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Space rocks hitting Mars excavate fresh craters at a pace of more than 200 per year, but few new Mars scars pack as much visual punch as […]
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Space rocks hitting Mars excavate fresh craters at a pace of more than 200 per year, but few new Mars scars pack as much visual punch as […] As the Curiosity rover gets ever closer to its major destination of Mount Sharp, there is an interesting feature there which has become a priority target, one which may help scientists to further […] In late November, NASA's MAVEN spacecraft is expected to thunder away from Earth on a one-way trip to study the thin atmosphere of Mars, but the next mission to land on the Red Planet's surface […] Video courtesy of AmericaSpace / Wired4Space CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla — United Launch Alliance's ULA Mariner, a ship owned by Foss Marine, delivered the Atlas V 401 rocket which will be used to power NASA's Mars Atmosphere Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) mission on its way to Mars. Launch is currently scheduled to […] CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla — United Launch Alliance (ULA) and NASA greeted the Atlas […] PASADENA, Calif — The larger of the two moons of Mars, Phobos, passes directly in front of the other, Deimos, in a new series of sky-watching images from NASA's Mars rover Curiosity. Like this:Like […] Between them, they have spent nearly five decades sending robotic explorers to almost every planet—and a few "non-planets," too—in our Solar System. Missions bound for Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, […] Much talk of Mars these days seems to focus almost exclusively upon the multi-faceted Curiosity rover, as it unravels the mysterious geological past of Gale Crater, or upon the Opportunity […] var myQTObject = new QTObject( 'http://wpc.50e6.edgecastcdn.net/8050E6/mmedia-http/download/public/videos/2013/05/049/1305_049_AR_EN.mp4′, 'vvq-36853-quicktime-1′, '500', '340'); myQTObject.addParam( 'scale', 'aspect' ); myQTObject.addParam( 'autoplay', 'false' ); myQTObject.addParam( 'controller', 'true' ); myQTObject.write();With all of the attention that NASA's rovers Opportunity and Curiosity have been getting, and deservedly so, we might forget sometimes that there are still other spacecraft orbiting Mars as well. NASA's Mars Odyssey […] |
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Hey baby wats up? By kandi.
posted by Ms. Plies on Oct 15, 2010Hey plies just wanna say i love you.
posted by Ms. Plies on Jan 02, 2010Hey i meant to say dumbass.
posted by ms. Plies on Nov 03, 2009A BRAH ILL PUT IT ON HA 2 CUZ ON DA C
posted by LIL BOO EASTSIDE B\' on Sep 22, 2009aint no need fo yo comment if you aint got shit good 2 say.plies do look way better dan weezy!i love u plies,aka(seExY)!
posted by algernod #2 on May 20, 2009aint no need fo yo comment if you aint got shit good 2 say.plies do look way better dan weezy!i love u plies,aka(seExY)!
posted by algernod #2 on May 20, 2009i love you and your #1 fan
posted by rose(future mrs) on Mar 26, 2009i give it a 3 cuz i dont really like him am in loveb with weezy but u is fine, but not finer than weezy
posted by HOW MUCH I LOVE U on Mar 14, 2009I love you Plies.
posted by Ms. Plies on Feb 19, 2009Hey Plies Happy Valentine Day!! ())--%--- ())--%--- ())--%--- ())--%--- ())--%--- 5 roses cause I truely love you and 5 stars cause you is so sexy and you keep it 100. This Kandi.
posted by Ms. Plies on Feb 13, 2009O MY GOSH I LOVE YOU PLIES YOU CAN DO EVERYTHING WIT ME.....LOL, I'M YOUR # 1 BUST IT BABY PLIES BEST BELIEVE THAT.
posted by Kandi on Feb 08, 2009I already pt it on ya...L0L
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posted by **^Mz.@lgerNoD W@shI on Dec 22, 2008dat song put on ya bang
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posted by fEEL~LiKE~fUCKiN~WiT on Dec 08, 2008wat up myii nigga yu put me on all mine game bout all this fuck nigga tht wat up c fukin baby
posted by carl heard on Dec 05, 2008i loooooooove you plies and put it on ya is my song.
posted by Ms.Desirable on Dec 05, 2008hi im 1 of your biggest fans.i love your music i wish i can see you i love you.
posted by plies on Dec 03, 2008PLIES THAT VIDEO WAZ MADE 4 ME! I LOVE U PLIES!
posted by MRS.STRAWBERRY BABY on Nov 27, 2008I LOVEEEEEEEEEEEEE THERE'S SONGS STOP WRITING COMMMENTS ABOUT PLIES LIKE (THAT PLIES YOU THE GREATEST'S)
posted by IT\'S ME on Nov 26, 2008plies u look so damn good u so sexy
posted by keisha on Nov 24, 2008i wanna fuq u plies!!!!!!
posted by timma on Nov 20, 2008i love you plies i kno u real
posted by iceas on Nov 17, 2008plies i love you
posted by google on Nov 14, 2008

subset: commoncrawl


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The Word Biblical Commentary delivers the best in biblical scholarship, from the leading scholars of our day who share a commitment to Scripture as divine revelation. This series emphasizes a thorough analysis of textual, linguistic, structural, and theological evidence. The result is judicious and balanced insight into the meanings of the text in the framework of biblical theology. These widely acclaimed commentaries serve as exceptional resources for the professional theologian and instructor, the seminary or university student, the working minister, and everyone concerned with building theological understanding from a solid base of biblical scholarship.
Contributor(s) | David Aune |
About the Contributor(s) | David Aune DAVID AUNE is Professor of New Testament and Christian Origins at the University of Notre Dame. He holds an M.A. from Wheaton Graduate School of Theology, an M.A. from the University of Minnesota, and a Ph.D. from the University of Chicago. Among his publications are The New Testament in its Literary Environment and Greco-Roman Literature and the New Testament (editor). |
Release Date | Nov 30, 1998 |
Weight (lbs) | 1.7600 |
Height | 9.1 |
Width | 5.8 |
Length | 504 |
Length Unit | Pages |
Publisher | Thomas Nelson |
Price | $49.99 |
Who It's For | Pastor |
Series | Word Biblical Commentary |
Format | Hardcover |
Language | English |


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Sierra Club starts western Minn. group
WILLMAR -- A western Minnesota group of the Sierra Club has been organized after about 30 people joined on Jan. 30 in Willmar.
The group discussed local environmental issues and ways a local chapter could address them. Afterwards the participants enjoyed an outing at Sibley State Park.
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Avril Lavigne has shot down recent reports claiming she has been in rehab, after not being seen in public for months.
The singer didn't give any details, but wanted to set the record straight.
read moreAvril Lavigne has shot down recent reports claiming she has been in rehab, after not being seen in public for months.
The singer didn't give any details, but wanted to set the record straight.
read moreSinger Avril Lavigne has reportedly revealed to a fan she is suffering from an undisclosed illness.
One of Avril's fans asked the singer about the possibility of new music, with Lavigne revealing she hadn't been feeling well. Is Avril ill or possibly pregnant?
read moreIt was reported earlier this month that Avril Lavigne and Chad Kroeger were heading for divorce after just 14 months of marriage.
Avril celebrated her 30th birthday in Las Vegas on Saturday and the Nickelback rocker was nowhere to be seen.
read moreAvril Lavigne and husband Chad Kroeger have only been married for 14 months and already reportedly "headed for a split".
The Nickelback frontman has been telling people their marriage is over and that they are divorcing.
read moreAvril Lavigne couldn't help but show off her massive 17-carat diamond ring that her husband, Nickelback rocker Chad Kroeger, purchased her for their first wedding anniversary.
Avril's anniversary bling is even larger than her engagement ring.
read moreAvril Lavigne and her husband of less than a year, Chad Kroeger, are rumored to be already having problems in their marriage.
The couple, who married last July, are said to be heading towards a divorce!
read moreKate Hudson Pulls Of Leather Midi Skirt [The Frisky]
5 Seconds Of Summer Release New Music Vid [Hollywire]
Andrew Garfield Tries The Transgender Look [Right Celebrity]
Jason Biggs Tweets In Poor Taste [The Celebrity Cafe]
Leonardo DiCaprio Caught Partying In Cannes [The Blemish]
Elle Fanning Praises Angelina Jolie [The Huffington Post]
Hugh Jackman Gets Drenched During Interview [Anything Hollywood]
Avril Lavigne Sports Gold Bikini [Celeb Jihad]
Nina Agdal Seduces With Iced Tea [Drunken Stepfather]
January Jones Snaps Up LA Home [Radar Online]
read moreDeryck Whibley, the Canadian frontman for the rock band Sum 41, is warning his fans about the dangers of drinking after spending over a month in the hospital.
Whibley, who was previously married to Avril Lavigne, became extremely ill at home after his liver and kidney collapsed.
read moreDolly Parton Fesses Up To Secret Tattoos [The Frisky]
Cody Simpson Talks Recent Breakup [Hollywire]
Review Of Michael Jackson Album [Right Celebrity]
Lana Del Rey Shares New Album Release Date [The Celebrity Cafe]
Ashley Benson Gets Sexy For Complex Mag [The Blemish]
Nicole Kidman New Movie Slammed [The Huffington Post]
Channing Tatum Lands Future X-Men Gig [Anything Hollywood]
Check Out Angelina Jolie's Arms [The Dirty]
Avril Lavigne In A Bikini On A Beach [Celeb Jihad]
Adriana Lima Poses For Vogue Turkey [Drunken Stepfather]
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Bulk band structure and Fermi surface of nickel: A soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission study
ABSTRACT We study the bulk band structure and Fermi surface of nickel metal by soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (SX ARPES). SX ARPES, using tunable photons from hν∼300 to 800 eV, facilitates depth-sensitive in-plane band mapping of Ni(100). Horizontal- and vertical-polarization-dependent studies are used to selectively enhance dipole-allowed transitions. While low-temperature (50 K) results provide band dispersions consistent with the direct transition model, room-temperature (300 K) studies confirm and quantify significant intensity loss due to nondirect transitions. The band maps provide band dispersions and identify all the bands in the Γ-X-W-W-X-Γ quadrant in momentum space. In particular, the results show that a hole pocket derived from the X2↓ down-spin band exists in bulk Ni. This is in contrast to results of surface-sensitive ultraviolet ARPES studies but consistent with other bulk-sensitive measurements. The Z1↓ band is also shown to have depth-sensitive band dispersion and Fermi surface crossings. In addition, the magnetically active Z2↓ down-spin band shows nearly flatband behavior. The Fermi surface and band dispersions determined by the present ARPES measurements are in good agreement with local density approximation band structure calculations. SX ARPES is thus a valuable probe of the intrinsic momentum-resolved electronic structure of solids.
Article: Low-energy bulk plasmon of nickel
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy has been used to study low-energy bulk excitation modes of planar-bound electrons (bulk plasmons) in nickel. We observed for the first time a bulk plasmon at about 1.2eV, in agreement with dielectric theory. The behavior of its amplitude with the off-specular angle ensures the dipolar nature of such mode. On the other hand, the intensity of the plasmon peak is vanishing upon ion bombardment due to the sputtering-induced modification of dielectric function.Solid State Sciences 12/2010; 12(12):2096-2099. · 1.68 Impact Factor - SourceAvailable from: A. ChainaniR. Eguchi, A. Chainani, M. Taguchi, M. Matsunami, Y. Ishida, K. Horiba, Y. Senba, H. Ohashi, S. Shin[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We report the three-dimensional (3D) momentum-resolved soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy of the Fermi liquid LaNiO3 . The out-of-plane and in-plane cuts of the 3D electron- and hole-Fermi surfaces (FSs) are observed by energy- and angle-dependent photoemission measurements. The energy bands forming the electron FS suggest an omega2 dependence of the imaginary part of the self-energy and a ``correlation kink'' at an energy scale of 0.25 eV. In contrast, the bands which form nesting character hole FSs do not show kinks and match local-density approximation calculations. The results indicate a momentum-dependent mass renormalization, leading to electron-hole asymmetry in strongly correlated LaNiO3 .Physical review. B, Condensed matter 03/2009; 79(11). · 3.66 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this overview, I will briefly explore some of the basic concepts and observable effects in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, including references to some key first publications, as well as other papers in this issue that explore many of them in more detail. I will then turn to some examples of several present and promising future applications of this diverse technique. Some of the future areas explored will be the use chemical shifts, multiplet splittings, and hard X-ray excitation in the study of strongly correlated materials; photoelectron diffraction and holography for atomic structure determinations; standing wave and hard X-ray excited photoemission for probing buried interfaces and more bulk-like properties of complex materials; valence-band mapping with soft and hard X-ray excitation; and time-resolved measurements with the sample at high ambient pressures in the multi-torr regime.Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena 05/2010; s 178–179:2–32. · 1.55 Impact Factor
Page 1
Bulk band structure and Fermi surface of nickel: A soft x-ray angle-resolved
photoemission study
N. Kamakura,1,* Y. Takata,1T. Tokushima,1Y. Harada,1A. Chainani,1K. Kobayashi,2and S. Shin1,3
1Soft X-ray Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN/SPring-8, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
2JASRI/SPring-8, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
3Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP), The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8581, Japan
?Received 31 March 2006; revised manuscript received 25 June 2006; published 28 July 2006?
We study the bulk band structure and Fermi surface of nickel metal by soft x-ray angle-resolved photoemis-
sion spectroscopy ?SX ARPES?. SX ARPES, using tunable photons from h??300 to 800 eV, facilitates depth-
sensitive in-plane band mapping of Ni?100?. Horizontal- and vertical-polarization-dependent studies are used to
selectively enhance dipole-allowed transitions. While low-temperature ?50 K? results provide band dispersions
consistent with the direct transition model, room-temperature ?300 K? studies confirm and quantify significant
intensity loss due to nondirect transitions. The band maps provide band dispersions and identify all the bands
in the ?-X-W-W-X-? quadrant in momentum space. In particular, the results show that a hole pocket derived
from the X2↓down-spin band exists in bulk Ni. This is in contrast to results of surface-sensitive ultraviolet
ARPES studies but consistent with other bulk-sensitive measurements. The Z1↓band is also shown to have
depth-sensitive band dispersion and Fermi surface crossings. In addition, the magnetically active Z2↓down-
spin band shows nearly flatband behavior. The Fermi surface and band dispersions determined by the present
ARPES measurements are in good agreement with local density approximation band structure calculations. SX
ARPES is thus a valuable probe of the intrinsic momentum-resolved electronic structure of solids.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.74.045127PACS number?s?: 79.60.Bm, 73.20.At, 71.20.?b
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ?ARPES? is a
very important technique to study the energy- and momen-
tum-resolved electronic structure of solids.1–4ARPES pro-
vides direct experimental data on band dispersions to com-
pare with and validate band structure calculations. In addi-
tion, for systems showing deviations from band structure
calculations, it allows a measure of the renormalization of
band dispersions in terms of the real and imaginary parts of
the self-energies, which can arise due to electron-phonon,
electron-electron, and also electron-magnon interactions.3–7
While ARPES is conventionally carried out using low-
energy photons ?h?=10–100 eV?, which is necessary for
working in the direct transition approximation, the validity
and importance of synchrotron soft x-ray ?SX? ?h?
=500–800 eV? ARPES has been demonstrated in very re-
cent studies.8–12These studies actually mark the revival of a
field that was pioneered in the 1970s: ARPES carried out
using soft x rays from synchrotron as well as a monochro-
matic Al K? laboratory source.13–17These original studies
established the importance of the direct transition model, as
well as the role of nondirect transitions at high incident pho-
ton energy and high temperature, in interpreting the
momentum- ?or angle-? dependent photoemission spectra of
elemental metals such as gold, silver, tungsten, etc.
Recent advances in synchrotron-based ARPES allow a
relatively high resolution in energy and momentum, and high
throughput, at SX energies ?h?=300–800 eV?. Notable re-
cent results include the high surface sensitivity in SXARPES
of Al?001?,8confirmation of the bulk Fermi surfaces in cop-
per metal9and in layered ruthenates,10small deviations in the
Fermi surface of an electron-doped high-Tccuprate11com-
pared to results of low-energy ARPES, the intrinsic band
structure of doped diamond,12etc. A depth-dependent change
of in-plane band dispersions of Ni?100?, by spanning h?
=190–800 eV, was reported by us recently.18The experi-
mental band structure of Ni metal, exhibiting itinerant ferro-
magnetism derived from spin-split dispersing bands, remains
a very good example to compare band structure calculations.
Much experimental18–29and theoretical30–43work has been
performed to correctly describe the band structure of Ni. Ex-
perimentally, low-energyARPES ?or angle-resolved ultravio-
let photoemission spectroscopy ?ARUPS?? studies have re-
vealed the band structure19–29but have shown deviations
from local density approximation ?LDA? band structure cal-
culations. Although LDA calculations successfully predict
several important ground-state properties of Ni, such as the
equilibrium lattice constant, bulk modulus, magnetic mo-
ment, and spin wave stiffness,32the bandwidth and exchange
splitting observed by ARUPS experiments are 25% and 50%
narrower than those obtained from LDA calculations, respec-
tively. A satellite structure at 6 eV binding energy observed
in the valence band is not reproduced by the LDA calcula-
tions. These deviations are thought to originate in electron
correlations distinctive for the Ni 3d band. The GW approxi-
mation ?GWA?,38in which long-range or off-site screening is
included from first principles, results in a bandwidth consis-
tent with the ARUPS results. A recent calculation in the
GWA combinedwithdynamical
?DMFT?,42in which the on-site self-energy is considered by
DMFT and the off-site self-energy by the GWA, gave a va-
lence band almost consistent with the ARUPS results, i.e.,
the existence of a 6 eV satellite and much improved ex-
change splitting as well as bandwidth. These studies have
clarified characteristics of the Ni 3d states which consist of
localized and itinerant characteristics: the narrow bandwidth
and presence of the two-hole bound state 6 eV satellite indi-
©2006 The American Physical Society 045127-1
Page 2
cate the localized nature of 3d states, while the existence of
clear Fermi surface crossings implies itinerancy. The Fermi
surface of Ni has also been extensively studied as the Fermi
surface governs transport properties in materials via the
transport coefficient. Although LDA calculations predict two
minority-spin hole pockets around the X point with X5and
X2symmetries,32photoemission studies have reported only
the X5↓hole pocket.21,28De Haas–van Alphen studies44have
observed the X5↓hole pocket but are not conclusive about the
X2↓hole pocket. LDA+DMFT calculations41show that the
X2↓band lies below EF, and thus indicate absence of the X2↓
hole pocket. However, there exists an early spin-polarized
photoemission study showing that the X2↓state exists above
EF, indicating the existence of the X2↓hole pocket, consistent
with LDA calculations.45The anomalous behavior of the
magnetocrystalline anisotropy also indicated the existence of
the X2↓hole pocket,46and a very recent study of quantum
well states in Ag/Ni?111? has shown that the ground-state Ni
band structure is consistent with LDA calculations.47
In this work, we study the 3d band dispersions of Ni and
their EFcrossings by ARPES, using excitation energies from
h?=302 to 800 eV so as to probe the bulk electronic
structure.11,18The chief merit in the use of soft x-rays as an
excitation source is the longer probing depth compared to
ARUPS, as given by what is called the universal curve.48
The gentle gradient of the universal curve at high kinetic
energies enables us to measure the three-dimensional band
structure of Ni. In a recent study, we have shown the varia-
tion in in-plane band dispersions as a function of probing
depth. This resolved the confusion regarding the X2↓state
existing below EFin surface-sensitive ARPES, while the
bulk electronic structure showed the existence of the X2↓
state existing above EF, thus confirming the existence of the
X2↓hole pocket. Here we extend the study and present the
following. ?i? Comparative low-temperature ?50 K? and
room-temperature ?300 K? studies: The comparison confirms
and quantifies significant intensity loss due to nondirect tran-
sitions, while the low-temperature data are consistent with
the direct transition model. ?ii? Vertical and horizontal polar-
ization in-plane band maps which span k?over two succes-
sive Brillouin zones: The band maps provide band disper-
sions perpendicular to k?, and conclusively identify all the
bands in the quadrant ?-X-W-W-X-? in momentum space
?Fig. 1?a??. ?iii? The Fermi surface of bulk Ni: We show it to
be consistent with LDA calculations.
Experiments were performed at beamline 27SU of
SPring-8 using linearly polarized light.49Total energy reso-
lution was 50–160 meV. The beamline has a figure-8 undu-
lator, enabling an easy switch of the polarization vector from
horizontal to vertical polarization.50The Ni?100? surface was
prepared by Ar+sputtering and annealing. The surface was
checked by core level photoemission spectra measured with
h?=780 eV and contamination due to oxygen and carbon
was less than 1%. The surface crystallinity was confirmed to
be a sharp ?1?1? low-energy electron diffraction pattern. In
this study, we used two photon energy ranges from 780
to 595 eV and from 435 to 302 eV. The inelastic mean free
paths for 780–595 and 435–302 eV are 12.1–10.0 and
8.1–6.5 Å, respectively.48Band dispersions along k?are ob-
served by measuring the angular dependence from the nor-
mal emission with the experimental setup shown in Fig. 1?b?.
An important point to be noted is that the photon wave vec-
tor is no longer negligible for the high photon energy used in
the experiments. However, since our experimental geometry
is near grazing incidence, the momentum transfer of the pho-
ton results in a constant shift of parallel component of the
momentum k?, while k?is negligibly shifted. The shifts of k?
and k?are identified from accurate determination of the
high-symmetry points ? and X. We have confirmed this from
the measured spectra which show constant shifts in k? by
0.22??−X?, while the k?shifts only by 0.22??−X?, for
780 eV. For lower energies, the shift in k?is reduced system-
atically and for the equivalent cut along ?−X with a photon
energy of 435 eV, the shift is 0.12??−X?, while the k?shift
could not be identified.
FIG. 1. ?Color online? ?a? The volume Brillouin zone of fcc Ni.
The region probed in the present study is marked by thick line. ?b?
The experimental setup in the soft x-ray ARPES with vertical po-
larization. ?c? The k positions probed in the angular dependences
using h?=780–595 and 435–302 eV are marked as filled circles
and dashed lines, as estimated by Eq. ?1?.
KAMAKURA et al.
Page 3
In order to establish that ARPES using soft x-ray energies
can reliably observe band dispersions, we have measured ?i?
the photon energy dependence of ARPES spectra ?Fig. 2? in
successive Brillouin zones as determined by the variation in
k??Fig. 1?c?? and ?ii? the ARPES spectra with a fixed high
energy ?780 eV, Fig. 3? at 50 and 300 K, to check and ensure
that the direct transition model is still valid at low tempera-
ture, although the contribution of nondirect transitions is
known to be significant at 300 K. Band dispersion along k?
is obtained from an ARPES spectrum, depending on photon
energy, as given by the equations
?k?=?2m?h? − w − ??sin ?e,
?k?=?2m??h? − w − ??cos2?e+ V0?.
The k positions calculated by extending Eq. ?1? to the soft
x-ray energy range are shown in Fig. 1?c?.51Figure 1?c? in-
dicates that the spectra at k?=0 using the photon energies
from 780 to 435 eV and from 595 to 302 eV are expected to
probe the k?dispersion from ? to X. The spectra along high-
symmetry lines measured by these photon energies with ver-
tical polarization are shown in Figs. 2?a?–2?d?. The spectra in
Fig. 2 show a clear smooth change in peak positions depend-
ing on the photon energy. These photon energy dependences
result from the Ni band dispersion along k?. The spectrum
labeled 2 in Fig. 2?a? shows a peak at 0.51 eV, correspond-
ing to the ?12point. This peak shifts with decreasing h? and
is identified as the ?1band. The energy position of ?12is
consistent with ARUPS results. In the spectra labeled 2?–5?
in Fig. 2?b?, the Z1band dispersion is observed ?Fig. 1?c??.
The energy position ??0.55 eV? of W1in the spectrum 5? is
also consistent with ARUPS results. These consistencies
show that ARPES using soft x-ray energies can adequately
and reliably measure band dispersions and Eq. ?1? is still
valid for probing k-resolved electronic structure. The photon
energy dependences in the spectra using 435–302 eV, which
are marked 14–18 in Fig. 2?c? for the dispersion along the ?
line and 14?–18? in Fig. 2?d? including that along the Z line
in the Brillouin zone, are almost identical with the equivalent
spectra ?labeled 2, 4, 5, 10, and 13, and 2?, 4?, 5?, 10?, and
13?, respectively? in Figs. 2?a? and 2?b?. These observed pe-
riodicities further demonstrate that the spectra at k?=0 using
the photonenergies from
435 to 302 eV surely measure the k?band dispersion from ?
to X. According to the dipole selection rules, the ?1symme-
try band should be mainly observed along k?by this experi-
mental setup ?Fig. 1?b?? using vertical polarization, which
corresponds to p-polarized light. Therefore, the observed
photon energy dependence is also consistent with the dipole
selection rules.
Figures 3?a? and 3?b? show the temperature dependences
of the ARPES spectra measured by h?=780 eV with vertical
and horizontal polarizations, respectively. The spectra, which
are normalized by the photocurrent of the incident light,
show a good match in intensities over the background energy
ranges. The peaks in the spectra at 300 K show broader
780 to 595 eV andfrom
FIG. 2. ?Color online? The photon energy dependence of the soft
x-ray ARPES using h?=800–595 and 435–302 eV. The numbers
labeling spectra in ?a?–?d? indicate the probed k positions, as shown
in Fig. 1?c?.
FIG. 3. ?Color online? Temperature dependence of soft x-ray
ARPES measured by h?=780 eV with ?a? vertical and ?b? horizon-
tal polarizations. The blue ?light gray? and red ?dark gray? curves
are measured at 50 and 300 K, respectively. The spectra are nor-
malized by the photocurrent.
Page 4
widths and lower intensities than those at 50 K. This tem-
perature dependence is attributed to the influence of phonon-
assisted nondirect transitions,15–17,52which cannot be ne-
glected in the ARPES with high photon energy and at high
temperature. The photoemission intensity at finite tempera-
ture I?E,T? is generally written as a sum of the direct tran-
sition IDT?E? component which shows dispersing bands in
ARPES, and the nondirect transition INDT?E,T? component:
In the above, W?T?=exp?−1
factor, ?U2?T?? is the three-dimensional mean-squared vibra-
tional displacement, and g is the reciprocal lattice vector in-
volved in the direct transitions. Since the Debye-Waller fac-
tordiminishes in high-energy
temperature, the intensity of the direct transition peak de-
creases with increasing photon energy and temperature.
When the valence bands of Ni?100? are excited by h?
=780 eV in the measurement of ARPES for normal emis-
sion, W?T? is estimated to be 0.42 at 300 K and 0.74 at 50 K,
using reported values of the mean-squared vibrational
displacement.53This implies that the intensity of the direct
transition peak at 300 K is ?57% of that at 50 K. These
estimates are in good qualitative agreement with the reported
estimates of W?T? for a higher photon energy ?W?300 K?
=0.22 and W?77 K?=0.53, for h?=1486.6 eV?. The experi-
mental data indeed show a significant reduction ?of about
?40–50 %? between 300 and 50 K for the ?2, ?2?, and ?5
bands. This is clear from the data obtained at the ? and X
points shown in Figs. 3?a? and 3?b?, while for intermediate
values of k?between ? and X, the reduction is lower. Thus,
although the direct transition component in the ARPES spec-
tra with h?=780 eV is predicted to decrease by 26% even at
50 K, the spectra measured at 50 K in Figs. 3?a? and 3?b?
show clear peaks which confirm dispersive bands. Table I
shows the estimated Debye-Waller factors for lower energies
and it decreases systematically to a value of about 0.89 for
h?=302 eV, the lowest energy used in the present study.
Hence, SX ARPES at h?=300–800 eV and a low tempera-
ture of 50 K is appropriate for studying band dispersions and
Fermi surfaces of solids. This energy range bridges the low-
energy ARUPS and high-energy x-ray photoemission spec-
troscopy with a laboratory source and is expected to provide
valuable results on momentum-resolved electronic structure.
In a recent theoretical study based on the Holstein model, it
3?U2?T??g2? is the Debye-Waller
excitation and high
was shown that electron-phonon scattering leads to changes
in ARPES spectra on increasing temperature.7This behavior
can be associated with weight transfer from direct to nondi-
rect transitions, as observed in the present study.
Figures 4?a?–4?h? and 4?a??–4?h?? show a series of in-
plane band maps with clear band dispersions measured using
h?=780–595 eV with vertical and horizontal polarizations,
respectively. The k positions in the Brillouin zone probed by
these photon energies are indicated in Fig. 1?c?. The variation
of k?in measurements of angular dependence ?i.e., along a
cut at a particular photon energy? can be substantial in
ARUPS but diminishes with increasing h? in our experimen-
tal geometry ?Fig. 1?b??. This is another advantage of SX
ARPES. Figure 4?a? shows the observed band map along ?
−X, that is, the ? line, which is measured using h?
=780 eV with vertical polarization. In Fig. 4?a?, ?12is ob-
served at 0.51 eV, which is consistent with ARUPS results
?Fig. 4?i??.19–29The intense band dispersion observed from
?12is the minority-spin band of ?2. Although most ARUPS
studies have reported that this band is located below EFin
the whole ? line resulting in disappearance of the X2↓hole
pocket, the band map in Fig. 4?a? shows the ?2↓band cross-
ing EFat 0.57??−X?. Therefore, Fig. 4?a? shows that the X2↓
hole pocket exists in the bulk of Ni. The intense dispersion in
the vicinity of the X point originates from the ?5↑band,
connecting to X5↑observed at 0.125 eV, which is also con-
sistent withARUPS results which locate X5↑between 0.1 and
0.15 eV.19,28The high-symmetry points ?12and ?25?are de-
generate states as observed by two bands merging at 1.21 eV
for ?25?in Fig. 4?a?? measured with horizontal polarization.
This energy position is also consistent with ARUPS results.
The ?5band, which disperses from ?25?to X5, is seen as a
weak band in Fig. 4?a??. The EFcrossing of the minority-
spin band of ?5is also observed as a weak feature near the
crossing point of ?2↓. This crossing of ?5↓is also observed
near EFin Fig. 4?a?. The dispersion of the ?5majority-spin
band connecting ?25?to X5↑is not clear in the central region
of the band maps in Fig. 4?a? although the high intensity near
the X point is clear in Figs. 4?a? and 4?a??. The energy dis-
tribution curves shown in Fig. 2?b? do a better job of identi-
fying the ?5band, although the exchange splitting is not
With decreasing h?, the band maps of Figs. 4?a? and 4?a??
to 4?h? and 4?h?? show variations in band dispersions and
Fermi surface crossings. The variation seems higher in the
horizontal polarization band maps. The dependence of the EF
crossing points on photon energy forms the Fermi surface of
Ni. Since the features near EFare clearer in the band maps
with vertical polarization, the EFcrossing points are marked
with arrows in Figs. 4?a?–4?f?. The locus formed by the set of
these estimated crossing points plotted in Fig. 6 below, con-
stitutes the Fermi surface of Ni. Note the observation of ad-
ditonal weak features which disperse and cross EFbetween
k?=0 and 0.5 ?in units of ??−X?? in Figs. 4?e?–4?h?. Since
the correct crossing points of this band cannot be directly
estimated from the band maps in Figs. 4?e?–4?h? owing to
low intensities, we have marked k?points showing a broad
maximum in the intensity at EFas approximate EFcrossings
in Fig. 6. The dipole selection rules predict that, in the nor-
TABLE I. The mean-squared vibrational displacements ?U2?
and Debye-Waller factors W in the soft x-ray regime for Ni at 50
and 300 K.
h? ?eV?
?U2? ?10−18cm2?
KAMAKURA et al.
Page 5
mal emission spectrum measured with horizontal polariza-
tion, the ?12and ?25?states are observed only at the ? point,
and the ?5band is observed all along the ? line. Hence, the
band maps measured with horizontal polarization exhibit fea-
tures different from those with vertical polarization. How-
ever, the EFcrossing points observed with horizontal polar-
ization are consistent with the band maps obtained with
vertical polarization.
The band maps along X−W, i.e., the Z line, measured by
h?=595 eV with vertical and horizontal polarization, are
shown in Figs. 4?h? and 4?h??. These two band maps identify
three bands, symmetrically located about the Z line, but are
observed with different intensities for vertical and horizontal
polarizations. First, the band dispersion with high group ve-
locity and extending to high energies is due to the Z3↑band
from W3↑to X5↑?Fig. 4?i??. The energy position of X5↑is
consistent with that measured from the ?5↑band dispersion
in Fig. 4?a?. The second band is the Z2↑band from W1?↑. This
is very clear in Fig. 4?h?? measured with horizontal polariza-
tion, and again the Z2↑band is consistent with ARUPS re-
sults. This band is magnetically active and from a careful
analysis using the maximum entropy method and inverse
photoemission spectroscopy, it was shown that the spin split-
ting between the Z2↑and Z2↓bands vanishes at the Curie
temperature.26A Stoner-type collapsing behavior of spin-
split bands from low-energy ARPES spectra is also well
known.27In Fig. 4?h?, the intensity of the Z2↑band is seen
only near W1?↑, while near the X point it is not clear because
X5↑from the Z3↑band has higher intensity in vertical polar-
ization and overlaps it. The third band is the Z1band, which
disperses from W1at 0.647 eV to the X2point and is clear
only in the vertical polarization map. The energy position of
W1is consistent with theARUPS results ?0.65 eV?.Although
the peak intensity of Z1weakens near EFon the right-hand
side of the X point, the dispersion is clearly seen on the
left-hand side of the X point. From the dispersion on the
left-hand side of the X point, the Z1band is found to cross EF
at about −0.21?X−W? and this Z1band crossing EFis thus
the minority-spin band.
The band maps obtained in the successive Brillouin zones
but for a smaller number of photon energies between h?
=435 and 302 eV ?Fig. 1?c?? with vertical and horizontal
polarizations are shown in Fig. 5. These band maps show
band dispersions similar to those observed using h?
=780–595 eV. The ?2↓band shown in Fig. 5?a? also crosses
EFas in Fig. 4?a?, but this crossing point is estimated to be
0.62??−X?, i.e., it is nearer to the X point than the crossing
point in Fig. 4?a?. In our earlier study, we reported the varia-
tion in band dispersion of the ?2↓band in three successive
Brillouin zones with progressively shorter mean free paths
and interpreted the changes as due to a bulk-to-surface varia-
tion of the band dispersions. The results indicate that the ?2↓
hole pocket is present in the bulk but is absent in the surface
electronic structure as the ?2↓band becomes flatter with in-
creasing surface sensitivity. As a further check, we have
carefully investigated the vicinity of EFof the Z1↓band
shown in Fig. 5?e?. The Z1↓ band measured with h?
=302 eV approaches the Z3band more closely than that ob-
served using h?=595 eV and nearly overlaps with the strong
FIG. 4. ?Color online? In-plane band maps measured using h?
=780 eV ?a? and ?a?? to h?=595 eV ?h? and ?h?? with vertical and
horizontal polarizations, respectively. As shown in Fig. 1?c?, ?a? and
?a?? show the band dispersions along the ? line, and ?h? and ?h??
show those along the Z line. ?i? The semiempirical band dispersions
along ? ??-X? and Z ?X-W? from Ref. 33. The solid and dashed
lines indicate the majority- and minority-spin bands, respectively.
Page 6
intensity from the Z3band. This also indicates that the EF
crossing point of the Z1band in Fig. 5?e? is significantly
closer to the X point than that observed using h?=595 eV
?Fig. 4?h??. The Z1↓band appears to cross EFat about
−0.12?X−W?. This behavior of the Z1↓band dispersion de-
pending on the probing depth is consistent with the probing
depth dependence of the ?2↓band dispersion. Thus, both the
Z1↓and X2↓bands show variation in band dispersion with
incident photon energy indicating that the band structure ob-
served with shorter probing depth approaches that observed
by ARUPS.
In Fig. 6, the Fermi surfaces estimated by soft x-ray
ARPES with the photon energy range between h?=780 and
595 eV are plotted along with the Fermi surface obtained by
LDA calculations and de Haas–van Alphen measurements.
The photon energy dependence of the normal emission spec-
trum probes mainly the ?1band by vertical polarization and
the ?5band by horizontal polarization according to the di-
pole selection rules. The angular dependence with decreasing
h? from h?=780 eV sweeps the k?dispersion from the nor-
mal emission. Although the ARPES with h?=780 eV probes
the ?2↓band crossing EF, as a function of photon energy, the
EFcrossing points do not trace the X2↓hole pocket, but in-
stead trace the d↓Fermi surface ?empty squares in Fig. 6?.
The band maps measured with h?=780 and 435 eV show the
two crossing points of ?2↓and ?5↓between ? and X. In the
Fermi surface calculated by the LDA, five bands cross EFat
nearly the same points along ?−X, while the X2↓hole pocket
disappears in the ARUPS results. In Fig. 6, the Fermi surface
observed by soft x-ray ARPES shows that the crossing point
of ?2↓is very close to that of ?5↓and the d↓Fermi surface
evolves from there, as shown in the Fermi surface obtained
by the LDA calculation. In addition, the tight-binding calcu-
lation including spin-orbit coupling has shown that the spin-
orbit coupling separates the crossing points of ?5↓and ?2↓
and results in the crossing point of ?2↓located slightly on the
?-point side of the ?5↓crossing.34This effect of the spin-
orbit coupling predicted by one electron band calculation
including spin-orbit coupling is observed in the present soft
x-ray ARPES along the ? line. ?Fig. 6? The d↓Fermi surface
in Fig. 6 is rather similar to that estimated by LDA and de
Haas–van Alphen measurements. The sp Fermi surfaces
?empty triangles and circles in Fig. 6? are traced by the EF
crossing between k?=0 and 0.5 ?in units of ??−X??. The ob-
tained sp Fermi surface is also consistent with the LDA cal-
culation and de Haas–van Alphen measurements.
Several studies have addressed the X2↓hole pocket in the
Ni Fermi surface.18,28,41,54The X2↓observed below EFin the
ARUPS is thought to be associated with a particularly nar-
row exchange splitting of the eg-type X2state ??0.1 eV?
FIG. 5. ?Color online? Band maps measured
using h?=435 eV ?a? and ?a?? to h?=302 eV ?e?
and ?e?? with vertical and horizontal polariza-
tions, respectively, for the successive Brillouin
zones ?see also Fig. 1?c??.
KAMAKURA et al.
Page 7
compared to that of the t2g-type X5state ??0.4 eV?. In Ref.
35, which calculated the self-energy corrections in the va-
lence bands of Ni, it was shown that the nonspherical nature
of the spin density, i.e., the difference between the electron
occupations in egand t2gstates, results in the difference in
the exchange splitting between these states. A band structure
calculation based on a multiband Hubbard model has indi-
cated that there is energy gain by increasing t2gholes in the
minority spin bands because of the large nearest-neighbor
hopping between t2gorbitals.28,54In addition, there is first-
neighbor hybridization between the egand t2gstates via the
large dd? integral and the t2gband corresponds the most
strongly antibonding bands, as indicated in Ref. 54. For these
reasons, a smaller occupation of the t2g-type X5↓bands and a
higher occupation of the top of the eg-type X2↓bands have
been thought to be energetically favorable, which results in
the disappearance of the X2↓hole pocket in the ARUPS. The
soft x-ray ARPES results would then indicate that such elec-
tron hopping ?depending on the orbital symmetry and the
hybridization between t2gand egstates?, which enforces the
occupation of the X2↓state, is not effective in the bulk but
only at the surface. X2↓is located above EFin the bulk band
structure of Ni observed by soft x-ray ARPES, as obtained
by LDA calculations. This result implies that the difference
in the exchange splitting between egand t2gstates is not so
large in the bulk of Ni as at the surface.
Alternatively, the change in the ?2↓and Z1↓band disper-
sions as a function of incident photon energy and hence
probing depth can also be regarded as an indication of the
?2↓and Z1↓bands being wider in the bulk than at the surface.
In the obtained data, the group velocity of ?2↓at EFis esti-
mated to be 1.11 and 0.82 eV Å using h?=780 and 435 eV,
respectively. This indicates that the ?2↓band shows greater
group velocity in the bulk than at the surface. The same
probing depth dependences are also identified in the Z1band
along X−W. These characteristics indicate that the electron
correlation of Ni is weaker in the bulk than at the surface,
leading to the hole pocket of X2↓in the bulk of Ni. A cluster
model calculation, which can effectively treat the short-range
correlation for the electronic structure of Ni in terms of the
surface versus bulk, has also been reported.37In this cluster
model calculation, the relative intensity of the satellite struc-
ture at the surface is much higher than that in the bulk, and
indicates that the correlation effects are stronger at the sur-
face. The narrowing of the bandwidth on the surface as well
as absence of the X2↓hole pocket are well described by
LDA+DMFT.41This probing depth dependence of the X2↓
band is expected since correlation effects, which can be en-
hanced near the surface, are more important for slower elec-
trons and the velocity near the X2↓hole pocket is rather small
from low-energy ARPES. While the X2↓state is located be-
low EFin LDA+DMFT studies, the energy position of X2↓is
very sensitive to the value of J. The X2↓hole pocket appears
in the calculated Fermi surface if J is decreased from
1.2 to 1.1 eV, i.e., only by 0.1 eV. Since the present data
show wider bandwidth for the ?2↓and Z1↓bands in the bulk
of Ni and the value of J is generally reduced by the delocal-
ization of the orbital, it is plausible that the X2↓hole pocket
in the bulk of Ni can also result from a slightly reduced J in
the bulk.
In conclusion, the band structure of Ni has been studied
by soft x-ray ARPES. SX ARPES at low temperature ?50 K?
provides band dispersions consistent with the direct transi-
tion model, while room-temperature ?300 K? studies indicate
significant intensity loss due to nondirect transitions. In
ARPES with h?=780 eV, the ?2↓band is found to cross EF
between ? and X. This shows that the X2↓state in the bulk of
Ni is located above EFin contrast to the ARUPS results
giving the X2↓state below EF. The EFcrossing point of ?2↓
shifts toward the X point in ARPES with shorter probing
depth. A similar behavior is also observed in the Z1↓band
along X−W in ARPES with h?=595 and 302 eV. The ob-
served behavior in the ?2↓and Z1↓bands shows that the bulk
band structure involving the X2↓hole pocket consistently ap-
proaches the surface band structure observed by ARUPS,
which indicates the X2↓state to be below EF. The disappear-
ance of the X2↓hole pocket at the surface is caused by the
peculiarly narrow exchange splitting in egstate compared to
that in t2gstates and the reduced bandwidth due to stronger
correlation. In addition, the magnetically active Z2↓down-
spin band shows nearly flatband behavior. The Fermi surface
and band dispersions determined by the present ARPES mea-
surements are in good agreement with local density approxi-
mation band structure calculations. SX ARPES is thus a
valuable probe of the intrinsic momentum-resolved elec-
tronic structure of solids.
FIG. 6. ?Color online? The Fermi surfaces of Ni observed by
h?=780–595 eV. The closed red circles indicate the k positions
shown by the arrows in the band maps, corresponding to Fermi
surface crossings. The Fermi surfaces calculated by the LDA with
von Barth and Hedin potential are indicated by the solid lines. In
the calculated Fermi surface, a is the X5↓hole pocket, b is the X2↓
hole pocket, c is the major d↓hole Fermi surface, d and e are sp↑
and sp↓Fermi surfaces, respectively. The experimental results from
de Haas–van Alphen measurements are shown by the smaller-size
symbols ?the circles, triangles, and squares? and dotted lines ?Refs.
32 and 34?.
Page 8
The experiments were performed at the SPring-8 with the
approval of the Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Insti-
tute ?Grants No. 2002A0589-NS1-np and No. 2003A0682-
NS1-np?. We thank H. Ohashi, Y. Tamenori, T. Ito, P. A.
Rayjada, and K. Horiba for help with this work and K. Tera-
kura, J. Igarashi, A. Fujimori, T. Yokoya, A. Kotani, T. Jo, M.
Taguchi, and M. Usuda for valuable discussions.
*Present address: Institute of Materials Structure Science ?IMSS?,
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization ?KEK?, Oho 1-1,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
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text:
1. |
On a tray pour in the oil, add in the rosemary, garlic, salt & pepper.
2. |
Place the beef on the tray and cover with the oil and rosemary mix.
3. |
Place onto a hot bbq and seal for 2-4 minutes, then turn and do the same, until all the beef is sealed. (About 20 minutes cooking time all up)
4. |
While the meat is resting, coat the mushrooms with the oil & rosemary mix and place onto the bbq.
5. |
Cook on both sides for 3 minutes each or until cooked.
6. |
Rest the meat for 10 minutes until ready to carve into medallions.
7. |
Serve with Salsa verde, mushrooms and chilli corn.
Corn and mushrooms:
1. |
Submerge corn husks in water and place onto hot bbq – turn every 5 minutes (about 20 minutes cooking time)
2. |
Peel off husks and brush on the chilli lime butter from the prawns,
3. |
Cook for a couple of minutes just before serving.
Salsa Verde:
1. |
Soak bread in ½ the oil for 30 minutes, crumble and place in a food processor with the rest of the salsa verde ingredients.
2. |
Blend until a nice paste forms.
» Metric Converter |
Shiraz, Grenache and Other Whites are the best wines to pair with BBQ Beef with Salsa Verde.
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President Barack Obama is throwing his support behind U.S. Senator Michael Bennet.
The President released a statement Friday saying America needs him in the United States Senate to help revitalize our economy, improve our public schools and pass health care reform.
Bennet was appointed to the Senate by Governor Ritter after Ken Salazar left to be the Secretary of the Interior.
He will square off against Andrew Romanoff in the Democratic Primary next year.
KKCO firmly believes in freedom of speech for all and we are happy to provide this forum for the community to share opinions and facts. We ask that commenters keep it clean, keep it truthful, stay on topic and be responsible. Comments left here do not necessarily represent the viewpoint of KKCO 11News.
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Health News Archive - June 06, 2012
MTV Movie Awards Show Pre-Lounge party held by WOW! media creations at the Roosevelt Hollywood is attended by Los Angeles locals including Lasik
U.S.A. Olympian Damu Cherry has joined elite athletes Tiger Woods, Hines Ward and Takaishi Saito in using Cell Therapy. According to A.J.
School's out—and this year's graduates can celebrate with a trip to the world-class theme parks in Orlando. Orlando, FL (PRWEB) June 06, 2012 Graduates
Dahryn Serum™ will be the first to launch from the highly anticipated line of Dahryn Skincare™. Scottsdale, AZ (PRWEB) June 06, 2012 On June 3, 2012,
Body Solutions, Inc. is giving away two weeks of its South Jersey anti-boot camp classes. New Jersey (PRWEB) June 06, 2012 Body Solutions, Inc.
A marketing professor at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, has spent years studying the hookah pipe phenomenon growing around college campuses.
Pharmica Consulting, the life sciences industry leader in collaboration strategy and SharePoint implementation, is pleased to announce that Jim Wetzel, Principal Consultant at Pharmica Consulting,
Analysis of World's Largest Database of Human Cognition Names Charlottesville, Va. No. 1 San Francisco, Calif.
- Small missiles, especially grape, canister, fragments of iron, and the like, when fired, as upon an enemy at close quarters.
- To fire mitraille at.


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TD-Complete Submission
What to expect when you're expecting (an acceptance letter)
4.15 / 5.00 4,280 ViewsThis is something I have been doing in my spare time, its what I think could of happened if Vegetto wasn't absorbed by Buu, enjoy!
so goddamn awesome!! but...
even though this is the best dbz animation iv ever seen it does have some flaws 1. the voices were kinda off to me especially when they transformed 2. even though majin vegetto is very very cool that would simply be impossible buu would have been destroyed by that blast and even if a little piece of him remained theres no way that he could just phase through his arm 3. gohan going super mystic???? hes already at his peak form!!! that would aslo be impossibe as well!! oh and one more thnig im just pointing these things out im not making fun of it or anything i love this man this guys a true artist and the thing i loved the most is he decided to base it on my favorite character vegetto man that was just so awesome though really you have to keep at making these i love your work man
WTF! isn't Babbi meant to control them , plus Babbi is dead
And isn't this supposed to be a What If scenario? Seriously read the authors comments before making a review.


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Enjoy the invigorating local community during your stay. View our Panama events calendar to see upcoming events in Panama City and the surrounding areas of our luxury hotel.
Events for April 2014
"Marcelino Pan y Vino" at Teatro Aba
When: From 03/15/2014 to 04/13/2014
Panama's International Performing Arts Festival
When: From 03/25/2014 to 04/03/2014
2014 International Film Festival of Panama
When: From 04/03/2014 to 04/09/2014
2014 Green Festival of Musical Culture in Panama
When: From 04/04/2014 to 04/05/2014
"All in the Timing" at the Theatre Guild of Ancon
When: From 04/24/2014 to 05/10/2014
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How to cite this article: Wang Q, Webster TJ. 2012. Nanostructured selenium for preventing biofilm formation on polycarbonate medical devices. J Biomed Mater Res Part A 2012:100A:3205–3210.
Nanostructured selenium for preventing biofilm formation on polycarbonate medical devices †
Article first published online: 15 JUN 2012
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34262
Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A
Volume 100A, Issue 12, pages 3205–3210, December 2012
Additional Information
How to Cite
Wang, Q. and Webster, T. J. (2012), Nanostructured selenium for preventing biofilm formation on polycarbonate medical devices . J. Biomed. Mater. Res., 100A: 3205–3210. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.34262
- †
Publication History
- Issue published online: 23 OCT 2012
- Article first published online: 15 JUN 2012
- Manuscript Accepted: 7 MAY 2012
- Manuscript Revised: 4 MAY 2012
- Manuscript Received: 28 MAR 2012
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- nanostructured selenium;
- biofilm inhibition;
- S. aureus;
- polycarbonate medical devices
Biofilms are a common cause of persistent infections on medical devices as they are easy to form and hard to treat. The objective of this study was for the first time to coat selenium (a natural element in the body) nanoparticles on the surface of polycarbonate medical devices (such as those used for medical catheters) and to examine their effectiveness at preventing biofilm formation. The size and distribution of selenium coatings were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The strength of the selenium coating on polycarbonate was assessed by tape-adhesion tests followed by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results showed that selenium nanoparticles had a diameter of 50–100 nm and were well distributed on the polycarbonate surface. In addition, more than 50% of the selenium coating survived the tape-adhesion test as larger nanoparticles had less adhesion strength to the underlying polycarbonate substrate than smaller selenium nanoparticles. Most significantly, the results of this in vitro study showed that the selenium coatings on polycarbonate significantly inhibited Staphylococcus aureus growth to 8.9% and 27% when compared with an uncoated polycarbonate surface after 24 and 72 h, respectively. Importantly, this was accomplished without using antibiotics but rather with an element (selenium) that is natural to the human body. Thus, this study suggests that coating polymers (particularly, polycarbonate) with nanostructured selenium is a fast and effective way to reduce bacteria functions that lead to medical device infections. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 100A: 3205–3210, 2012.


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Engraved logos detail the temples of teardrop-shaped performance aviators engineered to military-specific standards.


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Wicker bag and swimsuit, isolated on white
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Oklahoma Sooners
Print without images
Thursday, May 16, 2013
Crimson Countdown: CB Zack Sanchez
By Brandon Chatmon
During the summer months, SoonerNation will take a closer look at each player on Oklahoma's roster in our Crimson Countdown series. Each day, we will analyze each player's impact on the program since arriving on campus, his potential impact this fall and his long-term impact. Starting with No. 1
Kendal Thompson
, the series will follow the roster numerically through our final analysis of No. 99
Chaz Nelson
No. 15
Zack Sanchez
Cornerback, 5-foot-11, 170 pounds, redshirt freshman
Impact thus far:
Sanchez hasn't made an impact on the program and will have to work hard and improve to be a significant contributor this fall. He redshirted during the 2012 season and got plenty of valuable reps this spring thanks to OU's lack of depth. This summer and preseason camp will be critical for Sanchez if he hopes to make a difference on OU's defense as a redshirt freshman.
Expectations for 2013:
He could play a special teams role and provide depth at cornerback but will have to hold off incoming freshmen
Stanvon Taylor
Dakota Austin
L.J. Moore
for playing time on defense.
Best-case scenario in 2013:
He emerges as a quality No. 3 cornerback behind
Aaron Colvin
Cortez Johnson
. If he does, OU will have several talented young cornerbacks on the roster heading into the 2013 season.
Worst-case scenario in 2013:
Sanchez is passed on the depth chart by all three freshmen and never makes his case to be a contributor on defense. That would likely leave three true freshmen on the depth chart behind Colvin and Johnson.
SoonerNation's evaluation grade for Sanchez:
C. He hasn't made an impact on Saturdays and hasn't made any major noise on the practice field either. But he does seem to have some talent and a competitive nature. We'll know more about him at this point next year.
SoonerNation's development grade for Sanchez:
A. Sanchez went to multiple road games as a true freshman, a sign he was close to playing as a true freshman. Yet redshirting was the best plan for Sanchez and the Sooners. No need to waste a year of eligibility if he wasn't going to be asked to make a major impact last year or this year.


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BTK is back; intended victim gets poem
The BTK Strangler, who already has killed seven Wichitans, resurfaced this weekend after 16 months of silence when he mailed a poem to a 63-year-old woman who nearly became his eighth victim.
The strangler broke into the woman's home in the 600 block of South Pinecrest on April 28, about a mile from the site of BTK's last murder.
The woman lived alone, but she was at a dance that evening. BTK, which stands for "bind, torture, kill," cut the phone line and entered the house through a basement window sometime between 7 p.m. and 11 p.m. Apparently, he got tired of waiting for her and left, taking about $35 in cash and some clothing and jewelry.
"It is our opinion that BTK was in fact in her home," said Deputy Chief Bobby Stout. "... It is our opinion that had this lady been at home, she would have been killed. We quite definitely believe that that was the intent, and we feel very fortunate that no one was killed."
Police learned that the woman received a package from BTK Friday. KAKE-TV received a similar package Saturday morning.
Each 8 ½ by 11-inch manila envelope was addressed in neatly printed block letters and contained a 19-line typewritten poem, a sketch, an article of the woman's clothing and an article of jewelry.
In the poem, the strangler, who has asked in previous messages to be called BTK, wrote that he had intended to kill the woman and regretted that she did not return home while he was there.
Stout said he is convinced that the poem is from BTK. Some errors in it are consistent with previous BTK letters, and the art style of the sketch is consistent with a sketch sent in an earlier letter to KAKE.
Police refused to identify the woman to protect her privacy. They also are concerned about her health because her husband died within the past year and she was treated recently in a hospital for severe depression. She is staying with relatives now.
The woman and her daughter were returning to her South Pinecrest house Friday afternoon as a letter carrier also arrived. He handed the mail to the daughter, who opened the envelope and immediately linked the poem, sketch, burglary and BTK. She did not show the contents of the envelope to her mother but called the police.
Capt. Al Thimmesch was notified and went to retrieve the envelope. Deputy Police Chief Stout also was notified and he called Police Chief Richard LaMunyon, who is vacationing in California. LaMunyon is not expected to return early from his vacation but is due back June 25.
Because BTK has sent letters to The Eagle and Beacon and KAKE-TV in the past, Stout asked news organizations to watch for a similar envelope in the mail. About an hour later, KAKE personnel told him the station had received a BTK package.
The station personnel turned the unopened envelope over to a laboratory detective. Stout said it was the first time police had handled the contents of a BTK communication first.
The letters were being examined and tested Saturday. It was not known whether fingerprints were found in or outside the envelopes.
In two previous communications with the Eagle and Beacon and one with KAKE, BTK claimed to have killed seven people between 1974 and 1977. He named six of the victims, and police believe they know who the seventh victim was.
About 15 detectives and eight laboratory investigators have been put on the case. In their investigation:
Lab investigators are examining the envelopes and their contents for fingerprints and other evidence. The house on Pinecrest has been examined a second time.
Detectives are poring over computer printouts, looking for similar burglaries and other burglaries and reports of suspicious characters in the South Pinecrest neighborhood.
Detectives are working with postal inspectors to determine from which postal substation the envelopes were mailed and which postman handled them.
Because BTK's two previous poems are believed to be rewritten versions of a nursery rhyme and a folk song, other detectives are searching for the origin of the latest poem. They hope this will give them a clue to the killer's background.
Other detectives have been going from house to house in the South Pinecrest neighborhood questioning residents about anything they recall seeing at the time of the burglary.
Stout met with one psychiatrist Friday and expects to meet early this week with a group of psychiatrists and psychologists who have examined earlier letters.
In the past, police have attempted to compile a psychological profile of the killer to predict how he might react.
Stout, when asked Saturday what he thought BTK might be wanting, said, "Everybody has tried to second guess what this man wants, and I'm not going to add my name to that list."
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It's A small World
The recently opened KidZania takes role-playing to another level
- Published: 5 Apr 2013 at 00.00 | Viewed: 3,041 | Comments: 0
- Newspaper section: Life
- Writer: Vanniya Sriangura
Sometime around 2pm, Baramee Punyabukkana was called from his editorial desk to the scene of a fire. Equipped with the latest-model digital cameras (the office's property, of course), he and his fellow journalists ran to the location amid the sound of sirens. The town's only hotel was on fire and seven firefighters were strenuously manoeuvring the water hose trying to extinguish the flames.
The fire was successfully put out as Baramee finished taking photos. As quick as a breaking news reporter could be, he ran back to his computer, chose the best shot, wrote up the story, gave a headline and signed off that day's print with his name. Even though it was the first time Baramee has ever published a news story, his attempt to be a good journalist didn't go unrewarded. Like the firefighters and all "employed" citizens (dentists, shopkeepers, pilots, paramedics, auto mechanics, police officers, crime scene investigators, makeup artists, sushi chefs, actors, construction workers and judges) in this 80-occupation, child-dominated town, the second-grader was paid well for his endeavour.
Providing children with the opportunity to act like grown-ups through role-playing various careers in an awe-inspiring scaled-down replica of a city, KidZania has been the world's most popular "edutainment" theme park brand since its debut in Mexico City 14 years ago. There are now 11 more branches including ones in Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia, Dubai and Portugal.
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Protection of Children in Tourism
UNWTO World Tourism Network on Child Protection
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To see this page in other languages click Español Français
UNWTO's work in the field of child protection has spanned over more than fifteen years, principally manifesting itself through the endeavours of the international World Tourism Network on Child Protection (formerly the Task Force for the Protection of Children in Tourism). This open-ended network features the multi-stakeholder participation of a range of actors, from governments, international organisations and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) to tourism industry groups and media associations.
Established as the Task Force against the Sexual Exploitation of Children in 1997, its first decade focused on countering the phenomenon of "child sex tourism". Since 2007, its mandate has been broadened to the prevention of all potential forms of youth exploitation within the tourism sector (i.e. sexual exploitation, child labour and trafficking). The Network's meetings, held annually at the worlds' foremost Travel and Tourism Fairs, serve as a platform for tourism stakeholders to exchange experiences and best practices, present awareness-raising materials and capacity building tools, and promote the adoption of professional codes of conduct or other responsible practices in line with the UNWTO Global Code of Ethics for Tourism. In 2011, the body was renamed the "World Tourism Network on Child Protection".
The 15th anniversary of the UNWTO World Tourism Network on Child Protection was marked by the publication of a Compilation of Good Practices that was presented at ITB Berlin 2014.
The publication demonstrates the variety of strategies and actions that have been taken around the world to protect children from exploitation in tourism.
The 16 initiatives featured in the compilation were selected from more than 170 presentations and reports delivered at Network meetings since 1997.
Click to download a copy of "15 Years of the UNWTO World Tourism Network on Child Protection: A Compilation of Good Practices".
Protect Children Awareness Campaign
In November 2008, in collaboration with ILO, UNICEF and a series of tourism stakeholders from different sectors, UNWTO launched its latest international child protection campaign under the slogan "Don't let Child Abuse Travel". The campaign video spot and other materials have been disseminated among tourism stakeholders, providing them with specific recommendations for the protection of children and adolescents in the sector.
UNWTO's commitment to protect children from sexual exploitation in tourism complements the activities of other international organisations, including UNICEF, ICPO-Interpol, UNESCO, UNAIDS, WHO and other organs of the United Nations.
Alongside the work of the World Tourism Network on Child Protection, between 2000 and 2004, UNWTO joined forces with the European Commission to fund interrelated projects featuring interactive initiatives to combat "child sex tourism". Jointly implemented by UNWTO and its NGO partners, its target groups included governments, international organizations, the tourism industry (travel agents, tour operators, hotels, airlines, and associations), academic institutions, young people, the media and tourists themselves. Most notably, the project yielded a set of Guidelines for National Tourism Administration (NTA) Focal Points (available to download), to assist NTA officials in actively engaging in the protection of children. Alongside this document, two training modules were developed to assist secondary schools and universities, respectively, to integrate the theme of children's rights, sustainable tourism and sexual exploitation of children in tourism into curricula of future tourism professionals.
A part of this project worthy of special mention is the Code of Conduct for the Protection of Children from Sexual Exploitation in Travel and Tourism, originally formulated by ECPAT, and which enjoys the support of UNWTO and UNICEF. Throughout the last decade, the Code has developed into one of the most recommended practices for the implementation of CSR related to child protection in the tourism industry. Overall, 2 million EUR were committed by the EU to support the aforementioned projects: one million was granted by the Tourism Unit of the EU Enterprise Directorate General and another million by the EuropeAid Cooperation Office.
See also:
- WORLD TOURISM NETWORK ON CHILD PROTECTION (formerly the Task Force for the Protection of Children in Tourism)
- GUIDELINES FOR NTAs ON CHILD PROTECTION IN TOURISM
- LEGISLATION on child protection in tourism
- EMERGENCY HOTLINES related to child protection
- FOCAL POINTS on issues of child protection
For more information on UNWTO's activities related to the protection of children please contact firstname.lastname@example.com


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Fifteen years in the making, the current Guggenheim exhibition on Gutai presents a groundbreaking spectrum of the art of that group, shaking to its core the notion of the West as the epicenter of contemporary art practices. The show, curated by Ming Tiampo, associate professor of art history at Carlton University, Ottawa, and Alexandra Munroe, senior curator of Asian art at the museum, is titled Gutai: Splendid Playground, an odd sobriquet to describe the annihilating force that birthed the group in postwar Japan.
Continue Reading →Gutai
With a brand new year comes a slew of new museum exhibitions to look forward to. From retrospectives of major artists like Claes Oldenburg and James Turrell to an exploration of New York City art during one year in the 1990s, here's a look at what to expect from NYC's art museums in 2013.
Continue Reading →


text:
"The harder you work, the luckier you get." by Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled He's heartbroken which was written by poet Emma McLaughlin. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by Emma McLaughlin
Best Emma Mclaughlin Poems
He lost her He needs space from us He loved her He couldn't be without her I love him though.


text:
Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Cake judging a pretty sweet deal
And we helped raise cash for new research centre
Imaginary readers are always coming up to me at the supermarket and asking: "Doug, is it extremely difficult being a crusading newspaper columnist with steely blue eyes?"
Yes, I always whisper in reply, it's incredibly hard. Because the truth is, the high-pressure world of modern journalism is never a piece of cake, even when, technically speaking, the job involves eating cake.
I base this on the fact that earlier this week, for the third consecutive year, the nice folks from the Seven Oaks General Hospital Foundation invited me to attend their swanky One Sweet Affair fundraising gala to help judge a showdown among the city's top pastry chefs to see who could create the most horrifying Halloween-inspired cake.
While other journalists were busy pursuing the Senate spending scandal, I was bravely trying to eat my weight in carbohydrates covered in a thick layer of gooey icing. Please don't thank me; I'm just doing my job.
The main reason I agreed to join the cake-judging panel this year was to help make our city a better, healthier place in which to live. The battle of the city's baking elite was the highlight of an evening designed to raise funds for a state-of-the art research centre at Seven Oaks Hospital.
Toby Maloney, the hospital's public relations manager, said the new centre, expected to open within the next year, will focus on the identification, prevention and treatment of kidney and other chronic diseases in Manitoba.
"This is the kick-off to a year-long campaign to build the research centre," Maloney said. "It's really important. One in 10 people in Canada have chronic kidney disease and Manitoba has the highest prevalence of people on dialysis in Canada."
Here's a fact we wish wasn't a fact: Manitoba has the highest rate of kidney failure in the country.
Which somehow brings us back to judging cake, which, as I said earlier, we judges did in a sincere and humanitarian effort to make the rest of you healthier.
The first thing we did was ogle the four cakes: a creepy mummy's head; a five-tiered tower inspired by the Brothers Grimm; a zombie that had been stabbed in the heart and whose hands had been lopped off; and a witch perched on top of a pumpkin, which was sitting on two eyeballs, which were on top of a bubbling cauldron, which was on a spell book festooned with severed fingers and spiders.
After staring at the cakes with the laser-like intensity my dogs employ when I'm trying to make a sandwich, the judging panel, surrounded by hundreds of hungry-looking gala guests, sat down to eat slabs of cake the size of golden retrievers.
"I eat cake. I like cake. I watch cake shows on TV with my husband and kids," is what Global Winnipeg's Morning News anchor Eva Kovacs dished up when I demanded to know her cake-judging qualifications.
We agreed judging baked goods was easily among the highlights of our journalism careers. "This is incredibly rewarding," Eva said between mouthfuls. "It tastes good and it looks good. It's the butter-cream of the crop."
In the end, after impressing onlookers with our professional remarks -- "Mmm, yummy!" -- we awarded first place to the mother-daughter baking team of Genevieve and Nikki Melegrito from Sugar Blooms and Cakes for their witch-topped entry, which was later auctioned off for a stunning $2,700.
Fellow judge Darryl Crumb -- a former competitor on Top Chef Canada and the owner of Tot Wheels, a food truck dishing up tater tots with gourmet toppings such as frog legs, foie gras and escargot -- was blown away by their masterpiece. "It tasted like a Starbucks caramel macchiato in cake form," Darryl declared. "There was a lot of attention to detail. Plus you got a severed human finger in your food. You can't beat that!"
Nikki Melegrito, 23, who has only been baking full time since March, said the eerie cake, which took three people to carry into the ballroom, was inspired by a horror movie.
"We make a lot of cute, girly cakes," she said, beaming. "I wanted to do something totally different. I was inspired by the movie Hansel & Gretel: Witch Hunters. I loved how ugly the witch was and I wanted to show that in a cake.
"I'm so surprised to win. I saw the zombie and I thought they'd win. This is the first time I've ever won anything."
As for the judging panel, after stuffing our gullets with several pounds of cake, we then had to sit down and join the other guests for a hefty four-course dinner, including dessert.
And you thought journalism was easy.
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition October 25, 2013 A2
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Commentary - Promoting Cultural Awareness: American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month
Promoting Cultural Awareness: American Indian and Alaska Native Heritage Month
Posted 12/14/2011 Updated 12/14/2011
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Commentary by Capt. Steven Bennett
354th Medical Operations Squadron
12/14/2011 -
EIELSON AIR FORCE BASE, Alaska
-- November marked the 21st anniversary of the observance of American Indian and Alaskan Native Heritage Month. President George H.W. Bush made the proclamation in 1990 and declared 1992 as the "Year of the American Indian" by way of congressional legislation.
The U.S. Military has a long and storied tradition of extraordinary contributions from American Indians and Alaska Natives. From the Revolutionary War where Gen. George Washington enlisted the skills of American Indians to liberate the colonies, to the War of 1812 where Native Americans served on state and continental ships, Native Americans have added to the strong foundation we enjoy today. Their excellence continued in World Wars I and II where nearly 35,000 American Indians fought for their country.
The most famous of these were the Navajo Code Talkers who used their native language to communicate along the front lines. This led to Maj. Howard Connor, 5th Marine Division signal officer, saying, "Were it not for the Navajos, the Marines would have never taken Iwo Jima."
The Medal of Honor is the highest decoration that can be bestowed upon service members and is awarded to those few who distinguish themselves through "conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity at the risk of his or her life above and beyond the call of duty while engaged in an action against an enemy of the United States." Since its inception, 27 Native Americans have been awarded the nations' highest honor.
Living in Alaska presents a unique opportunity to learn, first-hand, about Alaska Native culture. Of the 565 federally recognized tribes in the United States, 231 of them are located in Alaska. There are multiple places where Alaska Native culture and history is observed and celebrated. A visit to Pioneer Park, The University of Alaska at Fairbanks' Museum of the North, or the Morris Thompson Cultural and Visitors Center, can provide great insight into the areas native history and culture.
Recently, Clarence Lee Alexander, the former Grand Chief of the Gwich'in people who reside in northeast Alaska and the Yukon and Northwest Territories in Canada, was awarded with the Presidential Citizen's Medal. In a ceremony held at the White House in October, Chief Alexander was recognized with the country's second highest civilian honor.
"Clarence Lee Alexander: A dedicated patriot and conservationist, Clarence Lee Alexander has helped lead the charge in protecting the Yukon River Watershed," said President Barack Obama during the ceremony. "In addition to working to save our waterways, he has been instrumental in saving lives through the Council of Athabascan Tribal Governments, which provides health care to some of the most remote villages in North America. He exemplifies the difference one person can make in preserving our natural resources and cherished traditions for the next generation of Americans. For his work to protect our precious national treasures, the United States honors Clarence Lee Alexander."
This is just one example of the amazing contributions that Alaska Natives and American Indians make to American society. As members of the local society, we must all make an effort to educate ourselves about Alaska Native culture. As ambassadors of the United States Air Force, military or civilian, it is our duty to enhance the relationship we have with the local community with the highest dignity and respect.
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Sunday, October 14, 2012
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I think it's fun to see works in progress and the spaces where people work. Here is my happy place and some things I am working on. I am lucky that my neighbor has an incredible green thumb that I get to enjoy out my window.
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