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Forum F-ery Friday: The Martial Developmentally Disabled
Artist's depiction of a day at the Martial Development Blog Headquarters
As a guy who runs an online community comprised of the world's smartest violent people, I get lots of PMs. (Why yes, dear reader, that was meant as a sort of double-entendre; how astute of you to notice.)
Many of the Private Messages I get engender a reaction that I imagine is a lot like Pre-Menstrual Syndrome. My blood pressure increases, I get a dull throb at the front of my skull, and the temptation to stab my fellow human beings makes a concerted effort to bypass the bulwark of my common sense.
That's not to say that all PM interactions here are bad. The ones you, Cowardly Lurker, in particular, send me are just fine.
Anyway, not too long ago I got a PM from an earnest member who'd come across a mention of us in a blog post. The post referenced Sean Treanor's Stanford Journalism class article that profiled our awesomeness. The member seemed to be of the opinion that the folks on said blog had just gotten the wrong idea about what we do and that it would be productive for us to make some effort towards clearing up the misconceptions.
Sounds good to me; I've done this kind of thing a thousand times and we've gotten some good members out of such Internet ambassadorship efforts.
Of course, such outreach programs only work when the person you're attempting to have a conversation with isn't a complete and utter twat.
Chris "H--", seems to be the sole proprietor of The Martial Development Blog; a home for Developmentally Disabled Martial Artists. Oh wait, sorry, that's not their actual tagline; "Unlocking human potential through martial arts" is.
Yeah, that verbiage alone should send a red flag-waving marching brigade crashing into your mental living room if you've been hanging around this place long enough. The notion that there's "human potential" that needs to be "unlocked" absolutely drips with paranormal implications, mysticism, and the kind of thinking that's rooted in a deep desire to be able to cast "Sticks to Snakes" if you get enough experience points to reach level 7.
Or as James Randi would say: "that's some Yellow Bamboo BOOLSHIT!" (if he'd been raised by a black family in the deep south).
To be honest, I missed those red flags upon first glance. Because much like a cop, after seeing his second "hooker disemboweled and stuffed into hefty bag", I tend to instinctively tune out a lot stuff and stick to the bare essential facts and evidence. I helps to keep my sanity and some semblance of respect for other members of my species.
However, only a few sentences into this twat's diatribe, it became increasingly obvious that there was little point in dealing with this person as a peer.
If you've read one chi-hugger apologist's rant about us, you've read a thousand. But what made this one special was the smug, pseudo-intellectual tone with which the author delivers the diatribe. The blog post read like it was delivered through spectacles and down the nose of a 90lb, aspie, community college librarian who couldn't apply his doctorate in Sinophilia towards employment in any other career field.
While attempting to lambaste us for our "populist reasoning" (his assumptions of which aren't even accurate to begin with), "Chris H" even manages to imply that he himself is a legitimate researcher.
So we do the dance. I respond, doing what I do, if not best then with some degree of proficiency. He responds with the tone of someone that's managed to make it halfway into life without ever getting punched in the mouth. I respond again. He, of course, locks the comments down after getting in one last, limp-wristed jab.
And here, as we always provide in this pseudo-column, are the screencaps of the exchange; which I have compiled in order to save you from getting dirt on your brain by actually visiting this person's site (and partially as a record in case he decides to delete them):
Giving this dickwad the benefit of the doubt, maybe he's not an intellectual and moral coward. Perhaps he only locked down the comments because it takes a great deal of effort to type out responses with your pinky fingers in the air.
If you are a glutton for punishment:
Here's the blog post in question.
Here's a related blog post where he implies James Randi is running a scam with his million dollar prize.
--I do like that he hates bullshdio but, breaks one of our vital "mob justice rules." If you have evidence produce it if not, shut the **** up.
He was asked to produce evidence that the ads on bullshido lead to who is investigated.
Funny that many of the MABS threads started when this website HAD NO ADVERTISEMENTS.
Chris // Nov 26, 2009
I must be progressing in my studiesI become more inscrutable every day!
Seriously though, there is a mountain of evidence behind my comments. The mountain is not coming to you however; so, if you want to see it, better start walking.Registered Member
- Join Date
- May 2009
- Location
- Raleigh, NC
- Posts
- 108
Posted On:
12/18/2009 6:17pm
Style: Anything Goes--Honest, I don't see how he can accuse the site of having a 'guilty until proven innocent' mindset. If anything, it's the exact opposite. We keep assuming that a given poster can back up his claims with concrete evidence or, at the very least, sound reasoning. We assume their innocence in the matter; the Bullshidoka prove their guilt.
I mean, honest, check the Brinn investigation. He keeps getting chances to prove himself and he consistently fails. How have we assumed his guilt? If we had, we wouldn't have even given him a chance to come throw down.
Just... wow. This guy fails.--We need to find out which of his cronies we "insulted." That is usually how it goes. The thing is, people never see how many threads get dumped and changed in trollshido.
There was one moved the other day where the person tried to lie about a one year BJJ Blue Belt program.
There is another one concerning a couple of Traditional Martial artists. Slowly, there are things in the works to remedy this obvious mistake.Registered Member
- Join Date
- Jan 2008
- Posts
- 447
Posted On:
12/18/2009 7:34pmRegistered Member
- Join Date
- Jul 2009
- Location
- London
- Posts
- 468
Posted On:
12/18/2009 8:13pm- Join Date
- Oct 2009
- Posts
- 5
Posted On:
12/18/2009 8:41pmCertified Personal Trainer and Drinker of Coffee
- Join Date
- Jan 2006
- Location
- Sherwood, OR
- Posts
- 2,179
Posted On:
12/18/2009 10:03pm--He doesn't like that martial arts are about fighting:
He likes applying concepts like evolution and product lifetimes to MMA, in order to "prove" that it's "just a fad" or "not better than the **** he does," regardless of whether the analogy holds (he doesn't really try to make any connection; he just applies the formula).
Of course, in his dojo, you can subcontract your in-class, to-the-death, eye-gouging kumite matches to a friend for a cut of the winnings:
Do the guys who make this argument ever think to themselves, "Hey...you can't do that in (___insert martial art that they do___) either!" ?
And some pure WTF:
And he misunderstands the concept of "add dirt" or delivery-systems-before-tricks:
...wow.What a disgrace it is for a man to grow old without ever seeing the beauty and strength of which his body is capable. -Xenophon's Socrates


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US 5847912 A Abstract An active rectifier circuit for automatically selecting a pathway for reversible current to move. The rectifier circuit includes a transistor element that is preferably a MOSFET controlled by an amplifier. The amplifier is coupled to a reference voltage source that regulates operation of the transistor element at a potential much lower than is currently available with diode devices. In one application, the rectifier is a battery protection circuit for use within rechargeable battery packs. The battery protection circuit employs the amplifier to drive a pair of discrete MOSFETs having their sources coupled together. In this application, the amplifier functions as a sensitive current detector. The battery protection circuit automatically detects when any battery cell is over-charged or under-charged thereby opening and protecting the MOSFETs. The battery protection circuit determines the direction of current flow within the battery pack. It also automatically detects safe conditions for recovery from an over/under discharge or overcurrent conditions. Optional digital switches may be employed to regulate on, off, and direction of current flow permitted through the MOSFET pair, which effectively is a low-turn-on-threshold reversible diode.
Claims(18) 1. An active rectification circuit couplable to a reversible current source, said circuit comprising:
a) a difference amplifier coupled to a biasing reference voltage said amplifier having an input and an output, wherein said difference amplifier is coupled to a current mirror designed to modify the gain of said difference amplifier; and b) a body-diode-free transistor element, said transistor element including a first MOSFET and a second MOSFET, said first MOSFET and second MOSFET being N-channel transistors coupled together source to source and having a common control node coupled to said output of said amplifier, wherein said transistor element is coupled to said input of said amplifier and wherein said biasing reference voltage controls the activation of said transistor element. 2. The rectification circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein said biasing reference voltage is produced by coupling a first bipolar transistor to a noninverting terminal of said difference amplifier and a second bipolar transistor to an inverting terminal of said difference amplifier, wherein a current density of said bipolar transistor is greater than a current density of said second bipolar transistor.
3. The rectification circuit as claimed in claim 2 wherein said first bipolar transistor has a first active area and said second bipolar transistor has a second active area, said first active area being about four times greater than said second active area.
4. An active rectification circuit comprising:
a) an amplifier element coupled to a voltage source; and a body-diode-free transistor element, said transistor element being a MOSFET and having a gate terminal coupled to an output of said amplifier element, wherein said MOSFET is coupled to an input of said amplifier, said output is couplable to a reversible current source, and said amplifier is designed to switch said MOSFET on or off as a function of a current from said current source. wherein said MOSFET acts as a rectifier to rectify an input signal, said amplifier element automatically controls said MOSFET in response to a predetermined condition of said signal, and wherein said MOSFET has four terminals including a source terminal, a bulk terminal, a drain terminal, and said gate terminal, wherein said source terminal and said body terminal serve as an anode of said rectifier, and wherein said drain terminal serves as a cathode of said rectifier. 5. The active rectification circuit of claim 4, except where said transistor element is a pair of MOSFET transistors.
6. The active rectification circuit of claim 5 wherein said MOSFET transistors are N-channel transistors.
7. The active rectification circuit of claim 5 wherein said MOSFET transistors are P-channel transistors.
8. The active rectification circuit claimed in claim 4 wherein said amplifier element is an operational transconductance amplifier having a positive input terminal coupled to said anode, a negative input terminal coupled to said cathode, and an output terminal coupled to said gate terminal of said transistor element.
9. The active rectification circuit claimed in claim 8 wherein said protection circuit includes a bias voltage element for activating said rectifier.
10. The active rectification circuit as claimed in claim 9 wherein said bias voltage element is connected between said negative input terminal of said amplifier and said rectifier cathode.
11. The active rectification circuit as claimed in claim 10 wherein said bias voltage element is connected between a negative input terminal of said amplifier and a cathode of said rectifier.
12. An active rectification circuit, said circuit comprising:
a) a difference amplifier, said difference amplifier being coupled to a current mirror designed to modify the gain of said difference amplifier; and b) a body-diode-free transistor element, said transistor element being a MOSFET pair, wherein said difference amplifier automatically controls said transistor element in response to a predetermined condition of a signal. 13. The active rectification circuit as claimed in claim 12 wherein said difference amplifier includes a plurality of MOSFET transistors.
14. A method of rectifying a reversible current comprising the steps of:
a) coupling a pair of MOSFETs to said reversible current; b) coupling a difference amplifier to a control node of said pair of MOSFETs; c) supplying a biasing reference voltage to a difference amplifier by coupling a first bipolar transistor to a noninverting terminal of said difference amplifier, and coupling a second bipolar transistor to an inverting terminal of said difference amplifier, so as to define a threshold potential for operation of said pair of MOSFETs, wherein a current density of said first bipolar transistor is greater than a current density of said second bipolar transistor. 15. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein the step of supplying said biasing reference voltage to said difference amplifier includes the step of:
a) coupling said first bipolar transistor to said inverting terminal of said difference amplifier; and b) coupling said second bipolar transistor to said noninverting terminal of said difference amplifier, wherein said current density of said first bipolar transistor is greater than said current density of said second bipolar transistor. 16. The method as claimed in claim 14 wherein said current density of said first bipolar transistor is about four times greater than said current density of said second bipolar transistor.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16 further comprising the step of coupling a digital switch to said first bipolar transistor and to said second bipolar transistor.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17 further comprising the step of coupling a digital switch between said difference amplifier and a common gate of said pair of MOSFETs.
Description 1. Field of the Invention This invention relates to rectification circuits. In particular, this invention is directed to such circuitry that can automatically--that is, actively--identify the change in direction of a signal and respond in kind. More particularly, the present invention is related to rechargeable-battery protection circuitry. Specifically, this invention relates to circuitry designed to determine the current flow direction within a battery pack. It is further directed to prevention of overcharging and over-discharging of rechargeable batteries. More particularly, this invention is directed at such protection circuitry to be included as an integral part of a battery pack containing the cells to be protected. 2. Description of the Prior Art It is well known that rectification is useful in preventing undesired current flow direction. Simply stated, rectification involves the application of a nonlinear device that ideally permits current to flow in one direction while preventing flow in the opposite direction. While the usefulness of an effective rectifier is evident in many applications, it is of primary interest in the field of rechargeable batteries--particularly those rechargeable batteries designed to operate at very low power levels for extended periods of time. Rechargeable battery technology has become a very active research field with the continued increase in the use of portable electronic equipment such as laptop computers, audio and video equipment, and cellular phones. As the demand for portability and system complexity increases, the demands on rechargeable battery technology also grow, especially with respect to making the battery packs lighter and higher capacity. In response to those conflicting requirements, battery research and development has turned to lithium-ion (Li+) rechargeable cells. Li+ cells offer a significant improvement in specific energy (W-hr/kg) characteristics over traditional nickel-based battery technology. In order to take advantage of this improvement, it is necessary to compensate for the fact that Li+ cells are considerably less robust than those of the older technology. In particular, they are much more susceptible to damage from electrical stresses such as being overly discharged while powering a load, overly charged during the charging cycle, or being confronted with a charging voltage of the wrong polarity. It is therefore desirable to build directly into the battery pack protective circuitry to prevent these stresses to the cells: circuitry interposed between the cells and the charging/discharging terminals. By incorporating the protective circuitry into the battery pack containing the Li+ cells, portability constraints are satisfied at the same time that ever-present protection is provided. Battery packs with such in-pack protection are known as "smart batteries." The typical rechargeable battery normally exists in one of three states with respect to the topic under discussion. In the charging state, the battery will have its two terminals connecting to a charger. The charger commonly provides a DC current capable of charging the battery up to its proper "charged" voltage. As the charging continues the voltage applied to the battery's terminals gradually rises. Ideally, it rises asymptotically to a voltage within the acceptable range for the battery. I.e., the charging process should not continue to drive current onto the battery after it is fully charged. If the charger has become defective, or if the user has chosen to apply a charger not designed for the parameters of the battery to be charged, excess charging may occur in the absence of protective circuitry. In principle, it is also possible that the incorrect charger polarity will be applied to the battery terminals by the user. To protect against the latter eventuality previous battery packs have been provided with a passive rectifying circuit connected across the terminals. This approach presents certain problems when the battery is used to provide current to its design load. In its discharging state, the battery has its terminals coupled to the load --e.g. a laptop computer circuit--that it has been designed to power. As it provides power to the load, it discharges and its output voltage drops. For certain types of cells, including Li+ cells, the output voltage remains nearly constant for most of the discharge cycle, then begins to fall rapidly. There will be a minimum voltage below which the electronic appliance will not operate properly. Furthermore, there will be a voltage below which further discharge of the battery will permanently harm the battery. Concurrently the protective circuitry must prevent the battery from continuing to discharge once it has reached a certain discharge level. The third state that the battery pack is normally placed in is the "unused" state, where it is neither being charged or serving as a power supply. It may be disconnected from any other circuit, e.g., literally on the shelf. When the battery is in this state, a desirable role of the protective circuitry is to minimize the drain on the battery in this state and thus extend its shelf life. Although there have been earlier attempts to provide the desired protective circuitry, they have all been lacking in one major regard, as well as in a number of minor ways. In particular, none of the prior art incorporated an amplifier to establish a low-voltage-drop rectifier designed to determine whether a battery pack can continue to be charged or discharged, respectively. As a consequence, the prior art devices had to be directed to turn on and off; they were not automatic. Furthermore, they did not have the capability to act as sensitive current detectors, a feature necessary to react to current crossover. An exemplar prior rectifying device is illustrated in FIG. 1 in simplified form. The previous device includes an integrated circuit (IC) 10 that is typically used for Li+ protection circuits known by those skilled in the art. The IC is coupled to a back-to-back pair of field effect transistors (FETs) M1 and M2, each of which has its own body diode, diode D1 for M1 and D2 for M2. These components are contained within a battery pack 11, which may include more than one battery cell. It is well known that these body diodes are commonly part of discrete MOS transistors and cannot be removed. Simply stated, the prior device operates such that when transistor M1 is on, the battery pack cannot block discharging current, and when transistor M2 is on, the battery pack cannot block charging current. This passive arrangement requires an external device, the IC 10, to inform the FETs when there is a change in polarity of the signal to the Li+ battery. The notification from the IC 10 to initiate operation of the FETs is a synchronizing signal. Given the high potential drop required to initiate operation of the body diodes--800 mV or more--there is a considerable error in monitored voltage before appropriate charging or discharging of the battery occurs. This is a key deficiency in the prior devices. Moreover, given voltage drops of that level, and the currents that are typically experienced--on the order of one ampere--there is considerable power dissipation that yields undesirable heating of the unit, including the battery pack and the circuitry to which it is applied. One solution to this problem has been to keep both transistors on so as to reduce the effects of the diode drops; however, the benefit of rectification is eliminated in this mode of operation due to the way that the transistors are coupled. Therefore, what is needed is a rectifying device that responds quickly to signal-polarity swings and that uses very little power to achieve rectification. In the particular area of battery protection, what is needed is such circuitry that can be incorporated into a pack containing the battery so as to provide active rectification of any voltage source used to charge the battery--that is, rectification circuitry that responds virtually instantaneously to changes in signal polarity--without instructions from external circuitry. What is also needed is such circuitry that provides a sensitive means of monitoring the cell voltage so that over-charging and over-discharging of the battery is prevented. What is further needed is such circuitry that responds to current polarity changes, including those that occur when the current is relatively low and that may result in overcharging of the pack over a period of time. Still further, what is needed is such circuitry that can be manufactured relatively inexpensively and which presents a minimal drain on the battery being protected. Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide rectification circuitry that actively responds to changes in current polarity and that does so with minimal power consumption. It is a particular object of the present invention to provide such circuitry in the context of a battery protection device so as to minimize power consumed from the battery. More particularly, the circuit according to the present invention resides within the battery pack. It is a further object of the present invention to provide accurate in-pack current--polarity sensing. Another object of the present invention is to provide a battery protection circuit with automatic rectifier control. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a battery protection circuit operable over a wide range of currents and load levels, and tolerant of momentary surge faults. These and other objectives are accomplished in the present invention by providing a rectification circuit having a pair of transistors coupled to an operational amplifier. The amplifier is designed to regulate the control nodes of the transistors as a function of the polarity of an external current source. The amplifier controls whether the transistors are on or off. The transistors effectively act as a single transistor without a body diode. A key feature of the rectifier of the present invention involves the potential at which switching of the operation of the transistors occurs. In the prior-art device illustrated in FIG. 1, that happens at a level of 800 mV or more--when the threshold of the particular transistor's body diode is reached. The present device involves the connection of a voltage source that activates one or the other of the transistors at a minimal turn-on level--on the order of about 36 mV in the preferred embodiment of the invention. It can easily be seen that at this more than 20-fold reduction in switching level, power dissipation is significantly reduced. The low-voltage source couplable to the amplifier may be developed in a number of ways well known to those skilled in this field. A preferable way, although not limiting, would be to couple the amplifier to a current source that includes two bipolar transistors sized unequally such that a small potential difference is developed sufficient to activate the MOSFET-pair gate. In a particular embodiment, the present invention is directed to protection of a battery. The battery protection circuit includes the amplifier that controls an ON/OFF state of the transistor pair that is placed in series with the battery cell. The transistors may be of any type but are preferably low-threshold N-channel power Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs). The MOSFETs function to protect the battery cell from inadvertent over-stress. The battery protection circuit compares the cell voltage with predetermined minimum and maximum voltage limits. The battery protection circuit also monitors the bidirectional current flow to and from the battery by measuring the voltage across a current-sensing resistor internal to the battery protection circuit. The battery protection circuit turns the MOSFETs OFF whenever any predetermined fault limit is exceeded. This configuration according to the present invention allows momentary surge faults to be tolerated. The primary components of the protection circuit are the two transistors having a common gate coupled to the amplifier, which is preferably an operational transconductance amplifier. When used as a battery protection device, the circuitry of the present invention can be prepared in a number of embodiments. A key element is the amplifier that operates to drive a pair of MOSFETs internal to the battery pack and external to the rechargeable cell(s). The amplifier is coupled to the gates of the MOSFETs such that current is permitted to move in one automatically-selected direction when the device is activated. When only a single cell is to be protected with the present active-rectification circuit, the MOSFET pair is preferably a set of N-type MOSFETs; however, it is to be understood that the circuit is not limited to that configuration alone. When two cells in a pack are to be protected, there may be two N-type FETs or two P-type FETs. For three cells or more, it is preferable to design the rectification circuitry using corresponding pairs of P-type MOSFETs because the excess gate drive that is available overcomes the on-resistance limitations characteristic of P-type MOSFETs. The battery current is monitored continuously by measuring the voltage across an internal sense resistor. If the terminal current exceeds the predetermined maximum charging current (IMAX-CHG) in the charge mode for a period longer than a predetermined overcurrent time (tOVERCURRENT) the disconnect-and-power-down mode is entered. If the terminal current exceeds the predetermined maximum discharging current (IMAX-DIS) in the discharge mode for a period longer than the predetermined overcurrent time (tOVERCURRENT), the disconnect-and-power-down mode is entered. Recovery to conduction mode requires either the removal and re-connection of the battery pack from the load or charger or a momentary disconnect using some type of switching means. Once the operating conditions are safe for discharge, the battery protection circuit allows the battery pack to be active again. Switching of the operational mode of the rectification circuit may be achieved digitally by means well known to those skilled in the art. The operation of the device preferably includes a complete on or off of the FETs, as well as a switching of polarity when the device is actively rectifying. It will be apparent to one skilled in the art through the following description of the drawings and description of the preferred embodiment that numerous variations exist which are well within the scope of the present invention. The accompanying drawings and descriptions are merely illustrative of one form of the present invention and are not meant to be construed as limiting the rectification and battery protection circuitry of the present invention to any particular use or setting. FIG. 1 is a simplified diagram of a battery-protection circuit of the prior art, showing generally the coupling of a controlling integrated circuit to a pair of MOSFETs. FIG. 2 is a simplified summary diagram illustrating the resultant active rectification operation of the circuit of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a more detailed illustration of the active rectification circuit of the present invention, showing the MOSFET pair coupled to the amplifier and to their respective body diodes. FIG. 4 is an illustration of the resultant effect of the rectification circuit of FIG. 3 when the circuit is active and with the battery being charged. FIG. 5 is an illustration of the resultant effect of the rectification circuit of FIG. 3 when the circuit is active and with the battery discharging to a load. FIG. 6 is a simplified illustration of the preferred implementation of the active rectification circuit of the present invention, showing the multiple-mode selection switching operation of the device and the means by which the biasing voltage is implemented. FIG. 7 is a simplified illustration of the application of a pair of battery packs, including their respective FETs, in combination with a charger and a load to be supplied by the packs. FIG. 8 is a detailed illustration of the preferred implementation of the amplifier of the protection circuit in accordance with the present invention. FIG. 9 is a diagram of an integrated embodiment of the protection circuit in accordance with the present invention. In FIG. 2, an amplifier element 12 is shown generally as the controlling element in an active-rectification circuit. The amplifier element 12 is an Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA) which drives a MOSFET M shown in an ideal state having no body diode. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, that ideal, body-diode-free MOSFET M is actually a pair of back-to-back MOSFETs used to automatically block currents in both directions when both MOSFETs are off. The active rectification that results may be accomplished over a wide range of frequencies--from DC to radio--and in a variety of applications. For the purpose of the detailed description of the present invention, the discussion of the invention will focus on the protection of a Li+ battery cell; however, it is to be understood that the rectifier may be directed to other applications as well. With continuing reference to FIG. 2, an external current source, 101, is shown as a supply of current Is. In the context of a battery-pack-protection device, this is the source of power to charge the battery pack. In the present invention, the current Is supplied by this current source 101 is diverted to ground by MOSFET M if and when current I1, within the branch noted has the polarity of current Is. The drain of MOSFET M is connected to the noninverting input of OTA 12, the open-loop gain of which attempts to drive the voltage at the drain of MOSFET M to a pre-set reference voltage VB. Should the polarity of current I1 reverse, the drain node of MOSFET M (and, therefore, the noninverting input of OTA 12) is pulled below VB. The OTA 12 then automatically forces MOSFET M off and maintains MOSFET M in the non-conducting state until the current I1 reverses polarity again. It is thus possible, when charging the battery pack, to apply either a DC current source (of the proper polarity) or to apply an AC current source. The selective transmission of current described above is an example of programmable active rectification. It is programmable in the sense that the ON voltage of MOSFET M--i.e., the voltage at which the MOSFET M is turned on --can be set by the value selected for VB. Ideally, one would like to set VB to zero, so as to provide an ideal rectifier (zero "on" voltage). Unfortunately, in the real world this is not possible; the non-zero output resistance of the MOSFET M precludes this. Nevertheless, it is desirable to select as low a value for VB as is possible, provided that that value exceeds the offset of the amplifier 12. A lower value of VB enhances the flexibility of the device in that currents can be rectified with no cross-over error independent of the specifics of the amplifier, e.g., its finite offset voltage. In addition, the use of a low VB minimizes the power dissipation in the rectifying element, the external MOSFET M. It is to be understood that the value of VB is selectively variable which allows the circuit to accomplish its function over a wide range of current values. As the current increases, a value is reached whereupon the output of the OTA 12 saturates and is unable to drive the gate of the MOSFET M any higher, i.e., to turn the MOSFET M any further "on." The voltage drop across the MOSFET M then increases due to the fixed-channel resistance of the MOSFET M. FIG. 3 presents a particular embodiment of the general concept of active rectification shown in FIG. 2. It is to be understood that while one particular circuit arrangement is shown, other topological variations would perform the same function. That is, a key to the operation of the present device is the use of a body-free-diode transistor. In the particular embodiment shown in FIG. 3, that body-diode-free transistor is in the form of a pair of back-to-back MOSFETs. However, alternative arrangements may be used. As seen in FIG. 3, the OTA 12 drives the common gates of a pair of back-to-back N-channel MOSFETs, M21 and M22. As previously noted, it is preferable to use two N-channel MOSFETs when a single battery cell is to be protected. For three or more cells, the MOSFETs are preferably P-channel. In either case, it is to be understood that the rectifier is operable with either MOSFET type in conjunction with the OTA 12 and the reference voltage VB. Note that the sources of the two N-channel MOSFETS M21 and M22 are tied together, whereas in the prior-art device, in addition to having no amplifier means, the MOSFETs have their drains tied together. Resistor RD is a shunt between the gate and source terminals of both N-channel MOSFETS M21 and M22 and provides a discharge path for the gates of these transistors during the interval that the FETs are nonconducting. Alternatively, the discharge path may be provided through active-FET gate-to-source turn-off switches, or other well-known means. With continuing reference to FIG. 3, note the parasitic body diodes 17 and 18. If only one MOSFET device is used, i.e., M21 or M22, and the gate drive is zero, the related parasitic body diode of the device, 18 or 17 respectively, would bypass the OFF device. The series connection of the discrete MOSFETs, M21 and M22, accommodates transmission (when the common gates of M21 and M22 are HIGH) and blocking (when the gates are LOW) for current I1 of either polarity. In this way, current Iload may be supplied to the device to be powered, identified as load RL, without damage to the battery cell and without affect on charging of the cell. A summary of the effect of the polarity of the source current 11 on the operative characteristic of the active rectification circuit is illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 5. In FIG. 4, the source current 11 is shown as being of negative polarity (that is, the battery is charging) and the MOSFET pair M21 and M22 effectively behave as a single FET. Note that the pack cannot be loaded in this configuration. This arrangement eliminates the body diode effect of the transistor in operation and the forward drop of the resultant forward-biased effective "diode" is VB. The combination of M21 and M22 in this instance results in an "ideal" charging transistor MC that acts as a low-turn-on-threshold diode DC. In FIG. 5, the source current I1 is shown as being of positive polarity (that is, the battery is being loaded) and the MOSFET pair M21 and M22 effectively acts as a single FET. This arrangement eliminates the body diode effect of the transistor in operation and, again, the forward drop of the resultant forward-biased effective "diode" is VB. The combination of M21 and M22 in this instance results in an "ideal" discharging transistor MD that acts as a low-turn-on-threshold diode DD. Note that the pack cannot be charged in this configuration. As illustrated in FIG. 6, transistors Q2 and Q3 may be utilized as a specific means for developing the reference voltage VB. Transistors Q2 and Q3 are preferably shown as PNP-type bipolar transistors. While alternative means may be provided for developing an applied voltage on the inverting and noninverting terminals of the OTA 12, it has been determined that this is a particularly efficient way to develop the reference voltage VB. In active operation of the present invention, transistors Q2 and Q3 are on, pursuant to biasing from currents I2 and I3 developed by sources 102 and 103, respectively. A voltage differential is developed on the OTA 12 that is based upon the current densities of the respective bipolar transistors as determined by the equation V=kT/q*ln((A2 *I3)(A3 *I2))/, where A2 is the emitter area of transistor Q2 and A3 is the emitter area of transistor Q3. Of course, it is to be understood that this equation is directed to the specific arrangement illustrated in FIG. 6 and that details of the actual VB actually developed will depend upon the parameters selected. For example, in the circuitry shown in FIG. 6 and with I2 =I3, if A2 =4A3, VB is about 36 mV for typical PNP bipolar transistors. With continuing reference to FIG. 6, it can be seen that digital means may be coupled to the OTA 12 and the MOSFETs M21 and M22 so as to control operation of the active rectification circuit. In particular, amplifier switch SW1 provides the means for selecting the operational direction of the effective low-turn-on-threshold diode, either DD or DC. Optional regulating switch SW2 may be included as part of the rectification device in order to control the operation of the MOSFET pair M21 and M22. Switch SW1 is designed to change the polarity of the feedback to the OTA 12 so as to identify the direction of active rectification. When SW1 is connected as shown and with SW2 connected in the active rectification mode at node C, the device acts as a charge-only rectifier. With SW1 connected in the opposite way so that the base of transistor Q2 is coupled to ground, the device acts as a discharge-only rectifier. With continuing reference to FIG. 6, it can be seen that with SW2 connected at position A, the gates of the transistors are biased HIGH such that they always exceed the threshold for bidirectional operation. That is, they are both always on. When the switch SW2 is in position B, the gates of the transistors are biased LOW, the transistors are not driven and resistor Rd effectively collapses the gate-source voltage Vgs of each transistor M21 and M22 to zero so that both MOSFETs are off. Finally, with switch SW2 in position C, the device is in active rectification mode and switch SW1 is determinative of rectification direction, as indicated in the earlier discussion regarding that switch. FIG. 7 provides a basic simplified illustration of a pair of battery packs 201 and 202. The first pack 201 is shown with transistor pair M21 and M22, and second pack 202 is shown with transistor pair M31 and M32 in an arrangement similar to that presented in the previous figures and without showing the coupling to an OTA. The pack is shown coupled to a charger 300 having current source 101 and to a load that is resistance RL. Of course, a battery of the type shown may include more than two protected battery packs. The charger 300 may be of any type deemed sufficient for the particular application. In summary, it is the function of the active rectification device of the present invention to prevent: 1) overcharging from the charger 300 to the battery cells pursuant to the selection of the particular transistor coupled to the OTA 12; 2) overdischarging when there is no charge; and 3) the current from one pack to flow into another pack whenever a charge or a load is applied. Although the design set out in FIG. 3 is relatively straightforward, a closer consideration of MOSFET I-V characteristics shows that it is not. In particular, with the simple circuit of FIG. 3, where the MOSFETs act as an inverter with gain, an unstable situation may develop when the discrete MOSFETS M21 and M22 are biased at such low currents that they operate in saturation and hence manifest extremely high output impedances. For the purpose of analysis of this problem, it is to be noted that the discrete MOSFETs M21 and M22 in conjunction with the external load resistance RL form a second gain stage in series with the OTA 12. (The external load resistance in combination with the output impedance of this stage yields an effective resistance RL '.) Under high current conditions, the gain of the second stage, the output stage (the FETs), is reduced and its corner frequency is much higher than that of the input stage (the OTA). Consequently, the composite gain is little affected, qualitatively or quantitatively, by the existence of the second gain stage. In contrast, when the biasing current is low the second stage has a very high gain and a correspondingly low corner frequency. Exacerbating the problem is the fact that the increase in second stage gain lowers the corner frequency of the first stage (as a result of the Miller-multiplied gate-drain capacitance of MOSFET M21 dominating the pole frequency). The resulting composite gain and phase response then becomes rife with gain and phase margin problems. Traditional amplifier designs avoid the problem set out above by biasing the output stage so that it forms a Class AB amplifier; some minimum level of bias is always maintained. Also, for traditional applications, the load resistance is normally never as high as the RL ' described above. These options are not open to the present circuit, for which the output stage (the external MOSFETs) must operate from zero current to unspecified maximum current into loads that vary from infinity down to zero ohms. Thus, a different approach is required. One way in which to meet the performance requirements of the present circuit would be to design an input stage having a sufficiently broad bandwidth that its corner point occurs far out beyond where the overall gain falls to unity. Unfortunately, present practical fabrication considerations rule this option out. Another approach, and the one used in the present invention, is to make the gain of the input stage (the OTA 12) low enough so that the overall gain reaches unity before phase margin becomes a problem. This can be done relatively easily, i.e., with high yield, with present fabrication techniques. There are a number of circuit designs implementing this approach; FIG. 8 shows the one used in the preferred embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 8 details a specific circuit design showing the OTA 12 elements according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Here again, it is to be understood that while one particular circuit design is shown, other variations apparent through the below detailed description may be used without straying from the scope of the invention. In FIG. 8, the OTA stage 12 is shown to preferably include eight transistors, M1 through M8 arranged substantially symmetrically in two groups. The groups include transistors M1, M3, M5, M7 in one group and transistors M2, M4, M6, M8 in the other group. Specifically, M1, M2, M7, and M8 are shown as P-channel MOSFETs and M3, M4, MS, and M6 are shown as N-channel MOSFETs. The sources of M1 and M2, which may go through a current source, as well as M7 and M8, are tied together to a positive voltage supply. The gates of M3 and M5 are tied together, and to the drain of transistor M1. The gates of transistors M4 and M6 are tied together, and to the drain of transistor M2. The sources of M3, M4, M5, and M6 are grounded. The drains of M6 and M6, respectively, are coupled to the drains of M7 and M8 whose gates are tied together. While the specific preferred embodiment of the OTA stage 12 is shown in FIG. 8, it is to be understood that other amplifier arrangements may provide the same drive characteristics required by the remainder of the protection circuit. With continuing reference to FIG. 8, transistor M10 can be seen to be an output device. A variety of current mirror means for modifying the gain can be employed. The type shown in the preferred embodiment is through transistor M12. The current of transistor M10 is fractionally mirrored back to the drains of M6 and M8 by transistor M12. In the absence of transistor M12, the gain at the gate of transistor M10 would be determined by the net output impedance of transistors M6 and M8. The inclusion of transistor M12 reduces the gain by adding a lower impedance path in parallel with the drains of transistors M6 and M8. Alternatively, one or more bipolar transistors (not shown) may be used in place of transistors M10 and M12. However, the ratio of current returned to the drains of transistors M6 and M8 would be dependent on the β of the bipolar transistor(s). Such β would vary significantly with bipolar transistor design, processing, and operating temperature, while using the MOSFET mirror in transistor M12 allows this mirror fraction to be determined essentially by device geometries. FIG. 8 is also seen to include transistors M9 and M11. These transistors provide a first-order correction for an input offset error due to the current from transistor M12. Transistors M9 and M11 accomplish this by injecting a matching current into the mirror side of the OTA 12 that includes M12. This injected current is designed to match the current from transistor M12 if the current in transistor M10 is exactly IB. When the current in transistor M10 varies from IB, such variation will be reflected at the input of the OTA 12. In this way, the present invention provides a circuit with finite gain that is established by transistors M1 through M12 geometry alone. FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a battery pack 40 incorporating the present invention in an eight-pin integrated circuit (IC) package designed to protect a battery cell 50. The device presented in FIG. 9 differs from the circuit of FIG. 6 only in that FIG. 9 provides a broad view of the components necessary to control the rectification circuit in the context of the battery pack 40. It is to be noted that, in the OFF state, the OTA 12 would not drive the gates of the external MOSFETs. With further reference to this figure, the first pin 1 is a terminal of an optional internal current-sensing resistor RSENSE. The second pin 2 is a negative IC supply and sense pin for the battery cell's negative terminal. The third pin 3 CONTROL, is used for enabling and disabling MOSFET drive and power-down modes. The fourth pin 4 is a sense pin for the cell's positive terminal. The fifth pin 5 is for coupling to a positive IC supply. The sixth pin 6 is a connection to pin 5 and is used for testing. The seventh pin 7 is used to monitor the negative potential of the pack. The eighth pin 8 GATE, is the gate drive for the external MOSFETs M21 and M22. The GATE pin is switched to positive supply pin 5 in the ON condition and is a high impedance during the OFF condition, and driven by the OTA 12 for active rectification. Although the present invention has been described with specific reference to particular arrangements and components, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited in that regard. The present invention includes those equivalents within the scope of knowledge of those skilled in the art. Patent Citations
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If you listened to President Obama's State of the Union speech in January, you probably heard him reference the middle class a few times when he laid out his Middle-Class Economics plan, which included raising taxes and broadening the scope of government in our lives.
Congress has made a unified effort to put the priorities of the American people ahead of the president's liberal agenda.
We sent a bill to the White House that means good-paying jobs and energy security. We passed the Keystone XL pipeline.
WASHINGTON – Congressman Markwayne Mullin (OK-02) today voted for the America's Small Business Tax Relief Act of 2015, which passed the U.S. House of Representatives by a bipartisan vote of 272 to 142.
WASHINGTON – Congressman Markwayne Mullin (OK-02) today voted for a bill to approve the northern section of the Keystone XL Pipeline. The legislation passed the House by a vote of 270 to 152, setting the stage for a showdown with the president, who has threatened to veto the bill. The second-term lawmaker issued the following statement after the vote:
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text: Find this wine Find this wine Walla Walla Valley 2010 2009 Cabernet Pin It Tweet one year ago by Lyndkriss More posts Amavi Cellars Walla Walla Valley Cabernet Sauvignon 2012 Seattle 2015 3 weeks ago by Jreid40 House Red Wine Bottle House red wine 2010, Columbia valley, walla walla WA - originalredwine.com - at SNL Brian's house one month ago by Dkauha Walla Walla Vinters Walla Walla Valley Merlot 2011 Wine Bottle Red Cow 2014 Favourite 7 months ago by Scott C. 2009 Figgins Walla Walla Valley Estate Red Wine Bottle 2nd year dtc. With Neil Tom and Nitin. 10 months ago by Matthew D. The Stranger 2010. Walla Walla Valley Red Wine Deep, full body nice nose long finish one year ago by Bonalex0531


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We want to ensure that making a return is as easy and hassle-free as possible! If for any reason you decide that your purchase just isn't for you, simply return the item within 30 days of receipt and we'll cover the return shipping when you choose our FREE Pre-Paid Return Shipping Label. Learn more about our return policy.
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Daniel M.
PHP, HTML, CSS and MySQL developer with CodeIgniter framework
With more than ten years of experience on Linux administration (specially Debian) and web servers setup, web programming is my actual profession.
PHP, HTML, CSS and python are my roads to get your target.
I like to use frameworks as Codeigniter, Twitter Bootstrap, Less CSS, JQuery, Mootools, Blueprint or even Raphaeljs as my vehicles.
Of course, we cannot leave alone the most important one in order to get permanent data storing: the databases. I like MySQL and its innoDB engine to ensure data…
Daniel M. has added 4 portfolio pieces. Create an account to review them.
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What does ITEP mean in Military?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand ITEP in the Governmental field in general and in the Military terminology in particular.
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"ITEP." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 2 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/23217>.
ITEP also stands for:
- Illinois Teacher Education Partnership
- improved turbine engine program
- Independent Technical Evaluation Plan
- Information Technology for Education Policymakers
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow
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Will He, Won't He? Pawlenty Eyes Presidential Bid
There are signs the former Minnesota governor hopes to be America's next president.
893 results for 'south'. Showing results 667 - 684
There are signs the former Minnesota governor hopes to be America's next president.
As seen on The 700 Club's nationally televised broadcast for Jan. 10, the top headlines from CBN News include...
Country Music's Heritage Celebrated at White House
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Welcome to Rusty's Gold & Treasure Hunting Supply
Rusty's Gold & Treasure Hunting Supply is your Orange County Authorized Dealer for Deteknix, Falcon, Fisher, Garrett, Tesoro, Minelab and White's Metal Detectors.
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We are a fully stocked metal detecting and gold prospecting supply store located in Anaheim Hills, California, -- if what you need is not on the website, please phone us, we most likely have it in stock and would be more than happy to take a phone order for you.
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Blue Bowl Gold Concentrator Kit with Pump and Leg Levelers
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Use those beautiful skeins of sock yarn for something very different!
This is a very versatile piece of clothing that can be wore as a cowl, neckwarmer, shoulderwarmer, or poncho. One size fits all.
It(tm)s a very fast and easy project, level: advanced beginner.
It(tm)s completely seamless, crocheted top down and in the round.
The thin sock yarn worked with a 6mm hook give it a lovely light and breezy lace look.
This pattern contains both written instructions and a crochet symbol chart.
Crocheting | |
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Women, Girls, Petite, Tall, Plus-sized | |
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Designing is my passion, yarn is a big part my life. I've been crocheting and knitting for quite some time now and with my patterns I hope to inspire and stimulate anyone to start crafting!
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I am that special someone who is looking for her special someone
and who will treat me the same way that I will treat them. I love
to laugh, and I love to cuddle but not necessarily in that order.
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Pronunciation: celis
Added on: 2011-08-02
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Pronunciation in Latvian [lv]
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Identity Crisis: Confused Nokia N9 can't choose which OS to use, comes with 7 to cover all the bases [VIDEO]
Proud owners of a new Nokia N9 are probably more than happy with its unique, quirky and individual OS MeeGo, but for some, that just isn't enough.
This unusual looking lime green N9 has been demoed on video showcasing its ability to switch between not just one, but seven different mobile operating systems. Of course it's not some special edition or in house unit leaked from the Finns but in fact a peculiar shanzhai/'Nok-off' straight from the back streets of China. Read more »


text:
Lucky Charms Cookies
From Good Housekeeping
triple-tested at the Good Housekeeping Research Institute
These white chocolate chip cookies have a St. Patrick's Day twist: marshmallow cereal bits!
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Nutritional Information
(per serving)
Calories | -- |
Total Fat | -- |
Saturated Fat | -- |
Cholesterol | -- |
Sodium | -- |
Total Carbohydrate | -- |
Dietary Fiber | -- |
Sugars | -- |
Protein | -- |
Calcium | -- |
Erin Phraner
Yields: about 3 dozen
Oven Temp: 375
U.S. | Metric | Conversion chart |
- 2 cup(s) Lucky Charms (just cereal, no marshmallows)
- 1.50 cup(s) all-purpose flour
- 1 teaspoon(s) baking soda
- 1 teaspoon(s) salt
- 2 stick(s) (16 tablespoons) butter, at room temperature
- 1 cup(s) granulated sugar
- 3/4 cup(s) packed light brown sugar
- 2 large eggs
- 1 cup(s) Lucky Charms marshmallow bits
- 1/2 cup(s) (or up to 3/4 cup, if desired) white chocolate chips
- Line a large jelly-roll pan with parchment paper.
- In food processor, pulse Lucky Charms 1 minute or until finely ground; transfer cereal to large bowl. Add flour, baking soda, and salt and whisk until combined.
- In large bowl, with a mixer on medium speed, beat butter, granulated sugar, and brown sugar for 4 minutes, or until light and fluffy. Beat in the eggs, 1 at a time, until combined. Reduce mixer speed to medium-low. Add flour mixture all at once and beat until it is just combined. Fold in marshmallow bits and chocolate chips using a spatula or wooden spoon. Cover and refrigerate dough 30 minutes.
- Preheat the oven to 375 degrees F. Scoop rounded tablespoonfuls of dough onto prepared cookie sheet, about 2 inches apart. Bake 8 to 10 minutes or until pale golden. Let the cookies cool on the pan for 5 minutes, then transfer them to wire racks to cool completely.
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text:
Pruning Liriope - Groundcover
Hi, a friend of mine suggested I cut back my Liriope, so my husband went to Lowes and brought me some pruner (I guess thats what you call it). I do not know much about gardening but they look pretty good except I think they are about to go dormant for the winter.
I have already cut two down to the ground but I got nervous and thought I better ask the experts on this site. I also did a little research on the web and it suggested I used hedge sheers - are those the type that you use to trim hedges or can I use my pruners my hubby brought for me?
Hubby did not want me to use the hedges we have now because he said it could transmit disease to the Liriope.
Any suggestions would be appreciated. Thank you in advance!!!
I'll tell you my experience with our variegated liriope and let you be the judge. My var liriope is hardy to zone 8, so for me it will get just enough browned out foliage (and it does not have a nice winter look like so many ornamental grasses do) to require cutting back and cleaning up. I cut it back in February before new growth starts pushing up. Since it isn't a super hardy variety that I have, I do not cut back in winter, but let the foliage protect it.
The problem came with how to cut back. I always have trouble finding the right tool to cut back sedges and soft grasses. Hedge trimmers tend to tear and rip, while shears just don't work on a large clump. It may sound crazy, but I use a really sharp good pair of 8 inch scissors. First I take a rake and rake through the foliage, pulling up all the dead and debris in the plant. Then I actually give them a nice shaped haircut. That's my liriope experience.
Thanks grass guy for responding so quickly. So I guess I should wait until February? How low should I cut? The two I mentioned earlier that I cut, I cut them all the way to the ground...flushed. Was I correct in doing that? They were so pretty during the summer and I do not want to kill them.
ambitious...a couple of thoughts:
It would help us if we knew where you are, zone-wise. Lily relatives like Liriope react differently in different zones, and definately different from grasses.
Unless you have a lot of plants in reserve, it's often better to ask questions like this before you cut.
Now, we need to know what kind of Liriope you have. If it's plain old Monkey Grass, and you're in a fairly temperate zone, say zone 7 or up, trimming it flush to the ground probably won't hurt it.
If you're in a colder zone, or if you have a sensitive cultivar, you may want to mulch it for the winter to give it some protection.
don, sorry, I should have mentioned the zone and type. I am in Zone 7 - and the type of Liriope I have is Liriope 'variegated. They have purple flowers growing from the center. They were planted when I had my landscaping completed along with Azaleas and a Dwarf Japanese Maple on January 10, 2006. Hope this helps!
Thank you so much for responding.
If you're in zone 7, you must have true variegated liriope. I'm growing aztec grass, which everyone around here calls variegated liriope, but is really an ophiopogon...i believe. It gets much thicker clumped and much harder to cut back.
Are these in a border or planted in a massed planting? Ive seen people take their mowers right over liriope plantings and cut them down to 3 or 4 inches. They seem to come back just fine around here.
grass guy, the Liriope are planted in a border outlining a very curvy landscaping from the front of the house to both sides. I must say the landscapers did an outstanding job. I guess my hubby could use the lawnmower but I am afraid he is going to nick the heads of the irrigation system or get to close to my dwarf azaleas.
I was surprised to find that anyone in zone 7 would be cutting back their liriope now. My Variegated Liriope up here in zone 5 Michigan hasn't started to look bad yet. (I grow it in a protected area close to my house because it is only marginally hardy. I know you guys will laugh, but up here I treat this as a specimen plant!)
We have already had a couple of snow squalls this fall and many of the trees in our neighborhood have lost their leaves, all my hostas are gone, the spring bulbs are planted, but the liriope still looks fine.
BTW, I never cut mine back hard in the spring either. I trim off a few burned fronds and cut stems as necessary with household scissors &/or run my hands through the plants and grab and toss debris, then let the new foliage fill in.
I always find zone differences to be fascinating. :~))
I'm in zone 7 in VA and have a border of variegated liriope that does very well. I give it a serious cut in February, before the new growth starts. I cut it as low as I reasonably can without actually getting into the crown of the plant. I've used everything from hand pruners to scissors to hedge trimmers to a gas powered string trimmer. The easiest by far is the string trimmer but the neatest looking is the scissors. However, they also make for the hardest work. If you're worried about transmitting diseases from one plant to another, just rinse the tools you're using with a 9 parts water to 1 part bleach solution between plants.
A few years I've left it without trimming and it's really messy looking for several months from the dead leaves. We also get some fungus in it each winter that seems to be better controlled by the spring cut. Then it looks great all summer and fall with very little evidence of the fungus.
I'm in zone 7 and simply mow them over (both the green and the variegated) with a lawnmower in very early spring before the new growth starts emerging. No muss, no fuss, and they fill out quickly once it starts warming up. The ones I can't use the mower on get hand trimmed with clippers.


text:
Hotel Das Wienerwald - Eichgraben
Hauptstraße 34 - Eichgraben
1-877-662-6988Welcome to Das Wienerwald!
This 3-star Eichgraben hotel offers dry cleaning/laundry. If you are in need of rest and relaxation you can find massage/treatment rooms, a spa tub and a steam room on offer. Don't forget to pack your swimwear as this hotel features an indoor pool. Outfitted with a bar/lounge, you'll find the perfect place to have a drink. Multilingual staff can provide tour/ticket assistance.
Planning a meeting? This hotel has 6 meeting rooms, as well as a business center. Other amenities include a train station pick-up service, an elevator (lift), a garden and concierge services.
We show TripAdvisor reviews for new Venere hotels that haven't been reviewed yet
Check Availability at Hotel Das Wienerwald
Breakfast at Hotel Das Wienerwald
A free breakfast is served between 7 AM and 10 AM.
Hotel Facilities at Das Wienerwald
- Business Center
- Meeting Room
- Conference room
- Bar
- Restaurant/Dining
- Snack bar
- Laundry service
- Lift/elevator
- Room service - limited hour
- Pets accepted
- Dogs allowed
- Garden
- Multilingual staff
- Concierge
- Luggage room
- City tour
- Indoor swimming pool
- Health club
- Steam bath
- Massages
- Spa/Wellness Centre
- Hydromassage Jacuzzi
- Shuttle service from and/or to the airport
- Shuttle service
- Shuttle service from and/or to the railway station
Know before you go
- This property offers transfers from the airport and train station (surcharges may apply). Guests must contact the property with arrival details 24 hours prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
- Reservations are required for massage services and spa treatments. Reservations can be made by contacting the hotel prior to arrival, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
- A resort fee is included in the total price displayed.
- The property allows pets in specific rooms only and has other pet restrictions. Guests can arrange to bring pets by contacting the property directly, using the contact information on the booking confirmation.
Check-in: between 2 PM and 10 PM.
Check-out: before 11 AM.
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
City tax and/or any other fees charged by the hotel
The following fees and deposits are charged by the property at time of service, check-in, or check-out.
- A late check-out fee will be charged
- Cleaning/housekeeping/linens are available for an additional fee
- Rollaway beds are available for an additional fee
The above list may not be comprehensive. Fees and deposits may not include tax and are subject to change.
You'll be asked to pay the following charges at the hotel:
- A tax is imposed by the city: EUR 2 per person, per night. This tax does not apply to children under 3 years of age.
The charges below are included in your overall room price:
- Resort fee
We have included all charges provided to us by the property. However, charges can vary, for example, based on length of stay or the room you book.
Renovation and closures
The property is closed between 1 January and 29 March.Das Wienerwald Hotel reviews by TripAdvisor
Room Details
Reserve your business-friendly accommodation at Das Wienerwald, where all guest rooms come with phones and private bathrooms. Guests can unwind at the end of a long day and enjoy televisions with satellite channels. Business travelers visiting the Eichgraben area will have access to desks and safes. Additional comforts include minibars.
Accommodation Services
- Telephone
- Mini bar
- Extra beds
- Safe
- Desk
- Satellite TV
Distances from Hotel Das Wienerwald
Wienerwald Museum - 0.4 km / 0.2 miEichgraben Church - 0.5 km / 0.3 mi
Goldammer Museum - 4.5 km / 2.8 mi
Mauerbach Charterhouse - 15.7 km / 9.7 mi
Lainzer Tiergarten - 16.3 km / 10.1 mi
Mayerling Chapel - 16.6 km / 10.3 mi
Heiligenkreuz Abbey - 17.1 km / 10.6 mi
Tullner Museum - 18 km / 11.2 mi
Egon Schiele Museum - 18.2 km / 11.3 mi
Rosarium - 25.4 km / 15.8 mi
Doblhoffpark - 25.6 km / 15.9 mi
Kurpark - 25.9 km / 16.1 mi
Rathaus - 26 km / 16.2 mi
Beethoven Schauraume - 26.1 km / 16.2 mi
Rollett-Museum - 26.1 km / 16.2 mi
The preferred airport for Das Wienerwald is Vienna (VIE-Vienna Intl.) - 42 km / 26.1 mi.
Distances are calculated in a straight line from the property's location to the point of interest or airport and may not reflect actual travel distance.
Distances are displayed to the nearest 0.1 mile and kilometer.
Transportation services Hotel Das Wienerwald
- Shuttle service from and/or to the airport
- Shuttle service
- Shuttle service from and/or to the railway station
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Archives :: Regions :: India/Pakistan
Displaying 221 - 240 of 1406 stories.
December 2, 2013
India's first styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) plant, at Panipat, was inaugurated on 29 November by the country's minister of petroleum, natural gas, and textiles, Panabakka Lakshmi...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Indias-first-SBR-production-plant-inaugurated_57019.html December 2, 2013
KKR, a leading global investment firm, says it will acquire a minority stake in Gland Pharma (Hyderabad, India), a leading Indian pure-play generic injectables pharmaceutical products...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/KKR-buys-stake-in-Indian-firm-Gland-Pharma-for-$200-million_57016.html November 29, 2013
Sabic says it has today opened the previously announced new technology center at Bangalore, India. The Sabic Technology Center (STC) at Bangalore, built with an initial investment of...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Sabic-opens-technology-center-in-India_57008.html November 27, 2013
Styrolution says it will consolidates its Indian operations. The assets include ABS India (SAI; Vadodara, India) and Styrolution India Private Ltd. (Mumbai). Styrolution India Private...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Styrolution-to-consolidate-its-ABS-operations-in-India_56957.html November 26, 2013
Chempolis (Oulu, Finland), a biorefining technology company, says it has signed a memorandum of understanding with Oil and Natural Gas Corp. (ONGC; New Delhi), for the first...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Chempolis-and-ONGC-sign-deal-for-production-of-cellulosic-ethanol-and-biochemicals_56954.html November 25, 2013
Gharda Chemicals (Mumbai) plans to build a commercial-scale plant at Panoli, India for making specialized engineering resins polyetherketone (PEK), polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Gharda-Chemicals-to-build-commercial-scale-PEK-plant-in-India_56936.html November 11, 2013
Tata Chemicals (Mumbai) reports a 47.6% fall in net profits for its fiscal second quarter, ended 30 September, compared with the year-ago period, to 1.34 billion Indian rupees ($21...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Tata-Chemicals-reports-47-6-percent-fall-in-net-profits_56612.html November 4, 2013
India has set ambitious growth targets for pharmaceutical exports, the India Brand Equity Foundation (IBEF; Gurgaon) and Pharmexcil (Hyderabad) announced recently at the CPhI trade...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/CPhI-India-targets-position-as-pharmacy-of-the-world_56415.html November 4, 2013
Granules India (Hyderabad, India), a producer of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), intermediates, and formulations, says it has signed an agreement to acquire API manufacturer...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Granules-India-acquires-API-manufacturer-opens-API-research-facility_56413.html October 30, 2013
DSM Pharmaceutical Products (Parsippany, NJ), the custom manufacturing and technology business of DSM, says it has today opened the previously announced new cGMP facility at Brisbane...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/DSM-opens-biopharmaceutical-plant-in-Australia_56310.html October 28, 2013
Agrochemical firm Nufarm (Melbourne) says that its wholly owned seed and traits subsidiary, Nuseed, has opened a multimillion-dollar innovation center at Horsham, Australia...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Nuseed-opens-innovation-center_56239.html October 28, 2013
AkzoNobel says it has opened a new €20-million ($27.5 million) decorative paints plant at Gwalior, India, which will have a production capacity of 55 million liters/year. The...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/AkzoNobel-opens-coatings-plant-in-India_56238.html October 24, 2013
Kanoria Chemicals & Industries (KCI; New Delhi) has signed a non-binding memorandum of understanding (MOU) with Momentive Specialty Chemicals to form a joint venture to produce and...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Momentive-and-Kanoria-link-in-phenolic-resins-formaldehyde-and-hexamine-JV_56144.html October 21, 2013
ONGC Petro Additions (Opal; Vadodara, India) expects to bring online its $4-billion petrochemical complex at Dahej, Gujarat State, India, in June or July next year, CW has learned...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Opal-petrochemical-complex-online-in-mid-2014-Aramco-IPIC-possible-partners_56051.html October 20, 2013
Reliance Industries (Mumbai) is planning to add more capacity at its huge refining and petrochemical complex at Jamnagar, India after the current wave of projects, dubbed Jamnagar 3...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Reliance-Industries-mulls-Jamnagar-4-outlines-petchem-projects_56052.html October 18, 2013
PolyOne says it is expanding its operations in India with a new facility at Pune that will manufacture specialty materials—including solid masterbatches, liquid colorants, and...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/PolyOne-to-build-specialty-materials-facility-in-India_56014.html October 18, 2013
BASF India (Mumbai) has opened its previously announced new precious metal-based fine chemical catalysts production plant and product development laboratory at the company's site...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/BASF-opens-fine-chemical-catalysts-plant-in-India_56020.html October 17, 2013
Australian prime minister Tony Abbott is moving ahead with plans to repeal the country's unpopular carbon tax, which was introduced in July 2012 by the previous Labor government...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Australian-PM-moves-to-repeal-carbon-tax_55987.html October 16, 2013
Dow Corning says it has recently opened a new India distribution center (IDC), at Panvel. The IDC is a storage facility located at the CCI Logistics Park and can be scaled up to cater...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Dow-Corning-opens-distribution-center-in-India_55958.html October 14, 2013
Reliance Industries says net profits for its fiscal second quarter, ended 30 September, increased 1.5% compared with the same period of the previous year, to about 54.9 billion Indian...http://www.chemweek.com/regions/india_pakistan/Reliance-reports-rise-in-quarterly-profits_55917.html |
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11 results for "todd archer"
Dez Bryant currently a bargain for Cowboys
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas - Not that Dez Bryant's new representatives at Roc Nation and CAA need any help in their negotiations for a new deal for the Dallas Cowboys wide receiver, but ESPN Stats & Information has come up with a compelling argument that the ...
Blog | November 19, 2014 -
Stats-eye view of Cowboys-Seahawks
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas -- A stats-eye view of Sunday's meeting between the Dallas Cowboys and Seattle Seahawks thanks to the fine folks with ESPN Stats & Information: A winning start: With a win -- surprising as that may seem to many -- against the Sea...
Blog | October 09, 2014 -
For Cowboys, 1964 draft tough to top
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas -- Roger Staubach found out he was drafted by the Dallas Cowboys in the 10th round of the 1964 NFL draft by reading the Washington Post. "I was in my room at the Naval Academy," Staubach said. "No one called me. They had this little ...
Blog | May 01, 2014 -
In Will McClay, Cowboys will be covered
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas -- There is a Herm Edwards story that keeps coming back to Will McClay, especially now. The story is from more than 10 years ago, when Edwards was coach of the New York Jets. As a boy, Edwards' father made him sweep the back patio of...
Blog | April 15, 2014 -
Counting Cowboys' draft picks
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas -- As you get ready for another week of NFL playoffs, just remember the NFL draft is just a short five months away. Actually a little less than that now. The draft will be May 8-10. The Cowboys have eight picks in the draft and...
Blog | January 11, 2014 -
Arena rivalry hits NFC East
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas -- In swapping Mike Shanahan for Jay Gruden, the Washington Redskins have swapped a coach with two Super Bowl wins for a coach with two ArenaBowl championships and four as a player. So there is that. Gruden's addition also means t...
Blog | January 09, 2014 -
Cowboys' loss by the numbers
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas - The Dallas Cowboys' 51-48 loss to the Denver Broncos was highly entertaining and highly frustrating, and there are plenty of statistical nuggets to pull from the game. Thanks to the folks at Elias here are a few: 0-5: Tony Romo ...
Blog | October 07, 2013 -
Sources: Cowboys shuffle scouting staff
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas - The Cowboys are shuffling their scouting department and will promote Will McClay to assistant director of player personnel to work alongside Tom Ciskowski, who will be named the director of scouting, according to sources. McClay ha...
Blog | June 14, 2013 -
Cowboys ready for Ravens' no-huddle
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas - While Baltimore's offense won't be confused with those from the high-flying AFL days, the Raven's no-huddle look has helped the offense put up 26 points per game this season. In their three home games, Baltimore has averaged 32 poi...
Blog | October 13, 2012 -
Dallas Cowboys owner remembers Al Davis as mentor, competitor and...
Todd ArcherJerry Jones had true admiration and friendship for the late Al Davis.
Story | Conversation | October 08, 2011 -
Armstrong one that got away
Todd ArcherIRVING, Texas -- With the Cowboys signing former Arena Football League star Troy Bergeron to the practice squad on Wednesday, it got me to thinking about another indoor star that got away, Anthony Armstrong. Armstrong has 35 catches for 672 yards ...
Blog | December 15, 2010


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In Scotland the winters are long and the search for great music is intense. Find out what Pedram Valiani of Sectioned is (really) listening to after the jump.
Tag Archive: the tony danza tapdance extravaganza
It's been about a month since we peeked behind the curtains to see what the Heavy Blog staff is (really) listening to. We start our three-part update after the jump.
The viciously grooving tech deathcore sound of The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza is sorely missed around these parts, and guitarist Josh Travis' new band Glass Cloud just doesn't cut it. I've since given up on finding a replacement and moved on.
This week, I've re-discovered Canadian group Fall In Archaea. When I last left off with them, I was under the impression the group were another upstart in the djent/deathcore movement that, while flashy, were at risk of fading out once the trend passed. As it turns out, Fall In Archaea aren't a band content with sitting still and writing uninspired music. Their new single 'Armistice' picks up the Danza legacy and kicks it up in just about every notch, including a melodic climax fit for Architects' masterpiece Hollow Crown. Check it out below:
Call Of The Void – Dragged Down A Dead End Path
[Relapse Records]
As fascinating and as forward-thinking the metal world is a lot of the time, sometimes it's hard to beat a combination of infectious energy and rough cut riffs. Call Of The Void embody that statement shamelessly and their debut record Dragged Down A Dead End Path finds the band refining and honing those ideals with some impressive results. The basic gist of their sound takes the head-moving underlying groove of Trap Them and stirs in a lethal dose of the grinding car-crash that is Gaza. Through the entire duration of Dragged Down… you're subjected to a selection of headstrong riffs, that are more concerned with blunt force than any real finesse or subtlety, d-beats and gruff vocals in two distinct ways; tracks like 'Napalm Lungs' and 'The Liar's Heart' take the direct grind route and, on the other hand, 'Endless Ritual Abuse' and the brilliantly titled 'I Hope You Two Fuck' place the focus on mid-tempo stomps. It's a familiar approach and not one would displace any disbelievers in the style any time soon, but it's not one that you could ever fake and the sheer amount of honesty on display here is infectious. Call Of The Void are callous, loud and, although it sounds like an antonym, sagacious, let's hope they don't change any time soon. – DL
Despite the graceful bowing out in their swan song Danza IIII, the spirit of The Tony Danza Tapdance Extravaganza still lives on in the whacky guitar antics of guitarist and songwriter Joshua Travis' new band Glass Cloud, which also features former Of Mice and Men frontman Jerry Roush. Without even taking into account the smart but catchy tunes, their live show is a must-see what with Josh's charismatic stage presence and Jerry's penchant for commanding a crowd. While on tour supporting Silverstein, resident photographer Chris Collins captured Glass Cloud's set, which you can view below.
All That Remains – A War You Cannot Win
[Razor & Tie]
Oh how the mighty have fallen. All That Remains still holds a special place in many of our hearts, as This Darkened Heart and The Fall of Ideals remain among some of the greatest material to ever come out of the New Wave Of American Heavy Metal/metalcore scene. Those days are unfortunately long gone, and things don't look promising. The band stumbled through Overcome and For We Are Many, but the band's latest pitfall A War You Cannot Win sees the band making yet another grab for radio-friendly rock hits that are formulaic and absolutely boring, falling even further away from the sound that first put them on the map. Gone are the powerfully heavy yet uplifting anthems of 'Six' and 'The Weak Willed.' Instead, we're left with boring uninspired songwriting that we've heard done better in previous albums at best and hamfisted paint-by-numbers mediocrity bordering on butt-rock territory at worst. One thing you can still count on All That Remains for is ripping guitar solos, and fortunately lead guitarist Oli Herbert hasn't stopped contributing harmonic leads and shred, but it's usually not worth sitting through the songs to get to them. Pass on this, and stick with the pre-Overcome discography and wonder where it all went. - JR
Hello! This is Kyle Bishop, singer, songwriter, and piano player of the shitty band, Numbers. For some reason, HBIH thinks my opinion matters, and asked what I've been listening to this crazy year of 2012. So, without wasting anymore of your time, here are a few!
Some of you may be aware of who I am. AlucardXIX on youtube, amongst other websites. The guy who does all the Veil of Maya covers, the mind behind Encircle, and another writer on this here great ol' blog. 2012 was both an interesting and disappointing year to me, musically. Some absolutely astounding albums came out this year, and some serious let downs as well (The Faceless, The Contortionist). Originally it was hard for me to pick a top ten; I thought about all the albums I've heard that I abandoned after a few listens, albums I loved at first listen and then wondered how I even thought that to begin with. I thought I could barely muster together 10 albums to begin with, but remembering back to the beginning of the year, I managed this humble fifteen: