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Spiritual Intelligence – Channeler Lecture Serie – Pathway to Consciousness
Spiritual Intelligence – selections from Dr. Williams' talk at the Channeler Lecture Serie – Pathway to Consciousness on January 29th. The next Channeler Lecture on February 26th will continue this theme.
The mind doesn't really like change because it's based on the past. When a person begins to dive into the inner realms, they begin to realize that they are more than their mind. In order to evolve, there must be knowledge and Consciousness. The closer one gets to their inner Self, the more one realizes it is not the outer world influences that matter. It is not our normal knowledge that will move us forward in Consciousness because that knowledge comes from the mind.
Spiritual intelligence is essentially transmitted through a different part of the reptilian brain. These are different neuropathways that we seldom accessed in the past. This part of the reptilian brain leads us to greater awareness and consciousness. Its primary goal is liberation and wholeness, with awareness of our true connection to all of life.
This is actually beyond the brain, and is sometimes referred to as the observer. It is the activator of Consciousness. The mind and the ego cannot reach this place until they are purified. The observer helps us find our truth.
Spiritual intelligence is where one experiences the inner Self watching the mind/ego during meditation. In the past, one would only experience this in brief moments. This leads us to 2012, where not only do we experience the inner Self or observer, watching the mind/ego during meditation, we now experience the space or void between the Self watching the inner self watching the mind and ego.
As we gain more spiritual intelligence, we are able to become more aware of our larger reality. We are actually able to not only listen to what a person may be telling us, but at the same time, we become aware of what they are psychologically projecting on to us. Projection is a largely unconscious and automatic process where some content that does not belong to the other person is projected onto them. With increased spiritual intelligence, we become much more in touch with all that is happening to us. So we hear them talking, and we also sense their projection. We can develop the stability and awareness of this state. Spiritual intelligence isn't a mental discipline. It's the process and experience to liberate yourself and be on a path of self-realization.
The ego is the ruler of your conscious life and who you most often identify with. It is your personality and individuality. When you are identified with your ego, you may believe that you are so evolved and have moved beyond your ego, and surprise! You have not.
You may not be in the same farmer's barn, but you are still in a barn; just a different place, different cows, in different stalls. You are still stuck in the same reality, just different people and different circumstances. It does not necessarily mean you have not grown. It means do not underestimate the ability of the ego to reinvent itself. In fact, it is constantly doing this. The mind cannot be trusted because it is based on the past.
How many times can you say within the last month that you had a great day, a great moment; a moment where you experienced that you were in the ocean of Consciousness for more than a blink of the eye, a couple of breaths, or at best five minutes? The moments we experience the entire universe within us and weave a tapestry of these moments together creating a quilt of Consciousness – this is spiritual intelligence! It is a felt-sense experience, not a mental experience.
Humanity is coming to the end of a karmic cycle of 140,000 years of reptilian influence that has kept us in this karma. New realms of Consciousness and awareness are opening up within you. This pulsation is going to get stronger and stronger.
The earth's tectonic plates and your spiritual heart are absolutely connected to each other. The gravitational field of the earth and the spiritual heart are transcending collectively. You're going to start disconnecting from many beliefs and mental/behavioral patterns that you were attached to for most of your life.
Find people with great hearts, so that as the world changes, you change with them. My theory was always to find a person who is the smartest, a person with an infectious laugh, or a person with a great heart and get on their plane, their journey, their path. They'll educate you and enlighten you. You must make your own way, but why not hook up with another great heart?!!
The next Channeler lecture is Sunday February 26th and Bart Smit / Dr. Williams will continue the theme of spiritual Intelligence. For more information about the Channeler Lecture Serie, see Bart's web site. Also You can purchase and download the integral version of this lecture presented MP3 format only. The entire collection is available online.
Bart Smit is a deep trance channeler offering private session in person or by phone 416.690.2345, firstname.lastname@example.com.
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Abundance, distribution, and territory areas of rock-dwelling Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish species
ABSTRACT Lake Tanganyika, the second-oldest and second-deepest lake in the world, harbors an impres-sive cichlid fish fauna counting about 250 endemic species that are characterized by a great level of ecological, morphological, and behavioral specializa-tion. This study describes and compares cichlid fish communities at two rocky shores with differential human impact in the south of Lake Tanganyika. Species inventories and depth-dependent abundances were elaborated. About 41 and 46 sympatric cichlid species were recorded in the two study sites, respec-tively. Variabilichromis moorii was the most abundant species (29–60% of total number of fishes), followed by Aulonocranus dewindti (3–19%), Tro-pheus moorii (12%), Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (4–10%), Eretmodus cyanostictus (6–11%), and Cyathopharynx furcifer (0.01–9%). All other species had abundances below 5%. It further emerged that large cichlids such as Petrochromis species, Cyatho-pharynx furcifer, and Lobochilotes labiatus were very rare at one location, with frequencies of 0.55% or less. Territorial sizes of three particularly abundant species, Variabilichromis moorii, Aulonocranus dew-indti, and Tropheus moorii, were assessed by behavioral observations. We distinguished between territorial core areas and total defended area, yielding average core areas between 0.4 (V. moorii) and 1.6 m 2 (T. moorii), and total defended areas averag-ing for each species between 1.6 (V. moorii) and 5.0 m 2 (A. dewindti) with no significant differences between the two study sites. The data on individual densities are also relevant for evolutionary studies, in that they allow more accurate calculations of effec-tive population sizes.
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Background Lake Tanganyika, an ancient lake in the Great Rift Valley, is famous for the adaptive radiation of cichlids. Five tribes of the Cichlidae family have acquired herbivory, with five ecomorphs: grazers, browsers, scrapers, biters, and scoopers. Sixteen species of the herbivorous cichlids coexist on a rocky littoral slope in the lake. Seven of them individually defend feeding territories against intruding herbivores to establish algal farms. We collected epiphyton from these territories at various depths and also gathered fish specimens. Algal and cyanobacteria community structures were analysed using the amplicon-metagenomic method.ResultsBased on 454-pyrosequencing of SSU rRNA gene sequences, we identified 300 phototrophic taxa, including 197 cyanobacteria, 57 bacillariophytes, and 31 chlorophytes. Algal farms differed significantly in their composition among cichlid species, even in the same ecomorph, due in part to their habitat-depth segregation. The algal species composition of the stomach contents and algal farms of each species differed, suggesting that cichlids selectively harvest their farms. The stomach contents were highly diverse, even between species in the same tribe, in the same feeding ecomorph.Conclusions In this study, the amplicon-metagenomic approach revealed food niche separation based on habitat-depth segregation among coexisting herbivorous cichlids in the same ecomorphs in Lake Tanganyika.BMC Biology 10/2014; 12(1):90. · 7.43 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Based on morphological and molecular analyses of a Petrochromis fish (Cichlidae) from the southern end of Lake Tanganyika, this fish is considered a taxonomic species distict from six known congeners. A new scientific name is proposed for this fish. A key to the seven Petrochromis species is included.Ichthyological Research 07/2014; 61:252-264. · 0.96 Impact Factor - SourceAvailable from: Kristina M Sefc[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Non-sexual social selection can underlie the evolution of sexually monomorphic phenotypes. A causal relationship between territorial competition and sexual monomorphism predicts that male and female competitors should employ similar contest behavior and that contest outcome should depend on the same traits in males and females. We test this prediction in a sexually monomorphic cichlid fish of the genus Tropheus, in which males and females defend individual feeding territories. Lineages basal to Tropheus are sexually dimorphic and have non-territorial females, suggesting that a switch to female territoriality and loss of sexual dimorphism occurred in the Tropheus lineage. We compare rates of agonistic behavior and the effects of body size asymmetries on competitive success between male-male and female-female contests in an experimental setup. Body size asymmetry had the same effect in male and female contests, being negatively correlated with contest duration and positively correlated with the probability of winning. Male and female winners employed the same rates of frontal and lateral displays as well as charges against their opponents. Contest duration was longer in females. In tied contests, females displayed more than males. Our data suggest that intraspecific contest competition for territories selects for large body size in both sexes and support a link between the evolution of female territoriality and the loss of sexual size dimorphism in Tropheus.Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 01/2015; · 2.75 Impact Factor
Page 1
Abundance, distribution, and territory areas
of rock-dwelling Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish species
Christian Sturmbauer Æ Æ Corinna Fuchs Æ Æ
Georg Harb Æ Æ Elisabeth Damm Æ Æ Nina Duftner Æ Æ
Michaela Maderbacher Æ Æ Martin Koch Æ Æ
Stephan Koblmu ¨ller
Published online: 11 September 2008
? Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2008
second-deepest lake in the world, harbors an impres-
sive cichlid fish fauna counting about 250 endemic
species that are characterized by a great level of
ecological, morphological, and behavioral specializa-
tion. This study describes and compares cichlid fish
communities at two rocky shores with differential
human impact in the south of Lake Tanganyika.
Species inventories and depth-dependent abundances
were elaborated. About 41 and 46 sympatric cichlid
species were recorded in the two study sites, respec-
Variabilichromis moorii
abundant species (29–60% of total number of fishes),
followed by Aulonocranus dewindti (3–19%), Tro-
pheus moorii
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis
Eretmodus cyanostictus
Lake Tanganyika, the second-oldest and
(6–11%), and
Cyathopharynx furcifer (0.01–9%). All other species
had abundances below 5%. It further emerged that
large cichlids such as Petrochromis species, Cyatho-
pharynx furcifer, and Lobochilotes labiatus were
very rare at one location, with frequencies of 0.55%
or less. Territorial sizes of three particularly abundant
species, Variabilichromis moorii, Aulonocranus dew-
indti, and
Tropheus moorii,
behavioral observations. We distinguished between
territorial core areas and total defended area, yielding
average core areas between 0.4 (V. moorii) and
1.6 m2(T. moorii), and total defended areas averag-
ing for each species between 1.6 (V. moorii) and
5.0 m2(A. dewindti) with no significant differences
between the two study sites. The data on individual
densities are also relevant for evolutionary studies, in
that they allow more accurate calculations of effec-
tive population sizes.
were assessed by
Tropheus moorii ? Variabilichromis moorii ?
Ecology ? Fish community ? Territorial behavior ?
Eastern Africa
Aulonocranus dewindti ?
With an age of 9–12 million years (Cohen et al.,
1993, 1997) and a maximum depth of 1,470 m, Lake
Tanganyika is the second-oldest and second-deepest
Guest editors: T. Wilke, R. Va ¨ino ¨la ¨ & F. Riedel
Patterns and Processes of Speciation in Ancient Lakes:
Proceedings of the Fourth Symposium on Speciation in
Ancient Lakes, Berlin, Germany, September 4–8, 2006
C. Sturmbauer (&) ? C. Fuchs ? G. Harb ?
E. Damm ? N. Duftner ? M. Maderbacher ?
M. Koch ? S. Koblmu ¨ller
Department of Zoology, University of Graz,
Universita ¨tsplatz 2, 8010 Graz, Austria
e-mail: email@example.com
N. Duftner
Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas
at Austin, 1 University Station #C0930, Austin,
Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–68
DOI 10.1007/s10750-008-9557-z
Page 2
lake in the world. The old age of the ecosystem
translates into a highly complex organismic commu-
nity with a high degree of endemism, great levels of
ecological, morphological, and behavioral specializa-
tion. Lake Tanganyika harbors an impressive cichlid
fish fauna, counting 200 valid species plus several
more awaiting scientific description (Snoeks, 2000;
Koblmu ¨ller et al., 2008). They are currently classified
into 12 (Poll, 1986), or alternatively 16 (Takahashi,
2003), tribes. Beside cichlid fishes, the lake also
contains considerable species flocks of catfish, spiny
eels, Nile perches, crustaceans, and gastropods
(Coulter, 1991). The shorelines add up to a length
of about 2,000 km and are structured into stretches of
rocks, cobbles, pebbles, sand, or mud, interleaved by
river estuaries. Depending on the kind and degree of
specialization to particular habitats, many species are
subdivided into populations. Most of the lacustrine
cichlids live along the shoreline, where they are
specialized to a variety of habitat types and dietary
resources. Each shore type accommodates a different
species community of cichlids, comprised by mostly
specialized and thus stenotopic species, with only few
ubiquitous species (Fryer & Iles, 1972). The littoral
fish communities at rocky shores are the most
species-rich communities of the lake, dominated by
epilithic algae eaters and invertebrate feeders. Several
species coexist by niche partitioning and complex
interactions in a territorial framework, with territories
partially overlapping between species utilizing dif-
ferent food resources,
aggression levels toward other species and conspe-
cific individuals. In order to derive evolutionary
conclusions for these complex communities, it is
important to collect descriptive data on abundances,
community structure, and behavior of these fishes.
Quite a substantial number of studies targeted
territorial behavior and territory size of Lake Tang-
anyika cichlids (Kawanabe, 1981; Takamura, 1983,
1984; Kuwamura, 1987, 1992; Kohda & Yanagisawa,
1992; Ochi, 1993; Kohda, 1995; Sturmbauer &
Dallinger, 1995; Kohda & Tanida, 1996; Matsumoto
& Kohda, 2004), providing important information
that might serve as a basis for further ecological and
evolutionary investigations.
The present study aims to add ecological data on
littoral species and describes the cichlid fish commu-
nities at two rocky shores with a differential human
impact in the south of Lake Tanganyika. Species
implying differential
inventories were elaborated for both sites, depth-
dependent abundances were calculated for the four
most abundant species. Territorial sizes of three
particularlyabundant species,
Aulonocranus dewindti,
moorii, were estimated by behavioral observations.
Variabilichromis moorii is a member of the
substrate breeding tribe Lamprologini, the most
species-rich sub-assemblages of Tanganyika cichlids
(Salzburger et al., 2002). It is restricted to the
southern section of the lake and represents a mono-
typic, quite distinctlineage
Lamprologini (Sturmbauer et al., 1994; Day et al.,
2007). It was also suggested to have an ancestral
morphological configuration of supra-orbital bones,
and was therefore placed at the base of the phyloge-
netic tree by Colombe & Allgayer (1985) and
Stiassny (1997). Colombe & Allgayer (1985) erected
the new genus Variabilichromis, which was rejected
by Poll (1986), but corroborated by Stiassny (1997).
Despite high genetic differentiation among popula-
tions (Duftner et al., 2006), hardly any geographic
color variation is found. The species feeds on small
invertebrates and is a bi-parental substrate-breeder,
which tends to hide eggs and fry underneath rock
crevices (Karino, 1997). Because of high predation
pressure, Variabilichromis has high parental invest-
ment and both parents intensively attack potential
fry-predators (Karino, 1997; Sturmbauer et al., 2008).
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis
dewindti belong to an exclusively maternally mouth-
broodinglineagewithinthetribeEctodini(Koblmu ¨ller
et al., 2004). Both species occur over cobbles, where
O. ventralis inhabits deeper water and Aulono-
cranus dewindti mainly occurs in the shallow zone of
cobble and rock habitats, which may contain sandy
patches.Ophthalmotilapia ventralisfeedsonplankton
and loose Aufwuchs. Aulonocranus dewindti mostly
feeds on insect larvae and crustaceans and shares its
adaptations forthistype of feeding preference with the
Lake Malawi genus Aulonocara.Both Aulocranus and
Aulonocara have enlarged sensory pores on the head,
enabling them to detect prey in the sand. Territorial
males of O. ventralis and A. dewindti construct small
nests in the form of sand craters with a diameter of
about 30 cm and a distance of 2–3 m to neighboring
males. Males form breeding colonies and decorate
their spawning sites with pebbles. During the day,
females hover in groups about half a meter above the
within thetribe
58Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–68
Page 3
substrate, while males try to attract them to their nests
buccal cavity to release them after 20 days in nursery
schools in shallow water (Konings, 1998).
The evolutionary history of Tropheus moorii, the
third target species for estimating territory sizes, has
been studied extensively (Sturmbauer & Meyer, 1992;
Baric et al., 2003; Sturmbauer et al., 2005; Egger et al.,
2007). Although more than 120 distinctly colored
''races'' are recognized in the genus (Konings, 1998;
Schupke, 2003), species delineation is highly problem-
atic (see Egger et al., 2007). Tropheus moorii is
confined to rocky habitat for foraging and mating and
has a limited capacity for dispersal across open water,
barriers for dispersal (Sefc et al., 2007). In Tro-
pheus moorii, both sexes are equally colorful, defend
territories, and live in a social system (Yanagisawa &
Nishida, 1991; Sturmbauer & Dallinger, 1995). The
species is an epilithic algae feeder specializing on
filamentous algae (Sturmbauer et al., 1992).
Materials and methods
Study area
The behavioral section of this study was carried out
during 3 weeks in September and October 2004.
Missing data on fish abundance were completed in
2006. Two rock-cobble shores were surveyed, one
about 2 km south of the Kalambo mouth (8?3703600S,
31?1200200E) and the
(8?4702400S, 31?0404000E), both at the southern lake
shores in the Republic of Zambia. At Kalambo, the
substrate was formed by larger cobbles, usually in
several layers, with small sandy patches in between
(Fig. 1A). At Kasakalawe, the bottom was dominated
by homogeneous smaller cobbles, often in just one
layer, interrupted by pebbles (Fig. 1B). Due to the flat
inclination of the shore at Kasakalawe, the study
transect started 20 m offshore. The study transects
had an extension of 400 m2and were subdivided into
squares of two by two meters with coordinates
marked on flat stones lettered from A-0 to K-10.
Water depth was measured at each coordinate mark.
A substrate map was drawn on underwater tablets by
snorkeling and a map of the whole transect was
constructed from these sketches.
secondat Kasakalawe
During the 3-week study period, water temperature
ranged between 27?C and 28?C. The inclination was
15% at Kalambo and 5.5% at Kasakalawe. The
average depth of the inshore borders of the Kalambo
transect was 0.57 m. The outermost borders had an
average depth of 3.57 m. At Kasakalawe, the most
inshore borders of the study transect were located at
an average depth of 1.75 m and the most offshore
borders at 2.85 m (Fig. 1).
Fish census
The total number of cichlid species and their depth-
distribution was determined for both the study sites.
For each species, censuses were carried out by
snorkeling in parallel, one person over each transect
row (e.g., from A0/A1 to K0/K1), so that the fish
were not counted twice in different sectors. One
person was noting down the data onshore. Each
transect row was censused in triplicate and the
average number was taken. For density analysis, the
most abundant species of both habitats were individ-
ually plotted; rare species or species restricted to only
one study site were pooled in the category ''rare
Behavioral observations
Territorial sizes of three species Variabilichromis
moorii, Aulonocranus dewindti, and Tropheus moorii
were determined from observations of the locomotory
activity of randomly chosen adult individuals within
the transect. Three twenty-minute observations each
were carried out per species and transect in each of the
followingdailyperiods: dawn(06.30–07.00),morning
(09.00–12.00), afternoon (14.00–17.00), and dusk
(17.30–18.00). A maximum of five investigators
worked in the transect at a time to avoid cross-
disturbances. After random choice, adult territorial
individualswereobservedfor2 mintoallowthefishto
adapt to the observer who stayed almost motionless in
carried out. Position records were taken every minute
by recording the current coordinate on an underwater
territory (core territory, territorial center) in which the
fish spent most of the time. As a second type of
locomotory activity, short-term movements were
recorded to account for territorial defense action of
Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–6859
Page 4
the fish. The outermost coordinates of such burst
activities marked the territorial borders. Observation
records were transferred to a millimeter grid paper to
be scanned and digitalized using the computer
program Photoshop. In this way, the total territorial
polygon. Then, the total territorial area and core area
were averaged over all recordings per study site, by
excluding multiple records of the same individuals
(inferred from the position of the territory in the
transect). Minimum, maximum, average, standard
deviation, and median of the territorial area were
Fig. 1 Transect layout and
the depth profile of the
cobble shores at Kalambo
(A) and Kasakalawe (B).
White spaces in between
cobble outlines indicate
sand patches
60 Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–68
Page 5
determined for each species. In order to test for
differences in territory size between study sites,
ANOVA (in case values were normally distributed)
and Kruskal–Wallis tests (in case values were not
normally distributed) were performed in SigmaStat
Distribution in relation to water depth
The distribution in relation to water depth was
calculated for the four most abundant species,
Variabilichromis moorii,
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis,
based upon three counts per depth zone. Therefore,
the average of the depth measurements at the closest
corner points was calculated for each fish.
Aulonocranus dewindti,
Tropheus moorii,
Fish abundance
At Kalambo, a total of 46 cichlid species was
recorded in the 400 m2study area (Table 1). The
highest density among all cichlid species in the study
area was found for Variabilichromis moorii with
almost 28.9% of the total cichlid population. A total
of 255 individuals were counted in the transect area,
which can be translated to 0.64 individuals/m2or
1,275 individuals/100 m coast line. Adult Aulonocr-
anus dewindti (males and females) were counted with
an abundance of 166 (18.9% or 830 individuals/
100 m coast line). There was also a great abundance
of adult Tropheus moorii (12.3% or 108 individuals
in the study transect, or 540 individuals/100 m coast
line) and adult male and female Cyathopharynx
furcifer counted 75 individuals (1.1 ? 7.4 = 8.5% or
375 individuals/100 m coast line). Adult Ophthalmo-
tilapia ventralis
individuals (5.9% or 208 individuals/100 m coast
line), and females and juveniles counted 36 individ-
uals (4.0%), adding up to 9.9%. Fifty individuals
were found of Eretmodus cyanostictus, translating
into an abundance of 5.7% or 250 individuals/100 m
coast line. Adult individuals of Lobochilotes labiatus
(22 individuals, 2.5%, 110 individuals/100 m coast
line) and Petrochromis spp. (25 individuals, 2.8%,
125 individuals/100 m coast line) were quite frequent
at Kalambo. The remaining species had abundances
males) counted52
of less than 3% (Table 1), with several more rare
species with a density of less than 0.01 fish per m2.
At Kasakalawe, a total of 41 species were recorded
(Table 1).Again,Variabilichromis mooriishowedthe
highest density, with 552 individuals (60.4% or 2,760
individuals/100 m coast line). Adult Tropheus moorii
followed with 107 individuals (11.6% or 535 individ-
uals/100 m coast line), 100 individuals were counted
of Eretmodus cyanostictus (11% or 500 individuals/
100 m coast line), and 38 individuals for (adult male)
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (4.1% or 190 individuals/
100 m coast line). Adult male Aulonocranus dewindti
the whole transect or 130 individuals/100 m coast
line). All remaining species made less than 3%, with
several additional species with an abundance of less
than 0.01%, equivalent to four fish in the entire study
area of 400 m2. A much lower density than that at
Kalambo was observed for adult individuals of
Lobochilotes labiatus with only five individuals
(0.55%); adult specimens of Petrochromis spp.
were also very rare (five individuals, 0.5%) and
adult Cyathopharynx furcifer were almost absent
(Table 1).
Territory areas
Estimates of territorial sizes of Variabilichromis mo-
orii, Aulonocranus dewindti, and Tropheus moorii by
delineating minimum convex polygons are shown in
Fig. 2.Thethreemouthbroodingspeciesgenerallyhad
larger total territorial areas. In both study habitats, the
largest average core territories were determined for
Tropheus moorii, amounting to 1.60 and 1.30 m2in
1.24 m2, Aulonocranus dewindti had the second-larg-
est core territories and Variabilichromis moorii the
smallest (0.52 and 0.37 m2, respectively). The largest
total territory areas were obtained for Aulono-
cranus dewindti (4.16 and 5.03 m2, in Kalambo versus
Kasakalawe, respectively) and Tropheus moorii (4.31
and 4.69 m2, respectively). Variabilichromis moorii
consistently had the smallest total territories (1.72 and
1.60 m2, respectively). The highest standard deviation
was calculated for the average total territory size of
Tropheus moorii at Kalambo with 2.73 m2(see
Tables 2, 3). No significant differences in the sizes
of core and total territory areas could be detected
among sites and among daily periods.
Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–68 61
Page 6
Table 1 Absolute and relative abundance of cichlid fish species at the study transects (400 m2) at Kalambo and Kasakalawe
Kalambo Kasakalawe
AbsoluteRelative (%) AbsoluteRelative (%)
Altolamprologus compressiceps
Aulonocranus dewindti (adult territorial males)
Aulonocranus dewindti (females)
Boulengerochromis microlepis
Chalinochromis brichardi
Callochromis macrops
Cyathopharynx furcifer (adult territorial males)
Cyathopharynx furcifer (females and juveniles)
Eretmodus cyanostictus
Gnathochromis pfefferi
Haplotaxodon sp.
Julidochromis marlieri
Julidochromis ornatus
Lamprologus callipterus
Lamprologus lemairii
Lepidiolamprologus elongatus
Lepidiolamprologus attenuatus
Limnotilapia dardennii
Lobochilotes labiatus
Neolamprologus modestus
Neolamprologus caudopunctatus
Neolamprologus cylindricus
Neolamprologus fasciatus
Neolamprologus furcifer
Neolamprologus sexfasciatus
Neolamprologus tetracanthus
Ophthalmotilapia nasuta
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (adult territorial males)
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (females and juveniles)
Oreochromis tanganicae
Perissodus microlepis
Petrochromis (adults, 5 spp.)
Plecodus straeleni
Pseudosimochromis curvifrons
Simochromis (adults, 3 spp.)
Ctenochromis horei
Telmatochromis temporalis
Telmatochromis vittatus
Tropheus moorii
Tylochromis polylepis
Variabilichromis moorii
Xenotilapia boulengeri
Xenotilaphia spiloptera
2.8* 0.5
3.4 2.3
12.3* 11.6
28.9* 60.4
Symbols: ''?'' abundance of less than four individuals in the transect (0.01 individuals per m2; not counted in % estimates); ''-''
absence at study site; ''*'' average abundance of two independent counts (2004 and 2006); ''?'' symbolize missing data
62 Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–68
Page 7
Distribution of the four most abundant species
in relation to water depth
depths between 1.40 and 3.50 m, with a maximum
density of 0.8 individuals per m2at a depth around
2.6 m. Its average density in the 400 m2transect
amounted to 0.64 individuals per m2, the highest of
all cichlid fish. Tropheus moorii had its peak in
density at 1.5 m, counting 0.6 individuals per m2. At
greater depths, density of T. moorii slightly declined.
The average density was 0.27 individuals per m2
Variabilichromis moorii
(Fig. 3A).
males) started to occur at a water depth of about
1.3 m and reached densities of 0.2 individuals per m2.
Females moved about and had an average abundance
of 0.09 individuals per m2. Aulonocranus dewindti
males did not exhibit depth-dependent density,
having an average density of 0.05 individuals per m2.
Females of this species were moving about in swarms
and appeared patchily (average density of 0.36
individuals per m2).
At the second study transect at Kasakalawe, which
startedatagreaterwaterdepth,Variabilichromis moorii
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis
Fig. 2 Examples for
territorial areas in (A)
Aulonocranus dewindti,
(B) Variabilichromis
moorii, and (C) Tropheus
moorii. The grid size was
2 9 2 m. Cross symbols
indicate regular censuses
per minute (core territory),
and circle symbols indicate
short-term locomotory
activity (total territory)
Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–6863
Page 8
was the most abundant cichlid fish species (1.38
individuals per m2), with a maximum of more than 1.5
individuals per m2. The species did not show depth-
dependent density in the depth range of the study
transect. A rather homogeneous density pattern of
Tropheus moorii was found, with densities between 0.2
per m2, Fig. 3B). Ophthalmotilapia ventralis (territorial
males)startedtooccuratawaterdepthofabout2 mand
reached densities of 0.2 individuals per m2. Females
moved around and were not present in countable
numbers in the study period. The density of Aulonocr-
anus dewindti at Kasakalawe was lower than that at
Kalambo and never exceeded 0.2 individuals per m2,
averaging at 0.27 individuals per m2as in Kalambo.
Commonalities and differences in the cichlid
Great diversity in a species community is often
accompanied by a high structural diversity of habitat.
Thus, one would expect a higher number of species in
the rocky habitat compared to the sandy one. This is
also true for Lake Tanganyika, with about 65% of its
cichlids species restricted to the rocky littoral habitat
(Kuwamura, 1987). Therefore, it is not astounding
that both study sites comprise more than 20% of the
currently described 200 cichlid species (see Koblmu ¨ller
et al., submitted). At both study sites, the cichlid
community was dominated by Aufwuchs-eaters and
zooplanktivorous species: Variabilichromis moorii,
Tropheus moorii, Eretmodus cyanostictus, Aulono-
cranus dewindti, and
Ophthalmotilapia ventralis.
While the total number of observed species was
similar at both study sites (Kalambo, 46 species;
Kasakalawe, 41 species), slight differences in the
community structure became evident. The absence of
Chalinochromis brichardi,
Neolamprologus cylindricus,
pia nasuta at Kasakalawe is not surprising given
their species-specific distributions in the Zambian
part of Lake Tanganyika (Kohda et al., 1996). In the
southwestern part of Lake Tanganyika, Chalinochromis
brichardi and Ophthalmotilapia nasuta are only
reported northwest of Mbete Bay, which is formed
at the mouth of the Izi River and was shown to
constitute an important barrier for gene flow between
Julidochromis marlieri,
Table 2 Territory sizes of Aulonocranus dewindti, Variabilichromis moorii, and Tropheus moorii at Kalambo, including average
territorial areas, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and median
Aulonocranus dewindtiVariabilichromis mooriiTropheus moorii
Core territoryTotal territory Core territory Total territoryCore territory Total territory
Average (m2) 1.374.160.52 1.721.60 4.31
Standard deviation 0.661.740.241.08 1.312.73
Median1.69 4.520.5 1.641.16 3.62
Minimum0.261.67 0.180.61 0.141.51
Maximum2.126.510.854.59 4.09 9.46
Table 3 Territory sizes of Aulonocranus dewindti, Variabilichromis moorii, and Tropheus moorii at Kasakalawe, including average
territorial areas, standard deviation, minimum, maximum, and median
Aulonocranus dewindti Variabilichromis mooriiTropheus moorii
Core territoryTotal territory Core territoryTotal territory Core territoryTotal territory
Average (m2) 1.24 5.030.37 1.60 1.304.69
Standard deviation0.98 2.290.200.80 0.732.40
Median0.84 5.88 0.321.71 1.113.10
Minimum0.22 2.450.160.47 0.272.68
Maximum2.92 9.590.76 2.922.519.46
64 Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–68
Page 9
populations of rock-dwelling cichlid species distrib-
uted on both sides of this bay (Duftner et al., 2006;
Koblmu ¨ller et al., 2007; Sefc et al., 2007). In
Zambian waters,
Julidochromis marlieri
Neolamprologus cylindricus are only reported from
the southeastern coast, with Kalambo as the south-
ernmost record of J. marlieri (pers. observation). The
absence of Callochromis macrops from the study site
at Kasakalawe might be explained by its specific
habitat requirements. Callochromis macrops is a
species of the very shallow sandy habitat, and
although both study sites consisted of mainly rocky
bottom, the transect at Kalambo was bordered by a
stretch of sandy bottom in the very shallow water.
Fig. 3 Depth distribution
of the four most abundant
cichlid species at (A)
Kalambo and (B)
Kasakalawe. The x-axis
represents the horizontal
distance from the shore with
the grid lines of the study
transect at 2-m intervals
indicated. For each grid line
interval, the water depth
(cm; obtained as the
average of the depth at the
two grid lines) is shown
below the axes. The y-axis
shows fish densities. The
density curves were fitted to
the observed average
densities by eye. The water
depth of each territory was
calculated by averaging the
depth of the closest
coordinate points
Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–6865
Page 10
However, one should keep in mind that species that
are very rare and/or only occasionally enter the study
site might not have been recorded in our survey.
Besidesslight differences in species composition, it
became evident that adult individuals of Cyathophar-
ynx furcifer, Lobochilotes labiatus, and of species of
the genus Petrochromis were much rarer at Kasakal-
awe (Table 1). These differences in the abundance of
species with the largest body size might be explained
by the different habitat structures of the two localities.
While there were plenty of larger rock crevices at
Kalambo, such potential hiding places for these
comparatively large cichlids were almost absent in
the relatively homogeneous cobble shore at Kasakal-
awe. Alternatively, fishing pressure might be higher at
Kasakalawe than at Kalambo, where the study area
Concerning the second-abundant territorial species
Tropheus moorii, the observed densities of 108 and
107 individuals in 400 m2, respectively, seem higher
than those found for other localities at Lake Tangany-
ika. In fact, only few studies investigated fish densities
system (Yanagisawa & Nishida, 1991; Kohda &
Yanagisawa 1992). About 60 adult Tropheus individ-
at Bemba, Lake Tanganyika within a 20 m 9 30 m
(600 m2) observation quadrant. Similar fish densities
were reported by Kohda & Yanagisawa (1992) for two
Tropheus populations (Bemba and Luhanga) situated
at the northern end of Lake Tanganyika. Within the
investigated transect of 18 m 9 20 m (360 m2), 36
T. moorii ''Bemba'' and 38 T. duboisi ''Luhanga''
were reported (Kohda & Yanagisawa 1992).
Territorial areas
Four types of territories—feeding, mating, nest-
guarding, and brood guarding—have been defined
for cichlid fish, depending on the resources to be
defended and the objects to be repelled from the
territories (Yuma & Kondo, 1997). In the present
study, territory size has been determined for solitary
Variabilichromis moorii and Tropheus moorii (we
did not distinguish between males and females) and
territorial male Aulonocranus dewindti. In all species,
a clear distinction into core and total area became
evident. While the fish spent most of their time close
to their shelter (V. moorii, T. moorii) or mating site
(A. dewindti), the outer border of the territory was
marked by attacks against potential competitors for
food (con- and heterospecific; see also, Takamura,
1983, 1984; Kuwamura, 1992; Kohda & Takemon,
1996; Karino, 1998) or, in the case of sexually active
males, conspecific males (see also, Kohda, 1995) and
sexually inactive females (see also, Yanagisawa &
Nishida, 1991; Kohda, 1995). It is well documented
that territory size in Lake Tanganyika cichlids usually
increases with depth (Kohda, 1991; Kohda &
Yanagisawa, 1992; Karino, 1998). This has been
explained, at least in the case of herbivorous species,
by lower costs of territory defense due to reduced
competitor density in deeper water (Hixon, 1980;
Kuwamura & Karino, 1991), and by the need to
maintain greater food resources to compensate for
lower algal productivity (Karino, 1998). Unfortu-
nately, our study sites had very moderate inclinations
and were not suited for testing this hypothesis, as the
depth range covered was too narrow.
the Mpulungu Station of the Ministry of Agriculture and
Cooperative, Republic of Zambia, for their cooperation during
fieldwork. This study was financed by the Austrian Science
Foundation (P17680 to C.S.). N.D. was supported by an Erwin
Schro ¨dinger Fellowship from the Austrian Science Foundation.
We thank P. Ngalande and the team at
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68 Hydrobiologia (2008) 615:57–68


text:
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Governor Quinn Salutes Illinois Fallen Heroes on September 11 |
News Releases - General Info | |||
Written by Leslie Wertheimer | |||
Thursday, 13 September 2012 08:00 | |||
Lauds "Portrait of a Soldier" Exhibit in Chicago; Let us "Remember, Reflect, Serve" CHICAGO – September 11, 2012. Governor Pat Quinn called for a day of "remembrance, reflection and service" to honor the victims of the September 11, 2001 attacks and servicemembers killed in the global war on terror. The governor today unveiled the "Portrait of a Soldier" traveling exhibit now on display at the Chicago Public Library Archer Heights Branch. This riveting collection by Mattoon artist Cameron Schilling features 250 hand-drawn portraits of each Illinois servicemember killed in Iraq and Afghanistan. Thus far in 2012, 10 Illinois service members have been killed in Afghanistan. "On this anniversary of one of America's darkest days, let us remember, reflect and serve," Governor Quinn said. "We should never forget the horror faced by those in the World Trade Center and Pentagon, the courage of the passengers on United Flight 93, and the ultimate sacrifice made by our 6,600 fallen heroes in Iraq and Afghanistan." Governor Quinn directed state buildings to fly their flags at half-staff today and also called on Illinois residents to take time to thank a veteran, help a military family or salute a Gold Star family. Illinois residents can learn ways to help veterans and military families at OperationHomefront.org, which is among the nation's most popular and informative sites in support of our troops. The entire "Portrait of a Soldier" exhibit can also be viewed there. Seen by thousands of people at more than 100 venues across the state since 2005, "Portrait of a Soldier" is a tribute to the 250 men and women from Illinois killed in the line of duty since 2001. Artist Cameron Schilling drew the first portrait in 2004, when he sketched Army Spc. Charles Neeley, a 19-year old Mattoon resident who died in Tikrit, Iraq, and presented the sketch to Neeley's parents. Months later, while a student at Eastern Illinois University, Schilling committed to draw a portrait of every Illinois service member. "These sketches are a moving tribute to those Illinoisans who gave their 'last full measure of devotion' to protecting our freedoms," Governor Quinn said. The "Portrait of a Soldier" exhibit can be seen at the Chicago Public Library Archer Heights Branch and at Kaskaskia College in Centralia September 11 to 24. Lt. Governor Sheila Simon will officially open the "Portrait of a Soldier" exhibit and honor military families at 6 p.m. tonight at Kaskaskia College. ### Trackback(0)
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Update : May 14, 2013
[Tokyo Stock Exchange, Inc.]
Today, TSE released the "Report by the Study Group on the Listed Infrastructure Market - Toward Establishing the Listed Infrastructure Market in Japan -"
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Shakespeare Schools Festival introduces 200 primary children to the Bard
Primary children were thought too young to benefit – until now.
Richard Garner
Richard Garner has been Education Editor of The Independent for 12 years and writing about the subject for 34 years. Before becoming a journalist, he worked as a disc jockey in London pubs and clubs and for a hospital radio station. His main hobbies are cricket (watching these days) and theatre. On his days off, he is most likelt to be found at Lord's or the King's Head Theatre Club.
Thursday 19 July 2012
The three witches are advancing menacingly towards the audience. They are only aged 10 or 11. Welcome to Bournemouth Park primary school in Southend, Essex – one of the pioneers for a drive to promote Shakespeare among younger children such as these.
It was one of 50 selected to take part in the Shakespeare Schools Festival, whereby pupils get a chance to enact a Shakespeare play at a professional theatre. The scheme has now been extended to a second year, with the number of primary schools taking part increasing to 200.
Bournemouth Park School is in one of the more deprived areas of the Essex seaside town. The number of children in receipt of free school meals is about double the national average. According to Annie Hughes, from the Shakespeare Schools Festival, it was "one of the first few to take a bold step".
The festival has been running for several years but previously had not allowed its scripts to be used by under-11-year-olds because it believed they may have some difficulties in mastering the text.
"Our initial approach was they wouldn't be able to cope with the discipline of working in a theatre and they may not cope with working with the language," says Annie Hughes. "Children from primary schools, though, don't seem to have the same fear and suffer from the inhibitions that children in secondary schools develop. They just take such a gung-ho approach to it. They might not get all the special nuances but if they get the love of Shakespeare or get over the fear of Shakespeare that doesn't matter. They may also revisit it in secondary school."
The enthusiasm, though, of the Year Six group (10 and 11-year-olds) is there for all to see. They have been doing Macbeth and started rehearsals for it at the end of their previous year. The following year group will be performing Hamlet at the Palace Theatre in Southend.
The decision by the school to take part in the festival has unearthed budding acting talent in 11-year-old Jo McBrearty, who has taken on the part of Macbeth.
He says of the role he plays: "I think he (Macbeth) is quite arrogant. He's a good fighter in the war and he kind of gets his way nearly always. You get that he kind of doesn't want to kill the king but wants to wait until he becomes king naturally."
He says of appearing on the boards of the Palace Theatre: "It was all right, I thought it would be more scary than it was because you might see all the people out there in the audience, but you don't and you just enjoy it. I really want to become an actor now and do that again."
Paige Bailey, aged 10, who played Lady Macbeth, adds: "I really enjoyed it. It is a really good play."
According to the school's literacy co-ordinator, Peta Miles, who directed the production, it has given her pupils confidence and self-esteem which has shown itself in the way they now approach their normal lessons in the classroom.
"I've always believed Shakespeare was important because he is such a key figure in English literature," she says. "Giving them an insight into such a classic author is good because they really get to grips with the stories. They do newspaper articles about it so it plays a part in the other work of the school.
"A lot of the children who took part weren't necessarily higher achievers but it has shown them something and given them confidence to go on in the classroom."
She describes the performance of Macbeth at the Palace theatre as "the most moving moment of my life as a teacher".
Bournemouth Park was one of four schools singled out to stage a Shakespeare production that night, two secondaries and two primaries. One of the secondaries was one of the local grammar schools, Westcliff-on-High Girls' School – which happens to be Peta Miles's old school.
"Secondary schools have much more resources to put into the production," she says. "Our pupils learnt a lot from just watching them."
The day (or evening) was finally over by around 9.30pm after the four schools had been given a professional adjudication on their efforts. The adjudicator had been impressed with the efforts of the pupils from Bournemouth Park.
"They were on a high," says Miles. "They wanted to do it again."
Next year her baton is being passed to two other teachers at the school, who have undergone a day's professional training as to how to direct Shakespeare and speak his lines.
The children were asked to write down what they thought they had learnt from taking part in the performance. Asked what they could take out of it, one said: "Learning lines, taking part, not mucking up, being one of the first primary schools (to do it)."
As for tips for the next year group now selected to do Hamlet, another wrote: "You will be proud of yourself at the end of it."
Another said: "If you get your lines wrong then just carry on because the crowd don't know you got it wrong."
And a fourth added: "It's not wrong to be nervous but you shouldn't be scared because if you're prepared, you'll be okay."
"Think there is no one there," said another pupil. "Well, really, you can't see anyone properly because it's too dark."
The Shakespeare Schools Festival, which is into its 12th year and also had 500 secondary schools performing at theatres this year, would like to expand. However, as a charity, it is reliant on schools' registration fees, box office income from its shows and some sponsorship. It now gets no money from the Arts Council or any other Government source – although it did in its initial stages.
The SSF is supported by a wide range of people from the world of theatre and drama. Its patrons include Jenny Agutter, Dame Judi Dench, former children's laureate Michael Rosen, Kevin Spacey, Sir Tom Stoppard and Dame Harriet Walter.
It says of the primary school project: "SSF has been astounded with the ability of primary school students to take ownership of Shakespeare and work with the original scripts in a way that makes sense to them."
Annie Hughes also believes taking part in the festival can help improve social mobility – the SSF takes care to ensure the mix of schools it invites to take part include a good number of pupils entitled to free school meals and youngsters with special needs.
"If you know and can talk about Shakespeare, it shows you're at an educated level," she says. "Also, acting is something you can do that you don't need to be particularly academic to take part in."
One of the bonuses to come from the performances has been the enthusiasm of the parents for the project. It is not always so, according to Hughes. "I was involved with some schools in inner-city Birmingham where the parents didn't even encourage their children to take part because they would rather they were spending extra time studying," she says.
Their (and sadly their children's) loss, one can only feel.
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- 1 Forget 'The Dress': Here are five of the biggest news stories you might have missed
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A great way to increase your company's diversion rates is by increasing employee recycling rates. Here are some proven suggestions for implementing behavior change at your facility to increase participation in your company's recycling program.
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The Honorable (2003)
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Movie Info
The Honorable stars Dominique Vandenberg as Andre Siegel, a man who witnessed the horrific slaughter of his fellow officers while serving as a legionnaire in Africa. He attempts to forget the horrors of his past by starting over as a nightclub bouncer. He falls in love with a woman who, in her quest for fame, becomes seduced by the dangerous criminal Junior Lopez (Eric Etebari). Eventually Andre must settle the score.
- Rating:
- R (adult situations/language, violence)
- Genre:
- Mystery & Suspense , Drama
- Directed By:
- Jesse Johnson
- Written By:
- Jesse Johnson
- In Theaters:
- Aug 1, 2003 Wide
- On DVD:
- Mar 29, 2005
- Runtime:
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Below are top resources on SparkPeople for Hot Flash Pregnancy.
Some women mourn it as the end of youth and fertility. Others welcome it as a time of freedom and new opportunities. Either way, menopause is a universal rite of passage for women, marking significant physical and emotional changes which can require... Read more
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During pregnancy, you gained many much-needed pounds to grow and support your baby, but not every pound gained can be attributed to "baby weight" that goes away after your baby is born. A typical pregnancy weight gain (roughly 25-35 pounds)... Read more
Caring for your health before you become pregnant may help you identify areas that put you and/or your baby at risk during pregnancy. First, schedule a pre-conception counseling appointment with your doctor. This discussion can educate you on things... Read more
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Editor's Note: Cathy Cram, M.S., is the resident maternal fitness expert on our sister site, BabyFit.com. She blogs monthly on the topics of menopause, health and fitness. By Cathy Cram, M.S. This is the third blog in the series on menopause... Read more
Editor's Note: Cathy Cram, M.S., is the resident maternal fitness expert on our sister site, BabyFit.com. Today's blog post is the second in a series on menopause health and fitness. By Cathy Cram, M.S. The responses from my first blog overw... Read more


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In this week's exclusive interview with Bobby V the singer told our own DJ Z one of his personal songwriting secrets: when crafting a potential single, he plays the work in progress for his 10-year-old nephew. Bobby V. clearly employed this strategy on Beep, which featured yet another of his kid-approved sound-effect hooks, and the official remix (previously leaked to the Internet in an unfinished form) finds him adding some big-name muscle to the catchy Rebirth lead single. Filling in for the originally-featured Yung Joc, Luda, Lil' Kim, and Mrs. Officer collaborator Lil Wayne each contribute a new verse over Big Fruit's mellow beat. While a little racy for the grade-school set, this revamp breathes new life into the sultry original, and should have listeners flocking to their local record shops on February 10th, when The Rebirth hits stores.
Bobby VLudacrisLil' KimLil Wayne
Written by richard on 01/22/09
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Dinan, Michaela A. PhD*†; Curtis, Lesley H. PhD*‡; Carpenter, William R. PhD†; Biddle, Andrea K. PhD†; Abernethy, Amy P. MD*‡§; Patz, Edward F. Jr MD§‖; Schulman, Kevin A. MD*‡; Weinberger, Morris PhD†
Introduction: Treatment patterns and cost implications of increased positron emission tomography imaging use since Medicare approval in 1998 are not well understood. We examined rates of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and inpatient and total health care costs between 1998 and 2005 among Medicare beneficiaries with non–small-cell lung cancer.
Methods: Patients in this retrospective cohort study were 51,374 Medicare beneficiaries diagnosed with non–small-cell lung cancer between 1996 and 2005. The main outcome measures were receipt of surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy and inpatient and total health care costs within 1 year of diagnosis.
Results: Between 1996–1997 and 2004–2005, the proportion of patients undergoing surgical resection decreased from 29% to 25%, the proportion receiving radiation therapy decreased from 49% to 43%, and inpatient costs decreased from $28,900 to $26,900. The proportion of patients receiving chemotherapy increased from 25% to 40% and total costs increased from $47,300 to $52,200 (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Changes in use and costs remained after adjustment for shifting demographic characteristics during the study period.
Conclusions: Adoption of positron emission tomography between 1998 and 2005 was accompanied by decreases in rates of surgery and radiotherapy and in short-term inpatient costs among Medicare beneficiaries with non–small-cell lung cancer, although there was an increase in chemotherapy and overall costs.
Copyright © 2014 by the European Lung Cancer Conference and the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer.
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Shipbourne | |
St. Giles' Church, Shipbourne |
Shipbourne shown within Kent
OS grid reference | TQ595525 |
District | Tonbridge and Malling |
Shire county | Kent |
Region | South East |
Country | England |
Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
Post town | Tonbridge |
Postcode district | TN11 |
Police | Kent |
Fire | Kent |
Ambulance | South East Coast |
EU Parliament | South East England |
UK Parliament | Tonbridge and Malling |
Coordinates: 51°14′58″N 0°17′02″E / 51.24937°N 0.28402°E
Shipbourne (pronounced i/ˈʃɪbən/, SHIB-bun) lies in the English county of Kent, in an undulating landscape traversed by the small streams of the River Bourne, set in a clay vale at the foot of the wooded Sevenoaks Greensand Ridge.
Shipbourne is situated between the towns of Sevenoaks and Tonbridge, in the borough of Tonbridge and Malling. The landscape is agricultural with dispersed groups of buildings that are almost entirely residential or used for farming purposes.
The dominant characteristics of the historical landscape are thick woodland with smaller, broadleaf coppices with small to medium sized fields enclosed by traditional boundaries of hedges or chestnut fencing. Earlier removal of some hedgerows has resulted in some larger arable fields; these are often separated by small woodland belts or shaws. The most distinctive landscape feature is The Common, also known as The Green, which is a large, open and dominant space in the centre of the village.
To the south of the village, on each side of the A227 is Hoad Common. Before the last war Hoad Common was an attractive lightly treed open space popular with visitors but is now neglected and is rapidly deteriorating into scrubby woodland.
The parish is situated in the Metropolitan Green Belt and is an area designated as a Special Landscape Area. The central village, including the pub, the church, the village school and The Common, is within a Conservation Area. Much of the village lies within the Kent Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty.
Famous residents[edit]
The Fairlawn Estate, which stretches into neighbouring Plaxtol was, in Stuart times, owned by Sir Henry Vane the Elder, Secretary of State to Charles I: his son became Governor of Massachusetts in 1635. One of the Vane family employee's sons wrote a 700 blank verse poem about hop-growing. Sir Henry Vane the Younger, who was a Royalist and then became a Roundhead, before again switching back to being a Royalist under Charles I, was executed in London after being reported to be too dangerous to live. His body lies in the Vane family vault area of the crypt of Shipbourne church in an anthropoid (body shaped) lead shell coffin with many members of his family. His ghost is said to wander the village.
The Vane family were followed by the Cazalets. In 1880, Edward Cazalet built the church, dedicated to St Giles, a public house named The Chaser, and several of the cottages which surround The Common. Major Peter Cazalet was the trainer of horses owned by Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother. Many members of the Cazalet family are commemorated in the church.
Interestingly, St. Giles Church, besides continuing to serve as a place of worship, nowadays also doubles up as a Farmers' Market every Thursday morning.[1]
The poet Christopher Smart was born in 1722 at Fairlawn, where his father was steward.[2]
- ^ Conservation Bulletin (a bulletin published by English Heritage), issue 61, Summer 2009
- ^ Eagle, Dorothy and Carnell, Hilary (editors), (1987) The Oxford Literary Guide to Great Britain & Ireland, p. 237. London: Spring Books, ISBN 0-600-55407-4
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Shipbourne. |
Seal | Ightham | Plaxtol | |
Underriver | West Peckham | |||
Hildenborough | Tonbridge | Hadlow |


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Volunteer With Us
Clement Manor depends on the caring spirit of volunteer helpers. Even an hour or two of your time will help to enrich the lives of our residents and their families.
Benefits received by our volunteers are numerous:
- The satisfaction that comes from helping those in need and making a difference!
- A free lunch after volunteering four consecutive hours
- An annual celebration dinner is held to recognize all of our volunteers
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- Free flu immunizations
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- Escorting residents to and from in-house activities
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- Special event helpers
Fun, new opportunities arise daily!
For more information, contact Laurie at (414)-546-7397.
Ermin Humpal - Volunteer, Clement Manor Nursing Home, Hales Corners


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For those still running windows 98, SAAS is software as a service. You pay them, they run your application on their server. They run email servers as a business.
It's been bought by McAfee. If you look at the domain IP information, there are two servers, according to the MX records. The same IP as clintonmail hosts more than a million other entities. I highly doubt that Mr. and Mrs. Clinton are hosting more than a million other entities.
Domain registrations require an address, a phone number, and a name.
Do a little research and you'll find:
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all those that you listed are contract customers
And when the contracts are over they have to bid again
And when contracts are over they may switch to pipe
As the president has said ,its not a highly profitable business,stations
And if you check those places have the highest in their area for price
Yea ,that what I want to invest in ,places that have the highest price ng
Bristol-Myers Squibb Company (NYSE:BMY) today announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved Opdivo (nivolumab) injection, for intravenous use, for the treatment of patients with metastatic squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with progression on or after platinum-based chemotherapy. Opdivo is the first and only PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) therapy to demonstrate overall survival in previously treated metastatic squamous NSCLC. Opdivo demonstrated significantly superior overall survival (OS) vs. docetaxel, with a 41% reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio: 0.59 [95% CI: 0.44, 0.79; p=0.00025]), in a prespecified interim analysis of a Phase III clinical trial. The median OS was 9.2 months in the Opdivo arm (95% CI: 7.3, 13.3) and 6 months in the docetaxel arm (95% CI: 5.1, 7.3).
Must be a very lonely guy!
Its a Chinese company. Its immune to anything the SEC can do.
It makes 10B in profit each year.
It has 30B cash on its books.
Its growing at 30%.
Saying it will be worthless is profoundly stupid. It foolish and makes any future post you write tainted with your brand of idiocy.
If you hate BABA, short it. Get off the Yahoo board.
True value of all drugs in pipeline will have more value then 276.26
Shorts interest more than 4.6 million, could they all be wrong?
So far all signs point for higher price and volume. S& P and others will upgrade, if price moves higher.
Settlement Date…… Short Interest……. Avg Daily Volume…. Days To Cover
2/13/2015………. 4,642,812………. 275,229……. ….16.86
1/30/2015….. …..4,632,534………….. 230,461……. 20.10
Good luck!
Carolyn Novice
Sentiment: Strong Buy
how you knew that ?
This is often more true than you would want to believe, but makes sense if you think about it. Who would be the last seller? A long time holder of course, who finally can't take it any more and capitulates. They represent the fact that all the bad news is now factored into the stock (all else being equal), and so if you know who the long time holders are and see them leaving, it can be a very strong contrary indicator. For great examples of this, check out the record on gold calls. Almost without exception the right buying time has been when everyone starts to say it is finished as a hedge, or investment. Last big turn on that was in the $250 to $300 range when the front headlines were saying gold was dead. What did it do? Steady climb to $1900. So as an off topic comment: watch gold as it bottoms over next months and those same parties babble on about how it is done. That is when to buy it. Here: it was definitely when the ambulance chasing lawyers posted and scard off many, when in fact little had really changed. I did tell folks then that was an opportunity. Now: I see higher prices coming on success, but volatility will start to shake out some, if typical.IMO Most important thing here, besides obvious hope for great results: CAP of this company is very small, so can expand rapidly on any prospect of success, and or make buyout a strong possibility.IMO
Sentiment: Strong Buy
Just saw that you sold your ziop, tough luck.. Will this stock have a similar fate?
Exchange-traded liability structures: in uncovered sectors, never securitize them.
Internet troll
ahahaha !!!! Ok bud !! Let me know things change !!! Fingers crossed !! ahahaha !!!!
Sentiment: Strong Sell
Uh, what exactly will they sell to make this cash? They must sell off another subsidiary to pay off the note.
Can they get $45M for Xtrac? I doubt it. Radiancy, maybe, but then the company is back to $35M in sales with no profits and no cash.
nearing 140 now intraday…..woot woot
captainPrick- How many Ŕumps did you Ĥump today ???? BoneSmuĠĠler !!!
Sentiment: Strong Sell
Did you see the stock price, Cookie? Traders already have gotten wind of our success and are buying - up 14 cents - on this dismal lacklustre market day. Well, back to work, have listings to make to keep up the momentum.
Sentiment: Buy
Wonder why this isn't publicized.


text:
Product Description
Sauna Bench
The Sauna is one of those elusively modern pieces. On the one hand, it's a sound and functional offering serving as either a bench, platform base, or table. But in typical mid-century modern style, the design is also fully indicative of progress. The question then becomes how a practical piece became a symbol of limitless creativity? How a bench that still remains very much in tomorrow, graces the rooms of many businesses, resorts, hotels, restaurants and homes today?
In order to propose an answer, we need to first look into the specifics. The surface is comprised of a slotted square rectangular design. While the base is constructed of solidly welded pieces of metal, there are no legs in the classic understanding of legs. Also the vertical metal slats of metal are slanted.
This then is our answer. Imagine if you were vested with the task of making a mid-century modern bench. It was to be fully practical, because otherwise the pragmatists among you would belittle it. But hidden beneath the functionality, the trial would be to portray the uncertain future that was yet to be.
What made the Sauna bench an icon is the same reason you have opted to buy it today for your home or office. Why is this still the bench of tomorrow? Because if you were asked to envision a bench for the next 50 years, there is a good chance it will look something like this.
- Polished stainless steel
- Sturdy construction
- Solid stainless steel legs
Finish: | Silver | |
Materials: | Stainless Steel | |
Usage: | Assembly Required | |
Warranty | 1 year warranty against manufacturer defects. | |
Application | Indoor | |
Entryway Bench Features Allows you to choose specific features you want your entryway benches to have. | Entryway Bench Features | Backless |
Application | Commercial, Residential |
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Additional Details
Mfr Part # | |
Sku | |
Group # | 1831458 |
Category | Entryway Benches - 1100 |
Style | Modern - 3 |
Sales Rank | 688 |
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