sources operating at 13.56MHz. The first one is an ion source with an external spiral antennabehind a dielectric RF-window. The second one uses an internal antenna insimilar ion source geometry. The source needs to generate uniform plasmaover a large (8 cm x 5 cm) extraction area. We expect that the ion sourcewith internal antenna will be more efficient at producing the desiredplasma density but might have the issue of limited antenna lifetime,depending on the duty factor. For both approaches there is a need forextra shielding to protect the dielectric materials from the backstreaming electrons. The source walls will be made of insulator materialsuch as quartz that has been observed to generate plasma with higheratomic fraction than sources with metal walls. The ion beam will beextracted and accelerated by a set of grids with slits, thus forming anarray of 6 sheet-shaped beamlets. The multiple grid extraction will beoptimized using computer simulation programs. Neutralization of the beamwill be done in neutralization chamber, which has over 70 percentneutralization efficiency.
Vainionpaa, Jaakko Hannes; Leung, Ka Ngo; Kwan, Joe W.; Levinton,Fred
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this paper, we continue our theoretical studies addressing the possible consequences of magnetic helicity accumulation in the solar corona. Our previous studies suggest that coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are natural products of coronal evolution as a consequence of magnetic helicity accumulation and that the triggering of CMEs by surface processes such as flux emergence also have their origin in magnetic helicity accumulation. Here, we use the same mathematical approach to study the magnetic helicity of axisymmetric power-law force-free fields but focus on a family whose surface flux distributions are defined by self-similar force-free fields. The semi-analytical solutions of the axisymmetric self-similar force-free fields enable us to discuss the properties of force-free fields possessing a huge amount of accumulated magnetic helicity. Our study suggests that there may be an absolute upper bound on the total magnetic helicity of all bipolar axisymmetric force-free fields. With the increase of accumulated magnetic helicity, the force-free field approaches being fully opened up with Parker-spiral-like structures present around a current-sheet layer as evidence of magnetic helicity in the interplanetary space. It is also found that among the axisymmetric force-free fields having the same boundary flux distribution, the one that is self-similar is the one possessing the maximum amount of total magnetic helicity. This gives a possible physical reason why self-similar fields are often found in astrophysical bodies, where magnetic helicity accumulation is presumably also taking place.
Zhang Mei [Key Laboratory of Solar Activity, National Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road A20, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100012 (China); Flyer, Natasha [Institute for Mathematics Applied to Geosciences, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 (United States); Low, Boon Chye [High Altitude Observatory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 (United States)
Scripta Materialia 52 (2004) 461-466 Effect of 30 Tesla Magnetic Field on Transformations in a
Scripta Materialia 52 (2004) 461-466 Effect of 30 Tesla Magnetic Field on Transformations transforms to ferrite. Thus, a 30 Tesla magnetic field can raise transformation temperatures by ~90°C during
Cambridge, University of
Gas Kinetic Study of Magnetic Field Effects on Plasma Plumes
Plasma flow physics in magnetic nozzles must be clearly understood for optimal design of plasma propulsion devices. Toward that end, in this thesis we: i) perform an extensive literature survey of magnetic nozzle physics, ii) assess the validity of magnetohydrodynamics for studying magnetic nozzle physics, and iii) illustrate the effects of the Hall term in simple flows as well as in magnetic nozzle configurations through numerical experiments with the Magneto-Gas Kinetic Method (MGKM). The crucial steps necessary for thrust generation in magnetic nozzles are energy conversion, plasma detachment, and momentum transfer. These three physical phenomena must be understood to optimize magnetic nozzle design. The operating dimensionless parameter ranges of six prominent experiments are considered and the corresponding mechanisms are discussed. An order of magnitude analysis of the governing equations reveal: i) most magnetic nozzles under consideration operate at the edge of the continuum regime rendering continuum-based description and computation valid; ii) in the context of MHD framework, the generalized Ohm's law must be used to capture all of the relevant physics. This work also continues the development of the Magneto Gas Kinetic Method (MGKM) computational tool. Validation of the solver is performed in shock-tube and Hartmann channel flows in the Hall physics regime. Comparison with theory and available data is made whenever possible. Novel numerical experiments of magnetic nozzle plasma jets in the Hall regime are performed, confirming the theoretically predicted azimuthal rotation of the plasma jet due to Hall physics. The primary conclusion from this work is that the addition of the Hall effect generates helical structures in magnetic nozzle plasma flows. Preliminary results are encouraging for future magnetic nozzle studies and further challenges are identified.
Ebersohn, Frans 1987-
Nonlinear generation mechanism for the vortical electric field in magnetized plasma media
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
A physical mechanism and nonlinear mathematical formalism for study of generation and further amplification of the vortical electric field in the magnetized plasma are proposed. A modulation instability process in a plasma medium is considered in a strong constant magnetic field. The plasmon condensate is modulated not by a low-frequency ionic sound as is usually done, but by the beating of two high-frequency transverse electromagnetic waves propagating along the external magnetic field. Conditions in which aperiodic instability occurs are found and its increment is defined. This instability leads to a decrease in the scale of Langmuir turbulence along the external magnetic field and to the generation of electromagnetic fields. Dissipative property of the medium increases an amplitude threshold of the pumping waves. It is shown that for sufficiently large amplitudes of pumping waves the effect described in the paper is the defining nonlinear process.
Aburjania, G. D. [Tbilisi State University, M. Nodia Institute of Geophysics, Tbilisi 0143 (Georgia)
Electric Field Control of Ferromagnetism and Magnetic Devices Using Multiferroics
4 Electric field control of ferromagnetism: In-plane5 Electric field control of ferromagnetism: out-of-plane6.3.3 Electric field control of spin valve resistance
Heron, John Thomas
RESEARCH ON THE EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELDS ON THERMIONIC POWER GENERATION. Progress Report No. 1
Research concerned with a theoretical and experimental study of magneto- thermionic power generation is reported. This concept promises a number of advantsges over conventional thermionic generators. Low pressure Cs diodes suffer from an undesirable size limitation, because selfinduced magnetic fields reduce current transmission and hence, efficiency. Although this effect does not arise in the small devices tested to date, it becomes important in building larger generators. Analysis indicates that this problem can be virtually eliminnted by the application of a longitudinal magnetic field. An experimental and theoretical study was initiated to verify the predicted magnetic field effects, and to examine their possible use in a-c generation. (auth)
Schock, A.; Kunen, A.E.
We investigate the nucleation of superconductivity in an Al/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}/Py trilayer system by electrical transport measurements. Magnetic force microscopy images taken at room temperature show that the 0.7 {micro}m thick Py-film form stripes of magnetic domains with alternating out-of-plane stray field. After applying a strong out of plane magnetic field H the superconductor/normal phase boundary becomes asymmetric with respect to H = 0. This lack of field polarity symmetry results from the unbalanced size distribution of domains with opposite polarity.
Ataklti, G. W.; Silhanek, A. V.; Van de Vondel, J.; Gillijns, W.; Belkin, A.; Karapetrov, G.; Moshchalkov, V. V.; Materials Science Division; Katholieke Univ. Leuven; Illinois Inst. of Tech.
Approximate Integrals of rf-driven Particle Motion in Magnetic Field
For a particle moving in nonuniform magnetic field under the action of an rf wave, ponderomotive effects result from rf-driven oscillations nonlinearly coupled with Larmor rotation. Using Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalism, we show how, despite this coupling, two independent integrals of the particle motion are approximately conserved. Those are the magnetic moment of free Larmor rotation and the quasi-energy of the guiding center motion parallel to the magnetic field. Under the assumption of non-resonant interaction of the particle with the rf field, these integrals represent adiabatic invariants of the particle motion.
I.Y. Dodin; N.J. Fisch
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In a fluid description, we study space-time evolution of lower hybrid modes in a cold quasi-neutral homogeneous plasma in presence of a background inhomogeneous magnetic field. Within a linear analysis, a dispersion relation with inhomogeneous magnetic field shows 'phase mixing' of such oscillations. A manifestation of 'phase mixing' is shown in 'mode coupling.' By using Lagrangian variables, an exact solution is presented in parametric form of this nonlinear time dependent problem. It is demonstrated that initially excited lower hybrid modes always break via phase mixing phenomenon in presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field. Breaking of such oscillations is revealed by the appearance of spikes in the plasma density profile.
Maity, Chandan; Chakrabarti, Nikhil [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064 (India); Sengupta, Sudip [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428 (India)
Mean magnetic field renormalization and Kolmogorov's energy spectrum in MHD turbulence
In this paper we construct a self-consistent renormalization group procedure for MHD turbulence in which small wavenumber modes are averaged out, and effective mean magnetic field at large wavenumbers is obtained. In this scheme the mean magnetic field scales as $k^{-1/3}$, while the energy spectrum scales as $k^{-5/3}$ similar to that in fluid turbulence. We also deduce from the formalism that the magnitude of cascade rate decreases as the strength of the mean magnetic field is increased.
Mahendra K. Verma
The Energy Eigenvalues of the Two Dimensional Hydrogen Atom in a Magnetic Field
In this paper, the energy eigenvalues of the two dimensional hydrogen atom are presented for the arbitrary Larmor frequencies by using the asymptotic iteration method. We first show the energy eigenvalues for the no magnetic field case analytically, and then we obtain the energy eigenvalues for the strong and weak magnetic field cases within an iterative approach for $n=2-10$ and $m=0-1$ states for several different arbitrary Larmor frequencies. The effect of the magnetic field on the energy eigenvalues is determined precisely. The results are in excellent agreement with the findings of the other methods and our method works for the cases where the others fail.
A. Soylu; O. Bayrak; I. Boztosun
The effect of highly structured cosmic magnetic fields on ultra-high energy cosmic ray propagation
The possibility that the magnetic field is strongly correlated with the large-scale structure of the universe has been recently considered in the literature. In this scenario the intergalactic magnetic field has a strong ($\\mu$G) regular component spanning tens of Mpc but localized in sheets and filaments, while the vast voids in between are almost free of magnetic field. If true, this could have important consequences on the propagation of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, and severely affect our capacity of doing astronomy with charged particles. A quantitative discussion of these effects is given in the present work.
Gustavo Medina Tanco
Ultra high energy cosmic rays and the large scale structure of the galactic magnetic field
We study the deflection of ultra high energy cosmic ray protons in different models of the regular galactic magnetic field. Such particles have gyroradii well in excess of 1 kpc and their propagation in the galaxy reflects only the large scale structure of the galactic magnetic field. A future large experimental statistics of cosmic rays of energy above 10$^{19}$ eV could be used for a study of the large scale structure of the galactic magnetic field if such cosmic rays are indeed charged nuclei accelerated at powerful astrophysical objects and if the distribution of their sources is not fully isotropic.
Todor Stanev
Effect of magnetic field on the mechanical properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium nanowires
This study experimentally investigates the elastic properties of individual iron-gallium nanowires with and without an applied magnetic bias field. The experiments were conducted with a custom manipulator stage designed for use within a scanning electron microscope, where nanowires were mechanically tested both statically and dynamically. Experiments were also performed in the presence of a 20 Oe dc magnetic field in order to identify any variation in wire properties. The results suggest that iron-gallium nanowires possess an elastic modulus very similar to the macroscale value, tensile strengths of more than double the bulk material, and minor magnetic field induced stiffening at low stresses.
Downey, Patrick R.; Flatau, Alison B. [Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, 3181 Martin Hall, College Park, Maryland 20742 (United States); McGary, Patrick D.; Stadler, Bethanie J. H. [Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St., Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 (United States)
Effects of Electric and Magnetic Fields on Simple Plants
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
... than 40 years ago suggested that simple plants – grasses, beans, and corn- exhibited varying effects in simulated geomagnetic fields and in electric fields.
Fusion Science, Magnetic Fusion Energy, and Related FieldsFusion Science, Magnetic Fusion Energy, and Related Fieldscalled, in the magnetic fusion energy community, a tandem
Kwan, J.W.
A general theory of connectivity and current sheets in coronal magnetic fields anchored to discrete are current-free within each domain, and contain singular currents along each of the field's separators. 1 suggested, from reconnection along the single field line lying at the interface of the four resulting flux
Longcope, Dana
Visualizing DIII-D Tokamak magnetic field lines
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Keywords: graphics hardware, haloed lines, illuminated lines, interactive visualization, magentic field, plasma physics, tokamak
Greg Schussman; Kwan-Liu Ma; David Schissel; Todd Evans
Fundamental Statistical Descriptions of Plasma Turbulence in Magnetic Fields
A pedagogical review of the historical development and current status (as of early 2000) of systematic statistical theories of plasma turbulence is undertaken. Emphasis is on conceptual foundations and methodology, not practical applications. Particular attention is paid to equations and formalism appropriate to strongly magnetized, fully ionized plasmas. Extensive reference to the literature on neutral-fluid turbulence is made, but the unique properties and problems of plasmas are emphasized throughout. Discussions are given of quasilinear theory, weak-turbulence theory, resonance-broadening theory, and the clump algorithm. Those are developed independently, then shown to be special cases of the direct-interaction approximation (DIA), which provides a central focus for the article. Various methods of renormalized perturbation theory are described, then unified with the aid of the generating-functional formalism of Martin, Siggia, and Rose. A general expression for the renormalized dielectric function is deduced and discussed in detail. Modern approaches such as decimation and PDF methods are described. Derivations of DIA-based Markovian closures are discussed. The eddy-damped quasinormal Markovian closure is shown to be nonrealizable in the presence of waves, and a new realizable Markovian closure is presented. The test-field model and a realizable modification thereof are also summarized. Numerical solutions of various closures for some plasma-physics paradigms are reviewed. The variational approach to bounds on transport is developed. Miscellaneous topics include Onsager symmetries for turbulence, the interpretation of entropy balances for both kinetic and fluid descriptions, self-organized criticality, statistical interactions between disparate scales, and the roles of both mean and random shear. Appendices are provided on Fourier transform conventions, dimensional and scaling analysis, the derivations of nonlinear gyrokinetic and gyrofluid equations, stochasticity criteria for quasilinear theory, formal aspects of resonance-broadening theory, Novikov's theorem, the treatment of weak inhomogeneity, the derivation of the Vlasov weak-turbulence wave kinetic equation from a fully renormalized description, some features of a code for solving the direct-interaction approximation and related Markovian closures, the details of the solution of the EDQNM closure for a solvable three-wave model, and the notation used in the article.
John A. Krommes
Fowler-Nordheim Electron Cold Emission Formalism in Presence of Strong Magnetic Field
Formalisms for both non-relativistic as well as relativistic versions of field emission of electrons in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field, relevant for strongly magnetized neutron stars or magnetars are developed. In the non-relativistic scenario, where electrons obey Schr{$\\ddot{\\rm{o}}$}dinger equation, we have noticed that when Landau levels are populated for electrons in presence of strong quantizing magnetic field the transmission probability exactly vanishes unless the electrons are spin polarized in the opposite direction to the external magnetic field. On the other hand, the cold electron emission under the influence of strong electrostatic field at the poles is totally forbidden from the surface of those compact objects for which the surface magnetic field strength is $\\gg 10^{15}$G (in the eventuality that they may exist). Whereas in the relativistic case, where the electrons obey Dirac equation, the presence of strong quantizing magnetic field completely forbids the emission of electrons from the surface of compact objects if $B >10^{13}$G.
Arpita Ghosh; Somenath Chakrabarty
Magnetic anisotropy in a permalloy microgrid fabricated by near-field optical lithography
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We report the fabrication and magnetic properties of permalloy microgrids prepared by near-field optical lithography and characterized using high-sensitivity magneto-optical Kerr effect techniques. A fourfold magnetic anisotropy induced by the grid architecture is identified. {copyright} 2001 American Institute of Physics.
Li, S. P.; Lebib, A.; Peyrade, D.; Natali, M.; Chen, Y.; Lew, W. S.; Bland, J. A. C.
Impact of Permanent Magnet Field on Inductance Variation of a PMLSM Julien Gomand1
of Surface Mounted Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors are generally presented with constantImpact of Permanent Magnet Field on Inductance Variation of a PMLSM Julien Gomand1 , Ghislain Remy1 Linear drive, Modelling, Estimation technique, Synchronous motor, Harmonics. Abstract Analytical models
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
The Impact of the BLAST Magnetic Field on the Cerenkov Detectors
We report a factor of two improvement to the efficiencies of a large array of diffusely reflective aerogel Cerenkov detectors which were operated near a high magnetic field. This was accomplished by designing additional magnetic shielding. The improvement was studied by observing the ADC spectrum of the detectors.
Tonguc, B. [Department of Physics, Sakarya University, 54187 Adapazari (Turkey)
Magnetic Field Generation in Planets and Satellites by Natural Nuclear Fission Reactors
One of the most fundamental problems in physics has been to understand the nature of the mechanism that generates the geomagnetic field and the magnetic fields of other planets and satellites. For decades, the dynamo mechanism, thought to be responsible for generating the geomagnetic field and other planetary magnetic fields, has been ascribed to convection in each planet's iron-alloy core. Recently, I described the problems inherent in Earth-core convection and proposed instead that the geomagnetic field is produced by a dynamo mechanism involving convection, not in the fluid core, but in the electrically conductive, fluid, fission-product sub-shell of a natural nuclear fission reactor at the center of the Earth, called the georeactor. Here I set forth in detail the commonality in the Solar System of the matter like that of the inside of the Earth, which is my basis for generalizing the concept of planetary magnetic field generation by natural planetocentric nuclear fission reactors.
J. Marvin Herndon
We present a striking filament pattern in the nonlinear force-free (NLFF) chromospheric magnetic field of the active region NOAA 10956. The NLFF chromospheric field is extrapolated from the Hinode high-resolution photospheric vector magnetogram using the weighted optimization method. The modeled structure is characterized by a highly sheared field with strong horizontal magnetic components and has a virtually identical shape and location as the filament seen in H{alpha}. The modeled field strength agrees with the recent He I 10830 A observations by Kuckein et al.. The unequivocal resemblance between the NLFF extrapolation and the H{alpha} observation not only demonstrates the ability of the NLFF field to reproduce chromospheric features, but also provides a valuable diagnostic tool for the filament magnetic fields.
Jing Ju; Yuan Yuan; Xu Yan; Liu Rui; Wang Haimin [Space Weather Research Laboratory, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 (United States); Wiegelmann, Thomas, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Max Planck Institut fuer Sonnensystemforschung (MPS), Max-Planck-Strasse 2, 37191 Katlenburg-Lindau (Germany)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We derive the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy two-point correlation function (including off-diagonal correlations) from broken spatial isotropy due to an arbitrarily oriented homogeneous cosmological magnetic field.
Kahniashvili, Tina [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 (United States); Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 (Canada); National Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, 2A Kazbegi Ave, Tbilisi, GE-0160 (Georgia); Lavrelashvili, George [Department of Theoretical Physics, A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute, 1 M. Aleksidze, Tbilisi, GE-0193 (Georgia); Ratra, Bharat [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 (United States)
A two-phase spherical electric machine for generating rotating uniform magnetic fields
This thesis describes the design and construction of a novel two-phase spherical electric machine that generates rotating uniform magnetic fields, known as a fluxball machine. Alternative methods for producing uniform ...
Lawler, Clinton T. (Clinton Thomas)
A Pilot Study of Pregnancy Outcome, Physical Activity and Magnetic Field Exposure
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This brief describes a pilot study that addresses the feasibility of a study of pregnancy outcomes in assisted reproductive technology (ART) populations in relation to magnetic field exposure and physical activity.
The electrostatic instabilities driven by the gradients of the density, temperature and magnetic field, are discussed in their application to solar magnetic structures. Strongly growing modes are found for some typical plasma parameters. These instabilities i) imply the presence of electric fields that can accelerate the plasma particles in both perpendicular and parallel directions with respect to the magnetic field vector, and ii) can stochastically heat ions. The perpendicular acceleration is to the leading order determined by the $\\bmath{E}\\times \\bmath{B}$-drift acting equally on both ions and electrons, while the parallel acceleration is most effective on electrons. The experimentally confirmed stochastic heating is shown to act mainly in the direction perpendicular to the magnetic field vector and acts stronger on heavier ions. The energy release rate and heating may exceed for several orders of magnitude the value accepted as necessary for a self-sustained heating in the solar corona. The energy sourc...
Vranjes, J
Nucleon properties are investigated in background electric fields. As the magnetic moments of baryons affect their relativistic propagation in constant electric fields, electric polarizabilities cannot be determined without knowledge of magnetic moments. We devise combinations of nucleon correlation functions in external electric fields to isolate both observables. Using an ensemble of anisotropic gauge configurations with dynamical clover fermions, we demonstrate how magnetic moments and electric polarizabilities can be determined from lattice QCD simulations in background electric fields. We obtain results for both the neutron and proton, however, our study is currently limited to electrically neutral sea quarks. The value we extract for the nucleon isovector magnetic moment is comparable to that obtained from measuring lattice three-point functions at similar pion masses.
Detmold, William; Walker-Loud, Andre
In this paper, we report on turbulent acceleration of the dissipation of the magnetic field in the post-shock region of a Poynting flux-dominated flow, such as the Crab pulsar wind nebula. We have performed two-dimensional resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics simulations of subsonic turbulence driven by the Richtmyer-Meshkov instability at the shock fronts of the Poynting flux-dominated flows in pulsar winds. We find that turbulence stretches current sheets which substantially enhances the dissipation of the magnetic field, and that most of the initial magnetic field energy is dissipated within a few eddy-turnover times. We also develop a simple analytical model for turbulent dissipation of the magnetic field that agrees well with our simulations. The analytical model indicates that the dissipation rate does not depend on resistivity even in the small resistivity limit. Our findings can possibly alleviate the {sigma}-problem in the Crab pulsar wind nebulae.
Takamoto, Makoto [Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502 (Japan); Inoue, Tsuyoshi [Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University, Fuchinobe, Chuou-ku, Sagamihara 252-5258 (Japan); Inutsuka, Shu-ichiro, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8602 (Japan)
Measuring response of extruded scintillator to UV LED in magnetic field
The experimental results on the performance of the extruded scintillator and WLS fiber, and various LEDs in the magnetic fields of 1.8T and 2.3T respectively, are reported. The methodic used is being described.
Beznosko, D.; Blazey, G.; Dyshkant, A.; Francis, K.; Kubik, D.; Rykalin, V.; /Northern Illinois U.; Tartaglia, M.; /Fermilab; Zutshi, V.; /Northern Illinois U.
Quantum-limited measurement of magnetic-field gradient with entangled atoms
We propose a method to detect the microwave magnetic-field gradient by using a pair of entangled two-component Bose-Einstein condensates. We consider the two spatially separated condensates to be coupled to the two different magnetic fields. The magnetic-field gradient can be determined by measuring the variances of population differences and relative phases between the two-component condensates in two wells. The precision of measurement can reach the Heisenberg limit. We study the effects of one-body and two-body atom losses on the detection. We find that the entangled atoms can outperform the uncorrelated atoms in probing the magnetic fields in the presence of atom losses. The effect of atom-atom interactions is also discussed.
H. T. Ng
A simple model for the distribution of quiet Sun magnetic field strengths
We derive a first order linear differential equation describing the shape of the probability density function of magnetic field strengths in the quiet Sun (PDF). The modeling is very schematic. It considers convective motions which continuously supply and withdraw magnetic structures. In addition, a magnetic amplification mechanism increases the field strength up to a threshold that cannot be exceeded. These three basic ingredients provide PDFs in good agreement with the PDFs produced by realistic numerical simulations of magneto convection, as well as with quiet Sun PDFs inferred from observations. In particular, the distribution is approximately lognormal, and it produces an excess of magnetic fields (i.e., a 'hump' in the distribution) right before the maximum field strength. The success of this simple model may indicate that only a few basic ingredients shape the quiet Sun PDF. Our approach provides a concise parametric representation of the PDF, as required to develop automatic methods of diagnostics.
J. Sanchez Almeida
Stability of Relativistic Matter with Magnetic Fields for Nuclear Charges up to the Critical Value
We give a proof of stability of relativistic matter with magnetic fields all the way up to the critical value of the nuclear charge $Z\\alpha=2/\\pi$.
Rupert L. Frank; Elliott H. Lieb; Robert Seiringer
On magnetic-field-induced dissipationless electric current in helicoidal graphene nanoribbons
We argue that twisted (helicoidal) graphene nanoribbons may support dissipationless electric current in the presence of static uniform magnetic field. The non-resistive charge transfer in this parity-odd system should be enhanced by thermal fluctuations.
M. N. Chernodub
Ferrohydrodynamic flows in uniform and non-uniform rotating magnetic fields
Ferrofluids are conventionally used in such DC magnetic field applications as rotary and exclusion seals, stepper motor dampers, and heat transfer fluids. Recent research demonstrates ferrofluid use in alternating and ...
He, Xiaowei, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
E33: Influence of High Magnetic Field on Intermediate Phase Growth ...
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
It indicates that high magnetic field of positive gradient promote the growth rate of the .... Mechanical Properties of Low-cost Beta-type Ti-Mn Alloys Fabricated by ...
On O-X mode conversion in 2D inhomogeneous plasma with a sheared magnetic field
The conversion of an ordinary wave to an extraordinary wave in a 2D inhomogeneous slab model of the plasma confined by a sheared magnetic field is studied analytically.
A Yu Popov
Ferrofluid spin-up flows from uniform and non-uniform rotating magnetic fields
When ferrofluid in a cylindrical container is subjected to a rotating azimuthally directed magnetic field, the fluid "spins up" into an almost rigid-body rotation where ferrofluid nanoparticles have both a linear and an ...
Khushrushahi, Shahriar Rohinton
The Galactic magnetic field, locally observed to be on the order of a few $\\mu$G, is sufficiently strong to induce deflections in the arrival directions of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We present a method that establishes measures of self-consistency for hypothesis sets comprised of cosmic magnetic field models and ultra-high energy cosmic ray composition and source distributions. The method uses two independent procedures to compare the backtracked velocity vectors outside the magnetic field model to the distribution of backtracked velocity directions of many isotropic observations with the same primary energies. This allows for an estimate of the statistical consistency between the observed data and simulated isotropic observations. Inconsistency with the isotropic expectation of source correlation in both procedures is interpreted as the hypothesis set providing a self-consistent description of GMF and UHECR properties for the cosmic ray observations.
Michael S. Sutherland; Brian M. Baughman; James J. Beatty
New magnetic field measurements of beta Cephei stars and Slowly Pulsating B stars
We present the results of the continuation of our magnetic survey with FORS1 at the VLT of a sample of B-type stars consisting of confirmed or candidate beta Cephei stars and Slowly Pulsating B (hereafter SPB) stars, along with a small number of normal B-type stars. A weak mean longitudinal magnetic field of the order of a few hundred Gauss was detected in three beta Cephei stars and two stars suspected to be beta Cephei stars, in five SPB stars and eight stars suspected to be SPB stars. Additionally, a longitudinal magnetic field at a level larger than 3sigma has been diagnosed in two normal B-type stars, the nitrogen-rich early B-type star HD52089 and in the B5 IV star HD153716. Roughly one third of beta Cephei stars have detected magnetic fields: Out of 13 beta Cephei stars studied to date with FORS1, four stars possess weak magnetic fields, and out of the sample of six suspected beta Cephei stars two show a weak magnetic field. The fraction of magnetic SPBs and candidate SPBs is found to be higher: roughl...
Hubrig, S; De Cat, P; Schöller, M; Morel, T; Ilyin, I
Plasma particle and energy reflection at a wall with an obliquely incident magnetic field
The particle and energy reflection coefficients are calculated for a plasma incident at a wall with an obliquely incident magnetic field. The salient result of these calculations is that the reflection coefficients can approach unity when the magnetic field is incident at grazing angles. This reflection of particles and energy will be an important process in determining the particle and energy balance in the edge plasma.
Knize, R.J.
Association of Wire Code Configuration With Long-Term Average 60-Hz Magnetic Fields and Exposure
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Previous studies have reported associations between cancer and the configuration of outdoor electric utility lines, popularly referred to as the wire code, which were developed as a surrogate for time-weighted-average (TWA) exposure to magnetic fields. A study was conducted to measure the magnetic fields in over 200 houses in eight areas within the contiguous United States. This interim report presents the major results of that study.
This paper discusses the following topics: High-Field Test Facility Equipment at LLNL; FENIX Magnet Facility; High-Field Test Facility (HFTF) 2-m Solenoid; Cryogenic Mechanical Test Facility; Electro-Mechanical Conductor Test Apparatus; Electro-Mechanical Wire Test Apparatus; FENIX/HFTF Data System and Network Topology; Helium Gas Management System (HGMS); Airco Helium Liquefier/Refrigerator; CTI 2800 Helium Liquefier; and MFTF-B/ITER Magnet Test Facility.
Miller, J.R.; Shen, S.; Summers, L.T.
High-field magnets using high-critical-temperature superconducting thin films
High-field magnets fabricated from high-critical-temperature superconducting ceramic (HTSC) thin films which can generate fields greater than 4 Tesla. The high-field magnets are made of stackable disk-shaped substrates coated with HTSC thin films, and involves maximizing the critical current density, superconducting film thickness, number of superconducting layers per substrate, substrate diameter, and number of substrates while minimizing substrate thickness. The HTSC thin films are deposited on one or both sides of the substrates in a spiral configuration with variable line widths to increase the field.
Mitlitsky, Fred (Livermore, CA); Hoard, Ronald W. (Livermore, CA)
High-field magnets using high-critical-temperature superconducting thin films
High-field magnets fabricated from high-critical-temperature superconducting ceramic (HTSC) thin films which can generate fields greater than 4 Tesla are disclosed. The high-field magnets are made of stackable disk-shaped substrates coated with HTSC thin films, and involves maximizing the critical current density, superconducting film thickness, number of superconducting layers per substrate, substrate diameter, and number of substrates while minimizing substrate thickness. The HTSC thin films are deposited on one or both sides of the substrates in a spiral configuration with variable line widths to increase the field. 4 figures.
Mitlitsky, F.; Hoard, R.W.
TVA's 500-kV electric and magnetic fields: measurements and analyses
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This report summarizes the results of the 500-kV electric and magnetic fields data project, performed by the Electrical Systems Group of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA). The objectives of the project were to measure, record, and analyze electric and magnetic fields in the vicintiy of TVA's 500-kV transmission lines. Also the effects of transmission line fields on the growth and development of selected agricultural and forest plant species were to be investigated. This report contains only the categorization and the statistical analysis of the fields data.
Not Available
Transport of Magnetic Field by a Turbulent Flow of Liquid Sodium
We study the effect of a turbulent flow of liquid sodium generated in the von Karman geometry, on the localized field of a magnet placed close to the frontier of the flow. We observe that the field can be transported by the flow on distances larger than its integral length scale. In the most turbulent configurations, the mean value of the field advected at large distance vanishes. However, the rms value of the fluctuations increases linearly with the magnetic Reynolds number. The advected field is strongly intermittent.
Volk, R.; Odier, Ph.; Pinton, J.-F. [Laboratoire de Physique de l'Ecole Normale Superieure de Lyon, CNRS UMR 5672, 47 allee d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cedex 07 (France); Ravelet, F.; Monchaux, R.; Chiffaudel, A.; Daviaud, F. [Service de Physique de l'Etat Condense, Direction des Sciences de la Matiere, CEA-Saclay, CNRS URA 2464, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex (France); Berhanu, M.; Fauve, S.; Mordant, N.; Petrelis, F. [Laboratoire de Physique Statistique de l'Ecole Normale Superieure, CNRS UMR 8550, 24 Rue Lhomond, 75231 Paris Cedex 05 (France)
The magnetic field along the jets of NGC 4258 as deduced from high frequency radio observations
We present 2.4" resolution, high sensitivity radio continuum observations of the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 4258 in total intensity and linear polarization obtained with the Very Large Array at 3.6 cm (8.44 GHz). The radio emission along the northern jet and the center of the galaxy is polarized and allows investigation of the magnetic field. Assuming energy-equipartition between the magnetic field and the relativistic particles and distinguishing between (1) a relativistic electron-proton jet and (2) a relativistic electron-positron jet, we obtain average magnetic field strengths of about (1) 310\\muG and (2) 90\\muG. The rotation measure is determined to range from -400 to -800 rad/m^2 in the northern jet. Correcting the observed E-vectors of polarized intensity for Faraday rotation, the magnetic field along the jet turns out to be orientated mainly along the jet axis. An observed tilt with respect to the jet axis may indicate also a toroidal magnetic field component or a slightly helical magnetic field around the northern jet.
M. Krause; A. L"ohr
Partially Ionized Atmospheres of Neutron Stars with Strong Magnetic Fields
We construct hydrogen atmosphere models for strongly magnetized neutron stars in thermodynamic equilibrium, taking into account partial ionization. The presence of bound states affects the equation of state, absorption coefficients, and polarizability tensor of a strongly magnetized plasma. Therefore the partial ionization influences the polarization vectors and opacities of normal electromagnetic waves, and thus the spectra of outgoing radiation. Here we review a model suitable for the most typical neutron-star atmospheres and focus on the problems that remain to be solved for its extension to other atmospheric parameters.
Potekhin, A.
A Relativistic Generalization of Fowler-Nordheim Cold Emission in Presence of Strong Magnetic Field
A relativistic version of cold emission of electrons in presence of strong magnetic field, relevant for strongly magnetized neutron stars is obtained. It is found that in this scenario, a scalar type potential barrier does not allow quantum tunneling through the surface. Whereas, in presence of a vector type surface barrier, the probability of electron emission is much larger compared to the original Fowler-Nordheim cold emission of electrons. It is found that the relativistic version in presence of strong magnetic field does not follow exponential decay.
Arpita Ghosh; Somenath Chakrabarty
Ground Magnetics At San Francisco Volcanic Field Area (Warpinski, Et Al.,
Warpinski, Et Al., Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Ground Magnetics At San Francisco Volcanic Field Area (Warpinski, Et Al., 2004) Exploration Activity Details Location San Francisco Volcanic Field Area Exploration Technique Ground Magnetics Activity Date Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Notes Northern Arizona University has re-assessed the existing exploration data, geologically mapped the target area, obtained rock samples for age dating and mineral chemistry, performed gravity and magnetic surveys, and integrated these results to identify potential drilling targets and sites. Further work may occur in 2004 or 2005. References N. R. Warpinski, A. R. Sattler, R. Fortuna, D. A. Sanchez, J.
An accurate determination and characterization of electric and magnetic fields produced by power lines is a complex task. Different models must be used for far fields and for near fields. This study is centered on computation and measurement aspects of extremely low frequency magnetic fields in the direct proximity of the conductors of power lines, situated well above the ground level. Conventional approximation of a sagged wire as a straight horizontal conductor of infinite length has been substituted with a periodical catenary model of the conductors A series of measurements performed with all electric utility bucket truck provide unique magnetic field data very close to the conductors. A conceptual design of a power line proximity detector is proposed as a result of these studies.
Mamishev, Alexander V
Magnetars: Time Evolution, Superfluid Properties, and Mechanism of Magnetic Field Decay
We calculate the coupled thermal evolution and magnetic field decay in relativistic model neutron stars threaded by superstrong magnetic fields (B > 10^{15} G). Our main goal is to evaluate how such ``magnetars'' evolve with time and how field decay modifies the transitions to core superfluidity and cooling dominated by surface X-ray emission. Observations of a thermal X-ray spectral component and fast timing noise place strong constraints on the presence of a superfluid core. We find that the transition to core superfluidity can be significantly delayed by field decay in the age range ~ 10^3-10^5 yrs. The mechanism of Hall drift is related to the stability of the core magnetic field, and to currents flowing outward through the crust. The heating effect is enhanced if it is continuous rather than spasmodic. Condensation of a heavy element layer at the surface is shown to cause only modest changes in the outward conduction of heat.
P. Arras; A. Cumming; C. Thompson
RESEARCH Open Access H low field nuclear magnetic resonance
magnetic resonance, Biodiesel, Biodiesel physical properties, Chemometrics, Laplace inversion of biodiesel Paula Berman1 , Adi Leshem1 , Oren Etziony1 , Ofer Levi2 , Yisrael Parmet2 , Michael Saunders3 and Zeev Wiesman1* Abstract Background: Biodiesel production has increased dramatically over the last
Stanford University
Relativistic diodes in crossed magnetic fields. Progress report, June 1, 1975--February 15, 1976
The behavior of a cylindrical field emission diode (radial potential approximately 200 kV) was studied in the presence of an externally applied axial magnetic field B less than or equal to 16 kG. Observations made of the space charge-limited electron current (approximately 50 kA) compare favorably with theory which takes into account the presence of both the external axial magnetic field and the azimuthal self-magnetic field generated by current flow in the cathode. At magnetic fields exceeding the critical field necessary for cutoff, small but not insignificant current flows persist. The associated microwave emission suggests that this residual current is being driven by an as-yet-unidentified high-frequency instability. Time-resolved measurements of the diode current and voltage lead to a determination of the expansion velocity of the cathode and anode plasmas. It was found that an external magnetic field of approximately 5 kG suffices to stop plasma motion. This value is in agreement with magnetohydrodynamic computations for a hydrogen plasma having an initial temperature of a few eV. Spectroscopic measurements of the diode plasma have shown that hydrogen is indeed the dominant ion species. Stark broadening of the spectral lines yields their number density.
Bekefi, G.
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We have used Transition Region and Coronal Explorer 1600 A images and Global Oscillation Network Group (GONG) magnetograms to compare ultraviolet (UV) emissions from the chromosphere to longitudinal magnetic field changes in the photosphere during four X-class solar flares. An abrupt, significant, and persistent change in the magnetic field occurred across more than 10 pixels in the GONG magnetograms for each flare. These magnetic changes lagged the GOES flare start times in all cases, showing that they were consequences and not causes of the flares. Ultraviolet emissions were spatially coincident with the field changes. The UV emissions tended to lag the GOES start times for the flares and led the changes in the magnetic field in all pixels except one. The UV emissions led the photospheric field changes by 4 minutes on average with the longest lead being 9 minutes; however, the UV emissions continued for tens of minutes, and more than an hour in some cases, after the field changes were complete. The observations are consistent with the picture in which an Alfven wave from the field reconnection site in the corona propagates field changes outward in all directions near the onset of the impulsive phase, including downward through the chromosphere and into the photosphere, causing the photospheric field changes, whereas the chromosphere emits in the UV in the form of flare kernels, ribbons, and sequential chromospheric brightenings during all phases of the flare.
Johnstone, B. M.; Petrie, G. J. D.; Sudol, J. J. [Department of Physics, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383 (United States)
Options for Shielding Tokamak Cooling Water Electrical Components against High Magnetic Fields
The Tokamak Cooling Water System (TCWS) Instrumentation and Control (I&C) components of ITER will be located in areas of relatively high magnetic fields. Previous tests on electrical and I&C components have indicated that shielding will be required to protect these components from such magnetic fields. To accomplish this, studies were performed by AREVA Federal Services (AFS) in support of the TCWS Design project with the intent of identifying an optimal solution for shielding I&C components. This report presents a summary of these studies and presents design options for providing magnetic shielding to ITER TCWS I&C components and electrical equipment that are susceptible to the magnetic fields present.
Korsah, Kofi [ORNL; Michael, Smith [AREVA Federal Services LLC; Kim, Seokho H [ORNL; Charles, Neumeyer [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL)
A Snowflake-Shaped Magnetic Field Holds Promise for Taming Harsh Fusion
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
A Snowflake-Shaped Magnetic Field Holds Promise for Taming Harsh Fusion A Snowflake-Shaped Magnetic Field Holds Promise for Taming Harsh Fusion Plasmas Recent experiments have confirmed the great potential of a novel plasma-material interface concept. By U.S Department of Energy Office of Science October 31, 2012 Tweet Widget Facebook Like Google Plus One National Spherical Torus Experiment (Photo by Elle Starkman, Office of Communications, PPPL) National Spherical Torus Experiment The Science Heat escaping from the core of a twelve-million degree nuclear fusion plasma device was successfully contained by a snowflake-shaped magnetic field to mitigate its impact on device walls. The Impact One of the grand challenges of the magnetic fusion research is to "tame the plasma-material interface"-to develop an interface between the hot
The relative alignments of mid-infrared traced Galactic bubbles are compared to the orientation of the mean Galactic magnetic field in the disk. The orientations of bubbles in the northern Galactic plane were measured and are consistent with random orientations-no preferential alignment with respect to the Galactic disk was found. A subsample of H II region driven Galactic bubbles was identified, and as a single population they show random orientations. When this subsample was further divided into subthermal and suprathermal H II regions, based on hydrogen radio recombination linewidths, the subthermal H II regions showed a marginal deviation from random orientations, but the suprathermal H II regions showed significant alignment with the Galactic plane. The mean orientation of the Galactic disk magnetic field was characterized using new near-infrared starlight polarimetry and the suprathermal H II regions were found to preferentially align with the disk magnetic field. If suprathermal linewidths are associated with younger H II regions, then the evolution of young H II regions is significantly affected by the Galactic magnetic field. As H II regions age, they cease to be strongly linked to the Galactic magnetic field, as surrounding density variations come to dominate their morphological evolution. From the new observations, the ratios of magnetic-to-ram pressures in the expanding ionization fronts were estimated for younger H II regions.
Pavel, Michael D.; Clemens, D. P., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Institute for Astrophysical Research, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215 (United States)
Disk Accretion Flow Driven by Large-Scale Magnetic Fields: Solutions with Constant Specific Energy
(Abridged) We study the dynamical evolution of a stationary, axisymmetric, and perfectly conducting cold accretion disk containing a large-scale magnetic field around a Kerr black hole, trying to understand the relation between accretion and the transportation of angular momentum and energy. We solve the radial momentum equation for solutions corresponding to an accretion flow that starts from a subsonic state at infinity, smoothly passes the fast critical point, then supersonically falls into the horizon of the black hole. The solutions always have the following features: 1) The specific energy of fluid particles remains constant but the specific angular momentum is effectively removed by the magnetic field. 2) At large radii, where the disk motion is dominantly rotational, the energy density of the magnetic field is equipartitioned with the rotational energy density of the disk. 3) Inside the fast critical point, where radial motion becomes important, the ratio of the electromagnetic energy density to the kinetic energy density drops quickly. The results indicate that: 1) Disk accretion does not necessarily imply energy dissipation since magnetic fields do not have to transport or dissipate a lot of energy as they effectively transport angular momentum. 2) When resistivity is small, the large-scale magnetic field is amplified by the shearing rotation of the disk until the magnetic energy density is equipartitioned with the rotational energy density, ending up with a geometrically thick disk. This is in contrast with the evolution of small-scale magnetic fields where if the resistivity is nonzero the magnetic energy density is likely to be equipartitioned with the kinetic energy density associated with local random motions (e.g., turbulence), making a thin Keplerian disk possible.
Li-Xin Li
Spin glass transition in a magnetic field: a renormalization group study
We study the transition of short range Ising spin glasses in a magnetic field, within a general replica symmetric field theory, which contains three masses and eight cubic couplings, that is defined in terms of the fields representing the replicon, anomalous and longitudinal modes. We discuss the symmetry of the theory in the limit of replica number n ? 0, and consider the regular case where the longitudinal and anomalous masses remain degenerate. The spin glass transitions in zero and non-zero field are analyzed in a common framework. The mean field treatment shows the usual results, that is a transition in zero field, where all the modes become critical, and a transition in nonzero field, at the de Almeida-Thouless (AT) line, with only the replicon mode critical. Renormalization group methods are used to study the critical behavior, to order ? = 6 ? d. In the general theory we find a stable fixed-point associated to the spin glass transition in zero field. This fixed-point becomes unstable in the presence of a small magnetic field, and we calculate crossover exponents, which we relate to zero-field critical exponents. In a finite magnetic field, we find no physical stable fixed-point to describe the AT transition, in agreement with previous results of other authors. PACS numbers: 75.50.Lk, 75.40.Cx 1 I
I. R. Pimentel; T. Temesvári; C. De Dominicis
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The authors have performed measurements of the magnetic field dependence of the critical current density J{sub c} of Bi-2212/Ag round wire produced by isothermal melt processing. In contrast to the case for flat tape, there is very little dependence of J{sub c} on the direction of the magnetic field as it is rotated normal to the wire axis, which is the direction of the nominal current flow. However, when the angle of the magnetic field direction is rotated from normal to the wire axis to parallel to that axis, J{sub c} at 64 K and 0.2 T increases by more than a factor of four. Again, this is in contrast to the results observed for Bi-2212/Ag and Bi-2223/Ag flat tapes, which show no anisotropy under similar experimental conditions. They can explain these differences in angular anisotropy by referring to the microstructure of these two conductor types, which have distinctly different types of grain alignment. They discuss the general behavior of the dependence of J{sub c} on the orientation of a magnetic field for high temperature superconductors.
Willis, J.O.; Holesinger, T.G.; Coulter, J.Y.; Maley, M.P. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States). Superconductivity Technology Center
Study of Various Slanted Air-gap Structures of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor of the slanted air-gap structure of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with brushless field magnet machine, synchronous motors, torque. I. NOMENCLATURE BFE brushless field excitation IPMSM interior
Tolbert, Leon M.
Correlated time derivatives of current, electric field intensity, and magnetic flux density current and its time derivative correlated with the corresponding electric field intensity and magnetic. The measured current derivative waveform and the return stroke portion of the magnetic flux density derivative
Florida, University of
Assessment of children's long-term exposure to magnetic fields (the Enertech study)
The objective of this study was to evaluate whether engineering approaches to estimating residential fields due to ground currents and outdoor line currents provide a valid basis for assessing magnetic field exposure. Investigators selected 35 homes representing a range of external utility wiring and home grounding characteristics. During two visits to the study houses about half a year apart, they measured ground currents, indoor magnetic fields (both 24-hour and spot), outdoor magnetic field profiles, and using a three-axis integrating meter (the AMEX-3D) also measured personal exposure. They also collected data on residential power consumption and utility load on the distribution system during the measurement period. The investigators tested whether engineering-based exposure estimates correlated with those measured on the AMEX-3D. Time-weighted-average (TWA) magnetic field exposure as recorded on the AMEX-3D correlated significantly with both the power consumed within individual residences and the power flowing on the utility distribution system. Spot-measured fields were also associated with these quantities. However, compared with the use of spot-measured fields or the Wertheimer-Leeper wiring code, the model incorporating residential consumption and utility loading did not improve the predictability of personal exposure. In addition, temporal variation in the consumption/loading data was not useful in predicting temporal differences in exposure patterns. Despite the statistically significant correlations of spot-measured fields with exposure during the same or even the other of two visits, personal exposures during the two visits were poorly correlated.
Kaune, W.T.; Zaffanella, L.E.
Prediction of magnetic field near power lines by normalized radial basis function network
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Over the past several decades, concerns have been raised over the possibility that the exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields from power lines may have harmful effects on human and living organisms. This work involved the computation ... Keywords: Gradient descent algorithm, Magnetic fields, NRBF network, Power lines, Prediction, Training set
Vesna Rankovi?; Jasna Radulovi?
Thin superconducting disk with field-dependent critical current: Magnetization and ac of a superconducting thin disk are calculated in the critical-state model assuming a field-dependent critical current for the flux and current distributions Phys. Rev. B 60, 13 112 1999 for a disk placed in a perpendicular
Johansen, Tom Henning
Solar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field: A Tutorial C. T. Russell
Solar Wind and Interplanetary Magnetic Field: A Tutorial C. T. Russell Institute of Geophysics at the center of the sun to its radiation into space by the photosphere, but most importantly for the solar wind controls the properties of the solar wind. In this tutorial review we examine the properties of the fields
Russell, Christopher T.
Fermi Surface of ÂUranium at Ambient Pressure Gregory S. Boebinger, National High Magnetic Field Laboratory DMR-Award 0654118 DC Field Facility User Program The fermi surface of ÂUranium has been measured surface of alpha-uranium at ambient pressure, Phys. Rev. B Rapid Commun., 80, 241101 (2009). B//c-axis B
Weston, Ken
Bucking Coil Implementation on PMT for Active Cancelling of Magnetic Field
Aerogel and water Cerenkov detectors were employed to tag kaons for a lambda hypernuclear spectroscopic experiment which used the (e,e'K{sup +}) reaction in experimental Hall C at Jefferson Lab (JLab E05-115). Fringe fields from the kaon spectrometer magnet yielded ~5 Gauss at the photomultiplier tubes (PMT) for these detectors which could not be easily shielded. As this field results in a lowered kaon detection efficiency, we implemented a bucking coil on each photomultiplier tubes to actively cancel this magnetic field, thus maximizing kaon detection efficiency.
Gogami, T; Asaturyan, A; Bono, J; Baturin, P; Chen, C; Chiba, A; Chiga, N; Fujii, Y; Hashimoto, O; Kawama, D; Maruta, T; Maxwell, V; Mkrtchyan, A; Nagao, S; Nakamura, S N; Reinhold, J; Shichijo, A; Tang, L; Taniya, N; Wood, S A; Ye, Z
EPRI EMF Exposure Database: University of North Carolina (UNC) Electrical Utility Worker Data Set
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
The University of North Carolina (UNC) Electrical Utility Worker Data Set contains measurement data collected during an epidemiologic study of leukemia and brain cancer mortality among nearly 139,000 men employed at five U.S. electric utilities. The data set contains eight data products related to measurements of magnetic field personal exposure. This document describes the UNC data products and provides a common set of statistical parameters, facilitating this study's comparison with other data sets in ...
It is shown that magnetic field exposure from a point source can be studied by characterizing the source with a magnetic dipole. A technique based on in situ measurements of amplitude and phase angle of three orthogonal components of the magnetic field at three points at different distances from the source was developed. The method to determine the center and the real and imaginary components of the dipole moment along the three aces is described. The characterization of the source allows the prediction of the field at any distance and along any direction from the source. The effects of background fields and of the source dimensions and complexity on the accuracy of the results are discussed.
Zaffanella, L.E.; Sullivan, T.P. [Enertech Consultants, Lee, MA (United States); Visintainer, I. [CESI, Milan (Italy)
Probing Solar Magnetic Field with the "Cosmic-Ray Shadow" of the Sun
We report on a clear solar-cycle variation of the Sun's shadow in the 10 TeV cosmic-ray flux observed by the Tibet air shower array during a full solar cycle from 1996 to 2009. In order to clarify the physical implications of the observed solar cycle variation, we develop numerical simulations of the Sun's shadow, using the Potential Field Source Surface (PFSS) model and the Current Sheet Source Surface (CSSS) model for the coronal magnetic field. We find that the intensity deficit in the simulated Sun's shadow is very sensitive to the coronal magnetic field structure, and the observed variation of the Sun's shadow is better reproduced by the CSSS model. This is the first successful attempt to evaluate the coronal magnetic field models by using the Sun's shadow observed in the TeV cosmic-ray flux.
Amenomori, M; Chen, D; Chen, T L; Chen, W Y; Cui, S W; Danzengluobu,; Ding, L K; Feng, C F; Feng, Zhaoyang; Feng, Z Y; Gou, Q B; Guo, Y Q; Hakamada, K; He, H H; He, Z T; Hibino, K; Hotta, N; Hu, Haibing; Hu, H B; Huang, J; Jia, H Y; Jiang, L; Kajino, F; Kasahara, K; Katayose, Y; Kato, C; Kawata, K; Labaciren,; Le, G M; Li, A F; Li, H J; Li, W J; Liu, C; Liu, J S; Liu, M Y; Lu, H; Meng, X R; Mizutani, K; Munakata, K; Nanjo, H; Nishizawa, M; Ohnishi, M; Ohta, I; Onuma, H; Ozawa, S; Qian, X L; Qu, X B; Saito, T; Saito, T Y; Sakata, M; Sako, T K; Shao, J; Shibata, M; Shiomi, A; Shirai, T; Sugimoto, H; Takita, M; Tan, Y H; Tateyama, N; Torii, S; Tsuchiya, H; Udo, S; Wang, H; Wu, H R; Xue, L; Yamamoto, Y; Yang, Z; Yasue, S; Yuan, A F; Yuda, T; Zhai, L M; Zhang, H M; Zhang, J L; Zhang, X Y; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Yi; Zhang, Ying; Zhaxisangzhu,; Zhou, X X
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR/ON) measurements with beta- and gamma-ray detection have been performed on oriented Ag-104(g,m) nuclei with the NICOLE He-3-He-4 dilution refrigerator setup at ISOLDE/CERN. For Ag-104(g) (I-pi = 5(+)) the gamma-NMR/ON resonance signal was found at nu = 266.70(5) MHz. Combining this result with the known magnetic moment for this isotope, the magnetic hyperfine field of Ag impurities in an Fe host at low temperature (< 1 K) is found to be vertical bar B-hf(AgFe)vertical bar = 44.709(35) T. A detailed analysis of other relevant data available in the literature yields three more values for this hyperfine field. Averaging all four values yields a new and precise value for the hyperfine field of Ag in Fe; that is, vertical bar B-hf(AgFe)vertical bar = 44.692(30) T. For Ag-104(m) (I-pi = 2(+)), the anisotropy of the beta particles provided the NMR/ON resonance signal at nu = 627.7(4) MHz. Using the new value for the hyperfine field of Ag in Fe, this frequency corresponds to the magnetic moment mu(Ag-104m) = +3.691(3) mu(N), which is significantly more precise than previous results. The magnetic moments of the even-A Ag102 -110 isotopes are discussed in view of the competition between the (pi g(9/2))(7/2+)(-3)(nu d(5/2)nu g(7/2))(5/2+) and the (pi g(9/2))(9/2+)(-3)(nu d(5/2)nu g(7/2))(5/2+) configurations. The magnetic moments of the ground and isomeric states of Ag-104 can be explained by an almost complete mixing of these two configurations.
V. V. Golovko; I. S. Kraev; T. Phalet; B. Delaure; M. Beck; V. Yu. Kozlov; S. Coeck; F. Wauters; P. Herzog; Ch. Tramm; D. Zakoucky; D. Venos; D. Srnka; M. Honusek; U. Koester; N. Severijns
A buildup of the vertical polarization in the resonant electric dipole moment (EDM) experiment [Y. F. Orlov, W. M. Morse, and Y. K. Semertzidis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 214802 (2006)] is affected by a horizontal electric field in the particle rest frame oscillating at a resonant frequency. This field is defined by the Lorentz transformation of an oscillating longitudinal electric field and a uniform vertical magnetic one. The effect of a longitudinal electric field is significant, while the contribution from a magnetic field caused by forced coherent longitudinal oscillations of particles is dominant. The effect of electric field on the spin dynamics was not taken into account in previous calculations. This effect is considerable and leads to decreasing the EDM effect for the deuteron and increasing it for the proton. The formula for resonance strengths in the EDM experiment has been derived. The spin dynamics has been calculated.
Alexander J. Silenko
The dynamic phase transitions are studied in the spin-2 Ising model under a time-dependent oscillating magnetic field by using the effective-field theory with correlations. The effective-field dynamic equation is derived by employing the Glauber transition rates and the phases in the system are obtained by solving this dynamic equation. The nature (first- or second-order) of the dynamic phase transition is characterized by investigating the thermal behavior of the dynamic order parameter and the dynamic phase transition temperatures are obtained. The dynamic phase diagrams are presented in (T/zJ, h/zJ) plane.
Ertas, Mehmet; Keskin, Mustafa [Department of Physics, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri (Turkey); Deviren, Bayram [Department of Physics, Nevsehir University, 50300 Nevsehir (Turkey)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Although the Sun's polar magnetic fields are thought to provide important clues for understanding the 11 year sunspot cycle, including the observed variations of its amplitude and period, the current database of high-quality polar field measurements spans relatively few sunspot cycles. In this paper, we address this deficiency by consolidating Mount Wilson Observatory polar faculae data from four data reduction campaigns, validating it through a comparison with facular data counted automatically from Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) intensitygrams, and calibrating it against polar field measurements taken by the Wilcox Solar Observatory and average polar field and total polar flux calculated using MDI line-of-sight magnetograms. Our results show that the consolidated polar facular measurements are in excellent agreement with both polar field and polar flux estimates, making them an ideal proxy to study the evolution of the polar magnetic field. Additionally, we combine this database with sunspot area measurements to study the role of the polar magnetic flux in the evolution of the heliospheric magnetic field (HMF). We find that there is a strong correlation between HMF and polar flux at solar minimum and that, taken together, polar flux and sunspot area are better at explaining the evolution of the HMF during the last century than sunspot area alone.
Munoz-Jaramillo, Andres; DeLuca, Edward E. [Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA 02138 (United States); Sheeley, Neil R. [Space Science Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5352 (United States); Zhang, Jie, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [School of Physics, Astronomy and Computational Sciences, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030 (United States)
Probability Density Functions to Represent Magnetic Fields at the Solar Surface
Numerical simulations of magneto-convection and analysis of solar magnetogram data provide empirical probability density functions (PDFs) for the line-of-sight component of the magnetic field. In this paper, we theoretically explore effects of several types of PDFs on polarized Zeeman line formation. We also propose composite PDFs to account for randomness in both field strength and orientation. Such PDFs can possibly mimic random fields at the solar surface.
Sampoorna, M
Generation of Seed Magnetic Field around First Stars: the Biermann Battery Effect
We investigate generation processes of magnetic fields around first stars. Since the first stars are expected to form anisotropic ionization fronts in the surrounding clumpy media, magnetic fields are generated by effects of radiation force as well as the Biermann battery effect. We have calculated the amplitude of magnetic field generated by the effects of radiation force around the first stars in the preceding paper, in which the Biermann battery effects are not taken into account.In this paper, we calculate the generation of magnetic fields by the Biermann battery effect as well as the effects of radiation force, utilizing the radiation hydrodynamics simulations. As a result, we find that the generated magnetic field strengths are ~ 10^{-19}G-10^{-17}G at ~ 100pc-1kpc scale mainly by the Biermann battery, which is an order of magnitude larger than the results of our previous study. We also find that this result is insensitive to various physical parameters including the mass of the source star, distance be...
Doi, Kentaro
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We investigate the generation processes of magnetic fields around first stars. Since first stars are expected to form anisotropic ionization fronts in the surrounding clumpy media, magnetic fields are generated by the effects of radiation force, as well as the Biermann battery effect. We calculated the amplitude of the magnetic field generated by the effects of radiation force around the first stars in a preceding paper but the Biermann battery effects were not taken into account. In this paper, we calculate the generation of magnetic fields by the Biermann battery effect as well as the effects of radiation force, utilizing radiation hydrodynamics simulations. As a result, we find that the generated magnetic field strengths are {approx}10{sup -19} G - 10{sup -17} G at {approx}100 pc-1 kpc scale, an order of magnitude larger than the results of our previous study mainly as a result of the Biermann battery effect. We also find that this result is insensitive to various physical parameters including the mass of the source star and the distance between the source and the dense clump, unless we take unlikely values of these parameters.
Doi, Kentaro; Susa, Hajime, E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Physics, Konan University, Okamoto, Kobe (Japan)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We present a study of the magnetic field of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), carried out using diffuse polarized synchrotron emission data at 1.4 GHz acquired at the Parkes Radio Telescope and the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The observed diffuse polarized emission is likely to originate above the LMC disk on the near side of the galaxy. Consistent negative rotation measures (RMs) derived from the diffuse emission indicate that the line-of-sight magnetic field in the LMC's near-side halo is directed coherently away from us. In combination with RMs of extragalactic sources that lie behind the galaxy, we show that the LMC's large-scale magnetic field is likely to be of quadrupolar geometry, consistent with the prediction of dynamo theory. On smaller scales, we identify two brightly polarized filaments southeast of the LMC, associated with neutral hydrogen arms. The filaments' magnetic field potentially aligns with the direction toward the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We suggest that tidal interactions between the SMC and the LMC in the past 10{sup 9} years are likely to have shaped the magnetic field in these filaments.
Mao, S. A. [National Radio Astronomy Observatory, P.O. Box O, Socorro, NM 87801 (United States); McClure-Griffiths, N. M.; McConnell, D. [Australia Telescope National Facility, CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, NSW 1710 (Australia); Gaensler, B. M. [Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006 (Australia); Haverkorn, M. [Department of Astrophysics, Radboud University, P.O. Box 9010, 6500-GL Nijmegen (Netherlands); Beck, R. [Max-Planck-Institut fuer Radioastronomie, D-53121 Bonn (Germany); Wolleben, M. [Square Kilometre Array South Africa, The Park, Pinelands 7405 (South Africa); Stanimirovic, S. [Department of Astronomy, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 (United States); Dickey, J. M. [Physics Department, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001 (Australia); Staveley-Smith, L., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR), The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009 (Australia)
Magnetic and electrostatic confinement of plasma with tuning of electrostatic field
A system and method for containing plasma and forming a Field Reversed Configuration (FRC) magnetic topology are described in which plasma ions are contained magnetically in stable, non-adiabatic orbits in the FRC. Further, the electrons are contained electrostatically in a deep energy well, created by tuning an externally applied magnetic field. The simultaneous electrostatic confinement of electrons and magnetic confinement of ions avoids anomalous transport and facilitates classical containment of both electrons and ions. In this configuration, ions and electrons may have adequate density and temperature so that upon collisions they are fused together by nuclear force, thus releasing fusion energy. Moreover, the fusion fuel plasmas that can be used with the present confinement system and method are not limited to neutronic fuels only, but also advantageously include advanced fuels.
Rostoker, Norman (Irvine, CA); Binderbauer, Michl (Irvine, CA); Qerushi, Artan (Irvine, CA); Tahsiri, Hooshang (Irvine, CA)
Photon mass new limits from strong photon-torsion coupling generation of primordial magnetic fields
Recently Adelberger et al [Phys Rev Lett 98: 010402, (2007)] have placed a limit to photon mass by investigating the primordial magnetic fields. Earlier Bertolami et al [Phys Lett \\textbf{B} 455, 96(1999)] showed that massive photons in a spontaneous Lorentz breaking may generate primordial magnetic fields consistent with galactic dynamo seeds. Torsion coupling constant of order $10^{-5}$, much higher than the previously obtained by de Sabbata and Sivaram of $10^{-24}$, leads to strong amplification of magnetic field able to seed galactic dynamo at recombination era contrary to what happens in general relativistic dynamos. This results in $B\\sim{10^{-5}{\\beta}G}$ where ${\\beta}$ is the massive photon-torsion coupling. Thus in order to obtain the observed galaxy field of $B_{G}\\sim{{\\mu}G}$ one should have a coupling $\\beta\\sim{10^{-1}}$, never observed in the universe. Thus we may conclude that the weaker couplings for torsion to e.m fields shall only produce magnetic fields without dynamos starting from extremely strong magnetic seeds. From the strongest photon-torsion considered one obtains the best CMB estimate for torsion generated magnetic fields $\\frac{{\\delta}B}{B}\\le{10^{-4}}$. By making use of the strong photon-torsion limits obtained here, photon mass limit of $m_{\\gamma}\\sim{10^{-24}eV}$, well-within limits found in literature, which allows us to conclude that a stronger massive photon-torsion limit is physically consistent. Actually this last limit is also graviton mass limit. This results differs from Adelberger et al by two orders of magnitude.
Garcia de Andrade
A Machine Approach for Field Weakening of Permanent-Magnet Motors
The commonly known technology of field weakening for permanent-magnet (PM) motors is achieved by controlling the direct-axis current component through an inverter, without using mechanical variation of the air gap, a new machine approach for field weakening of PM machines by direct control of air-gap fluxes is introduced. The demagnetization situation due to field weakening is not an issue with this new method. In fact, the PMs are strengthened at field weakening. The field-weakening ratio can reach 1O:1 or higher. This technology is particularly useful for the PM generators and electric vehicle drives.
Hsu, J.S.
Point sensitive NMR imaging system using a magnetic field configuration with a spatial minimum
A point-sensitive NMR imaging system (10) in which a main solenoid coil (11) produces a relatively strong and substantially uniform magnetic field and a pair of perturbing coils (PZ1 and PZ2) powered by current in the same direction superimposes a pair of relatively weak perturbing fields on the main field to produce a resultant point of minimum field strength at a desired location in a direction along the Z-axis. Two other pairs of perturbing coils (PX1, PX2; PY1, PY2) superimpose relatively weak field gradients on the main field in directions along the X- and Y-axes to locate the minimum field point at a desired location in a plane normal to the Z-axes. An RF generator (22) irradiates a tissue specimen in the field with radio frequency energy so that desired nuclei in a small volume at the point of minimum field strength will resonate.
Eberhard, Philippe H. (El Cerrito, CA)
Counting Photons in Static Electric and Magnetic Fields
We describe the electromagnetic field by the massless limit of a massive vector field in the presence of a Coulomb gauge fixing term. The gauge fixing term ensures that, in the massless limit, the longitudinal mode is removed from the spectrum and only the two transverse modes survive. The system, coupled to a classical conserved current, is quantized in the canonical formalism. The classical field configurations due to time-independent electric charges and currents are represented by coherent states of longitudinal and transverse photons, respectively. The occupation number in these states is finite. In particular, the number of longitudinal photons bound by an electric charge q is given by N=q^2/(16\\pi\\hbar).
Wolfgang Mueck
Deconfinement to quark matter in neutron stars - The influence of strong magnetic fields
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
We use an extended version of the hadronic SU(3) non-linear realization of the sigma model that also includes quarks to study hybrid stars. Within this approach, the degrees of freedom change naturally as the temperature/density increases. Different prescriptions of charge neutrality, local and global, are tested and the influence of strong magnetic fields and the anomalous magnetic moment on the particle population is discussed.
Dexheimer, V. [UFSC, Florianopolis, Brazil and Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA (Brazil); Negreiros, R. [UFF, Niteroi (Brazil) and FIAS - Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt (Germany); Schramm, S. [FIAS - Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt (Germany); Hempel, M. [University of Basel, Basel (Switzerland)
Probing the Magnetic Fields of Nearby Spiral Galaxies at Low Frequencies with LOFAR
While the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) is still in its commissioning phase, early science results are starting to emerge. Two nearby galaxies, M51 and NGC4631, have been observed as part of the Magnetism Key Science Project's (MKSP) effort to increase our understanding of the nature of weak magnetic fields in galaxies. LOFAR and the complexity of its calibration as well as the aims and goals of the MKSP are presented.
Mulcahy, D D; Adebahr, B; Anderson, J; Beck, R; Bell, M R; Chyzy, K; Giessuebel, R; Heald, G; Horneffer, A; Jurusik, W; Pizzo, R; Scaife, A; Sotomayor-Beltran, C; Nikiel-Wroczynski, B
Large-scale magnetic fields, curvature fluctuations and the thermal history of the Universe
It is shown that gravitating magnetic fields affect the evolution of curvature perturbations in a way that is reminiscent of a pristine non-adiabatic pressure fluctuation. The gauge-invariant evolution of curvature perturbations is used to constrain the magnetic power spectrum. Depending on the essential features of the thermodynamic history of the Universe, the explicit derivation of the bound is modified. The theoretical uncertainty in the constraints on the magnetic energy spectrum is assessed by comparing the results obtained in the case of the conventional thermal history with the estimates stemming from less conventional (but phenomenologically allowed) post-inflationary evolutions.
Massimo Giovannini
Probing the structure of local magnetic field of solar features with helioseismology
Motivated by the problem of local solar subsurface magnetic structure, we have used numerical simulation to investigate the propagation of waves through monolithic magnetic flux tubes of different size. A cluster model can be a good approximation to simulate sunspots as well as solar plage regions which are composed of an ensemble of compactly packed thin flux tubes. Simulations of this type is a powerful tool to probe the structure and the dynamic of various solar features which are related directly to solar magnetic field activity.
Daiffallah, Khalil
Magnetic field effects on the thermonuclear combustion front of Chandrasekhar mass white dwarfs
The explosion of a type Ia supernova starts in a white dwarf as a laminar deflagration at the center of the star and soon several hydrodynamic instabilities, in particular, the Rayleigh-Taylor instability, begin to act. A cellular stationary combustion and a turbulent combustion regime are rapidly achieved by the flame and maintained up to the end of the so-called flamelet regime when the transition to detonation is believed to occur. The burning velocity at these regimes is well described by the fractal model of combustion. Using a semi-analytic approach, we describe the effect of magnetic fields on the fractalization of the front considering a white dwarf with a nearly dipolar magnetic field. We find an intrinsic asymmetry on the velocity field that may be maintained up to the free expansion phase of the remnant. Considering the strongest values inferred for a white dwarf's magnetic fields with strengths up to $10^{8}-10^{9}$ G at the surface and assuming that the field near the centre is roughly 10 times greater, asymmetries in the velocity field higher than $10-20 %$ are produced between the magnetic polar and the equatorial axis of the remnant which may be related to the asymmetries found from recent spectropolarimetric observations of very young SN Ia remnants. Dependence of the asymmetry with white dwarf composition is also analyzed.
Cristian R. Ghezzi; Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino; Jorge E. Horvath
Experimental setup for laser spectroscopy of molecules in a high magnetic field
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
An experimental setup to measure the effects of a high magnetic field on the structure and decay dynamics of molecules is designed and constructed. A vacuum chamber is mounted in the bore of a superconducting magnet. A molecular beam passes in the chamber. Pulsed laser light excites the molecules in the field. The parent or fragment ions are extracted by an electric field parallel to the magnetic field. They are detected by a microchannel plate. Their mass and charge are determined by the time-of-flight method. The performance of the setup was examined using resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization through the X 2 ? – A 2 ? + transition of nitric oxide (NO) molecules. The ions were detected with sufficient mass resolution to discriminate the species in a field of up to 10 T. This is the first experiment to succeed in the mass-selective detection of ions by the time-of-flight method in a high magnetic field. By measuring NO + ion current as a function of the laser frequency
Yasuyuki Kimura and Ken Takazawa
The formation of the QCD vacuum with nonzero winding number $Q_w$ during relativistic heavy-ion collisions breaks the parity and charge-parity symmetry. A new kind of field configuration can separate charge in the presence of a background magnetic field-the "chiral magnetic effect". The strong magnetic field and the QCD vacuum can both completely be produced in the noncentral nuclear-nuclear collision. Basing on the theory of Kharzeev,Mclerran and Warringa, we use the Wood-Saxon nucleon distribution to replace that of the uniform distribution to improve the magnetic field calculation method of the noncentral collision. The chiral magnetic field distribution at LHC(Large Hadron Collider) energy regions are predicted. We also consider the contributions to the magnetic field of the total charge given by the produced quarks.
Yu-Jun Mo; Sheng-Qin Feng; Ya-Fei Shi
Abstract. This paper present the results obtained at examination of steam generator tubes samples made from Incoloy 800, using eddy current transducer with rotating magnetic field. The emission part creates a magnetic rotating field which induces eddy currents in the walls of tubes, the reception being made with an array of sensors. The method presents the advantages of a complete inspection of tube's surface at one passing. To increase the precision of discontinuity localization, a super resolution algorithm is used. The results are comparables with those obtained at the inspection with rotating probe, being obtained a good correlation, the speed of control being superior in the case of transducer with rotating magnetic field. 1.
Raimond Grimberg; Lalita Udpa; Alina Bruma; Rozina Steigmann; Adriana Savin; Satish S. Udpa