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Scaffolding collapses onto double-decker bus on busy high street in south-east London
This was the scene after scaffolding collapsed onto a double-decker bus in a busy high street in south London.
Tube workers to strike on Saturday night
London Underground workers are to stage a short strike from Saturday evening in a row over the sacking of a colleague.
'Stop killing and lay down your knives', plead friends of boy, 15, stabbed to death on bike
Friends of a 15-year-old boy stabbed to death as he cycled in north London today called on young people to "stop the killing" and lay down their knives.
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Published: 18 December 2012
Ho, ho, ho. Rev star Tom Hollander made what is becoming a regular cameo appearance at the Tabernacle last night in the Notting Hill Panto, which this year is celebrating its 25th anniversary with Oliver Twisted.
Colin Salmon played a holistic do-gooder, Queenie Ingrams, 19, performed the role of Oliver, and red-wheaded panto baddie Nancy, modelled on Rebekah Brooks, was played by Georgina Sutcliffe. Numerous workhouse street urchins cried out "Pukka! Pukka! Pukka!", demanding that the Jamie Oliver-style cook give them some more of his famous Gastro Gruel.
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ALMOST everywhere, equities, property and bonds look expensive compared with what they used to fetch. Investors have pushed up prices to giddy heights in their search for higher returns. Are there any assets left that still look cheap? Yes, curiously: in Germany.
German shares are undervalued compared with those in America and the rest of Europe (see chart 1). Not only do they trade at lower multiples of earnings than elsewhere; their p/e ratios are also lower than they used to be in Germany itself.
Then there is property. Long the most expensive in Europe, German houses are also starting to look like a bargain. While house prices elsewhere have soared, in Germany they have been falling for most of the past decade. Figures from Barclays Capital, the investment-banking division of Barclays Bank, show that in 1985 the average house cost three times as much in Germany as in the rest of the euro area, while today they cost roughly the same. In relation to incomes, though, German homes are now cheaper than the European average (see chart 2).
Sceptics will argue that Germany's assets are cheap because its future growth prospects are poor. It has been the slowest-growing economy in the euro area for the past ten years, and its GDP figures for the second quarter (due on August 11th) are expected to disappoint again. But the tide may be turning. Corporate Germany is in the throes of a big shake-up among top managers. Even before this began, German firms had hugely improved their competitiveness and profits in recent years by slashing costs. Thanks to faster productivity growth than the euro-zone average, combined with the slowest wage growth, Germany's unit-labour costs have fallen by 10% relative to the euro-zone average over the past five years.
The threat that factories could be moved to central Europe has forced workers at many big German firms to work longer hours or take a pay cut. Government reforms to make labour markets more flexible have also gone further in Germany than in Italy or France. According to Morgan Stanley, an investment bank, more than 30% of Germany's workforce now have part-time or temporary jobs, allowing firms to make better use of workers.
Mainly as a result, companies are pricing themselves back into world markets, and profits have surged. Germany is the only G7 country to have increased its share of world exports over the past five years. The snag is that all this cost-cutting has depressed real domestic demand, which has more or less stagnated for five years. Fears about job security have hurt consumer confidence and spending. This, in turn, makes companies reluctant to expand.
Despite this gloom, analysts at ABN Amro, a Dutch bank, are tipping Germany to become one of the strongest performers in Europe. They point to some tentative signs that stronger profits are starting to make businessmen happier. The Ifo survey of business confidence rose by more than expected in July. And a likely change in government after the general election in September should accelerate reforms and give another fillip to business.
There are also signs that the labour market is stabilising, with unemployment in July falling for the fourth month running. Other indicators confirm that the worst may indeed be over. Job vacancies are 50% higher than a year ago, and the latest survey by Manpower, a recruitment agency, shows a sharp increase in firms' hiring intentions in the third quarter. This is the biggest improvement in the indicator for any large economy in the past year.
Even if Germany's unemployment rate (now 11.6%) remains high, so long as it continues to fall, concerns about losing jobs will ease and consumers may think about opening their wallets. The economists at ABN Amro suggest that the weakness of consumer spending in recent years implies a significant pent-up need to replace durable goods. German households still save 11% of their income, unlike their house-rich American counterparts who, according to the latest figures, now save exactly 0%. So there is scope for a modest fall in saving—hence a bigger rise in spending—once Germany's consumer angst fades.
Improved employment prospects are only one reason why the economy may be set to pick up. House prices too, have room to rise—unlike in most other countries. And if both consumer spending and property prices recover, they are likely to reinforce each other.
A new report by Merrill Lynch, an investment bank, reckons there is a good chance that German house prices could take off. The rate of home ownership in Germany, at 44%, is the lowest in the rich world. Much of the housing stock is owned by companies or by regional and central governments, many of which are now being forced to sell their portfolios in order to raise money.
In the short term, this additional supply could keep prices low. But if home ownership becomes more widespread, prices should rise eventually. So far, the properties are mainly being snapped up by foreign financial institutions, but this could be a half-way house to wider owner-occupancy and higher prices. Merrill Lynch says that private-equity firms and banks will want to realise the value of their portfolios. Some investors, such as Terra Firma, a British private-equity firm, have already linked up with mortgage providers to finance and sell properties to tenants.
Faster productivity growth, stronger consumer spending and rising asset prices? Germany's "new economy" may be waiting in the wings.

subset: commoncrawl


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PUBLISHED: 23 Mar 2012 00:08:00 | UPDATED: 23 Mar 2012 12:31:56PUBLISHED: 23 Mar 2012 PRINT EDITION: 23 Mar 2012The Federal Government is pressing ahead with measures to harmonise the disparate medley of customer satisfaction surveys inherited by the new Department of Human Services.
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POPSUGAR Celebrity 2011 Oscars Vanity Fair Party by Allie Merriam 2/28/11 13 Shares Like us on Facebook Previous Photo 1 of 101 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Share This Link Copy 1 Vanity Fair Party Previous Photo 1 of 101 View on One Page ADVERTISEMENT ( more slides) Next Read More 2011 Oscars 2011 Oscars A Look Back at Our Favorite Oscars Red Carpet Looks Video: A Guide to the Oscars' Most Memorable Speeches Kissy Face: Love in the Oscar Press Room Throughout the Years Announcing the Winner of the 2011 Oscar Giveaway! Get the scoop with our daily newsletter Enjoy the latest news on the celebs you love. Young Hollywood A Listers TV Movies Sign up with Link Love Selena Gomez shares an inspiring message with her fans — Us Weekly Oh no, Lupita Nyong'o's Oscars dress was stolen! — HuffPost Celebrity A full recap of Taylor Swift's Brit Awards night — Lainey Gossip Why did Lindsay Lohan get slapped with a restraining order? — Dlisted Kristin Chenoweth's triumphant return to Broadway is here — JustJared Even Miley Cyrus shops at Trader Joe's, obviously — Hollywood Tuna Get a first listen to Jennifer Lopez's new song — Pink Is the New Blog Jon Stewart calls out Fox News in the best way — The Superficial Latest Celebrity
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The district throws up several issues that require the urgent attention of the Oommen Chandy government in the State, which assumed office on Wednesday.
One challenge before the government is getting the work started on the proposed railway coach factory at Kanjikode. During the election campaign, the United Democratic Front (UDF) leaders had promised to initiate steps to make the factory a reality, if returned to power.
The previous government had handed over about 175 hectares of land free to Railways for setting up the factory. The project found a mention in the last three Railway budgets, but no fund had been allocated.
The district, which produces nearly half the paddy produced in the State, is facing an agricultural crisis. The increasing cost of production, the low income from paddy cultivation, and a shortage of labour leave the paddy farmers distressed.
Large areas of paddy fields are being reclaimed for growing cash crops and real-estate development. These fields are natural reservoirs of rainwater, helping to lock it in as groundwater. Reclamation means the water table falls.
In Chittur, the farmers face a shortage of water for irrigating the fields. The area gets only 7.25 tmcft (thousand million cubic feet) of water a year from the inter-State Parambikulam Aliyar Project. Tamil Nadu is yet to consider Kerala's demand for a higher share of water. Cultivation has thus been affected on 18,200 hectares of land under the Chitturpuzha irrigation scheme.
The Bharathapuzha, the lifeline of the district, has suffered at the hands of sand-miners and encroachers, with drinking-water supply affected in hundreds of grama panchayat areas. The longest river of the State vanishes in the summer. Experts and activists here say implementing the Bharathapuzha Action Plan should be a priority of the new government.
The tribal people continue to face problems despite the hundreds of crores of rupees spent in the name of their welfare. Some multinational companies had encroached up on land in the tribal heartland of Attappady for erecting windmill units. The UDF had raised the issue while in the Opposition, blaming the then government for the trespass. The new government is hence expected to take urgent steps to clear the encroachments.
The previous government has decided to wind up the Attappady Hill Area Development Society on completion of the implementation of a Rs.219-crore environment and tribal empowerment project. The project did not solve many problems of the tribal people. So the new government has to decide whether to revive it or not.
The industrial units, especially the textile companies at Kanjikode, have been facing a crisis. Some of the units have even been closed down. These are a challenge before the new government.


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Im a fella who some of my friends say will never slow down. I feel
younger than I am, do more than I probably should. My spare time is
spent working on media projects, cars and progamming,
entertainment/internet stuff (Whew thats alot) martial arts (Not
necessarily that order).. Recently moved back from out west to
completed that lingering degree
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This March 22, 2013, file photo shows the setting sun reflected in the windows of the U.S. Capitol in Washington. If thereís one word that describes how Americans feel about politics these days, itís ìnegative.î Majorities disapprove of Congress and the president and say the nation is heading in the wrong direction. Few trust their political leaders to make the right decisions, and some polls suggest voters would like to see the whole lot turned out next November. (AP Photo/Alex Brandon) ORG XMIT: WX101
Ben Carson apologizes for saying being gay is a choice
GOP presidential hopeful says he regrets "hurtful and divisive" comments made during CNN interview.
Chris Van Hollen to seek Maryland Senate seat
Rep. Chris Van Hollen jumps into the race to replace Sen. Barbara Mikulski.
Sestak kicks off Senate bid with walk across state
Democrat Joe Sestak made it official Wednesday: He'll seek a rematch against Republican Sen. Pat Toomey in 2016.
Carson says being gay is a choice — citing prisons
Ben Carson says homosexuality is a choice; scientists object.
Poll: Lindsey Graham lacks home-state support for 2016 bid
Six in 10 residents in Lindsey Graham's home state of South Carolina say the Republican senator should not seek the presidency, according to a new poll.
Scott Walker says he'll back 20-week abortion ban
Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker is jumping into a debate that may play a major role in next year's election: abortion.
GOP group blasts immigration hardliner for stance on DHS bill
GOP group launches ads against Rep. Jim Jordan for his opposition to a DHS funding bill that doesn't include provisions blocking President Obama's immigration actions.


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"The harder you work, the luckier you get." by Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled Floating On Fate which was written by poet James Fredholm. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
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I can't describe, But I do try, I don't know who I am, I don't know why. So many good songs, For me and for you. Let's work this feeling, It's made for two. It seems like forever, I know it's just, I'm still a believer, Builder of trust. No chance to explain, Just have to wait. So much to contain, Floating on fate.


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David Holdsworth leaves job as Lincoln City manager
Posted: February 17, 2013
|David Holdsworth has left his position as manager of Lincoln City by mutual consent.
In a statement on the club's official website, the board of directors thanked Holdsworth for his efforts during his time at the club.
The news comes just a day after the Imps' 3-2 defeat at Hereford United which left the club 18th in the Blue Square Bet Premier.


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A high speed sport in which players try to throw a disc so fast or with so much movement that members of the opposing team cannot catch it cleanly with one hand. Teams take turns throwing and catching until a score of 21 is reached.
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Open AccessThis article is
MDPI and ACS Style
- freely available
- re-usable
Sensors 2009, 9(6), 4455-4464; doi:10.3390/s90604455
A High Isolation Series-Shunt RF MEMS Switch
Received: 13 May 2009 / Revised: 20 May 2009 / Accepted: 22 May 2009 / Published: 5 June 2009
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 1st International Conference of the Chinese Society of Micro/Nano Technology)
Abstract: This paper presents a wide band compact high isolation microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) switch implemented on a coplanar waveguide (CPW) with three ohmic switch cells, which is based on the series-shunt switch design. The ohmic switch shows a low intrinsic loss of 0.1 dB and an isolation of 24.8 dB at 6 GHz. The measured average pull-in voltage is 28 V and switching time is 47 µs. In order to shorten design period of the high isolation switch, a structure-based small-signal model for the 3-port ohmic MEMS switch is developed and parameters are extracted from the measured results. Then a high isolation switch has been developed where each 3-port ohmic MEMS switch is closely located. The agreement of the measured and modeled radio frequency (RF) performance demonstrates the validity of the electrical equivalent model. Measurements of the series-shunt switch indicate an outstanding isolation of more than 40 dB and a low insertion loss of 0.35 dB from DC to 12 GHz with total chip size of 1 mm × 1.2 mm.
series-shunt; RF MEMS switch; metal-contact; electrical model
This is an open access article distributed under the
Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Export to BibTeX | EndNote
MDPI and ACS Style
Yu, Y.-W.; Zhu, J.; Jia, S.-X.; Shi, Y. A High Isolation Series-Shunt RF MEMS Switch. Sensors 2009, 9, 4455-4464.
AMA StyleYu Y-W, Zhu J, Jia S-X, Shi Y. A High Isolation Series-Shunt RF MEMS Switch. Sensors. 2009; 9(6):4455-4464.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYu, Yuan-Wei; Zhu, Jian; Jia, Shi-Xing; Shi, Yi. 2009. "A High Isolation Series-Shunt RF MEMS Switch." Sensors 9, no. 6: 4455-4464.


text: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Costa Rica Costa Rica Republic of Costa Rica República de Costa Rica July 2009 estimate Density 4,253,877 (119th) 85/km2 (107th) 220/sq mi 2008 estimate $48.741 billion[1] $10,752[1] 2008 estimate $29.828 billion[1] $6,580[1] 49.9 (high) ▲ 0.847 (high) (50th) Costa Rican colón (CRC) (UTC-6) right .cr +506 GDP (PPP) Total Per capita GDP (nominal) Total Per capita Gini (2001) HDI (2008) Currency Time zone Drives on the Internet TLD Calling code Capital (and largest city) Official languages Recognised regional languages Ethnic groups San José 9°55′N 84°4′W / 9.917°N 84.067°W / 9.917; -84.067 Flag Coat of arms Anthem: Noble patria, tu hermosa bandera (Spanish) "Noble homeland, your beautiful flag" Spanish Mekatelyu 94% White, Castizo and Mestizo 3.0%, West African, 1.0% Amerindian, 1.0% Chinese, 1.0% Other Costa Rican Constitutional democracy (Presidential republic) Demonym Government President Vice President Oscar Arias (PLN) unoccupied from Spain (via Guatemala) September 14, 1821 May 10, 1850 1838 51,100 km2 (128th) 19,730 sq mi 0.7 Independence Declared Recognized by Spain from the UPCA Area Total Water (%) Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica (Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica, Spanish pronunciation: [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkosta ˈrika]) is a country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the east and south, the Pacific Ocean to the west and south and the Caribbean Sea to the east. Costa Rica, which translates literally as "Rich Coast", was the first country in the world to constitutionally abolish its army.[2] Among Latin American countries, Costa Rica ranks 4th in terms of the 2007 Human Development Index. The country is ranked 5th in the world, and 1st among the Americas, in terms of the 2008 Environmental Performance Index.[3][4] In 2007 the Costa Rican government announced plans for Costa Rica to become the first carbon neutral country by 2021.[5][6][7] History In Pre-Columbian times the indigenous people, in what is now known as Costa Rica, were part of the international Intermediate Area located between the Mesoamerican and Andean cultural regions. This has recently been updated to include the influence of the Population 1 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Costa Rica themselves. For all these reasons Costa Rica was by and large unappreciated and overlooked by the Crown and left to develop on its own. It is believed that the circumstances during this period led to the formation of many of the idiosyncrasies that Costa Rica has become known for, while at the same time setting the stage for Costa Rica's development as a more egalitarian society than the rest of its neighbors. Costa Rica became a "rural democracy" with no oppressed mestizo or indigenous class. It was not long before Spanish settlers turned to the hills, where they found rich volcanic soil and a climate that was milder than that of the lowlands.[12] Costa Rica joined other Central American provinces in 1821 in a joint declaration of independence from Spain. After a brief time in the Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide Costa Rica became a state in the Federal Republic of Central America from 1823 to 1839. In 1824 the capital was moved to San José, but violence briefly ensued through an intense rivalry with Cartago. Although the newly independent provinces formed a Federation, border disputes broke out among them, adding to the region's turbulent history and conditions. Costa Rica's membership in the newly formed Federal Republic of Central America, free of Spanish rule, was short lived; in 1838, long after the Central American Federation ceased to function in practice, Costa Rica formally withdrew and proclaimed itself sovereign. The distance from Guatemala City to the Central Valley of Costa Rica, where most of the population lived and still lives, was great. The local population had little allegiance to the government in Guatemala City, in part because of the history of isolation during Colonial times. Costa Rica's disinterest in participating as a province in a greater Central American government was one of the deciding factors in the break-up of the fledgling federation into independent states, which still exist today. However, all of the Central American nations still celebrate September 15 as their independence day, which pertains to the independence of Central America from Spain. Most Afro-Costa Ricans, who constitute about 3% of the country's population, descend from Jamaican immigrants who arrived during the 1880s to work in the construction of railways connecting the urban populations Quepos coastline as seen from the Tarrazu highlands, Costa Rica Isthmo-Colombian area. It was the point where the Mesoamerican and South American native cultures met. The northwest of the country, the Nicoya Peninsula, was the southernmost point of Nahuatl (named after Nitin) cultural influence when the Spanish conquerors (conquistadores) came in the sixteenth century. The central and southern portions of the country had Chibcha influences. However, the indigenous people have influenced modern Costa Rican culture to a relatively small degree, as most of these died from diseases such as smallpox[8] and mistreatment by the Spaniards. The first European to reach what is now Costa Rica was Christopher Columbus in 1502.[9] During Spanish Colonial times, the largest city in Central America was Guatemala City. Costa Rica's distance from this hub led to difficulty in establishing trade routes and was one of the reasons that Costa Ricans developed in relative isolation and with little oversight from the Spanish Monarchy ("The Crown"). While this isolation allowed the colony to develop free of intervention by The Crown, it also contributed to its failure to share in the prosperity of the Colonies, making Costa Rica the poorest Spanish Colony in Central America.[10] Costa Rica was described as "the poorest and most miserable Spanish colony in all Americas" by a Spanish governor in 1719.[11] Another contributing factor to this poverty was the lack of indigenous people used as forced labor. While many Spaniards in the other colonies had tribal members working on their land, most of the Costa Rican settlers had to work on their own land 2 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Costa Rica and forced into exile. Again in 1948, José Figueres Ferrer led an armed uprising in the wake of a disputed presidential election. With more than 2,000 dead, the resulting 44-day Costa Rican Civil War was the bloodiest event in Costa Rica during the twentieth-century. Afterwards, the new, victorious government junta, led by the opposition, abolished the military and oversaw the drafting of a new constitution by a democratically-elected assembly. Having enacted these reforms, the regime finally relinquished its power on November 8, 1949, to the new democratic government. After the coup d'etat, Figueres became a national hero, winning the country's first democratic election under the new constitution in 1953. Since then, Costa Rica has held 12 presidential elections, the latest being in 2006. All of them have been widely regarded by the international community as peaceful, transparent, and relatively smooth transitions. Geography See also: List of volcanoes in Costa Rica, Islands of Costa Rica, and Category:Waterfalls of Costa Rica A Pre-Columbian incense burner with a crocodile lid (500 - 1350 CE), from Costa Rica. of the Central Plateau to the port of Limón on the Caribbean coast.[13] United States convicts and Chinese immigrants also participated in the construction project, conducted by U.S. businessman Minor C. Keith. In exchange for completing the railroad, the Costa Rican government granted Keith large tracts of land and a lease on the train route, which he used to produce bananas and export them to the United States. As a result, bananas came to rival coffee as the principal Costa Rican export, while foreign-owned corporations (including the United Fruit Company) began to hold a major role in the national economy. Historically, Costa Rica has generally enjoyed greater peace and more consistent political stability compared with many of its fellow Latin American nations. Since the late nineteenth century, however, Costa Rica has experienced two significant periods of violence. In 1917-19, Federico Tinoco Granados ruled as a dictator until he was overthrown Hatham beach at Isla del coco. Costa Rica is located on the Central American isthmus, 10° North of the equator and 84° West of the Prime Meridian. It borders both the Caribbean Sea (to the east) and the North Pacific Ocean (to the west), with a total of 1,290 kilometers (802 mi) of coastline (212 km / 132 mi on the Caribbean coast and 1,016 km / 631 mi on the Pacific Costa Rica also borders Nicaragua to the north (309 km / 192 mi of border) and Panama to the south-southeast (639 km / 397 mi of border). In total, Costa Rica 3 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia comprises 51,100 square kilometers (19,730 sq. mi) plus 589.000 square kilometers of territorial waters. The highest point in the country is Cerro Chirripó, at 3,820 metres (12,532 ft), and is the fifth highest peak in Central America. The highest volcano in the country is the Irazú Volcano (3,431 m / 11,257 ft). The largest lake in Costa Rica is Lake Arenal. Costa Rica also comprises several islands. Cocos Island stands out because of its distance from continental landmass (24 km² / 9.25 sq mi, 300 mi (480 km) from Puntarenas coast), but Calero Island is the largest island of the country (151.6 km² / 58.5 sq mi). Costa Rica protects 23% of its national territory within the Protected Areas system. It also possesses the greatest density of species in the world.[14] Costa Rica democracy, making it one of the most stable countries in the region. Costa Rica has been able to avoid the widespread violence that has plagued most of Latin America. Costa Rica is a republic with three powers: executive responsibilities are vested in a president, legislative power is vested on the Legislative Assembly, and Judicial power is vested on the Supreme Court. There are two vice presidents as well as a cabinet designated by the president. The president, vice presidents, and fifty-seven Legislative Assembly delegates are elected for four-year terms. A constitutional amendment approved in 1969 limited presidents and delegates to one term, although delegates were allowed to run again for an Assembly seat after sitting out a term. The Supreme Electoral Body, the Office of the Comptroller General, the Office of the Procurator General of the Republic and the Office of the Ombudsman also enjoy a lot of independence. The Supreme Court is divided into four chambers, one dealing with Constitutional Law, one dealing with Criminal Law and two dealing with Civil Law, Merchant Law and the like. In April 2003, the constitutional amendment ban on presidential re-election was reversed, allowing Óscar Arias (Nobel Peace Prize laureate, 1987) to run for president for a second term. In 2006, Óscar Arias was reelected in a tight and highly contested election, running on a platform of promoting free trade. He took office on May 8, 2006. Certain autonomous state agencies enjoy considerable operational independence; they include the telecommunications and electrical power monopoly, the nationalized commercial banks, the state insurance monopoly, and the social security agency. Costa Rica has no military by constitution. Government See also: Military of Costa Rica Óscar Arias, Nobel Peace Prize winner, President of Costa Rica (1986-1990, 2006-present). Costa Rica is a democratic republic with a strong constitution. Although there are claims that the country has had more than 115 years of uninterrupted democracy,[15] their presidential election history shows otherwise. Nonetheless, the country has had at least fifty-nine years of uninterrupted Provinces, cantons, and districts Costa Rica is composed of seven provinces, which in turn are divided into 81 cantons ("cantón" in Spanish, plural "cantones"), each of which is directed by a mayor. Mayors are chosen democratically every four years by each canton's people. There are no provincial legislatures. The cantons are further divided into districts (distritos). The provinces are: 4 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Costa Rica A coffee plantation in the Orosi Valley. growth.[17] Costa Rica is also the Latin American pioneer in the implementation of a modern welfare state. Its welfare spending is as high as that of Scandinavian countries. The central government offers tax exemptions for those who are willing to invest in the country. Several global high tech corporations have already started developing in the area exporting goods including chip manufacturer Intel, pharmaceutical company GlaxoSmithKline, and consumer products company Procter & Gamble. In 2006 Intel's microprocessor facility alone was responsible for 20% of Costa Rican exports and 4.9% of the country's GDP.[18][19] Trade with South East Asia and Russia has boomed during 2004 and 2005, and the country is expected to obtain full Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) membership by 2007 (the country became an observer in 2004). For the fiscal year 2005, the country showed a government deficit of 2.1%, internal revenue increased an 18%, and exports increased a 12.8%. Revised economic figures released by the Central Bank indicate that economic growth stood at 5%, nevertheless the country faced high inflation (14%) and a trade deficit of 5.2%. As of 2007, Costa Rica's inflation rate stands at 9.30%, Latin America's 4th highest inflation rate.[16] In recent times electronics, pharmaceuticals, financial outsourcing, software development, and ecotourism have become the prime industries in Costa Rica's economy. High levels of education among its residents make the country an attractive investing location. Since 1999, tourism earns more foreign exchange than the combined exports of the country's three main cash crops: bananas, pineapples and coffee.[20] Coffee production Provinces of Costa Rica. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Alajuela Cartago Guanacaste Heredia Limón Puntarenas San José Economy Intel microprocessor facility in Costa Rica is responsible for 20% of Costa Rican exports and 4.9% of the country's GDP. According to the CIA World Factbook, Costa Rica's GDP per capita is US$13,500 PPP (2007 estimate); however, this developing country still faces the fourth highest inflation rate in Latin America, lack of maintenance and new investment in infrastructure, over 16% of the people were below the poverty line (2006 estimate) and a 5.5% unemployment rate (2007 estimate).[16] The Costa Rican economy grew nearly 5% in 2006 after experiencing four years of slow economic 5 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia has played a key role in Costa Rica's history and economy and by 2006 was the third cash crop export.[20] The largest coffee growing areas are in the provinces of San José, Alajuela, Heredia, Puntarenas, and Cartago. Costa Rica is famous for its gourmet coffee beans, with Costa Rican Tarrazú among the finest Arabica coffee beans in the world used for making espresso coffee, together with Jamaican Blue Mountain, Guatemalan Antigua and Ethiopian Sidamo.[21][22][23][24] The unit of currency is the colón, which trades around 575[25] to the U.S. dollar; currently about 710 to the euro. On October 16, 2006, a new currency exchange system was introduced, allowing the value of the CRC colón to float between two bands as done previously by Chile. The idea is that by doing so the Central Bank will be able to better tackle inflation and discourage the use of U.S. dollars. Since that time, the value of the colón against the dollar has stabilized. Costa Rica's location provides access to American markets as it has the same time zone as the central part of the United States and direct ocean access to Europe and Asia. A countrywide referendum has approved a free trade agreement with the United States. In the referendum on October 7, 2007, the voters of Costa Rica narrowly backed the free trade agreement, with 51.6% of "Yes" votes.[26] Costa Rica highest in the Caribbean Basin. Most of the tourists come from the U.S. and Canada (46%), and Europe (16%).[28] In 2005, tourism contributed with 8.1% of the country's GNP and represented 13.3% of direct and indirect employment.[29] Tourism now earns more foreign exchange than bananas and coffee combined.[20][30] Ecotourism is extremely popular with the many tourists visiting the extensive national parks and protected areas around the country. Costa Rica was a pioneer in this type of tourism, and the country is recognized as one of the few with real ecotourism.[31] In the 2009 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, Costa Rica ranked 42nd in the world and first among Latin American countries.[32] Just considering the sub-index natural resources, Costa Rica ranks 6th worldwide in terms of the natural resources pillar, but 89th in terms of its cultural resources. Foreign affairs Costa Rica is an active member of the United Nations and the Organization of American States. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the United Nations University of Peace are based in Costa Rica. The Costa Rican State is also a member of many other international organizations related to human rights and democracy. Costa Rica holds as a main foreign policy objective is to foster human rights and sustainable development as a way to secure stability and growth. Costa Rica is a member of the International Criminal Court, without a Bilateral Immunity Agreement of protection for the United States military (as covered under Article 98). Costa Rica also has a long-term disagreement with Nicaragua over the San Juan River which denotes the border between the two countries; the disagreement originates from the fact that the river, being Nicaraguan soil, is the only way of access to several communities in Costa Rica which need to be served by armed Costa Rican police forces. On June 1, 2007, Costa Rica broke ties with the Republic of China in Taiwan, switching allegiance to the People's Republic of China in mainland China.[33] Costa Rica is currently a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council, having been elected for a non- Poás Volcano Crater is one of the country's main tourist attractions. With a $2.2 billion per year tourism industry, Costa Rica stands as the most visited nation in the Central American region, with 2.0 million foreign visitors in 2008,[27] which translates into a relatively high expenditure per tourist of $1,100 per trip, and a rate of foreign tourists per capita of 0.46, one of the 6 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia renewable two-year term in the 2007 election. Its term expires on 31 December 2009; this is Costa Rica's sixth time on the Security Council. Costa Rica areas,[36][37] the largest percentual of protected areas in the world.[38][39] One national park that is internationally renowned among ecologists for its biodiversity (including big cats and tapirs) and where visitors can expect to see an abundance of wildlife is the Corcovado National Park.[40][41] Corocovado is the one park in Costa Rica where all four Costa Rican monkey species can be found.[42] These include the White-headed Capuchin, the Mantled Howler and the endangered Geoffroy's Spider Monkey.[42][43] They also include the Central American Squirrel Monkey, which is found only on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica and a small part of Panama, and was considered endangered until 2008 when its status was upgraded to vulnerable.[44] Tortuguero National Park — the name Tortuguero can be translated as "Full of Turtles" — is home to spider, howler and white-throated Capuchin monkeys, the threetoed sloth, 320 species of birds, and a variety of reptiles, but the park is recognized for the annual nesting of the endangered green turtle and is the most important nesting site for the species. Giant leatherback, hawksbill, and loggerhead turtles also nest there. The Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve is home to about 2,000 plant species,[45] including numerous orchids. Over four hundred types of birds and over one hundred species of mammals can be found there.[45] As a whole, around eight hundred species of birds have been identified in Costa Rica. The Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad is allowed to collect royalties on any biological discoveries of medical importance. Costa Rica and parts of Panama are home to the vulnerable Central American Squirrel Monkey. Deforestation, illegal pet-trading and hunting are the main reasons for its threatened status. Costa Rica is also a center of biological diversity for reptiles and amphibians, including the world's fastest living lizard, the spinytailed iguana (Ctenosaura similis).[46] Flora and fauna An anhinga drying its feathers. Heliconius doris Linnaeus butterfly of Costa Rica See also: Wildlife of Costa Rica and List of birds of Costa Rica Costa Rica is home to a rich variety of plants and animals. While the country has only about 0.1% of the world's landmass, it contains 5% of the world's biodiversity.[34][35] Around 25% of the country's land area is in protected national parks and protected Demographics Costa Rica has a population of 4,253,877. The combined white and Mestizo groups constitute 94% of the population, while 3% are Black/Afro-Caribbean, 1% Amerindian, 1% Chinese and 1% are of other ethnic groups[47] The exact breakdown, however, is 7 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia not known because the Costa Rican census combines whites and Mestizos in one category. The white population is primarily of Spaniard ancestry[48] with significant numbers of Costa Ricans of Italian, German, Jewish and Polish descent. Just under 3% of the population is of black African descent. The majority of the AfroCosta Ricans are Creole English-speaking descendants of nineteenth century black Jamaican immigrant workers, as well as slaves who were brought during the Atlantic slave trade. The indigenous or Amerindian population numbers around 1%, or over 41,000 individuals. A significant portion of the population descends from a bi-racial mix of local Amerindians and Spaniards; most live in secluded Indian reservations in the Cordillera de Talamanca or Guanacaste. There is also an expatriate community of people from the United States, Canada, Germany, Netherlands, Britain, and other countries. Costa Rica hosts many refugees, mainly from Colombia and Nicaragua. As a result, an estimated 10% of the Costa Rican population is made up of Nicaraguans,[49] most of whom migrate for seasonal work opportunities and then return to their country. Moreover, Costa Rica took in many refugees from a range of other Latin American countries fleeing civil wars and dictatorships during the 1970s and 80s—notably from Chile and Argentina, as well as El Salvador who fled from guerrillas and government death squads.[50] Costa Rica Christianity is the predominant religion in Costa Rica, and Roman Catholicism is the official state religion as guaranteed by the constitution of 1949. Some 84% of Costa Ricans are Christian,[51] and like many other parts of Latin America, Evangelical Protestant denominations have been experiencing rapid growth. However, 70% still adhere to Roman Catholicism.[51] Because of the recent small but continuous immigration of communities from Asia, the Middle East, and other places, other religions have grown, the most popular being Buddhism (because of an increasing Chinese community of 40,000), and smaller numbers of Jewish, Muslim, Bahá'í and Hindu adherents. There is a Jewish synagogue, the B'nei Israel Congregation, in San José, near the La Sabana Metropolitan Park. Several homes in the neighborhood east of La Sabana Metropolitan Park are festooned with the Star of David and other recognizable Jewish symbols.[52] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has seen modest growth in Costa Rica in the last 40 years and has built one of only two temples in Central America in the San Antonio de Belen region of Heredia.[53] Languages See also: Central American Spanish and voseo The only official language is Spanish. There are two main accents native to Costa Rica, the standard Costa Rican and the Nicoyan. The Nicoyan accent is very similar to the standard Nicaraguan accent.[54] A peculiarity of the Spanish in Costa Rica is the relative lack of the use of the pronoun tú, which is considered rather informal by native Costa Ricans. Instead, Costa Ricans use vos or usted. The conjugation of vos in Costa Rica is practically the same as in Argentina, with the exception of the subjunctive forms. Jamaican immigrants in the 19th century brought with them a dialect of English that has evolved into the Mekatelyu creole dialect. Religion Culture Church of Our Lady of the Angels, during 2007 pilgrimage. See also: Costa Rican cuisine Costa Rica boasts a varied history. Costa Rica was the point where the Mesoamerican and 8 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Costa Rica reggae, and reggaeton are popular and common among the youth (especially urban youth) while dance-oriented genres like soca, salsa, bachata, merengue, cumbia and Costa Rican swing. The guitar is a popular instrument especially as an accompaniment to folk dances. Education The literacy rate in Costa Rica is of 95%,[55] one of the highest in Latin America. Elementary and high schools are found throughout the country in practically every community. Universal public education is guaranteed in the constitution. Primary education is obligatory, and both preschool and high school are free. There are both state and private universities. There are only a few schools in Costa Rica that go beyond the 12th grade. Students who finish 11th grade receive a Costa Rican Bachillerato Diploma accredited by the Costa Rican Ministry of Education. Inside of the Teatro Nacional de Costa Rica, the Costa Rican national theater. International rankings (1) Worldwide ranking among countries evaluated. See notes (3) and (4) also (2) Ranking among the 20 Latin American countries (Puerto Rico is not included). (3) Ranking among 108 developing countries with available data only. (4) Ranking among 71 developing countries with available data only. Countries in the sample surveyed between 1990-2005. Refers to population below income poverty line as define by the World Bank's $2 per day indicator Costa Rican breakfast with Gallo Pinto. South American native cultures met. The northwest of the country, the Nicoya peninsula, was the southernmost point of Nahuatl cultural influence when the Spanish conquerors (conquistadores) came in the sixteenth century. The central and southern portions of the country had Chibcha influences. The Atlantic coast, meanwhile, was populated with African workers during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Costa Rican popular music genres include: American and British rock and roll, pop, (5) Because the Gini coefficient used for the ranking corresponds to different years depending of the country, and the underlying household surveys differ in method and in the type of data collected, the distribution data are not strictly comparable across countries. The ranking therefore is only a proxy for reference purposes. (6) The Life Satisfaction Index study was performed by the Inter-American Development Bank among 24 countries in the Latin American and the Caribbean region, based on IDB calculations based on Gallup World Poll 2006 2007 and World Development Indicators. Therefore, it is a regional index. 9 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Index (Year) Author / Editor / Source Yale University[4] Costa Rica Year of Countries World Ranking publication sampled Ranking(1) Latin America(2) 2008 2007-08 2007-08 2007 2007 2008 2007 2008 2009 149 108 71 169 167 140 111 104 133 5 5 8 21 25 34 35 38 42 1 4 3 1 1 3 3 4 1 Environmental Performance (2008) Human Poverty, HPI-1 United Nations (2005)(3) (UNDP)[56] Poverty below $2 a day United Nations (1990-2005)(4) (UNDP)[57] Press Freedom (2007) Democracy (2006) Global Peace (2008) Quality-of-life (2005) Prosperity Index (2008) Travel and Tourism Competitiveness (2009) Reporters Without Borders[58] The Economist[59] The Economist[60] The Economist[61] Legatum Institute[62] World Economic Forum[63] Corruption Perception Transparency Inter(2008) national[64] Economic Freedom (2008) Human Development (2006) Global Competitiveness (2008) Income inequality (1989-2007)(5) The Wall Street Journal[65] United Nations (UNDP) [66] World Economic Forum[67] United Nations (UNDP)[68] 2008 2008 2008 2008-09 180 162 179 134 47 49 50 59 100 n.a(6) 3 5 5 3 5 1 2007-2008 126 2008 24 Life Satisfaction Index Inter-American (2006-2007) (6) Development Bank[69] See also 2008 Environmental Scorecard at World Economic Forum". http://www.yale.edu/ opa/newsr/08-01-23-04.all.html. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. [4] ^ Yale Center for Environmental Law & [1] ^ "Costa Rica". International Monetary Policy / Center for International Earth Fund. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ Science Information Network at ft/weo/2009/01/weodata/ Columbia University. "Environmental weorept.aspx?sy=2006&ey=2009&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=238&s=NGDPD% Performance Index 2008, Metrics for Retrieved on 2009-04-22. Costa Rica". http://epi.yale.edu/ [2] El Espíritu del 48. "Abolición del CostaRica. Retrieved on 2008-03-09. Ejército". http://www.elespiritudel48.org/ [5] John Burnett (2008-02-18). "Costa Rica docu/h013.htm. Retrieved on Aims to Be a Carbon-Neutral Nation". 2008-03-09. (Spanish) National Public Radio (NPR.org). [3] Yale Center for Environmental Law & http://www.npr.org/templates/story/ Policy / Center for International Earth story.php?storyId=19141333. Retrieved Science Information Network at on 2009-04-27. Columbia University. "Switzerland Tops References 10 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Costa Rica [6] Alana Herro (2007-03-12). "Costa Rica [20] ^ Departamento de Estadísticas ICT Aims to Become First "Carbon Neutral" (2006). "Anuário Estadísticas de Country". Worldwatch Institute. Demanda 2006" (in Spanish) (PDF). http://www.worldwatch.org/node/4958. Intituto Costarricense de Turismo. Retrieved on 2009-04-27. http://www.visitcostarica.com/ict/ [7] Alejandro Vargas (2007-02-21). "País backoffice/treeDoc/files/ quiere ser primera nación con balance Anuario%20de%20Turismo%202006%20(VERSION% neutro de carbono" (in Spanish). La Retrieved on 2008-07-29. Table 44 and Nación. http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/ 45 2007/febrero/21/aldea1002694.html. [21] Revista VEJA (2008-07-31). "Os melhores Retrieved on 2009-04-27. grãos do mundo" (in Portuguese). [8] The Story Of... Smallpox Editora Abril. http://veja.abril.com.br/ [9] Geographia Accessed on Nov 22, 2007. 300708/p_140.shtml. Retrieved on [10] "A Brief History of Costa Rica: Colonial 2008-07-29. Edition 2071. Print edition Times". http://www.horizontes.com/en/ pp. 140 history.html. Retrieved on 2007-12-21. [22] Betty Fussell (1999-09-05). "The World [11] Shafer, D. Michael (1994). Winners and Before Starbucks". The New York Times. losers: how sectors shape the http://query.nytimes.com/gst/ developmental prospects of states. fullpage.html?res=9400E0D7173BF936A3575AC0A9 Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. Retrieved on 2008-07-29. ISBN 0-8014-8188-0. [23] Florence Fabricant (1992-09-02). [12] Costa Rica - Cartago "Americans Wake Up and Smell the [13] "Blacks of Costa Rica". World Culture Coffee". The New York Times. Encyclopedia. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/ http://www.everyculture.com/Middlefullpage.html?res=9E0CE3DB153FF931A3575AC0A9 America-Caribbean/Blacks-of-CostaRetrieved on 2008-07-29. Rica.html. Retrieved on 2007-11-23. [24] "Ferris Gourmet Coffee Beans: Single [14] estudiofi origin coffees". Ferris Coffee & Nuts. [15] "Costa Rica". Youth Challenge http://www.ferriscoffee.com/coffee.html. International. 2005. http://www.yci.org/ Retrieved on 2008-07-29. html/programs/countries/costarica.asp. [25] Banco Central de Costa Rica Retrieved on 2008-02-18. [26] Latinamerica Press [16] ^ "Rank Order - Inflation rate (consumer [27] Hassel Fallas (2008-12-18). "Llegada de prices)". CIA World Factbook. turistas dejará $2.200 millones este año" https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/ (in Spanish). La Nación. the-world-factbook/geos/cs.html. http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/2008/ Retrieved on 2008-02-14. diciembre/18/economia1815172.html. [17] "Costa Rica: Economy". U.S. State Retrieved on 2009-04-27. Department. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ [28] "Informe de Encuestas IV Trimestre ei/bgn/2019.htm. Retrieved on 2006. Aeropuerto Internacional Juan 2007-11-02. Santamaria" (in Spanish). Instituto [18] "Intel supone el 4,9 por ciento del PIB de Costarricense de Turismo. 2006. Costa Rica" (in Spanish). El Economista. http://www.visitcostarica.com/ict/ 2006-10-06. http://eleconomista.es/ paginas/modEst/ empresas-finanzas/noticias/81837/10/06/ estudios_estadisticas.asp?idIdioma=2. Intel-supone-el-49-por-ciento-del-PIB-deRetrieved on 2008-06-06. 2006 Annual Costa-Rica.html. Retrieved on Survey from the Costa Rican Board of 2008-04-13. Tourism (ICT) [19] "Intel fabrica el procesador "más veloz [29] Altés, Carmen (2006), El Turismo en del mundo" en Costa Rica" (in Spanish). América Latina y el Caribe y la La Vanguardia. 2007-11-13. experiencia del BID, Inter-American http://www.lavanguardia.es/premium/ Development Bank; Sustainable publica/ Development Department, Technical publica?COMPID=53410660334&ID_PAGINA=22088&ID_FORMATO=9&turbourl=false. Paper Series ENV-149, Washington, D.C. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. available at http://idbdocs.iadb.org/ wsdocs/ 11 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia getdocument.aspx?docnum=984876, p. 9 and 47 [30] José Enrique Rojas (2004-12-29). "Turismo, principal motor de la economía durante el 2004" (in Spanish). La Nación. http://www.nacion.com/ln_ee/2004/ diciembre/29/economia0.html. Retrieved on 2008-04-13. [31] Honey, Martha (1999), Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise?, Island Press; 1 edition , Washington, D.C., p. 5, ISBN 1559635827 [32] Jennifer Blanke and Thea Chiesa, Editors (2009). "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009" (PDF). World Economic Forum, Geneva, Switzerland. http://www.weforum.org/ pdf/TTCR09/TTCR09_Rankings.pdf. [33] Boston.com [34] Leo Hickman (2007-05-26). "Shades of green". The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/travel/2007/ may/26/saturday.costarica. Retrieved on 2008-06-08. [35] Honey, Martha (1999) (in Inglés), Ecotourism and Sustainable Development: Who Owns Paradise?, Island Press; 1 edition , Washington, D.C., p. 128-181, ISBN 1-55963-582-7 Chapter 5. Costa Rica: On the Beaten Path [36] United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. "Issues relating to reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries and recommendations on any further process" Table 1 [37] Earth Trends (2003). "Biodiversity and Protected Areas - Costa Rica" (PDF). World Resources Institute. http://earthtrends.wri.org/pdf_library/ country_profiles/bio_cou_188.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-06-08. [38] "Costa Rica National Parks and Reserves". World Headquarters. 2007. http://www.worldheadquarters.com/cr/ protected_areas/. Retrieved on 2008-06-08. [39] Leonardo Coutinho and Otávio Cabral (2008-05-21). "O desafio da economia verde" (in Portuguese). Revista Veja. http://planetasustentavel.abril.com.br/ noticia/desenvolvimento/ conteudo_280147.shtml?func=2. Costa Rica Retrieved on 2008-06-08. Published on website "Planeta Sustentável" [40] Corcovado National Park [41] Diversity of Corcovado National Park [42] ^ Hunter, L. & Andrew, D. (2002). Watching Wildlife Central America. Lonely Planet. p. 97. ISBN 1-86450-034-4. [43] Cuarón, A.D., Morales, A., Shedden, A., Rodriguez-Luna, E. & de Grammont, P.C. (2008). Ateles geoffroyi. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Retrieved on 20 February 2009. [44] Wong, G., Cuarón, A.D., Rodriguez-Luna, E. & de Grammont, P.C. (2008). Saimiri oerstedii. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2008. Retrieved on 20 February 2009. [45] ^ Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve [46] Garland, T., Jr. (1984). "Physiological correlates of locomotory performance in a lizard: an allometric approach". American Journal of Physiology 247: R806-R815. http://www.biology.ucr.edu/ people/faculty/Garland/Garl1984.pdf. [47] Costa Rica: Ethnic groups [48] White Settlement in Costa Rica [49] www.state.gov Background Note: Costa Rica - People [50] Biesanz, Karen Zubris; Biesanz, Mavis Hiltunen; Biesanz, Richard (1998). The Ticos: Culture and Social Change in Costa Rica. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers. pp. 118. ISBN 1-55587-737-0. [51] ^ International Religious Freedom Report 2008: Costa Rica [52] Jewish Community in Costa Rica [53] San José Costa Rica LDS (Mormon) Temple [54] The Phonemes of Costa Rican Spanish O. L. Chavarria-Aguilar Language, Vol. 27, No. 3 (Jul. - Sep., 1951), pp. 248-253 [55] CIA World Factbook, January 2009 [56] UNPD Human Development Report 2007/2008. "Table 3: Human poverty index: developing countries" (PDF). http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/ hdr_20072008_en_indicator_tables.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. page 240 [57] UNPD Human Development Report 2007/2008. "Table 3: Human poverty index: developing countries" (PDF). http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/ hdr_20072008_en_indicator_tables.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-03-20. page 238-240 12 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia [58] Reporters Without Borders. "Worldwide Press Freedom Index 2007". http://www.rsf.org/ article.php3?id_article=19387. Retrieved on 2008-03-13. [59] The Economist Intelligence Unit. "The World in 2007, Democracy Index 2006" (PDF). http://www.economist.com/media/ pdf/DEMOCRACY_INDEX_2007_v3.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-03-13. [60] The Economist Intelligence Unit et al. (Vision of Humanity website). "Global Peace Index Rankings". http://www.visionofhumanity.org/gpi/ results/rankings/. Retrieved on 2008-05-28. [61] The Economist Intelligence Unit. "Pocket World in Figures 2008" (PDF). http://www.economist.com/media/pdf/ QUALITY_OF_LIFE.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-03-13. [62] "The 2008 Legatum Prosperity Index Table 2008" (PDF). Legatum Institute. http://www.prosperity.com/downloads/ 2008LegatumPItable.pdf. Retrieved on 2008-10-14. [63] World Economic Forum (2009). "The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2009" (PDF). http://www.weforum.org/pdf/TTCR09/ TTCR09_Rankings.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-03-05. [64] Transparency International. "2008 Corruption Perception Table". http://www.transparency.org/news_room/ in_focus/2008/cpi2008/cpi_2008_table. Retrieved on 2008-09-28. [65] The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal. "Index of Economic Freedom 2008". http://www.heritage.org/ research/features/index/countries.cfm. Retrieved on 2008-03-14. [66] UNDP Human Development Report 2008 Update. "Table 1: Human Development Index Trends" (PDF). http://hdr.undp.org/en/media/ HDI_2008_EN_Tables.pdf. Retrieved on 2009-05-01. page 25-26 [67] World Economic Forum. "The Global Competitiveness Report 2008-2009". Costa Rica http://gcr.weforum.org/gcr/. Retrieved on 2008-10-09. [68] UNPD Human Development Report 2007/2008. "Inequality in income or expenditure". http://hdrstats.undp.org/ indicators/147.html. Retrieved on 2008-08-05. [69] Inter-American Development Bank. "Faster Economic Growth Hurts Life Satisfaction in Latin America and the Caribbean". http://www.iadb.org/NEWS/ detail.cfm?id=4859. Retrieved on 2008-11-23. External links • Wikimedia Atlas of Costa Rica Government and administration • Casa Presidencial (Spanish) Official presidential site. • Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, National Biodiversity Institute. • Las Constituciones De Costa Rica De 1821-1949 (Spanish) Costa Rican Constitution • Costa Rica Tourist Board (English) Costa Rica Official Web Site • Costa Rica National Chamber of Tourism • Chief of State and Cabinet Members National anthem lyrics • Himno Nacional de Costa Rica (Spanish) National Anthem Lyrics General • Costa Rica entry at The World Factbook • Costa Rica at UCB Libraries GovPubs • Costa Rica at the Open Directory Project • Museo de los Niños • La Sabana Park Travel & tourism • Costa Rica travel guide from Wikitravel Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_Rica" Categories: Costa Rica, Former Spanish colonies, Liberal democracies, Spanish-speaking countries, States and territories established in 1821, Central American countries 13 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Costa Rica This page was last modified on 18 May 2009, at 23:20 (UTC). All text is available under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License. (See Copyrights for details.) Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a U.S. registered 501(c)(3) taxdeductible nonprofit charity. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers 14


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This item is permanently discontinued.
Key Features
Superb Performer with an outstanding display
Asus PadFone Infinity has got extraordinary features that make it efficient to claim it individual identity in between the wide range of products available in the market. The tremendous blend features that it has got listed within its spec sheet justify its pricing. It is expected to give a tough competition to the HTC One and LG Optimus G Pro smartphones.
Brand | Asus | ||||
Model | PadFone Infinity | ||||
Operating System | Android v4.2 (Jelly Bean) | ||||
SIM Slot(s) | Single SIM, GSM | ||||
SIM Size | Nano | ||||
Box Contents | Handset, Battery, Charger, Earphone, USB Cable, User Manual, Warranty Card |
Processor | Quad core, 1.7 GHz, Chipset: APQ8064 | ||||
Internal Memory | 64 GB | ||||
Expandable Memory | No |
Screen Size | 5 inches | ||||
Screen Resolution | Full HD (1080 x 1920 pixels) | ||||
Pixel Density (sharpness) | 441 ppi | ||||
Display Type | IPS LCD |
Main Camera | 13 MP, Auto focus | ||||
Front Camera | 2 MP | ||||
Flash | LED | ||||
Video Recording | Full HD @ 30 FPS, Recording Formats: H.263 | ||||
Zoom | Digital Zoom | ||||
Camera Features | Face detection, Geo tagging, Touch to focus |
Capacity | 2400 mAH, Li-Po | ||||
TalkTime | Up to 19 Hours(2G) | ||||
Stand By Time | Up to 410 Hours(2G) |
Operating Frequency | GSM 1800 / 1900 / 850 / 900 MHz UMTS 2100 / 900 MHz |
GPRS | Class 10, 32 - 48 kbps kbps | ||||
EDGE | Class 10, 236.8 kbps | ||||
3G | HSDPA 21 Mbit/s, HSUPA 5.76 Mbit/s | ||||
4G | (doesn't support Indian bands), LTE catCat3 50 Mbit/s ↑ 100 Mbit/s ↓ | ||||
Wi-Fi | Wi-Fi 802.11, a/ac/b/g/n, Dual antennas, Mobile Hotspot, Wi-Fi Direct | ||||
Bluetooth | v4.0, A2DP | ||||
GPS | with A-GPS | ||||
USB Connectivity | USB Port, Mass storage device, USB Host, microUSB 2.0 |
Touch Screen | Capacitive Touchscreen, Multi-touch | ||||
Weight | 141 grams | ||||
Dimensions | 143.5 x 72.8 x 8.90 mm | ||||
Colours |
Sensors | Accelerometer, Compass, Gyroscope, Light sensor, Proximity sensor |
FM Radio | |||||
Loudspeaker | |||||
Audio Jack | 3.5 mm |
Error? Report to Us
Almost exactly two years ago, Motorola`s Android-in-Webtop-OS solution was kicked off the stage by ASUS` PadFone, the world`s first phone that could fully power a tablet module from its own OS. The original concept took a while to materialize, but since then the company has kept up with a surprisingly rapid product cycle. It was only five months from the first PadFone to the PadFone 2; and now seven months later, ASUS is offering the PadFone Infi...
ASUS joins the 5-inch smartphone party with the PadFone Infinity. Clad in a new aluminum design and equipped with the latest technologies, can the ASUS PadFone Infinity hold its own against the HTC One, Samsung Galaxy S4 and Sony Xperia Z? We find out in this review....
So this is it: Asus` latest and greatest Padfone. Far from being the joke the concept was initially seen as, Asus is serious about its tablet and accompanying slot-in phone and has re-tooled it for 4G LTE, Android 4.2 and provided it with a cracking Full HD display. Indeed, display tech is a key new ingredient in the Infinity mix – the phone part boasts a Super IPS 5-inch retina-beating display at 441ppi which, while looks stunning, doesn`t...
Few gadgets have attracted as much derision as the Asus PadFone smartphone-tablet hybrids in recent years. However, seemingly immune to the abuse, Asus has come up with a new one. The Asus PadFone Infinity boasts fantastic specs and some truly clever design tweaks. The downside? Other than having to get used to a the slot-in mechanism that the hybrid uses, you'll have to swallow the slightly terrifying 999 Euro price.Asus PadFone Inf...
While "PadFone" wouldn`t be the first name to spring to mind while attempting to come up with marketable names, it has apparently worked for Asus. The company announced overnight at Mobile World Congress (MWC) that it will continue its PadFone line, with the unveiling of the PadFone Infinity. The PadFone Infinity is a 5-inch long-term evolution (LTE) smartphone that becomes a 10.1-inch tablet when docked into the included PadFone Infinity Station...
Pros: asus,infinity,padfone,


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Latest Books
I write adventurous fantasy and science fiction, often with a touch of romance, because someone's always interested in somebody! Or maybe that's just me.
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On rare occasions, I blog about fantastic books I've read. Or random parts of life.
First Book Blues (or why I've spent a lot of money lately)
As a writer, I love the tactic of making the first book in a series…
You Should Read: COBWEB BRIDE
Cobweb Bride by Vera Nazarian What if you killed someone and then fell in love with…
You're Writing What?
Two friends recently asked me about my writing, so I figured a blog post was…


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'mediocre earbuds'
'The new Shuffle's audio quality was good.'
'So-so sound'
© 2007-15 ReviewGist.com. All Rights Reserved. Best Green 2 Kids MP3 Players


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Leonard Chess, orig.Lejzor Czyz
(born March 12, 1917, Motule, Pol.—died Oct. 16, 1969, Chicago, Ill., U.S.), Polish-born U.S. record producer. He immigrated to the U.S in 1928 with his mother, sister, and brother—and future partner—Fiszel (later Philip); they joined his father, who had preceded them, in Chicago. After working at several trades, Leonard Chess opened a lounge, and Phil joined him in the business. In 1947 Leonard joined the Aristocrat Record Company; in 1950 he bought the company and, with Phil as partner, renamed it Chess. As fans of the electric blues, a style being heard in Chicago after World ... (100 of 141 words)
Leonard Chess
Alternate title:
Lejzor Czyz


text:
Town Square
Sunrise over Diablo
Original post made on Jul 9, 2009
Read the full story here Web Link posted Wednesday, July 8, 2009, 7:02 PM
Comments (1)
a resident of Danville
on Jul 9, 2009 at 1:42 pm
I wish your picture could have been more colorful.
Thank you
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Steve Glazer for State Senate
By Roz Rogoff | 2 comments | 1,762 views
Pleasanton resident will have his hands full trying to keep the Oakland teams
By Tim Hunt | 1 comment | 966 views
The House of Representatives performs historys first repeat hara-kiri
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text:
Flying Fisherman® Master Angler St. Croix Polarized Sunglasses
Item # WX2-201909
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Flying Fisherman® Master Angler St. Croix Sunglasses guard against harmful rays and look good doing it!
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Hulu, in its first major programming announcement since its potential sale was scrapped two months ago, has set a major content deal with BBC Worldwide North America. Under the licensing pact, Hulu will add 144 titles in the first year. The video site also has given the go-ahead to an original supernatural comedy series, "Deadbeat," and picked up all four full seasons of CBS' "The Good Wife." "We're kicking back into action," said Andy Forssell, Hulu's acting chief executive.
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Call for firefighters for new Workington station
Last updated at 15:55, Friday, 07 December 2012
Workington's new fire station is taking shape – and it has prompted a call for part-time firefighters to join from the town's Moorclose area.
Cumbria Fire and Rescue Service is looking to recruit on-call firefighters for the new Moorclose station who will respond to incidents within five minutes.
The local part-timers could earn up to £6,000 a year.
The new Workington Fire Station is set to open in June next year.
It is one of five community fire stations being built across Cumbria as part of a modernisation plan.
Moorclose was chosen because it was identified as being in need of a higher level of fire cover.
Adrian Holme, station manager, said that existing on-call firefighters would move from the old King Street station to the new base, but vacancies meant there was a need to recruit more.
They would ideally live within five minutes of the new station.
Recruits must attend two hour training sessions each Tuesday evening, respond to emergency calls and be available between 8am and 5pm on weekdays.
Two open days devoted to the recruitment drive will be held at the King Street fire station on Tuesday between 4pm and 8pm and on January 4 between 1pm and 5pm.
The new station's steel framework is in place and the external building is 80 per cent complete.
It will include four fire engine bays, an extra storage room, community room and young firefighter facilities.
For more information about the on-call vacancies, contact Adrian Holme on 07917305772 or email adrian. email@example.com
First published at 14:38, Friday, 07 December 2012
Published by http://www.timesandstar.co.uk
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3 Followers
3 Following
↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ ↑↑↑ Right Here Is A Simple Way To Talk With Me!!!
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Dean Koontz's best-selling novel is brought to TV in this 4 hour mini-series. After the death of his wife and daughter in a plane crash, a newspaper reporter discovers that the crash may have been related to a nefarious scientific experiment involving children. A woman, who claims she was a survivor of the crash, approaches at his wife's grave. This leads into a plot by the Quartermass organization to capture her and a young girl she is protecting - the girl has the powers to heal and to transport. A villainous killer and a young boy who can control minds from a distance lead the attack. |
Runtime: | 240 mins | |
Genres: | Action Drama Mystery Thriller | |
Director: | Mikael Salomon | |
Actors: | Billy Zane Jodelle Ferland John C. McGinley Glenn Morshower Chris Britton Andrew Kavadas Alex Bruhanski Dee Jay Jackson Robyn Driscoll Alonso Oyarzun James Hutson Kolja Liquette Terry David Mulligan Wally Dalton Kristina Copeland | |
Sole Survivor (2000) 1channel LetMeWatchThis Links
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Suzy Snyder: Holocaust Artifacts Bear Witness
tags: Holocaust, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Suzy Snyder, CNN.com. Suzy SnyderSuzy Snyder is curator at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. She joins Pamela Brown on CNN "Sunday Morning" at 7:15 a.m. to talk about the museum's 20th Anniversary National Tour and the challenge to collect artifacts before time runs out.
The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's ability to teach the lessons of the Holocaust to future generations relies on its collections. The museum has been on a 20th anniversary four-city tour to engage the public and gather artifacts that tell survivors' stories in vivid, lasting and personal ways.
The museum held a historic gathering of Holocaust survivors and World War II veterans in Washington for a national marking of its 20th anniversary.
The road trip started in Boca Raton, Florida, and continued in Los Angeles and New York. Now we're in Chicago, where Sunday, June 9, the museum will hold a daylong public event with many opportunities to engage with museum resources, people, and programs, and pay tribute to local Holocaust survivors and World War II veterans....
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text:
We have been battling a no win battle with our MM sensors for the last few months. They have gone from lasting at least 6 days, usually a few more days, to getting almost 4 days, sometimes a few hours more. In a moment of shear frustration, I emailed MM with my disappointment. They emailed back saying I would have to call technical support for troubleshooting.
Since that email we have moved to the arm to see if it makes a difference. We are only on day 2, so I can't say yet. What I want to know is if anyone else has seen such a noticable drop in duration of sensor life?
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Nov 16, 2012, 01:01 AM | |
Mr Smith1, did you download the most recent plan? I'm sorry to have wasted your time since it printed small. I don't know why that is happening. If you tile, you can print just the sheet that has the 6" scale and experiment until it's the correct size then print the whole thing. Sorry for the hassle.
Nov 16, 2012, 01:07 AM | |
Thanks for the servo reply. I have a pair of JR DS285 Digital Hi-Speed Sub-Micro Servos that fit nicely but are smaller than the ones you use and have about half the torque. Do you think that they would do the job or should I figure out a way to get larger servos into the bay between F1 and F2? Bill |
Nov 16, 2012, 10:53 AM | |
No sweat......I know it is a work in progress....I'll wait until you post an update with your changes before I print them, can you repost them when you do, to make certain I am on the correct version? No hurry, I am still just about to tackle the spar build...now that I've figured it out....I assume you put a shear web in the root end to keep the shape while it is clamped and curing?....making sure not to glue it in? |
Nov 16, 2012, 02:15 PM | ||
Nov 17, 2012, 09:23 PM | |
I finished the fin-rudder today. I am wondering what people feel about leaving it without the 1/32 sheeting and just covering it as an open frame. After sanding it's about 3/8" thick at the hinge line.
I've attached a photo of the structure below. It seems sturdy, but then I have not built and flown a 3M before (winch stresses?). The fin core, which supports the stab, is hard balsa and solid with the ply pieces at the stab axle. The plan was to cover the fin in 1/32" balsa now that it is shaped. Any opinions? Also, I was planning to use CA hinges (six along the length of the rudder post). Thoughts on that? UPDATE: 12-10-12 - I decided to sheet the fin in light 1/32" balsa for rigidity. Thanks to all. WK |
Nov 17, 2012, 09:30 PM | |
Here is the link for the most recent update of the Yardbird fuselage that I am building. This has the extended fin-rudder I am building for this version. This includes the updates listed in my 'changes list' a few posts ago. I'm still building so it's still 'in progress' but this has the latest changes. http://wkleinsasser.net/download/Yar...ge_WK_tail.pdf dwg files: http://wkleinsasser.net/download/Yar...e_fuselage.zip ------ Updated Houston Hawk fuselage: pdf: http://wkleinsasser.net/download/Str...ge_HH_tail.pdf dwg: http://wkleinsasser.net/download/Str...th_HH_tail.zip W |
Nov 17, 2012, 11:21 PM | |
Here are some photos of the installation of the rare Earth magnet and CF 1/8" pins that hold the canopy/hatch in place. Also there are some photos of the finished, shaped, and glued fin-rudder.
W ImagesView all Images in thread
Nov 18, 2012, 12:58 PM | |
The stab is nearly complete, only the back portion of sheeting to still install. Some good news is that since I haven't been able to get into a shop to bend the joiner rod, it works well as the horizontal reference for the fin alignment and for checking the stab alignment. Both are fine. Whew.
Cutting and installing the vertical grain 1/16" stab shear webbing was fun. Bill ImagesView all Images in thread
Nov 18, 2012, 09:46 PM | |
hi there from Toledo
Hi Guys; I've been busy with a new job for the last few weeks and have missed a lot, but now I have caught up and I must say the prototype build is delightful. Of course there are always things learned and adjustments made in any design. The prototype woodie fuselage is magnificent. You might want to try a 2s A123 1100mah pack instead of a 4 cell nimhpack they would probably fit better in the nose. I used hs81 servos in my Houston eHawk for rudder and elevator, hs55 servos for the spoilers do the job just fine. And JOLLY, that mold of the Condor/HH fuselage, WOW! What an undertaking!! Any idea when we will see an HH flying with a fuselage made from the mold? Might they be available any time soon? Hmmm? I seriously applaud the effort you guys have put into this endeavour, bravo!! ciao -rjf |
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I think it's a good idea to add an option in SEP (unmanaged version) so the user can change the default settings for the antivirus such as: scan time and type.
I hope this will be taken in consideration when improving the new versions.
Hi SORT,
A useful feature would be to provide links to previous (supported) versions of agents for a given release vehicle. For example, on the SORT VCS Agents page we have the link to the download and documentation for the most recent agent version, ...
we want to install packages (e.g. VERITAS Cluster GUI, VRTSexplorer or own packages) automatically via VOM on every VERITAS based server.
Currently, it is not possible to install packages via VOM.
The Workaround to write a dedicated ...
SF 6.0 comes with VxFS which support file level compression.
Is there any plan to implement file system/directory level compression?
vxcompress can be run with vxcompress can be run with either files or directories as a parameter. When ...
There should be an option to include recipients in an ongoing PM thread.
Right now If I send a PM to a user and if that user replies backup and if I want to include another
user in the thread than there is no option to include other user.
There should be an option to forward Private Messages to other users/admins.
Today If I recieve a PM and if I want to share that message with a 3rd person than I have to copy\paste
message and share with others which does not show who had ...
I found some interesting information after OS bootup on AIX platform.
From the errput, I can see following information:
NOTE VxVM vxdmp V-5-0-34 added disk array DISKS, datype = Disk
NOTE VxVM vxdmp V-5-0-34 added disk array 09473, ...
I would suggest Symantec Corporation to combine SMG and Traffic Shaper together . Currently we are using both service
The Connection Classification The Connection Classification feature in Symantec Messaging Gateway offers similar ...
How about having some more online shopping vouchers (like ebay,flipkart along with Amazon) in the rewards catelogue? No shipping charges for electronic vouchers, so users will get more value comparing to VISA debit cards. Conversion rates into local ...
Hi ther,
My idea is that at JOB LOG from SQL backup we can see wich databases where copied.
here's the log
Backed 23 databases
prcessed 25.640.448 bytes in 54 seconds
Compression type ....
But wich database where ...


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McGill on the silver screen
Geography professor Wayne Pollard - or Wayne Pollard's office - gets a cameo in the summer disaster movie "The Day After Tomorrow."
Tel-Aide: Lend someone an ear
Elizabeth Martin, McGill volunteer for Montreal's premier help line, speaks out on the need for more folks to lend an ear.
Degrees of mutilation
They are the wounded, the disfigured and the doomed. They are the books of the library's "Degrees of Mutilation" display in the Redpath.
Around campus
Lots of great events happening in and around McGill, but none greater than the Freaky Friday shrunken head extravaganza!
Deux McGill
When 400 French-speaking historians descended on McGill last October, history professor Brian Young wanted to give them an introduction to the campus. He turned to student filmmakers Matthew Rankin and Walter Forsberg, who cooked up a sly examination of McGill's place in Quebec.
Ducks pluck Poitras from Redmen
Redmen goalie Mathieu Poitras gets invited to try out for the NHL's Anaheim Ducks.
Rae pushes for gold
Former Ontario Premier Bob Rae speaks on education funding at U de M event co-hosted with McGill.
Entre Nous with David Covo, director of the School of Architecture
Entering the final semester of his mandate as director of the School of Architecture, David Covo discusses everything from the architect's role in society and the importance of freehand drawing to how a good sailor can smell the shifts in the wind.
Project Collaboration: Experiment in education
Teachers, scientists and university professors put their heads together to design new ways to teach science in the Quebec educational system. In the end, it was a learning experience for everyone.
Looking back to move forward
A business conference on sustainability? Not quite peanut butter and chocolate, but two great tastes that taste surprisingly great together.