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Afghan president's brother, Ahmad Wali Karzai, buried
Thousands have joined Afghan President Hamid Karzai to mourn at the funeral of his half-brother near Kandahar.
Ahmad Wali Karzai, a controversial but key figure in Nato's battle against the Taliban, was gunned down at home by his bodyguard on Tuesday.
The weeping president climbed into the grave to kiss his brother's forehead before appealing to Taliban militants to stop their violent uprising.
Reports suggest an explosion hit an official car after the funeral.
AP news agency reported two of Helmand provincial governor Gulab Mangal's entourage were injured when their vehicle struck a roadside bomb outside Kandahar.
Security was tight, with helicopters overhead and many troops deployed.
Ahmed Wali Karzai leaves behind a mixed legacy.
Many in Kandahar speak of a man who was brave, hospitable and willing to help the poor. He was also rich - controlling lucrative contracts from Western forces based in Kandahar.
At his house he held court, often handing out cash to poor villagers. Most people referred to him as the Robin Hood of Kandahar.
He was seen by many as a key anti-Taliban figure, someone who stood up to them, using his private army and vast network to fight the insurgents.
But his critics accused him of undermining the central government. President Karzai often consulted him on appointing officials in some southern provinces.
One tribal elder told me the tribes in Afghanistan were like the eyes and ears of the nation. With so many tribal leaders killed now, the nation, according to him, was deaf and blind.
Karzai was shot twice by his family friend and long-time head of security, Sardar Mohammed, who was himself killed almost immediately, in an attack claimed by the Taliban as one of their top achievements in 10 years of war.
Corrupt warlord?Bus-loads of mourners followed the body from the provincial governor of Kandahar's compound to his family village of Karz, some 20km (12 miles) away.
At the graveside, Hamid Karzai wept and kissed his dead half-brother's face as senior politicians looked on, before appealing to the militants to stop the bloodshed.
"My message for [the Taliban] is that my countryman, my brother, stop killing your own people," said Mr Karzai. "It's easy to kill and everyone can do it, but the real man is the one who can save people's lives."
Tuesday's killing was the latest and most high-profile in a series of assassinations of senior politicians and security commanders across the country.
It has raised questions about how to ensure the security of Afghanistan's top officials, while leaving a political vacuum in the country's south that many fear will play into Taliban hands.
"The reality in the south is that we have the drug problem, we have the insurgency problems, we have weak governance and we have a disaffected population," said former MP Daoud Sultanzoy.
"So when you look at all these things, the mishmash of capabilities of one person to deal with all these things is a very, very important trait in anybody who can come and fill this void."
Ahmad Wali Karzai could be replaced by one strong figure connected to the local tribal elite - possibly another of the president's brothers - or several bureaucrats, Mr Sultanzoy told the BBC's World Today programme.
Sleeper agent killer?Questions are being asked about how Kandahar's Mr Fix-it had his own security compromised, says the BBC's Quentin Sommerville in Kabul.
The Taliban say the killer was a sleeper agent, and that their intention was to make it more difficult for the Afghan government to exert control over the restive region.
Recent Afghan assassinations
- 28 May: Gen Mohammad Daud Daud, police commander for northern Afghanistan, killed in provincial governor's compound in Takhar
- 15 April: Khan Mohammad Mujahid, police chief of Kandahar province, killed in attack on police HQ
- 13 April: Pro-government tribal elder Haji Malik Zarin killed in attack in Kunar province
- 10 March: Abdul Rahman Sayedkhili, police chief of Kunduz province, killed in Kunduz city
- 29 Jan: Abdul Latif Ashna, deputy governor of Kandahar province, dies in attack on convoy in Kandahar city
- 7 Jan: Border police commander Haji Ramzan Aka killed in Spin Boldak
While the bodyguard's motives remain unclear, it seems unlikely that someone so close to the Karzai family was working for the insurgents, says our correspondent. Ahmad Wali Karzai stood accused of many things, from drug trafficking to large-scale corruption.
He had many enemies beyond the Taliban, and others in a criminal network may be to blame for his death, our correspondent adds.
Critics said Ahmad Wali Karzai was a warlord mired in corruption who was openly involved in the drugs trade and had a personal militia at his disposal.
His supporters saw him as a defender of Pashtun rights. The president repeatedly defended him, denouncing accusations that his brother was involved in criminal activities.
It is hard to overstate how important Ahmad Wali Karzai was in the south of Afghanistan and in Nato's efforts to combat the Taliban in their stronghold there, says our correspondent.
As head of the Kandahar Provincial Council, Ahmad Wali Karzai was a staunch ally of US and allied forces in Afghanistan - to the extent that they turned a blind eye to accusations he was involved in drug-trafficking, he adds.


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If its white white smoke, my first ck would be the vacuum modulator if it has an automatic. Jack it up, pull of the hose and if any tranny fluid drips from either the modulator or hose, replace the modulator, clean the plug and try it again.
Mark |
What "type" of rings did you use? ...cast iron, Moly, chrome? Cast iron rings would seat inside 100 miles, BUT the others take alot longer to seat. Until they do you'll get some smoking. Now this isn't like a fog machine, just alittle bit of smoking. A good way to seat the rings is take the car out on the road and take it up in RPMs in low gear then let off real quickly and let it coast down to idle. Do this a number of times and it'll will help your rings seat quicker. Good Luck! ...Mark
P.S. ...This should be a little blue smoke, if it's white and there's alot of it, you could be leaking coolant into the combustion chamber. |
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6th February 2013, 08:09 PM | #1 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jan 2013
speaker revamp Yamaha NS-A100XT
Ok so I would like to eventually build my own speakers from scratch. I had plans to build a kit with my father on my next break, but that fell through (work trip). As student I don't have the money to buy quality speakers to make my own or a woodworking shop like my father.
What I do have is a set of Yamaha NS-A100XT that i picked up from the goodwill which I would like to improve. So I would like to upgrade my spakers. things I am interested in doing are isolating the midrange as it in heavy bass sections is synchronous with the woofers i have been tempted to try cardboard tubes like from a oatmeal container. Is that a bad choice of meterials? . Also I am tempted to replace the crossover. I really want wo get into speaker building but my electronics experience comes down to a merit badge in which i learned to solder and a undergraduate physics corse. So I would like to try to get some experience with crossovers. I believe I can learn. I just dont know the best way to start. I might be over my head trying to rework the crossover but i would like to start somewhere. My schooling takes up a lot of time so I am not looking to be a profesional speaker builder i just want to get my hands dirty. so I could use some help with the crossover or advice. I relise it is complex and that i dont even know the difference between first order and second order crossovers or fully how a inducer works. ( I believe it filters high frequencies). I relise i dont have much information that might be needed like speaker response measurements. I dont have a mic. i dont even know what i need besides a mic. I am guessing a preamp and a way to put it in my computer and I have read about usb sound cards but I dont know what I would need. plus all my money is loans so I dont have a lot. if you could give me some help, or some advice even if it is to go a different direction. it would be greatly appreciated. below you will find a link to some discussion on the speakers. and a description of there sound in my opinion. I will post pictures of the currant crossovers latter. sorry this is such a long post. and I relise there is A lot of info already out there and I am open to read books or links i just need some help getting started. link They are ok I know allot of reviews are pretty bad but i find they work ok for movies but are a little muddy for music and a little harsh in the highs. when I compere them to stuff at the best buy I just end up thinking my ATH-M50 headphones sound better then all these. in spite of there flaws my speakers are decently full boddy sounding but muddy. where the B&W is very clear it just sounds empty also. |
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Only In Colombia
Many countries would be happy to have one spectacular coastline, Colombia has two. Many countries would be delighted to have one "cordillera," or mountain range, Colombia has three. From the Caribbean beaches of Cartagena, to the Amazon rainforest, to the high altitude capital of Bogota, Colombia offers a rich panoply of natural and cultural wonders. The most species of birds and butterflies, seven UNESCO World Heritage Sites, the oldest constitutional democracy in South America and arguably the world's finest coffee—Colombia never fails to delight.
Cartagena Re-writes Itself
By Carlos Serrano, in Magazine Photos by: Alvaro Delgado With a cool, new vibe that has earned…
Photo: Lee McCoy
Colombian Chocolate
Though not as famous as the chocolate produced in other Andean nations (looking at you, Ecuador!), Colombian-made…
Photo: Natalie Southwick
A Hike (or Not) Up Monserrate
Ask any Bogotá native what you should do in the city, and one of the first words… -


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What does DFCI stand for?
What does DFCI mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: DFCI.
We've found a total of 4 definitions for DFCI:
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"DFCI." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/DFCI>.


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Find the JNF office nearest to you and learn about exciting events and news in your home town. Learn more here »
Find gifts for all occasions and support JNF's programs in Israel. Shop now »
Chicago Lunch and Learn Foley & Lardner LLP
Date: Tuesday, March 11, 2014 Time: 11:30 AM - 1:00 PM Address: 321 North Clark Street, Suite 2800 Chicago, IL 60654 USA
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ROTRONIC offers a comprehensive range of humidity instruments: transmitters, data loggers, indicators, probes, sensors and humidity generators for the measurement and calibration of relative humidity, dew point, water activity and other humidity parameters. Problem-free, accurate measurement results from the most stable humidity sensor in the industry combined with our ...
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Founded in 1988 solely as an environmental consulting firm, EI's response to its clients' needs led to a natural progression for the company to widen its scope of services. As a result, EI began providing comprehensive consulting in areas including industrial hygiene, safety and occupational health. To further meet client needs, EI opened its Training and Compliance ...
Land Instruments International
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LAND are international designers and manufactures of a wide range of flue gas combustion efficiency and environmental emissions monitoring instrumentation. The product range includes both fixed and portable analysers for CO, O2, NO, NO2, NOx, H2S, SO2, CO2, CxHy, opacity, dust and particulate emissions, acid dewpoint temperature, PF coal combustion. LAND specializes in ...
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Enablon is the world's leading provider of Sustainability, EH&S and Operational Risk Management Software. More than 1,000 global companies and 1 million users rely on Enablon software solutions to manage their environmental and social performance, minimize risks and improve profitability. Enablon offers the most comprehensive platform in the industry, and is consistently ...
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Crowcon Detection Instruments develop, manufacture and market a complete range of portable and fixed gas detection products you can trust to protect people and plant against gas hazards. Established over 40 years the company has strong regional centres in North America, Singapore, The Netherlands and India, with a mature network of trained distributors covering almost ...
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BREEZE® modeling software predicts the impact of air emissions, fires, and explosions. Air dispersion models such as AERMOD/ISC and CALPUFF include many productivity-enhancing features such as fully integrated GIS capabilities. BREEZE Incident Analyst and LFG Fire/Risk products are used to analyze numerous accident scenarios including dense/jet gas releases, LNG ruptures, ...
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Bramidan is one of Europe`s leading suppliers of balers and compactor solutions for handling cardboard and plastic waste and other recyclable materials. Bramidan was founded in 1975 as a small, family owned company that sold farming equipment. In 1981 the company changed direction and entered the market for waste handling. Today, we are a strong and popular brand in many ...
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General Monitors is dedicated to benefiting society through leading-edge combustible gas, toxic gas, and flame detection monitoring products of the highest quality that protect life and property. With over 50 sales representatives around the globe, we provide exceptional service and after-sales support. Combining advanced sensing technology with superior service, General ...


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'Mad Men' Unzips Christina Hendricks' Season 5 Promo (Exclusive Video)
On the heels of Don and Roger, AMC declares "Joan is back" in the latest spot for the series' March 25 return.
Up until now, the promos for the upcoming season of Mad Men have focused on the gentlemen -- when any fan knows that the women hold most of the cards.
AMC dropped the latest teaser spot for Mad Men's fifth season, seen first at The Hollywood Reporter, and it pays tribute to one of the series' perennial scene-stealers: Joan Harris (née Holloway).
VIDEO: 'Mad Men' Season 5 Promos Tease the Return of Don Draper, Roger Sterling
"Joan is back" follows the Don- and Roger-centric spots that debuted over the weekend, swapping Jon Hamm and John Slattery for Christina Hendricks, seen here in full bombshell mode.
The ad does its best to recap where viewers last left Joan, nearly a year and a half ago when Season 4 ended its run. Her husband is off in Vietnam. And after Joan and Roger were mugged, their briefly rekindled affair resulted in a pregnancy. She told her boss that she'd "take care" of it, but the finale revealed she had left the abortion clinic without seeing it through.
PHOTOS: 17 New Shows Premiering in 2012
Series creator Matt Weiner recently spoke to THR about the uncharacteristic loose ends in the episode. "I more than anyone know that a lot of pleasure in the show is the accumulation of details," he said, "but I do think that last season's finale was kind of the most cliff-hanger-y we've done -- because it was such an abrupt shift."
Mad Men and SCDP's newly minted director of agency operations return to AMC on Mar. 25 with a two-hour episode.
Watch the promo below:
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- 22 Resorts
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- Home to Vail, Beaver Creek, Copper Mountain
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StartUpHire is the place to find Mobile jobs in and near Goleta. Review the list of Mobile Goleta career opportunities to the left. These Mobile jobs represent some of the most rewarding careers available.
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Looking Back at Project 2010: Part I
2009, has been a very complicated year for US National Team supporters. We've had the high of our first ever FIFA final combined with the low of a 5-0 loss to arch rival Mexico. We beat World Cup qualifier Honduras … Continue reading


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William F. Bottke
William F. "Bill" Bottke (born 1966) is a planetary scientist specializing in asteroids. He works at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
Bottke received his undergraduate degrees, in physics and astrophysics, at the University of Minnesota in 1988. In 1995, he received his PhD in planetary science from the University of Arizona for research on asteroid dynamics.
Research interests[edit]
Bottke's research focuses on modeling various properties in asteroid dynamics. He has published extensively on the importance of tidal disruption and the Yarkovsky and YORP effects on the physical structure and orbits of asteroids, and the early solar system, particularly the Late Heavy Bombardment.
K-Pg (K/T) impactor[edit]
In 2007, Bottke published a paper in Nature (with David Vokrouhlicky and David Nesvorny), proposing that the asteroid that produced the Chicxulub Crater and caused the Cretaceous mass extinction (although the latter is still contended) formed during an asteroid breakup in the main asteroid belt approximately 160 million years ago.[1] Bottke and his collaborators base this on a model for the evolution of the Baptistina asteroid family, in which fragments from the collision that formed the family migrate throughout the inner solar system. They date the event based on the current orbits of Baptistina family members, and then compute the orbital evolution of smaller (few-km) objects produced in the collision, and conclude that the Chicxulub impact or was one such object. They also propose that Tycho crater on the Moon was created by an object produced in the same collision.
- ^ An asteroid breakup 160[thinsp]Myr ago as the probable source of the K/T impactor : Abstract : Nature


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Ask Fortune
Senior Member
Ask Nautilus
"You have a hobby Big Daddy?"
Some days I think my anchor is weighing me down, do you have any suggestions to make me not feel this way?
Ask Gragas
The overly manly hunk of meat known as the manly Gragas appears out of nowhere, not chewing bees this time, but with nails puncturing through his manly jaws. He clearly had nails, without milk, for breakfast. So he points at Naughtylus in a manly manner, and then says one thing, and ONE THING ONLY: NAUGHTY NAUTILUS And then the manly hunk of meat starts to walk into the horizon, making it quake and shake and bake and snake and rake and fake and make and lake and... ok the fourth wall couldn't give enough words to not be considered spam. So then the horizon begins to shatter like glass, because the damn sun can't even handle the manliness that it's facing.
Murc VonSplinter
Dear Nautilus, Have you ever answered a question with more than 3 complete sentences?


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Brennan Scarlett commits to Cal
Greg BigginsCentral Catholic (Ore.) defensive lineman Brennan Scarlett announced moments ago at a school assembly he'll be playing his college ball at Cal. The talented rush end had also considered Stanford, Notre Dame, USC and UCLA. "I had three main things I ...
Blog | Conversation | January 13, 2011 -
Jason Gibson commits to Cal
Greg BigginsMonday was a big day for Cal as the Bears locked up Lakewood (Calif.) defensive lineman Todd Barr earlier in the day and then landed Serra (Gardena, Calif.) linebacker Jason Gibson at night. "I'm a Bear, I'm excited to get this out of the way," Gibs...
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Cal Bears making big moves on recruiting trail
Greg BigginsOregon is on the verge of landing their best recruiting class in years, but Cal could close just as strong and the Bears are also on the verge of a monster recruiting class. Those two are battling for prospects and two players we had pegged as Duck ...
Blog | Conversation | December 10, 2010 -
Washington commit Kameron Jackson taking a visit to Cal
Greg BigginsLong Beach (Calif.) Poly defensive back and Washington commit Kameron Jackson has had a strong senior season and other schools are taking notice. The talented corner picked up another Pac-10 offer last week and will take an official visit early next ...
Blog | Conversation | November 22, 2010 -
Devon Blackmon excited after Oregon visit
Greg BigginsDevon Blackmon (Walnut, Calif./Summit) took his first official visit of the year to Oregon this past weekend and it sounds like the Ducks are in a good spot for the talented athlete. "It was awesome," Blackmon said. "I had a great trip, it was one o...
Blog | Conversation | November 08, 2010 -
Jason Gibson sets up Oregon visit
Greg BigginsFour-star Jason Gibson (Gardena, Calif./Serra), who officially visited Cal officially three weeks ago, and has set up his second official visit. Gibson is one of the elite pass rushers in the West and could play outside linebacker or defensive end a...
Blog | Conversation | October 27, 2010 -
Marqise Lee takes surprise visit to Cal
Greg BigginsIn somewhat of a surprise move, Gardena (Calif.) Serra athlete Marqise Lee took an official visit to Cal over the weekend and the Bears could be a player in his recruitment moving forward. We caught up with Lee at the Cavaliers game with Rolling Hil...
Blog | Conversation | October 12, 2010 -
Four-star DE Jason Gibson starting to plan visits
Greg BigginsYou wouldn't think one of the top pass rushers in the West region with double digit scholarship offers could ever be overlooked but that seems to be happening a bit with Gardena (Calif.) Serra standout Jason Gibson. With so much attention focused on...
Blog | Conversation | September 22, 2010 -
Serra's Gibson likes Cal
Greg BigginsSerra (Gardena, Calif.) linebacker/defensive end prospect Jason Gibson has seen his stock rise dramatically the past month. His recruitment could come down to a battle between a pair of in-state Pac 10 schools. Gibson has been one of the top players...
Blog | Conversation | March 17, 2010


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Hello Everyone!
We are back and ready to continue to learn the basic elements of music: melody, harmony, timbre, expression, and form and continue to expand our world language vocabulary in Spanish. Please be sure to check out the Music Classes and Spanish Classes tabs to find out what's happening in class. Thanks for checking in each month. I will try harder to stay up to date. Mr. Koch |


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The wife wants me out of her kitchen. I have a 12,000 BTU camping stove in the garage. Will that work for a 5 gal. boil (or 3 gal. boil with 2 gal. top off)? I looked up some turkey fryers and those are rated at around 50K to 60K BTU's. So I'm thinking the camping stove might not do the job. Is anyone out there having any success with their camping stove?
no chance. my 80,000 btu burner struggles with a 6.5 gallon boil.
I thought so. Thanks!
Mynew camp stove is 10,000 BTU and I can tell you now, there is no way Id get a boil going on that thing, not even 3 gallons. Remember, 12000 BTU isnt making to your kettle, there is A LOT of wasted heat with propane burners.
I only use my 10,000 BTU burner for keeping the HLT hot. I pre-heat the water with a turkey burner.
Remember one unassailable statistic, as explained by the late, great George Carlin: "Just think of how stupid the average person is, and then realize half of them are even stupider!" "I would like to die on Mars, just not on impact." Elon Musk
I use a propane camp stove when I brew indoors. It works much better for 3 gallon boils than my electric stove. But, I wouldn't even consider using it for 5 gallon boils unless that was my only option. If the kitchen was not an option for me, I'd spring for the turkey fryer and do full boils.
I'd consider buying a turkey fryer on sale. Mine was about $40 and you get another kettle with it! It will easily boil the wort.
I was thinking about using my Coleman camp stove as a Bunsen burner to do my yeast starters directly in the flask so I don't have to pot->flask transfers since I have an electric stove. Then invest in a turkey fryer for the big boils.
What is the minimum BTU rateing Suggested?


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Library resources about Learning |
Learning is the act of acquiring new, or modifying and reinforcing, existing knowledge, behaviors, skills, values, or preferences and may involve synthesizing different types of information. The ability to learn is possessed by humans, animals and some machines. Progress over time tends to follow learning curves. Learning is not compulsory; it is contextual. It does not happen all at once, but builds upon and is shaped by previous knowledge. To that end, learning may be viewed as a process, rather than a collection of factual and procedural knowledge. Learning produces changes in the organism and the changes produced are relatively permanent.[1]
Human learning may occur as part of education, personal development, schooling, or training. It may be goal-oriented and may be aided by motivation. The study of how learning occurs is part of educational psychology, neuropsychology, learning theory, and pedagogy. Learning may occur as a result of habituation or classical conditioning, seen in many animal species, or as a result of more complex activities such as play, seen only in relatively intelligent animals.[2][3] Learning may occur consciously or without conscious awareness. Learning that an aversive event can't be avoided nor escaped is called learned helplessness.[4] There is evidence for human behavioral learning prenatally, in which habituation has been observed as early as 32 weeks into gestation, indicating that the central nervous system is sufficiently developed and primed for learning and memory to occur very early on in development.[5]
Play has been approached by several theorists as the first form of learning. Children experiment with the world, learn the rules, and learn to interact through play. Lev Vygotsky agrees that play is pivotal for children's development, since they make meaning of their environment through play. 85 percent of brain development occurs during the first five years of a child's life.[6]
Non-associative learning refers to "a relatively permanent change in the strength of response to a single stimulus due to repeated exposure to that stimulus. Changes due to such factors as sensory adaptation, fatigue, or injury do not qualify as non-associative learning."[7]
Non-associative learning can be divided into habituation and sensitization.
In psychology, habituation is an example of non-associative learning in which there is a progressive diminution of behavioral response probability with repetition stimulus. An animal first responds to a stimulus, but if it is neither rewarding nor harmful the animal reduces subsequent responses. One example of this can be seen in small song birds—if a stuffed owl (or similar predator) is put into the cage, the birds initially react to it as though it were a real predator. Soon the birds react less, showing habituation. If another stuffed owl is introduced (or the same one removed and re-introduced), the birds react to it again as though it were a predator, demonstrating that it is only a very specific stimulus that is habituated to (namely, one particular unmoving owl in one place). Habituation has been shown in essentially every species of animal, as well as the sensitive plant Mimosa pudica [8] and the large protozoan Stentor coeruleus.[9]
Sensitisation is an example of non-associative learning in which the progressive amplification of a response follows repeated administrations of a stimulus (Bell et al., 1995)[citation needed]. An everyday example of this mechanism is the repeated tonic stimulation of peripheral nerves that will occur if a person rubs his arm continuously. After a while, this stimulation will create a warm sensation that will eventually turn painful. The pain is the result of the progressively amplified synaptic response of the peripheral nerves warning the person that the stimulation is harmful.[clarification needed] Sensitisation is thought to underlie both adaptive as well as maladaptive learning processes in the organism.
Associative learning is the process by which an association between two stimuli or a behavior and a stimulus is learned. The two forms of associative learning are classical and operant conditioning. In the former a previously neutral stimulus is repeatedly presented together with a reflex eliciting stimuli until eventually the neutral stimulus will elicit a response on its own. In operant conditioning a certain behavior is either reinforced or punished which results in an altered probability that the behavior will happen again. Honeybees display associative learning through the proboscis extension reflex paradigm.[10]
Operant conditioning is the use of consequences to modify the occurrence and form of behavior. Operant conditioning is distinguished from Pavlovian conditioning in that operant conditioning uses reinforcement/punishment to alter an action-outcome association. In contrast Pavlovian conditioning involves strengthening of the stimulus-outcome association.
Elemental theories of associative learning argue that concurrent stimuli tend to be perceived as separate units rather than 'holistically' (i.e. as a single unit)[11]
Behaviorism is a psychological movement that seeks to alter behavior by arranging the environment to elicit successful changes and to arrange consequences to maintain or diminish a behavior. Behaviorists study behaviors that can be measured and changed by the environment. However, they do not deny that there are thought processes that interact with those behaviors (see Relational Frame Theory for more information).
Delayed discounting is the process of devaluing rewards based on the delay of time they are presented. This process is thought to be tied to impulsivity. Impulsivity is a core process for many behaviors (e.g., substance abuse, problematic gambling, OCD). Making decisions is an important part of everyday functioning. How we make those decisions is based on what we perceive to be the most valuable or worthwhile actions. This is determined by what we find to be the most reinforcing stimuli. So when teaching an individual a response, you need to find the most potent reinforcer for that person. This may be a larger reinforcer at a later time or a smaller immediate reinforcer.
The typical paradigm for classical conditioning involves repeatedly pairing an unconditioned stimulus (which unfailingly evokes a reflexive response) with another previously neutral stimulus (which does not normally evoke the response). Following conditioning, the response occurs both to the unconditioned stimulus and to the other, unrelated stimulus (now referred to as the "conditioned stimulus"). The response to the conditioned stimulus is termed a conditioned response. The classic example is Pavlov and his dogs. Meat powder naturally will make a dog salivate when it is put into a dog's mouth; salivating is a reflexive response to the meat powder. Meat powder is the unconditioned stimulus (US) and the salivation is the unconditioned response (UR). Then Pavlov rang a bell before presenting the meat powder. The first time Pavlov rang the bell, the neutral stimulus, the dogs did not salivate, but once he put the meat powder in their mouths they began to salivate. After numerous pairings of the bell and the food the dogs learned that the bell was a signal that the food was about to come and began to salivate when the bell was rung. Once this occurred, the bell became the conditioned stimulus (CS) and the salivation to the bell became the conditioned response (CR).
Another influential person in the world of Classical Conditioning is John B. Watson. Watson's work was very influential and paved the way for B.F. Skinner's radical behaviorism. Watson's behaviorism (and philosophy of science) stood in direct contrast to Freud. Watson's view was that Freud's introspective method was too subjective, and that we should limit the study of human development to directly observable behaviors. In 1913, Watson published the article "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views," in which he argued that laboratory studies should serve psychology best as a science. Watson's most famous, and controversial, experiment, "Little Albert", where he demonstrated how psychologists can account for the learning of emotion through classical conditioning principles.
Imprinting is the special type of learning in which young animals, particularly birds, make a strong association with another individual or in some cases, an object. In 1935, the Austrian Zoologist Konrad Lorenz discovered that certain birds will follow and form a bond with a moving object shortly after hatching. Under normal conditions, the object is the mother. Thus imprinting has a survival value because it ensures that the young birds will not wander off away from their mother's protection. Under experimental conditions, however, the young hatchling will imprint on just about any moving object (even human beings), particularly if the object makes sounds.
Play generally describes behavior which has no particular end in itself, but improves performance in similar situations in the future. This is seen in a wide variety of vertebrates besides humans, but is mostly limited to mammals and birds. Cats are known to play with a ball of string when young, which gives them experience with catching prey. Besides inanimate objects, animals may play with other members of their own species or other animals, such as orcas playing with seals they have caught. Play involves a significant cost to animals, such as increased vulnerability to predators and the risk of injury and possibly infection. It also consumes energy, so there must be significant benefits associated with play for it to have evolved. Play is generally seen in younger animals, suggesting a link with learning. However, it may also have other benefits not associated directly with learning, for example improving physical fitness.
Play, as it pertains to humans as a form of learning is central to a child's learning and development. Through play, children learn social skills such as sharing and collaboration. Children develop emotional skills such as learning to deal with the emotion of anger, through play activities. As a form of learning, play also facilitates the development of thinking and language skills in children.[12]
There are five types of play:
These five types of play are often intersecting. All types of play generate thinking and problem-solving skills in children. Children learn to think creatively when they learn through play.[13] Specific activities involved in each type of play change over time as humans progress through the lifespan. Play as a form of learning, can occur solitarily, or involve interacting with others.
Enculturation is the process by which a person learns the values and behaviors that are appropriate or necessary in the culture by which he or she is surrounded.[14] Parents, other adults, and peers shape the individual's understanding of these values.[14] If successful, enculturation results in competence in the language, values and rituals of the culture.[14] This is different from acculturation, where a person adopts the values and societal rules of a culture different from their native one.
Multiple examples of enculturation can be found cross-culturally. Collaborative practices in the Mazahua people have shown that participation in everyday interaction and later learning activities contributed to enculturation which is rooted in nonverbal social experience.[15] As the children participated in everyday activities, they learned the cultural significance of these interactions. The collaborative and helpful behaviors exhibited by Mexican and Mexican-heritage children is a cultural practice known as being "acomedido".[16] Chillihuani girls in Peru described themselves as weaving constantly, following behavior shown by the other adults.[17]
Episodic learning is a change in behavior that occurs as a result of an event.[18] For example, a fear of dogs that follows being bitten by a dog is episodic learning. Episodic learning is so named because events are recorded into episodic memory, which is one of the three forms of explicit learning and retrieval, along with perceptual memory and semantic memory.[19]
Multimedia learning is where a person uses both auditory and visual stimuli to learn information (Mayer 2001). This type of learning relies on dual-coding theory (Paivio 1971).
Electronic learning or e-learning is a general term used to refer to computer-enhanced learning. A specific and always more diffused e-learning is mobile learning (m-learning), which uses different mobile telecommunication equipment, such as cellular phones.
When a learner interacts with the e-learning environment, it's called augmented learning. By adapting to the needs of individuals, the context-driven instruction can be dynamically tailored to the learner's natural environment. Augmented digital content may include text, images, video, audio (music and voice). By personalizing instruction, augmented learning has been shown to improve learning performance for a lifetime.[20] See also Minimally Invasive Education.
Moore (1989)[21] purported that three core types of interaction are necessary for quality, effective online learning:
In his theory of transactional distance, Moore (1993)[22] contented that structure and interaction or dialogue bridge the gap in understanding and communication that is created by geographical distances (known as transactional distance).
Rote learning is memorizing information so that it can be recalled by the learner exactly the way it was read or heard. The major technique used for rote learning is learning by repetition, based on the idea that a learner can recall the material exactly (but not its meaning) if the information is repeatedly processed. Rote learning is used in diverse areas, from mathematics to music to religion. Although it has been criticized by some educators, rote learning is a necessary precursor to meaningful learning.
Meaningful learning is the concept that learned knowledge (e.g., a fact) is fully understood to the extent that it relates to other knowledge. To this end, meaningful learning contrasts with rote learning in which information is acquired without regard to understanding. Meaningful learning, on the other hand, implies there is a comprehensive knowledge of the context of the facts learned.[23]
Informal learning occurs through the experience of day-to-day situations (for example, one would learn to look ahead while walking because of the danger inherent in not paying attention to where one is going). It is learning from life, during a meal at table with parents, play, exploring, etc.
Formal learning is learning that takes place within a teacher-student relationship, such as in a school system. The term formal learning has nothing to do with the formality of the learning, but rather the way it is directed and organized. In formal learning, the learning or training departments set out the goals and objectives of the learning.[24]
Nonformal learning is organized learning outside the formal learning system. For example: learning by coming together with people with similar interests and exchanging viewpoints, in clubs or in (international) youth organizations, workshops.
The educational system may use a combination of formal, informal, and nonformal learning methods. The UN and EU recognize these different forms of learning (cf. links below). In some schools students can get points that count in the formal-learning systems if they get work done in informal-learning circuits. They may be given time to assist international youth workshops and training courses, on the condition they prepare, contribute, share and can prove this offered valuable new insight, helped to acquire new skills, a place to get experience in organizing, teaching, etc.
In order to learn a skill, such as solving a Rubik's Cube quickly, several factors come into play at once:
Tangential learning is the process by which people will self-educate if a topic is exposed to them in a context that they already enjoy. For example, after playing a music-based video game, some people may be motivated to learn how to play a real instrument, or after watching a TV show that references Faust and Lovecraft, some people may be inspired to read the original work.[25] Self-education can be improved with systematization. According to experts in natural learning, self-oriented learning training has proven to be an effective tool for assisting independent learners with the natural phases of learning.[26]
Dialogic learning is a type of learning based on dialogue.
This type of learning is not planned by either the instructor or the student but occurs as a byproduct of another activity, which may be an experience, observation, self-reflection, interaction, unique event or common routine task. Learning which happens in addition to or apart from the instructor's plans and the student's expectations.
Incidental learning is an occurrence that is not generally accounted for using the traditional methods of instructional objectives and outcomes assessment. This type of learning occurs in part as a product of social interaction and active involvement in both online and onsite courses. Research implies that there are un-assessed aspects of onsite and online learning which challenge the equivalency of education between the two modalities. Both onsite and online learning have distinct advantages with traditional on-campus students experiencing higher degrees of incidental learning in three times as many areas as online students. Additional research is called for to investigate the implications of these findings both conceptually and pedagogically.[27]
Benjamin Bloom has suggested three domains of learning:
These domains are not mutually exclusive. For example, in learning to play chess, the person will have to learn the rules of the game (cognitive domain); but he also has to learn how to set up the chess pieces on the chessboard and also how to properly hold and move a chess piece (psychomotor). Furthermore, later in the game the person may even learn to love the game itself, value its applications in life, and appreciate its history (affective domain).[28]
Transfer of learning is the application of skill, knowledge or understanding to resolve a novel problem or situation. which happens when certain conditions are fulfilled. Research indicates that learning transfer is infrequent; most common when "... cued, primed, and guided..."[29] and has sought to clarify what it is, and how it might be promoted through instruction.
Over the history of its discourse, various hypotheses and definitions have been advanced. First, it is speculated that different types of transfer exist, including: near transfer, the application of skill to solve a novel problem in a similar context; and far transfer, the application of skill to solve novel problem presented in a different context.[30] Furthermore, Perkins and Salomon (1992) suggest that positive transfer in cases when learning supports novel problem solving, and negative transfer occurs when prior learning inhibits performance on highly correlated tasks, such as second or third-language learning.[31] Concepts of positive and negative transfer have a long history; researchers in the early 20th century described the possibility that "...habits or mental acts developed by a particular kind of training may inhibit rather than facilitate other mental activities".[32] Finally, Schwarz, Bransford and Sears (2005) have proposed that transferring knowledge into a situation may differ from transferring knowledge out to a situation as a means to reconcile findings that transfer may both be frequent and challenging to promote.[33]
A significant and long research history has also attempted to explicate the conditions under which transfer of learning might occur. Early research by Ruger, for example, found that the "level of attention", "attitudes", "method of attack" (or method for tackling a problem), a "search for new points of view", "a careful testing of hypothesis" and "generalization" were all valuable approaches for promoting transfer.[34] To encourage transfer through teaching, Perkins and Salomon recommend aligning ("hugging") instruction with practice and assessment, and "bridging", or encouraging learners to reflect on past experiences or make connections between prior knowledge and current content.[31]
Active learning occurs when a person takes control of their learning experience. Since understanding information is the key aspect of learning, it is important for learners to recognize what they understand and what they do not. By doing so, they can monitor their own mastery of subjects. Active learning encourages learners to have an internal dialogue in which they are verbalizing their understandings. This and other meta-cognitive strategies can be taught to a child over time. Studies within metacognition have proven the value in active learning, claiming that the learning is usually at a stronger level as a result.[35] In addition, learners have more incentive to learn when they have control over not only how they learn but also what they learn.[36]
There are two ways in which animals can gain knowledge. The first of these two ways is learning. This is when an animal gathers information about its surrounding environment and then proceeds to use this information. For example, if an animal eats something that hurts its stomach, it may learn not to eat this again. The second way that an animal can acquire knowledge is through innate knowledge. This knowledge is genetically inherited. The animal automatically knows it without any prior experience. An example of this is when a horse is born and can immediately walk. The horse has not learned this behavior; it simply knows how to do it.[37] In some scenarios, innate knowledge is more beneficial than learned knowledge. However, in other scenarios the opposite is true - animals must learn certain behaviors when it is disadvantageous to have a specific innate behavior. In these situations, learning evolves in the species.
In a changing environment, an animal must constantly be gaining new information in order to survive. However, in a stable environment this same individual need only to gather the information it needs once and rely on it for the duration of its life. Therefore, there are different scenarios in which learning or innate knowledge is better suited. Essentially, the cost of obtaining certain knowledge versus the benefit of already having it determined whether an animal evolved to learn in a given situation or whether it innately knew the information. If the cost of gaining the knowledge outweighed the benefit of having it, then the individual would not have evolved to learn in this scenario; instead, non-learning would evolve. However, if the benefit of having certain information outweighed the cost of obtaining it, then the animal would be far more likely to evolve to have to learn this information.[37]
Non-learning is more likely to evolve in two scenarios. If an environment is static and change does not or rarely occurs then learning would simply be unnecessary. Because there is no need for learning in this scenario – and because learning could prove to be disadvantageous due to the time it took to learn the information – non-learning evolves. However, if an environment were in a constant state of change then learning would also prove to be disadvantageous. Anything learned would immediately become irrelevant because of the changing environment.[37] The learned information would no longer apply. Essentially, the animal would be just as successful if it took a guess as if it learned. In this situation, non-learning would evolve. In fact, it was shown in a study of Drosophila melanogaster that learning can actually lead to a decrease in productivity, possibly because egg-laying behaviors and decisions were impaired by interference from the memories gained from the new learned materials or because of the cost of energy in learning.[38]
However, in environments where change occurs within an animal's lifetime but is not constant, learning is more likely to evolve. Learning is beneficial in these scenarios because an animal can adapt to the new situation, but can still apply the knowledge that it learns for a somewhat extended period of time. Therefore, learning increases the chances of success as opposed to guessing.[37] An example of this is seen in aquatic environments with landscapes subject to change. In these environments learning is favored because the fish are predisposed to learn the specific spatial cues where they live.[39]
Machine learning, a branch of artificial intelligence, concerns the construction and study of systems that can learn from data. For example, a machine learning system could be trained on email messages to learn to distinguish between spam and non-spam messages.
(help)Library resources about Learning |


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We're here with a pair of universal breather caps from Ford Racing. These breather caps have the Ford Mustang logo embossed on the front, are available in either a black crinkle finish or a chrome finish. They'll fit anything with a 1 1/4-inch hole, and include the grommet, as well. These push-in style breather caps will fit all Ford Racing valve covers as well as any valve cover with a 1 1/4-inch hole.


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Lord of the rings GALADRIEL RING Nenya Water on a neckace LOTR - Prop Replica Nenya, also named the Ring of Adamant and the Ring of Water. It is one of the three ring which is free of Sauron's influence. The ring is wielded by Galadriel formerly known as atariel of Lórien. The Ring has the radiance that matches the stars. Nenya's power was preservation, protection, and concealment from evil. The Ring is made of high quality metal alloy in silver tone with a Ziconic crystal On a 24" chain Every Purchase come with attractive gift box.
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SAMUEL ANDERSON GENUINE AUTOGRAPH DIMENSIONS 2015 FEATURING COLIN BAKER 28th FEBRUARY FEATURING MAUREEN O'BRIEN DOCTOR WHO CARES 2 FEATURING CLAIRE BLOOM


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The Matildas opened their Australia Cup women's soccer campaign with a 2-0 victory against New Zealand at QEII Stadium in Brisbane last night.
The final score flattered the visitors, with the youthful Kiwi squad struggling to match the Australians' speed and intensity.
Australia's forward line ran circles around New Zealand's defence with April Mann and debutante Sarah Walsh both claiming first-half goals.
The Matildas had 13 scoring opportunities in the opening half but had to wait until the 25th minute when Mann chipped over the head of New Zealand goalkeeper Jenny Bindon.
Five minutes later, Walsh unleashed a strike from the edge of the box that slipped through Bindon's hands.
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Videodrome 126 – This week's best videos November 27, 2013 in Videodrome with Factory Floor, Nguzunguzu, Sky Ferreira by Moritz Gayard New music videos of the week with Sky Ferreira, Popnoname, Factory Floor, Nguzunguzu and many – more
Beats Per Month: November, 2013 November 12, 2013 in BPM with Fis, Mr. Beatnick, Nguzunguzu, Objekt, Pearson Sound, Renaissance Man by Louise Brailey In our BPM column, we review a clutch of the most intriguing electronic music currently on offer. This month, Louise Brailey on Mr. Beatnick, Fis, Objekt, Nguzunguzu, Pearson Sound, and Renaissance Man. – more
Audioccult Vol. 77: ASMR & Shreklationships October 17, 2013 in Audioccult with Nguzunguzu by Daniel Jones Get some tingles from the sounds of Austra, Nguzunguzu, Purple, Teen Witch, DeadFader, and learn why the Shrek films are the perfect drug. – more
Audioccult Vol. 54: Tips for the '90s Fashionista May 10, 2013 in Audioccult with Chief Keef, Crim3s, Ghostek, Lustmord, Nguzunguzu, RL Grime, Slava, Standish/Carlyon, Vaghe Stelle by Daniel Jones In this week's episode: what's the stylish retro-modern teen wearing and listening to in 2013? Garb your ears in Lustmord, Crim3s, Slava, Chief Keef, and more. – more
Unexpexual: An interview with Total Freedom February 21, 2013 in Interviews with AIDS-3D, Ashland Mines, Diamond Black Hearted Boy, Jaws, Kingdom, Massacoormaan, Nguzunguzu, Ryan Trecartin, Total Freedom, Venus X by Daniel Jones Ashland Mines is well-known in the club music underground for his wildness as a DJ and remixer. Join us to find out what surprising noises he's making this year. – more
2012 Editor's Picks: Daniel Jones December 23, 2012 in Reviews with Chelsea Wolfe, CVLT Nation, Holy Other, Lauren Bousfield, Le1f, Litanic Mask, Married In Berdichev, Nguzunguzu, Rudimentary Peni, Vatican Shadow by Daniel Jones From the blissful sorrows of Chelsea Wolfe to the militarized techno grimness of Vatican Shadow, find out what our most esoteric writer has chosen to call 'audio heaven' this year. – more
No Trend: an interview with Venus X December 17, 2012 in Interviews with A$AP ROCKY, Fatima Al Qadiri, Nguzunguzu, Total Freedom, Venus X by Dreea Pavel Go green with the mind behind GHE20 G0TH1k and one of NYC's most fascinating DJs: "People would like me to rap but I don't like what rap does to women. As a woman of color, I feel like I have too much power to just be another female rapper." – more
Videodrome 80 – This weeks best videos December 11, 2012 in Videodrome with Autre Ne Veut, Barker & Baumecker, Black Pus, Django Django, How To Dress Well, Mykki Blanco, Nguzunguzu, Only Real, YACHT by Moritz Gayard Time for brand-new videos from around the world, this week V I D e O D R O M E features clips from the likes of Nguzunguzu, Kavinsky, Barker & Baumecker and many – more
Editor's Choice 12 September 19, 2012 in Editor's Choice with Blue Stork, Friendly Fires, Hauschka, Kraftwerk, Laurel Halo, Metronomy, MGMT, Naytronix, Nguzunguzu, Robert Owens, Shelter Point, Stereolab, tUnE-yArDs by EB Team What's that? You want to know what's been going in our ears this week, reverberating our cochleas and sending broader vibrations throughout our bodies and by extension our audio-addled souls? That's a coincidence: here's this week's Editor's Choice. – more
My name is Mykki: an interview with Mykki Blanco July 31, 2012 in Interviews with Brenmar, Flosstradamus, Le Tigre, Le1f, Mykki Blanco, Nguzunguzu, Teengirl Fantasy by Irina Makarova Fearless. Poet. Performance artist. Rapper. Punk. Mykki Blanco is all of these, and more. I won't say her debut EP Mykki Blanco & The Mutant Angels is game-changing; the lethal, industrial-punk beats and jagged, take-no-prisoners flow within defy the game. Those who champion the silly idea of 'gay rap' group her with equally-intriguing East Coasters – more


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Young New Yorkers who want to smoke will soon have to wait for their 21st birthdays before they can buy a pack of cigarettes.
That's because the New York City Council has voted overwhelmingly to approve a bill that would raise the purchasing age for cigarettes, certain tobacco products and even electronic-vapor smokes from 18 to 21.
Lawmakers voted Wednesday. The bill is supported by Mayor Michael Bloomberg. He has 30 days to sign it into law.
The council also passed a bill that sets a minimum $10.50-a-pack price for tobacco cigarettes and steps up law enforcement on illegal tobacco sales.
Advocates hope raising the age will reduce smoking rates among young people. Critics say it's patronizing to bar people from smoking while allowing them to serve in the military.
New York City Council increases smoking age
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Thanksgiving Main Dish Recipes and Whole Foods Market Gift Card
What'll Be Your Main Dish For Thanksgiving? Vote to Donate and For a Chance to Win $1,000 From Whole Foods Market
This Thanksgiving, we're not only giving thanks, but we're also giving back with a special Whole Foods Market Thanksgiving giveaway. To enter to win a $1,000 gift card to Whole Foods Market, check out our five favorite main dishes from Whole Foods Market's recipe collection by clicking through the slideshow. Then, vote for your favorite; for every vote cast, YumSugar will donate 25 cents to the Whole Kids Foundation (up to $5,000). After you've cast your vote, check out the last slide for details on how to enter to win.
Help us donate more by voting for your favorite side dish, and stay tuned for more recipes in the coming week. Until then, click through to pick your favorite main dish and we'll donate to the Whole Kids Foundation! Don't forget to check out Whole Foods Market's Thanksgiving Shop for everything you need for your Holiday meal.
- 1 of these makeup brushes doesn't even have bristles — Real Simple
- Tricks to control frizzy strands — SheFinds
- Gorgeous pastel makeup to try this Spring — InStyle
- Waterproof mascara that passes a fighter pilot's tests — Allure
- When to apply moisturizer for soft skin all day long — The Cut
- This tool is the secret to perfectly defined lashes — Daily Makeover
- What to do if you got a bad Botox injection — Byrdie
- How to incorporate honey into your beauty routine — xoVain


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David Wright
MP, Telford
MP, Telford
See our much more detailed, easier-to-read analysis of votes on health, welfare, foreign policy, social issues, taxation and more.
David Wright hardly ever rebelled against their party in this parliament
I am pleased to say that Telford & Wrekin council has signed the covenant on a cross-party basis. What has the Minister done internally, within the Government, to ensure that individual Departments are delivering on the covenant? The Ministry of Defence is doing a very good job, but it is important for other Departments to commit themselves as well.
To ask Mr Chancellor of the Exchequer, what payments the Government has made to (a) Capgemini and (b) Fujitsu for work decommissioning tax credits.
More of David Wright's recent appearances
RSS feed (?)Labour MP for Telford
Entered House of Commons on 7 June 2001 — General election
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Last updated: 23 Feb 2015.
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This data was produced by TheyWorkForYou from a variety of sources. Voting information from Public Whip.


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Results 1 to 12 of 19
Thread: Tilers seat
29-08-2011 #1
Tilers seat
has anyone ever used one of these was thinking of getting one but was looking to see if anyone has used one before
RAIMONDI 'Nelson' Tilers Mobile Kneeling SeatRA383COMBI | eBay
29-08-2011 #2
- Join Date
- Sep 2010
- Location
- Grantham, Lincolnshire
- Posts
- 11,769
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Never used one, a lot of money aren't they! I'm pretty sure you could knock something similar up yourself for a fraction of the price. Find an old skate board and pinch a cushion off the sofa!
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29-08-2011 #3
Re: Tilers seat
how much,holy bull. like bri said,make one,or just use knee pads
29-08-2011 #4
Re: Tilers seat
it is pretty pricey was just thinking it could b handy on big floors
29-08-2011 #5
Re: Tilers seat
If you do big floors then its ok but watch your fingers when moving around. I had one for a short time but caught my fingers too often...and it piggin hurts
Post Thanks / Like - 0 Thanks, 1 LikesAston liked this post
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29-08-2011 #6
Re: Tilers seat
Got a Dural one, didn't pay anywhere near that though. Comes in handy on big floors
[email protected]
07711 310 960
Measure twice cut once
29-08-2011 #7
Re: Tilers seat
where did u get that one phill ?
29-08-2011 #8
Re: Tilers seat
[email protected]
07711 310 960
Measure twice cut once
29-08-2011 #9
Re: Tilers seat
Attachment 31838
18mm ply judo mat and 4 wheels from tool station cost about £7.00 all in*Post Thanks / Like - 0 Thanks, 1 LikesAston liked this post
29-08-2011 #10
Re: Tilers seat
You can get these,or why not make your own.D W Tiling.Covering all of East Kent.Commercial or domestic. 07752893630.
email [email protected]
29-08-2011 #11
Re: Tilers seat
I like the comfort of the padded seat Dean, my age you know.
Post Thanks / Like - 0 Thanks, 1 Likesdeanotile liked this post
07711 310 960
Measure twice cut once
29-08-2011 #12user123Guest
Re: Tilers seat
There are almost identical garden kneelers with seats about, like the Raimondi one, with comfier looking seats, might be worth looking into them and attaching wheels?
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Are you having trouble with our online store or was there a problem with your order? Check out our FAQ link for the answers to many common questions and issues. If you need further assistance, please click here to contact customer service or call us at 1-877-860-3999. Our customer service team is available 24 hours a day 7 days a week. Cookies made and shipped from Pittsburgh, PA.
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The Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine's mission is to apply innovative mathematical, statistical and computational techniques to enable, inform and improve basic and clinical biomedical research. Established in 2006, the center was renamed in 2007 to the Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine following a transformative gift of $5 million from Battelle Memorial Institute, which also established the Battelle Chair in Quantitative and Computational Biology.
Mathematical Modeling
Data Visualization
Software Development
Veronica Vieland, PhD, director of the Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, organized the symposium, "Extracting Evidence from Biological Data: Multiple Disciplines Get In on the Act" for the 2015 meeting.
Read more on the website for the AAAS 2015 Annual Meeting.
Mystery #7 includes measurement of evidence, based on a publication from Vieland et al. (Science News, January 28, 2015).
Read more about the publication here.
Veronica Vieland, PhD, director of the Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, was recently awarded a $500,000 grant from the W.M. Keck Foundation for her research study, "Measuring the Evidence in Evidence-Based Medical Research."
BCMM Faculty
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Wed | ||
Start: 7:30 pm
Colfax Avenue: Internationally renowned poet Anne Waldman, co-founder of the Jack Kerouac School of Disembodied Poetics at the Naropa Institute in Boulder, Colorado, where she still teaches, is acclaimed for her visionary, incantatory verse and her experimental ethos. Waldman will read from and sign her new book Gossamurmur ($20.00 Viking), a book-length oracular poem offering a witty meditation on identity theft and a searing plea for the primacy of imagination and for collective sanity in our provocative yet precarious time.
Can't make it to the signing? Request an autographed copy here: firstname.lastname@example.com
Start: 7:30 pm
Highlands Ranch: Historian, musician and writer Mark Lee Gardner, author of the bestselling To Hell on a Fast Horse: The Untold Story of Billy the Kid and Pat Garrett, will discuss and sign his new book Shot All to Hell: Jesse James, the Northfield Raid, and the Wild West's Greatest Escape ($27.99 William Morrow). A galloping true tale of frontier justice featuring audacious outlaws and intrepid heroes, Shot All to Hell is a riveting slice of Wild West history that continues to fascinate today. Can't make it to the signing? Request an autographed copy here: email@example.com Mark Lee Gardner's website
Start: 7:30 pm
Historic LoDo: Kenneth E. Salyer, M.D., is internationally recognized as a pioneer and leader in craniofacial surgery. In 1989, he established the World Craniofacial Foundation to treat children who had nowhere else to turn. He is also founder of the International Craniofacial Institute and the Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment Center at Medical City Hospital in Dallas, Texas. Salyer will discuss and sign his inspiring memoir A Life That Matters: Transforming Faces, Renewing Lives ($17.00 Center Street). Can't make it to the signing? Request an autographed copy here: firstname.lastname@example.com Kenneth Salyer's website


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Sean Garrett - She Geeked (Remix)
Artist: Sean Garrett
Featuring: Busta Rhymes, Ludacris, Twista
Producer: Blac Elvis
Album: Untitled Debut
Avg Rating: 3.5 ( 24 votes )
How did the term "geek" go from referring to a sideshow performer, to being synonymous with "nerd," to describing a state of extreme, possibly drug-fueled excitement? Beats me – language works in mysterious ways. In any case, those who want to be on the cutting edge of modern slang can take their cues from Sean Garret's latest offering, She Geeked. On this remixed version of the mixtape cut, the brand new Roc Nation/Columbia signee trades original collaborators Tyga and Gucci Mane for three bigger names: joining Garrett over the schizophrenic production of Blac Elvis are NYC vet Busta Rhymes, guest-rapper extraordinaire Ludacris, and Chi-town motormouth Twista. Together, the collaborators serve up a veritable smorgasboard of larger-than life delivery, head-spinning flows and (in the headliner's case) smooth sung vocals. She Geeked (Remix) is set for inclusion on Sean Garrett's yet-untitled stateside debut (his second album, in total), which is scheduled to drop sometime next year. In the meantime, fans can find the original version of the joint on Garrett's the Inkwell street album, released August 24, and available now online.
Sean GarrettBusta RhymesLudacrisTwista DownloadsClub
Written by richard on 10/20/10
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Bet I Penned It
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Grippin on My Bed ft. Ludacris" (2008)
Total DJ Booth Features:
18 Songs
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Said Bronmin Shumway, current president of the APS, "This year, we have some of the most interesting and accomplished judges recruited. I expect our awards ceremony in May 2014 to be a poetic blast."
Past judges of APS contests have included Ilya Kaminsky, Budd Powell Mahan and Naomi Shihab Nye.
Continued Shumway, "It's always fun to see an APS member be recognized for his or her work. It's even more interesting when a previously unknown poet makes a splash as a result of winning an APS contest. Acknowledging and uncovering local talent is an APS tradition."
APS annual contest entries can now be submitted online through Submittable as well as by regular mail. Winning an APS annual contest results in a monetary award and the potential to be included in the APS's upcoming anthology, Best Austin Poetry 2013 – 2014, to be published after the May 2014 awards ceremony.
Only APS members are eligible to enter APS contests. To learn how to become a member of the APS, visit www.austinpoetrysociety.org. All annual contest submissions must be postmarked or received by March 31, 2014.
About the APS:
The Austin Poetry (APS) was founded in 1949, and has been a chapter of the Poetry Society of Texas since that time. Four members of the APS have been poets laureate of Texas, and other members have won numerous national and international prizes and been widely published. In addition to sponsoring monthly and annual poetry contests, the APS presents the Jenny Lind Porter Scholarship to a deserving Texas college student each year, hosts regular meetings, workshops and events, and periodically publishes a member anthology. For more information on the APS and all of the things it is doing to promote poetry and literature in our community, or to become a member, visit www.austinpoetrysociety.org.


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Mykonos Martini
- Total Time:
- 5 min
- Prep:
- 5 min
- Yield:
- 1 serving
- Level:
- Easy
- 1 part gin
- 1 splash dry white vermouth
- 1 splash kalamata olive juice
- Kalamata olives, for garnish
Add gin, vermouth, and olive juice to a cocktail shaker filled with ice. Shake vigorously.
Pour into chilled martini glasses. Garnish with a pick skewered with kalamata olives.
Recipe courtesy Sandra Lee
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Heirloom Martini
Recipe courtesy of Guy Fieri
Gingerbread Martini
Recipe courtesy of Sandra Lee
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Snatching Defeat out of the Jaws of Victory
Nov 29, 2012When it comes to the fiscal cliff, the president is in a superb tactical position. Why is he making concessions before he has to?
This Goes Out to All the Ladies
Nov 29, 2012Now that he's been re-elected, Obama should reverse last year's disastrous decision on Plan B.
Who's the Boss?
Nov 28, 2012A Supreme Court case about who counts as a "supervisor" could have dramatic implications for sexual-harassment claims.
The Rewards and Pitfalls of Ideological Dissent
Nov 28, 2012How does it feel to get suddenly praised by people you had always disdained?
Forget the Pompoms
Nov 28, 2012With the development of acro and stunt programs, cheerleaders seek official recognition as athletes.
Powell's Diagnosis—And Ours
Nov 28, 2012Why is the American political system so weakly responsive to the policy preferences of the majority of Americans?
Powell's Diagnosis—And Ours
Nov 28, 2012Why is the American political system so weakly responsive to the policy preferences of the majority of Americans?
Why Obama Won't Be the One to End the War on Drugs
Nov 27, 2012It's the inverse of Nixon going to China.
It's Time to Liberate Men
Nov 27, 2012The women's movement can serve as inspiration for a new generation of men who wish to rewrite masculinity.
The Coming Liberal Wave
Nov 27, 2012Young voters are considerably more progressive than everyone else, and they're likely to stay that way.
Camelot's Begetter
Nov 27, 2012Besides being the father of John, Bobby, and Teddy, Joe Kennedy left behind a tattered legacy.
Seeing Is Believing
Nov 27, 2012Eyewitness testimony is unreliable and leads to wrongful convictions. Why has the judicial system not taken note?
They'll Be Back
Nov 27, 2012Perhaps the question is not whether we can restrain battlefield robots, but whether we'll want to.
What's Next for Marriage Equality?
Nov 27, 20122012 saw many successes for same-sex marriage, but the fight is far from over.


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Click here for more information about laboratory operations and procedures
If you have additional questions regarding this test, please call: 415-353-1667
Serotonin Release Assay
Item | Value |
Approval req'd? | Yes. If SRA is required before result of heparin-PF4 complex antibody test is available, please contact hematology at x3-1747 |
Available Stat? | No |
Test code | SRAU |
Test group | HIT |
Performed by | Quest |
Sendout? | Yes |
Method | Radiobinding 14C |
Patient Preparation | The patient must be off heparin for 24 hours before drawing specimen for SRA. |
Collection Instructions | A Heparin-PF4 Complex Antibody test (HPA) should be performed prior to requesting a Serotonin Release Assay (SRA), and the SRA should only be performed if clinically indicated. Note: This test is not authorized or offered for B&T patients, for whom the in-house assay for HPA should be ordered. |
Container type | Red top |
Amount to Collect | 1 full red top (may not be combined with other tests) |
Sample type | Serum |
Preferred volume | 1 mL serum |
Min. Volume | 0.5 mL serum |
UCSF Rejection Criteria | Hemolyzed or lipemic samples. |
Processing notes | Deliver tube to Hematology asap for processing. Freeze serum at -20C. Order Quest test #14627. |
Units | % release at 3 doses of UFH (0.1 IU/mL, 0.35 IU/mL and 100 IU/mL) |
Normal range | Negative |
Critical value | Quest Priority-2: ≥ 20 % release |
Synonyms | HIT; heparin induced thrombocytopenia; SRA; unfractionated heparin |
Turn around times | Test performed once a week. Turnaround time: 10-14 days. |
Additional information | A negative test does not exclude thrombotic risk due to heparin induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), nor does a positive test exclude other causes of thrombocytopenia. Correlation with heparin-PF4 complex antibody test, platelet counts, and clinical finding can be important for diagnosis of HIT. A Heparin-PF4 Complex Antibody test (HPA) should be performed prior to requesting a Serotonin Release Assay (SRA). If an SRA is requested prior to the result of HPA testing being completed, the following text will be sent: "Test not performed. If clinically indicated, after results of heparin-platelet factor 4 antibody test (HPA) are available, please re-order SRA. It is generally recommended that patient not receive heparin for 24 hours prior to SRA testing." The SRA is often not necessary in the presence of a positive test for heparin-PF4 antibodies. |
CPT coding | 86022-90 |
LOINC code | 50735-0 |
Last Updated | 4/14/2011 2:43:18 PM |
Entry Number | 851 |


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Friday, June 08, 2012
Embarrassment. Shame. Disgust. Great way to start out right? I have a few Race Reports that I need to publish, but I need to do this one first. Before I start thinking about turning things around, I need to sort out where I am. A slump doesn�t describe it. A Funk isn�t strong enough of a word. Trapped. Trapped in my own mind. My own emotions. Trapped. Imprisoned. That may be more accurate. Crushed by the bars of my self made cage. Dramatic? Maybe, but perception is, unfortunately reality and I have been giving it a pretty half a$$ed effort to break through. Maybe it is easier to hide in this cage than it is to face what is in front of my face, but while I talk a good game, my actions when no one is looking tell another story. A story of trying to hide. A story I have told before, time and time again. Rather than face the things I am afraid of I would rather hide. I bury my face, my fear, my overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, in whatever I food I can find. If I stuff enough of it down my throat, it will push down those things I don�t want to admit. Those things I am not ready to face. In the dark recesses of my mind are the questions that linger. Thoughts that poison. The ones that hold me down and try to keep me from breaking free. �Who do you think you are? You aren�t strong enough to do this.� Yes. You are. �Look what you have done. You�ve gained it back. Why bother in trying?� Try again. �What makes you think this won�t be an Epic Fail like everything else?� Believe you can. �What�s one or two more cookies? They taste good� They aren�t going to make you feel better. �Remember how broken you were when your Grandpa died? It will be 1000 times worse when it�s your Mom. What will you do then?� But she�s here now. �What have you ever been good at?� Look at the people you inspire. �Do you think this is going to last forever?� One day at a time. "You aren�t good enough." That�s a lie.
Maybe it is because I am standing on the verge of the unknown. Maybe it�s because I am having a harder time dealing with my Mom�s cancer than I thought. It�s easy to be strong when everything is sunshine and roses, but when the storms come, it shows my true colors. Why can I not see that my colors aren�t the black and gray clouds that I think they are? Your strength shines like the sun. So I fight. I am fighting. I am fighting myself. I am fighting those thoughts that hold me down. I am trying to listen to the quieter voice that tells me �Tomorrow we will try again.� It�s so soft I can barely hear it over the screaming, blaring screeches of my Negative Talk, I am learning to listen to the right voice. Some days it is harder than others. Turns out that poison knows how to make your brain focus on the loudest sound, and that is what I have been doing. It has been extending its reach into everything I will let it. Lately, in my hopeless, complacent state, that reach is pretty far.
It seems that every time a make some strides forward I am met with something else that pushes me back again. Some days it is fighting a losing battle and those are the days, in my weakest, most frightened moments, that I listen to the Voice that tells me to "just give up." Hold on a little tighter "Its not worth the fight.: Yes, it is and you KNOW it. " I�M TIRED." You�re strong.�I�m emotionally drained." Dig Deeper. Its there. "You're failing." Ask for help. They will pick you back up. "I just want to cry." That�s ok, too.
There is always a flip side. A ying to the yang. A light for the Dark. An answer to the question. Hope for the hopelessness. If you just listen a little harder to that quiet voice. The one that tells you to keep going.
I am turning things around. I am. I have a schedule and routine and a great support system who have been cheering me on and picking me up. Its not an easy task. My head is in a better place. Well, like 80% of the time, my head is in a better place. I am a fighter and I have come too far and have too many things coming up to give in to this now. Writing it down. Letting it show, my insecurities, my vulnerabilities, my fears�its one more way for me to fight back. I can�t hide from them when here they are in black and white. Staring me in the face. It�s also a process to know where I am and where it is that I need to go. I reached a point in my life that I had never been before. That is a very scary thing. And I admit that I tried to escape from it. I didn�t know how to move forward, I let myself go backwards. I think under everything else, that is the base of this issue. I didn�t know HOW to proceed. I was expecting the same things to work for me at 100+ pounds lost as worked for me when I was almost 300 pounds. Insanity. It is not going to work. I have a more efficient, athletic body that requires more than the same in order to move forward. My future posts will reflect HOW I plan on moving forward, and my journey in challenging myself beyond what I ever thought I would do, but for now, I leave you with this:
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Member Comments About This Blog Post:
Sorry for the struggle. Don't give up on you! It is worth it for you! You are worth the effort.
Yes, you are right. The storms are what give us the opportunity to apply what we know in the calmer times. (Easier said than done!) -- Last night, the only reason I was able to sleep is that each time a worry, concern, issue came to the forefront, I intentionally turned the thought into a prayer and asked God to do what He loves to do...carry us AND our burdens.
Wishing you a inner confidence that grows and becomes stronger each time you speak truth to yourself!
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Hang in there. You can do it, because what I know of you - you are strong. Sometimes it may not seem that way, we all fight our inner doubts. but with friends and family we hopefully begin to see what they see.
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You will get there. It won't be the same place at 100 lbs. lost but a new place...a better place because you will be stronger. This is all part of the process. You are a work in progress learning new things. Smile. Learn. Grow. Be grateful for the many blessings in your life right now. God is with you every step of the way.
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Looking forward to the future posts Emily. It is so hard to forget the "former" things but we have to in order to move on.
Lay it all down at the foot of the cross because Jesus wants to carry your burdens There is nothing that is too big for him to fix. I know that getting into his word is what makes me strong and filled with hope.
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