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US 7540475 B2 Abstract Advanced wicking structures and methods utilizing these structures are described. The use of advanced wicking structures can promote rapid mass transfer while maintaining high capillary pressure through the use of small pores. Particularly improved results in fluid contacting processes can be achieved by enhanced mixing within a wicking layer within a microchannel.
Claims(24) 1. Apparatus for contacting fluids, comprising:
a fluid inlet;
a channel connected to the fluid inlet;
the channel comprising an open channel connected to the fluid inlet, and a wick;
a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick; and
a liquid outlet;
wherein the liquid outlet or a liquid channel is connected to the wick.
2. The apparatus of
a laminated device comprising at least 2 essentially planar layers that each comprise:
a channel comprising an open channel and a wick; and
a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick.
3. The apparatus of
a channel comprising an open channel and a wick; and
a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick.
4. The apparatus of
5. The apparatus of
6. The apparatus of
7. The apparatus of
8. The apparatus of
9. The apparatus of
10. The apparatus of
11. The apparatus of
12. The apparatus of
13. The apparatus of
14. The apparatus of
15. A process of contacting fluids comprising:
passing at least two separate fluid streams into a device having at least one channel;
wherein the channel comprises an open area and a wick;
flowing at least one fluid through the wicking region, and flowing at least one other fluid through the open area;
mixing the liquid within the wick;
wherein there is mass transfer occurring between the at least one fluid flowing through the wick, and the at least one other fluid flowing through the open area.
16. The process of
17. The process of
18. The process of
19. Wicking apparatus, comprising:
a fluid inlet;
a channel connected to the fluid inlet;
the channel comprising an open channel connected to the fluid inlet and an advanced wicking structure; and
a liquid outlet or a liquid channel;
wherein the liquid outlet or a liquid channel is connected to the advanced wicking structure.
20. The apparatus of
a laminated device comprising at least 2 essentially planar layers that each comprise:
a channel comprising an open channel and an advanced wicking structure.
21. The apparatus of
a channel comprising an open channel and an advanced wicking structure.
22. The apparatus of
23. The apparatus of
24. The apparatus of
Description This invention was made with Government support under Contract DE-AC0676RLO1830 awarded by the U.S. Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in the invention. The present invention relates to processes and devices that utilize wicks within channels. Engineers at Battelle have pioneered the development of wick-containing microchannel devices for processes such as phase separation, condensation with phase separation, gas absorption and desorption, and distillation. Wicks can be incorporated within channels of laminated devices. An embodiment of one such device is illustrated in FIG. 6 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,909. A cross-sectional view of this gas/liquid contactor is illustrated in In prior patents, a wick is described as a uniform material, a mixture of materials, a composite material, or a gradient material. For example, a wick could be graded by pore size or wettability to help drain liquid in a desired direction. Examples of wick materials include: sintered metals, metal screens, metal foams, polymer fibers including cellulosic fibers, or other wetting, porous materials. The capillary pore sizes in the wick materials are preferably in the range of 10 nm to 1 mm, more preferably 100 nm to 0.1 mm, where these sizes are the largest pore diameters in the cross-section of a wick observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In a preferred embodiment, the wick is, or includes, a microchannel structure. Liquid in the microchannels migrates by capillary flow. The microchannels can be of any length, preferably the microchannels have a depth of 1 to 1000 micrometers (μm), more preferably 10 to 500 μm. In a preferred embodiment, the microchannels are microgrooves, that is, having a constant or decreasing width from the top to the bottom of the groove. In another embodiment, the microchannels form the mouth to a larger diameter pore for liquid transport. Example 2 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,666,909 reports the use of a Pall Supramesh� material having a layer of sintered stainless steel overlying a fine stainless steel mesh. As noted in prior work, the wick is preferably not permitted to dry out during operation since this could result in gas escaping through the wick. One approach for avoiding dryout is to add a flow restrictor in capillary contact with the wick structure, such as a porous structure with a smaller pore size than the wick structure and limiting the magnitude of the suction pressure such that the non-wetting phase(s) cannot displace the wetting phase from the flow restrictor. This type of restrictor is also known as a pore throat. In preferred embodiments, a pore throat is provided between the wick and the liquid flow channel and/or at the liquid outlet. In some embodiments, the wick can have a small pore diameter such that it serves to transport fluids from the gas channel and also prevents gas intrusion, thus serving the dual purpose of a wick and a pore throat. Ideal wicking structures exhibit high permeability so that high flow capacity and low pressure drop occur. However, small pore sizes are required for good capillary pumping capacity, as described by the Young-LaPlace equation. These two characteristics appear at odds with each other, but engineers in the heat pipe industry have solved this problem by creating special wicking structures that are referred to as either monogrooves (G. P. Peterson, �An Introduction to Heat Pipes,� John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1994, p. 5) or open arteries (A. Faghari, �Heat Pipe Science and Technology,� Taylor and Francis, 1995, p. 26). In these structures, good permeability is maintained by the circular groove, while a narrow neck creates high pumping capacity. A cross-section of a heat pipe with open arteries surrounding a gas channel is shown in There are numerous examples of microreactors with mixers within a microchannel architecture. In these devices, two or more fluids are mixed together. A review of micromixers has been provided by Hessel et al. in �Micromixers�a review on passive and active mixing principles,� Chem. Eng. Sci. 60, 2479-2501 (2005). Such mixers include: flow dividing and recombining structures; patterned surfaces (such as a herringbone pattern, see Stroock et al. �Controlling Flows in Microchannels with Patterned Surface Charge and Topography,� Acc. Chem. Res. 36, 597-604 (2003); electrically patterned (see Stroock et al.) zig-zag channels; substream injection via multi-hole plates, and structural packings such as a helix. None of the prior art incorporates a static mixer within a wick. In a first aspect, the present invention provides apparatus for contacting fluids, comprising: a fluid inlet; a channel connected to the fluid inlet; and a liquid outlet. The channel comprises an open channel connected to the fluid inlet, and a wick. The apparatus also includes a mixer adapted to enhance fluid mixing within the wick. The liquid outlet or a liquid channel is connected to the wick. Preferably, the apparatus is a laminated device. In any of the aspects described, the open channel preferably has a height of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, more preferably 0.5 to 5 mm. The wick preferably has a height of 5 mm or less, more preferably 1 mm or less, and in some embodiments in the range of 0.1 mm to 1 mm. The channel height is the sum of wick height and open channel height. The width and length of the components are less important and, in some embodiments, have the microchannel dimensions mentioned elsewhere. As is typical patent terminology, the term �comprising� means �including;� there could be additional components and there could be one or more of the stated components. For example, apparatus �comprising� a fluid inlet would include devices having 1, 2 or more fluid inlets. In a further aspect, the invention provides a process of contacting fluids comprising: passing at least two separate fluid streams into a device having at least one channel; wherein the channel comprises an open area and a wick; flowing at least one fluid through the wick, and flowing at least one other fluid through the open area; mixing the fluid within the wick. There is mass transfer occurring between the at least one fluid flowing through the wick and the at least one other fluid flowing through the open area. In another aspect, the invention provides wicking apparatus, comprising:
In a further aspect, the invention provides a process of wicking a fluid, comprising: passing at least one fluid stream into a device having at least one channel; and flowing the liquid in the wick in either rotational flow or flow that splits and recombines within the wick. The channel comprises an open channel and a wick. In this aspect, a liquid flows in the wick and gas flows through the open channel. The invention also provides a process of contacting fluids in which at least two fluids are passed into a device having at least one channel. The channel has an open area and a wicking region with enhanced mixing capability such as can be provided with a static or advanced wicking structure. During operation, at least one fluid flows through the wicking region, and at least one other fluid flows through the open area; one fluid contacts at least one other immiscible fluid, and there is mass transfer occurring between the at least one fluid flowing through the wicking region, and the at least one other fluid flowing through the open area. Fluid contacting is useful for absorption, desorption, distillation, solvent extraction, stripping and rectification. Other applications include reactive chemical separation techniques, such as reactive distillation. In this invention, transport of mass and/or heat is enhanced by mixing within a wick, thus accomplishing a process intensification similar to that which might be accomplished by making thinner wicks and flow channels. Mass transfer in physical processes can be characterized by the Sherwood number, In addition to wicks, optional pore throats and optional capture structures may be present in the invention. A wick is a material that will preferentially retain a wetting fluid by capillary forces and through which there are multiple continuous channels through which liquids may travel by capillary flow. The channels can be regularly or irregularly shaped. Liquid will migrate through a dry wick, while liquid in a liquid-containing wick can be transported by applying a pressure differential, such as suction, to a part or parts of the wick. A wick is not merely a wall coating such as a typical metal oxide wash coat. The permeability needs to be sufficient to support a reasonable flow rate, which a wash coat would not do. The capillary pore size in the wick can be selected based on the contact angle of the liquid and the intended pressure gradient in the device, and the surface tension of the liquid. Preferably, the pressure at which gas will intrude into the wick should be greater than the pressure differential across the wick during operation�this will exclude gas from the wick. The liquid preferentially resides in the wick due to surface forces, i.e. wettability, and is held there by interfacial tension. The liquid prefers the wick to the gas channel and as long as there is capacity in the wick, liquid remains in or is segregated from the gas stream and does not leave in the gas stream. In some preferred embodiments, a wick is disposed in a microchannel. Microchannels can be of any length, preferably the microchannels have a depth of 1 to 1000 micrometers (μm), more preferably 10 to 500 μm. Preferably the microchannels have a width of 1 to 1000 millimeters, more preferably 10 to 100 millimeters. In a preferred embodiment, the microchannels are microgrooves, that is, having a constant or decreasing width from the top to the bottom of the groove. Furthermore, wicks can be comprised of layers of different structures with at least one layer adjacent to a gas flow channel (surface layer) that has pores or openings that wet the liquid and retain liquid by surface tensions forces. The surface layer supports a pressure gradient within the wick in a lateral direction that produces liquid flow through the wick. The other layers (inner layers) of such a wick will remain fully saturated during normal operation and accommodate bulk flow of the liquid. In one embodiment of a layered wick, the inner layer is comprised of microgrooves or microchannels and the surface layer comprised of a sheet of porous material, such as a woven screen, an expanded metal screen, a felt material, or sintered metal. In another embodiment, the one or more inner layer(s) are porous materials with higher porosity and/or larger pore size than the surface layer. The liquid in a pore throat has a bubble point that is greater than the maximum pressure difference across the pore throat during operation. This precludes intrusion of gas into the pore throat due to capillary forces (surface tension, wettability, and contact angle dependent). A pore throat can be used to seal the liquid exit, so there should be a seal around the pore throat or the pore throat should cover the exit in order to prevent gas from bypassing the pore throat. The pore throat is preferably very thin to maximize liquid flow through the pore throat at a give pressure drop across the pore throat. Preferably, the pore throat has a pore size that is less than half that of the wick and a thickness of 50% or less than the wick's thickness; more preferably the pore throat has a pore size that is 20% or less that of the wick. Preferably, the pore throat is in capillary contact with the wicking material to prevent gas from being trapped between the wick and the pore throat and blocking the exit. Flooding can result from exceeding the flow capacity of the device for the wetting phase through the wick; the flow capacity is determined by the pore structure of the wick, the cross-sectional area for flow, or the pressure drop in the wick in the direction of flow. A capture structure can be inserted (at least partly) within the gas flow channel, and in liquid contact with the wick. A capture structure assists in removing (capturing) a liquid from the gas stream. One example of a capture structure are cones that protrude from the wick; liquid can condense on the cones and migrate into the wick�an example of this capture structure is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,289,752, incorporated herein by reference. Other capture structures include inverted cones, a liquid-nonwetting porous structure having a pore size gradient with pore sizes getting larger toward the wick, a liquid-wetting porous structure having a pore size gradient with pore sizes getting smaller toward the wick and fibers such as found in commercial demisters or filter media. Mechanisms for capturing dispersed liquid particles include impingement (due to flow around obstructions), Brownian capture (long residence time in high surface area structure), gravity, centrifugal forces (high curvature in flow), or incorporating fields, such as electrical or sonic fields, to induce aerosol particle motion relative to the flow field. In preferred embodiments, wicks are disposed in laminated devices with gas flow channels and wicking regions that are essentially planar in the fluid separation regions. This configuration allows high throughput, rapid and uniform rates of mass and heat transport, and provides a large surface area to volume ratio for high efficiency. In some preferred embodiments, layers are stacked to have separate gas flow channels in 2 to 600 separate layers, more preferably between 4 and 40 separate layers containing gas flow channels. As an alternative to the parallel arrangement, the channels could be connected in series to create a longer flow path. In some preferred embodiments, the gas flow channels and/or liquid flow channels have dimensions of width and length that are at least 10 times larger than the dimension of height (which is perpendicular to net gas flow). The invention also includes methods of fluid processing (preferably contacting of fluids) using any of the structures and apparatus described herein. The invention, in various aspects and embodiments can provide numerous advantages including: rapid mass transport, high rates of heat transfer, low cost, durability, and improved flow properties (combined higher permeability and pumping pressure) in a compact space. An �active mixer� enhances mixing by applying energy such as electrical or sonic energy. An �advanced wicking structure� is a structure that meets the testing results described below. A �capture structure� is a structure disposed (at least partly) within a gas flow channel that assists movement of a liquid into the wick. �Device volume� refers to the entire volume of the device, including channels, headers, and shims. �Entrainment� refers to transport of liquid into the gas exit �Flow microchannel� refers to a microchannel through which a fluid flows during normal operation of an apparatus. A �laminated device� is a device having at least two nonidentical layers, wherein these at least two nonidentical layers can perform a unit operation, such as heat transfer, condensation, etc., and where each of the two nonidentical layers are capable having a fluid flow through the layer. In the present invention, a laminated device is not a bundle of fibers in a fluid medium. A �liquid� is a substance that is in the liquid phase within the wick under the relevant operating conditions. �Microchannel� refers to a channel having at least one dimension of 5 mm or less. The length of a microchannel is defined as the furthest direction a fluid could flow, during normal operation, before hitting a wall. The width and depth are perpendicular to length, and to each other, and, in the illustrated embodiments, width is measured in the plane of a shim or layer. �Microcomponent� is a component that, during operation, is part of a unit process operation and has a dimension that is 1 mm or less. �Pore throat� refers to a porous structure having a maximum pore dimension such that a non-wetting fluid is restricted from displacing a wetting fluid contained with the pore throat under normal operating conditions. �Residence time� refers to the time that a fluid occupies a given working volume. A �static mixer� is a structure within or adjacent a wick that enhances mixing within the wick. There are many known static mixers for mixing in microchannels, and, in the present invention these may be used in conjunction with a wick to promote fluid mixing in the wick. A �substance� is a chemical compound or molecule. �Unit process operation� refers to an operation in which the chemical or physical properties of a fluid stream are modified. Unit process operations (also called unit operations) may include modifications in a fluid stream's temperature, pressure or composition. A �wicking region� is the volume occupied by a wick, or, a wicking surface such as a grooved microchannel surface. �Working volume� refers to the total channel volume of the device, and excludes the headers and solid shim and end plate materials. Devices containing a wick can be made of metals, plastics, ceramic or composite materials. Metal shims (for making a laminated device) can be made by etching; conventional cutting, grinding and machining; electrical discharge machining (EDM); laser machining; stamping or coining; extrusion; molding techniques; or deposition techniques, such as rapid-prototyping, chemical vapor deposition, or electro deposition. Plastic shims can be made using the same techniques or by conventional plastic forming techniques, including injection molding, hot embossing, stamping, casting, and other molding techniques. Ceramic shims could be made using techniques well known for fabricating ceramic parts, including those used in fabricating solid oxide fuel cell elements. The shim material facing the gas channel can be made hydrophobic through coatings, treatment or by the choice of material. The shims can be stacked with wicks installed within the liquid flow channel, either held in loosely by the lands and channel walls or by adhering the wicks to the liquid channel wall. The wick or pore throat must prevent an open path for the gas to flow to the liquid exit. This can be accomplished either by close tolerances between the wick or pore throat structure and the walls; by using a sealant, such as epoxy, polymer, or braze material to install the wick or pore throat; or through the use of gaskets or o-rings. The seams between shims and between end plates and shims can be sealed by bonding or by a compression seal. Bonding can be accomplished by diffusion bonding, by brazing or soldering, by ultrasonic welding, by combustion synthesis, by chemical reaction, such as using an epoxy resin, or by gluing with an adhesive material. A compression seal can be accomplished using gaskets, O-rings, or by surface to surface contact and bolting the device together. Inlets and outlets can be connected by the same methods, by welding, by screws or bolts, or by other known connection techniques. When making low volumes of a given device or when the device needs to be disassembled for cleaning or modifications, the preferred fabrication technique is to fabricate the shims and end plates by conventional machining, such as by milling, or by EDM. Seals between the shims and end plates are preferably accomplished by compression seals using either O-rings placed in grooves machined into one of the sealing surfaces or by using a gasket material cut to match the profile of the sealing surface. The device is then held together in compression using bolts. The liquid exit is isolated from the gas flow channel using gaskets or sealant, such as epoxy, between the wick or pore throat and the wall. Inlets and outlets can be installed using standard threaded fittings or other known connection techniques, such as brazed joints. The devices and processes are especially desirable for integration in a system. These systems can accomplish desired functions such as heat transfer, mass transfer, heterogeneous reaction, electrochemical reactions, or electric field enhancements. When integrated as an element in a chemical reactor, the inventive devices can result in process intensification (e.g., reduced mass transport residence times) and/or greater than equilibrium conversion and selectivity for chemical reactions. Combination with a heat exchanger can facilitate multi-phase endothermic or exothermic chemical reactions. Heterogeneous catalytic reactions can be accomplished by impregnating active catalyst materials in the wicking structure for liquid phase reactions and/or in the capture structure for gas phase reaction. One example is Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, where condensable hydrocarbons are produced. Reactor residence time can be reduced by the incorporation of structures that remove liquid hydrocarbon products in contact with the catalyst structure. The devices can also be used in an integral reactor-chemical separator. For example, the wick or an absorbent material within the wick can selectively remove one of the products. This causes a shift in the equilbrium conversion as well as improved selectivity. Other, nonlimiting, examples include low temperature water gas shift reaction, where we believe that selectively removing CO could lower the operating temperature for achieving adequate conversion. This effect could be enhanced by flowing an absorbent liquid countercurrent to a flowing gas stream. The Sherwood number for mass transfer or Nusselt number for heat transfer for a given physical process is influenced by geometry and the flow behavior of the liquid. For example, the Sherwood number for turbulent flow at Reynolds numbers above 2100 is much larger than for laminar flow at Reynolds numbers below 2100. However, the Sherwood number (or Nuselt number) can be increased for laminar flow below Reynolds number of 2100 by modifications of the geometry, as is well-known in the literature on micromixers (Hessel, V., H. Lowe, F. Schonfeld, Chemical Engineering Science, 60 (2005) 2479-2501). Whereas, these structures are typically used to mix two miscible fluids together, the concepts are also useful for increasing the Sherwood or Nusselt number associated with transport processes with wicks. In this invention known concepts for mixing miscible fluids using micromixers can be applied to accelerate the transfer of mass or heat into or out of a liquid flowing through a thin wicking structure. The principle mechanisms for affecting enhanced heat and mass transfer using static mixers are 1) inducing secondary or recirculation flows and 2) inducing flow splitting and recombining (SAR), and 3) stretching and folding. Mechanisms for active mixing include employing electrical or ultrasonic forces. Some, non-limiting, embodiments of deploying structures within wicks to enhance transport are described below. In one embodiment, a wick consisting of open microchannels with one side comprised of the surface layer and a herringbone pattern (FIG. 15 of Hessel) deployed on the side opposite the surface that is adjacent to a gas flow channel. The fluid develops secondary rotational flow cells as it passes down the microchannels bringing fluid initially far from the surface layer of the wick to the surface layer where heat or mass transfer can occur more readily with the gas phase in contact with the liquid phase in the surface layer. Similarly, if heat transfer is occurring through the wall where the herringbone structure is located, fluid that is initially far from that wall will move toward that wall where heat transfer can occur more readily. In another embodiment, an inner layer (or layers) of a layered wick contain helical or intersecting structures (see One approach for realizing helical or intersecting flow structures within a layered wick is to use the tetrahedral wire structures of expanded metal screens, such as those supplied by Delker, .Inc. The flow path for fluid flowing in the plane of these structures is very dependent on the orientation of the screen relative to the flow direction. In two directions, flow paths are relatively straight and unimpeded and the straight flow lines will not induce secondary flow behavior as desired. However, if the direction of flow requires the fluid to flow around the wires then the flow path becomes more tortuous and secondary flow behavior become possible. By constructing wicks from multiple layers of tetrahedral wire screens and orienting the wires specifically to induce intermixing or helical flow behavior, the desired enhanced transport can be achieved. Other split and recombine structures that can be deployed within wick structures include (but are not limited to) caterpillar structures (Schonfeld, F., V. Hessel, and C. Hofmann, 2004, Lab on a Chip, 4, 65-69), fork-like (Schwesinger, N. and T. Frank, 1995, WO 96/30113, Merck Patent GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), ramp-like (Branebjerg, J., U. D. Larsen, and G. Blankenstein, Eds. 1996, Proc. of 2nd Int. Symp. On Miniaturized Total Analysis Systems; Analytical Methods & Instrumentation, Special Issue microTAS'96, Basel, 228-230 and Lowe et al., 2000, 4th Int. Conf. on Microreaction Tech., IMRET 4, Atlanta, USA, AIChE Topical Conf Proc., 31-47), and curved architectures. Mixing, wicking flow channels can be constructed from wicks in which flow splits apart and recombines�for example, patterned channels (such as may be etched in a channel wall) that contain a fibrous wick In another embodiment, wicking, open microchannels (without additional wicks within the microchannels and, optionally, spaced from a gas channel by a pore throat) split and recombining flow within the microchannels. These structures intermix fluid that is near the surface layer of the wick with the rest of the fluid to enhance diffusive heat and mass transfer. Another known mechanism to enhance mixing is hydrodynamic focusing, where the flow area is reduced, similar to a Venturi, forcing localized reduction in convective-diffusive lengthscale. A wicking structure containing periodic focusing structures where regions of increased flow area, increased mass transfer length-scale, and slower flow would alternate with regions of decreased flow area, decreased mass transfer length-scale and faster velocity. The former regions would facilitate mass transfer between the liquid phase in the wick and the adjacent gas phase and the latter would facilitate mass transfer within the liquid in the wick. Yet another embodiment of a micromixer that is deployable is the combination of smaller channels and larger tortuous channels (He, B. et al., 2001, Analytical Chemistry, 73(9), 1942-1947). Fluid supply to the larger channels is dispersed by the smaller channels giving both the effect of axial dispersion in the net flow direction and smaller transport length-scales and longer residence times in the shorter channels. Other embodiments of enhanced transport in wicks include use of active mixing structures where the energy for mixing is supplied by an external source and not the hydrodynamic pressure. These active mixing approaches include periodic flow switching (Glasgow, I. and N. Aubry, 2003, Lab on a Chip, 3, 114-120), electro-osmotic flow switching (Qian S. and H. H. Bau, 2002, Analytical Chemistry, 74(15), 3616-3625), acoustic fluid shaking (Liu, R. H. et al., 2002, Lab on a Chip, 2, 151-157), electrokinetic instability (Oddy, M. H., J. G. Santiago, J. C. Mikkelsen, 2001, Analytical Chemistry, 73(24), 5822-5832), and ultrasonic/piezoelectric membrane actuation (Yang, Z., et al., 2001, Sensors and Actuators A, 93, 266-272). Any of the enhanced mixing wicks can be separated from the open channel by a surface layer of a relatively small pore material (even in this case, the wick is still termed �adjacent� the open channel). For example, in a wicking structure that includes liquid flow arteries connected via narrow necks to a gas flow channel (see, for example An �advanced wicking structure� is defined by the �advanced wicking structure test,� which is as follows. A wick is tested in an existing device or placed in an appropriately matched channel having an open region for gas flow. The channel has a width that matches the wick width, and the open region is twice the volume of the wick volume. A wick that is normally operated adjacent a patterned surface will be tested adjacent an identically patterned surface (and compared to a wick adjacent a smooth surface). For wicks that are not hydrophobic (which will wet when touching water at room temperature and pressure), 20 wt % aqueous ammonia at about 20� C. is passed through the wick at a Fourier number of 1.0 while ammonia at about 20� C. is passed through the gas channel at 1.0 atm. Flow through the wick is in the desired flow direction which is typically the largest dimension. The ammonia concentration of the liquid exiting the channel is measured. This is compared to an identical wick run under identical conditions except without any mixing structures (this is termed the �standard�). A wick resulting in an ammonia content that is at least 20% greater than the standard is termed an �advanced wicking structure.� For a wick with a nonuniform composition, the standard wick is the same composition as the surface layer facing the open channel�for example, a wick with a sintered steel surface overlying a steel mesh is compared to a standard wick that is formed only of a sintered steel overlaying an open channel to the same overall wick thickness. For hydrophobic wicks, the comparison is the same except that the liquid in the wick is cyclohexanol at 65� C. and the gas is cyclohexane at about 65� C. and 1 atm. It should be recognized that the test procedure should be followed as closely as practicable, keeping in mind that some variations may be required for testing some structures; and that variations can be accommodated, by the person of ordinary skill in working with micro-contactors, to accurately measure the extent of mixing in the wick. Patent Citations
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Termites, storms and neglect have damaged part of former Philippine first lady Imelda Marcos' legendary collection of shoes and other possessions
MANILA, Philippines — Termites, storms and neglect have damaged part of former Philippine first lady Imelda Marcos' legendary collection of shoes and other possessions left behind after she and her dictator husband were driven into U.S. exile by a 1986 popular revolt.
Hundreds of pieces of late strongman Ferdinand Marcos' clothing, including the formal native see-through barong shirts he wore during his two-decade rule, have also begun to gather mold and fray after being stored for years without protection at the presidential palace and later at Manila's National Museum, officials told The Associated Press on Sunday.
According to AP article, termites had damaged the heel and sole of a white Pierre Cardin shoe. Click here to read the entire article. Source: Washington Post
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Comment by divyesh vyas — February 7, 2010 @ 1:09 pm. Vishvadeepbhai, really thought provoking poem.. congretulations. Comment by Lata Hirani — February …
Mats Wermelin
Events in Sport on 5th February | Today in Sport: Events in sport on the 5th of February. See what famous and interesting sporting events happened throughout …
People by job: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ People by company: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ


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Before anyone brings home the hardware, let's answer a few questions about John Heisman and his trophy.
If you haven't seen the Forbes list on which this chart was based, then the name attached to the tallest bar might surprise you.
Because it's tradition! But how did this tradition begin?
Ever wonder what a Canuck is? How about a Blue Jacket? Here's a breakdown of how the league's 30 teams got their names.


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341 | Fallout Evolution V5.0.0 ROM Ok, It's about time I join the fray. This is a HTC One V port, based on RUU 2.08.401.2 - release keys, with parts from the latest ICS leak for the DS. Most importantly, the 3.0.16 stock HTC kernel. It's not the s... | View... |
240 | Endymion V3.5 ROM This is based on the official 1.05.401.4 WWE RUU for Runnymede (final version - release-keys) with several tweaks and optimizations, plus a modified UNITY kernel (credits for great base go to m-deejay). Actually, this kernel is ... | View... |
117 | Reaper V4.0 ROM Ok guys, Given the latest batch of ICS derivatives, I was of a mind of never even releasing this in the wild, but as I liked the outcome, maybe someone else also will. :) This was may pet project for the last few days (now... | View... |
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Click here for the Monthly Calander
Bell Schedule
Math Homework Resources - Click here
PBIS Survey:
Staff: http://bit.do/Brackenridge-HS-PBIS-Staff-Survey-14-15
Students: http://bit.do/Brackenridge-HS-PBIS-Student-Survey-14-15
Parents: http://bit.do/Brackenridge-HS-PBIS-Parent-Survey-14-15
Monday, February 23 –
Beginning of Attendance Incentive Campaign
Algebra I Simulation
Varsity Baseball v. Cornerstone - 4:30 p.m.; JV v. Cornerstone at Brack - 4:30 p.m.
Tuesday, February 24 –
Biology Simulation
SREB Career and Technology Visit - all day
Early College High School Parent Night - 6:30 - 7:30 p.m. in Cafeteria
Boys Varsity Basketball Playoff Game v. Pleasanton - South San Gym at 7 p.m.
Girls Varsity Softball v. Edison - 7:15 p.m. at Sports Complex Field #1; JV game at 5:30 p.m. at Sports Complex Field #1
Girls Varsity Soccer v. Harlandale - Memorial Stadium at 5 p.m.; JV at Tejeda - 7 p.m.
Boys Varsity Soccer v. Harlandale - Memorial Stadium at 7p.m.; JV at Tejeda - 5 p.m.
Girls Freshman Soccer v. Burbank at Brack - 5 p.m.
Wednesday, February 25 –
STAAR-A Student Tutorials - Rm. 109 from 1 - 4 p.m.
Instructional Coach Learning Academy - Location and Time TBD
Thursday, February 26 –
ELA English I Expository Writing Essentials Professional Development - Cooper Learning Center, 8 a.m. - 4 p.m.
Counselor Training on Princeton Review – Cooper Learning Center 8 a.m.– 4:30 p.m.
HS Counselor Meeting – Cooper Learning Center, 3p.m. – 4:30 p.m.
STAAR-A Student Tutorials – Rm. 109 from 1 -4 p.m.
Special Called CLT Meeting – 4:30 p.m. in Library
Districtwide GEAR Up Parent Event – 4:00 – 8:00 p.m. (using Cafeteria, MPR, Auditorium, GO Center and six upstairs classrooms)
Varsity Softball at Judson/EC Tournament
Varsity Baseball at SAISD Tourney – Spring Sports Complex
Friday, February 27 –
US History Simulation
ELA English II Persuasive Writing Essentials Professional Development – Cooper Learning Center, 8 a.m. – 4 p.m.
AP Learning Institute – Café College, 4:30 – 6 p.m.
JV and Varsity Tennis at Uvalde HS Invitational – all day
Varsity Softball at Judson/EC Tournament
Varsity Baseball at SAISD Tourney – Spring Sports Complex
Boys Varsity Soccer v. Lanier – Sports Complex Field #2 – 5:30 p.m.; JV game at Brack – 7 p.m.
Girls Varsity Soccer v. Lanier – Sports Complex Field # 2 – 7:30 p.m.; JV game at Brack – 5 p.m.
Freshman Girls Soccer v. Edison at Edison – 5 p.m.
JV and Varsity Boys/Girls Track at Boerne Track Meet – Boerne Champion HS
Saturday, February 28 -
SAT Princeton Review Practice Test – 7:30 a.m. – 2 p.m.
JV and Varsity Tennis at Uvalde HS Invitational – all day
Varsity Softball at Judson/EC Tournament
Varsity Baseball at SAISD Tourney – Spring Sports Complex
Freshman Boys Soccer v. Edison at Brack – 10:00 a.m.
Notable Fun Fact -
In the Express News this week, it was reported that the credited visionary of the world famous San Antonio Riverwalk is a Brackenridge alum – Robert H.H. Hugman was the architect and public planner behind the Riverwalk, the redesign of Woodlawn Lake, and Concepcion Park.
The link below guides you to a new page designed for scholarship, career and employment opportunities for students.
G.W. Brackenridge High School will educate every student to be self-sufficient, strengthen every student to be competitive in all challenges of mind and heart, and nurture every student to value wisdom in a diverse world through multiple pathways that incorporate 21st Century skills, a globally sensitive curriculum and service learning.
Middle Schools
Page MS
Poe MS
Elementary Schools
Bonham ES (PK-8)
Douglass ES
Green ES
Herff ES
Highland Park ES
Japhet ES
Riverside Park ES
Smith ES
We are with you heart and soul
We will fight and win our goal
Ranking high you know why;
Just because you carried through
All those things that are great and good
Brackenridge, here's success to you
BHS, o'er the rest
In the game of life we lead
Fighting fair do-or-dare
Thanks to thee and to thy creed
We will go but we know in a pleasant
Will be always within our hearts
Of the days we spent with thee
Onward eagles, onward eagles
Fight right through that line
Circle right around those end boys
Touchdown sure this time! Rah! Rah!
Tackle down them, hold them, ground
Now let them free
Onward you eagles onto victory
Fight for the purple and white
Fight! Fight! Fight!
The School (this article was taken from ACCD.edu):
A more amusing anecdote concerns a(nother) San Antonio public high school and–surprisingly– the eighteenth century African-American poetess, Phillis Wheatley. Even though she entered childhood as a slave to a New England merchant family, from whom she took her surname, Wheatley is generally considered one of the most important American poets of the eighteenth century. Her collection of poetry, Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral (1773), was probably the first book by an African-American to be published. As a result of her accomplishment, when the original Brackenridge High School on the city's south side, which had been built in 1919, was replaced with a new structure during the 1970's, the District decided to rename it Phillis Wheatley High School, in honor of the first African-American author. Unfortunately, the name change did not please the close-knit alumni of the original Brackenridge campus, many of whom had attended the old school decades earlier, when that area of town was a prominent middle-class neighborhood. They simply wanted to hold on to the prominent local name with which they identified their high school traditions of years past. Their influence was strong enough that the San Antonio Independent School District changed the name of the new facility, located a few blocks east of the King William Historic District, back to Brackenridge High School, (in 1988) and the black poetess' name was (chang


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Quick View Princess-Opoly In stock online $24.95 Princess themed opoly game! See Details $24.95 was $24.95
Tips for store searching: Check that you entered your information correctly. If your postal code might be further than 25kms from a store, try entering a city name instead. If there are no matches in your city, try the next closest major city.


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Our direct oceanfront (not a side view), third-floor condo is decorated with a beach theme. Enjoy the ocean view from the comfort of your spacious, private, furnished 8' x 13' balcony.
Watch dolphins swimming by, pelicans cruising the sky, and turtles hatching. See the rocket launches from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station from the balcony. Check out the ships entering and exiting Port Canaveral.
Looking for a quiet family-type beach location? Take a stroll on the clean, sandy beach or enjoy the heated pool, hot tub, and sauna located beachside and just relax. This is a FULLY equipped condo. All linens for bath and kitchen are included.
For entertaining kids, there are surf lessons, kayak rentals, mini golf, and bicycle rentals available nearby. Orlando theme parks (Disney World, Universal Studios, and Sea World) are just an hour drive.
We live 8 miles from our condo and check often to be sure it and its contents are to our standards. Thank you to our guests who make suggestions or requests.
Cape Canaveral Public Library is within walking distance and offers books, magazines, movies, and computers for public use.
Our condo offers free wireless internet.
**Our condo has met all safety standards as required to operate in
the State of Florida. We are a licensed owner/operator. DBPR license
I wanted to send you a message that we really enjoyed our stay at your condo this week. Everyone enjoyed the beach, pool and nicer weather too, we even saw the rocket launch on Thursday (I was checking on that, hoping it would happen while we were down there). The condo was perfect for all of our needs and felt at home there, so thank you.
On a side note I think we enjoyed "Rusty's" the best out of the local restaurants we tried. Went there Thursday night, nice weather, live music and good food. A nice way to end our trip.
Thanks again.
Beachcombing (of course!)
Surf lessons and rentals
Jet ski rentals
Airboat Eco Tours
Orlando Theme Park attractions
Kennedy Space Center
Golf & mini golf
River Tours
Merritt Island National Wildlife Refuge
Cocoa Beach Pier
Casino Cruses
Deep Sea Fishing
Pier Fishing
Old Cocoa Village Shops & Restaurants
Flea Market
Ron Jon Surf Shop


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No such thing as a small change | |
PerlMonks |
Comment on |
( #3333=superdoc: print w/ replies, xml ) | Need Help?? |
After some discussion with merlyn on IRC, I came up with the following.
Which actually, I think, shows some errors in 3 .out files on your site Update: That code does not handle the following case In reply to Re: Challenge Problem: Merging Network Addresses
by gbarr


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I thought those worded pillows looked very stiff, almost like a garbage can. I think they could have done better with some beautiful florals. To the OP: is there any type of comforter/Duvet on the bed, or is this the new triple sheeting they keep mentioning, which basically means, bottom sheet, top sheet, blanket and then another top sheet. If so that explains the plainness of the bedding.
Same here, though I'll wait to see a "bigger picture" view to form my final opinion of the new look. I'm really going to miss the backlit bamboo-look closet doors though, and the green tile in the bathroom. (I know some people hate the green tile, but I love it!)
I agree -- the backlit yellow paneled closet doors were so pretty. I think they are theming the rooms less to please all the people who complained about the old rooms. My family actually liked them (except for the bedspreads).
Thanks for posting the pics! Looks very nice. When we stayed, paint had peeled in bathroom, and on door, very bad patch work! Looks nice & fresh now. More pics please Would like one from door looking longways into the room to get a better look of room, with dresser, day bed, chairs, etc!! Did they replace main room doors? Anything done in halls?
The rooms have the RFID entry now. This works very well (so far). At the check in desks they now have RFID readers, so instead of asking for your room number, they ask to scan your key card. Today Engineering came and installed a bar code on the inside door jamb - it is so they can scan to make sure the luggage goes to the right room. According to the CM's. the rooms are lighter on purpose. We have stayed here many times through different iterations, and the room feels bigger. The bathroom really is larger, and those are towel bars in front of the sinks. Look for the hairdryer in the closet. Still no separate area to get ready if someone is in the bathroom. I will need to clean up a little and then I can get more pics of the room.
I was having trouble viewing the pics when using Internet Explorer. I switched over to Google Chrome and had no problem. Hope this helps.
It looks great! We will be there in June and I can't wait. Any chance you can snap a picture of the new day bed? Thanks for posting!
I am looking forward to more pictures of the room! Not sure I am a fan of the brown in the bathroom, but when viewed in the context of the entire space, I think it works. There needed to be something to offset all the white/beige. I really didn't notice the difference in the closet doors as some mentioned. Were the panels more green before? It appears to me, if anything, it allows more light from the closet area into the mini hallway. Thanks for sharing!
I loved the green tile too! I think the rooms needed updating, but not a fan of the more modern, non-themed, black/white look. Hoping to see additional pictures that change my mind - I really want to like the new rooms.
Wooohooo!!!!!!!!!!!! No more ugly bedspreads!!!!!! Now this is a real competition for me between the Polynesian and the Beach Club!! Ugh, my decision just got a lot harder....


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12.2 miles
Suffolk Yurt Holidays
Woodbridge, Suffolk, England Show on map
4.5 miles
Cliff House Holiday Park
Dunwich, Suffolk, England Show on map
Try increasing your search radius to within 25, 35, 45, 55 miles of Leiston.
Try widening your geographic area to: Suffolk, or East Anglia, or England.
Remove all or some of the search filters: Remove Spectacular scenery
Click once to select your first day, and again for your departure day.


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Online Planner
Welcome to the NSBA 2015 Annual Conference Online Planner. Please take a moment to review the following:
You must create an Online Planner profile, both to search for sessions and to create a personal conference schedule. When you have completed your profile, your user name will be your email address.
The Online Planner allows you to create a personal conference schedule. You can select the sessions you plan to attend, exhibitors you would like to visit, and create personal appointments or tasks you'd like to complete.
The Online Planner is a planning tool only and does not register you for sessions, luncheons or site visits that may require pre-registration and/or a separate fee. Entry into some sessions is on a first-come, first-serve basis.
CREATE A PROFILE, or if you created a profile last year, login below:
Forgot your Password? Get it now!


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Senior Member
He came back at his leisure to back cap something, kill a few people, then disconnect for another 5 minutes after he singlehandedly shifted the tide to his team's favor. As we pushed back he would again reconnect, do the same thing. Backcap something, terrorize us, be unkillable. Then he disconnects again. I guess playing Kass no longer requires you to participate for the full length of the game.
Kass is a little too strong on dominion. With the way dom is set up, he can be across the map in a couple of seconds, and you can't counter his poke due to the silence.
I played a game one time and our Kass was AFK the entire game. We STILL won! Clearly this shows how OP Kass is.
this has happened in more then one game shoot i've had my internet crash like 3 times when playing and then carried to victory as kass
I never get honor playing Kass no matter how friendly or helpful I am. The sight of me makes people vomit. It's surprising I haven't had my account banned yet.
Redeemed In Fire


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AWKWORD - Dedication
Artist: AWKWORD
Producer: Dismas & Trilian
Album: World View [Bonus Disc]
Avg Rating: 4.4 ( 8 votes )
NYC underground mainstay AWKWORD has been hard at work on World View, his 100%-for-charity digital full-length, for five years. Now that's what I call Dedication. After half a decade of perseverance, he's finally secured a release date for the set and, to celebrate, he's premiering a brand new single in the DJBooth complete with the official art work (above). Here, a pensive piano beat by Romania's Dismas and Serbia's Trillian backs AWK as he tells the story of Hezues R. An underprivileged youth raised in the 'hood by a single mother, he was inspired to found the charity Guns 4 Cameras after nearly losing his life; he was shot at 22 times at close range with a 22 at age 22. Brooklyn emcee Centri laces the final verse with a harrowing personal narrative from the street. Sponsored by The DJ Booth and Morgan Stanley, World View will be released for digital purchase on February 2, 2014 with all proceeds from its sale going to Guns 4 Cameras.
AWKWORD DownloadsPremiereIndieLyrical
Written by richard on 12/19/13
Submit your Rating
Sub-City Productions
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Doctor Doctor" (2011)
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O'Farrell under fire over carbon tax claims
PUBLISHED: 15 Sep 2011 00:02:38 | UPDATED: 15 Sep 2011 10:21:27PUBLISHED: 15 Sep 2011 PRINT EDITION: 15 Sep 2011NSW Premier Barry O'Farrell has been criticised for failing to disclose documents that contradicted his claim that a carbon tax would lift transport fares by up to $150 a year.
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People | Barry O'Farrell, Greg Combet, John Robertson |
Topics | Politics /NSW Politics , Politics /Federal Politics , Transport, Economy /Taxation , Politics /Legislation , Environment |


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risk assessments Companies in Delaware
Vose Risk Consulting and Software
based in Gent, BELGIUM
Vose Software specializes in quantitative risk analysis software tools. Our primary goal is to provide products that help clients make better, more informed decisions in the face of uncertainty and risk. Based on our many years of consulting experience solving client problems and teaching risk analysis courses, Vose Software provides both commercial software solutions and ...
based in Chicago, ILLINOIS (USA)
Enablon is the world's leading provider of Sustainability, EH&S and Operational Risk Management Software. More than 1,000 global companies and 1 million users rely on Enablon software solutions to manage their environmental and social performance, minimize risks and improve profitability. Enablon offers the most comprehensive platform in the industry, and is consistently ...
High Prairie Environmental LLC
based in Fort Collins, COLORADO (USA)
High Prairie Environmental LLC is a small business that`s big on experience in environmental consulting throughout the United States and worldwide. We provide services in ecological risk assessment, ecological restoration, environmental permitting, project management, environmental impact assessment, sensitive species surveys, and much more.
CSRware, Inc.
based in San Francisco, CALIFORNIA (USA)
CSRware offers Conflict Minerals Management, Supply Chain and Energy & Sustainability software with EH&S integration. Meet CMRT, SEC reporting or other regulatory deadlines quickly, easily and accurately. To do your job well, you need accurate information at the right time. Unfortunately, that information lives in an ever-increasing mess of fragmented spreadsheets, ...
BREEZE Software and Data / Trinity Consultants
based in Dallas, TEXAS (USA)
BREEZE® modeling software predicts the impact of air emissions, fires, and explosions. Air dispersion models such as AERMOD/ISC and CALPUFF include many productivity-enhancing features such as fully integrated GIS capabilities. BREEZE Incident Analyst and LFG Fire/Risk products are used to analyze numerous accident scenarios including dense/jet gas releases, LNG ruptures, ...
LRQA Limited
based in Coventry, UNITED KINGDOM
Lloyd`s Register Quality Assurance (LRQA) is the world`s leading provider of independent assessment services including certification, validation, verification and training across a broad spectrum of standards and schemes, with recognition from over 50 accreditation bodies.
PE International AG
based in Leinfelden-Echterdingen, GERMANY
PE are the leading sustainability performance management company, a trusted partner and supplier to over 40% of the fortune 500 companies. We help companies to create business value by enabling them to architect their business to succeed sustainably – Increase sales through product innovation, brand enhancement through improved reputation, reduced cost through operational ...
3E Company
based in Carlsbad, CALIFORNIA (USA)
3E Company's comprehensive suite of data products and information services enable improved compliance with global Environmental Health & Safety (EH&S) requirements related to the safe manufacturing, distribution, transportation, usage and disposal of chemicals and hazardous products. This full chemical lifecycle approach enables in-house EH&S staff to reduce cost, risk ...
Rivo Software Ltd.
based in Warwick, UNITED KINGDOM
Rivo Software is a world leading enterprise safety, security and sustainability platform. We unlock value by providing technology for managing safety, security and sustainability, resulting in increased efficiency, performance and protection of people, assets and reputations. We use our expertise to continually evolve our technology platform maintaining superior quality ...
Medgate, Inc
based in Toronto, ONTARIO (CANADA)
Medgate is the industry's leading Environmental Health and Safety software solution, used by health & safety professionals across a wide range of industries around the world. Our software is developed and implemented by accredited EHS professionals with real world experience. With Medgate software, you can: Integrate data between EHS functions, standardize workflows and ...


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Skip to main content
The Dickinson Press
Baby bank: $5,000 nest egg for newborns being weighed for study
Thumbs down for Legacy Fund change: Committee says 'do not pass' in 15-4 vote
Survey: Some students turned away from polls in ND election
Fire near railroad likely started by train spark
Librarian charged with entering homes looking for books
More Topics
North Dakota
Senate fails to override Obama's veto of Keystone pipeline bill
Kemp: U.S. shale producers get no relief from rising Brent
Pipeline company didn't use remote sensors before leak
Decision on plastic plant location may be delayed
Oklahoma company sets sights on ending flaring in Bakken
More Topics
Holten: Our most valuable gift
Letter: Taxpayer protection, not a 'gag'
Schneider and Onstad: Democrats' proposals make steady progress
Hoeven: Keystone XL about energy, jobs, economic growth and energy security
Jacobs: Good advice from the governor about higher ed
More Topics
Ars longa, game brevis: 'The Order: 1886' begs question 'How long should a game really be?'
Journeying the Narrow Path
Strom Center offers QuickBooks camp
Hope: 'Pls send help … for a mere $10,000'
"Big Bird," oil boom, John Waters and more at Fargo Film Festival
More Topics
Matilda "Tillie" Faulhaber
Esther Obrigewitch
Sylvester Anton Schneider
Carol Frenzel
Teresa Jean Odermann Weinand
Second-half strides: Hazen runs away in final 16 minutes en route to win over Richardton-Taylor
Wednesday's scoreboard
Sadowsky scores 37, Night Hawks beat Bucs
Dickinson State's Klein, Farstveet earn honors
Powers: Guardado trades good life for unexpected job
More Topics
Blue Hawks
Improving a county seat: Unincorporated Manning, the small seat of Dunn County, not immune to oil boom growth
Gatekeepers of the refinery: Lab plays large role at Dakota Prairie Refining
Coming soon: Killdeer plans for massive investment this year
Fixing connections in the oilfield: Dakota Energy Technologies repairs threads on drill pipe connections
High Plains Cultural Center serves community that built it
Weather Forecast
Senate fails to override Obama's veto of Keystone pipeline bill
February 21, 2015
US shale leader EOG Resources confidence no match for cheap oil
WILLISTON -- One of the strongest leaders of the U.S. shale revolution has been humbled by plunging oil prices. EOG Resources Inc. slashed its 2015 budget on Wednesday amid cheap crude prices and said its output will not grow this year, mere months after confidently saying it was...
Energy / oil
February 21, 2015 - 11:24pm
Oil Patch triggers migration of seniors to eastern ND
GRAND FORKS — If it wasn't for Grand Forks' public transportation, 84-year-old Arleen Shide doesn't know how she'd leave her home. She doesn't drive anymore, but it's important to her to get out, she said, especially to play Bingo and have meals at the Grand Forks Senior...
Energy / Bakken
February 21, 2015 - 11:13pm
To the rescue: Emergency response personnel fill medical void in Mandaree
MANDAREE — In a way, Mandaree comes out of nowhere, a small turnoff from Highway 22 just inside the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation. For a while, when it came to medical emergencies, it was too far away from any one place. Ambulances would take at least a half-hour to arrive from...
Energy / Bakken
February 21, 2015 - 11:08pm
February 20, 2015
Pending oil rules may have limited disaster
WILLISTON — This week's oil train derailment and resulting explosion in West Virginia are likely to heighten scrutiny of new regulations pending in North Dakota, where the oil was produced, aimed at reducing the chance of such disasters. It is unclear whether the roughly 70,000...
Energy / Bakken
February 20, 2015 - 11:27pm
Film about Bakken up for an Academy Award
WILLISTON — A documentary about the Bakken will be one of the films up for an Oscar Sunday night. "White Earth," a 20-minute film about North Dakota's oil boom from the perspective of three children and an immigrant mother, has received critical acclaim, including an Academy...
Energy / Bakken
February 20, 2015 - 10:21pm
Lab tests show petroleum in Yellowstone River fish
GLENDIVE, Mont. — Lab tests have shown detectable levels of petroleum in the muscle of some of the fish netted in the Yellowstone River downstream from an oil pipeline that ruptured near Glendive in January, spilling an estimated 30,000 gallons. Consequently, the Montana Department...
Energy / Bakken
February 20, 2015 - 10:16pm
February 19, 2015
Gas vapor eyed as factor in West Virginia oil train fireball
WASHINGTON - Federal investigators will examine whether pressurized gas played a role in the massive blast that followed the derailment of a train carrying crude oil through West Virginia this week, the U.S. Transportation Department said on Thursday. Questioning the possible role...
Energy / Bakken
February 19, 2015 - 11:16pm
Proposed pipeline would send Bakken oil east through Canada
WILLISTON — A proposed pipeline from the same company behind the Keystone XL would connect Bakken crude with markets now reached only by rail. TransCanada Corp. plans to seek approval for the $600 million Upland Pipeline that would carry oil from south of Williston and head north...
Energy / Bakken
February 19, 2015 - 9:35pm
CSX notifies W. Virginia officials of plans to bypass derailment
NEW YORK -- CSX has notified West Virginia officials of its plans to bypass the scene of a crude train derailment and continue deliveries to eastern Virginia, according to the West Virginia Division of Homeland Security and Emergency Management. A train carrying North Dakota crude...
Energy / oil
February 19, 2015 - 11:36am
February 18, 2015
Feds fine XTO $1.3M for delaying audit
The federal government fined XTO Energy Inc. $1.3 million this month for failing to provide data for an audit in a timely manner, the U.S. Department of Interior announced Wednesday. The company, a top 10 Bakken producer, didn't send the auditors lease information for an audit...
Energy / Bakken
February 18, 2015 - 5:24pm
Paulson now top shareholder in ND's largest oil producer
WILLISTON — Hedge fund Paulson & Co. has boosted its stake in Whiting Petroleum Corp. to become the No. 1 shareholder in North Dakota's largest oil producer, taking advantage of plunging crude prices that have pummeled the company's stock. Paulson, which also holds large...
Energy / Bakken
February 18, 2015 - 4:54pm
400 gallons of diesel spilled at tank farm
ALEXANDER — A diesel spill has been reported at a bulk fuel storage tank farm in McKenzie County. Danco Transport release 400 gallons of diesel after a valve was left open as a truck was offloading fuel into the tank farm in Alexander, according to a news release sent out on Wednesday....
Energy / Bakken
February 18, 2015 - 4:53pm
February 17, 2015
Train that derailed in West Virginia hauled newer-model cars, officials say
An oil train was still on fire and leaking in West Virginia on Tuesday, a day after it derailed and erupted in flames, according to CSX Corp., which said the train was hauling newer model tank cars, not the older versions widely criticized as prone to puncture. The train, which was...
Energy / Bakken
February 17, 2015 - 11:25pm
'Suspicious activity' may have caused spills in ND
TIOGA — "Suspicious activity" may be to blame for two oil-related spills reported in Williams County over the weekend that released produced water and affected at least one nearby wetland. The incidents were two of five significant spills reported Tuesday by state officials. Hess...
Energy / Bakken
February 17, 2015 - 11:09pm
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38 year old woman | Hamilton, NJ, USA | Seeking men 35-45 within 50 miles of Browns Mills, NJ
Why hello!
Hello! I'm not really comfortable with this whole dating scene but I thought it was worth a try. Why not, right? This is how people find each other these days isn't it? About me? Well, I'm a hardworking licensed massage therapist. I'm a very honest person and expect the same from the person that I chose to be with. I'm fun loving and am looking for the right person to share the experiences of life with. I enjoy traveling but am also happy about spending quiet time at home. I love the arts and music...very varied tastes. And I'm a dog lover to the core. I also like yoga and the outdoors. Looking for that special someone. I hope you're out there :-)
Camping , Coffee and conversation , Cooking , Dining out , Movies/Videos , Museums and art , Music and concerts , Exploring new areas , Travel/Sightseeing , Volunteering , Wine tasting
Walking / Hiking, Yoga
I exercise 1-2 times per week.
I have Dogs
Love dogs. Current love of my life is my 3 year old Australian Shepherd! But, no worries...I still have room in my heart for the right person!
Love yoga, the outdoors and the arts.
Her | What she is looking for | |
Appearance | ||
Height: | 5'6" (167cms) | 3'0" (91cms) to 8'11" (271cms) |
Body type: | About average | Slender, About average, Athletic and toned, A few extra pounds |
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Hair: | Dark blonde | No preference |
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Smoke: | No Way | No Way, Occasionally, Cigar aficionado |
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Ethnicity: | White / Caucasian | White / Caucasian |
Faith: | Spiritual but not religious | No preference |
Languages: | English | English |
Education: | Some college | No preference |


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UN May Deploy Troops During Syria Ceasefire
'Peacekeeping' Options Being Considered, Officials Say
With just three days left before Eid al-Adha, it still isn't clear if the proposed Syria ceasefire will happen or not. If it does, however, UN officials say they are considering deploying troops to the nation to try to keep it going.
UN special envoy Lakhdar Brahimi has been pushing a brief pause for the multi-day Muslim holiday in hopes that it would give the assorted rebel factions and the regime an opportunity to consider negotiations. Much of the international community is behind the effort but while both regime and rebels have given lip-service to the idea, neither has committed yet.
UN Peacekeeping Chief Herve Ladsous says that his department is considering several possible options in the event a sustained ceasefire emerges, though he said the exact size of any military deployments is yet to be determined.
During the last ceasefire, the UN sent a handful of "monitors," and while fighting was often down in the parts of the country where the monitors happened to be, the ceasefire eventually crumbled, with rebel factions disavowing the deal and beginning a major new offensive.
Last 5 posts by Jason Ditz
- Ukraine Military, Rebels Continue Withdrawing Heavy Arms - February 28th, 2015
- Despite Tensions, Israel Keeps Pushing US for Massive Military Subsidies - February 28th, 2015
- 35 Killed as al-Qaeda Overruns US-Backed Syrian Rebel Bases - February 28th, 2015
- White House: No Alternative to Iran Negotiations - February 27th, 2015
- Former MI6 Chief: MI5 Didn't Radicalize Jihadi John - February 27th, 2015


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China no longer feeds the M&A dragon
PUBLISHED: 28 Mar 2013 00:07:40 | UPDATED: 03 Apr 2013 07:04:51PUBLISHED: 28 Mar 2013 PRINT EDITION: 28 Mar 2013A partner at a top five corporate law firm with more than 30 years experience put forward a startling forecast this week that will have bankers, accountants, lawyers and public relations flacks shaking in their boots.
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Companies | UGL Ltd, Ramsay Health Care, Wesfarmers Ltd, Bradken Ltd |
People | Nick Greiner, Brian Hodges |
Topics | Mergers & Acquisitions |


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Created in this Craftsy Course
Paint a stunning floral still life with ease in this FREE class! Learn how to bring color, composition and technique together to create an acrylic work of art.
Other projects made as part of this class:
See All Class Projects »Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
Here are some details about my project: | |
Category | Painting |
Type | Painting |
Subject | Floral |
Material | Acrylic Paint |
This genre in acrylic painting is where my passion is, and I want to learn this art of painting animals so much. Your tiger is looking good and I would love to see a picture of it when it's done. Good job Paula.
Thanks for the comments, would like to post the final picture but do no know howto link another picture to this project, or replace the current one. Any idea?
I just love white tigers! I think they r the most beautiful animals ever seen!! I really love this painting.


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What does PTX mean in Military?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand PTX in the Governmental field in general and in the Military terminology in particular.
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"PTX." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 1 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/170923>.
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alexisbrazel's Mom Answers Activity
How would you describe your life as a mom in just six words?
How can I get my toddler to drink milk?
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Hi! When I first introduced milk to my baby girl she didn't seem to like it much, so I discontinued it for a while. Abut 2 months lat...
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Why is my 20 month old LO vomiting his milk all over CVS? ;) ?
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The beginning of that ? Was supposed to start at "My 20..." but I couldn't erase the whole example ? from babycenter. Ooops
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Best Vintage Pieces For Spring
Waste Not, Shop More: 20 Vintage Finds
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Waste Not, Shop More: 20 Vintage Finds
When it comes to shopping eco, you can't get more environmentally friendly than buying vintage. Vintage pieces are undeniably special, don't use any extra resources or materials to make, and coolest of all, they come with the best stories. In honor of Earth Day, we've rounded up 20 fantastic preloved pieces that are sure to refresh your modern wardrobe — even though they've been around for a while. Click through to shop them all now.
Link Love
- The SF show will focus on the late designer's life — Who What Wear
- We'd totally wear these Reebok trainers to brunch — Lucky
- Why the fashion that's filling your feed is a big deal — The Cut
- We're totally pulling a Solange for our next airport adventure — InStyle
- J.Crew just opened a store in this city for the first time . . . — Racked
- The new tee you can wear every single day of the week — HuffPost Style
- You won't believe which type of denim Eva Mendes prefers — SheFinds
- The fashion world is about to get a treat from Kanye West — Style.com
- Why the next Alexander McQueen exhibit is sure to be cool — Harper's Bazaar
Latest Fashion


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It is hard to go through times of sorrow in life, but they are necessary and perhaps even important to our overall growth and well-being. We hope you will join us in a discussion of Mary Oliver's short but jam-packed poem "The Uses of Sorrow'.
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We had a fantastic time. Oakwood was wonderful. The staff is friendly and helpful. This is not a hotel it is corporate apartments so you are not going to find things like breakfast etc. However it was nice to have the local experience and have an apartment. You get a full kitchen with everything you need. It's all there right... More
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Publications (1)1.58 Total impact
Article: Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy in early invasive cervical cancer.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy is one surgical procedure currently performed to treat gynecologic cancer. The objective of this review was to update the current knowledge of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy in early invasive cervical cancer. Articles indexed in the MEDLINE database using the key words "Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy" and "Cancer of the cervix" were reviewed. Studies of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy for treatment of early cervical cancer with a minimum study population of 10 patients were selected. The laparoscopic approach was associated with less surgical morbidity (surgical bleeding) and with shorter length of hospital stay, although the duration of the operation may be longer. Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy with endoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy, and paraaortic lymphadenectomy if needed, is a safe surgical option for treatment and staging of early invasive cervical cancer considering surgical risk, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and patient recovery. It is important to respect the learning curve. Surgical advances including new laparoscopic instrumentation and, in particular, use of robotics will contribute to reducing the duration of the operation and to facilitating learning and teaching of the procedure.Journal of Minimally Invasive Gynecology 07/2011; 18(5):555-68. · 1.58 Impact Factor
Publication Stats
7 | Citations | |
1.58 | Total Impact Points | |


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2003 4-Coin Platinum American Eagle Set MS-69 NGC
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Your purchase will match the quality of the product you see here. It will not be this exact item.
Product Details
Each coin in this set has been graded a Near Perfect Mint State-69 by NGC. This hard to find set features John Mercanti's rendition of the Statue of Liberty.
Platinum -- why buy Platinum from APMEX?
Platinum is one of the world's favorite bullion investments and is a popular way to diversify one's wealth. Call our Account Managers toll free at (800) 375-9006 or click on the "Live Chat" button. APMEX is where to buy Precious Metals! Also, you can come to us when it is time to sell Gold, Silver, Platinum, and Palladium.Specifications
Product ID: | 80818 |
Year: | 2003 |
Grade: | MS-69 |
Grade Service: | NGC |
Mint Mark: | None |
Metal Content: | 1.85 troy oz |
Purity: | .9995 |
Manufacturer: | U.S. Mint |
Thickness: | 2.38 mm |
Diameter: | 32.7 mm |


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Project Runway Flashback: Jillian
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Project Runway Flashback: Jillian
With only three days to go before the Project Runway finale, I'm going crazy with anticipation over which designer will reign supreme. Will it be Jillian's classic looks, Rami's draping, or Christian's bold designs? To get a sense of how each designer has evolved over the course of the season, I've gathered all their looks together, and in order, so we can reflect on who's got the chops to be the ProjRun champ. First up today: Jillian. To see what her sewing machine has brought us over the past three months, just hit "Start."
6 years
Jillian wasn't my favourite on the show, but I think her final runway collection was the best and I really hope she wins. She's definitely got the biggest range of the three and can appeal to the most people.
6 years
Jillian is my favorite designer this season. Her best designs are the one s from the outdated episode and the Hersheys challenge, but that is just my opinion. I wasn't a fan of her Levis 501 look and, even though the judges liked it, the what's the skinny challenge. Even though she is my favorite I don't have the greatest faith in her because I like most people think that Christian is going to win.
6 years
I wanted chris to win, but since he was sent home last week, I was starting to root for Jillian. Now that I look back through this slideshow, I think I am going to change my mind. She's not nearly as vibrant as I remember her being. I can't wait to see the other two Buzz! :)
Link Love
- The Blade Runner sequel also officially has a director — Moviefone
- Serial fans will love this true-crime miniseries — HuffPost Entertainment
- Which artist is pulling a Taylor Swift on Spotify? — Vulture
- The 25 greatest moments of the Alien franchise — Hitfix
- 4 unwritten rules Hollywood needs to forget about — Cracked
- Is it the end for Dr. Herman on Grey's Anatomy? — BuddyTV
- You might be surprised by Nina Dobrev's favorite costar — The Vampire Diaries
- 20-year-old Amy Poehler's scene for a pilot is pure gold — Splitsider
- The Internet reacts to Leonard Nimoy's death — POPSUGAR Tech
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Written on: 04/10/2008 by gibson23 (1 review written)
Good Points
Fantastic full sound.
Easy and playable neck.
Stock pick ups are top quality and provide a great sound.
A guitar you will probably keep for a long time.
Bad Points
Price, this aint a cheap guitar.
Quality on some gibson guitars can be questionable so its best to shop around and try as many as you can before parting with your cash.
General Comments
Had my Les Paul since 2004 (now 2008) loved every second playing this guitar live or in the studio. I can't stress enough that if you're shopping for a Les Paul please make sure you don't buy the first one you come across unless you know what to look for, some Gibsons i have come across have had questionable quality, such as unfinished frets, Nuts not cut to the right quality, inperfections in the finish. I would strongly advise not to go for any Les Paul lower then the standard model.
Written on: 19/10/2008
I found this review helpful because...there are a lot of models and i am weary of this.
As rated by real users
" Best for all ages " Read More
Written by OwensJohn
" Great to play, Happy to find another. " Read More
" Reincarnation " Read More
" Gibson Nighthawk Studio " Read More
" Improve the look of your Soapbar SEII " Read More
Written by spirogiro


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Read the comments made by Sonagi and King Baeksu in this thread on ROKDrop.
Personally, I think the effort to promote the use of the term "East Sea" overseas is a bit silly and probably a waste of resources better spent on more important issues like the "Comfort Women." That said, I find the Japanese reaction—essentially, threatening economic cooperation with the Commonwealth of Virginia—also interesting, since I'm often assured that Japan is the mature party here.
And say what you will about Koreans and Korean-Americans bringing their "old country" hangups to the United States, but it's not a new phenomenon:
The furor is relatively over very low stakes. After all, it's about adding the label East Sea next to Sea of Japan on maps, not even replacing it. But it serves as a symbol of the new ethnic politics in the United States. For decades, politicians appealing for votes from ethnic communities had to take certain stands on foreign policy issues. Every politician in Massachusetts would be adamantly against British policy in Northern Ireland, every elected official on Long Island would ardently support the State of Israel and California politicos would do their utmost to appropriately commemorate the Armenian Genocide. This is simply a new variation on that old pattern and marks the increasing importance of Asian-American voters in electoral politics.


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The University of Texas at Austin has just placed the director of student financial aid on paid administrative leave in connection with a brewing nationwide student loan scandal. New York Attorney General Andrew Cuomo yesterday sent a letter to the University of Texas (UT) alleging that Lawrence W. Burt received stock from Student Loan Xpress Inc., a company that is included on the university's preferred lender list. In a statement released today, UT President William Powers Jr. said, "It is important that the university ensure the integrity of its financial aid program and maintain unimpeachable practices on behalf of students and their families." THE BLOTTER RECOMMENDS Blotter Ivy League Official Cited in Student Loan Scandal Blotter National Probe: Colleges Take 'Kickbacks' From Student Loan Lenders Click Here to Check Out Brian Ross Slideshows Powers authorized Vice Chancellor and General Counsel Barry D. Burgdorf of the University of Texas System to lead the investigation into the matter. ABC News reported yesterday the executive director of Columbia University's financial aid department was suspended for allegedly profiting from Student Loan Xpress. Click Here for Full Blotter Coverage. David Charlow, the senior associate dean for student affairs at Columbia University, allegedly netted $100,000 by selling 7,500 stock options and 2,500 stock warrants granted to him by the Education Lending Group in 2001, officials said. Student Loan Xpress was formerly a subsidiary of the Education Lending Group and is now part of the CIT Group, a New Jersey-based financial services firm. The New York Attorney General's Office also sent a letter to the University of Southern California yesterday, stating that it had learned Ms. Catherine Thomas, the associate dean and director of financial aid at USC, may have improperly received significant amounts of stock from Student Loan Xpress, also on the USC's list of preferred lenders. USC released a statement yesterday saying, "We have just received a copy of the Attorney General's letter and will now review the information in the letter and respond."
Top University Suspends Official in Student Loan Scandal Probe
Apr 5, 2007 5:51pm
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Treasury to auction The Hartford warrants
Published: September 20,2010
Tags: bailout, banking and finance, economy, recession, TARP
WASHINGTON — The Treasury Department announced it would auction 52 million warrants it holds from The Hartford Financial Services Group tomorrow. It is the latest effort to recoup costs of the $700 billion financial bailout.
In its announcement today, Treasury set a minimum bid price of $10.50 per warrant. A warrant gives the purchaser the right to buy common stock at a fixed price.
The government obtained the warrants when it provided Connecticut-based Hartford Financial $3.4 billion in support from the bailout fund in June 2009. That was done to help shore up its capital position during the financial crisis.
Sale of the warrants will sever the remaining ties Hartford Financial has with the bailout fund, known as the Troubled Asset Relief Program. Financial institutions have been eager to cut all ties to the TARP to escape various restrictions, including limits on dividend payments and executive compensation.
By purchasing the warrants, holders will have the right to buy an equal amount of shares of Hartford Financial at a price of $9.79.
Hartford Financial stock closed on Friday at $22.50 and over the past year has traded in a range of $18.81 to $30.46.
The government stepped in to help the insurance companies after they incurred large investment losses during the financial crisis.
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Author Comments
Grow crops, send the children to school, buy and sell at the market, construct buildings and found a dynasty.
I made this in 4 days for the kongregate game jam (was a 10 day competition, but I didn't start until Thursday). Then I spent 2 weeks fixing all the bugs.
Instructions: Use the mouse. Click things. Figure it out. Sorry, not enough time to make a tutorial.
You need money to send your children to school.
Rated 5 / 5 stars
When there are too many graves, do you lose? And do you win? I completed all the research. When can I found a dynasty >-< I have a mill, a well, some graves, trees crops pigs. What else do I need cuz im outta clues >_<
BTW, I like this game. Wish there was atleast a WAY to get rid of the tombstones ( I sound bad ) but you should make it a hard process to get rid of a tombstone. Like 1000$ to have them relocated, then its a town option to visit Cemetary. I personally think its a good idea :P
Rated 5 / 5 stars
I like farmng game.....thumbs up here ur perfect 5 star......u deserve it
Rated 5 / 5 stars
How should i put it . There few flash games where i forget about time and feeling very disappointing when it ends its quite short but man keep it up with games like this arcade games are boring but this strategy/simulator is just awesome


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A protest movement demanding new elections in Thailand has abandoned negotiations with the prime minister and said on Tuesday it will instead will resume its massive street demonstrations.
Jatuporn Prompan, one of the leaders of the so—called Red Shirts, said on Tuesday that two televised face—to—face meetings with Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva, and aides would not be followed up on Thursday "because both sides now have different goals."
"Our demand is for the parliament dissolution to take place within 15 days," he said. Mr. Abhisit had offered on Monday to dissolve parliament by the end of the year, prompting new election.
The Red Shirt protesters - formally known as the United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship - have been holding street demonstrations in the Thai capital for the past two and a half weeks. On two or three occasions, they have mustered as many as 100,000 people, short of the 1 million that the protest leaders had called for, but among the biggest demonstrations in Thailand in the past few decades.
Jatuporn said another massive gathering is set for Saturday, with its exact nature to be announced later.
"How we will step up our measures will also be told when we begin our operations, but we confirm they will be based on nonviolent principles," he said.
The Red Shirts believe that Mr. Abhisit came to power illegitimately with the connivance of the military and other parts of the traditional ruling class and that only new elections can restore integrity to Thai democracy.
The movement consists largely of supporters former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra, ousted by a 2006 military coup, and pro-democracy activists who opposed the army takeover. Its leaders have portrayed the demonstrations as a struggle between Thailand's impoverished, mainly rural masses - who benefited from Mr. Thaksin's policies of cheap health care and low—interest village loans - and a Bangkok—based elite insensitive to their plight.
Mr. Thaksin's allies won elections in 2007 to restore democracy, but two successive governments formed in the wake were dismantled by court rulings. Mr. Abhisit's party formed a coalition government by parliamentary vote in late 2008.
The Thai government, meanwhile, extended use of a stringent security law in the Bangkok area until April 7.
Deputy Prime Minister Suthep Thaugsuban, says the Cabinet voted on Tuesday to approve an extension of the Internal Security Act, which was initially invoked ahead of protests that started on March 12.
The security law allows the prime minister to use the military to restore order if necessary.
Mr. Suthep said the security law also will be invoked in the seaside town of Hua Hin from April 2—6 for a meeting of Asian leaders from countries that border the Mekong river.
Keywords: Thailand, Abhisit Vejjajiva