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Naftali, Timothy J.Overview
Publication Timeline
Most widely held works by
Timothy J Naftali
One hell of a gamble : Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy, 1958-1964
by A. A Fursenko
31 editions published between 1997 and 2006 in English and Russian and held by 1,995 WorldCat member libraries worldwide A look at newly opened Russian archives reveals just how close we got to nuclear Armageddon during the Cuban Missile Crisis
George H.W. Bush
by Timothy J Naftali
8 editions published between 2007 and 2013 in English and held by 1,380 WorldCat member libraries worldwide George Bush was a throwback to a different era. A patrician figure not known for eloquence, Bush dismissed ideology as "the vision thing." Yet, as biographer Naftali argues, no one was better prepared for the challenges facing the United States as the Cold War ended. Bush wisely encouraged the liberalization of the Soviet system and skillfully orchestrated the reunification of Germany. Following Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990, he united the global community to defeat Saddam Hussein. At home, Bush reasserted fiscal discipline after the excesses of the Reagan years. Ultimately, his political awkwardness cost Bush a second term: his toughest decisions widened fractures in the Republican Party, and Bush lost his bid for reelection in 1992. In a final irony, the conservatives who scorned him would return to power eight years later, under his son and namesake, with the result that the elder George Bush would see his reputation soar.--From publisher description
Blind spot : the secret history of American counterterrorism
by Timothy J Naftali
12 editions published between 2005 and 2006 in English and held by 1,171 WorldCat member libraries worldwide National security historian Naftali relates the full backstory of America's attempts to fight terrorism. On September 11, 2001, a long history of failures, missteps, and blind spots in our intelligence services came to a head, with tragic results. At the end of World War II, the OSS had established a system for countering the threats of Nazi terrorists. But those capabilities were soon forgotten, and it wasn't until 1968, when Palestinian groups began a series of airplane hijackings, that the U.S. began to take counterterrorism seriously. Naftali narrates the game of "catch-up" that various administrations and the CIA played, and.shows why holes in U.S. homeland security discovered by Vice President Bush in 1986 were still a problem when his son became President, and why George W. Bush did little to fix them until it was too late. He concludes that liberal democracies like the U.S. are incapable of effectively stopping terrorism.--From publisher description
Khrushchev's cold war : the inside story of an American adversary
by A. A Fursenko
11 editions published between 2006 and 2007 in English and held by 1,051 WorldCat member libraries worldwide "Nikita Khrushchev has long remained one of the most enigmatic leaders of the twentieth century; his motivation and decision-making process have puzzled seasoned Kremlin watchers, U.S. presidents, and a generation of historians. In Khrushchev's Cold War, a sequel to their international history of the Cuban missile crisis, Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali use new archival sources to provide a detailed and dramatic look through Soviet eyes at the most dangerous years of the Cold War. Drawing from their unrivaled access to Politburo and Soviet intelligence materials, they render a detailed account of Khrushchev's rise to power in 1955, his years at the helm of the Soviet Union, and his eventual ouster in 1964."--BOOK JACKET
John F. Kennedy : the great crises
9 editions published in 2001 in English and held by 461 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Harry S. Truman the 33rd president
by Robert Dallek
1 edition published in 2008 in English and held by 128 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Robert Dallek chronicles the presidency of one of the nation's most respected and accomplished leaders. Harry Truman led the country into the nuclear age and paved the road for civil rights in America
U.S.-Canadian softwood lumber : trade dispute negotiations
by Charles F Doran
9 editions published between 1987 and 1988 in English and held by 81 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
The presidential recordings, Lyndon B. Johnson
by Miller Center of Publics Affairs (Charlottesville)
2 editions published in 2007 in English and held by 57 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Voices from the brink
in English and held by 55 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Summarizes the events of the Cuban Missile Crisis as they unfolded in the Kennedy White House, and the intense pressure U.S. President John F. Kennedy was under to order a pre-emptive strike. Using declassified audiotape excerpts, archival footage, detailed research, and recent interviews with former U.S. Defense Secretary Robert McNamara, Sergei Khrushchev (son of the former Soviet premier), and Timothy Naftali, academic and co-author of a book on the crisis, illustrates how closely the world came to nuclear war in 1962
George H.W. Bush the 41st President
by Timothy J Naftali
1 edition published in 2007 in English and held by 37 WorldCat member libraries worldwide A portrait of America's forty-first president looks at the distinguished political career of a statesman known for his foreign policy, fiscal discipline, successful orchestration of the reunification of Germany, and leadership during the first Gulf War
Lyndon B. Johnson : Mississippi Burning and the Passage of the Civil Rights Act: June 1, 1964-July 4, 1964
1 edition published in 2011 in English and held by 31 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Presents transcripts of Johnson's telephone conversations throughout his time as president, as he dealt with such issues as the Vietnam War and the Civil Rights Movement, with explanations of the issues and people referred to
Bezumnyĭ risk : sekretnai︠a︡ istorii︠a︡ istorii︠a︡ Kubinskogo raketnogo krizisa 1962 g
by A. V Fursenko
2 editions published in 2006 in Russian and held by 9 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
George H. W. Bush
by Timothy J Naftali
3 editions published between 2007 and 2014 in English and held by 8 WorldCat member libraries worldwide George Bush was a throwback to a different era. A patrician figure not known for his eloquence, Bush readily dismissed ideology as 'the vision thing.' Yet, as Timothy Naftali argues, there was no person of his generation better prepared for the challenges facing the United States as the Cold War ended
July 30 - August 1962
3 editions published in 2001 in English and held by 6 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
X-2 and the apprenticeship of American counterespionage, 1942-1944
by Timothy J Naftali
3 editions published in 1993 in English and held by 5 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
U.S. intelligence and the Nazis
by Richard Breitman
2 editions published in 2005 in English and held by 4 WorldCat member libraries worldwide Based on the recent and unprecedented declassification of thousands of US intelligence files
The Kennedy assassination and the transfer of power, November 1963 - January 1964
in English and held by 2 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
Tajna wojna Chruszczowa
by A. A Fursenko
1 edition published in 2007 in Polish and held by 2 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
John F. Kennedy
1 edition published in 2001 in English and held by 2 WorldCat member libraries worldwide
The presidential recordings: John F. Kennedy
1 edition published in 2001 in English and held by 2 WorldCat member libraries worldwide more
Audience Level
Related Identities
Associated Subjects
Aryanization Assassination Ball, George W Bush, George, Canada Castro, Fidel, Civil defense Cold War (1945-1989) Collaborationists Commerce Computer software Crisis management Cuba Cuban Missile Crisis (1962) Diplomatic relations Espionage, American Export sales contracts--Taxation Germany Great Britain History Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Intelligence service International relations Kennedy, John F.--(John Fitzgerald), Kennedy, Robert F., Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, Lumber trade Military intelligence Political science Presidents Secret service Softwood industry--Government policy Softwood--Taxation Soviet Union Tariff on softwood Taylor, Maxwell D.--(Maxwell Davenport), Terrorism--Government policy Terrorism--Prevention Truman, Harry S., United States United States.--Central Intelligence Agency Virginia--Langley World politics World War (1939-1945)
Alternative Names
Naftali, Timothy.
Naftali, Timothy J.
Naftali, Timothy James
Naftali, Timoti.
Нафтали, Тимоти


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I am a 21 year old college student at USM. I have a wonderful
boyfriend that I've been dating for a little over a year now, so
sorry, guys, I'm only here to take quizzes! I love to read, write,
dance, watch TV, and be with my friends and family.
I am intelligent, funny, and compassionate
I am intelligent, funny, and compassionate

subset: commoncrawl


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Interface between FSX and Client
This project was successfully completed by phucworks for $25 USD in 3 days.
Get free quotes for a project like thisProject Budget
$10-$30 USDCompleted In
3 daysTotal Bids
2Project Description
Interface program between Flight Simulator X and TCP Socket:
. it will be a c# Form Application project.(i need source codes)
. Program will use simconnect function of the FSX.(MS samples are provided in the zip file)
. It will connect to FSX automatically (if FSX is not running, it will try 2-3 times in a minute) and will show the status of connection on the form/window.
. Program will connect to Client Program via TCP Socket automatically when FSX connection established and will show the status of client connection on the form.
. Socket listen and send functions will add as a class to the project.
. Program will subscribe to group of FSX and will receive events from FSX. (You can add 3 example events)
. Received events will be stored to a log-file.
. Received events will send to an ip and port via TCP Socket.(to client program)
. Send events will be stored to a separate log-file.
. Program will be listening to TCP every-time and when it received a command from client, it will send it to FSX.
. transfered data format will be like this between interface and client programs.
means Command
means Value
means End of Message
Client Program:
. This program will be C++ TCP Socket Console project.(i need source codes)
. it will receive the message from interface program and will show on console.
. Program will sleep 3 sec after received a message from interface program and the it will send an message (predetermined event)
. After message sending it will show the send message on the console
. program will store all received and send data to log-file.
Thanks in advance.
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Jeff Pendergraph Highlights
Check out highlights of Pacers forward Jeff Pendergraph from thus far in the 2012-2013 season.


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The CIO Council released the Federal Identity, Credential, and Access Management Roadmap and Implementation Guidance in November 2009 to help guide federal agencies' investments in identity programs.
In the 220-page document, the council lists performance goals for agency systems. Here are some of those goals.
About the Author
John Zyskowski is a senior editor of Federal Computer Week. Follow him on Twitter: @ZyskowskiWriter.
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Meet 100 women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
Click here for the full list
President Obama's proposal to boost government coordination with the private sector got a warm welcome in the House Homeland Security Committee.
The spy agency wants to better integrate cybersecurity into its traditional human intelligence operations.
Meet the women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
The law's certification and approval provisions empower CIOs to end outdated software development projects, says Agilex's Roger Baker.
The new chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee extends an olive branch to the minority, but keeps subpoena power for himself.
FCW investigated efforts by the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to improve a joint data repository on military and veteran suicides. Something as impersonal and mundane as incomplete datasets could be exacerbating a national tragedy.
Despite delays, the program is at a critical point for determining the ultimate impact of cloud technology in the government space.
In an interview with FCW, the Department of Veterans Affairs' chief technology officer talks about overhauling the digital experience for VA customers.
The National Information Exchange Model's usefulness extends far beyond its origins in justice and law enforcement.


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LinkBack | Thread Tools |
12-21-2012, 09:10 AM | #21 (permalink) |
BoxerForums Addict
Join Date: Apr 2011
Location: Central Texas
Posts: 2,441
Thank you!!! I love my boxer girls & color doesn't matter. What I love is the fact that you don't see many reverse seal brindles but what gets annoying with that is hearing people try to guess what kind of dog you have or if she is really a full blooded boxer. I've had people say she's a lab, repeatedly ask if she's full blooded & ask what is she mixed with. Then you get the people who refer to her as "a rare black boxer". After correcting so many I get tired of it & just say..yep, you got it. LOL
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12-21-2012, 12:32 PM | #22 (permalink) | |
Experienced User
Join Date: Sep 2012
Location: Texas
Posts: 260
I used to get that with my Show Cockers. Most people have never seen a properly bread American Cocker Spaniel, only the ugly, ill-tempered BYB ones. Anytime we went anywhere with them in full show-coat people were like, 'What kind of dog is THAT?!!?" and when I'd tell them, they'd look at me like I was crazy. LOL I used to try to explain the difference between my cockers & the cockers they were used to seeing but eventually just gave up. LOL Now we get that with "Jolly" (our foster) because he doesn't really look like a boxer (he looks more like a brown Rottie LOL) but at least they have a reason to ask, now. Hee-Hee
Jill, Home of Epic Cocker Spaniels (& a boxer ) |
12-21-2012, 01:10 PM | #23 (permalink) | |
BoxerForums Addict
Join Date: Feb 2011
Location: Long Island
Posts: 2,672
Yes..beautiful! When I took Winnie to the specialists we saw a boxer that looked pitch black! I asked if he were a reverse seal. They told me, no, black. This dog was definately all boxer. I just assume that they didn't know but I had never seen a reverse seal up close. Do they really look that solid black?
Molly, Mom to Porter and Fiona |
12-21-2012, 01:57 PM | #24 (permalink) |
BoxerForums Addict
Join Date: Apr 2011
Location: Central Texas
Posts: 2,441
Murphy does look all black unless you catch her in the right light. In the right light you can catch a reddish fawn color. Only two times have I seen the brindle markings on her. Both times was when she was in the car.
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people don't believe that tauzoonumba2 isn't my alt ;_;
You're all weeaboo trash that faps to 2d characters and listen to mlp theme songs
@nurusthesquid and icegaara, thanks for following me! Now... If you don't like your comments page filled with essay-level rants and observations and analyses, RUN MOTHERFUCKERS RUN
Things I can't wrap my head around: Why the hell did bloatarder's new meme posting just now identify as 2 new feed posts??
@Dekurunner, yes, yes, and yes. I'll follow suit.
Let's play Telephone a la Memecenter! I will PM one of you people who are active, with a phrase. I want you to tell that phrase to someone else- But don't copy paste or look at the phrase I've written for more than a second as soon as you read it, and quickly, express that phrase to the next person! All who are in favor of playing, say "I", immediately, so I can put a roster of all the people who are playing, and so everyone knows who to PM who. Each person must then come to the feed and say you received a PM, and we'll see what the final version of the message is.:)
F*ck. The game is cancelled. My stupid sister is playing TF2 and wants me to use Flight mode. The game can't work that way, then.:/
Seriously, I wish my sibs just played indie Flash games like I used to when I was their age. The one downside to PC gaming is conflict over internet connection since too many people just HAVE to play with people from all over the world, ALL the time. No one can just play, explore, and wait to get back to the rest of the gaming community anymore, like I would've if I was a single child and had a Nintendo Gamecube and my folks had let me get a game more than once a year and I'd actually have to ASK for permission to use the computer for two hours to read Faqs for fun (that I actually did in spite of owning nothing but Animal Crossing Kirby Airride, and Mario Party). I mean, why the need to be socially involved, ALL THE TIME? What happened to the thoughtful, hardy gamer who finished or finally won a game in a month, instead of doing things that were dependent on relying on an internet connection and other people to enjoy, hmm?
And if I got stuck in a game, I sucked it up and searched for a walkthrough, and only read for the basic parts, but otherwise focused the most and anticipated the story elements and emotion of the game! I know my opinion doesn't count because I'm a "filthy casual" who as you just noticed plays noticeably "girly, unchallenging" party games but f*ck that. I'm not in tune to the current times of gaming because
1. It's too damned expensive.
2. It requires too much commitment, as demonstrated by my sibs. Everytime I turn off flight mode for a second too long someone screams at me. It's like they got married and I just insulted their b*tch/douche spouse or something.
3. I hate the "playful" toxicity that passes for gaming culture by the majority of players on these games. My siblings are using words I wouldn't even thought about at their age, literally, because I was just that clean-minded. I took a nap today and woke up from hearing them use "slut", "bitch" and "fag". How fucking lovely. I didn't even use the "f" word like that until I turned 20! I'm the eldest daughter of my home and I should be monitoring my own language, not reacting like a mom to my sibs.
4. It just gives me a better reason to drift from both my sibs and games in general, and seek solace in Memecenter. Which I have to keep refreshing after peeking at the computer screen, quickly before they keep on with their match and I piss them off which leads to them bullying- Yes bullying- me saying that I don't know fuck-all about technology these days.
noreenniceice is Female, has silver short hair, purple eyes, is 1.88m tall and is helpful. I'm a little shorter than that, but I'm okay with this.
noreenniceice is 20% perverted.
noreenniceice is a homeless Monster who loves bears!
...When... I was the one who showed them the joy of a computer generated game world.... When they actually saw me as their up-to-date, knowledgeable big sister, who would spend an hour every night answering their questions on school and life. And I just wanted sleep. And now, I sleep alone.
Compare and contrast your opinion on JPT to people who say "Not all men!" whenever people want to bring up rape, sexual harassment, and societal gender differences and standards. Granted, JPT is just saying that we ALL know that what happened is bad- Artists should be using their freedom of expression, yes, but not let that mean doing nothing but make images of a Frenchie being killed and then having his murderer vanquished by a giant pencil of freedom- AKA the freedom of speech we alrl obviously support, because otherwise no one would be on a site as diverse as MC! We get it, it was a tragedy, you're concerned about your freedom. No one of course feels otherwise. He's just offering a minor gripe, not saying he thinks artists should shut the f*ck up or something offensive. Believe it or not, life doesn't stop when tragedy occurs, and it shouldn't, because that's just what the terrorists want to happen. He's no more disrespectful than someone who feels itchy during a funeral.
@justpassingthrough, shut the fuck up, I'm in a bad mood and I just spent a paragraph in your defense.
@icegaara, if they have what you presume and believe to be a perfect life, and they actually say something like killing themselves (no one would mope and say something so explicit like that), that means something is discomforting to them (not the "uh, I got milk on my shirt after pouring cereal" type gripes) or that they have things to work out with the help of a professional therapist or psychologist. I would know because I've been there because I was being abused for my failing grades at a Private University that damned well extorted more money out of me than any college education should ever be priced at.


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'Why we serve' challenge to 20s - 30s in EMBA
Andrew Burnham reports on the INSPIRE group weekend away in October 3013
We arrived at the Harby Center near Melton Mowbray over the course of Friday evening, all to be wowed by its facilities. For the food lovers among us, its warm country farm interior, with two well furbished kitchens was the best part of the venue, while for the more active types, the adventure playground and large, fully equipped, sports halls, was the highlight of the weekend.
Sarah Edwards was our guest speaker for the weekend, and as an '18-30' herself, was already a good inspiration for how younger people can serve their church. Speaking on Saturday morning on the topic of "Why we Serve" proved fairly challenging for some us. Through a range of scenarios and group discussion, we looked at how motives such as a wrong perception of Jesus and the need to be liked by people, could lead to us volunteering for the wrong ministries and leave us burnt out.
On Saturday afternoon we had time to spend in fellowship together, some conquering the zip wire in the garden, some letting off some steam on the trampoline, while others just chatted and rested. Our Saturday evening session lead to some great group discussion and fired us up for whole group game of spoons that got increasingly more competitive as the contenders reached the final!
On Sunday morning we were able to share communion together and reflect. Worship had been a key part of our weekend and we were able to lift our praises to God for all he had been teaching us over the weekend and celebrate being able to come together with a large group of Christians our age, which for many of us in smaller churches, is a rare occurrence.
After praying for each other we shared our final meal and set off for home. I know I felt so much more relaxed and challenged to pray about how I serve my church. I pray that others felt as refreshed as I did and that this weekend away was able to help inspire everyone on it to love God with all their hearts and to serve him in many exiting ways.
Andrew Burnham (If you want to join this group, search for "INSPIRE (EMBA)" on Facebook and request to be added to the group or contact : firstname.lastname@example.com.
Becky Hardiman, 21/11/2013
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Publications (41)278.29 Total impact
- [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We examined whether coupling of a ventricular myocyte to a non-myocyte cell expressing HCN2 could create a two-cell syncytium capable of generating sustained pacing. Three non-myocyte cell types were transfected with the mHCN2 gene and used as sources of mHCN2-induced currents. They were human mesenchymal stem cells and HEK293 cells, both of which express connexin43 (Cx43), and HeLa cells transfected with Cx43. Cell-cell coupling between heterologous pairs increased with time in co-culture, and hyperpolarization of the myocyte induced HCN2 currents, indicating current transfer from the mHCN2-expressing cell to the myocyte via gap junctions. The magnitude of the HCN2 currents recorded in myocytes increased with increasing junctional conductance. Once a critical level of electrical cell-cell coupling between myocytes and mHCN2 transfected cells was exceeded spontaneous action potentials were generated at frequencies of approximately 0.6 to 1.7 Hz (1.09 +/- 0.05 Hz). Addition of carbenoxolone (200 microM), a gap junction channel blocker, to the media stopped spontaneous activity in heterologous cell pairs. Carbenoxolone washout restored activity. Blockade of HCN2 currents by 100 microM 9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridine (THA) stopped spontaneous activity and subsequent washout restored it. Neither THA nor carbenoxolone affected electrically stimulated action potentials in isolated single myocytes. In summary, the inward current evoked in the genetically engineered (HCN2-expressing) cell was delivered to the cardiac myocyte via gap junctions and generated action potentials such that the cell pair could function as a pacemaker unit. This finding lays the groundwork for understanding cell-based biological pacemakers in vivo once an understanding of delivery and target cell geometry is defined.The Journal of Physiology 10/2009; 587(Pt 21):5211-26. · 4.38 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The ionic basis of automaticity in the sinoatrial node and His-Purkinje system, the primary and secondary cardiac pacemaking regions, is discussed. Consideration is given to potential targets for pharmacologic or genetic therapies of rhythm disorders. An ideal target would be an ion channel that functions only during diastole, so that action potential repolarization is not affected, and one that exhibits regional differences in expression and/or function so that the primary and secondary pacemakers can be selectively targeted. The so-called pacemaker current, If, generated by the HCN gene family, best fits these criteria. The biophysical and molecular characteristics of this current are reviewed, and progress to date in developing selective pharmacologic agents targeting If and in using gene and cell-based therapies to modulate the current are reviewed.Handbook of experimental pharmacology 02/2006; - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The ionic basis of automaticity in the sinoatrial node and His-Purkinje system, the primary and secondary cardiac pacemaking regions, is discussed. Consideration is given to potential targets for pharmacologic or genetic therapies of rhythm disorders. An ideal target would be an ion channel that functions only during diastole, so that action potential repolarization is not affected, and one that exhibits regional differences in expression and/or function so that the primary and secondary pacemakers can be selectively targeted. The so-called pacemaker current, If, generated by the HCN gene family, best fits these criteria. The biophysical and molecular characteristics of this current are reviewed, and progress to date in developing selective pharmacologic agents targeting If and in using gene and cell-based therapies to modulate the current are reviewed.01/2006: pages 41-71; - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine whether oligonucleotides the size of siRNA are permeable to gap junctions and whether a specific siRNA for DNA polymerase beta (pol beta) can move from one cell to another via gap junctions, thus allowing one cell to inhibit gene expression in another cell directly. To test this hypothesis, fluorescently labelled oligonucleotides (morpholinos) 12, 16 and 24 nucleotides in length were synthesized and introduced into one cell of a pair using a patch pipette. These probes moved from cell to cell through gap junctions composed of connexin 43 (Cx43). Moreover, the rate of transfer declined with increasing length of the oligonucleotide. To test whether siRNA for pol beta was permeable to gap junctions we used three cell lines: (1) NRK cells that endogenously express Cx43; (2) Mbeta16tsA cells, which express Cx32 and Cx26 but not Cx43; and (3) connexin-deficient N2A cells. NRK and Mbeta16tsA cells were each divided into two groups, one of which was stably transfected to express a small hairpin RNA (shRNA), which gives rise to siRNA that targets pol beta. These two pol beta knockdown cell lines (NRK-kcdc and Mbeta16tsA-kcdc) were co-cultured with labelled wild type, NRK-wt or Mbeta16tsA-wt cells or N2A cells. The levels of pol beta mRNA and protein were determined by semiquantitative RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Co-culture of Mbeta16tsA-kcdc cells with Mbeta16tsA-wt, N2A or NRK-wt cells had no effect on pol beta levels in these cells. Similarly, co-culture of NRK-kcdc with N2A cells had no effect on pol beta levels in the N2A cells. In contrast, co-culture of NRK-kcdc with NRK-wt cells resulted in a significant reduction in pol beta in the wt cells. The inability of Mbeta16tsA-kcdc cells to transfer siRNA is consistent with the fact that oligonucleotides of the 12 nucleotide length were not permeable to Cx32/Cx26 channels. This suggested that Cx43 but not Cx32/Cx26 channels allowed the cell-to-cell movement of the siRNA. These results support the novel hypothesis that non-hybridized and possible hybridized forms of siRNA can move between mammalian cells through connexin-specific gap junctions.The Journal of Physiology 11/2005; 568(Pt 2):459-68. · 4.54 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Although the neonatal sinus node beats at a faster rate than the adult, when a sodium current (I(Na)) present in the newborn is blocked, the spontaneous rate is slower in neonatal myocytes than in adult myocytes. This suggests a possible functional substitution of I(Na) by another current during development. We used ruptured [T-type calcium current (I(Ca,T))] and perforated [L-type calcium current (I(Ca,L))] patch clamps to study developmental changes in calcium currents in sinus node cells from adult and newborn rabbits. I(Ca,T) density did not differ with age, and no significant differences were found in the voltage dependence of activation or inactivation. I(Ca,L) density was lower in the adult than newborn (12.1 +/- 1.4 vs. 17.6 +/- 2.5 pA/pF, P = 0.049). However, activation and inactivation midpoints were shifted in opposite directions, reducing the potential contribution during late diastolic depolarization in the newborn (activation midpoints -17.3 +/- 0.8 and -22.3 +/- 1.4 mV in the newborn and adult, respectively, P = 0.001; inactivation midpoints -33.4 +/- 1.4 and -28.3 +/- 1.7 mV for the newborn and adult, respectively, P = 0.038). Recovery of I(Ca,L) from inactivation was also slower in the newborn. The results suggest that a smaller but more negatively activating and rapidly recovering I(Ca,L) in the adult sinus node may contribute to the enhanced impulse initiation at this age in the absence of I(Na).AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 10/2001; 281(3):H1252-9. · 4.01 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Ventricular pacemaker current (I(f)) shows distinct voltage dependence as a function of age, activating outside the physiological range in normal adult ventricle, but less negatively in neonatal ventricle. However, heterologously expressed HCN2 and HCN4, the putative molecular correlates of ventricular I(f), exhibit only a modest difference in activation voltage. We therefore prepared an adenoviral construct (AdHCN2) of HCN2, the dominant ventricular isoform at either age, and used it to infect neonatal and adult rat ventricular myocytes to investigate the role of maturation on current gating. The expressed current exhibited an 18-mV difference in activation (V(1/2) -95.9+/-1.9 in adult; -77.6+/-1.6 mV in neonate), comparable to the 22-mV difference between native I(f) in adult and neonatal cultures (V(1/2) -98.7 versus -77.0 mV). This did not result from developmental differences in basal cAMP, because saturating cAMP in the pipette caused an equivalent positive shift in both preparations. In the neonate, AdHCN2 caused a significant increase in spontaneous rate compared with control (88+/-5 versus 48+/-4 bpm). In adult, where HCN2 activates more negatively, the effect was evident only during anodal excitation, requiring significantly less stimulus energy than control (2149+/-266 versus 3140+/-279 mV. ms). Thus, ventricular maturational state influences the voltage dependence of expressed HCN2, resulting in distinct physiological impact of expressed channels in neonate and adult myocytes. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.Circulation Research 08/2001; 89(1):E8-14. · 11.09 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The HCN family of ion channel subunits underlies the currents I(f) in heart and I(h) and I(q) in the nervous system. In the present study, we demonstrate that minK-related peptide 1 (MiRP1) is a beta subunit for the HCN family. As such, it enhances protein and current expression as well as accelerating the kinetics of activation. Because MiRP1 also functions as a beta subunit for the cardiac delayed rectifier I(Kr), these results suggest that this peptide may have the unique role of regulating both the inward and outward channels that underlie cardiac pacemaker activity. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org.Circulation Research 07/2001; 88(12):E84-7. · 11.09 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In the present study, we demonstrate that minK-related peptide 1 (MiRP1) is a b subunit for the HCN family. As such, it enhances protein and current expression as well as accelerating the kinetics of activation. Because MiRP1 also functions as a b subunit for the cardiac delayed rectifier IKr, these results suggest that this peptide may have the unique role of regulating both the inward and outward channels that underlie cardiac pacemaker activity. The full text of this article is available at http://www.circresaha.org. (Circ Res. 2001;88:e84-e87.)Circulation Research 06/2001; 88(12). · 11.09 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We have reported previously that the sinoatrial node (SAN) in the newborn rabbit expresses a Na+ current (INa) with properties similar to the neuronal type-I isoform and that this current contributes to the net inward current flowing during diastolic depolarization. To characterize this current further we conducted cell-attached single-channel experiments in isolated newborn SAN myocytes. The Na+ channel was sensitive to divalent cation block and had a single-channel conductance of 25.6 pS in the absence of divalent cations. Kinetic compatibility between single-channel and previous whole-cell data was confirmed by measuring the time constant of current decay. At pacemaker potentials, time constants were of the order of tens of milliseconds. Additional experiments indicated that this slow inactivation arises because the Na+ channels expressed in the neonatal SAN tend to re-open frequently at potentials in the pacemaker range. We suggest that this is the mechanism by which a small tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive current contributes to the total inward current flowing during slow diastolic depolarization in neonatal (but not adult) pacemaker myocytes.Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 06/2001; 442(2):192-6. · 3.07 Impact Factor -
Article: Na(+) current contribution to the diastolic depolarization in newborn rabbit SA node cells.
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ABSTRACT: Isolated newborn, but not adult, rabbit sinoatrial node (SAN) cells exhibit spontaneous activity that (unlike adult) are highly sensitive to the Na(+) current (I(Na)) blocker TTX. To investigate this TTX action on automaticity, cells were voltage clamped with ramp depolarizations mimicking the pacemaker phase of spontaneous cells (-60 to -20 mV, 35 mV/s). Ramps elicited a TTX-sensitive current in newborn (peak density 0.89 +/- 0.14 pA/pF, n = 24) but not adult (n = 5) cells. When depolarizing ramps were preceded by steplike depolarizations to mimic action potentials, ramp current decreased 54.6 +/- 8.0% (n = 3) but was not abolished. Additional experiments demonstrated that ramp current amplitude depended on the slope of the ramp and that TTX did not alter steady-state holding current at pacemaker potentials. This excluded a steady-state Na(+) window component and suggested a kinetic basis, which was investigated by measuring TTX-sensitive I(Na) during long step depolarizations. I(Na) exhibited a slow but complete inactivation time course at pacemaker voltages (tau = 33.9 +/- 3.9 ms at -50 mV), consistent with the rate-dependent ramp data. The data indicate that owing to slow inactivation of I(Na) at diastolic potentials, a small TTX-sensitive current flows during the diastolic depolarization in neonatal pacemaker myocytes.AJP Heart and Circulatory Physiology 12/2000; 279(5):H2303-9. · 4.01 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The developmental increase in L-type Ca current (I(Ca,L)) density in the rat ventricle is reproduced in vitro by culturing neonatal myocytes with sympathetic neurons. We tested whether this effect of sympathetic innervation results from a chronic or sustained action of neurally released neuropeptide Y (NPY). Ventricular myocytes from newborn rats were cultured in serum-free medium with or without sympathetic neurons, NPY, or NPY analogs. Ca currents were measured in single myocytes at room temperature using the perforated patch clamp. In all cell groups (control, innervated, or NPY treated), the current-voltage relation for I(Ca,L) was represented by a bell-shaped curve with maximal value near 0 mV. The current density at 0 mV normalized to that of corresponding mean control values was 1.63 +/- 0.12 and 1.52 +/- 0.16 for innervated and NPY-treated myocytes, respectively. Both groups differed significantly from control (P < 0.05). NPY analogs exhibited the following rank order of effectiveness: NPY >/= NPY-(13-36) >/= PYY > [Leu31Pro34]NPY, suggesting that the NPY effect occurs via a Y2-receptor subtype. In confirmation, chronic treatment of innervated cultures with a Y2-selective NPY antagonist prevented the innervation-dependent increase in I(Ca,L). These results indicate that sympathetic innervation contributes to the developmental increase in I(Ca,L) via neurally released NPY acting at Y2 receptors on the ventricular myocytes.The American journal of physiology 09/1999; 277(3 Pt 2):H940-6. · 3.28 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: HCN cation channel mRNA expression was determined in the rabbit heart and neonatal and adult rat ventricle using RNase protection assays. In the rabbit SA node, the dominant HCN transcript is HCN4, representing >81% of the total HCN message. HCN1 is also expressed, representing >18% of the total HCN mRNA. Rabbit Purkinje fibers contained almost equal amounts of HCN1 and HCN4 transcripts with low levels of HCN2, whereas rabbit ventricle contained predominantly HCN2. The SA node contained 25 times the total HCN message of Purkinje fibers and 140 times the total HCN message of ventricle. No reports of hyperpolarization-activated current (If) exist in rabbit Purkinje fibers, and we could not record If in rabbit ventricular myocytes. To investigate the possible role of isoform switching in determining the voltage dependence of If, we determined the prevalence of HCN isoforms in neonatal and adult rat ventricle. We had previously determined the threshold for activation of If to be approximately -70 mV in neonatal rat ventricle and -113 mV in adult rat ventricle. In both neonatal and adult rat ventricle, only HCN2 and HCN4 transcripts are present. The ratio of HCN2 to HCN4 is approximately 5:1 in the neonate and 13:1 in the adult. Taken together, these results suggest that different cardiac regions express different isoforms of the HCN family. The HCN1 and HCN4 isoforms are most closely associated with a depolarized threshold for If activation, whereas the HCN2 isoform is associated with a more negative activation curve.Circulation Research 08/1999; 85(1):e1-6. · 11.09 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: During postnatal development, sympathetic innervation of the heart evolves, and repolarization accelerates. Our goal in this study was to test whether sympathetic innervation modulates the ion channels that regulate repolarization. We studied action potentials and repolarizing K+ currents in epicardial myocytes from rats in which sympathetic innervation was accelerated or delayed, respectively, by subcutaneous injection of nerve growth factor (NGF) or NGF antibody (Ab) for the first 15 days of life. A placebo group was included as well. Action potential duration (APD) to 90% repolarization was greater in the Ab (158 +/- 18 ms)-treated than the NGF (106 +/- 10 ms)-treated animals (P < 0.05); the APD at 90% repolarization for the placebo group was intermediate (125 +/- 30 ms). The transient outward (Ito) and inward rectifier (IK1) K+ currents were recorded in freshly dissociated cells using the whole cell patch-clamp technique. Ito was decreased in density at potentials positive to +40 mV in Ab-treated rats when compared with rats treated with NGF (P < 0.05). In addition, the inactivation curve of Ito in Ab-treated rats was shifted 13 mV positive to that of NGF-treated rats. IK1 also decreased in the Ab-treated group compared with the NGF group in the potential ranges of -100 to -90 mV (P < 0.05). However, the channel transcript abundance (RNA) in NGF-, Ab-, or placebo-treated rat hearts did not differ. Our results suggest that sympathetic innervation contributes to the developmental differences in K+ currents and APD postnatally in the rat.The American journal of physiology 03/1998; 274(3 Pt 2):H915-22. · 3.28 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes express both beta 1-and beta 2-adrenergic receptors linked to enhanced intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) accumulation and the modulation of contractile function. This study tests the hypothesis that muscarinic agonists act via distinct mechanisms to interfere with beta 1-and beta 2-adrenergic receptor actions. The beta 2-selective agonist zinterol (10(-7) M) elicits approximately a fourfold increase in cAMP accumulation, which is mimicked, both in magnitude and kinetics, by 10(-9) M of the mixed beta 1-receptor agonist/beta 2-receptor agonist isoproterenol. At these concentrations, isoproterenol and zinterol elicit equivalent inotropic and lusitropic (i.e., enhanced relaxation) responses. Carbachol inhibits all three responses (cAMP, inotropic, and lusitropic) elicited by isoproterenol. In contrast, carbachol does not interfere with the effect of zinterol to augment cAMP accumulation or to induce a positive inotropic response. However, carbachol inhibits the lusitropic response to zinterol via an action at an M2-muscarinic receptor linked to a pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway. Additional studies indicate that beta 2-receptor-dependent phosphorylation of troponin I and phospholamban is substantially attenuated by carbachol. We conclude that carbachol interferes with beta 1-receptor actions by reducing cAMP accumulation. In contrast, the anti-beta 2-receptor actions of carbachol are mediated by a mechanism that is distinct from inhibition of cAMP accumulation, involving an M2-muscarinic receptor coupled to a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, which leads to inhibition of troponin I and phospholamban phosphorylation and inhibition of the beta 2-receptor-dependent lusitropic response.The American journal of physiology 07/1997; 272(6 Pt 2):H2726-35. · 3.28 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The hearts in newborn mammals have greater intrinsic beating rates, rates of diastolic depolarization, and sensitivity to autonomic stimulation than those in adults. The differences could be explained partly by altered properties of the hyperpolarization-activated current (If). To test this possibility, sinoatrial node myocytes from the hearts of newborn (9- to 10-day) and adult (>30-day) rabbits were isolated, and the If was examined with the perforated-patch-clamp technique. The fully activated current-voltage relationship yielded a larger slope conductance of If in newborn SA node myocytes (0.244 +/- 0.020 vs. 0.158 +/- 0.012 pS/pF), compatible with the more rapid diastolic depolarization. Activation curves of the If had similar midactivation voltages (newborn, -66.71 +/- 1.94 mV; adult, -66.33 +/- 2.60 mV), but the slope was significantly greater in newborns (inverse slope factor: newborn, -9.57 +/- 0.35 mV; adult, -11.34 +/- 0.54 mV). No differences in shifts of the If activation curve in response to maximal concentrations of acetylcholine (newborn, -9.70 +/- 1.8 mV; adult, -12.60 +/- 2.10 mV) and isoproterenol (newborn, 6.90 +/- 2.5 mV; adult, 5.3 +/- 1.5 mV) or in the total shift in response to these agonists (newborn, 16.60 +/- 3.30 mV; adult, 18.00 +/- 1.00 mV) were observed. The greater If density and steeper voltage dependence can contribute to both the greater heart rate and the greater sensitivity of the SA node to autonomic modulation in newborn animals.The American journal of physiology 04/1997; 272(3 Pt 2):H1549-52. · 3.28 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: 1. Newborn rabbit sino-atrial node (SAN) myocytes were recently found to express a tetrodotoxin (TTX)-sensitive Na+ current. We now report that the dose-response relation indicates that this SAN Na+ channel has unusually high TTX sensitivity, with half-maximal inhibition (26 +/- 5 nM) which is more typical of neuronal than cardiac tissue. 2. Additional characterization used mu-conotoxin GIIIA and Cd2+ as relatively selective blockers of the skeletal and cardiac isoforms, respectively. mu-Conotoxin GIIIA had no effect on the current recorded from SAN myocytes, but the Cd2+ sensitivity was unexpectedly high for a neuronal isoform (half-maximal inhibition = 185 +/- 8 microM). 3. Analysis of the time constant of inactivation did not reveal evidence of multiple inactivation processes, with the data well fitted by a single, relatively rapid exponential (inactivation time constant = 0.58 +/- 0.03 ms at 0 mV). 4. In situ hybridization with anti-sense cDNA probes was used to test for expression of neuronal type I, II and III Na+ channel isoforms. Myocardial cells in newborn SAN tissue exhibited clear hybridization to the type I, but not the type II or III probes. No hybridization was observed in adult SAN tissue with any of the three probes. 5. It is concluded that the newborn SAN expresses a neuronal type I-like Na+ channel isoform, and that this probably accounts for the unusual characteristic of high sensitivity to both TTX and Cd2+.The Journal of Physiology 03/1997; 498 ( Pt 3):641-8. · 4.54 Impact Factor -
Article: Developmental change in the voltage-dependence of the pacemaker current, if, in rat ventricle cells.
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ABSTRACT: Myocytes were isolated from newborn and adult rat ventricle. Using the whole-cell patch clamp, the two cell populations were compared for the presence of the hyperpolarization-activated pacemaker current if. As in other mammalian species, the threshold voltage in acutely dissociated adult rat myocytes was extremely negative (-113 +/- 5 mV; n=12). In contrast, threshold in newborn cells was relatively positive, regardless of whether measured in acutely dissociated (-72 +/- 2 mV; n=6) or cultured cells (-70 +/- 2 mV; n=9). Current density was not reduced in the adult. These results suggest that with development the ventricle assumes its non-pacemaker function, at least in part, by a shift of the voltage dependence of if outside the physiological range.Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology 03/1997; 433(4):533-5. · 3.07 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Developmental changes occur in beta-adrenergic modulation of repolarization in canine. Purkinje fibers that may have important implications for rhythm and arrhythmias. No comparable data exist for ventricular myocardium. Therefore, we studied developmental changes in beta-adrenergic regulation of repolarization and delayed rectifier potassium current (IK) in canine ventricular epicardium. We first investigated the effects of isoproterenol (Iso) on action potentials (AP) recorded from epicardial slices with standard microelectrodes, and then we further determined the mechanisms of Iso action using the nystatin-perforated patch technique on isolated epicardial myocytes. In microelectrode studies Iso (10(-7) M) induced a shortening of the AP in preparations from adult dogs but not in those from dogs < 30 days old. These results were confirmed on AP recorded from single myocytes. Although the plateau was increased by Iso at all ages, the AP at 90% of repolarization was shortened (P < 0.05, n = 6) in adult but unchanged in < 30-day-old myocytes (NS, n = 6). Voltage-clamp studies showed that IK of adult cells was increased from a control value of 10.23 +/- 1.87 to 13.43 +/- 1.92 pA/pF with Iso (step to +50 mV, P < 0.05, n = 6), but IK was not modified in cells from young animals (6.49 +/- 2.72 pA/pF in control and 6.56 +/- 2.62 pA/pF with Iso, n = 4). Increasing the Iso concentration to 10(-5) M failed to increase IK significantly (n = 4). However, 10(-7) M Iso did increase L-type Ca2+ current from 172 +/- 31 to 262 +/- 42 pA (P < 0.05, n = 4), consistent with the effect to increase the AP plateau. These results show that there are developmental changes in beta-adrenergic regulation of repolarization in canine epicardium and that the control site of developmental changes is in the IK channel rather than the beta-adrenergic receptor cascade.The American journal of physiology 10/1996; 271(3 Pt 2):H1174-81. · 3.28 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Previous studies established that thrombin stimulates phosphoinositide hydrolysis and modulates contractile function in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. The present study further defines the signaling pathways activated by the thrombin receptor and their role in thrombin's actions in cardiac myocytes. The thrombin receptor-derived agonist peptide (TRAP, a portion of the tethered ligand created by thrombin's proteolytic activity) stimulates the rapid and transient accumulation of inositol bis- and tris-phosphates (IP2 and IP3, respectively), which is followed by the more gradual and sustained accumulation of inositol monophosphate (IP1). TRAP elicits a larger and more sustained accumulation of IP1 than does thrombin. Thrombin and TRAP also activate mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Differences in the kinetics and magnitude of thrombin- and TRAP-dependent inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation are paralleled by differences in the kinetics and magnitude of thrombin- and TRAP-dependent activation of MAPK. Pretreatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) to downregulate protein kinase C (PKC) attenuates thrombin- and TRAP-dependent activation of MAPK, although small and equivalent effects of thrombin and TRAP to stimulate MAPK persist in PMA-pretreated cells. These results support the notion that the thrombin receptor activates MAPK through PKC-dependent pathways and that the incremental activation of MAPK by TRAP over that induced by thrombin is the consequence of enhanced activation through the PKC limb of the phosphoinositide lipid pathway. TRAP also increases the beating rate of spontaneously contracting ventricular myocytes and elevates cytosolic calcium in myocytes electrically driven at a constant basic cycle length. The effects of TRAP to modulate contractile function and elevate intracellular calcium are not inhibited by tricyclodecan-9-yl-xanthogenate (D609, to block TRAP-dependent IP accumulation) or pretreatment with PMA (to downregulate PKC). The TRAP-dependent rise in intracellular calcium also is not inhibited by verapamil or removal of extracellular calcium but is markedly attenuated by depletion of sarcoplasmic reticular calcium stores by caffeine. Patch-clamp experiments demonstrate that TRAP elevates intracellular calcium in cells held at a membrane potential of -70 mV. Taken together, these results support the conclusion that the thrombin receptor modulates contractile function by mobilizing intracellular calcium through an IP3-independent mechanism and that this response does not require activation of voltage-gated ion channels.Circulation Research 05/1996; 78(4):553-63. · 11.09 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Carbachol increased ventricular automaticity in a concentration-dependent fashion from a control rate of 72 +/- 5 (mean +/- SEM) to 86 +/- 4 beats per minute at 10(-4) M carbachol. Pirenzepine, an M1-selective antagonist, and AFDX 116, an M2-selective antagonist, both at 10(-7) M, did not block the carbachol-induced positive chronotropic response. In contrast, 10(-7) M HHSiD, an M3-selective antagonist, completely blocked the positive chronotropic effect of carbachol. Carbachol stimulated the accumulation of IP1 in a concentration-dependent manner at concentrations > or = 3 x 10(-6) M. AFDX 116 had no effect on carbachol-induced IP1 accumulation. HHSiD significantly inhibited IP1 accumulation at concentrations > or = 3 x 10(-8) M, while pirenzepine inhibited IP1 accumulation only at concentrations > or = 10(-5) M. McN A343 and methacholine, two muscarinic receptor agonists with minimal M2 activities, and carbachol did not alter basal cAMP concentration, but all three agonists significantly attenuated the increase in cAMP accumulation in response to isoproterenol. Carbachol inhibited isoproterenol-mediated cAMP accumulation at concentrations > or = 10(-7) M. AFDX 116, HHSiD, and pirenzepine blocked the carbachol-induced inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation. At equimolar concentrations, the inhibitory effects of HHSiD and AFDX-116 were similar, while that of pirenzepine was much less. Pretreatment with pertussis toxin for 24 h did not prevent the carbachol-mediated positive chronotropic response or accumulation of IP1 but completely abolished the inhibition of isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation. These results indicate that (a) neonatal ventricular myocytes in culture have a heterogeneous population of muscarinic (M2 and M3) receptors, (b) the M3 receptor is coupled to pertussis toxin-sensitive and pertussis toxin-insensitive G proteins, (c) M3 receptor stimulation activates phosphoinositide hydrolysis and increases automaticity via a pertussis toxin-insensitive G protein-dependent pathway, and (d) both M2 and M3 receptors couple to pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein(s) to mediate the inhibition of intracellular cAMP accumulation in response to isoproterenol stimulation.Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 05/1996; 27(4):455-61. · 2.11 Impact Factor
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College News
"Violence and Tragedy: The Mental Illness Perspective" Featuring Dr. Rob Rice in March First Friday Lecture
On Friday, March 1, Dr. Rob Rice, Director of Clinical Internships in the Mental Health Counseling Program at St. John Fisher College, will present "Violence and Tragedy: The Mental Illness Perspective" for the First Friday Lecture. The lecture comes on the heels of a series of national tragedies that have many people talking about mental health awareness. The lecture will take place in the Joseph S. Skalny Welcome Center Boardroom at 10:00 a.m., and will include a 9:00 a.m. mass followed by a breakfast.
During the lecture, Rice will discuss research related to the public perception of people with mental illness and their potential for violent behavior, and the association between mental disorders and violence, especially among youth. He will also discuss the reactions to the recent tragedies and the implications for public policy influencing youth safety and mental health.
Rice is a full-time, tenure-track faculty member who specializes in the treatment of anxiety and repetitive behaviors associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder and autism spectrum disorders in children and adolescents.
In 2004, he developed and directed a large clinic supporting people with developmental disabilities and mental illness, where he stayed until 2009. He continues to see patients at the clinic on a weekly basis. His current projects and research interests include using videogames and technology to teach self-regulation and other skills for managing anxiety and repetitive behaviors. He presents regularly on his research, most recently in Toronto and The Netherlands at the 2012 International Meeting for Autism Research and Games for Health Europe, respectively.
The First Friday Lecture Series is designed for individuals who are interested in hearing learned perspectives on a variety of topics from members of the St. John Fisher College community.
Parking is available in Lot A off of the main entrance to the College at East Avenue/Fairport Road. For more information about the lecture series or to register for the lecture, please call (585) 385-5292 or email firstname.lastname@example.com.
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3 117 Cleaning up Rusty Furniture Do you love finding vintage or industrial pieces for your home or office? Old furniture pieces always have a story to tell and
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Adam | |
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Adam (Hebrew: אָדָם) is a figure from the Book of Genesis, also mentioned in the New Testament, the Quran, the Book of Mormon, and the Book of Iqan. According to Womack's creation myth[1] of Abrahamic religions, he is the first human.
In the Genesis creation narratives, he was created by Yahweh-Elohim ("Yahweh-God", the god of Israel), though the term "adam" can refer to both the first individual person, as well as to the general creation of humankind. Christian churches differ on how they view Adam's subsequent behavior of disobeying God (often called the Fall of man), and to the consequences that those actions had on the rest of humanity. Christian and Jewish teachings sometimes hold Adam and Eve (the first woman) to a different level of responsibility for the Fall, though Islamic teaching holds both equally responsible. In addition, Islam holds that Adam was eventually forgiven, while Christianity holds that redemption occurred only later through the sacrifice of Jesus Christ. Bahá'í Faith, Islam and some Christian denominations consider Adam to be the first prophet.
Adam (Hebrew: אָדָם) as a proper name, predates its generic use in Semitic languages. Its earliest known use as a genuine name in historicity is Adamu, as recorded in the Assyrian King List.[2] Its use as a common word in the Hebrew language is ׳āḏām, meaning "human". Coupled with the definite article, it becomes "the human".[3]
Its root is not attributed to the Semitic root for "man" -(n)-sh. Rather, ׳āḏām is linked to its triliteral root אָדָם (a-d-m), meaning "red", "fair", "handsome".[4] As a masculine noun, 'adam[5] means "man", "mankind" usually in a collective context as in humankind.[4][6] The noun 'adam is also the masculine form of the word adamah which means "ground" or "earth". It is related to the words: adom (red), admoni (ruddy), and dam (blood).[7] According to a number of observers, the word Adam derives from Sanskrit word Adima, meaning "progenitor", "first", "primitive" in Sanskrit.[8][9][10][11]
In the Book of Genesis, ׳āḏām can also be rendered "mankind" in the most generic sense, which is similar to its usage in Canaanite languages.[12][13] The use of "mankind" in Genesis, gives the reflection that Adam was the ancestor of all men.
Kabbalistic works indicate that Adam also comes from the Hebrew word 'Adame', 'I should be similar', similar to God in having free will.[14]
Adam in Genesis[edit]
In the first five chapters of Genesis the word אָדָם ( 'adam ) is used in all of its senses: collectively ("mankind"),[1:27] individually (a "man"),[2:7] gender nonspecific, ("man and woman")[5:1,2] and male.[2:23–24][15] According to the Jewish Encyclopedia, its use in Genesis 1 is generic, while in Genesis 2 and Genesis 3 the generic and personal usages are mixed.[12]
In Genesis 1:27 "adam" is used in the collective sense, whereby not only the individual Adam, but all humans, are created on the sixth day. The interplay between the individual "Adam" and the collective "humankind" is a main literary component to the events that occur in the Garden of Eden, the ambiguous meanings embedded throughout the moral, sexual, and spiritual terms of the narrative reflecting the complexity of the human condition.[16] Genesis 2:7 is the first verse where "Adam" takes on the sense of an individual man (the first man): the context of sex and gender, prior to these verses, is absent. The gender distinction of "adam" is then reiterated in Genesis 5:1–2 by defining "male and female".[15]
A recurring literary motif that occurs (in Gen. 1–8), is the bond between Adam and the earth ("adamah"). Adam is made from the earth, and it is from this "adamah" that Adam gets his name. God's cursing of Adam also results in the ground being cursed, causing him to have to labour for food,[3:17] and Adam returns to the earth from which he was taken.[3:19] This "earthly" aspect is a component of Adam's identity, and Adam's curse of estrangement from the earth seems to render humankind's divided identity of being earthly yet separated from nature.[8:21][17]
According to Genesis 1, God (Elohim) created human beings. "Male and female created He them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam ..." (Genesis 5:2). Here "Adam" is a general term for "mankind" and refers to the whole of humankind. God blesses "mankind" to "be fruitful and multiply" and ordains that they should have "dominion" (but the exact meaning of the Hebrew is uncertain and disputed) "over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth" (Genesis 1.26-27).
In Genesis 2 God forms "Adam" (this time meaning a single male human) out of "the dust of the ground" and then "breathed into his nostrils the breath of life", causing him to "become a living soul" (Genesis 2:7). God then placed Adam in the Garden of Eden, giving him the commandment that "Of every tree of the garden thou mayest freely eat: But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die" (Genesis 2:16-17).
God then noted that "It is not good that the man should be alone" (Genesis 2:18). He then brought every "beast of the field and every fowl of the air" (Genesis 2:19) before Adam and had Adam name all the animals. However, among all the animals, there was not found "a helper suitable for" Adam (Genesis 2:20), so God caused "a deep sleep to fall upon Adam" and took one of his ribs, and from that rib, formed a woman (Genesis 2:21-22), subsequently named Eve.
Expulsion from Eden[edit]
In Genesis 3, A man named Adam is found in the expulsion from Eden narrative which is characterized as a parable or wisdom tale in the wisdom tradition.[19] The documentary hypothesis for this narrative portion is attributed to Yahwist (J), due to the use of YHWH.[20]
In the expulsion from Eden narrative, the woman is lured into dialogue on the serpent's terms, which directly disputes Yahweh's command (3:1-5).[21] Adam and the woman sin (3:6-8).[22] Yahweh then questions Adam and the woman (3:9-13)[23] initiating a dialogue. Yahweh calls out to Adam using a rhetorical question that is designed to prompt him to consider his wrongdoing. Adam explains that he hid out of fear because he realized his nakedness.[24] This is followed by two more rhetorical questions designed to show awareness of a defiance of Yahweh's command. Adam then points to the woman as the real offender, then accuses Yahweh for the tragedy.[25]
After a series of blaming occurs, Yahweh initiates judgement on all culprits involved (3:14-19).[23] A judgement oracle and the nature of the crime is first laid upon the serpent, then the woman, and finally Adam. In Adam's punishment, Yahweh curses the ground from which he came, and then receives a death oracle.[26]
The chiasmus structure of the death oracle given to Adam in 3:19, is a link between man's creation from "dust" (2:7) to the "return" of his beginnings.[27]
- A you return
- B to the ground
- C since (kî ) from it you were taken
- C' for (kî ) dust you are
- B' and to dust
- B to the ground
- A' you will return
The reaction of Adam, the naming of Eve, and Yahweh making skin garments are described in a concise narrative (3:20-21). The garden account ends with an intradivine monologue, determining Adam and the woman's expulsion, and the execution of that deliberation (3:22-24).[23]
After his expulsion from Eden, Adam was forced to work hard for his food for the first time. According to the Book of Genesis, he had three male children with Eve named Cain, Abel, and Seth.
According to the Genealogies of Genesis, Adam died at the age of 930, making him the third longest living person next to Noah and Methuselah. With such numbers, calculations such as those of Archbishop Ussher would suggest that Adam would have died only about 127 years before the birth of Noah, nine generations after Adam. In other words, Adam's lifespan would have overlapped that of Lamech (father of Noah), at least fifty years. Ussher and a group of theologians and scholars in 1630 performed calculations and created a study that reported the creation of Adam on October 23, 4004 BC at 9:00 am and lived until 3074 BC.
Adam in other works[edit]
- The Life of Adam and Eve, and its Greek version Apocalypse of Moses, is a group of Jewish pseudepigraphical writings that recount the lives of Adam and Eve after their expulsion from the Garden of Eden to their deaths.
- The Book of Joshua mentions a "City of Adam" at the time that the Israelites crossed the Jordan River on entering Canaan, but doesn't suggest any relationship between this city and the "first man" of Genesis.
- The Book of Jubilees, a second century BC text which is not considered canonical by most Abrahamic faiths, states that Adam had two daughters: Azûrâ and Awân who were born after Seth, Cain, Abel, and nine other sons. Cain later marries Awân and Seth married Azûrâ, thus, accounting for their descendants.
- In the Qur'an, God creates Adam out of clay[28] and commands the angels to bow to this human. After Iblis refuses,[29] he lures Adam and Eve into disobeying God. As a punishment, Adam and Eve are sent out into the rest of the earth[30][31] where they conceive Cain and Abel.[32][33]
Religious views[edit]
Jewish traditions[edit]
In rabbinic writings and the Dead Sea Scrolls, Adam is a perfect human before his exile from Eden, but is diminished in stature when exiled.[17] A traditional Jewish belief is that after Adam died, he was buried in the Cave of Machpelah in Hebron.
According to some Jewish mystical traditions, the original glory of Adam can be regained through mystical contemplation of God.[17]
In Jewish folklore, Lilith is the name of Adam's first wife, who was created at the same time and from the same earth as Adam. She left Adam after she refused to become subservient to Adam and then would not return to the Garden of Eden after she mated with archangel Samael.[34] Her story was greatly developed, during the Middle Ages, in the tradition of Aggadic midrashim, the Zohar and Jewish mysticism.[35] The resulting Lilith legend is still commonly used as source material in modern culture, literature, occultism, fantasy and horror.
Early Christian views[edit]
Irenaeus taught that Adam's sin had grave consequences for humanity, and that the Fall of man was the source of human sinfulness, mortality and enslavement to sin, and that all human beings participate in his sin and share his guilt.[36] Irenaeus promoted this concept in his struggle to counter the doctrines of Gnosticism. Subsequently, the doctrine of original sin was formalized by Irenaeus in the 2nd-century.[37][38]
Augustine of Hippo (354–430) furthered the teaching of original sin by concluding that Adam's sin is transmitted by concupiscence. This is the concept that sin is inherited, so that original sin is passed from parent to child, resulting in humanity becoming a massa damnata (mass of perdition, condemned crowd).[37] By Adam and Eve's sexual reproduction, all their descendants now live in sin (STh Iª–IIae q. 82 a. 4 ad 3). Augustine also promoted the view that all of humanity was really present in Adam's guilt when he sinned, and therefore all descendant humans inherit that guilt.[39]
Jehovah's Witnesses[edit]
Jehovah's Witnesses view Adam and Eve as the ones who brought sin, and thus death, into the world by committing the original sin, by disobeying Jehovah's clear command not to eat of the fruit of knowledge of good and evil.
Eve's sin is counted as deliberate disobedience, as she did know that Jehovah had commanded them not to eat, but she is held to have been deceived by the Serpent. (She was deceived only about the effect of their disobedience, not about the will of God on the matter.) Adam's sin is considered even more reproachable, as he had not been deceived. Rather, when confronted with his sin, he attempted to blame both his wife Eve, and Jehovah himself. By his sin, he forfeited human perfection and was therefore unable to pass it on to his offspring.[40]
Latter-day Saints[edit]
The Latter-day Saint movement holds that Adam and Michael the archangel are the same individual.[41] Michael the archangel fought against and cast out Lucifer (who became Satan) and his followers at the conclusion of the War of Heaven during the pre-mortal existence (see Book of Revelation 12:7-9). Michael was born into this mortal existence as the man "Adam, the father of all, the prince of all, the Ancient of Days" (see Doctrine and Covenants 27:11 and 107:54). Mormons also consider Adam to have been the first prophet on earth.
The Latter-day Saints hold the belief that the "Fall" was not a tragedy, but rather a necessary part of God's plan. They believe that Adam and Eve had to partake of the forbidden fruit in order to fulfill God's plan so that humans would be able to have free agency.[42]
Seventh-day Adventists[edit]
Seventh-day Adventists believe that the importance of the literal creation time-line is pivotal to the story of humanity, their relationship to God, and the plan of salvation and atonement for Adam and Eve's transgression (fall), by which all their descendants are under subjugation. The Bible states, "Since by man (Adam) came death, by man (Jesus the Christ) came also the resurrection ... (I Cor. 15:21)." To disavow a literal creation and our first parents (Adam and Eve) nearly 6,000 years ago negates a fundamental, orthodox doctrine and the supremacy of the Holy Bible that the sovereign, triune God – "Let Us make man in Our image, according to Our likeness; and let them rule over the fish of the sea and over the birds of the sky and over the cattle and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creeps on the earth," (Genesis 1:26 NASB)—according to His own purpose and counsel and for His own glory, created humanity in the Biblical/Torah account.[43]
Islamic view[edit]
In Islam, Âdam (Adem; Arabic: آدم) is believed to be the first human being and someone to whom God spoke directly, and thus viewed as the first prophet of Islam. Muslims also see Adam as the first Muslim, as the Qur'ān says that all the prophets preached the same faith of submission to God.[44]
Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, an early Islamic commentator on hadiths and Isrā'īlīyāt,[45] wrote that when it came time to create Adam, God sent Gabriel (Jibrīl), then Michael (Mikā'īl), to fetch clay from the earth; but the earth complained, saying I take refuge in God from you, if you have come to diminish or deform me, so the angels returned empty-handed. God then uses Azrael who brings clay from all regions, an explanation used for the variety of human races.[citation needed] According to Tabari, after receiving the breath of God, Adam remained a dry body for 40 days, then gradually came to life from the head downward. He came to life saying All praise be to God, the Lord of all beings. Having been created, Adam, the first man, is given domination over all the lower creatures, which he proceeds to name after being taught by God [Quran 2:31].
Abu Hurayrah referred to a hadith of Muhammad where he reportedly said, "God created Adam, making him 60 cubits tall"[46] and, "Any person who will enter Paradise will resemble Adam (in appearance and figure)". A popular Islamic belief is that people have been decreasing in stature since Adam's creation.[47] There is an Islamic legend of a younger son of Adam; named Rocail; who created a palace and sepulcher containing autonomous statues that lived out the lives of men so realistically they were mistaken for having souls.[48]
According to the Ahmadiyya view, Adam was not the first human being on earth. According to Ahmadi Muslims, the Qur'an shows that there were humans in existence before Adam."I am about to place a Khalifa in the earth"[Quran 2:30] In view of this, Ahmadis further claim that it is not necessary that the Adam mentioned in the Qur'an was the first Prophet of God, but merely the first Prophet in a long line of Prophets. When the human race came into existence, and spread all over the world into branches and sub-branches, and had developed the ability to receive revelation, God sent Adam to each and every branches and civilizations. According to a revelation received by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, the founder of the community, the Adam mentioned in the Qur'an was born 4,598 years before Muhammad, the founder of Islam.[49]
Bahá'í view[edit]
In the Bahá'í view, Adam was the first Manifestation of God in recorded history.[50] He is believed by Bahá'ís to have started the Adamic cycle 6000 years ago, which has culminated with Bahá'u'lláh.[51][52] The Biblical story of Adam and Eve, according to Bahá'í belief, is allegorical and is explained by 'Abdu'l-Bahá in Some Answered Questions.[52] Táhirih, an influential poet and theologian of the Bábí Faith, wrote a lengthy poem called Adam's Wish, about the desire of Adam and all other past prophets to witness humanity's coming of age.[53]
Druze belief[edit]
In the Druze religion, Adam and Eve are seen as dualistic cosmic forces and are complementary to one another. Adam represents the universal mind and Eve, the universal soul.[54]
See also[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Adam. |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Adam |
- Adapa
- Adam Kadmon
- Banu (Arabic)
- Paradise Lost
- Table of prophets of Abrahamic religions
- Mahabad (prophet)
- ^ Womack 2005, p. 81, "Creation myths are symbolic stories describing how the universe and its inhabitants came to be. Creation myths develop through oral traditions and therefore typically have multiple versions."
- ^ The Book of Genesis Chapters 1-17, Victor P. Hamilton, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing, 1990
- ^ Ryken (1998). Leland Ryken, Jim Wilhoit, Tremper Longman III, Colin Duriez, Douglas Penney, Daniel G. Reid, ed. Dictionary of Biblical Imagery. InterVarsity Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8308-6733-2.
- ^ a b Gesenius, Wilhelm & Samuel Prideaux Tregelles (1893). Genenius's Hebrew and Chaldee lexicon to the Old Testament Scriptures. J. Wiley & Sons. p. xiii.
- ^ Strong's Concordance: H120
- ^ Eerdmans 2000, p. 18
- ^ Brown Driver Briggs, Hebrew and English Lexicon, ISBN 1-56563-206-0, p. 9.
- ^ Philip Purvis. Masculinity in Opera. Routledge. p. 174.
- ^ Gerald Massey. A Book of the Beginnings, Volume 1. Cosimo, Inc. p. 145.
- ^ J. S. Gordon. The Path of Initiation: Spiritual Evolution and the Restoration of the Western Mystery Tradition. Inner Traditions / Bear & Co,. p. 202.
- ^ Prāci-jyotī: Digest of Indological Studies, Volumes 16-17. Kurukshetra University. p. 287.
- ^ a b Adam article in the Jewish Encyclopedia
- ^ Barker, Kenneth (Editor); John H. Stek, Mark L. Strauss, & Ronald F. Youngblood (2008). The NIV Study Bible. Zondervan Publishing House. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-310-93896-5.
- ^ Shelah HaKadosh, Toldos Adam, Introduction
- ^ a b Hendel. p.18
- ^ Hendel, pp. 18–19
- ^ a b c Hendel, p.19
- ^ Morris Eaves, Robert N. Essick, and Joseph Viscomi (ed.). "God Judging Adam, object 1 (Butlin 294) "God Judging Adam"". William Blake Archive. Retrieved October 27, 2013.
- ^ Freedman, Meyers, Patrick (1983). Carol L. Meyers, Michael Patrick O'Connor, David Noel Freedman, ed. The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth: Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman. Eisenbrauns. pp. 343–344. ISBN 978-0-931464-19-5.
- ^ Reed, A. Y. (September 20, 2004). "Source Criticism, the Documentary Hypothesis, and Genesis 1-3". RS 2DD3 – Five Books of Moses: 1, 2.
- ^ Mathews 1996, pp. 226, 236
- ^ Mathews 1996, p. 237
- ^ a b c Mathews 1996, p. 226
- ^ Mathews 1996, p. 240
- ^ Mathews 1996, p. 241
- ^ Mathews 1996, p. 252
- ^ Mathews 1996, p. 253
- ^ Quran 3:59
- ^ Quran 15:26–32
- ^ Quran 7:19–24
- ^ Quran 20:115–123
- ^ Quran 5:26–31
- ^ Knappert, Islamic Legends, 39-40.
- ^ Samael & Lilith
- ^ Tree of souls: the mythology of Judaism, By Howard Schwartz, page 218
- ^ Daniel L. Akin, A Theology for the Church (B&H Publishing 2007 ISBN 978-0-8054-2640-3), p. 433
- ^ a b ODCC, ed. by Frank Leslie Cross; Elizabeth A. Livingstone (2005). "Original sin". The Oxford dictionary of the Christian Church (3rd rev. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. Original sin. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3.
- ^ J. N. D. Kelly Early Christian Doctrines (San Francisco: Harper Collins, 1978) p. 171, referred to in Daniel L. Akin, A Theology for the Church, p. 433
- ^ Justo L. Gonzalez (1970–1975). A History of Christian Thought: Volume 2 (From Augustine to the eve of the Reformation). Abingdon Press.
- ^ "What was the Original Sin?". Awake! (Watch Tower Society): 28–29. June 2006. Retrieved 2014-11-03.
- ^ Robert L. Millet, "The Man Adam", Liahona, February 1998.
- ^ LDS Church (2011). "Chapter 6: The Fall of Adam and Eve," Gospel Principles (Salt Lake City, Utah: LDS Church).
- ^ "Adventist Church Official Web Site". Adventist.org. Archived from the original on 10 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-02-14.
- ^ Concise Encyclopedia of Islam, C. Glassé, "Adam"
- ^ On The Transmitters Of Isra'iliyyat
- ^ "Adam Age and Height".
- ^ Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ismail ibn Ibrahim ibn al-Mughira al-Ja'fai. "Sahih Bukhari Volume 4, Book 55, Number 543".
- ^ William Godwin (1876). "Lives of the Necromancers".
- ^ "Man Lived on Earth Even Before the Advent of Adam". Al Islam.
- ^ Taherzadeh, Adib (1992). The Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 32. ISBN 0-85398-344-5.
- ^ Letter written on behalf of the Universal House of Justice to an individual believer, March 13, 1986. Published in Effendi, Shoghi (1983). Hornby, Helen (Ed.), ed. Lights of Guidance: A Bahá'í Reference File. Bahá'í Publishing Trust, New Delhi, India. p. 500. ISBN 81-85091-46-3.
- ^ a b Taherzadeh, Adib (1977). The Revelation of Bahá'u'lláh, Volume 2: Adrianople 1863–68. Oxford, UK: George Ronald. p. 352. ISBN 0-85398-071-3.
- ^ Hemmat, Amrollah (2008). Adam's Wish: Unknown Poetry of Tahirih. Baha'i Publishing Trust. ISBN 1-890688-36-3.
- ^ "The Night of Departure from Eternity". Gnosis of the Book of Life. Druzenet. 2005. Retrieved 2007-11-22.
According to the Ancient Gnostic Wisdom, Adam and Eve stand for The Wholly Mind and The Wholly Soul – the spiritual parents from where Adamic souls derive their identities.
- Barker, Kenneth (Editor); John H. Stek, Mark L. Strauss, & Ronald F. Youngblood (2008). The NIV Study Bible. Genesus: Zondervan Publishing House. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-310-93896-5.
- Hendel, Ronald S (2000). "Adam". In David Noel Freedman. Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans.
- Mathews, K. A. (1996). Genesis 1-11:26. B&H Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-8054-0101-1.
- Oxford annotated NRSV, editors, Michael D. Coogan, editor ; Marc Z. Brettler, Carol A. Newsom, Pheme Perkins, associate (2007). The new Oxford annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical books : New Revised Standard Version (Augm. 3rd ed. ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-528880-3.


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The Lady Urchins rebounded from a disappointed weekend setback to Mooreville by defeating Myrtle, 7-1, on Tuesday.
After falling 17-0 to Mooreville on Saturday, Stephanie Hardy put East on the board in the first, and behind five hits in the second, the Lady Urchins built a 4-0 lead.
Myrtle's run came in the sixth inning after the Lady Hawks loaded the bases with two outs and walked in a run.
East Union responded, doing the same in the top of the seventh, loading the bases and scoring on a single by Tianna Castillo and walking in two more runs.
Four Lady Urchins had two hits, Callie Frazier, Ashley Leach, Hardy and Castillo. Emily Cook, Lauren Coggin, Kayla Turner and Amber Cook each had two hits for Myrtle.
East Union will play at Ingomar on Thursday and each of the county schools and New Albany will be in action on Saturday, participating in the Robertson's Sportswear Tournament at BNA Bank Park.
East Union rebounds against Myrtle
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Posted on Feb 3rd 2015 2:15PM


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Hampton (Va.) High School senior basketball point guard Anthony "Cat" Barber will make an official recruiting visit to Kansas University Aug. 31-Sept. 2, his mother reported Wednesday.
Pam Barber told SNY.tv that the 6-foot-2 Barber would also visit Louisville (Sept. 7-9), North Carolina State (Sept. 14-16) and Alabama (Sept. 21-23).
The deciding factor will be ... "how important education is for them," Pam said of the college programs. "Just, will Anthony be with someone he's comfortable with? Is someone going to stop him when he's wrong, praise him when he's right?"
KU is also recruiting Barber's Boo Williams AAU teammate Troy Williams, a 6-6 forward from Oak Hill Academy in Mouth of Wilson, Va. Williams, who is ranked No. 41 nationally (Barber is No. 9), lists KU, Kentucky, North Carolina, Alabama, Louisville, Georgetown, South Carolina, Ohio State, Arkansas and Memphis.
"Anything is possible. They may play together. We're just not sure right now," Pam Barber said.
More recruiting: No. 36-rated Semi Ojeleye, a 6-6 senior forward from Ottawa High, has a final list of Duke, Indiana, Oregon and Stanford, Rivals.com reports. ... KU will hold an in-home visit on Sept. 10 with No. 70-rated Demetrius Jackson, a 6-1 senior point guard from Mishawaka, Ind. He has an in-home with Illinois on Sept. 9. ... No. 33-rated Marcus Lee, a 6-9 senior forward from Deer Valley High in Antioch, Calif., will visit Duke on Oct. 27-28, Zagsblog.com reports. He will also visit Louisville (Sept. 7), Kentucky (Oct. 12) and Indiana (Oct. 20). He has set in-home visits with KU (Oct. 6) and Kentucky (Oct. 16) and has already visited UCLA and California unofficially. ... No. 53-rated Tyler Roberson, a 6-8 senior forward from Roselle (N.J). Catholic, has cut his list to 10 schools: KU, Alabama, Florida, Kentucky, Rutgers, Seton Hall, SMU, South Carolina, Syracuse and Villanova.