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US 5266411 A Abstract This invention relates to a metallized polypropylene film made from polypropylene/acid terpolymer blends and the process for the manufacture thereof. The acid terpolymer is composed of an ester monomer, an acid monomer and ethylene.
Claims(11) 1. A plastic film having improved adhesion properties as a substrate for a coating of a metal, said film comprising a blend of polypropylene and an acid terpolymer comprising an ester monomer, an acidic monomer and ethylene.
2. The plastic film of claim 1 on which is deposited a thin layer of metal.
3. The plastic film of claim 2 in which said thin layer of metal is deposited on said plastic film by vacuum vapor deposition.
4. The plastic film of claim 1 wherein said ester monomer is selected from the group consisting of: methyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylates wherein the alkyl group contains 1 through 8 carbons and alkyl hydrogen maleates wherein the alkyl group contains 1 through 8 carbons.
5. The plastic film of claim 4 wherein said acidic monomer is selected from the group consisting of: acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and maleic acid.
6. The plastic film of claim 1 wherein the proportion by weight of said polypropylene to said acid terpolymer is in the range of from 99.5/0.5 to 0.5/99.5.
7. The plastic film of claim 1 wherein the proportion by weight of said polypropylene to said acid terpolymer is in the range of from 95/5 to 75/25.
8. The plastic film of claim 1 wherein the proportion by weight of said polypropylene to said acid terpolymer is in the range of from 90/10 to 80/20.
9. The plastic film of claim 1 wherein said film is biaxially oriented.
10. The plastic film of claim 1 wherein said polypropylene is heat set.
11. The plastic film of claim 1 wherein said film has a surface that has been subjected to electrostatic surface treatment to improve the adhesion properties thereof.
Description This application is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 07/610,528, filed Nov. 8, 1990 is now U.S. Pat. No. 5,206,051. Metallized polypropylene film is used in many packaging applications. Its advantages include low permeability to water vapor, brilliant appearance, low density and low cost. However, a major deficiency results from the relatively poor metal-to-polymer bond typically seen in prior art films. While manufacturing techniques and polymer property requirements are known for the manufacture of metallized polypropylene film, various modifications have been employed to attempt to overcome the adhesion deficiency. These alterations have resulted in polypropylene surface changes. Some examples of these modifications include coextrusion with an adhesion promoting polymer, corona discharge or plasma treatment, application of very thin adhesion promoting solutions, dispersions or emulsions just prior to, during or after an orientation process and chemical etching of the film surface with acids, solvents or other reactive agents. Although currently available biaxially oriented polypropylene films provide some improvement for metal adhesion over that given by a modified homopolymer film, many drawbacks are created. Chiefly, the processes for manufacture of these films involve greater complexity and increased cost. Also, the current processes limit the suitability for use of the film in subsequent converting operations. Specifically, the ability to successfully laminate two or more films by extrusion techniques may be compromised due to the tendency for the metallized layer to crack or craze. Crazing during the extrusion lamination process is a widespread problem which results in poor appearance as well as property deficiencies. It is known that unmodified metallized films do not exhibit this crazing phenomenon during the lamination process, however the metal to film adhesion is deficient. Metal crazing is believed to be the result of differential stretching between the bulk film layer and the metal adhering layer brought about by heat and stresses introduced by the extrusion lamination process. With most commercial films, there is a trade-off between the ultimate metal bonds attainable and the craze resistance of the film. The present invention provides a metallized polypropylene film and a process for producing it which significantly improves the film-to-metal bond without compromising the versatility of the subsequent converting operations which may be applied to the film. Specifically, films of this type may be processed via extrusion lamination techniques without susceptibility to metal cracking or crazing. The bond improvement is achieved in accordance with the invention by blending polypropylene with an acid terpolymer. The homogeneous blend may then be processed as a single layer or coextruded as one of multiple layers, as long as the polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend comprises the surface to be metallized. A wide range of acid terpolymer compositions and addition levels have proven to effectively enhance the adhesion of the metal which is deposited onto the film surface. The present invention covers a metallized polypropylene film and the process for making it comprising blending polypropylene (including random and block copolymers) with an acid terpolymer. The acid terpolymer of the preferred embodiment consists of an ester monomer, an acidic monomer and ethylene. Several organic compounds have proven effective as the ester monomer component of the acid terpolymer. These compounds include: methyl acrylate, alkyl methacrylates wherein the alkyl group contains 1 through 8 carbons and alkyl hydrogen maleates wherein the alkyl group contains 1 through 8 carbons. Several organic compounds have also proven effective as the acidic monomer component of the acid terpolymer. These include: acrylic acid, and maleic acid and maleic anhydride. Several ratios of the ester monomer, acidic monomer and ethylene have proved satisfactory for use in the acid terpolymer ultimately used for the metallized biaxially oriented polypropylene film. These compositions are in the range of approximately 1-40 wt. % ester monomer, 0.5-10 wt. % acidic monomer and the balance ethylene. The preferred range is 1-10 wt. % ester monomer, 0.5-3 wt. % acidic monomer and the balance ethylene. Acid terpolymers which have been successfully utilized are sold commercially by Exxon Chemical Company under the designation Escor acid terpolymers. The preferred acid terpolymer is sold under the designation LDX-244 and identified a grade XV-35.04. This terpolymer has been determined to be particularly effective when blended with polypropylene sold under the designation Exxon Escorene 4202, the resultant film being produced on Gloucester blown process orienting equipment. The acid terpolymer can be blended with polypropylene in the ratios discussed herein to provide the desired, improved metal adhesion polypropylene film of the present invention. The ratio or proportion by weight of polypropylene to acid terpolymer is workable in the range of 99.5/0.5 to 0/100. It is possible, though not recommended, to eliminate the polypropylene. The preferred ratio of polypropylene to acid terpolymer is in the range of 95/5 to 75/25 with the best results achieved in the range of 90/10 to 80/20. The polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend can be achieved by mechanically blending the acid terpolymer pellets of a size approximately one eighth of an inch in diameter with the polypropylene resin pellets in the desired ratio. This blend is then fed to an extruder preferably on a biaxially orienting film line. Alternatively, a process known as compounding, wherein the two resins are fed into an extruder in the desired ratio, melted together and extruded into a new resin blended pellet wherein the new blended resin pellet is a composition of the acid terpolymer and polypropylene, can be employed. Both of these methods of blending work equally well with regards to the finished film characteristics of increased metal adhesion. Biaxial orientation of the resultant film is preferred. Methods for biaxially orienting films are of common knowledge and in widespread use by plastic film manufacturers. Biaxially orienting refers to the orienting of the film's crystalline structure in two directions. These two directions are referred to as the machine direction and the transverse direction. The two most common processes for biaxially orienting films are the Flat Die-Tentering Frame Process and the Double Bubble Process. Both processes also normally involve heat setting the oriented film. The Flat Die-Tentering Frame Process produces biaxially oriented film by feeding a flat die, with one or more extruders, with the polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend. The molten plastic sheet is solidified by extrusion onto a chilled drum. This solidified sheet is then stretched in the machine direction by a series of rolls which are moving at a higher line speed than the chilled drum. The stretched sheet, or web, is then oriented in a transverse direction by the tentering portion of the machine. This tentering portion clamps onto the two edges of the web to control the width dimension of the web. The web then passes into an oven where it is heated so that it can be stretched. The clamps attached to the web ride on diverging rails and subsequently stretch the film, width-wise, in a controlled manner. At this time the film is usually heat set. To achieve the desired improvement in metal adhesion regardless of the final film layers the outside layer must contain the acid terpolymer. The biaxially oriented film is then wound into roll form. The sequence of machine direction orientation and transverse direction orientation can be reversed or done on separate machines without any difference resulting in the metal adhesion properties of the film. The Double Bubble Process consists of an extruder or extruders feeding a tubular die. Each extruder feeds a material which becomes one or more layers of the final film structure. Therefore, with regards to this invention one of the extruders would be feeding the polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend to the die. To achieve the desired improvement in metal adhesion, regardless of the final number of film layers, the outside layer is the layer required to contain the acid terpolymer. The molten plastic exits the die in the shape of a tube which is then solidified by quenching, for example, in water or air. This solidified tube is then pulled to the top of a biaxially orienting machine where it is reheated and softened. This softened tube is then inflated with air and is blown into a bubble of cylindrical shape. The bottom of the bubble is pulled through the machine at a much higher rate than the tube which is feeding the top of the bubble, thereby orienting the film in the machine direction. The process of heating the tube and blowing the bubble causes orienting of the film in the transverse direction. The bubble is then forced or nipped together at the bottom, thus creating a valve to keep the air in the bubble and keep it inflated. This nipping together of the bubble bottom produces a single web which is then slit at the edges, thus producing two separate sheets of finished film which are wound up on separate rolls. Each roll width is half the bubble circumference. Regardless of which process is used to biaxially orient the film, or whether the film is oriented or not with regard to this invention, the important thing to note is that the acid polypropylene/terpolymer blend layer is the outside layer of the film. The film could consist of only a single layer or a multitude of layers, so long as the acid terpolymer is contained in the outside layer, not sandwiched or buried between other layers. Preferably this film is then treated by corona discharge, a known electrostatic surface treatment to further improve its reception of and adhesion to a metal covering layer. However, surface treatment is not a necessity. This film is then metallized. Metallization preferably is done by vacuum vapor deposition. The film is passed over a source of metal vapor, preferably aluminum, with the acid terpolymer containing layer facing the source of the metal vapor. The metal vapor condenses on the film and produces a thin coating of metal on the polypropylene/acid terpolymer layer of the film. The film is then cooled by contact with water cooled heat transfer rolls and the film is rewound into a roll. An outstanding feature of the invention is manifested in the surprisingly high degree of adhesion between the metal and the polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend layer. The improved metal adhesion of the film is evidenced by comparing the adhesive strength of a film containing the polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend with a film that does not contain the acid terpolymer/ polypropylene blend. The adhesive strength of one film tested containing the acid terpolymer blend was 130 grams/inch. In contrast, the adhesive strength of a film tested that did not contain the polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend was only 20 grams/inch. This metallized film also exhibits a much higher resistance or cracking of the metallized surfaces during subsequent film processing than would normally be expected. For instance, the amount of cracking is not as great during extrusion lamination. In extrusion lamination the metallized film is used as a base film in which molten polymer, usually polyethylene, is extruded onto the metallized surface of the metallized polypropylene film containing the polypropylene/acid terpolymer blend layer. This molten polyethylene acts as an adhesive to join the metallized film to another secondary web. Various features of the invention have been particularly shown and described in connection with the illustrated embodiments of the invention, however, it must be understood that these particular arrangements merely illustrate, and that the invention is to be given its fullest interpretation within the terms of the appended claims. Patent Citations
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Many of us have attended a class reunion of some sort, but this weekend one local high school welcomed more than thirty classes back to school.
Pender High School held a massive reunion for anyone who ever attended the school, which opened in 1976. The event was organized in an attempt to bring together old classmates who have lost touch over the years.
The weekend-long event featured a number of events including an alumni basketball game, a retro dance, as well as an outdoor picnic with plenty of food and music. Organizers said they wanted to make sure people stay in touch.
"We want to try and figure out where everybody's at. Throughout the course of the years, people have lost loved ones and some of our classmates have passed on. We kind of just want to keep in touch with everybody who ever attended Pender High School," said organization committee member Sabrina Wooten.
Organizers used the internet to find alums now living across the country and bring them back to Pender County for the reunion.
The event also served as an attempt to raise money for more elective programs at the school.


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US 7632419 B1 Abstract Apparatus for in-situ monitoring of a process in a semiconductor wafer processing system consists of a process chamber having a dome, an enclosure disposed above the chamber, a process monitoring assembly positioned proximate the dome, an opening in the dome, and a window covering the opening. A portion of the apparatus supports the process monitoring assembly to establish a line-of-sight propagation path of monitoring beams from above the dome, through the window to the substrate to facilitate etch depth measurement without encountering interference from high power energy sources proximate the chamber. A method of fabricating a process monitoring apparatus consists of the steps of boring an opening into a dome, positioning the process monitoring assembly in proximity to the dome so as to allow a line-of-sight propagation path of monitoring beams from the process monitoring assembly to a wafer, and covering the opening with a window. The window is permanent or removable dependent upon the type of process monitoring assembly being used in the system.
Claims(25) 1. A method of etching a substrate in a process chamber comprising a wall, the method comprising:
providing a substrate in the process chamber, the substrate having a surface;
introducing an etching gas into the process chamber;
applying an RF current through a multi-turn antenna covering a top surface of the chamber wall to pass RF energy through the chamber wall to the etching gas inside the process chamber to energize the etching gas to etch trenches in the substrate;
detecting radiation reflected from the substrate from directly above the surface of the substrate after the radiation propagates through the chamber wall; and
evaluating the detected radiation to monitor the depth of a layer being etched on the substrate.
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24. A method of etching a substrate in a process chamber, the process chamber comprising a wall and having a non-vertical multi-turn antenna above the wall, the method comprising:
placing in the process chamber, a substrate having a layer;
introducing an etching gas into the process chamber;
powering the non-vertical multi-turn antenna covering a top surface of the chamber wall to couple energy through the wall to the etching gas inside the process chamber to energize the etching gas to etch the layer on the substrate;
detecting radiation reflected from the substrate from directly above the surface of the substrate after the radiation propagates through the wall; and
evaluating the detected radiation to monitor the depth of the layer being etched on the substrate.
25. A method of etching a substrate in a process chamber, the process chamber comprising a ceiling and a multi-turn antenna above the ceiling, the method comprising:
providing a substrate in the process chamber, the substrate having a surface;
introducing an etching gas into the process chamber;
applying an RF current to the multi-turn antenna to pass RF energy through the ceiling of the process chamber to the etching gas inside the process chamber to energize the etching gas;
detecting radiation reflected from the substrate from directly above the surface of the substrate after the radiation propagates through the ceiling; and
evaluating the detected radiation to monitor etching of the substrate.
Description This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/944,240, filed on Oct. 6, 1997 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,129,807, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 1. Field of the Invention The invention relates to semiconductor wafer processing systems. 2. Description of the Background Art Semiconductor processing systems that perform �dry� etching of semiconductor wafers via plasmic gases, also known as reactive ion etching (RIE) require constant monitoring. While it is possible to predefine the etch parameters and allow the systems to perform the etch process unmonitored, conditions within the systems can change over time. Minute changes in the composition or pressure of an etch gas or process chamber or wafer temperature creates undesirable etch results. For example, DRAM memory circuits are fabricated from semiconductor wafers using deep trench technology. A single DRAM memory cell consists of a capacitive storage cell and a switching element (i.e., a MOSFET transistor). Information (in the form of electrical charge) stored in the cell is passed on to other circuitry when the switching element is activated. Essentially very deep (on the order of 3-20 mm) channels or trenches must be formed in a semiconducting substrate in order to create the capacitive storage cells. Otherwise, the information is not sustained (i.e., the electrical charge �leaks out� of the storage cell). Such trench etch circuits are formed by etching away different layers of insulating material deposited upon the substrate and the substrate itself in various steps. For example, first a photoresist mask is placed over an insulating layer or film (silicon dioxide or other similar material). The mask contains a desired circuit pattern to be etched into the insulating layer. It is important that etching of the insulating layer stop at the point where the substrate (silicon or other similar composition) is first revealed at the bottom of the trench. In a next step, the remaining portion of the photoresist mask is removed via an ashing operation so as to not remove any of the remaining insulating film or improperly etch the substrate. In a next step, a more involved chemical process etches a trench into the substrate material while continuously redepositing the insulating layer material so as to not attack the original insulating layer defining the circuit pattern. It can easily be seen that if the etch process during any one step exceeds the predetermined endpoint, the substrate, insulating layer and/or resultant circuit pattern may be damaged. As such, these systems rely upon some type of in situ measurement to determine the progressive depth of the etch process. In situ measurement provides greater control of the etch process and improves uniformity over a batch of processed wafers. There has been some success in the art of developing in situ etch depth measuring systems that utilize optical emission spectroscopy to monitor light emissions from the plasma as the etch process progresses. One such system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,308,414 to O'Neill et al. Such a system monitors the optical emission intensity of the plasma in a narrow band as well as a wide band and generates signals indicative of the spectral intensity of the plasma. When the signals diverge, a termination signal is generated thereby terminating the etch process. Other techniques include the use of laser interferometry, beamsplitters and diffraction gratings to measure the phase shift of a laser beam reflected from two closely spaced surfaces. For example, the phase shift between a first beam reflected off the mask pattern and the beam reflected off an etched portion of the wafer is measured and compared to a predetermined phase shift that corresponds to the desired etch depth. Unfortunately such monitoring and measuring systems are plagued by inadequate signal to noise ratios. Additionally, the minimum etch depth is limited by the wavelength of the light source used in the monitor. Another technique for measuring etch depth is ellipsometry, which measures the change in polarization of light upon reflection of the light from a surface. Unfortunately, the error in etch depth detection in systems that use polarized laser beams too great to be useful. In situ etch depth monitoring is of particular interest in systems where plasma excitation coils are used. Such a system is the Decoupled Plasma Source (DPS) system manufactured by Applied Materials, Inc. of Santa Clara, Calif. For example, RF power applied to a coil configuration atop a process chamber assists in creating the plasma that performs the etch process. However, the RF power may inductively couple into the neighboring monitoring equipment thereby corrupting the monitoring signals. As such, in situ monitoring of etch depth in a high power RF environment is inadequate and prone to severe inaccuracy. Therefore, a need exists in the art for an apparatus for performing direct, in situ measurement of etch depth in a high power RF environment as well as monitoring other processes performed by a semiconductor wafer processing system. The disadvantages associated with the prior art are overcome by the present invention of an apparatus for performing direct, in situ monitoring of a process in a semiconductor wafer processing system. Specifically, the present invention provides a process chamber having a dome circumscribed by an antenna, the dome having an opening, an enclosure disposed above the chamber, a process monitoring assembly disposed proximate said dome and a window covering the opening. Further, the process monitoring assembly consists of a signal source, a signal detector, a collimating assembly and a transmission cable having a first end and a second end whereby the first end is connected to the collimating assembly and the second end is connected to the signal source and the signal detector. A portion of the apparatus supports the process monitoring assembly to establish a line-of-sight from the monitoring assembly, through the window to a substrate (i.e., a semiconductor wafer). The window can be permanently affixed to the opening or removable. The monitoring apparatus can be located totally within the enclosure or a portion of it can be outside of the enclosure. A method of fabricating the inventive apparatus consists of the steps of boring an opening proximate an apex in the dome, positioning the process monitoring assembly in proximity to the dome so as to allow a line-of-sight from the process monitoring assembly to a wafer, and covering the opening with a window. The window is permanently affixed or removable dependent upon the type of process monitoring apparatus being used in the system. With the method and apparatus as disclosed, process measurement and monitoring is conducted without encountering interference from high power energy sources proximate the chamber. Specifically, the monitoring assembly is positioned away from RF power sources that can arbitrarily couple power into the monitoring assembly. Additionally, the line-of-sight feature of the subject invention simplifies the overall design and allows retrofitting of chambers not previously using such in-situ monitoring devices. The apparatus further provides versatility since the removable window allows interchanging different types of monitoring apparatus. Specifically, plasma-based lamps, laser interferometers, X-ray emitters and the like are optimized by selecting different types of window material (i.e., sapphire, quartz and the like) through which monitoring beams propagate. The teachings of the present invention can be readily understood by considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which: To facilitate understanding, identical reference numerals have been used, where possible, to designate identical elements that are common to the figures. The present invention is an apparatus for performing direct, in situ monitoring of processes such as etch depth of and thin film deposition upon a semiconductor wafer within a semiconductor wafer processing system. The invention provides for measurement of a variety of emissia or reflected light dependent upon chamber conditions and monitoring apparatus preferences and parameters. Specifically, the invention is used for monitoring the depth of various types of etch processes from within a dome temperature control enclosure of a Metal Etch Decoupled Plasma Source (DPS) chamber manufactured by Applied Materials of Santa Clara, Calif. A dome temperature control enclosure and apparatus of the Metal Etch DPS chamber is disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/767,071 filed Dec. 16, 1996 and is herein incorporated by reference. The processes that can be monitored include but are not limited to gate etch, recess etch, deep trench and shallow trench isolation for the production of DRAM memory and logic circuits. Additionally, the enclosure 114 also houses a device for monitoring the processing, e.g., depth of the etch process that occurs at the wafer surface. Specifically, a collimating assembly 126 is disposed above the dome 106. A signal source 118 and signal sensor 120 are connected to the collimating assembly 126 via a transmission cable 128. While a fiber optic cable is a preferred device for connecting the signal source 118 and signal sensor 120 to the collimating assembly 126, any suitable transmission cable may be used. The combination of the collimating assembly 126, the signal source 118, signal sensor 120 and transmission cable 128 comprise a monitoring assembly 121. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a second, bifurcated end of the fiber optic cable has two branches. A first branch 127 of the bifurcated end of the fiber optic cable is attached to the signal source 118 and a second branch 129 is attached to the signal detector 120. Both the signal source 118 and signal detector 120 are outside the enclosure 114. A first, single end of a fiber optic cable extends through an opening 130 in the sidewall 113 of the enclosure 114 and is attached to the collimating assembly 126. The transmission cable 128 and collimating assembly 126 may be provided with shielding elements 134 and 136 respectively to avoid RF power (explained in greater detail below) and excessive temperature from coupling into or effecting these devices. Alternately, the devices are manufactured from non-conductive materials such as high temperature plastics, ceramics and the like or are a combination of shielded and non-conductive components. The top of the dome defines an apex 123. An opening 122 is bored into the dome 106 proximate the apex 123. To maintain the integrity of the chamber conditions during wafer processing, a window 124 is placed in the opening 122. Preferably, the window 124 is a slab of transparent material having a low refractive index so as to prevent excessive refraction of an optical beam. Materials such as quartz and sapphire can be used to create the window. Fused silica is also a viable window material because it has a higher transmissibility of ultraviolet light than ordinary glass. Ideally, the window 124 and dome 106 are machined to high tolerances so as to create a flush mounting surface. Specifically, the opening 122 in the dome 106 has a flange thereby providing a supporting lip 138 upon which the window rests. The window may be permanently adhered to the dome or removable therefrom. If the window is permanently adhered to the dome, an adhesive is used along the supporting lip 138 of the dome 106 to affix the window 124 and maintain chamber conditions. Alternately, the window 124 is fused or welded to the opening 122. If the window is removable, both the window and the opening are specially prepared. Specifically, the supporting lip 138 and the window 124 are polished. The two polished surfaces are sealed with an O-ring (not shown) placed between the supporting lip 138 and the window 124. As such, an air-tight seal is formed when a vacuum produced in the chamber 100 draws the window 124 down onto the supporting lip 138. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the window 124 is permanently affixed to the dome 106. A permanent window is affixed to the opening during manufacture of the dome and is constructed of a material that is specific to the type of monitoring apparatus used in the enclosure. For example, a laser interferometer is used in combination with a window comprised of sapphire. With the invention as described above, a wide angle, line-of-sight measurement can be taken as the wafer is being processed. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the signal source 118 is an optical source capable of emitting an optical beam of sufficient wavelength, frequency and amplitude to propagate through the chamber processing environment without excessive levels of signal degradation or interference. Preferably, a low pressure, mercury-based plasma lamp operating in the 185-700 nm range is used as the signal source. Alternately, cadmium, zinc or other plasma-based or laser-based lamps may be used for the signal source in place of the mercury-based plasma lamp. An optical beam from the signal source 118 travels through the first branch 127 of the bifurcated end of the fiber optic cable 128 to the collimating assembly 126, through the window 124 and onto the wafer 110. A relatively large (i.e., approximately 1 square inch diameter) area of the wafer encompassing at least one entire die pattern being etched is illuminated by the optical beam. As such, a larger area is available for etch depth monitoring which provides greater accuracy in determining the overall etch rate of the wafer. The signal sensor 120 is an optical sensor capable of receiving reflected beams of radiation, for example light radiation, from the wafer 110 that have propagated through the chamber processing environment. Preferably, the signal sensor is a narrow band (approximately 2 nm) monochromator with a silicon photodiode or photomultiplier. In an alternate embodiment, the signal sensor is a photomultiplier with a narrow band (approximately 2 nm) optical filter placed in front of the photomultiplier. The optical filter's multiple layers of dielectric film function as a band pass filter. That is, desired wavelengths of reflected beams from the wafer pass through the optical filter while all other wavelengths are screened out. For example, light from the plasma within the chamber does not enter the photomultiplier. This type of filtering greatly enhances the signal-to-noise ratio of the reflected beams. Specifically, a reflected beam from the wafer 110 propagates through the process chamber 100, window 124, collimating assembly 126, into the fiber optic cable 128 and exiting at the second branch 129 of the bifurcated end of the fiber optic cable 128 and into the signal sensor 120. The signal sensor 120 processes the reflected signal into an etch rate signal that may be passed on to a computer (not shown) for additional processing, display device (not shown) to depict progress of wafer processing or the like. Alternately, the signal detector 120 may be a CCD camera to form part of an image relay system. The above described monitoring assembly 121 need not be designed from separate components interconnected by a transmission cable. Aside from forming the lower extremity of the enclosure 114, the dome 106 also defines a surface 212 that is external to the chamber processing environment that supports an RF antenna 210. Specifically, a single length of a conductor (i.e., a copper coil) is positioned at the circumference of the dome 106 and coiled radially inward forming multiple turns. The coil can have separate turns with each turn having a different radius or can spiral radially inward with a continuously changing radius for its different turns. The antenna coil covers approximately ⅔ of the support surface 212. As can be seen in As discussed earlier, one embodiment of the invention has a permanently affixed window. In an alternate embodiment of the invention, the window is removable from the dome. A removable window adds flexibility to the apparatus in that different types of signal sources and sensors can be used in the same chamber. For example, a chamber using a low pressure, mercury-based plasma lamp and a sapphire window can be retooled to accept a laser interferometer and a quartz window. The material chosen for the window is based upon the wavelength of the beams used in the monitoring assembly. Although mercury lamps, laser interferometers and X-rays are discussed, any type of optical beam equipment can be used. Similarly, any type of material besides sapphire and quartz can be used for the window to optimize transmission of the beams, refraction index and general operation of the device. For example, quartz is more etch resistant than sapphire, but sapphire has a lower cost and different transmission bandwidth than sapphire. Although methods of permanently and removably affixing the window to the dome are discussed any means for affixing the window to the dome can be used to optimize the ability to retool the chamber or obtain adequate measurements from the monitoring assembly. The signal source 118 and signal detector 120 need not be disposed in a side-by-side arrangement. For example, With the configuration as described, an optical measurement apparatus is created that is capable of in-situ monitoring of the etching process. Specifically, an optical beam of radiation, for example light radiation, from the source 118 propagates through the window 124 and chamber 100 to the wafer surface. An incident beam reflects from the wafer surface, propagates back through the window 124, collimating assembly 126, transmission cable 128 and is detected by the sensor 120. Since the monitoring assembly 121 is shielded and/or positioned away from the antenna coils, interference or RF power coupling is minimized. All or part of the monitoring assembly may also be in close proximity to heat lamps which are part of the temperature control apparatus. Reducing thermal expansion of monitoring components is important so as to reduce the likelihood of misalignment of the apparatus. Such misalignment can lead to erroneous signal detection. The shielding element 130 can be fashioned as sleeve surrounding the transmission cable 128 fabricated from polyetheretherketone. The shielding element 136 can be a metallic plate with a painted or otherwise applied dielectric coating. Additionally, the improved apparatus requires no major retooling of existing chamber components. The design increases flexibility by allowing use of different types of process monitoring equipment in the same chamber. The above described apparatus is not limited to use inside an enclosure above a wafer process chamber. Nor does the window or opening in which the window is fitted need to be part of or affixed to a dome shaped top surface. The top surface may be partially dome-shaped, flat, concave or any configuration suitable for sealing the process chamber. The window 124 and opening 122 need not be at the apex of the dome or similar top surface as they can be off center. Additionally, there need not be only one window and corresponding opening. There may be a plurality of openings in the top surface each covered by a separate window or all covered by a single plate disposed above the top surface. In such a configuration having a plurality of openings and windows, there can be a single source providing illumination at all openings or a plurality of sources providing illumination to a group of openings or to each opening individually. Accordingly, there can be a single detector receiving reflected beams passing through all of the openings. Alternately, there can be a plurality of detectors receiving reflected signals from a group of openings or from each opening individually. Although various embodiments which incorporate the teachings of the present invention have been shown and described in detail herein, those skilled in the art can readily devise many other varied embodiments that still incorporate these teachings. Patent Citations
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Titus Chapter 1 |
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Viewing the Standard King James Version. Switch to the 1611 KJV Titus Chapter 1 or view a Titus 1 parallel comparison.
2 In hope of eternal life, which God, that cannot lie, promised before the world began;
8 But a lover of hospitality, a lover of good men, sober, just, holy, temperate;
10 For there are many unruly and vain talkers and deceivers, specially they of the circumcision:
13 This witness is true. Wherefore rebuke them sharply, that they may be sound in the faith;
14 Not giving heed to Jewish fables, and commandments of men, that turn from the truth.
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This epistle chiefly contains directions to Titus concerning the elders of the Church, and the manner in which he should give instruction; and the latter part tells him to urge obedience to magistrates, to enforce good works, avoid foolish questions, and shun heresies. The instructions the apostle gave are all plain and simple. The Christian religion was not formed to answer worldly or selfish views, but it is the wisdom of God and the power of God.The apostle salutes Titus. (1-4) The qualifications of a faithful pastor. (5-9) The evil temper and practices of false teachers. (10-16)1-4 All are the servants of God who are not slaves of sin and Satan. All gospel truth is according to godliness, teaching the fear of God. The intent of the gospel is to raise up hope as well as faith; to take off the mind and heart from the world, and to raise them to heaven and the things above. How excellent then is the gospel, which was the matter of Divine promise so early, and what thanks are due for our privileges! Faith comes by hearing, and hearing by the word of God; and whoso is appointed and called, must preach the word. Grace is the free favour of God, and acceptance with him. Mercy, the fruits of the favour, in the pardon of sin, and freedom from all miseries both here and hereafter. And peace is the effect and fruit of mercy. Peace with God through Christ who is our Peace, and with the creatures and ourselves. Grace is the fountain of all blessings. Mercy, and peace, and all good, spring out of this.
5-9 The character and qualification of pastors, here called elders and bishops, agree with what the apostle wrote to Timothy. Being such bishops and overseers of the flock, to be examples to them, and God's stewards to take care of the affairs of his household, there is great reason that they should be blameless. What they are not to be, is plainly shown, as well as what they are to be, as servants of Christ, and able ministers of the letter and practice of the gospel. And here are described the spirit and practice becoming such as should be examples of good works.
10-16 False teachers are described. Faithful ministers must oppose such in good time, that their folly being made manifest, they may go no further They had a base end in what they did; serving a worldly interest under pretence of religion: for the love of money is the root of all evil. Such should be resisted, and put to shame, by sound doctrine from the Scriptures. Shameful actions, the reproach of heathens, should be far from Christians; falsehood and lying, envious craft and cruelty, brutal and sensual practices, and idleness and sloth, are sins condemned even by the light of nature. But Christian meekness is as far from cowardly passing over sin and error, as from anger and impatience. And though there may be national differences of character, yet the heart of man in every age and place is deceitful and desperately wicked. But the sharpest reproofs must aim at the good of the reproved; and soundness in the faith is most desirable and necessary. To those who are defiled and unbelieving, nothing is pure; they abuse, and turn things lawful and good into sin. Many profess to know God, yet in their lives deny and reject him. See the miserable state of hypocrites, such as have a form of godliness, but are without the power; yet let us not be so ready to fix this charge on others, as careful that it does not apply to ourselves.
Commentary by Matthew Henry, 1710.
Recent Comments for Titus Chapter 1...
Daniel's Titus Chapter 1 comment on 1/12/2015, 6:50pm...
We must be careful that we follow the teaching on Jesus when appointing men as leader in the church. They must be men of God. They must be good stewards of the gospel and not teachers of themselves.
Evangelist Chatauna Robinson's Titus Chapter 1 comment on 12/12/2014, 5:36am...
Hello Enapejeremiah The Bible tells us to 2 Timothy 2 15 Study to shew thyself approved unto God, a workman that needeth not to be ashamed, rightly dividing the word of truth. There are colleges and universities that are set up for Theology teaching that awards academic achievements in this field of study. In the end, it is the Holy Ghost, the true Holy Ghost with the speaking in other tongues as the spirit of God gives that truly does the teaching and opens up a person s understanding. Whether that instruction comes from within or from a Holy Ghost filled teacher the instruction is still from the Holy Ghost, John 14 26.
Evangelist Chatauna Robinson's Titus Chapter 1 comment on 12/11/2014, 12:38pm...
Hello Enapejeremiah I do not believe that I stated that they should have academic qualifications. I did state both parties should have faith. I would like to add that all parties should be people of faith. They should be guided by the Holy Ghost. The jobs of the offices in Ephesians are the following Ephesians 4 12 For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ . Now there is nothing wrong with education, but make sure that you are getting the right education. In the end, everyone should be striving to get save and stay saved according to Acts 2 38.
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I guess they talked to too
I guess they talked to too many of us, because their policy has changed a bit since then. I was talking to one of them on a street corner a couple years ago and I brought up the Fed. She said that they would also like to abolish it, but her solution was to create some other kind of funny money, controlled by the "representatives."
I laughed.
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Executive Handbook
A mentor can help a younger federal employee learn the skills needed to navigate a career. (Stock photo)
When Kimberly Hancher became CIO at the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, her first challenge was an upcoming move to a new headquarters building. She knew just where to turn for help: her longtime mentor.
"The first 90 days were really, really intense," Hancher said. "There was this big project that my credibility would be based on, staring me right in the face. [My mentor] really helped me through that time."
Hancher's mentor, who led an agency similar in size to EEOC, put her in touch with his CIO, who advised her to build management support for maintaining a computer room on-site in the new building. EEOC's chief financial officer opposed the idea because it would eliminate a planned staff cafeteria.
"I had a significant difference of opinion with a peer and it was very time sensitive and I'm the new kid on the block," Hancher recalled.
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She made her case by partnering with executives in other program areas who saw the importance of an on-site data center for avoiding disruptions to systems that 2,000 employees in the field relied on versus the 450 headquarters employees who would have access to the cafeteria at the new site. She also went along with other decisions that she might have challenged because she viewed them as less crucial than the computer room. In the end, the planners agreed to a comfortable lounge rather than a cafeteria, making room for the data center.
"Mentorship is incredibly important at every stage of somebody's career," said Dan Chenok, executive director of the IBM Center for the Business of Government and former branch chief for information policy and technology at the Office of Management and Budget. "I had mentors when I was a first-year staffer at OMB, and I have mentors now that I'm an executive at IBM."
Mentoring can help individuals better manage their careers and reach their goals, and they can also help managers and organizations retain valuable employees, said Lois Zachary, author of "The Mentor's Guide: Facilitating Effective Learning Relationships." In surveys, 96 percent of executives and 98 percent of millennial employees say mentoring is an important development tool. Moreover, 35 percent of employees who don't receive regular mentoring look for another job within the year, and 62 percent who have received mentoring say they are very likely to stay with their current employer, Zachary said.
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"Mentoring is a great opportunity to develop yourself professionally, to develop yourself as a leader," she said. "Throughout your career, you need multiple mentors at different times."
Finding a mentor
Sometimes, mentor relationships develop naturally through people you meet in the course of your work. But the more targeted and intentional you are in your choice of a mentor, the more you will get out of the relationship.
For instance, it is helpful to have a mentor who is not in your immediate chain of command so that he or she can give objective feedback without also being responsible for managing your performance.
"It's very difficult for a mentee to be open and honest with someone who signs their paycheck or evaluates their performance," Zachary said.
In addition, avoid choosing a friend or someone with a similar style to yours, said Susan Grunin, CEO of Think Strategic Consulting and chairwoman of the American Council for Technology's Human Capital Shared Interest Group. "I've had soul mates and I've had mentors," she said. "People who think differently have insight that you can't get if you just hung around with someone like you."
Furthermore, you should articulate the reasons you are looking for a mentor beyond just "getting ahead." If you want to learn a specific skill, such as managing meetings or improving organizational performance, look for a mentor who excels in the targeted area. Or perhaps you want exposure to someone who has worked at a number of agencies or in a variety of roles within your organization. Also consider practicalities such as whether you would prefer a mentor who is geographically close to you or someone who attended the same college or university.
The questions to ask yourself are, "'What do I want to learn, and what am I looking for in a mentor?'" Zachary said. "Identify some criteria so you don't get swept away by chemistry."
Once you have pinpointed your goals and the qualities you want in a mentor, look around. If you don't see candidates in your immediate work environment, tap your network to see if someone knows an appropriate person. You are more likely to succeed if you have targeted criteria and priorities rather than just saying, "I'm looking for a mentor — who do you know?"
There is no doubt that mentors can have a huge impact on a younger employee's career. For instance, if her mentor hadn't called to suggest it, Mary Davie might never have thrown her hat into the ring to become assistant commissioner for Assisted Acquisition Services at the General Services Administration. She is now acting commissioner of GSA's Federal Acquisition Service.
Being an effective mentor is a skill in and of itself. Rather than solve problems outright, you must coach your mentee to find his or her own answers.
"You're not the sage on the stage, but you're the guide on the side," said Lois Zachary, author of "The Mentor's Guide: Facilitating Effective Learning Relationships." "The most important thing you can do is to be there and listen, walk in the mentee's shoes and not make assumptions."
You also need to ask probing questions and challenge the mentee's bad habits or blind spots. "You want to be supportive [and] a bit nurturing but also tell it like it is," said Susan Grunin, CEO of Think Strategic Consulting and chairwoman of the American Council for Technology's Human Capital Shared Interest Group.
As a mentor, you might be surprised to discover that the relationship benefits you as well as the mentee. Besides the altruistic boost of helping someone else, you are likely to become more energized about your own job and learn new things about your industry and organization. Moreover, you will develop key managerial skills that will help you improve your own organization's performance.
"It's not a one-way learning," said Dan Chenok, executive director of the IBM Center for the Business of Government. "Being a mentor has taught me a tremendous amount over the years. The people I've worked with, who often are younger and have fresher perspectives, have been a great source of ideas."
Mary Davie, acting commissioner of the General Services Administration's Federal Acquisition Service, gravitated to GSA's Mary Whitley early on as a mentor because she admired Whitley's strength as a leader and her ability to command an equal voice at the table.
"I felt I could learn a lot from her in terms of leadership style, in terms of being very clear in communications style, the way that she developed relationships with other people," Davie said. "She took on some tough and sometimes unpopular challenges, and I kind of liked that. It wasn't easy, but the outcomes were great."
Years later, those lessons helped Davie tackle the challenge of becoming assistant commissioner for Assisted Acquisition Services when AAS was being pulled out as its own portfolio. "It was quite a challenging year, but the organization is stronger than ever," she said, noting that AAS went from a $60 million loss position four years ago to being $40 million in the black this year.
Working with a mentor
Once you've identified a mentor candidate, you need to explore whether your personalities fit well and decide how to structure the relationship. Share your past career experiences, your expectations for mentoring and your learning style. Break down your broad goals into specific, targeted steps.
"It's really important to negotiate the relationship," Zachary said. "As a mentee, you need to drive the relationship and you have to be able to ask for what you need."
The mentee should set the agenda, and both parties should agree on ground rules, such as confidentiality, boundaries and expected time commitments. Some people meet with a mentor monthly; others meet quarterly. It depends on the situation and your objectives.
Arrive at all meetings with a clear agenda, and be respectful of the mentor's time. "I'm not saying you can't have some social time if that's something they want," Grunin said. "When you're spending the time talking about you and your career [and] your barriers, you ought to be prepared and get to the point."
As you make career decisions and advance, be sure to let your mentor know how you have implemented his or her advice and what you have learned. Beyond being good manners, it will make the mentor more willing to continue mentoring you.
"Let the person know what you've been up to and how what they've said has helped you," Chenok said. "Demonstrate that you've internalized what you discussed."
Although you might seek a mentor for a particular time-limited challenge, stay in touch with that person even after your goal is met. Over the course of your career, you might have a variety of mentors who serve different roles. All of them are valued and necessary.
"It's important to have not just one person but hopefully several people you trust enough that you're able to talk to in this fashion," Chenok said. "A single mentor isn't the end-all be-all."
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I have both had mentors and been a mentor earlier in my career. Unfortunately, I now work in a place where mentoring is discouraged amoung certain groups. Needless to say, professional advancement as well as improvements in time with job performance is extremely limited. I have heard that in some places it is worse possibly as a fear of giving away secrets that will change the hierarchy of who is doing the best work and gets the promotion that all desire.


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"The harder you work, the luckier you get." by Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled GODS GIFTS which was written by poet kurtis scott aka curtis futch jr. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
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don't sit back its a fact if you can have a plan make that stand write sing dance prance that tha chance don't be a stiff ueses GODS GIFTS


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The Force is like, part of everything, man. It's in you, it's in me, it's in this glass of 'shroom tea, dude. It's groovy! And the establishment is trying to stamp it out! 'Cause they fear it. -Alec Guinness
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46 CFR 502.153 - Appeal from ruling of presiding officer other than orders of dismissal in whole or in part.
Rulings of the presiding officer may not be appealed prior to or during the course of the hearing, or subsequent thereto, if the proceeding is still before him or her, except where the presiding officer shall find it necessary to allow an appeal to the Commission to prevent substantial delay, expense, or detriment to the public interest, or undue prejudice to a party.
Any party seeking to appeal must file a motion for leave to appeal no later than fifteen (15) days after written service or oral notice of the ruling in question, unless the presiding officer, for good cause shown, enlarges or shortens the time. Any such motion shall contain not only the grounds for leave to appeal but the appeal itself.
Replies to the motion for leave to appeal and the appeal may be filed within fifteen (15) days after date of service thereof, unless the presiding officer, for good cause shown, enlarges or shortens the time. If the motion is granted, the presiding officer shall certify the appeal to the Commission.
Title 46 published on 2014-10-01
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For a complete list of all Rules, Proposed Rules, and Notices view the Rulemaking tab.
Title 46 published on 2014-10-01
The following are ALL rules, proposed rules, and notices (chronologically) published in the Federal Register relating to 46 CFR 502 after this date.
GPO FDSys XML | Text type regulations.gov FR Doc. 2014-29946 RIN 3072-AC58 Docket No. 14-12 FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION Final rule. Effective: January 24, 2015. 46 CFR Part 502 The Federal Maritime Commission is amending its rules governing dismissals of actions by complainants, by order of the presiding officer, and by respondents when complainant fails to prosecute.


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Sara Jay and Daphne Rosen start with sensuous boob-mashing and tongue-dueling but are soon fighting and choking when they're locked up in the same jail cell for stealing bathing suits. These big tit broads are easily considered head turners and with no effort can make any room steamy! Starring Daphne Rosen and Sara Jay, you should know they are already bringing their huge bouncing boobs, big butts, and their huge desire for ANY sexual activity so get ready to get a load off on these two hotties!
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Tech Helproom
It's free to register, to post a question or to start / join a discussion
Can't figure out the problem
Likes # 0
Posted January 7, 2013 at 9:46PM
Something is seriously wrong with my PC. It doesn't POST anymore. This problem is somewhat intermittent.
When I press the power button I hear a click (relay) but nothing happens. There is a light on the motherboard (that is on).
The reason I say this is intermittent is because I stripped everything out and put it back together and it worked again for about a week. This has happened a couple of times now. But now it won't come back at all.
I'm pretty sure there isn't any loose connections etc. I've done pretty much everything I can think of including:
- power reset (holding for 30 secs)
- took out the RAM and powered up to hear beeps
- stripped and reassembled
- changed CMOS battery
I dont know anything else to try.
I suspect the motherboard is faulty but I cant be 100% sure which is why I need some help.
- Tags:
- post
- motherboard
- fault
Likes # 0
Posted January 7, 2013 at 9:56PM
first job would be to substitute the PSU and retry
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Posted January 7, 2013 at 10:46PM
Might be a faulty power button (sticking or not making contact) I've got an old pc that does that, button works fine for a while then suddenly at some switch ons, pc appears dead - (apart from light on motherboard which only shows mains power is getting through) nothing else happens.
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On April 4th, 1968 Martin Luther King, Jr. was fatally shot while standing on the balcony outside his motel room in Memphis, Tennessee. He was in Memphis to support a sanitation workers' strike. He is most well known for his campaigns to end racial segregation on public transport and for racial equality in the United States. Learn more about his extraordinary life.
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Hello, Serenity Devine here!! Add me on Facebook :D ..im a 24 year old slim crossdresser who honestly just loves to have fun and enjoy being young. Im a total nerd, i love video games, and anime..and im a cinemaniac you name a movie ive probably seen it. I also just moved to Virginia Beach and im looking for friends..so if your in my area hit me up. =)
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kisses jorge
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Recipe by SUNKIST2
"Creamy, cheesy spaghetti baked with chicken. Comfort food to please everyone! Substitute diced zucchini, asparagus, and red and green peppers as you see fit."
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cooking spray
1 (16 ounce) package spaghetti
6 tablespoons butter
3 cups sliced fresh mushrooms
1 cup chopped onion
1 cup chopped celery
1 (14 ounce) can diced tomatoes, drained
2 (10.75 ounce) cans cream of mushroom soup
1 cup chicken broth
1 (4 ounce) can chopped green chiles (such as Old El Paso®), drained
1/2 cup sour cream
1 teaspoon seasoned salt
1/4 teaspoon cayenne pepper
salt and ground black pepper to taste
3 1/2 cups chopped cooked chicken
2 cups shredded sharp white Cheddar cheese
3/4 cup panko bread crumbs
2 tablespoons melted butter
This is a great change from regular spaghetti. Great with a salad & rolls or garlic bread, easy to make & will feed alot of people. You can use jalapenos instead of the chili peppers to spice it up a bit, but no need to make any other alterations. Great just like it is.
It was great. Easy to fix. Tasted real good. Tastes just as good, if not better, two days later. I followed the recipe exactly, using gluten-free pasta rather than regular. I think that if a 3yo was not in the household, I would double the cayenne.
16 Ratings
I used fat-free cream of mushroom soup,i also replaced the 1/2cup of sour cream with 1/2 cup of greek yogurt
Just made this awesome dish and loved it! I did make a few variations to use what I had and like, but this versatile recipe allowed for that. Here's what I changed: I added a can of artichoke hearts, used Parmesan and Swiss cheese instead of the cheddar, used 1 can cream of mushroom and 1 can cream of chicken, used 1 c. Water since I didn't have any broth and crushed up Italian bread crumbs in place of the panko bread crumbs. I did use the same seasonings, but used very little cayenne pepper and left out the green chiles and tomatoes ( my kids don't like them.) Loved how it came together and turned out!
Awesome!! We all loved it! My husband and son don't love mushrooms, so I omitted them. I also finely chopped one red bell, and a couple of garlic cloves and added these to the celery and onion while sauteeing. I used about three cups of baked, shredded chicken, and added a cup of shredded parmesan with the cheddar. My goodness, you'd have thought I'd cooked something gourmet... lol... Thanks for the recipe!! Yummy!
I followed a few other reviews. I used one can of cream of mushroom and one can of cream of chicken soup.I also used fire roasted tomatoes and Italian Style shredded cheese. I used chicken tenderloins. I cut them into bite sized pieces and cooked them in olive oil with oregano and garlic salt. This recipe turned out amazing!
this was amazing!! I added more chiles, diced tomatoes, and mushrooms! and I added some green peppers while cooking the onions, celery and mushrooms! I couldn't find the white cheddar cheese, so I used a combo of sharp cheddar and a white hot pepper blend shredded cheeses. It made a lot so I froze whatever I couldn't fit in the dish!! I will definitely make this again, especially since everyone who ate, (especially my son) loved it!!!
This was delicious. Made this today for our family Easter lunch. I doubled the recipe because we had 9 adults and 4 children and the recipe states makes 8 servings. It made enough for two casseroles, one 9 X 13 and one 8 X 11 and still had to put some in the freezer for later. Everyone went back for seconds. This is a keeper.
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Baked Chicken Spaghetti
Serving Size: 1/8 of a recipe Servings Per Recipe: 8 Amount Per Serving Calories: 711 Calories from Fat: 338
The most-tender new vegetables are here just in time for early spring salads!
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What's cooking in Chicago? Kim's healthy chicken meatballs and spaghetti.
Honey, mustard, and curry create a simple, sweet-and-savory baked chicken.


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March 5th, 2015Japan, 1962.
March 5th, 2015Honor Cafe.
March 3rd, 2015Japan, 1972.
March 3rd, 2015On your marks..
March 3rd, 2015New.
March 3rd, 2015Infrared Spring.
March 3rd, 2015New.
February 26th, 2015Geometurkey.
February 26th, 2015Forgive the headline. This is a great series of geometry in buildings around Istanbul.
February 26th, 20154 old notebooks.
February 26th, 2015Modiste.
February 26th, 2015Wishlisted. These cabinets are dreamy.
Doos vers.
February 25th, 2015If you enjoyed the Swiss collection of packaging then here are their Dutch cousins. 1000s more here
February 25th, 2015Jesus Perea.
February 25th, 2015We are completely enamoured with Jésus Perea's abstract panels and distorted buildings.
February 25th, 2015A poster for colouring in! To be honest though it's so nice as it is we think we will leave it be.
Romania, 1962.
February 23rd, 2015A thing of beauty.
February 23rd, 2015Bakehouse.
February 23rd, 2015Stephen Baker.
February 20th, 2015Ticket to ride.
February 20th, 2015We imagine you are quite pleased to know we now stock pretty tickets.
Japan, 1979
February 20th, 2015The Year of the Sheep/Goat.
February 19th, 2015The 'Old Factories & Industrial Decay Around the World' Flickr group.
February 18th, 2015Xobo.
February 18th, 2015Nice wardrobes are hard to find, these ones are delightful.


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Ultimate Stock Alerts (google is your friend) has made me into a believer. My last trade
made $600!
MFSTmoves closer and closer to the magic 5 cent mark where traders can realize more than 150%
upside from current levels
Just made 78% from my last Ultimate Stock Alerts (look for them in google). You need to be
on this list, man…
Plausible analysis
A winner every day for the last five days. How did I do it? Ultimate Stock Alerts (google
them now)!
Not much info on the stock. Message board mostly BS spammers.
Do people actually buy stock advisory services due to the "selling" on stock message boards? Those posts seem like a waste of time for the poster as well as the reader. I don't understand why they don't fade away.
Sentiment: Hold
Take it from me, Ultimate Stock Alerts (google search) is the real deal. Got two alerts in 4
days and both delivered 150%+ gains
Just made 78% from my last Ultimate Stock Alerts (look for them in google). You need to be
on this list, man…
PSUN is an absolute bore. Yawn, yawn… Ultimate Stock Alerts (search them online)
gives better picks
Thanks to Ultimate Stock Alerts (search them online) I avoided PSUN and kept my shirt.
Now I have more money to play with next session
PSUN is dropping fast. I get my alerts from Ultimate Stock Alerts (look them up in google)
Zack's has a Strong Buy rating on it... what do you think? I think possibly w oil prices low it gives mfg a chance to buy poly fabric (made from petrochemicals) cheaper and produce cheaper, maybe?
Sentiment: Strong Buy
Maybe so; but, it's possible that it was severely undervalued and now has a new following. I would guess that the odds are in your favor. On the other hand, despite today's drop, the stock price has held up reasonably well considering it's recent run up and the market's general sell off.
The good news is that if the company continues to make gains, this price ought to look cheap, somewhere down the road. Might you buy it for less int he interim? Sure, it is entirely possible.
Good luck.
Obviously, not "everyone" is buying. So your information is not reliable and neither would be your recommendation of the stock rag.
Wouldn't buy at these levels if have profits id take a lot of the table here .
Sentiment: Strong Sell
Got a brand new alert from Ultimate Stock Alerts (google them fast) and couldn't believe
my eyes. 300% winner the next day!
sales where up 9 percent in the quarter and stock jumps 85 percent . take you profits and get ready for next ride way over bought here. loading up again around 240s. gl
Sentiment: Strong Sell
I'd take a tip from a shoe shine boy before I took investing advice from Seeking Alpha.
seeking alpha article out today. it was a nice run tho thats for sure..


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If you walk around the Wangfujing Food Street, you will see brightly colored red fruits on sticks. These are sugar-coated haws, or "Bingtang Hulu" in Chinese. Sugar-coated haw is a traditional snack of Beijing. As a local, I used to see peddlers selling sugar-coated haws on streets and lanes. So a stick of sugar-coated haws is not only a treat for my taste bud but also a treasure of the past. The venders make the haws on the spot, so you can see the whole process yourself. They stick nine haw fruits onto a stick, bath them in sugar syrup, and then leave the syrup to harden into a shiny coating. When it cools off, the sugar coat becomes crispy, transparent and golden yellow. A stick of sugar-coated haws only costs RMB 4. In addition, you can choose sugar-coated strawberries, orange, and pineapple, priced at RMB 8. Give this sour and sweet snack a try! I hope you like it. What I appreciated Sweet and sour traditional Beijing snack What customers appreciate Traditional Beijing snack
Rare Jingdezhen Porcelain Covered with Gold Leaves
Fine carved lacquer ware to beautify your room A Ceramic ornament tells you an old story of hundreds of years ago... Wisdom Seed: Well-wishing from distant land |


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Turmoil in Haiti Turns Woman from Voodoo
Turmoil in Haiti Turns Woman from Voodoo
36750 results for ' cbn'. Showing results 32815 - 32832
Turmoil in Haiti Turns Woman from Voodoo
March for Life Attendees Urge Homestate Initiatives
As Pro-Lifers March, Tiller Murder Trial Underway
The Brody File Show
Dutch Politician Facing Trial for Hate Speech
TSA Nominee Withdraws Amid 'Political Agenda'
Hidden Scriptures to be Removed from U.S. Weapons
Court Ruling Reverses Campaign Spending Law
Rescuers Save Haitian Man from Under Rubble
150,000 Quake Victims Buried, Gov't Says
Miami's 'Little Haiti' Students Use Art as Therapy
Doctors Set Up in Dominican Republic for Haitians
Petraeus Weighs in on Yemen, War on Terror
Alleged Ark. Shooter Admits Al Qaeda Ties
U.S. Coptic Christians Protests Egypt Rights Abuses
Haitians Use Streets as Place of Healing
White House to Focus on Economy After Mass. Upset
Operation Blessing Provides Clean Water in Haiti


text:
12-Prs. of Browning Socks
Item # WX2-178426
- Google+
- Details & Specs
12-Prs. of Browning® Socks.
Enhanced moisture-wicking crew style! Wear these A-1 quality Browning® Socks for cool, dry and comfortable. Special buy means BIG BUCKS OFF!
Check 'em out:- 45/35/18/2 acrylic / polyester / nylon / spandex
- Moisture-wicking technology (same as used by Under Armor®)
- Includes 4 pairs of Black, 4 pairs of Tan and 4 pairs of Navy
- Reinforced toe and comfort arch support.
- Fit sizes 10-13. Machine wash / dry.
- Reviews
12-Prs. of Browning Socks is rated out of 5 by 78.Rated 5 out of 5 by Smitty from Best sock you will ever buy I bought 12 pairs of these about 12 or 14 years ago and have never worn any other sock but these, that's 7 days x 52 x 14. These babies are not even half wore out, never a hole, still stay up. You just can't get a better sock regardless of price paid. Good in all seasons.Date published: 2015-03-01Rated 5 out of 5 by KarenSL from Browning Socks Browning socks are amazing, comfort , fit and durable!!Date published: 2015-02-05Rated 5 out of 5 by Jimmy Time from Great sock, NOT heavy weight though Love these socks. They will replace the old "fleet" I've worn out. They are quality with a good price BUT they are mid weight socks at best. Good deal though and in 10 years when I've worn these out I'd buy them again.Date published: 2015-01-26Rated 5 out of 5 by Birdman from Best Socks EVER in my life time !!!!!!!!!!!!! I bought quite of few pairs of socks in my time, if you get cold feet you have to give these a SHOT do not Hesitate buy these babies now I have warm feet at work on that hard brick floors we all know about HAPPY FEET : )Date published: 2015-01-21Rated 3 out of 5 by Opinionated Geezer from Sufficient, 1/2 way between cotton & wool-blend lightweight boot sox. Got these to replace the G.G. merino vlend lightweight boot sox that had worn out after many years of service. These are definitely lighter in weight, a bit thinner, not as warm.On first wear, I noticed the first 2 or 3 pairs seemed to stretch out a bit & rotate around at the heel. I have since worn a pair that went through the wash. The problem of rotation did not occur. Perhaps they need that first wash/dry cycle to get started.I would say if you are using them for general daily use to replace regular cotton athletic sox, you will be happy. As a hiking sox, not as good due to thin construction & lack of any real "padding" on the sole.Worth the cost but they are just OK, not great. They do seem to be well made & state US manufacture so that is a plus if you like to support US industry.Date published: 2015-01-20Rated 5 out of 5 by slim from Great price for great socks I purchased a 12 pack of these socks nearly 5 years ago and still have not worn them out yet. I wear them every day for work and play, and I work and play hard. I have no holes in toes or heels in any of them. Elastic at top is starting to give out is the only minor issue. Finally, they went on special again and I snagged some more.Date published: 2015-01-20Rated 5 out of 5 by oldblbarrrel from great socks! Great fit, comfortable, warm & help my sweating feet!Date published: 2015-01-19Rated 5 out of 5 by chuckolboy from not bad 4 the money keeps you feet dry & warm cant ask 4 anything better would buy againDate published: 2015-01-14

 are the socks mid/caf socks.

Asked by: RICK

 They would be considered crew sock height.
Answered by: Customer Service

Date published: 2015-01-13

2015-03-02T22:18CST

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cp_1, bvpage1

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clientName_sportmansguide

- Articles & Tips
Don't Forget
Sof Sole® Athlete Insoles
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Sof Sole® Arch™ Insole
Buyer's Club $13.49 Non-Members $14.99
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Buyer's Club $22.49 Non-Members $24.99 -
6-Prs. of Merino Wool-blend Socks, Black / Gray
Buyer's Club $26.99 Non-Members $29.99 -
3-Pk. Browning Merino Wool Blend Socks, Taupe
Buyer's Club $17.99 Non-Members $19.99


text:
0800 652 5090 Sales open 9am to 8pm
The Berkeley 3 drawer wide chest is the ideal solution for storage that is as attractive as it is spacious. With three smooth-action drawers housed in a low, wide chunky wooden frame, this is sure to be a modern addition to your bedroom.
The smooth oak finish with unique Magnolia glass drawer fronts is complemented by the Berkeley's metal handles and feet, providing a modern wide drawer chest that is as practical as it is attractive. Teamed with the other pieces from our Berkeley bedroom furniture range, the Berkeley 3 drawer wide chest is a contemporary piece of furniture that exudes cool, sophisticated style.
Delivered ready-assembled.
Product code: 820-00512
Further Delivery Information
Returns, Refunds and Amendments
Further Returns & Refunds Information


text:
Sandersville Old City Cemetery
The Sandersville Old City Cemetery is the city's oldest and most scenic cemetery. Established ca.1831, the Victorian Era cemetery is the final resting place of missionaries, a Georgia governor, business, county leaders and prohibitionist. There are more than 90 identified graves of Civil War soldiers and numerous unidentified graves. The cemetery is the site of a Civil War skirmish and the site of the earliest Methodist-Episcopal Church in the city. Still present is the old road bed leading into the city, which was used by General William T. Sherman and his troops as they entered Sandersville. Browse at your leisure among the graves, above-ground tombs and the mausoleum of Georgia's Father of Prohibition. See examples of funerary art of the mid-19th century to art deco monuments of the 20th century. Visit and explore this quiet place. On the Historic Register of Historic Places.


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GENERAL - Table of Contents
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Since 1984, the award-winning TADA! Youth Theater has produced original musicals performed by kids aged 8-18 for family audiences. TADA! offers a free year-round youth development program and exciting Musical Theater classes, plus Arts Education residencies in schools and community centers throughout the NY Metro area. Through TADA!'s high-quality work, young people gain confidence and learn commitment, responsibility, communication and teamwork - skills that are critical to their success both in school and in life.
Create and perform an original mini-musical...in just five days! Each week, campers write, rehearse and perform a completely unique mini-musical based on the assigned theme for that camp. Professional Teaching Artists direct scenes and musical numbers from TADA!'s mainstage musicals and Broadway/Off-Broadway shows. For more information visit our website at www.tadatheater.com
TADA!'s week-long camps are in high demand for good reason. Each week, we offer:
...AND MOREVisit our website at www.tadatheater.com to find out about our Birthday Parties, how we can perform at your public or private event, and more.
2015 NEW YEAR PREVIEWS Musical Theater classes for children ages 2-14 will be offered Jan. to Apr. 21, 2015. Now offering classes in TriBeCa, too! Check out the full schedule at tadatheater.com.
What's New in 2015 for NYMetroParents Clients Many of your favorite NYMetroParents clients, from birthday party venues, to after-school classes, and dance schools have exciting things planned for the new year. Check out what's coming up in 2015 from top local businesses now.
10 Tips to Help Kids Ace Theater Auditions Is your child trying out for a school play or community theater show? Get tips from casting directors on how to help your kid ace the audition, including how to prepare the right song and monologue, calm nerves and stage fright, and deal with disappointment if your child doesn't get the role.
Summer Activities in Manhattan Do you need great summer activities for kids in Manhattan, NYC? Use our guide to find kids classes, Manhattan summer camps, summer programs, activities near Manhattan, and family excursions close by. Find all of your summer activities for kids in Manhattan, from the Upper West Side, the East Village, Midtown Manhattan, SoHo, Chelsea, and more.
Ask the Expert: Should I Enroll My Shy Child in Musical Theater Classes? The education director of TADA! Youth Theater in Manhattan answers why it might be a good idea for parents to enroll a shy child in musical theater classes to help their development, why parents' support is essential in nurturing an artistic child, and the importance of "failing forward."
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The Toyota Showroom in Tiruchi organised a Dream Car contest for children aged below 15 years. About 40 children from nine schools participated in the competition. The children had to draw a car that they expect to drive in future. A skill test on the car, Innova, was also held. Venugopal, manager, ARC Parcel Service Private Ltd., Tiruchi, distributed the prizes. The results of the Dream Car Contest will be announced by Toyota Motor Corporation, Japan.
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Coverage: NBC
12:30 PM ET, February 20, 2011
Xcel Energy Center, Saint Paul, Minnesota
N. Backstrom (Wild - G): Saves: 38, Save Pct.: .974
J. Howard (Red Wings - G): Saves: 25, Save Pct.: .962
P. Datsyuk (Red Wings - C): Goals: 0, Assists: 0
Player Summary
Goaltending Summary
* - A player receives a "plus" if he is on the ice when his Club scores an even-strength or shorthand goal. He receives a "minus" if he is on the ice for an even-strength or shorthand goal scored by the opposing Club. The difference in these numbers is considered the player's plus-minus statistic.