text:
Strain Name : |
B6.129S1(Cg)-Mrgprdtm1.1(cre)And/Mmnc |
Stock Number : |
Strain Name : |
B6.129S1(Cg)-Mrgprdtm1.1(cre)And/Mmnc |
Stock Number : |
Target: Mrgprdtm1.1(cre)And Name: targeted mutation 1.1, David Anderson Chromosome: 7 Alteration at locus: Knock-In |
Target: Mrgprd Name: MAS-related GPR, member D Chromosome: 7 Alteration at locus: Knock-In |
Genetic Alterations:
Most of the open reading frame was replaced with a cassette containing EGFP, cre, and frt flanked neo that was inserted out of frame with the initiation site. The inserted cassette replaced amino acids 20 through 315 of the total 321 amino acids of the endogenous protein. The frt-flanked cassette is removed by mating to FLPe deleter mice.
Genotype Determination:
ES Cell Line: CJ7
Homozygous mice have significantly diminished sensitivity to cold, heat, and mechanical stimuli in a population of nonpeptidergic neurons. Heterozygouse mice are the same as homozygous, with a lower rheobase, and a relatively higher firing rate following the application of Mrgprd ligands than -/- animals.
Strain of Origin: B6;129S1
Strain genetic background: B6.129S1
Strain Development: Chimeric mice were produced by blastocyst injection and were mated to human β-actin FLPe deleter mice to remove the frt-flanked selection cassette and then were mated to C57BL/6 mice to establish the line. All knock-in lines used for this study were backcrossed to C57BL/6 mice for five or more generations.
Strain Genetic Background Validation:
A sample from this MMRRC strain was analyzed using the Mouse Universal Genotyping Array (MUGA) and MMRRC computational tools were used to assess the genetic background. A summary of the data can be found here.
MMRRC Strain | Reference Strains | Genomic makeup (Mb) | |||||
Strain Name | MMRRC ID # | Reference 1 | Reference 2 | Ref 1 | Ref 2 | Het | Unknown |
B6.129S1-Mrgprdtm1.1(cre)And/Mmnc | C57BL/6J | 129S1/SvImJ | 2558 | 23 | 0 | 0 |
Suggested Control Mice: Wild-type littermates
Donor: Mark Zylka, Ph.D., University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine.
Primary Reference:
Rau KK, McIlwrath SL, Wang H, Lawson JJ, Jankowski MP, Zylka MJ, Anderson DJ, Koerber HR. Mrgprd Enhances Excitability in Specific Populations of Cutaneous Murine Polymodal Nociceptor. J Neurosci. 2009 July 1;29(26):8612–8619. (Medline PMID: 19571152).
Mice recovered from a cryo-archive will have health surveillance performed on recipient females. Health reports will be provided prior to shipment. If you require additional health status information, please email email@example.com.
Coat color: Black
MMRRC Breeding System: Random intra-strain mating
Breeding Scheme(s):
Generation: N5
Overall Breeding Performance: Excellent
Viability and Fertility: | Female | Male | |
Homozygotes are viable: | Yes | Yes | |
Homozygotes are fertile: | Yes | Yes | |
Heterozygotes are fertile: | Yes | Yes | |
Age Reproductive Decline: | Unknown | Unknown |
Average litter size: Unknown
Recommended wean age: Unknown
Limited quantities of breeder mice (recovered litter) are available from a cryoarchive; recovered litter usually available to ship in 3 to 4 months.
Distribution of this strain requires submission of the MMRRC Conditions of Use (COU). A link to the COU web form will be provided via email after an order has been placed; the form should be completed then or the email forwarded to your institutional official for completion.
The donor or their institution limits the distribution to non-profit institutions only.
Additional charges may apply for any special requests. Shipping costs are in addition to the basic distribution/resuscitation fees. Information on shipping costs and any additional charges will be provided by the supplying MMRRC facility.
MMRRC Item # - Description | Distribution Fee/unit (US $) |
Units | Notes | ||||
| Litter | Recovered litter1; additional fees for any special requests. | ||||
| Aliquot | Approximate quantity3: 20-40 embryos / aliquot |
1 The distribution fee covers the expense of resuscitating mice from the cryo-archive; you will receive the resulting litter. The litter will contain at minimum one mutant carrier; the actual number of animals and the gender and genotype ratios will vary. (Typically, multiple breeder pairs can be established from the recovered litter.) Prior to shipment, the MMRRC will provide information about the animals recovered. If you anticipate or find that you need to request specific genotypes, genders or quantities of mice in excess of what is likely from a resuscitated litter, you may discuss available options and pricing with the supplying MMRRC facility.
2 An aliquot is one straw or vial with sufficient sperm to recover at least one litter of mice, as per provided protocols, when performed at the MMRRC facility. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning the success of these procedures when performed outside the MMRRC facilities.
3 An aliquot contains a sufficient number of embryos (in one or more vials and based on the transfer success rate of the MMRRC facility) to transfer to at least two recipients. The MMRRC makes no guarantee concerning embryo transfer success experienced in the recipient investigator's laboratory. Neither gender nor genotype ratios are guaranteed.
To request material from the MMRRC: Please fill out our on-line request form (accessible from the catalog search results page, or click the
Request this Strain button in the fees section). If you have questions or need assistance completing this form, you may call Customer Service at (800) 910-2291 (in USA or Canada) or (530) 757-5710 (international calls). Before you call, please have with you: the MMRRC item number, quantity needed, Bill-to and Ship-to contact information.


text:
Herve Van Der Straeten Hammered Gold-Plated Ciselle Clip Earrings
Detailed in a contemporary mix of polished and hammered gold plate, these gilded earrings from Hervé van der Straeten lend artful impact to your ensemble - Hammered and polished gold-plated metal - Clip backs - Team with a simple sweater, tailored trousers and pumps or dress up with a printed cocktail sheath
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Re: Great Date Spot Date: 1/12/09 By: doorusey A Review of: Landmarc
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text:
Ne-Yo - Don't Make Em Like You
Artist: Ne-Yo
Featuring: Wiz Khalifa
Producer: Chuck Harmony
Album: R.E.D.
Avg Rating: 2.2 ( 17 votes )
Women love Ne-Yo because he represents a species perceived to be endangered in this day and age: namely, the gentleman. As a paragon of chivalry and elegance, however, he demands a woman of equally rare class and sophistication. On single number three off his next studio album, following the reader-approved Let Me Love You, the hitmaking singer/songwriter pays tribute to one such specimen, marveling, "They Don't Make Em Like You anymore." Chuck Harmony handles production duties, serving up a bass-bumping, handclap-fortified instrumental backdrop for Ne-Yo's portrait of feminine perfection. Wiz Khalifa echoes the headliner's sentiments on the back, describing the kind of girl he'd eventually like to wife in a smooth and refined guest 16. Ne-Yo's R.E.D. LP is scheduled to hit record stores and online retailers November 6, with Khalifa's O.N.I.C. set to follow December 4.
Ne-YoWiz Khalifa R&B/PopHitmakerClub
Written by richard on 10/4/12
Submit your Rating
Motown Records
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"All Because of You" (2007)
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Several studies investigated the effects of progestogens in women categorized by a specific risk factor (the indication).In 3 studies of women with threatened preterm labor, a total of 149 women were studied in treated and control groups. The risk for birth at dates earlier than 37 weeks was reduced by three-fourths. The odds ratio for the pooled studies was 0.26 with a 95-percent confidence interval ranging from 0.10 to 0.49. The strength of evidence is insufficient to permit conclusions about progestogen efficacy in this indication.Four studies of 385 treated and untreated women with preterm labor measured birth weights. One study of 126 women determined death rates. The evidence is insufficient to permit observations about benefits to birth weight or fetal/neonatal death rates for women with threatened preterm labor.For populations with varied risk factors, 4 studies examined progestogens in 1,194 women. Two studies measured birth weights for infants of 119 women, and 3 studies determined fetal/neonatal death rates for infants of 269 women. The evidence is insufficient to permit observations about benefits of progestogens for populations with mixed risk factors.For all other unique indications, represented in single studies, the evidence is insufficient to permit observations about benefits of progestogens.
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Labour and business forge partnership to spur economic growth The region's first-ever economic policy and solutions forum, which brings together business, academia and labour, was unveiled Monday.
Caesars Windsor workers ratify new four-year deal Unifor Local 444 members who work at Caesars Windsor have voted 73.5 per cent in favour of a new four-year deal, the union announced Tuesday night.
The Star's view: Timely designation for Windsor Assembly Plant There was reason to celebrate when we learned the Windsor Assembly Plant had become the first Chrysler facility in North America to receive the silver designation in world class manufacturing.
UPDATED: Strike avoided at Caesars Windsor Caesars Windsor has shut down its gaming floor and asked hotel guests to check out by 10 p.m. in advance of a midnight strike deadline.
Re-design plans for Windsor Assembly begin to unfold Fiat Chrysler management and Unifor Local 444 officials have begun meeting to go over what will be involved in the overhaul required at the Windsor Assembly Plant to manufacture the re-designed minivan.
Henderson: Jeff Watson stands his ground When Jeff Watson ran in 1997 as a 26-year-old wet-behind-the-ears Reform Party candidate challenging the legendary Herb Gray in Windsor West, I wrote him off as just another burnt offering on the political altar. When he captured the Essex riding […]
Masse must speak to interests of Windsor While Mayor Eddie Francis was welcoming the late arrival of Santa Claus in the form of the federal budget, Local 444 leader Dino Chiodo and NDP MP Brian Masse were auditioning to play the Grinch.
Brentwood unveils plans for youth wing (With Video) Jaimie Jones was nine when she started using drugs and alcohol at home with family members, sometimes instead of going to school.
Ottawa helps secure future of Chrysler minivan plant, says industry group The federal government's decision to add $500 million to the Automotive Innovative Fund will help secure the future of Canada's auto industry as well as the Windsor Assembly Plant, an industry spokesman said Tuesday.
Compassion offered to blindsided Heinz workers When John Skoczen stood up to voice his pain over the impending closure of Heinz, the plant he's worked at since 1978, he received a flood of support during a candlelight vigil Saturday night.


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Engineering Society of Detroit honors ESD Institute co-founder, others at annual dinner
The Engineering Society of Detroit this week awarded its highest honor to Christopher Webb, co-founder and volunteer director of The ESD Institute.
Webb received the ESD's Horace H. Rackham Humanitarian Award on Wednesday at its annual benefit dinner at Cobo Center.
The ESD Institute is a division of the society that tackles community challenges through policy proposals generated in collaboration with leaders from government, industry, labor, civic groups and the academic community. Webb was recognized for his work with policy issues focusing on literacy and STEM education.
ESD's Lifetime Achievement Award was given to Katherine Banicki, president of Troy-based Testing Engineers & Consultants Inc.
Other award winners included:
• Steven Innes, Outstanding Leadership Award.
• Adam Larky, Outstanding Leadership Award.
• Joseph F. Neussendorfer, Outstanding Leadership Award.
• Kenneth Randazzo, Outstanding Leadership Award.
• Frenae F. Smith, Outstanding Leadership Award.
• Robert P. Washer, Outstanding Leadership Award.
• Thomas Niczay, David A. Skiven Leadership Award.
• Pranab Saha, Outgoing Affiliate Council Chair Award.
• The University of Michigan Law School Lawyers Club renovation, SmithGroupJJR and Walbridge, Construction and Design Award.
• Oakland University Human Health building, SmithGroupJJR and Christman Co., Construction and Design Award.
• Detroit Public Safety headquarters, SmithGroupJJR and White-Turner, Construction and Design Award.
• Crittenton Hospital Medical Center South Tower, Harley Ellis Devereaux and Barton Malow Rewold, Construction and Design Award.
• Kevin Phillips, Distinguished Service Award.
• Dinesh C. Seksaria, Distinguished Service Award.
• Jasmine Sisson, Distinguished Service Awards.
• Christopher Fazzalare, Outstanding College Student.
• Anna Sophia Heidt,Outstanding High School Student.
For a complete look at the awards, visit esd.org.
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- Cranbrook General Underwriters, Bloomfield Hills Insurance Agency to merge
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- 4 Ann Arbor companies to present at biotech conference in New York


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Story Created: Aug 2, 2014 at 12:01 AM CDT
Story Updated: Aug 3, 2014 at 12:33 PM CDT
BRANDON, Iowa Rescue crews pulled Jennifer Frye, 42, of Garrison, out of the water alive at the Cedar River in Benton County Saturday night.
Crews from the Benton County Sheriff's Office and other agencies responded to a report of a missing person on the Cedar River about a half mile south of Benton-Buchanan Road about 7 p.m. Saturday.
Investigators say 35-year-old Trent Hoppe of Garrison and Frye were camping along the Cedar River when she swam off without a life jacket and was gone for 25-30 minutes.
Crews were able to get her out uninjured by 7:19 p.m. She declined medical treatment.
Officers arrested Frye and Hoppe on public intoxication charges.
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text: The 25th Annual Coulee City Cow Pie Jog……Moooovin' to the beat! A new location, a new course, a new era!! 5k course Saturday, May 28, 2011 Time & Place: Starting time is 8:00 am at the OLD Coulee City High School, next to rodeo grounds. Late entries may register on the day of the race from 7:00-7:50am in front of the Old High School. Registration table will close 10 minutes before the race! Entry Fee: Advance registration $15.00 (Must be received by May 13th) Late entries must pay $20.00 entry fee when registering. Run Information: 5k course open to all runners, joggers, and walkers. Awards to overall male and female winners and ribbons to 1st, 2nd, and 3rd place winners in each age division; male and female. There are water stations at the halfway point and the finish line. *** Attention: Please take note of the deadline of May 13 th ! If registration has not been received by this date you may not receive a T-shirt on the race day. Pre-registered finishers will have priority when t-shirts are handed out. Late entries will receive t-shirts in the mail.*** WEEKEND EVENTS: The Cow Pie Jog is held in conjunction with Coulee City's Annual Last Stand Rodeo. The rodeo is both Saturday and Sunday afternoons at 2pm. The "Bull-a-Rama" will be held at 6pm Friday night. The Cowboy Breakfast Saturday morning is at the old high school from 7am to 10am, and the Grand Parade at 11am. $15.00 ENTRY FEE $20.00 LATE ENTRY FEE C h ecks payable to: Cow Pie Jog Mail to: Cow Pie Jog/PO Box 621/Coule e City, WA 99115 Questions Call: (509)681-2004 Entry forms also available at www.couleecity.com or by email at email@example.com Waiver: I know that running a road race is a potentially hazardous activity. I should not enter the run unless I am medically able and properly trained. I agree to abide by any decision of a race official relative to my ability to safely complete the run. I assume all risks associated with running this event including, but not limited to, falls, contact with other participants, the effects of the weather, including high heat and/or humidity, traffic and other conditions of the road, all such risks being known and appreciated me. Having read this waiver and knowing these facts in consideration of your accepting my entry, I, myself and anyone entitled to act on my behalf, waive and release the St. Andrews Grange of Coulee City and all sponsors, their representatives, and successors from claims or liabilities of any kind arising from my participation in this event. *** One (1) Entry per paper*** Name_______________________________Age________ Phone________________ Date_________ Mailing Address_______________________________ City ___________________ State_____ Zip________ Email address:________________________________ for future pre-registration! Age bracket (circle) 1-4 5-7 8-10 11-15 16-19 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69 70+ Male_______ Female________ T-shirt Style: SHORT or LONG(adult ONLY) sleeved (Circle one) Youth 2-4 4-6 8-10 10-12 14-16 Adult S M L XL XXL (Circle one) **Runner Signature Required ________________________________(Parent sig. if runner is under 18)**


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Classic Home Rugs 3007205 Hand Knotted Silky Loop Area Rug, Dark Chocolate
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Classic Home's products are impeccably designed and superbly made by skilled craftsmen who are masters in their fields. Their work is evident in the beautiful texture, design, color, and quality.
- Made in India
Note: Due to natural variation of rug color and weave from one rug to the next, this handmade rug may vary in texture and color by 10%.
Color: | Dark Chocolate | |
Materials: | Hemp | |
Construction: | Hand Knotted | |
Rug Technique | Knotted |
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Product Details
Mens Casio Alarm Chronograph watch set around a high-visibility round dial in black with white high-visibility combination hour markers and white hands. Other features on this intelligent time piece include LED light, powered by a tough solar power operation, world time function, stopwatch, 2 timers, 5 daily alarms, button tones on/off, automatic calendar, 12/24 hour timekeeping, spherical glass and 100 meters water resistant.
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Gender: Mens
Dial Color: Black
Product Title: Casio AQ-S810W-1AVEF Mens Rubber Watch
Manufacturer: Casio
Power Score: 5 | 0 Reviews


text: We stayed at L'Alize during the first week of January and had a wonderful time. We loved the house and everything was as expected based on the photos. It was the perfect layout for our family - we could house the 20 somethings together on the 1st floor and the older adults had their own spaces on the 3 floor... more


text:
As penance for last night's blathering about shiny new gadgets, I've written a post with much more interesting content for The Basho Blog. If you're picking up Riak and curious about what these "vector clocks" are, and how to use them, have a look.
Blog at WordPress.com. | The Light Theme.net.


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Bill Hicks | ... | Himself |
Directed by | |||
Kevin Booth | |||
David Johndrow | |||
Writing credits(in alphabetical order) | ||
Bill Hicks |
Produced by | |||
Kevin Booth | .... | executive producer | |
Kevin Booth | .... | producer | |
Bill Hicks | .... | executive producer | |
David Johndrow | .... | co-producer | |
Film Editing by | |||
Kevin Booth | |||
David Johndrow | |||
Camera and Electrical Department | |||
Brent Ballard | .... | grip | |
Kevin Booth | .... | camera operator | |
David Dehay | .... | camera operator | |
Don Heath | .... | grip | |
David Johndrow | .... | camera operator | |
Richard Mather | .... | camera operator | |
Pam Phillips | .... | camera operator | |
Don Tangus | .... | grip | |
Don Wratislaw | .... | grip | |
Thanks | |||
Ross Jackson | .... | special thanks | |
Al Nelson | .... | special thanks | |
Jere Raridon | .... | special thanks | |
Hank Sinatra | .... | special thanks | |
Ok it's true. I TOO am from Austin, TX. (Are people in Austin the only
who know this gem exists?) Therefore, I might be slightly biased. I know
several comics in the local scene here and most all of the comics wish to
Bill Hicks on SOME level. Bill Hicks is to our generation what Lenny Bruce
was to that of the late 1950's and early to mid 1960's. In my opinion, the
BEST comedy is the type that not only makes you laugh but challenges you
think and ask questions as well. It is also rife with social
This performance video is NOT for the "squeamish" and "sensitive". If you
appreciate the "comedic stylings" of Adam Sandler or Dana Carvey, or if
have ever said to yourself: "Damn that Carrot Top is funny! Where DOES he
come up with these things?!?!?" then I suggest you move along. For as you
spend time reading this TV show "COPS" is on the air somewhere and you're
If however you fall into that "other" category, this might just be your
Bill Hicks was never one to mince words, and this 1989 taping at the
Stop" in Austin, TX. is certainly no exception. This film was made
as a "demo" for the folks at HBO in hopes of lading Bill a spot in their
"One Night Stand" series. Thanks to Bill's friend Kevin Booth, we now have
this as a piece of his lasting legacy.
In this set, Bill touches on several issues from smoking, to drugs, to
religion, to pornography, to musical pop culture. (This part's a HOOT! If
this particular bit doesn't make sense to you, insert more current names.
will become clear.) This was Bill at the height of his career. He was
exceedingly vibrant and full of life. --- Sadly, as with most truly great
artists, he was taken from us at age 32 after a battle with pancreatic
Still, once you watch this you will be begging for more. I promise! (This
assuming you got the joke to begin with. If you didn't do not fear. I
Nick at Night is running "Who's the Boss" right now, and if you hurry, you
can catch it.)
When you then find yourself in need of a "Hicks fix", there is much to be
gleaned. (You're already ON the internet! Just do a search for "Bill
Hicks".) There are four albums produced when Bill was still alive and two
that were released years after his death. There are also various videos to
be had. After a few good doses of Hicks, you will be amazed and astounded
how the insights of a man that young can be so profound and so relevant to
today's society and culture. (The rest of you will look at the screen like
dog that's just been shown a card trick.)
For those of you who have over the years enjoyed the humor of Denis Leary,
would HIGHLY suggest that you view this video and listen to a few of
Albums. I am sad to report to you that Denis "hacked" a good majority of
early act from Bill Hicks. Denis however was a more toned down almost
friendly" version of Hicks.
There is a VERY dark joke amongst comics:
Q: "Why did Bill Hicks die but Denis Leary continues to
A: "Because there's 'No Cure for Cancer'."
(And as Bill's friend Jimmy Pineapple would say, "Case F***ing
Recent Posts (updated daily) | User |
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The NetVanta 3120 is a fixed-port ethernet router with an integral four-port ethernet switch It provides a single auto-sensing 10/100Base-T ethernet network interface and four auto-sensing 10/100Base-T ethernet LAN interfaces.
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This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 1998-2014, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


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21 - 30 of 94 results for "Thaksin in the US"
Most searched keywords
school | school | english | english | test | protest | coup | nuclear | red line | australian man found dead in sauna
21. learning | 14 Jan 2013
Thaksin as economic problem solver
About politics & public opinion
» 67.9% think economic problem solving is proper role for Thaksin (such as inviting foreign investors to country), only 32.1% say political problem solving to reduce conflict is proper role.
22. learning | 11 Dec 2012
Thaksin on govt TV: Coincidence or collusion?
General news
» Was Former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra's appearance on state-run TV a coincidence or collusion? It depends on whom you talk to.
23. learning | 05 Nov 2012
Thaksin visit in doubt, murder plot rumours emerge (Updated)
General news
» There are rumours that unnamed Thais are plotting to kill former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra during his visit to Myanmar at a gathering similar to this one that took place in Laos last April.
24. learning | 02 Nov 2012
Excitement grows for Thaksin's Tachilek visit
Easy English news
» Mr Thaksin may meet the president of the country when he visits Myanmar, but his supporters are far more interested in his visit to Tachilek, just a few steps across the border from Chiang Rai.
25. learning | 12 Oct 2012
Thaksin arrest warrant issued
General news
» Former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra's return to Thailand was complicated yesterday by the issuing of a second arrest warrant against him.
26. learning | 14 Aug 2012
Protest forces Thaksin to cancel LA dinner date
Easy Englsih news
» Former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra's visit to the United States had a bit of a glitch Saturday night in Los Angeles when protesters forced him to cancel a dinner date.
27. learning | 09 Aug 2012
Thaksin returns to the US
Easy English news
» Former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra is back in the same country and the same city that he was visiting when he was ousted by a coup in 2006.
28. learning | 13 Apr 2012
July homecoming for Thaksin?
General news
» Exiled former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra celebrates his "best Songkran ever" with supporters in Laos as plans emerge for a possible July homecoming.
29. learning | 12 Apr 2012
Thaksin at Thailand border
Easy English news
» Ousted prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra is in neighbouring Laos, but his waiting supporters were disappointed as his flight was diverted to another airport for safety reasons.
30. learning | 21 Mar 2012
No support for Kwanchai's grand plan
Easy English news
» Red shirt leader Kwanchai Praipana has a grand plan for bringing deposed prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra home, but no-one, not even Mr Thaksin himself,seems to be supporting it.


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News & Events
Walker welcomes fast growing Worcester business winning work in Parliament
Local firm has its kit on the Thames Barrier and in roof of Westminster Hall
15/04/2014Click here to read on...
MP welcomes improving attendance and falling truancy
Worcestershire schools seeing almost a third less persistent absence
10/04/2014Click here to read on...
Celebrating local success in export week
Walker praised for backing "World Class Worcestershire" links with China
Walker welcomes long awaited support programme for renewable heat
New scheme offers cash incentive & is welcomed by local employer Worcester Bosch
09/04/2014Click here to read on...
Success for campaign to make Payday lenders pay for free advice
Walker welcomes millions more for free advice after leading cross party campaign
03/04/2014Click here to read on...
Walker backs Strategic Economic Plan and promises support in Westminster
LEP strategy offers improvements in transport and skills for Worcester
02/04/2014Click here to read on...
Copyright © 2007 Robin Walker. All rights reserved. Web site designed, maintained and hosted by Reaper Enterprises Ltd (reaper.com)


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CW12 Directory ResourceListing Details
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3 responses
Norman Caldwell (Deleted) gave props (12 Apr 2009):
makes the water look frozen in time....cool shot!
Larry Saunders gave props (18 Apr 2009):
I love water
John Linton gave props (8 Jun 2009):
Also by LaShawna Jones


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What does GARD stand for?
What does GARD mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: GARD.
We've found a total of 4 definitions for GARD:
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GARD | Gateway Ancestor of Royal Descent | ||||
GARD | Global Architecture Relaying Device | ||||
GARD | Graviton Atom Relocation Disruptor | ||||
GARD | Gameboy Advanced Real-time Debugger |
What does GARD mean?
- Gard(noun)
- garden
Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web!
"GARD." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/GARD>.


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Waterfront party at Lake Norman includes live music, fireworks, and access to floating dock bar and lakeside gazebo
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$35 $17
View Deal
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Cara Bailey Studios
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Fox Hollow Farm
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RayLen Vineyards & Winery
Sample a variety of award-winning wines produced locally in North Carolina
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$50 $25
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- Classification: All Action Adult Adventure Comedy Fantasy Horror Mature Mystery Seinen Supernatural Drama Ecchi One Shot Psychological Romance Tragedy Doujinshi School Life Yaoi Martial Arts Gender Bender Harem Smut Mecha Sci-fi Shounen Shoujo Ai Historical Yuri Shoujo Josei Slice Of Life Shounen Ai Webtoons Sports None Hentai
- Region: All Chinese Japanese Korean other Status: All Serial End
- Letter: All A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z 0-9
Senshuuraku Made Matte(Popularity:10 hits)
Summary by Backlash67: First Act: Kyouya, a top leading Japanese dancer, has caught the eye of Kunitachi, a company president. Kunitachi is arrogant and aggressive. He openly and publicly kisses Kyouya whenever he feels like it without Kyouya's consent. Despite his possessive and aggressive advances towards Kyouya, he is seen in the the tabloids having a private meeting with a beautiful woman....Corsair(Popularity:10 hits)
The Morea sea is controlled by a clan name Preveza, a clan which has lost all ties to any other country in the past three years. At this critical moment the leader of the armada, Ayace "the devil killer" Malik is foremost in ensuring Preveza's continued existence. Also among the major figures of Preveza is the strategist Canale, favoured by the "princess" of the clan, Aura. How... Latest Chapters:[Ch.20] [Ch.19] [Ch.18] Expected to update:Sep 29,2011
Author:Minami Fuuko Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Historical Region:Japanese
Author:Minami Fuuko Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Historical Region:Japanese
Jail Bird(Popularity:10 hits)
collection of onehsot 3) Blue Cheer Nobuhiro Honjou was, all of a sudden, attacked and kidnapped by two guys. He woke up to find himself tied to a chair in front of a an unfamiliar young man... 27 pages concerning abduction, drugs, death, sex, and torture. "Maybe it was the drugs... or... or because I was already insane... or maybe because I was only looking for body pleasure... or... may...Ousama no Lesson(Popularity:10 hits)
Sui is a brand new student at a boarding school. His dorm master is a sexy, studly college student called Daira, aka "King". Sui develops a crush on Daira which slowly deepens into mad love, only to be reciprocated by harsh words and a cold shoulder... Out of the blue, Daira forces himself on Sui! Hurt and confused, Sui turns to his childhood friend, Sosuke for comfort. Latest Chapters:[Ch.6] [Ch.5] [Ch.4] Expected to update:Oct 16,2004
Author:Kurenai Mitsuba Status:in series Genre(s): Mature Drama Romance School Life Yaoi Region:Japanese
Author:Kurenai Mitsuba Status:in series Genre(s): Mature Drama Romance School Life Yaoi Region:Japanese
Hai to Diamond(Popularity:10 hits)
Otoji is searching for his older brother in seedy, urban city near an American base. During this search he meets up with Joe, a fashionable prostitute who eventually joins him with his search. Along the way Joe aquaints him with the wonders of sex and prostitution, and the flexibility of being both seme and uke! But while Otoji deals with the search, including finding his older brother and sleepin...Tenohira no Seiza(Popularity:10 hits)
Enji is moving on to college and it turns out he'll be living with his cousin Mizuho, who he hasn't seen in seven years. Enji, once the younger cousin that Mizuho thought of as a cute little brother, is now a tall, handsome man practically oozing with cool. And yet, despite how close they used to be, Enji's giving him the cold shoulder. Has Enji simply grown out of being Mizuho's surrogate younger... Latest Chapters:[Ch.5] [Ch.4] [Ch.3] Expected to update:Sep 29,2011
Author:Sakuragi Chisako Status:in series Genre(s): Drama Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Author:Sakuragi Chisako Status:in series Genre(s): Drama Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Sakura Gari(Popularity:10 hits)
Sakura Gari is gorgeous Taishou Era romantic story, ten years in the making. It centers around the 17 year old Tagami Masataka as he is aiming to find his place in life. While attempting to start prep school as a rounin he encounters Saiki Souma, the son of a distinguished noble of the Saiki Koushyaku family and becomes part of the Saiki household . It seems as though this will be the story of ... Latest Chapters:[Ch.9] [Ch.8] [Ch.7] Expected to update:Oct 07,2011
Author:Watase Yuu Status:in series Genre(s): Mystery Psychological Tragedy Yaoi Historical Region:Japanese
Author:Watase Yuu Status:in series Genre(s): Mystery Psychological Tragedy Yaoi Historical Region:Japanese
Pet Oshigotochuu(Popularity:10 hits)
Mizuki has just lost his job. Without money or a place to live, Mizuki has no choice but to stay with his older brother in his company dorm room. Since non-employees are not allowed in the dorm, Mizuki must live there in secret, like a house cat. At first Mizuki is intimidated by his older brother's roommate, Toru, but seeing a softer side of Toru changes his opinion. Toru starts to treat Mizuki w...Houkago Men's Harem(Popularity:10 hits)
Sequel to: SUKI DAKEDO! Nagato Aoba enters the student council after much effort and heartache (Suki Dakedo!) but at what cost? Not liked by the rest of the council, incessantly pursued by Yura, and a hidden relationship with Maki, seems like enough trouble, but... is there more looming his way? You bet it is! Watch out Aoba!! Enter After School Men's Harem survival of the fittest!Soba ni Oitene(Popularity:10 hits)
As far as Yuzu remembers, since his childhood, Icchan would always come to his rescue just like a Prince in shiny armour. But Yuzu has grown taller than Icchan! A huge Princess and ultra popular handsome Prince?! A story about schoolboys, will their love bloom? Latest Chapters:[Ch.5.5] [Ch.5] [Ch.4] Expected to update:Oct 22,2005
Author:Sakuragi Yaya Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy School Life Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Author:Sakuragi Yaya Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy School Life Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Oujisama Game(Popularity:10 hits)
A series of interconnected romantic comedy one-shots involving a Royal Family with 7+ sons in line for the throne and the men they fall in love with. The series also occasionally chronicles the romances of other palace employees and secondary characters. 1) Prince vs Slave - The youngest (7th) prince Shuki, gets hugged by new slave, Fuanron, that seems to know young prince. Shuki starts to bul...Hot Triangle(Popularity:10 hits)
Miharu, an ordinary high school student, is always accompanied by two very popular, good-looking guys. Just because he's weak and helpless... Miharu thinks that somehow, he should become more independent, but will his actions set the suppressed emotions of those two guys on fire...!? Latest Chapters:[Ch.3] [Ch.1] Expected to update:Sep 29,2011
Author:Akira Rika Status:in series Genre(s): One Shot School Life Yaoi Region:Japanese
Author:Akira Rika Status:in series Genre(s): One Shot School Life Yaoi Region:Japanese
Ouji no Hakobune(Popularity:10 hits)
Contains: 1) An Ark of the Prince. 2) The Direction Of The Ark. 3) Treasure. 4) Cage Of Eternity - Tomoyuki seeks revenge for the games Shibata played with his sister. Thus begins the Master and Pet game, but Shibata may have become too accustomed to the role Tomoyuki forced upon him. 5) Love Chocolate (Sequel To Cage Of Eternity) - A short sequel to Cage of Eternity where Shibata... Latest Chapters:[Ch.7] [Ch.6] [Ch.5] Expected to update:Sep 18,2003
Author:Enjin Yamimaru Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Author:Enjin Yamimaru Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Tonari ni Kimi no Nukumori wo(Popularity:10 hits)
A collection of few stories. 1,2)Main one is about Michihiro who grieves after his dog's death. But then one day a guy who claims to be his dead dog appears. Who is he and why does he know every little thing about Michihiro? Funny and heart warming story revolving around school life. 3)Our World- Matsuya and Tsuge have just started dating and are having problems in the bedroom. Matsuya is worr...Rare Love(Popularity:10 hits)
Nanato Shirogane, a stray boy werewolf, hides his identity and goes to a high school. The schools two most popular guys – brothers Mikado Isaki and En Isaki, twin sons of the owner of the school, suddenly confess' their love to Nanato because they saw Nanato's real face under his eye glasses. But the full moon makes Nanato transform into a wolf and the Isaki's now know his secret. Enter then Kuro,... Latest Chapters:[Ch.1.2] [Ch.1.1] Expected to update:Sep 29,2011
Author:Chi-ran Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy Supernatural Drama Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Author:Chi-ran Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy Supernatural Drama Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Perfect World(Popularity:10 hits)
A sequel and spin-off to Yasashii Kankei. Tamura Kouji, Naoya's former co-worker from Yasashii Kankei, finally returns to Okayama to take over his father's car business. Though he still has Naoya on his mind, his family and friends give him a warm welcome and invite him to a class reunion. There, he meets a man that looks strangely like the one who robbed him of his first love, and is just as disa...Boku no Shiru Anata no Hanashi(Popularity:10 hits)
1-3) Your Story I Have Known High-school student Matsumoto Haato has fallen in love with his abusive mother's ex-boyfriend, yakuza Shibusawa, who was nice to him in the past. When he has nowhere left to go he turns to the gruff but kind older man. A three chapter love story that details the changing relationship between the two men over the years. 4) Sauté d'oignon When two people are togethe...Darling no Oresama(Popularity:10 hits)
From Girls' Generation Scanlation: This is a tale about Tomioka Sakito, a handsome young owner of a Dog Cafe, and Kanade Sakuza who likes small children and animals, but doesn't know how to get along with them, and instead, frightens them. When the two finally get along, Kanade finds out that Sakito is married and has a kid. What's the story behind that...? Latest Chapters:[Ch.2] [Ch.1] Expected to update:Dec 29,2012
Author:Kirishima Tamaki Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Region:Japanese
Author:Kirishima Tamaki Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Region:Japanese
Paradise Baby(Popularity:10 hits)
Continuation of Nemurenu Yoru ni Nomikonda Hoshi from Ukkari Cherry. After finally winning Sawa's heart and becoming his lover Shiroi still can't let himself be at ease--the more he's with Sawa, the more he realizes how frighteningly close Sawa and his best friend Micchan really are. And it doesn't help that Sawa seems to invite Micchan to go with them every time they can be alone. How can Shir...Paraphrase(Popularity:10 hits)
Paraphrase is a series of stand-alone short stories. Each story has a different emotion to it, normally towards the end. 1) Paraphrase Yukito is a promiscuous young man who earns money with his body. He also has a lover, Teruaki, an innocent student he keeps completely in the dark about his "job". When Teruaki's beloved older brother finds out about Yukito they start a dark game of b...Ore no Shita de Agake(Popularity:10 hits)
Manga based on the BL game developed by Alice Blue. Each storyline has a different author: Prologue: Akira Norikazu Kurosaki x Higuchi: Reno Amagi Kurosaki x Shimizu: Reibun Ike Kurosaki x Yamaguchi: Ryou Sakura Kurosaki x Yoshioka: Wren Tamaquis Yoshioka-centric gag shorts: Danji KyuushuuSadistic Boy(Popularity:10 hits)
Story about Sarasa who is in conflicts with his very sadistic nature and his relationship with Kazunari. vol. #1 Kyouhansha ni Kuchizuke wo vol. #2 Yoru wo Hashiru Emono (Game Runs in the Night) vol. #3 Mezametara Soba ni Ite (When I Wake Up, I Wish You are With Me) Summary from Evil Empire: "Sarasa is the head of the student council and the step-son of the principal. He is targe...Togainu no Chi dj - Tokimeki Natsuinu Graffiti(Popularity:10 hits)
Shiki x Akira Latest Chapters:[Ch.1] Expected to update:Jul 16,2012
Author:Fujino Akitsugu Inugata Summit Status:in series Genre(s): Adventure Comedy Doujinshi Yaoi Region:Japanese
Author:Fujino Akitsugu Inugata Summit Status:in series Genre(s): Adventure Comedy Doujinshi Yaoi Region:Japanese
Koi to Uso to Pride to(Popularity:10 hits)
Kamio Shuuji, the heir to a rich organization, has just transferred to Hazuki's average public high school. When Kamio catches Hazuki's eye with an intense gaze Hazuki begins to wonder over his attentions. Especially when Akira, his lover, warns him to stay away from him. He intends to do just that, that is until Kamio claims to have fallen in love at first sight with Hazuki, giving him a kiss to ...Madness(Popularity:10 hits)
From Beautiful Soup: In 3000AD, mankind is in chaos after a series of natural disasters. It's up to the Catholic priest Izaya and his mass-murderer companion Kyou to save the day... Latest Chapters:[Ch.13] [Ch.12] [Ch.11] Expected to update:Sep 29,2011
Author:Shimotsuki Kairi Status:in series Genre(s): Action Adventure Comedy Fantasy Supernatural Romance Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Author:Shimotsuki Kairi Status:in series Genre(s): Action Adventure Comedy Fantasy Supernatural Romance Yaoi Shounen Ai Region:Japanese
Shugoreisama ni Tsuitekoi(Popularity:10 hits)
Everybody has a protection spirit. Their behavior has a direct influence on the person they protect. For instance, if protection spirit A falls in love with protection spirit B, then host of A will fall for host of B (synchronized effect). Karin has Hiriji as a protection spirit and that's why he doesn't have friends. It all changes when Karin has a little incident and gets help from his sense... Latest Chapters:[Ch.6.5] [Ch.6.5] [Ch.6.2] Expected to update:Aug 04,2012
Author:Takagi Ryou Status:in series Genre(s): Supernatural Yaoi Region:Japanese
Author:Takagi Ryou Status:in series Genre(s): Supernatural Yaoi Region:Japanese
Love & Catastrophes(Popularity:10 hits)
A collection of 6 oneshots: 1. Escape. Akio is a juvenile delinquent who just got suspended from school for beating up the PE teacher, Koizumi is a model student. One day Akio runs into Koizumi at a convenience store and before you know it, they're driving around in a stolen car. How come Akio even knows Koizumi's name? And why is he stopping the car in this out-of-the-way place? 2. Soulful ...Acid Flower(Popularity:10 hits)
Set in an all boy's Catholic school, it tells the story of one Kanan Hatori – a stunningly beautiful but damaged boy who spreads his legs for anyone who would have him. Once betrayed by the person he loved, the emotionally damaged Kanan has vowed never to fall in love again. Because of his beauty, many men he has slept with want him to be theirs; but Kanan always seems to be just dancing out of th... Latest Chapters:[Ch.7] [Ch.6] [Ch.5.1] Expected to update:Nov 07,2011
Author:Amasaki Yoshimi Status:in series Genre(s): Supernatural Drama Romance Yaoi Region:Japanese
Author:Amasaki Yoshimi Status:in series Genre(s): Supernatural Drama Romance Yaoi Region:Japanese
Hana no Saku Koro(Popularity:10 hits)
By chance of fate, Godai met Mr. Yasuda, a rather pretty man, on his first delivery assignment up at Yamanoue Research Facility. Mr. Yasuda greeted poor Godai with a beaming smile. Then the next day, it was Mr. Aihara's turn to receive parcels, too. Only…He looks just like Mr. Yasuda. What the hell's going on?! Never having anybody treat him so kindly before, Godai's determined to get right down t...Sakoku Ren'ai(Popularity:10 hits)
Another dead body has washed ashore, and the adorably cute, pony-tailed doshin Aki wants to find the murderer. Instead he meets mysterious Kuga who seems to know more than he is willing or can say, but what else needs to be said as Kuga captures Aki's lips? Are Kuga's feelings real or is he trying to distract Aki from his investigation?Koigatari Raiseihen(Popularity:10 hits)
When Senjou Taki was harshly raped by the neighboring territory's feudal lord, Kazusa Toma, all he could only think of was his loyal servant, Somei Chikage Latest Chapters:[Ch.6] [Ch.6] [Ch.5] Expected to update:Jan 21,2013
Author:Kanzaki Takashi Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Historical Region:Japanese
Author:Kanzaki Takashi Status:in series Genre(s): Yaoi Historical Region:Japanese
Hand Which(Popularity:10 hits)
From Dangerous Pleasure: After being forced to quit his job and getting dumped by his girlfriend in the same day, Sawazu went out drinking with his four university friends to vent his depression. The day just after he announced, "I shall become gay," he woke up to find himself naked and lying beside his good friend Udaka. And after telling the stunned Sawazu, "I've always liked y... Latest Chapters:[Ch.7] [Ch.6] [Ch.5] Expected to update:Oct 12,2006
Author:Suzuki Tsuta Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy Yaoi Slice Of Life Region:Japanese
Author:Suzuki Tsuta Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy Yaoi Slice Of Life Region:Japanese
After 5 wa Kiss no Ame(Popularity:10 hits)
Volume 1 ch 1-3 After Five is Rain of Kiss, What To Do With Love and The Validity of a Kiss! Enomoto is always reprimanded by his chief Tsuda. But when he stays late to finish work, Tsuda will sexually harass him. ch 4 Meeting in the President's Office Two office workers and one has a secret and a fear. ch 5 Even If It's For One Moment ch 6 Business Trip's Promise Volume 2 ch 6 Christmas ...Kannou Kissaten(Popularity:10 hits)
: 1,2) Compassionate Coffee Shop- Working at a coffee shop gets boring for Kuhara until former coworker Fujinami comes by every night. Fujinami once kissed him after drinking, but Kuhara slapped him. Why does Fujinami always come by? And how does Kuhara feel about him? 3) Realize It! (prequel to Omoi Shire): Ogawa starts attending a boarding school, only to get the weird Hongou as his roomm...Kondo Koso Honki!(Popularity:10 hits)
A collection of oneshots; including bdsm, salarymen 1)Natsume often goes to see his childhood friend Hisataka, but Hisataka's always mean to him. Being eight years younger, Natsume has always looked up to Hisataka, but those feelings have changed into something more serious. Will Hisataka ever see him as anything but a kid? 2)Kazama is a clumsy but energetic office worker who's secretly in l...Chocolate de Cousin(Popularity:10 hits)
Older cousin returns after six years to find his younger cousin has grown up really pretty.Yoiko no Sumu Machi(Popularity:10 hits)
1) Fevered Glance or Heated Look (Netsu Shisen)- High school playboy Tsuji can't understand why his best friend Mitsuse turns down girl after girll. When Mitsuse admits to having a crush on a male classmate, Tsuji is floored. Will he ever be able to look at his friend the same way again? 2) Piercing the Heart With a Kiss (Heart wo Kiss de Sasu) Continuation of one. 3) XY - We'll Go to the ... Latest Chapters:[Ch.6] [Ch.5] [Ch.4] Expected to update:Sep 29,2011
Author:Tohjoh Asami Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy School Life Yaoi Smut Region:Japanese
Author:Tohjoh Asami Status:in series Genre(s): Comedy School Life Yaoi Smut Region:Japanese


text: TRUSTS I. Overview A. Express trusts – arise from the expressed intention of the owner of property to create the relationship 1. Private – one or more ascertainable persons as beneficiaries, subject to RAP 2. Charitable – cannot be for the benefit of identifiable beneficiaries, can be perpetual B. Implied or imposed trusts – not exactly trusts, but court-imposed remedies 1. Constructive trusts – simply a name for an equitable remedy the court imposes in cases involving (i) fraud, (ii) unconscionable conduct, & (iii) unjust enrichment 2. Resulting trusts – the remedy the court uses when an attempt to create a trust fails C. Trust-like mechanisms – ways to hold property & designate somebody to take it without writing a will E.g. Joint bank accounts with rights of survivorship; Totten Trusts; custodial gifts to minors NOTE: trust law applies ONLY to express trusts II. Requirements for a valid Trust A. General 1. Trust – an arrangement for making gifts of property and for the management of assets, under which: a. Trustee – holds legal title for the benefit of beneficiaries & has burdens of ownership (duty to manage, safeguard, invest, etc.); b. Beneficiaries – have equitable title and all the benefits of ownership. Can sue the trustee if needed 2. Valid trust – creator (settlor) delivers legal title as to the res (trust property) to a trustee for the benefit of beneficiaries with intent to create a trust for a lawful purpose. a. No consideration is required for the creation of a trust b. Trust can be created during the creator's lifetime ("lifetime trust") or by will ("testamentary trust") c. All lifetime trusts must be evidenced by a writing that is signed by the settlor and trustee and either acknowledged before notary public OR witnessed by two witnesses. B. Creator (grantor / trustor / settlor) – must be over age 18; must have capacity to enter into contracts, transfer title. C. Delivery of legal title – mere intent to create a trust, or gratuitous written promise to create a trust, is NOT enough 1. Titled assets – legal title must be formally transferred to the trustee; 2. Other assets – transfer must be by a written assignment to the trustee NOTE: "Delivery" requirement does not apply to testamentary trusts because wills law controls D. Res (corpus / principal / subject matter of the trust) – to have a trust, legal title to specific property (certain and identifiable) must be formally transferred to the trustee 1. Res need not be tangible property, BUT the settler must have an assignable interest 2. Property that settler expects to own in the future but has no present right to transfer is only an expectancy 3. But if written promise to create trust of property (to be received in future) is supported by consideration, under contract principles trust automatically arises upon receipt of the property E. Trustee – an individual named as trustee must be of legal age and must not be incapacitated 1. Following persons cannot serve as testamentary trustee – infant, incompetent, convicted felon, person incapable because of drunkenness, dishonesty, want of understanding, improvidence 2. Nonresident alien – can serve as fiduciary (testamentary trustee, or executor or administrator of a decedent's estate) IF (i) related to decedent; AND (ii) NY resident must serve as a co-trusteed 3. No trust ever fails for lack of a trustee – if the intent to create a trust is clearly manifested but no trustee is named, then the court will appoint a suitable trustee to carry out the trust purposes NOTE: these rules NOT applicable to lifetime trusts – these are "non-court trusts" (i.e. no court is involved in the trusts' creation – strictly between the settlor and the trustee); statute applies only to court trusts F. Beneficiaries – equitable owners of trust property 1. Private (non-charitable) trust – beneficiaries (i) must be definite & ascertainable, and (ii) their interests must vest, if at all, (iii) within lives in being plus 21 years 2. Charitable trusts – (i) can NOT benefit identifiable individuals, & (ii) not subject to Rule Against Perpetuities G. Intention to create a trust – must use language that the settlor intended to impose an enforceable obligation Can NOT use precatory language (a non-binding suggestion) – e.g. requests; hope; would like H. Trust must be for a lawful purpose – 1. Trust for commission of a crime or destruction of property is void as against public policy; 2. Conditions that are against public policy are unenforceable – e.g. total restraint on marriage III. Will Substitutes – Revocable Trusts; Other Arrangements A. "Pourover" gift by will to lifetime trust Trusts 1 1.Revocable lifetime trust – interest in a revocable trust passes to the beneficiary during the settlor's lifetime and becomes possessory on the settlor's death a. Useful arrangement to provide for management in event of settlor's future incapacity, avoiding expenses and restrictions of a guardianship administration b. Not void as an attempted testamentary disposition (i.e., doesn't have to be executed with formalities of a will) – as long as there is at least one beneficiary besides the settlor, even though settlor retains any one or more of the following rights and powers: (i) Income for life (ii) Power to revoke, alter or amend the trust (iii) Power to control trustee in the administration of the trust (iv) Power to cause life insurance proceeds or employee benefits to be paid to the trust (v) Settlor can name herself as trustee – to serve as long as she has capacity to do so 2. "Pourover" gift by will to a lifetime trust – the testamentary gift to the trust a. A statutory exception to the "no incorporation by reference" rule of Wills law b. Provides a mechanism for adding testamentary assets to a trust the testator created during lifetime, or to a trust created by another person c. By statute, such a "pourover" gift is valid even if the trust is subject to revocation and amendment and is later amended; but if the receptacle trust were created by another person, amendments made after testator's death are disregarded d. To be a valid receptacle for such a pourover gift – the lifetime trust must be in existence before or executed concurrently with the will B. Trust settlement of life insurance proceeds 1. Unfunded revocable insurance trust – valid, even though there is no res until after insured settlor dies & insurance proceeds are paid to trustee (trust must be in existence when beneficiary designation is made); or 2. Testator could create a testamentary trust by indicating "the trustee named in my will" as beneficiary – such a life insurance beneficiary designation is validated by statute. NOTE: same procedures are available for payment of savings & thrift accounts, and death benefits under employee retirement plans C. Bank Account Arrangements 1. Totten Trust Bank Account – depositor deposits funds in bank account in his name as trustee for another a. Depositor reserves right to withdraw funds any time – on his death, account passes to named beneficiary (subject to claims of depositor's creditors, & surviving spouse's elective share as testamentary substitute) b. Partially revoked to the extent of withdrawals made by the depositor – the beneficiary is entitled only to the amount on deposit upon the depositor's death when depositor makes withdrawals c. If beneficiary predeceases depositor – automatically revoked (funds are depositor's free and clear) d. Depositor can change the account beneficiary – but only by a written, signed and acknowledged (before a notary) instrument that (i) names the bank and current beneficiary as well as the new beneficiary, and (ii) is delivered to the bank e. Delivery of passbook to beneficiary is not gift – depositor must die f. Can be revoked by will, and the funds on deposit can be bequeathed to another person, but will must make express reference to account in the named institution and the named beneficiary of the account 2. Joint Bank Accounts (with right of survivorship) a. Deposit of funds in a joint and survivor bank account is a gift as to one-half of the amount deposited b. Creation – must use specific words of survivorship Challenging the validity of the right of survivorship can be rebutted only by clear and convincing evidence that the account was opened as a matter of convenience D. Uniform Transfers to Minors Act [UTMA] 1. Gift made by transferring party to (or making title in name of) donee as custodian for minor child under UTMA –gift qualifies for the 11K annual gift exclusion under the fed gift tax 2. Custodian has the power to: a. Manage & invest the custodial property; make payments to or for minor's benefit; b. To the extent not expended, to pay the property to the minor when he reaches 21 UNLESS the donor making the gift specifies "until age 18" 3. Although the custodian is a fiduciary, a custodianship is NOT a trust because the custodian does not hold legal title to the custodial property – legal title is in the minor, subject to the custodian's statutory powers 4. If donor is also custodian, amount in account on donor's death will be included in donor's estate for fed tax purpose IV. Charitable Trusts, Honorary Trusts A. Charitable Trusts – Distinct Rules 1. NOT subject to Rule against Perpetuities – may be perpetual 2. Must be for a charitable purpose (e.g. health, education, religion, etc.). 3. Cannot benefit identifiable individuals – must be in favor of a reasonable large class of unidentifiable members of the public at large, and (e.g. "to pay the income to my poor relatives" is not a valid charitable trust) Trusts 2 4.Subject to the equitable doctrine of cy pres ("as near as possible") – if stated charitable purpose can no longer be accomplished, trust can be reformed in judicial proceedings, and the funds diverted to a related charitable purpose as near as possible to the stated purpose State attorney general, who is an indispensable party in any action concerning a charitable trust B. Honorary Trusts 1. Trust that is NOT for charitable purposes and has NO individual beneficiaries – the trustee is on her honor in deciding whether to perform the trust 2. In NY, honorary trusts are unenforceable a. Trusts for pets are valid for 21 years (to avoid RAP) b. Trusts for the perpetual care and maintenance of cemeteries and burial plots are classified as charitable trusts – valid notwithstanding indefiniteness of beneficiaries, and are exempt from the Rule Against Perpetuities V. Constructive Trusts; Resulting Trusts A. Constructive Trusts (equitable remedy) 1. "Constructive trust" is the name given a flexible equitable remedy designed to disgorge unjust enrichment that results from wrongful conduct – trustee's only duty is to convey the property to the person who, in equity, should have the property 2. Application: (i) apply probate law; (ii) apply equity – if wrongful act & unjust enrichment, impose constructive trust 3. Proof of facts necessary to establish a constructive trust must be by clear & convincing evidence 4. Constructive trust may be imposed where: a. Fraud in the inducement – trustee orally promised to serve as trustee but had no intention to do so (i) Secret Trust – absolute gift in will made in reliance on beneficiary's promise to hold the property in trust of another (constructive trust imposed) (ii) COMPARE: Semi-secret Trust – no trust created when a will makes a gift "in trust" without specifying beneficiaries b. Grantee-trustee served in a confidential relationship to grantor-settlor (e.g. business associates; father-child) B. Resulting Trust (failure of express trust) 1. Resulting trust is NOT a trust – it is the label courts employ when a trust fails for some reason a. Failure of express trust; or b. Resulting trust by reversion (settlor made an incomplete disposition of assets transferred in an express trust) 2. NOTE: Purchase money resulting trust NOT recognized in NY a. If A pays the purchase price for land, but has title taken in B's name, no resulting trusts – S/F bars any testimony that contradicts the deed naming B as grantee b. BUT, if there is clear and convincing evidence that B expressly or impliedly promised to re-convey the land to A, impose constructive trust to prevent unjust enrichment VI. Creditors' Claims & Spendthrift Trusts A. NY Statutory Spendthrift Rule 1. Spendthrift clause in a trust – protects a trust beneficiary's interest from creditors by prohibiting voluntary or involuntary transfer of the beneficiary's interest (e.g. "No beneficiary shall have the power to assign, transfer or encumber his or her interest in the trust, nor shall such interest be reachable by the beneficiary's creditors by garnishment, attachment, execution, or other legal process"); must have fiduciary to be valid 2. In NY – all income interests in trusts are automatically given spendthrift protection by statute NOTE: NO spendthrift protection of remainder interest unless trust provision expressly prohibits such transfers NOTE: NO spendthrift protection if creator is also the income beneficiary (trust loses spendthrift protection) a. If irrevocable trust – principal untouchable b. If revocable trust – can reach entire property B. Exceptions to statutory Spendthrift Rule – apply even if trust contains an express spendthrift clause 1. Creditor who furnishes necessaries (e.g. medicine, food, rent) 2. Child support, alimony 3. Federal tax liens 4. Excess income beyond that needed for support and education a. Based on beneficiary's station in life, income from other sources (more luxurious lifestyle, more protection) b. This is a "last resort" remedy: creditor must show he has exhausted all other remedies 5. 10% levy under CPLR 5205(e) – available to judgment creditors in any case against debtor-beneficiary a. No need to show that all other remedies have been exhausted b. All judgment creditors share that 10% – not 10% per creditor 6. Fraudulent conveyance – transfer with intent to defeat, defraud, delay creditors VII. Judicial Modification & Termination of Trusts A. Judicial Modification – Changed Circumstances Trusts 3 1. A court may permit deviation from trust terms if, due to circumstances not known to or anticipated by the settlor, compliance with the trust will impair or frustrate the purpose of the trust (e.g. usually involve restriction on sale of trust assets by trustor) B. Termination of trust by settlor 1. All NY trusts are irrevocable & unamendable, unless the power to revoke and amend is expressly reserved in the trust instrument. a. BUT, settlor can terminate an irrevocable trust if ALL beneficiaries in being consent (i) Committee or guardian of an incompetent or minor person cannot give consent (ii) If any trust beneficiary (even with only a contingent interest) is a minor or incompetent, trust cannot be terminated (iii) "Persons beneficially interested in the trust" means only persons in being – for purposes of the "trust termination" statute a child in gestation "is not regarded as a person until it sees the light of day" b. Consent of unborn or unascertained beneficiaries need not be obtained (see below) c. A remainder to the settlor's heirs does not prevent termination (see below) 2. "Remainder to the grantor's heirs" – regarding termination of irrevocable lifetime trust a. 1951 "trust termination" statute – for purposes of rule authorizing settlor to terminate a trust with the consent of all beneficiaries, a disposition in favor of heirs, next of kin of the settlor DOES NOT create a beneficial interest in the trust b. EPTL (1967) – Doctrine of Worthier Title abolished; "where a remainder is limited to the heirs or distributees of the creator of an estate, such heirs or distributees take" the remainder interest c. Bottom line – if lifetime trust purports to create a remainder in the settlor's heirs: (i) Termination question – whether the settlor can terminate the trust with the consent of all persons beneficially interested in the trust – for this purpose, settlor's heirs do NOT have a beneficial interest, and settlor can terminate the trust (if all other adult beneficiaries in being consent to the termination) [1951 "trust termination" statute apply] (ii) NON-termination question – who takes on the settlor's death when settlor does not intend to terminate – settlor's heirs (determined as of settlor's death) take by remainder because the Doctrine of Worthier Title has been abolished in New York VIII. Administration of Trusts A. Powers 1. NY Fiduciary Powers Act lists broad powers that can be exercised by a trustee (and by an executor or administrator of a decedent's estate) without court order, and without express authorization in trust or will EXCEPT to the extent trust limits/enlarge such powers (if named trustee has no powers/active duties – no trust) 2. Generally has powers authorized under the Act, UNLESS it involves: a. Self-dealing; OR b. Major Prohibited powers 3. Major Powers: a. Sell real or personal property at public sale (or auction) or private sale (unless the property was specifically devised by the will) b. Mortgage property c. Lease – by trustee, for up to 10 years; by executor, administrator, up to 3 years d. Make ordinary repairs e. Contest, compromise, settle claims f. Where up to $10,000 is distributable to minor, can distribute to parent or adult who has custody g. Make distributions on behalf of minor beneficiary to custodian for minor under the New York Uniform Transfers to Minors Act. 4. Major Prohibitions – Unless (1) will or trust authorizes, or (2) court approves, a trustee, executor or administrator can NOT: a. Borrow money. b. Continue a business (need prior court approval, liable for losses incurred by business) c. Make extraordinary repairs or improvements d. Abandon, demolish real property e. Employ agents, delegate authority f. Keep funds un-invested g. Pay debts barred by statute of limitations or discharged in bankruptcy h. Lend personal funds to estate, or advance funds to a beneficiary i. ENGAGE in SELF-DEALING B. Exculpatory Clause Clause that relieves the trustee from liability for negligence a. Testamentary Trust – INVALID Trusts 4 b. Lifetime Trust – valid (because they are non-court trusts); but such clauses are strictly construed against trustee C. Self-Dealing (can be waived by the settlor) 1. Trustee cannot buy or sell trust assets to himself 2. Trustee cannot borrow trust funds 3. Trustee cannot loan funds to the trust, and any interest earned on such a loan must be returned to the trust; also, any security interest received in connection with such a loan is invalid 4. Trustee cannot profit from serving as trustee (except for being compensated), as by taking advantage of confidential information received in his capacity as trustee 5. Corporate trustee cannot buy its own stock as a trust investment (But it can retain its stock if a part of the estate received by it as trustee – provided it is a permissible investment under "prudent investor" investment standard) 6. NO commingling – duty to segregate trust assets from personal assets; and duty to earmark trust assets by titling them in the trustee's name a. If commingled funds are used to buy an asset and the asset goes down in value, conclusive presumption that (to the extent available) personal funds were used b. If asset goes up in value, conclusive presumption that (to the extent available) trusts funds were used D. Remedies for Trustee's Breach of Trust 1. For ANY breach, in addition to bringing action to remove the trustee, beneficiary has option: a. Ratify the transaction and waive the breach of trust. (E.g., if trustee invests in treasure-hunting stock but the stock goes up in value) b. Sue for the resulting loss (surcharge action) c. If case involves self-dealing – under the no further inquiry rule breach of a fiduciary duty is an automatic wrong; good faith, reasonableness, is no defense (Only issue in a self-dealing case – measure of damages) 2. Statute of limitations – does not begin to run on any action against a fiduciary unless a. Trustee repudiates the trust by denying existence of trust as to the particular assets in issue, b. Trustee ceases to act as a trustee (e.g. dies or resigns) c. Trustee gives accounting that shows facts on which action would be based 3. Beneficiary does NOT have a remedy against a bona fide purchaser 4. Self-dealing rules also apply to loans or sales to a trustee's relative, or to a business entity of which the trustee is an officer, employee, partner, or principal shareholder. ("indirect self-dealing") E. Trustee is Personally Liability 1. Contracts – personally liable for contracts entered into on behalf of the trust, unless a provision in the contract relieves him of personal liability a. "Ted Smith, trustee of the Ralph Norton Trust" – YES (merely shows Tom's representative capacity) b. "Ted Smith, as trustee and not individually" – NO (shows that creditor must look to the trust for payment) c. "Ralph Norton Trust, by Ted Smith, Trustee" – NO (shows that the contract is with the trust, not Ted) d. NOTE: even though personally liable on the contract, trustee is reimbursed from trust if (i) contract was within his powers and (ii) trustee was acting in course of proper administration of the trust 2. Torts – personally liable on all torts of itself and its employees a. That's why a prudent trustee should immediately obtain liability insurance, charging cost to the trust b. Trustee can be reimbursed from trust estate if (i) trustee was acting within his powers when the tort was committed, and (ii) trustee was not personally at fault F. Trustee's Investment Power – Prudent Investor Rule 1. Trustee may make investments "as would be acquired by prudent men of discretion and intelligence seeking reasonable income and preservation of their capital" 2. Uniform Prudent Investor Act (UPIA) – based on the modern portfolio theory of investing a. Investment returns measure – total return b. Prudence measure – conduct in making investment decision at time investment is made, not by hindsight based on outcome or performance c. Trustee can exercise adjustment power: (i) Adjust total return between income and principle, & (ii) Can allocate capital gains to income d. Factors for Adjustment (i) Need for liquidity, regular income, and preservation & appreciation of capital (ii) Intent of the settlor (iii) Trust assets' nature & characteristics (iv) Purpose, nature & expected duration of the trust (v) Circumstances of the beneficiaries IX. Rules Against Perpetuities & Suspension Rule A. Rule Against Perpetuities – no estate property shall be valid unless it will vest within 21 years of the death of a life in being at the creation of the interest (lives in being plus 21 years) Trusts 5 1. NO perpetuities problem where all beneficiaries were lives in being when interests were created 2. Reduce age contingency to 21 – rule violated, but apply perpetuities reform statue Example: T devises his residuary estate "to my son John for life, then to such of John's children as live to attain the age of 30"; At T's death, John has three children – Tommy (age 12), Dickie (age 8) & Hairy (age 5). (i) Step 1: Initial classification of interest (as though there were no Rule Against Perpetuities): (a) John – life estate (b) John's children as live to attain age 30 – contingent remainder (must live to attain age 30) (c) T's estate – reversion (none of John's children may make it to age 30) (ii) Step 2: Rule against Perpetuities – remainder in John's children is VOID (iii) Step 3: Suspension Rule – remainder valid Because we'll know within 21 years who all the contingent remaindermen are, & they can get together & sell the property in fee simple absolute (iv) Step 4: Apply New York Perpetuities Reform Statute –reduce age contingency to 21 years, if possible to save the disposition B. New York Suspension Rule ("Rule Against Suspension of the Absolute Power of Alienation") 1. Present or future interest shall be void if it suspends the absolute power of alienation for a period that exceeds a life in being plus 21 years a. All that rule requires is that persons in being who could join in conveying a fee simple within lives in being plus 21 years. (i.e. account for "all the pieces" of the fee simple title in ascertainable persons within LIB + 21 years.) – it's not that they would join in a conveyance, but that they are all ascertainable and they could do so b. Nothing to do with vesting c. Example: O conveys land "to A and his heirs for so long as no liquor is sold or consumed on the premises; and if liquor is ever sold or consumed on the premises, title shall pass to B and his heirs" (i) Step 1: Initial classification of interest (as though there were no Rule Against Perpetuities): (a) A – fee simple subject to an executory limitation (b) B – executory interest (c) O – no retained estate (ii) Step 2: Rules of Perpetuity – B's interest VOID B's interest never vests (iii) Step 3: Suspension Rule – B's interest valid A and B account for all the pieces of the full fee simple title; they could join in conveying the fee simple title tomorrow d. End result: (a) A – fee simple determinable (b) B – interest is void (c) O – possibility of reverter e. Example: C's will devises land "to the Albany Methodist Church; but if the premises shall ever cease to be used for church purposes, then and in that event title shall pass to my then living descendants" (i) Rules Against Perpetuities – VIOLATED because the vesting period is "ever" (ii) Suspension Rule – VIOLATED because the persons who could join the Church in conveying a fee simple estate might not be determined within lives in being plus 21 years 2. Suspension Rule violated as to income interest in open class that might include an unborn beneficiary a. Example: If the facts of a Trusts question are along these lines: "Income to Alice for life, then to Alice's children for their lives." (i) Suspension Problem – the remainder income interest in Alice's children violates the suspension rule! (ii) Rationale – an unborn person (e.g., Alice could have another child in the future) can't be counted as a "life in being"; the person, later born, might outlive everyone now on the scene by more than 21 years; and in the 22nd year would have a trust income interest that could not be transferred because of New York's statutory spendthrift rule that prohibits voluntary or involuntary transfer of a trust income interest; thus we might not be able to account for all of the pieces of the fee simple title within LIB + 21 years b. MODEL ANSWER – the trust income interest in Alice's children is void under the Suspension Rule, because of the statutory spendthrift rule applicable to New York trusts. Alice could have a child in the future, and that child might outlive all lives in being by more than 21 years. Because the statutory spendthrift rule prevents a trust beneficiary from assigning her income interest, the child might not be able to join in the conveyance of a fee simple within lives in being plus 21 years 3. But consider "fertile octogenarian problem" – NY statute presumes that women are infertile after age 55 (thus, no problem of "afterborn children" X. Rule Against Perpetuities & Powers of Appointment A. Powers of Appointment – trustor lets the donee name the remainderman B. Satisfying RAP Trusts 6 1. Power of appointment must be Valid when created – to be valid, a general testamentary power, or a special power must be certain to be exercised, if at all, within a life-in-being plus 21 years a. If such a power of appointment is given to someone who is a life in being at the time power is created, VALID b. BUT, a general testamentary power or a special power given to an unborn beneficiary is void because the power could be exercised beyond LIB + 21 2. Power of appointment must be Validly Exercised a. Validity of interests created by the exercise of the power is measured from the date of the instrument creating the power of appointment, and NOT from the date of the power's exercise ("relation-back doctrine") (i) Example: T dies in 1982, leaving a will that created a trust w/the following provisions: "income to my daughter Judy for life, & on her death, distribute principal to such of her descendants as she appoints by will – in default of appointment, to Judy's children" – power of appointment is VALID, because Judy was alive at the time the trust was created (ii) Example: same as above, but Judy died in 1999, leaving a will that appoints the trust property "to those of my children who live to the age of 30," (a) Would be invalid at common law (b) But valid in NY, because they reduce the age to 21, & they'll all reach 21 (or die trying), within 21 years of Judy's life b. Another method to see if the power of appointment is validly exercised – apply the second look doctrine, which allows you to take into account facts existing at the time the power is exercised Example: above example, but suppose instead that Judy is survived by 3 children, each older than age 9 – here, the appointment is VALID, because all of Judy's children will reach 30 (or die trying) within 21 years Trusts 7 TRUSTS – ESSAY QUESTIONS I. QUESTION – 62 (& WILLS) A. Whether a valid trust was established – deed was "to A in trust for N" & N agreed in writing to pay rent 1. Must have clear intention to create a trust – here an intent was to create a landlord/tenant relationship rather than to settle a trust II. QUESTION – 71 (& WILLS) A. Whether creditors or a creator of a trust (income for creator) can reach the trust to satisfy claims against the creator 1. Creditor can reach the entire income from the trust, the interest which creator has retained, but cannot reach the principal UNLESS – disposition in trust for the use of the creator is void as against existing or subsequent creditors of the creator 2. If trust had been revocable by the creator – creditor could have reached the principal 3. Spendthrift trust applies only when the beneficiary and the creator are not the same person B. Whether trust was properly revoked 1. If silent – then irrevocable 2. But upon written consent of all beneficiaries, creator of trust may revoke 3. Heirs, next of kin, or distributees are NOT beneficially interested III. QUESTION – 39 A. Trust may be created during the settlor's lifetime (inter vivos) or by will (testamentary will) – if settlor clearly intended to establish a will but failed to name a trustee, trust will not fail because court will appoint a trustee B. Irrevocable inter vivos trust survives death C. Power of Appointment – an authority created in or reserved by a person enabling that person to designate, within the limits prescribed by the creator of the power, the person(s) who shall take the property and the manner in which they shall take 1. Testamentary POA – when it is exercisable only by a will 2. Special POA – exercisable only in favor of a specified class NOT including the testator, his estate D. Future interests may be devised, alienated, or passed by descent in the same manner as estates in possession E. Spendthrift protection – income (NOT principal) interests are prohibited from being transferred F. Perpetuities problem – all interest must vest within lives in being plus 21 years; 1. If have unascertainable beneficiaries – then perpetuities analysis is required IV. QUESTION – 68 (& WILLS) A. Trust created by another is NOT a testamentary substitute unless the trust gives the decedent a presently exercisable general power of appointment B. General Power of Appointment – it could be exercised in favor of anyone C. RAP – 1. No interest in property is good unless it must vest within 21 years after some life in being at the creation of interest; 2. In case of POA, the vesting period starts to run when the POA is created rather than exercised V. QUESTION – 22 (& FUTURE INTEREST) A. Whether a trustee may assign trust income to a creditor on direction from the beneficiary 1. NY statutory spendthrift protection prohibits the assignment of trust income interest absent an express provision in the trust document 2. Consider exceptions a. Creditor levy up to 10% of trust income – required order of execution form the sheriff b. Excess income over the amount necessary for education and support – creditor needs to prove first that the (i) income was indeed excess & (ii) creditor had exhausted all other remedies B. Testamentary Power of Appointment violates the Rule Against Perpetuities 1. Validity of the interests created by the exercise of a testamentary power of appointment is determined by the date of the instrument creating the power and NOT the date that the power is exercised 2. NY also applies the "second look doctrine" to an interest that appears to fail at its inception – this allows review of a gift after both the initial grantor and the first grantee pass away (if a gift that would have otherwise failed for perpetuity reasons at the time it was made will satisfy all future interest requirements at the time the first grantee passes away, the gift will stand) 3. Violation of the rules is that gift to the issues will fail & issues will receive the trust corpus, divided equally Trusts 8


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Today, my 2003 Kona Nunu was stolen from my school at Yonge and Eglinton (Toronto, Ontario). It had two water bottle holders, and the spedometer clip. Unfortunately, I bought this bike from a friend, and I do not currently know the serial number. Also, the frame size was probably 16". If anyone has seen this bike; please let me know. If I posted this in the wrong section, let me know what section to move it into.
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Conceptual | Leisure Food Fast Food |
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bread cereal color eat edibles environment face farm fast fastfood female field food fries girl grass green grow growth hamburger human image land nature nourishment nutriment nutrition people person portrait provender she snacking sustenance vertical woman women young youth
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Both their arms are behind their backs because... *sigh*.... hands.
Art (c) Me, ~HalfWayNormal
Both characters (c) ~gayrainbowfoxes
i should defindly start drawing noses, er snouts in more detail, rather than just a triangle, this is really good by the way, I like how you used pencil
G'job mate !
Yeah, at first I used to do triangles for the nose too. Now I try to make them look a little bit more real.
Thank you <3


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Man from India dies in I-94 accident near Eau Claire; many injured
A man from New York City has been arrested on a homicide by negligent operation of a vehicle charge following a fatal accident on Interstate 94 on Friday.
Wisconsin State Patrol officials say that Miguel Mateus, 36, was driving a privately-owned 1989 Eagle conversion bus westbound on I-94, near mile marker 80, when the bus rear-ended a semi-truck in front of it.
The 2006 Kenworth semi was driven by Donald Palmer, 62, Alberta, Canada.