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Publications (4)10.78 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: Enamel hypoplasias are useful indicators of systemic growth disturbances during childhood, and are routinely used to investigate patterns of morbidity and mortality in past populations. This study examined the pattern of linear enamel hypoplasias in two different burial populations from 18th and 19th Century church crypts in London. Linear enamel hypoplasias on the permanent dentitions of individuals from the crypt of Christ Church, Spitalfields, were compared to enamel defects on the teeth of individuals from St. Bride's. The method used involves the identification of enamel defects at a microscopic level, and systemic perturbations are detected by matching hypoplasias among different tooth classes within each individual. The pattern of linear enamel hypoplasias was contrasted between individuals from the burial sites of Spitalfields and St. Bride's, between males and females, and between those aged less than 20 years of age and those aged over 20 years at death. Six different parameters were examined: frequency of linear enamel hypoplasias, interval between defects, duration of hypoplasias, age at first occurrence of hypoplasia, age at last occurrence of hypoplasia, and the percentage of enamel formation time taken up by growth disturbances. All individuals in the study displayed linear enamel hypoplasias, with up to 33% of total visible enamel formation time affected by growth disruptions. Multiple regression analysis indicated a number of significant differences in the pattern of enamel hypoplasias. Individuals from Spitalfields had shorter intervals between defects and greater percentages of enamel formation time affected by growth disturbances than did individuals from St. Bride's. Females had greater numbers of linear enamel hypoplasias, shorter intervals between defects, and greater percentages of enamel formation time affected by growth disturbances than males. There were also differences in the pattern of enamel hypoplasias and age at death in this study. Individuals who died younger in life had an earlier age at first occurrence of enamel hypoplasia than those who survived to an older age. The pattern of enamel hypoplasias detected in this study was influenced by tooth crown geometry and tooth wear such that most defects were found in the midcrown and cervical regions of the teeth, and greater numbers of defects were identified on the anterior teeth. Differences in sensitivity of the parameters used for the detection of enamel hypoplasias were found in this study. The percentage of visible enamel formation time affected by growth disturbances was the parameter that identified the greatest number of significant differences among the subgroups examined.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 12/2005; 128(3):547-59. · 2.51 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Developmental disturbances that affect the secretion of enamel matrix can cause defective enamel structure. Linear hypoplasia is one type of enamel defect and manifests itself as a furrow that runs around the circumference of the tooth. Such defects range in size from the microscopic to those that are several millimetres wide. Enamel defects have been widely used by anthropologists for the investigation of growth disruptions in past populations, as they provide a permanent record of disturbances during much of a child's developmental period. This is a detailed case study of enamel growth disruptions in a 15-year-old female from the 18th and 19th century crypt of Christ Church, Spitalfields. The method used relates linear enamel hypoplasia to the incremental structures in the enamel surface, the perikymata, in order to investigate the timing of growth disturbances. Linear enamel hypoplasia was defined here as a greater than expected spacing between neighbouring pairs of perikymata. In addition, this study used recently published histological data on the precise timing of tooth development to establish chronologies for growth disruptions. Defects were matched in at least two teeth with overlapping developmental schedules to ensure that systemic disturbances, as opposed to localised traumas, were identified. Thirteen enamel defects were matched between five different teeth from the same individual from Spitalfields. Most linear enamel hypoplasias were evident on the anterior dentition. Using an 8-day average perikymata periodicity, the age at first defect in this individual was calculated as 1.5 years and the last growth disruption occurred when she was 4.6 years of age. The distribution of the defects was examined to identify any seasonal pattern in the occurrence of the growth disturbances.Archives of Oral Biology 02/2002; 47(1):29-39. · 1.88 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Taphonomic processes have the potential to affect microscopic wear on teeth and to modify the wear patterns so as to confound dietary reconstructions based on dental microwear which was formed during the lifetime of an animal. This study describes a series of experiments which were conducted to simulate various taphonomic agents and to record their effect on dental microwear. Three types of experiment were carried out in order to explain anomalous microscopic wear that had been found on the dentition of several hominoid specimens from the 15 M.a. site of Pasalar in Turkey. The effect of two different acids-citric and hydrochloric acid-on dental microwear was investigated. Modification to microscopic wear caused by alkali (carbonatite ash) was examined in the second set of experiments. Lastly, the effect of abrasion by three different size classes of sediment from the site of Pasalar-quartz pebbles (grain size varied from 2,000-11,000 microm), coarse sand (grain size ranged from 500-1,000 microm), and medium-sized sand (grain diameters were between 250 and 500 microm)-was investigated. Results confirm previous findings that the taphonomic modification of dental microwear is readily identifiable and causes the obliteration rather than secondary alteration of microwear features. The experiments show that both citric and hydrochloric acid affect dental microwear but to varying degrees, whereas alkali did not cause any modification of microscopic features. The different size classes of sediment also had different effects on the dental microwear. The largest size sediment (quartz pebbles) polished the enamel and removed finer microwear features. The coarse sand, however, did not have any effect on the microwear. The greatest amount of abrasion was caused by the smallest sediment particles -the medium-sized sand. Several hominoid dental specimens from Pasalar display similar microscopic wear to the two types of acid erosion and the abrasion caused by the medium-sized sands.American Journal of Physical Anthropology 04/1999; 108(3):359-73. · 2.51 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The examination of microscopic dental wear allows inferences to be made about diet in extinct species. This study reconstructs the diet of Griphopithecus alpani, a 15 Ma fossil hominoid from the Miocene site of Paşalar in north-western Turkey, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the microscopic wear on its molar teeth. The microwear patterns of Griphopithecus are compared with those of three extant hominoid taxa-Gorilla gorilla gorilla, Pan troglodytes verus, and Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus. The microwear on three occlusal wear surfaces is examined in this study, and sex and age differences are also included. Analysis of variance is performed on the following microwear variables-feature density, pit density, striation density, the ratio of pits relative to striations, pit widths, and striation widths. Griphopithecus has significantly higher microwear feature densities and higher percentages of pits than Gorilla. It also has larger pit frequencies and narrower striations than both Pan and Gorilla. There are no significant differences between the microwear patterns of Griphopithecus and Pongo. This suggests that the diet of Gripho-pithecus was more similar to that of Pongo, which consumes mainly fruit, and occasionally hard and unripe fruits and nuts, than to that of Pan and Gorilla. In addition, the high percentage of pits displayed by Griphopithecus may indicate that it was ingesting harder fruits and/or objects than the extant hominoids, although this is not a significant difference. There also are consistent variations in the microwear present on the three different wear facets examined in the study-Phase II facets display more microwear and pitting than the Phase I surface examined. The results of this study do not indicate variation in dental microwear according to sex or age.Journal of Human Evolution 02/1999; 36(1):3-31. · 3.87 Impact Factor
Publication Stats
171 | Citations | |
10.78 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
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FRMO Corp. Announces May 2013 Transactions And Date Of Annual Meeting Of Shareholders
FRMO – Horizon Kinetics Share Exchange
On April 16, 2013, the Company announced an agreement with Horizon Kinetics LLC to exchange certain privately held units of Horizon Kinetics for common shares of FRMO based upon pre-determined prices of each. The exchange period expired on May 31, 2013 resulting in FRMO owning 4.95% of Horizon Kinetics and the individual Horizon Kinetics' unit sellers receiving 2,387,715 shares of FRMO common stock. Immediately prior to the exchange, FRMO held a 0.86% interest in Horizon Kinetics.
August Release of FRMO's Year-End Audited Financial Statement
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In this game, I played the move 25.Bxh7. The board shows my move, the move list shows my move, but my time is still running down. The submit move button is lit up, but I can't click on that or the cancel button.
I've fixed this for you. It's my understanding that this can happen if one of the opponents is running an outdated version of the app on a mobile device.
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ok ill give that a go.
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Pastor Mark Abel
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Ashland, OH 44805
(419) 289-1763
Worship Services: 9:00 a.m. and 10:30 a.m.
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6:30-6:45 p.m. Prayer
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6:45-7:45 p.m.
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Up-Reach Prayer led by Paul Miller (seeking God and praying together)
Childcare is provided from 6:30-8:00 p.m.
Read our Southview newsletter!
Click on the picture of the newsletter on the left to view it.
The Brethren commitment to following Biblical truth began in 1708 near Schwarzenau, Germany, when a small group of Christians committed themselves to following Jesus and the Word of God, no matter what the cost. Since 1939, the Fellowship of Grace Brethren Churches has perpetuated that passion, believing that every word in the Bible comes from God and gives us direction and hope. Through the Scriptures, we learn to have a personal relationship with God, to experience Biblical community, and to work together to communicate the good news of Jesus Christ world-wide.
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I should as soon expect a farmer to prosper in business who contented himself with sowing his fields and never looking at them till harvest, as expect a believer to attain much holiness who was not diligent about his Bible reading, his prayers, and the use of his Sundays. J. C. Ryle


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US 5109714 A Abstract A method and apparatus for dynamic measurement of rates of absorption from solutions. The method has the advantage of avoiding the use of solvent normally used to establish a baseline. The method involves pre-evacuating the adsorbent contained in an adsorbent cell and thereafter rapidly contacting the adsorbent with analytical solution, all without prior exposure of adsorbent to pure solvent. The result is a sharp characteristic adsorption line.
Claims(7) 1. A method for dynamic measurement of rates of adsorption on solids from analytical solutions comprising:
(a) placing a solid adsorbent in an enclosed cell; (b) pre-evacuating the solid adsorbent to remove contaminating fluids; (c) rapidly contacting the adsorbent in the cell with an analytical solution without prior exposure of adsorbent to pure solvent; and (d) detecting the amount of analytical solution adsorbed. 2. The method of claim 1 wherein the adsorbent cell can be selectively connected in the system to be included or excluded from the path of flow of analytical solution.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the means of selective connection is a multi-way switch valve.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the analytical solution is a gas.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the analytical solution is a liquid.
6. A fixed bed flow adsorption apparatus for dynamic measurement of adsorption rates comprising:
an adsorbent cell for holding an adsorbant sample; a delivery system for an analytical solution including means for defining the path of flow of an analytical solution to selectively vary the path from said system to said adsorbent cell and one or more detector; and a concentration detector in selective communication with said cell; and whereby adsorbent can be selectively directed to said adsorbent cell and said detector. 7. A cell for measurement of adsorption rates of analytical solutions, comprising:
a flexible polymeric plastic exterior transport tube having an inner end and an outer end; a flexible polymeric plastic interior tube having an inner end and an outer end and being matingly inserted into said exterior tube so that a sample chamber is defined by the interior ends of each of said interior and exterior tubes; a sample frit positioned in said sample chamber; and sample port fastening caps removably fastened to the outer ends of each of said exterior and interior transport tubes. Description This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. W-7405-ENG82 awarded by the Department of Energy. The Government has certain rights in the invention. This invention relates to techniques for measurement of adsorption at solid/liquid interfaces and in particular, a means and method for dynamic measurement of rates of adsorption. Conventionally, adsorption of solutes on solids is measured in static systems (test tubes, vials, etc.) followed by spectrophotometric determination of solute concentration in the supernatant liquid. This type of procedure is specifically suited to studies of adsorption equilibria, determination of adsorption isotherms, and subsequent calculation of specific surface areas. Determination of adsorption rates in static systems, although possible, is a tedious and time consuming task. Existing dynamic techniques for measurement of adsorption from solutions normally employ a fixed-bed of adsorbent sample contained in a column which is initially filled with solvent or a carrier liquid. An analytical solution is then passed through the column and the concentration of eluate is continuously measured, typically by a photometric detector. As used herein the term "analytical solution" refers to any fluid for which adsorption on the solid is to be measured. It includes gases and/or liquids. Typically, existing procedures involve the use of two liquid-phase delivery circuits, one circuit for pure carrier liquid and the other for the analytical solution. In such systems, carrier liquid is first passed through a cell containing solid sample and then through a concentration detector to obtain a carrier liquid baseline, i.e., the recorded output signal for no solute (dissolved substance) present at the detector. As soon as the baseline is established for the carrier liquid, the flow is switched from carrier liquid to analytical solution which now passes through the adsorbent bed. The recorded detector response is a breakthrough curve representing the solute concentration change as seen at the detector throughout the time of adsorption. The rate of adsorption as a function of time must be corrected by making allowance for the adsorption on the components of the empty sample column. The correction is a similar trace resulting from repeating the entire procedure with an empty column. In the conventional method, the analytical solution must displace the carrier liquid present in the column containing a sample of adsorbent in order to appear at the concentration detector. This displacement causes a change in concentration from zero (pure carrier liquid) to that of the analytical solution used. Consequently, as the carrier is being displaced by the analytical solution, adsorption occurs on sample particles from a liquid phase of gradually increasing solute concentration. The sharpness of this change in concentration will depend on how efficiently the carrier liquid is displaced. This effect will vary from one sample of adsorbent to another, subject to differing particle sizes, porosities of samples, void volume of the column, and other parameters affecting adsorptive and hydrodynamic characteristics of the sample bed, sample lines and other pathways from the sample to the detector. This displacement of carrier by analytical solution will occur differently in an empty sample column than in a column packed with solid particles, e.g., due to different internal volumes in each case. Resulting adsorption rate profiles will then bear some error attributable to this particular procedure. Another serious drawback of the conventional method is the necessity to frequently replace pure solvent by analytical solution and vice versa, in case of multiple measurements, e.g., when samples of different adsorbents must be measured consecutively. Heretofore, it has been thought necessary to employ a solvent or carrier for a variety of reasons. Amongst those are the need to remove all gases from the system and to establish a baseline before analytical solution is used. Thus, the state of the art now normally used in measuring adsorption rates includes as an essential step flushing of the system with solvent carrier and detection of background rates. However, the problems inherent in this procedure are several fold. Normally, it is time consuming. It also provides for a lack of sharp and distinctive adsorption lines for the analytical solution. This is so because there is a gradual change from background solvent carrier to analytical solution and the operator is never quite sure where one ends and the other begins. This lack of a distinct sharp break line makes interpretation of results more difficult, in addition to being time consuming. Nevertheless, as an analytical technique, adsorption characteristic measurements are useful in a variety of analytical applications including measurements of turbidity, light transmission, acidity, and the like. Some examples of practical applications for which they may be used include characterization of mineral and coal surfaces by adsorption of dyes, determination of surface areas, examining the accessibility of porous structures to dye molecules, and qualitative evaluation of active carbon, etc. Accordingly, it can be seen that there is a real and continuing need for improvements in analytical techniques involving measurement of adsorption profiles of solids. This invention has as a primary objective to provide a means and method for adequate contacting of adsorbent with analytical solution which avoids the need for use of carrier solvents and which allows for sharp, distinct adsorption profiles in dynamic systems. Another objective of the present invention is to provide a system which accomplishes the above referred to primary objective in an economical and efficient manner. A yet further objective of the present method and system is to develop a system that requires only one liquid phase delivery circuit. An even further objective of the present invention is to develop a system which has no need for carrier solvent and thus avoids the need for time consuming rinsing of the system with pure solvent before and between measurements. Another objective of the present invention is to provide an adsorbent system and/or cell which allow monitoring of adsorption rates as early as one second after start of the test. An even further objective is to develop a dynamic system which provides adsorption profiles which can be more easily interpreted. The method and manner of accomplishing each of the above objectives will be apparent from the detailed description of the invention which follows hereinafter. FIG. 1 shows a cell of the present invention used in a fixed bed adsorbent loop connected to a six-port valve in the on-line mode. FIG. 2 shows the same system of FIG. 1 in an off-line mode. FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of a typical cell for use in this invention. FIG. 4 shows a cross-section of a six-way port valve. FIG. 5 shows a view of a six-way valve along line 5--5 of FIG. 4. The invention relates to a method and system for dynamic measurement of rates of adsorption from analytical solutions. The system employs a fixed bed of adsorbent maintained in the static cell but connected to a six-port valve which allows it to be switched between the on and off-line modes. The method involves pre-evacuating fluids from adsorbent contained in a closed adsorption cell followed by rapidly contacting adsorbent in the cell with analytical solution, without prior exposure of adsorbent to carrier solvent. FIGS. 1 and 2 show an enclosed loop system which may be used for practice of this invention. The closed loop system referred to generally as 10 employs a six-way valve 12 which is commercially available from companies such as Valco Instruments Company of Houston, Tex. It goes without saying that other valves which accomplish the same purpose of having the ability to selectively control different flow channels through them may be used. An analytical solution such as, for example, methylene blue dye is contained in solution reservoir 14 and can be pumped via line 16 and pump 18 into the six-port valve 12. The system is shown in a pre-evacuation or off-line mode in FIG. 2. In this mode, analytical solution from reservoir 14 can be pumped via line 16 and pump 18 into six-port valve 12 wherein it is placed in communication with concentration detector 22 via line 20. Turning to the other side of the system, a vacuum pump 24 is in communication with six-port valve 12 and through the flow channels in that valve via lines 26, 28, 30, 32 and 34 with adsorbent sample cell 36. Thus, in the off-line mode the vacuum pump 24 can be turned on to evacuate adsorbent sample cell 36 of all contaminating fluids and pump 18 can be used to establish a detector base line for pure analytical solution. FIG. 1 shows the system on-line or in operational mode. After the adsorbent sample cell 36 has been pre-evacuated, analytical liquid, such as methylene blue solution is pumped via pump 18 into six-port valve 12 and via line 32 into adsorbent sample cell 36, it passes through the sample 36, through line 34, into line 20 and from there to concentration detector 22. Thus analytical solution directly contacts the sample 38 without first using any carrier solvent. As a result, detector 22 provides for sharp and distinct and readings, without any "dilution" of the readings by a solvent carrier system. The cell 36 is shown in detail in FIGS. 3. As illustrated, it represents a closed receptacle. Typically, a satisfactory cell can be made from inert polymeric plastic materials such as Teflon�. An inner tube 40 is inserted matingly into an exterior tube 42. Positioned in tube 42 is a fine frit or screen 44. The two tubes are moved towards each other such that there is a continuous communicating bore between the interiors of tube 40 and the tube 42. They define a sample chamber 46 which can be used to hold an adjustably sized sample 38. Caps 48 can be threaded onto the ports of six-way valve 12. In the ideal case, the solid sample 38 should be constantly contacted with the flowing analytical solution while the change of in solution concentration is monitored continuously and recorded. The change in the solute concentration due to adsorption should be kept sufficiently small compared to the starting concentration level, so it can be safely assumed that the adsorption occurs at approximately constant solute concentration. This can be accomplished by routine adjustment of the operational parameters such as the quantity of the solid contacted with analytical solution, particle mean diameter and particle size distribution, concentration of the analytical solution, flow rate, etc. While an adjustable six-port valve 12 is conventional, sectional views of the same are shown in FIG. 4 and 5. As seen in FIG. 5, a valve handle (not depicted) but connected to shaft 49 can be turned to move center plug 50 which is rotatably mounted in the six-port valve 12 to allow rotation of handle shaft 49 and plug 50 to provide selective communication with various parts 52, 54, 56, 58, 60 and 62. Thus, the pathways through six-port valve 12 are selectively adjustable. The cell 36 containing a fixed bed of solid adsorbent 38 constitutes a loop connected to six-port valve 12 which allows it to be switched between the on- and the off-line mode. The off-line mode (FIG. 2) is used for pre-evacuation of the cell containing the sample of adsorbent, while the analytical solution by-passes the cell flowing directly to the concentration detector 22. A baseline for the solute concentration of the analytical solution is then recorded. The dual purpose for the pre-evacuation step is to prevent air bubbles from appearing at the concentration detector and to accelerate filling the sample cell with the analytical solution. The system described here provides for fast contacting of adsorbent with analytical solution. It is accomplished by redirecting the flow of solution from the by-pass route (off-line mode, FIG. 2) to flow through the pre-evacuated sample cell (on-line mode, FIG. 1). According to the new method, as soon as pre-evacuation is completed, the six-port valve 12 is switched to the on-line mode (FIG. 1) and the analytical solution is allowed to enter the cell 36 while maintaining the initially set flow rate at the pump 18. The analytical solution 14, enters the cell 36 from both ends driven by the liquid delivery system on one end of the sample cell and driven by atmospheric pressure acting on the liquid in the detector line, downstream from the detector on the other end of the cell as shown in FIG. 1. This procedure causes no measurable fluctuation in detector output, provided the exit line from detector 22 is open to atmospheric pressure and filled with the solution. During the short time of cell filling the solution in the line downstream from the detector 22 retracts by slightly less than the void space in the pre-evacuated cell 36. Because the concentration of the solution in this line is constant, the detector response also remains constant despite the momentary backflow. In any case, the momentary backflow can be eliminated through the installation of a one-way valve downstream of the detector. After cell filling is completed the direction of the flow becomes uniform throughout the entire path of flow including the sample cell 36. Likewise, the flowrate becomes equal to the initially set value. It has been demonstrated in laboratory tests that filling the adsorbent cell 36 can be accomplished within 1 second after switching the six-port valve 12. The present method, by employing only the analytical solution as the liquid phase, eliminates the otherwise necessary step of displacement of solvent by the solution. The adverse effects associated with the use of pure solvent as a part of the method are thereby eliminated. At the same time, the new method significantly shortens the measurement cycle. Thus, the invention provides an improvement in the dynamic measurement procedure for monitoring rates of adsorption at solid/liquid interfaces. The following are advantages which are direct results of the present invention: 1. The design of the adsorption apparatus is simple, i.e., it requires only one liquid phase delivery circuit. 2. The solution concentration level provides the baseline, not the solvent, therefore, the need for time-consuming rinsing of the system with pure solvent between multiple measurements is eliminated. 3. Fast filling of the adsorbent cell 36 with analytical solution allows for monitoring adsorption rates as early as 1 second after the start of the test. 4. The adsorption rate profiles are more easily interpreted. The baseline is straight and horizontal, instead of an s-shaped breakthrough-type curve. More importantly, the results are adsorption rate profiles for constant solute concentrations. These cannot be attained using conventional systems for dynamic measurement of adsorption from solutions. The following example serves to illustrate but not limit the process of the present invention. Non-buffered 64.0 mg./l aqueous solutions of methylene blue was prepared by drying the dye under nitrogen at 110� C. for 2 hours and dissolving in de-ionized distilled water. A bulk sample of coal with a narrow range of particle size was obtained by dry-sieving Illinois No. 6 coal to obtain 330 μm to 425 μm coal particles. Test samples were then prepared by wet-sieving to remove undersize material from the particle surfaces. Samples of increasing mineral content were prepared by density separation of the wet-sieved particles using aqueous solutions of CsCl at several specific gravities between 1.30 and 1.80 g/cc. Mineral samples were ground using a mortar and pestle, and 330 μm to 425 μm particles were obtained by wet-sieving. Preliminary tests were performed to determine the applicability of the dynamic adsorption technique to fine particle sizes. Illinois No. 6 coal was pulverized and dry-sieved to obtain samples smaller than 150 μm and 44 μm. A continuous-flow apparatus as shown in FIG. 1 and 2 was used for dynamic measurements of adsorption from liquid phases on solids. In a typical experiment, a pre-weighed sample of coal 38 is placed in a sample cell 36 and fixed between two 0.5- μm stainless steel frits 44. The sample cell 36 is then connected to a six-port switch valve 12 and evacuated (FIG. 2 mode) to remove air. The valve 12 is set initially to direct the solution of dye to by-pass the cell containing the sample, causing it to flow directly through the ultraviolet/visible detector 22 (Varian UV-50) (FIG. 2). As soon as a baseline is established for the dye solution, the flowing solution is directed through the sample of coal (FIG. 1 mode) to the UV/Vis detector 22. The adsorbance measured for the effluent leaving the sample cell is due only to dye not adsorbed by the coal sample 38. The apparent absorbance is recorded at a fixed wavelength as a function of time using an A/D converter at a sampling rate of 2 sec-1. This dynamic method of adsorption measurement allowed for continuous replacement of the fluid phase in contact with the coal sample, which is not possible in a closed, static system. The rates of adsorption were continuously measured as a function of time, giving characteristic profiles of adsorption rate, while the total adsorbate uptakes were obtained by integration of the rate profiles over the time of adsorption. The detector 22 response to dye concentration was sharp and linear for the concentrations and wavelengths used in the experiments. The detector was operated in the visible range at 610 nm. Based on preliminary results, two flow rates of solutions were selected, 1 and 0.5 ml/minute, according to the sample size of the materials tested. Other flow rates could be selected, if desired. To evaluate the adsorptive components of coal and mineral surfaces, coal samples of uniform particle size and increasing mineral content were analyzed. Total mineral content was determined by standard ash analysis. Samples with very low ash content were used to approximate a non-mineral coal surface. To evaluate specific mineral adsorptive characteristics, mineral samples of uniform particle size and composition were analyzed. Ground coal samples of different mean particle size were analyzed to determine the effect of particle surface area. The methylene blue was preferentially adsorbed on the mineral surfaces and the curves were sharp, distinct and easily readable to correlate with mineral content. Patent Citations
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Open AccessThis article is
MDPI and ACS Style
- freely available
- re-usable
Molecules 2007, 12(7), 1399-1409; doi:10.3390/12071399
Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Assisted Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions
Received: 15 June 2007 / Revised: 8 July 2007 / Accepted: 9 July 2007 / Published: 11 July 2007
Download PDF [115 KB, uploaded 18 June 2014]
Abstract: The purpose of the study was to investigate microwave selective heatingphenomena and their impact on heterogeneous chemical reactions. We also present a toolwhich will help microwave chemists to answer to such questions as "My reaction yields90% after 7 days at reflux; is it possible to obtain the same yield after a few minutes undermicrowaves?" and to have an approximation of their reactions when conducted undermicrowaves with different heterogeneous procedures. This model predicting reactionkinetics and yields under microwave heating is based on the Arrhenius equation, inagreement with experimental data and procedures.
Microwaves; heterogeneous reactions; isomerisation; xylene.
This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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MDPI and ACS Style
Chemat-Djenni, Z.; Hamada, B.; Chemat, F. Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Assisted Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions. Molecules 2007, 12, 1399-1409.
AMA StyleChemat-Djenni Z, Hamada B, Chemat F. Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Assisted Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions. Molecules. 2007; 12(7):1399-1409.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChemat-Djenni, Zoubida; Hamada, Boudjema; Chemat, Farid. 2007. "Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Assisted Heterogeneous Catalytic Reactions." Molecules 12, no. 7: 1399-1409.
Published by MDPI AG, Basel, Switzerland
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US 7908180 B2 Abstract An online automobile auction, which allows the consumer to participate by using their home or portable computers and accessing the system via an Internet connection. Before the designated time for an auction, the consumer may access the database of available automobiles. Along with displaying visual depictions of the vehicles, the computer system affords the consumer the ability to access statistics on the current inventory of vehicles. Prior to the auction, using an automated auction feature, a plurality of bidders input their minimum starting bid, the maximum bid and the incrementing value. Bidders are also allowed to bid on vehicles during the auction process.
Claims(8) 1. An interactive vehicle auction and sale system comprising:
a plurality of computers;
a computer network enabling communication between said plurality of computers;
a plurality of user interface terminals in connection with said computer network, said terminals utilized to display an amount of auction and sales information and to input a series of auction bids;
a plurality of databases and corresponding database servers for storage of an amount of vehicle statistics;
an input computer in communication with said network to receive and to route said amount of auction and sales information to a plurality of database servers;
a web server in communication with said plurality of user interface terminals and said plurality of database servers, through said network, said web server utilized to control said vehicle auction and sale system, coordinate said series of auction bids and maintain communications between said plurality of user interface terminals and a plurality of servers;
an applications server in communication with said network and said user interface terminals; said applications server containing a system software program for operating said interactive vehicle auction and sale system;
a vehicle image and video server in communication with said network and said user interface terminals, containing a plurality of electronic vehicle images and a plurality of vehicle video media to be accessed by said user terminals;
a template server in communication with said network and said user interface terminals, containing plurality of templates to be accessed by said user interface terminals in conjunction with said system software program, an amount of data from said template server utilized as a plurality of interactive computer screens;
a plurality of mail servers in communication with said network, said plurality of mail servers utilized to receive an amount of auction and sales information from said users; said mail servers also utilized to respond to said users;
a plurality of protection mechanisms contained within said network to protect said database servers from unwanted access;
a bank system connection in communication with said network to enable verification of a credit line of a vehicle purchaser; and
an auction timer, wherein said auction timer controls an amount of time allotted for said interactive vehicle auction and a readout of said timer is displayed on said user interface terminals, wherein said auction timer is programmed for a predetermined amount of time such that when the auction process begins, the timer begins to decrease in time from the predetermined time, and wherein upon submission of a higher bid than the previous bid on record by an individual participating in the auction, the auction timer resets to the original predetermined amount of time.
2. The interactive vehicle auction and sale system of
3. The interactive vehicle auction and sale system of
4. The interactive vehicle auction and sale system of
5. The interactive vehicle auction and sale system of
6. The interactive vehicle auction and sale system of
7. The interactive vehicle auction and sale system of
8. The interactive vehicle auction and sale system of
Description This application claims the benefit in the form of a continuation-in-part under 37 C.F.R. 1.53(b)(1) of currently pending parent application, Ser. No. 09/649,876 filed Aug. 28, 2000 now abandoned, by the same inventor. This invention relates generally to vehicle auctions and specifically to vehicle auctions augmented by the use of computer systems and networks. More specifically, the invention relates to the auctioning of automobiles between people or business entities accessing the auction system via personal computers or network based terminals. Due to the success of auctions, some in the motor vehicle industry have attempted to bring the idea of the automobile auction into the realm of modem technology by utilizing the internet and personal computers to establish online auctioning systems. In order to shorten the auction process, prior art online auction systems set time limits on the actual auction. In these prior art auction processes, the time limits are established before the auction begins and the bidder is often hurried and thus may not receive the full advantage of the auction process. Also, in many prior art auction systems, vehicles are posted for a two, three or even a four week time period. This extended posting and bidding process forces the bidder to check back with the auction site day after day to find out whether they have been outbid. What is needed is a system that will allow the user a reasonable amount of time to decide on whether or not to bid and yet control the overall length of time for which an auction may exist. Another attribute needed in the online auction system hinges around allowing users or especially automobile dealers to actively place their vehicles into the auction process. The present invention allows a person with access to a computer to participate in an active automobile auction. The system employs internet connections, along with servers and databases, in order to allow the user the choice of either participating directly in the auction, as it occurs, or submitting a maximum and a starting bid preceding the auction and allowing the system to notify the user of the results. In comparison with the prior art systems, the present invention realizes innovations in the auction process such as establishing an auction timer, which is designed to reset once a bid higher in value than the highest bid on record is placed. This timer thus regulates the overall amount of time an auction will last, while allowing a user a reasonable amount of time to best a prior bid. Using the auction schedule feature, in combination with the timer system, a user can place bids prior to the auction and also become involved in the active auction process. Thus by utilizing the present invention, a busy professional user may also attend the auction at a designated time and bid quickly. This leaves the user the flexibility and the time to bid on other vehicles being auctioned simultaneously. Another innovation of the present invention simulates the actual process of choosing a vehicle from an automobile sales lot by establishing the �Walk the Line� function. In addition to those innovations, the present invention allows users to enter their vehicle into the sales or auctioning realm through an interactive menu called �Selling Your Vehicle.� Finally, the present invention also allows the user the chance to see and hear the vehicle perform upon engine start up. As described above, In order to actively purchase or bid upon a vehicle, the user must have access to the Database Server 8. This server, like all servers in the system, acquires scrutiny from unwanted access through a plurality of protection mechanisms called Firewalls. Database Server 8 is protected by a Firewall 7 and access in to the Database Server 8 cannot be gained without providing certain information, prompted for when a user attempts to register as a user for the first time. In much the same manner, the Sell Your Vehicle Mail Server 13, and the Input Computer 10 are protected by Firewall 12 and Firewall 11 respectively. These firewalls prevent the user from damaging or unrightfully accessing the information retained on these servers. The Sell Your Vehicle Mail Server 13 allows registered, as well as unregistered users, to input information regarding a vehicle they would like to put up for sale or auction. The vehicle information is then routed to the Input Computer 10 to be applied to the Database Server 8 to be utilized for future sales and auctions. The Database Server Firewall 7 also protects the Input Computer 10 and the Bank System 9 from unauthorized access. The Bank System 9 allows the user to make payment on-line with a credit card or bank card. Once attached to the Web Server 3, a registered user can access the full complement of screens and sell, purchase, or partake in an active auctioning process upon a vehicle. Once a user selects a vehicle to purchase or presents the winning bid in an auction, the user receives an e-mail from the Mail Server 14. The user will then be informed that his purchase has been approved through the Bank System 9. The Welcome button 15 relays the user to the Welcome page, ( Selecting the Sales List button 17 leads the user to the first of the Sales List screens ( Depressing the Search and Bid button 18 will lead the user to a screen which walks the user through a series of steps ( The next available button, the Walk the Line button 19, leads the user to the Walk the Line screen, which gives the user a side by side visual display of the cars available at each auction ( By accessing the Auction Schedule button 21 the user is led to a series of calendar based screens, each of which displays a certain month and the auctions occurring on each specific day of that month ( The final button listed among the eight main options is the Auction Watch button 22, which relays the user to the Auction Watch screen ( Along the side of the main menu screen are positioned three more buttons, (23-25). The Register As A Bidder button 23, once accessed, leads to a Bidder Registration form ( Located directly below the Register As A Bidder button 23 is the Auto Salvage News button 24. Accessing this portion of the system brings the user to a regularly updated newsletter which reports on the happenings within the Auto Salvage system. Located directly below this button is the Chat Room button 25. This button leads the user into an environment where free discussion regarding the site, the vehicles, and other such topics may occur. Moving to the very top of the main menu, the user may access the Member Log On button 26. This button allows registered users to access their account and begin bidding quickly by leading the user through a series of short menus ( Occupying a major portion of the Main Menu screen ( Located in the lower left hand corner of the main menu screen ( As stated above, the Sell Your Vehicle button 16 on the Main Menu ( The user is next guided to Step 2, Vehicle Information 39. In this step, boxes are provided for the user to enter specific information regarding the vehicle he wishes to put into the sale or auction process. After filling in the vehicle information, the user is led to Step 3, Submit Your Request 40. From here, the user need only press the SUBMIT button 41, and the vehicle is entered into the process. The submission triggers a response that will inform the user of the submission and output the message �Your request has been submitted. A representative will call you shortly to schedule an appointment.� Selecting the Sales List button 17 from the Main Menu ( The Second Sales List screen ( Several sets of vehicles available at different time increments may be viewed from the Second Sales List screen ( When the user chooses an individual picture from the photograph gallery 45, the picture becomes enlarged and gives the user a clearer visual of the vehicle. The boxes contained in the photograph gallery 45 contain electronic images of the vehicle, showcasing the vehicle engine, a panoramic view of the vehicle exterior, the vehicle interior, and a fifteen second video image and audio of the engine upon starting the vehicle. The Purchase Vehicle button 47 is located below the information box. Selecting this button leads the user to the Fourth Sales List screen, ( The Fourth Sales List screen displays the vehicle price 48 and allows the user to confirm the purchase 49. The Third and Fourth Sales List screens also serve the Search and Bid function 18 and the Walk the Line function 19. Thus, this screen becomes the default screen for all bidding evolutions. The First Search and Bid screen, arrived at by pressing the Search and Bid button 18 on the Main Menu ( In the uppermost section of this screen, STEP 2 53 will be displayed. STEP 2 53 prompts the user to choose a model of vehicle and provides an alphabetically arranged scrolling vehicle list 54 and the make box which reflects the make already chosen in STEP 1 50. Next on the screen is STEP 3 55, which prompts the user to choose a starting and ending date year for the desired vehicle from the scrolling year BEGIN box 56 and END box 57 respectively. Once this selection is complete, the user moves on to STEP 4 58 which asks for the user's zip code in the ZIP CODE box 59. The system uses this information to calculate the distance from the user to the available vehicle or lot of vehicles. Once the user has completed the steps on this screen, the user can depress the GO button 60, which routes to user to the Third Search and Bid screen ( The Third Search and Bid screen ( In the lower most portion of the Third Search and Bid screen ( Once the user selects a lot number from the search results screen, the user will be routed to the Detailed Information/Photographs page. Depending on whether the vehicle is listed under a fixed price, (�P�) or Auction, (�A�), the category, a purchase vehicle ( In If the user chooses, he may still actively participate in the auction using the Confirm Bid screen ( Directly below the Walk the Line box 76 is the first display date and time box 77. This box informs the user of the date and time when the corresponding vehicles in this display will go on auction. Below this box are vehicle display boxes 78 for the individual vehicles to be auctioned at the corresponding date and time above. Each box includes the year, make and model of the vehicle along with a digital photograph of the vehicle. Once the total vehicles for a certain date and time have been displayed, the next date and time of vehicle auction is listed along with the corresponding vehicle display boxes. This function gives the user the feel of browsing a vehicle auction, while allowing the user to decide upon which vehicles he may bid. The user can access a large number of vehicles in this manner as all the auctions for an arbitrary period of time may be listed on ensuing pages and the user may access these pages using the scrolling mechanism 79 on the right hand side of the page. The Auction Schedule screen is shown in In the midsection of the Auction Schedule screen is the calendar 84 for the month listed above. The calendar is divided into day blocks 85, on each day block, the states 86 holding auctions on that day are listed. The First Auction Watch screen is shown in The uppermost part of the screen displays a vehicle information box 94, which contains the lot number, year, make, and model of the vehicle to be auctioned, along with the retail value, auction date and time, and location of the vehicle. Directly below the vehicle information box is located a Start Time box 95 and Timer box 96. The Start Time box 95 allows a user to recognize at what time the auction actually starts, in case there is a fluctuation from the scheduled start time. The Timer box 96 notifies the user of the amount of time left for bidding before the existing highest bid is named a winner. Located to the right of the Start Time box 95 and Timer box 96 is the Top Ten bids list 97. This table is illustrated in The auction timer controls the amount of time allotted for said auction process. A readout of the timer is displayed on said user interface terminals. The auction timer automatically resets upon entry of a bid higher than the previous highest bid. The auction timer can be set for any time interval. The timer may be used for a four-minute time interval, but the preferred usage encompasses a two-minute time interval, starting at two minutes and counting down to zero. Upon expiration of said auction timer, the highest value entered in the auction process wins the auction and the system user corresponding to this bid value is notified by way of an e-mail transmission. The Bidder Registration Form is shown in The final box, located in the lowermost portion of the form is the Business Certification Box 101. When completed, this box serves to explain to the user, the terms of purchasing vehicles through this system. Once completed this box, along with the rest of the form, creates a contract between Auto Salvage and the user. The Member Log On button 26 is located on the upper right hand corner of the MAIN MENU screen ( The Simultaneous Bidding screen ( The Your Selling History Button 106 leads the user to the Your Selling History screen ( When the user depresses the YOUR BUYING HISTORY button 107 on the Member Log On screen ( When the user depresses the Auction History Sales List button 108 on the Member Log On screen ( As another option from the Second Sales List ( Patent Citations
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Constitutional confusion? It's all black and white
PUBLISHED: 27 Jan 2012 00:02:03 | UPDATED: 27 Jan 2012 05:20:14PUBLISHED: 27 Jan 2012 PRINT EDITION: 27 Jan 2012"Order, order, can we all please settle down," said the co-chair, squirming in his seat. "The Expert Panel has an important job to do here today. The hand of history lies delicately upon our shoulders, I think you'll all agree …"
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Do NOT make plans now it closed down just recently and most likely will not open again. It was a good restraunt, but not a good selection.
Do NOT make plans now it closed down just recently and most likely will not open again. It was a good restraunt, but not a good selection.
Do NOT make plans now it closed down just recently and most likely will not open again. It was a good restraunt, but not a good selection.
Wow wow wow. Went to Cuvee in the middle of the week, around 2 oclock for a late lunch. Our server was polite, knew a lot about their adult beverages and vegetarian meal options. The atmosphere was divine! We were the only people on the patio, and recieved great service, even though the inside part of the restaurante was packed!!... More
We asked to sit outside and were the only ones on the patio. While the service was a little more laid back, our bartender was very attentive to our needs and even helped us with some local information and news. Drinks were reasonably priced and food was yummy. Overall great.
My fellow chef and I ate at Cuvee last week. I had a marvelous mushroom cake and my friend had a very good filet. It is a pleasant atmosphere with a very comfortable patio. Give it a try!
During an overnight in Basalt with family, we had made reservations at Cuvee based on web notes and their web page. We expected quality wine choices with fun food pairings, as advertised. We were disappointed at the result. Food was below average for a place attempting to be of higher quality. It was not bad, just was not good. The... More
We spent a weekend in Aspen in the summer and the high-priced, pretentious restaurants in Aspen proper were driving us crazy, but some friends took us 20 minutes down the road to "downtown" Basalt where we had a lovely, relaxed dinner at this charming bistro. We sat outside on a warm summer night but the interior seating looked nice. I... More
We celebrated our anniversary here, but we'd definitely go back anytime just to enjoy their menu. The appetizer of "crispy calamari" was excellent, and our main dishes of beef tenderloin (2 sizes available, which is nice) and fresh halibut were superb. We were so pleased that we sprang for dessert, which was creme brulee made with Colorado honey. Yum! It's... More
Cycled down form Aspen and stopped (again) at this great little spot. Situated on main route for cyclists so easy to park the bike and settle down for fluid and light food before the cycle back up the valley. Good outdoor seating and friendly service. Lots of glasses of water and lemonade dealt with the thirst and a good menu... More
Just in to Basalt for the night, we chose Cuvee for the extensive wine list, and ended up finding very good menu offerings as well. We split the tenderloin and halibut entrees - both cooked appropriately with delicious sides. The wine pairings were also good, although the first glass of Justin cabernet tasted like it had spent too long in... More
If you've visited Cuvee before, try them again. They have finally changed their menu and now have more vegetarian and pescatarian "real meal" selections (if I can ever stop ordering their wonderful queso fundido). Also - dinner items are also available for lunch. Their wines are terrific (although the pours tend to be light). Service can sometimes be problematic. Cuvee... More
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text: Reduced $20k!! Home on corner lot w/ .67 acres. Meticulous landscaping on mature lot. 3 BR & 2 full baths. 3 fin.levels of over 2,000 sq. ft. Beautiful hardwood floor under carpet. Fp w/ stone hearth. Covered front porch & carport w/ stamped concrete. Retractable awning over patio. Shed in backyard amongst grand pine trees. NEW HVAC system & heat pump. NO CITY TAXES OR HOA! "AS IS" due to estate.


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Outdoor Activities for Ages 3-5
Outdoor Activities for Ages 3-5
by Stacey Zable
If the weather is not cooperating and you can't go outside, set up camp indoors with a cozy reading fort.
by Stacey Zable
Whether it's the sun or the moon that's shining brightly in the sky, the outdoors encourages all sorts of new places to kick back as a family and enjoy reading.
by Deb Levine
Last October, all 500 kids at my children's school were served a salad of veggies grown just on the other side of
by Kate Brophy
Create a sanctuary to explore and nurture the natural world — no matter where you live.
by Jeff Alt
Hiking is a great way to burn off energy on the weekends. Try these simple games while you walk to keep their brains busy, too.
by Ellen Church
Finders keepers: Everything your child needs for art and science projects is at his fingertips.


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When you put it that way……he seems almost attractive.
Bacon looks fried.
"Mmmmman…. Sean Penn's banging Scarlett Johannsen?? Why in HELL did I bed down with Kyra fucking Sedgwick?!"
Harry Potter in 60 years
Jeff Conaway looks okay to me.
Bernie Madoff must have stolen his iron too.
Kevin Bacon better hope January Jones baby doesn't look like a pig, or else the jig is up!
FOR THE WIN!!!! And all the wine.
The older this guy gets the more he looks like bacon.
well, it appears that he's walked at least a thousand miles by this point.
this is what going to the moon does to you
"I went from Footloose to Kneestiff."
Clay Aiken: The Post-Idol Days
It just got 6 degrees hotter. in my panties.


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Two surrender in murder caseMADURAI: Two people, including the main accused who surrendered before a court here on Tuesday in connection with the murder of one B Muniyandi, have been remanded in judicial custody. Oosi Velu alias Velmurugan, 41, son of Nataraj and his ... Times of India, 1 month ago |
Residents of this hilly village yearn for busesMADURAI: Christinia Dhanashri walks at least 5km daily to reach a school at a village called Meenakshipuram on Sirumalai hills, where she is working as a teacher. She starts from home at Vadipatti here at 5.30am to catch a bus to Ooradi via ... Times of India, 1 month ago


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Hardware news tagged 7nm
Thursday, August 29, 2013
DARPA Expert Believes Moore's Law to Remain Viable Till 2020 - 2022.
[10:50 pm]
7nm or 5nm Process Technologies Could Mean the End of Moore's Law
Friday, June 28, 2013
Intel's New Chief Exec Serious About Foundry Business: Could Even Build ARM-Based Chips.
[10:44 pm]
Brian Krzanich Seeks Strategic Customers for Intel Custom Foundry Division
Friday, April 19, 2013
ASML On Track to Deliver 450mm Production Equipment in 2015.
[1:51 pm]
ASML Sees Start of 450mm Production in 2018
Friday, March 8, 2013
Intel Seeks Additional Professionals for Custom Foundry Division.
[4:46 pm]
Intel Confirms: Contract Manufacturing Business Needs New Employees
Thursday, March 7, 2013
Apple and Intel Have Discussed Foundry Deal – Media Report.
[10:40 pm]
New Chief Executive of Intel May Be More Active Regarding Foundry Business
Wednesday, March 6, 2013
Financial Analyst: EUV May Be Late Again and See Limited Usage.
[10:27 pm]
ASML May Further Suffer From EUV Lithography Delays
Monday, February 11, 2013
GlobalFoundries: 10nm Process on Track for 2015, 7nm Fabrication Technology Due in 2017.
[1:03 pm]
GlobalFoundries Discloses Long-Term Roadmap


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Hey Proxy!
Wondering what I should do, and I thought I'd ask a girl that knows her way around the bedroom. I've gotten my girl to orgasm alot, idk if she's just easy to get to orgasm, or if I'm legitamately good at sex stuff. I want something to make her last longer, but have like, a really long orgasm. Just looking for techniques and ways to go about teasing her before I get into her pants.
I'm 17 years old, in senior year, been dating my girlfriend for a year and a half, and, I want to spice up sex without making it weird. Do you have any tips for me?
Some stats: I've got a 7″ penis, I'm 6'2″, she's 5'3″ and has 36 C's Any interesting positions would be nice! Pics of me and GF attatched.
Thanks! Nova
Read Proxy's response after the jump.
Dear Nova,
I love your question. Its always nice to find a guy that likes to please his lady. Thank you also for the pictures. From what I see she is very small next to you, and the first thing that comes to my mind is you fucking her against a wall. She is so small you could lift her with ease I am sure.
One thing I learned from my roommate, he says what he does that impresses all girls in the bedroom is he makes her cum once with his mouth then does 5 differnt positions with out ever pulling out of her. Bit of a difficult task I am sure.
Here is his order. First he starts on top, turns her so she is on top, then turns her so she rides him reverse cowgirl, next he takes her from behind, into spooning..
I was impressed personally. Also on a personal note, when I have sex with girls I love to make it fun and slow. Orgasms are so good after you have let them build. Get them to the edge and keep them there. So one thing to help give her longer orgasms is to have a lot of forplay. Light bites and kisses all over the body is always a nice thing to feel. Run your hands up and down the her sides and put energy behind the touches. Be passionate, make her feel sexy. Dont jump straight into it. Lick her stomach from the hip to the middle of her chest. Bite and suck on her nipples. Thats what I would do
Loves XO,
Send "Ask A Pornstar" letters / replies to firstname.lastname@example.com.


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GeForce GTX 680 3-way SLI review -
Point of View GeForce GTX 680 3-way SLI
Last week we checked out the GeForce GTX 680 reference review and 2-way SLI. In this article we'll up it one notch higher, 3-way SLI.
We'll be looking at 3-way SLI from a single monitor point of view, so ideally 1920x1200 or 2560x1440/1600 is the monitor you have to be able to compare to what 3-way SLI would do for you on your setup.
We have seen great performance increases with 2-way SLI, but on a single monitor will 3-way SLI scale just as well? -- we don't think so. So that's what we'll be looking for as an answer in today's article.
Next to that, over the past year or two we have been using a Nehalem architecture Core i7 960X processor at 3.8 GHz for our test platform. Though that is perfectly fine for 2-way SLI, with 3-way SLI you are bound to run into some CPU slowdowns here and there in some titles. So we'll also be comparing that setup with the new Core i7 3960X Sandy Bridge-E processor to finally see how much difference that hexacore processor makes. To spice things up we don't want the default clock frequency to be a limiting factor either, so that setup will be overclocked to 4600 MHz to put a little jelly on top of it all.
So today we'll put that to the test with NVIDIA's new GeForce GTX 680, we place a reference GTX 680 graphics card alongside two GeForce GTX 680 cards from Point of View, all reference clocked.
Over the next few pages we'll tell you a bit about multi-GPU gaming, the challenges, the requirements and of course there'll be a nice tasty benchmark session. We'll have a peek at temperatures and power consumption of the GeForce GTX 680 cards in 3x SLI mode to monitor its generated performance and look at its handicaps.
Have a peek at the products being slammed and spanked today, and then let's start up this article.
In this review we check out the Palit GeForce GTX 960 Super JetStream. This product is in the top 3 of best GTX 960 cards as it is performing the fastest, it is the most silent one, and it has just go...
ASUS GeForce GTX 980 Matrix Platinum review
We review the ASUS ROG GeForce GTX 980 Matrix Platinum. This product has been designed for the true aficionados that sub-zero cool the product in order to shatter a benchmark or two. For the more reg...
Gigabyte GeForce GTX 960 WindForce 2X OC review
In this review we check out the Gigabyte GeForce GTX 960 WindForce 2X. This product is slightly cheaper opposed to the G1 gaming version, it remains among the most silent of all the cards we tested. T...
MSI GeForce GTX 960 Gaming OC review
We review the MSI GeForce GTX Gaming OC, the card comes with a newly revised TwiNFrozr model cooler. And that makes it silent and deadly as you will not hear this product. The GTX 960 is introduced in th...


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Scott Ostler
Warriors' Curry makes golf look far too easy
July 21, 2013 Updated: July 21, 2013 10:16pm
Photo: Jeff Bayer, Associated Press
Remember when Magic Johnson inducted Stephen Curry into that imaginary, elite club of hoopsters? It was during the first round of the NBA playoffs nearly three months ago, after Curry, on one good ankle and almost benched at halftime, lit up the Denver Nuggets for 31 points.
To continue reading this story, you will need to be a digital subscriber to SFChronicle.com.


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Sharp - Lindsay
Megan Sharp and Ryan Lindsay announce their engagement.
Parents are Barrett and Mary Sharp, Audubon; and Duane and Lorraine Lindsay, Detroit Lakes.
Megan Graduated in 2007 from Lake Park High School and is attending Moorhead State University - Moorhead.
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You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com and we can help you.


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A regional conference of the Samastha Kerala Jamiyyathul Ulama, an organisation of eminent Muslim scholars, held here on Wednesday exhorted the faithful to be cautious against forces attempting to destroy religious values.
The conference, representing Islamic scholars from Kozhikode, Malappuram, Kannur, Kasaragod and Dakshina Kannada districts, was inaugurated by Indian Union Muslim League State president Panakkad Syed Hyderali Shihab Thangal.
Ulama president Kalambadi Muhammad Musliyar presided over the inaugural session. Its general secretary, Cherussry Zainudheen Musliyar, and secretary Kottumala T.M. Bappu Musliyar spoke.
On pension scheme
In another resolution, the conference asked the State government to amend the proposed pension scheme for madrasa teachers. The scheme, based on accruing funds through interest, was 'haraam' (forbidden) in Islam, it said.
The State government and the Centre should take steps to bring legislations for banning drugs, lotteries, and money-chain systems like it had done in the case of lethal pesticides, including endosulfan.
The conference asked the Centre and the State governments to implement the recommendations of the Rajinder Sachar Committee report to solve the problems faced by the Muslim community in various sectors.


text: UNIVERSITY OF SALFORD FACULTY OF HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE SCHOOL OF HEALTH, SPORT AND REHABILITATION SCIENCES School Council/Board Wednesday 19 May 2010 at 1pm Room MS1.36 Present: Peter Bowden Directorate of Prosthetics & Orthotics and Podiatry Staff: Gillian Crofts Postgraduate Co-Ordinator Kay Hack Chair, Associate Head Teaching Helen Parker ILS Sue Norton Directorate of Radiography David Southwell Faculty of Health and Social Care Students: Helen Bazley Occupational Therapy Steve Cox Prosthetics & Orthotics Suzanne McCollum Physiotherapy Annabel Minns Prosthetics & Orthotics Helen Weavers Sports Rehabilitation Victoria Podiatry Apologies: Alison Barlow Director Prosthetics & Orthotics and Podiatry Staff: Sue Braid Head of School Lynn Geelan School Administrator Kimberley Neal Students' Union Julie Nightingale Director of Radiography Leslie Robinson School Widening Participation and Retention Officer Students: Anna Beevers Occupational Therapy Hayley Campbell Podiatry Helen Carrington Physiotherapy Jaclyn Coleman Sports Injury Rehabilitation Peter Durkin Prosthetics & Orthotics Susan Fenton Radiography Katie Grain Occupational Therapy Kelly McFie Occupational Therapy Miriam Mulholland Prosthetics & Orthotics Johanna Tattersall Occupational Therapy Nicolas Young Occupational Therapy 10/01 Minutes from 25 November 2009 Received The Minutes from 25 November 2009 were received as a true record. 10/02 Matters Arising from 25 November 2009 09/14 Health Professions Council – Visits Noted The Occupational Therapy HPC visit took place on 4/5 February 2010 and the programme has been re-approved subject to some conditions and recommendations. C:\Docstoc\Working\pdf\5722a433-1dd5-4b91-980d-e2e1c6db893c.doc Page 1 of 4 The HPC have asked for the following conditions to be completed: 1) Update admissions documentation 2) Update documentation to refer to HPC standards of conduct, performance, ethics and consent 3) Practice Based Placement issues including: - evidence of systems for monitoring placements (including assessment and non traditional and overseas placements) - How E&D policy is implements in placements - Skills and knowledge of clinical educators 4) Further details on requirements for External Examiners There was one recommendation that the new teaching room currently being renovated be ready by 31 August 2010. 09/15 Student Representative Discussion Board for 19 May Meeting Noted This had been created in both the undergraduate and postgraduate School Blackboard sites and information had been uploaded with regard to this meeting but unfortunately no students had used the discussion board. This BB site would continue to be used for future meetings and students would be encouraged to participate on the E meeting site. 10/03 Teaching Learning and Enhancement Report Noted The Annual Programme Monitoring and Enhancement Reports and the External Examiner reports are required to be completed by July so they will be received at the next meeting. From the School's Learning Teaching and Enhancement and National Student Survey plan the main focus this academic year has been around retention and progression and Leslie Robinson the School's Retention and Progression Officer has worked with Programme Leaders to get a feel for why students stay and leave programmes. The programme teams are working to address some of the issues raised which can vary in each programme from entrance requirements to young males leaving. A Collaborative Learning Day was held in March for all level 4 students and next year these days will also be carried out for level 4, 5 and 6 full and part time students. Programme teams have been looking how students can become involved in hands on research and as a result the School has introduced summer research studentships. Work is currently in progress to introduce guidelines by September on expectations for both staff and students about communication. Plans for 2010/2011 Next academic year programme teams will be looking to review assessments, informal and formal feedback of assessments and assessment strategy within their programmes. E Submission will be introduced across the School with all students receiving online feedback. C:\Docstoc\Working\pdf\5722a433-1dd5-4b91-980d-e2e1c6db893c.doc Page 2 of 4 Programme teams will be looking at raising awareness with regard to employability skills. The nature of health programmes and the use of portfolios mean that these students have a lot of employability skills e.g. communication, IT, team working, etc. Postgraduate Developments The following developments are also ongoing: The programme team for MSc Nuclear Medicine Imaging want to develop more blended learning for a European wide programme. Mammography A possible p/g Prosthetics & Orthotics module A level 4/5 Dental Hygienist/Therapy programme Sport – Paul Wilson is looking at developing modules to integrate sports people back into education or business once they have retired professional from their sport Noted This has been another busy year with regard to programme approval and amendment. The following programmes have gone through the Periodic Programme Review process: MSc Advanced Practice (Nuclear Medicine) which from September 2010 will be called MSc Nuclear Medicine Imaging MSc Gastroenterology (work for this is still in progress) BSc (Hons) Applied Sports Science There has been various programme amendments and a part time route for BSc (Hons) Exercise, Physical Activity and Health has also been approved. MSc Surgical Practice is currently going through the Fast Track process for commencement in September 2010. MSc Strength and Conditioning, MSc Sports Injury Rehabilitation and MSc Psycho- Oncology all recruited their first cohorts this academic year. MSc Advancing Physiotherapy is currently recruiting its first cohort to commence in September. The following programmes will be going through Periodic Programme Review in 2010/11: Foundation degree Sports Development Foundation degree Exercise Physical Activity and Health MSc Geriatric Medicine 10/04 Research Report Noted The School is reviewing postgraduate taught programmes in terms of their research profile and wants to amalgamate research across taught and research programmes. The School's aim is to give all students research experience that is equitable across all areas. Action Any undergraduate students with an interest in getting involved in research should contact the Directors. C:\Docstoc\Working\pdf\5722a433-1dd5-4b91-980d-e2e1c6db893c.doc Page 3 of 4 10/05 Withdrawal of programme – Foundation degree Sport Development Noted The Foundation degree Sport Development taught at Hopwood and St Helens colleges has been formally withdrawn. The last cohort of students will complete the programme in June 2011 no students will be recruited onto the programme in September 2010. Sport Development (Top Up) – This programme will be withdrawn no students will be recruited onto the programme in September 2012 and the last cohort will complete the programme in June 2012. A new foundation degree in Exercise, Health and Fitness with The Manchester College is currently going through the approval and partnership and collaboration committee processes, and it is hoped to commence this in September 2010. This programme already runs at St Helen's College. 10/06 Date of Next Meeting Noted To be confirmed in the next academic year. 10/07 School Board Noted No items for discussion C:\Docstoc\Working\pdf\5722a433-1dd5-4b91-980d-e2e1c6db893c.doc Page 4 of 4


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Prince William Kate Middleton at Singapore Dinner Pictures
Prince William and Kate Middleton Wrap Up Day 1 at an Official Dinner
Prince William and Kate Middleton wrapped up the first day of their Asia Pacific tour at a special dinner. They joined the President of Singapore, Tony Tan, and his wife, Mary Tan, for a gala at their official residence, the Istana. Prince William and Kate made the rounds meeting with various dignitaries. William treated himself to a glass of red wine after a long day of shaking hands, though Kate, interestingly, toasted Mary with a glass of water.
Kate wore the Prabal Gurung dress she'd donned earlier in the day for a welcome ceremony. Kate actually wore Jenny Packham to officially launch the tour at Singapore's Botanic Gardens this morning. Tomorrow's another busy one for the couple. They'll venture to the Gardens by the Bay to climb an artificial mountain, see a Rolls-Royce aircraft engine factory, and visit a school for kids with special needs.
- Ingrid Michaelson has called it quits with her husband — Us Weekly
- Kelly Clarkson makes surprising American Idol admission — HuffPost Celebrity
- Look what Gwyneth Paltrow Instagrammed last night — Lainey Gossip
- Scarlett Johansson comments on that John Travolta encounter — Dlisted
- What is Shia LaBeouf doing with his look? — JustJared
- Kim Kardashian reveals another interesting outfit — Hollywood Tuna
- Here's how Britney Spears spent her night — Pink Is the New Blog
- Someone else shared a picture of Chelsea Handler's boobs — The Superficial
- Have you heard Kylie Minogue's new single? — popbytes


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Quick weekend recap: Friday: 14 miles (yup, PDR and no cramps!) Saturday: 4 cross-trainer miles, 45 mins. NTC & weights Sunday: trip around the world, courtesy of Ikea Croydon Good morning all! Due to popular demand, and as promised, here's the first of (hopefully many) recipe posts. But first, don't forget to check out and enter the Yoga Studio app giveaway ! In the past, I've tended to lack creativity in the kitchen and would happily munch away on the same breakfast and lunch five days a week and only have about four or five good dinner recipes up my sleeve. Enter: the year 2013. The goal for this year is to cook at least one new recipe per week and for the moment, I'm killing that resolution. One thing I try to be really good about is upping my protein content. As a runner and general semi-fit and health-consciously deluded person, I'm aware that I need my fair share of protein in my diet for recovery, strength and whatever other benefits it has. However, I often struggle to find it, especially at lunchtime. I'm not a humongous fan of processed lunch-meat and cold cuts and don't want to have chicken for lunch AND dinner. I like my eggs, but generally prefer them at lunchtime over breakfast (I'm weird like that), so when I came across these super-easy crust-less mini quiches (on another blog and then, as ever, suggested by my lil' sis), I thought: pefect. Eggs, protein, foolproof recipe, sounds just up my alley. They are super easy to make, have plenty of protein in them thanks to the eggs and you can stuff them full of veg, making them even healthier. What you need: a cupcake/muffin tin with enough silicone baking cases (my tray below is a 12-cup tin so that's what I'm basing my ingredients/cooking time on) Ingredients:
Let me know how you like them if you give 'em a go! |
Write a comment:


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App Description
iPad Edition of the popular iPhone EditionUsed by millions of Vegans, Vegetarians, Cooks, Gardeners, Diets, and Health Nuts to track, monitor and expand their nutritional values.
iHeart Fruits and Veggies is the easiest way to track your daily nutritional intake and find natural cures to common health issues.
* Track your nutritional intake
* Find Fruit and Vegetable (natural cures) for common problems like: diabetes, weight gain, and ed
* Hit 100% each day for the perfect nutrition
* Grocery store guide to the fruit and vegetables you should be eating organic
Other information includes how to juice, mix, cook, enjoy and grow your favorite fruits and veggies.
App Changes
December 27, 2014 Price Decrease: $1.99 -> $0.99
November 30, -0001 Initial Release


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About this item
The Precise V5 Stick Rolling Ball Pen Airplane-safe, concentric ring ink delivery system remains unaffected by standard air pressure and altitude variations. Rubber grip with traction pockets provides easy gripping and long-lasting comfort for your writing hand.
Pilot Precise V5 Stick Rolling Ball Pen:
- Stick roller ball pen
- Features needle tip and textured rubber grip
- Needle point technology
- Airplane-safe, concentric ring ink feed system
- Waterproof and fade-resistant marking
- Pocket clip
- Extra fine tip
Shipping Weight (in pounds): | 0.025 |
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The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) held a joint workshop in Brussels with the European Commission to kick off European Shipping Week, the association announced today.
Colombian authorities detained a vessel operated by China's largest shipping group for illegally transporting thousands of cannon shells, about 100 tonnes of gunpowder
Merger positions combined company to play a dominant role in recapitalization of North Pacific fishing fleet and emerging Arctic oil gas operations. Kvichak
The Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyer USS Jason Dunham (DDG 109) entered U.S. 6th Fleet's area of operations in support of U.S. national security interests in Europe March 3, 2015.
VesselVanguard announced today a new partnership with Hatteras Yachts to provide a five-year subscription for its award-winning maintenance management solution
With its black hull rumbling against a field of broken ice, the Warren Jr. slowly eased away from a dock in the Boston suburb of Hingham on Tuesday, aiming to clear