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3 Day 4WD Kakadu/ Litchfield Safari (French Speaking Translator)
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Last Modified: 07 Oct 2014
3 Day 4WD Kakadu/ Litchfield Safari (French Speaking Translator)
Trip code: PNTY3CF
Validity: 01 Apr 2014 to 31 Mar 2015
Cascading tropical waterfalls and crocodile inhabited waterways welcome you in this Kakadu and Litchfield 4x4 Safari. Learn the ancient traditions of the Limilngan-Wulna people on an adventure into Woolna Country. Cruise the croc-inhabited waters of the Mary River Wetlands, hike to Ubirr to see ancient Aboriginal rock art on display and marvel at the beautiful Jim Jim Falls. A 4x4 safari through Kakadu is the perfect way to see the very best of this diverse and rich landscape.
This trip is operated by our experienced local partner Adventure Tours Australia.
Table of Contents
Group size
Emergency funds
Your fellow travellers
Single travellers
Issues on your trip
Also available to purchase
What to take
Itinerary disclaimer
Meals introduction
Culture shock rating
Physical rating
Travel insurance
Physical preparation
Group leader
Responsible Travel
Included activities
Joining point
A couple of rules
Money Exchange
Joining point instructions
The Intrepid Foundation
Spending money
Arrival complications
Carbon offset
Finish point
Departure tax
Finish point instructions
Important notes
Emergency contact
Original trips are classic Intrepid adventures. With a mix of included activities and free time, they offer plenty of opportunities to explore at your own pace and take part in activities that really get beneath the skin of a destination. While the occasional meal may be included, you'll have the freedom to seek out your own culinary adventures. Accommodation is generally budget or tourist class (2-3 star), but you're as likely to find yourself as a guest of a local family as staying in a hotel or camping. Transport will vary as well. Depending on the destination and the itinerary you could find yourself travelling on anything from a camel to a train or a private safari vehicle. It's all part of the adventure! Original travellers have a desire to make the most of their travel time and really get to know a place, its people and cultures.
Day 1 Darwin/Litchfield/Mary River
Leaving Darwin, we journey south to the beautiful Litchfield National Park where we visit the stunning waterfalls that flow all year round. Take a refreshing swim and enjoy lunch before we travel into Wulna Country and receive a Cul Cul or unique 'Welcome to Country' by the traditional owners of the land, the Limilngan –Wulna people. They'll share with us their local Aboriginal culture with bush tucker talks, didgeridoo lessons, basket weaving and spear throwing.
We finish the day in the spectacular Mary River Wetlands, where the exotic birds are not the only wildlife to see. Keep a watch for lurking crocodiles on an afternoon river cruise! We settle down for a well-earned rest at our secluded Mary River camping spot. (LD)
Included Activities
Litchfield National Park
Mary River cruise
Permanent tented camp (with shared facilities) (1 nt)
Day 2 Mary River/Kakadu
Today we head to Kakadu National Park, World Heritage listed for its stunning natural features and for being the centre of the world's oldest living culture. Discover ancient Aboriginal rock art at Ubirr before climbing to the top of a rocky lookout for fabulous views over the Nardab floodplain. Don't forget to bring your camera! Next we head to Maguk (Barramundi Gorge) where the hike is rewarded with a reviving swim in the plunge pools. Tonight we stay at our permanent camp in Kakadu National Park. (BLD)
Included Activities
Ubirr Rock
Maguk (Barramundi Gorge)
Permanent tented camp (with shared facilities) (1 nt)
Day 3 Kakadu/Darwin
Get ready for some 4WD action today as we make our way to Jim Jim Falls, the crown of Kakadu and certain to be one of our trip highlights. Once we get there, we'll take in the stunning views of this 200m natural wonder before continuing on to Twin Falls. See the beauty of the gorge and feel the powerful force of the waterfalls from a national park operated boat and boardwalk experience. On the way back home, the scenery will continue to amaze you as we journey back to Darwin in the afternoon. (BL)
TROPICAL TOP END SUMMER ITINERARY (Nov/ Dec-May)
**Please note in the tropical wet season Twin and Jim Jim Falls are inaccessible
Day 1 – Litchfield National Park | Cathedral Termite Mounds | Overnight camp. (LD)
Day 2 – Mamukala Wetlands (seasonal) | Wildlife Cruise | Ubirr or Nourlangie Rock (seasonal) | Walk to Gubara Springs | Overnight camp Kakadu. (BLD)
Day 3 – Gunlom Falls or Motor Car Falls (seasonal) | Warradjan Culture Centre | Return to Darwin. (BL)
Included Activities
Jim Jim Falls
Twin Falls
Also available to purchase
For many of our trips we have other services or experiences that are also available to purchase to extend your trip or to make your holiday a little easier. Below is a list of other travel products you can purchase in conjunction with this trip.
Sole use tent (on request only) (PNTY3C)
Sole use tent (on request only) (PNTY3CF)
Itinerary disclaimer
Occasionally our itineraries are updated during the year to incorporate improvements stemming from past travellers' comments and our own research. The information given in this itinerary may be slightly different to that in the brochure. It's very important that you print and review a final copy of your Trip Notes a couple of days prior to travel, in case there have been changes that affect your plans. For the latest updated Trip Notes please visit our website: www.intrepidtravel.com
Please note that while we operate successful trips in this region throughout the year, some changes may occur in our itineraries due to inclement weather and common seasonal changes to timetables and transport routes. This can happen with little notice so please be prepared for modifications to the route.
Please note due to cultural sensitivities, entry to particular parts of local Aboriginal communities may be unavailable.
Where Aboriginal guide is unavailable in Red Centre an Intrepid guide will lead the interpretive cultural walk. In Kakadu the Aboriginal Wulna-Limilngan cultural experience is only available during the dry season (Apr-Oct) as site is subject to flooding (contact our customer service team for availability). Participants may be absent due to cultural commitments with minimal prior notification and Intrepid reserves the right to amend the itinerary in these circumstances with no obligation to refund.
Culture shock rating
At times local life here will be familiar to that of back home, and at times very different. Services are available most of the time, English may not be the native language, and there may be some cultural differences.
Physical rating
This trip will raise your heartbeat. Moderate physical activities are included and a good level of fitness is required.
Physical preparation
To get the most out of this trip you need to be prepared for walks of between 3-8 km on some days. This may be on rough ground and perhaps getting feet wet in rivers and creeks. From Oct to March you will experience temperatures of over 35 degrees Celsius (and sometimes well into the 40's) so be prepared to endure extra physical stress due to the heat at these times, especially while on walks.
These extreme outside temperatures can also place stress on the air-conditioning units within our vehicles which can make travelling uncomfortable. Your tour guide will assist with regular breaks and information to assist in keeping well hydrated.
Included activities
Included activities are listed in the day-to-day itinerary, all other activities are optional and at your own expense. If you choose not to participate in the included activities on this itinerary, the cost will not be refunded.
Please note that some of our included activities are contingent on weather conditions. We'll arrange an alternative if an included activity is deemed unsafe.
Money Exchange
The currency of Australia is the Australian dollar (AUD). USD1 = AUD1.07 (rate current for August 2014).
The most convenient and cheapest way to acquire money is via an Automated Teller Machine (ATM). This allows you to draw funds from your personal account at a superior exchange rate. Most ATMs will also give you a cash advance on your credit card but be wary of high fees imposed by banks for this service. Bank fees for these withdrawals can be either a flat rate or a percentage of the amount withdrawn. Check with your bank for information on their international fees. There are ATMs (which accept both Visa and MasterCard) throughout the main cities and towns on our itinerary and these are also accepted by the majority of local service providers. When leaving home don't forget your PIN number and make sure you know the telephone number for cancelling your card if it is stolen. Please note that remote areas and national parks may not have ATM access so it is best to withdraw enough cash in town before heading into these areas.
It's a smart idea to take some of your money in travellers' cheques of a major brand in a major currency (US$, GBP, AU$ and EUR are all fine). Travellers' cheques have security advantages although please be aware that the exchange rates may not be favourable and that it is difficult to change travellers' cheques in remote locations, on weekends and public holidays.
Spending money
Every traveller is different and therefore spending money requirements will vary. Some travellers may drink more than others while other travellers like to purchase more souvenirs than most. Please consider your own spending habits when it comes to allowing for drinks, shopping, participating in optional activities, and tipping. Please also remember the following specific recommendations when planning your trip.
In Australia, tipping is expected for certain things, but not everything. As a guide, tipping applies when you sit down in a restaurant for a meal (10% is a general rule). When using taxis or buying drinks at a bar, rounding up is acceptable.
You may also consider tipping your leader for outstanding service throughout your trip. The amount is entirely a personal preference; however as a guideline AU$2-5 per person, per day can be used. Of course you are free to tip more or less as you see fit, depending on your perception of service quality and the length of your trip. Remember, a tip is not compulsory and should only be given when you receive excellent service.
Departure tax
All departure taxes should be included in your international flight ticket.
Important notes
Given the unpredictable nature of weather and travel in the tropics, we are sometimes forced to make late itinerary changes due to unexpected heavy rain and/or storms and road closures. In the event of this occurring, itinerary changes may need to be implemented after commencement of you trip. In this event, your Tour Leader/Driver has full authority to change the itinerary and/or order of activities and substitute alternative destinations and activities as necessary. No refunds are available due to itinerary changes and missed activities caused by extreme weather conditions and/or road closures.
Note that the opening dates of waterfalls (including Twin and Jim Jim Falls) and attractions vary each year and can change on a daily basis in the wet and shoulder seasons. Visit this website to see live updates on which areas of the park will be open: http://kakaduroadreport.wordpress.com/ or contact our Reservations team. Due to National Park rules and road laws, we cannot guarantee the opening of Twin and Jim Jim Falls and other attractions at any time.
Translation trips (French and German) require a minimum of 4 passengers to confirm language translator. Please note you may also travel with an English speaking guide and passengers.
Group size
Maximum of 16 travellers per group.
Your fellow travellers
As you travel on a group trip you will be exposed to all the pleasures and maybe some of the frustrations of travelling in a group. Your fellow travellers will probably come from all corners of the world and likely a range of age groups too. We ask you to be understanding of the various needs and preferences of your group - patience with your fellow travellers is sometimes required for the benefit of everyone's travel experience. Remember too that you have responsibilities to the group. If you are requested to be at a place at a certain time, ensure that you don't keep the rest of the group waiting. We have found time and time again that the very best trips we operate are those where the dynamics within the group work well - this takes just a little effort on your part.
Due to privacy reasons we are unable to provide you with contact details and any personal information about your fellow travellers booked on your trip prior to departure. However you can download Intrepid's FREE Meet Up app to chat with your fellow travellers before your trip. Meet up, discuss your upcoming trip and share the excitement of planning for your adventure. For more information visit: www.intrepidtravel.com/meetup
Single travellers
Our group trips are designed for shared accommodation and don't involve a compulsory single supplement. Single travellers share with people of the same gender in accommodation ranging from twin to multishare. Some of our itineraries have accommodation booked on a mixed gender share basis and where applicable this will be specified in our Trip Notes. On a selection of our trips, you have the option to pay a single supplement to ensure that you have your own accommodation (where available). Please note that this only applies to accommodation during the tour - pre-trip and post-trip accommodation will be booked on a single room basis.
Permanent tented camp (with shared facilities) (2 nts)
Comfortable permanent twin-share tents with full linen including pillow and towel provided and with a light and fan for additional convenience. Bathroom facilities are shared and are located a short walking distance from camp..
Meals introduction
While travelling with us you'll have the opportunity to experience the vast array of wonderful food available in the world. On our camping trips we often cook the region's specialities so you don't miss out. Special dietary requirements can usually be catered for as long as we are advised in advance.
2 Breakfasts, 3 Lunches, 2 Dinners
Please budget for additional meals and expenses while on your trip. Our suggestion is based on past traveller feedback but you may choose to spend more or less.
On most days, breakfast, lunch and dinner will be included. Your leader will prepare most of the meals whilst on tour but you will have the opportunity to assist with daily activities such as setting up camp, helping prepare meals and clearing dishes. None of this is difficult however many hands make light work and any assistance provided to crew is always much appreciated. Most people agree that this type of activity helps you feel like less of a tourist and more of an explorer.
Passengers with special meal requirements must ensure they or their travel agent inform Intrepid of this at the time of booking. Food for the trip is purchased prior to commencement and special requirements cannot be catered for after departing. Vegetarians and those with any special meal requirements may need to provide additional assistance to the leader for meal preparation.
All Terrain vehicle
You will be travelling in a vehicle specifically designed and built for Australian outback conditions. All our vehicles are air conditioned for your comfort, have CD players and/or Ipod connections and large panoramic windows for uninterrupted sightseeing.
Group leader
All Intrepid group trips are accompanied by a group leader. In Australia your group leader is also your driver, taking you from start to finish in a specialised safari vehicle. The aim of the group leader is to take the hassle out of your travels and to help you have the best trip possible. They will provide information on the places you are travelling through, offer suggestions for things to do and see, organise the camp and cooking for camp cooked meals (though passengers are required to help out) and recommend great local eating venues. They will also introduce you to our local friends along the way. While not being guides in the traditional sense you can expect them to have a broad general knowledge of the areas visited on the trip, including historical, environmental, cultural and social aspects.
Joining point
Default pick up point Adventure Tours Shop @6:50am (52 Mitchell St)
Northern Territory
Joining point instructions
Meet at the Adventure Tours Australia shop (52 Mitchell St) or select Darwin accomodation. Pick up times and locations will be advised by our customer service team when booking.
Arrival complications
We don't expect any problems (and nor should you) but if for any reason you are unable to commence your trip as scheduled, please refer to the emergency contact section below for who to contact depending upon your starting location.
No refund is available on missed transfers or portions of your trip owing to a different flight arrival or delayed flight arrival. Any additional cost incurred in order to meet up with your group is at your own expense.
Finish point
Select Darwin accommodation
Darwin CBD
Northern Territory
Finish point instructions
Emergency contact
In the event of an emergency, or missed pick up on the day of departure, please call Adventure Tours Australia/Intrepid Travel on 1300 654 604. If you are calling outside of opening hours, please ensure you listen to the options and select your departure city on the telephone keypad.
Emergency funds
Please also make sure you have access to an additional US$400, to be used when unforeseen incidents or circumstances outside our control (eg. a natural disaster, civil unrest or an outbreak of bird flu) necessitate a change to our planned route.
Visas are the responsibility of the individual traveller. The visa requirements for your trip vary depending on where you are from and where you are going. As a general rule most countries expect that you will have at least 6 months' validity on your passport. On arrival visitors may be asked to present return tickets and evidence of means to cover your intended stay.
We keep the following information up to date as much as possible, but rules do change - it's important that you check for yourself. Residents from other countries must consult the relevant embassies or your travel agent.
Belgium: Yes - required in advance
Canada: Yes - required in advance
Germany: Yes - required in advance
Ireland: Yes - required in advance
Netherlands: Yes - required in advance
New Zealand: Not required
South Africa: Yes - required in advance
Switzerland: Yes - required in advance
United Kingdom: Yes - required in advance
USA: Yes - required in advance
All travellers, except New Zealand citizens, must obtain a visa or travel authority before travelling to Australia. Failure to do so means you may not be allowed to board your flight to Australia. Most nationalities can obtain an Electronic Travel Authority via the internet before arrival. Please check the following website or with your relevant Australian visa issuing office for your nationalities requirements. http://www.eta.immi.gov.au/index.html
Issues on your trip
While we always endeavour to provide the best possible holiday experience, due to the nature of travel and the areas we visit sometimes things can and do go wrong. Should any issue occur while you are on your trip, it is imperative that you discuss this with your group leader or our local representative straight away so that they can do their best to rectify the problem and save any potential negative impact on the rest of your trip.
We recognise that there may be times when your group leader/local partner may not be able to resolve a situation to your satisfaction - if this is the case, please ask the leader to speak to their direct manager.
You may also choose to provide details in your online feedback, which we ask you to complete within 30 days of the end of your trip. But we do ask you to be aware that it is very difficult for us to provide any practical help after the trip is complete.
What to take
Pack only your bare essentials. Due to limited space and strictly enforced road laws regarding weight limits, Intrepid travellers can carry a maximum of 15 kg (10kg for any trips visiting Kakadu). You are required to limit your luggage to one small to medium sized soft bag or backpack and a small daypack, which can be carried inside the vehicle. Intrepid cannot guarantee to carry overweight or oversized luggage. Please store bulky items at your pre tour accommodation. It may be necessary to freight excess luggage at your own expense.
CAMERA: A camera with a good zoom capability is recommended for this trip due to the high number of wildlife encounters possible. Wildlife being wild means it is not always possible to get in really close. A disposable underwater camera is also handy.
During dry season months (Apr-Sep) overnight temperatures can get below 10 degrees Celsius but daytime temperatures can still exceed 30 degrees Celsius. Daytime temperatures and humidity can be extreme from Oct to March with temperatures over 35 degrees Celsius. Night time temperatures can also be high at this time of year.
Australia has relaxed attitudes to standards of dress, however during the day extreme sunshine can cause sunburn all year round. We recommend that you bring loose, cool, cotton clothing to protect yourself from the harsh sun. A sun hat, sunscreen, swimwear, towel, sturdy walking shoes and sunglasses are a must.
Consider bringing your own water bottle to refill along the way. We recommend at least a 1.5litre capacity. The sale of bottled water contributes to an enormous environmental problem around the world. In addition to the water in bottles, the production of a 1 litre plastic bottle takes 2 litres of water and 200ml of oil. A large proportion end up in limited landfill or discarded in waterways and natural environments.
Most of our trips have access to power to recharge batteries for phones and cameras every couple of days. We always recommend that you carry an extra battery for your camera just in case. Your vehicle will be equipped with a 12 volt "cigarette lighter" socket which may be used at the crew's discretion, however, do bear in mind that only one piece of equipment can be charged at a time and it will not be allowed if there is a risk of running the vehicle's batteries low. Batteries may also be recharged from hotel room wall sockets. We suggest you bring a mix of normal and rechargeable batteries and the appropriate recharging unit. Hotels and many campsites have electricity and charging of batteries is advised before checking out the following day.
A headlamp or torch is recommended for around your accommodation at night. Some properties have limited lighting and are powered by generators that switch off at a certain time. It's a good idea to bring a headlamp or torch to navigate your way around at night.
All Intrepid travellers need to be in good physical health in order to participate fully on this trip. When selecting your trip please make sure you have read through the itinerary carefully and assess your ability to cope with our style of travel. Please note that if, in the opinion of our group leader or local guide, any traveller is unable to complete the itinerary without undue risk to themselves and/or the rest of the group, Intrepid reserves the right to exclude them from all or part of a trip without refund.
You should consult your doctor for up-to-date medical travel information or for any necessary vaccinations and anti-malarial requirements before departure. We recommend that you carry a first aid kit as well as any personal medical requirements (including a spare pair of glasses) as they may not easily be obtained at the locations on this trip. For legal reasons our leaders and guides are prohibited from administering any type of drugs including headache tablets and antibiotics. Please ensure that you are adequately prepared.
Dengue, Murray Valley Encephalitis (MVE) and Ross River Fever occur in northern parts of Australia (the Northern Territory, Northern Queensland and northern Western Australia). All three viruses are transmitted by mosquitoes. There is no vaccination against them, but there are preventative measures that you can take such as wearing long clothing, using repellent and being indoors particularly around dusk and dawn. January 2009 saw an earlier than usual seasonal outbreak of dengue fever in northern Queensland, with over 600 confirmed cases in and around Cairns and Townsville.
There have been 77 confirmed cases of Whitmore disease (melioidosis) in the Northern Territory, mainly in greater Darwin, but with cases reported in the Katherine and East Arnhem regions too. One case has occurred as far south as Tennant Creek. The risk of melioidosis will continue to be present as long as the rains continue. Those most at risk are those with underlying conditions that impair the immune system such as diabetes. Please visit the NT Department of Health and Families website – http://www.health.nt.gov.au - for more information.
We carry a satellite phone on all of our remote/overland trips to be used by our leaders in the event of an emergency and for your safety. In addition, all of our leaders are First Aid trained and certified.
Daytime temperatures can be extreme from Oct to March with temperatures over 40 degrees Celsius. Please bring a large refillable water bottle. We strongly recommend the use of dehydration salts and sports drinks as a way to combat dehydration during times of extreme heat.
Travel insurance
Travel insurance is compulsory for all our trips. We require that, at a minimum, you are covered for medical expenses including emergency repatriation. We strongly recommend that the policy also covers personal liability, cancellation, curtailment and loss of luggage and personal effects.
When travelling on a group trip, you won't be permitted to join the group until evidence of travel insurance and the insurance company's 24 hour emergency contact number has been seen by your leader.
If you have credit card insurance your group leader will require details of the participating insurer/underwriter, the level of coverage, policy number and emergency contact number rather than the bank's name and credit card details. Please contact your bank for these details prior to arriving in-country.
Please go to our website for links to various travel insurance providers:
Travel Insurance for Australians travelling on trips within Australia only: Australians are not required to be covered for medical expenses including emergency repatriation for trips within Australia. However we strongly recommend that you have a domestic travel insurance policy which covers personal liability, cancellation, curtailment and loss of luggage and personal effects.
Responsible Travel
We believe strongly in low impact or rather positive impact tourism. Broadly speaking this means that we try to minimise the negative aspects of tourism on the local cultures and environments that we visit and highlight the positive aspects. Please visit our website for further details and suggestions on how you can be a responsible traveller:
A couple of rules
Illegal drugs will not be tolerated on our trips. Possessing or using drugs not only contravenes the laws of the land, but also puts the rest of the group at risk. Smoking marijuana and opium is a part of local culture in some parts of the world but is not acceptable for Intrepid travellers. Intrepid's philosophy of travel is one of respect towards everyone we encounter and in particular, the local people who make our destinations such special places. The exploitation of prostitutes is completely contrary to this philosophy. Our group leader has the right to expel any member of the group if drugs are found in their possession or if they use prostitutes.
The Intrepid Foundation
Since Intrepid Travel commenced operating in 1989 we've been committed to giving something back to the communities we visit. One way has been through our support for local humanitarian, development and conservation projects. Many of our travellers want to contribute something too. Whilst it is often tempting to give hand-outs to those less fortunate, this has the potential to promote a culture of begging and dependency. Handouts are not a sustainable way for individuals or communities to live. That's why we established The Intrepid Foundation – to make it easier for travellers wishing to give back to communities in an effective and meaningful way.
The Intrepid Foundation is a not-for-profit fund offering a selection of excellent grassroots organisations which you can contribute to. All donations to The Intrepid Foundation will be matched by Intrepid Travel dollar for dollar (up to AU$5,000 per donor and a total of AU$400,000 for all donors in each financial year). And every cent gets there as Intrepid Travel pays for all the administration costs. Donating is simple and secure. Please ask your group leader for information on the projects we support through The Intrepid Foundation or go to our website:
Carbon offset
Carbon Offset C02-e 512.00 kgs per pax.
Leave your feedback here - www.intrepidtravel.com/feedback
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Occipital neuralgia | |
Classification and external resources | |
This article or section may have been copied and pasted from books.google.com/books?isbn=1461415608, possibly in violation of Wikipedia's copyright policy. Please remedy this by editing this article to remove any non-free copyrighted content and attributing free content correctly, or flagging the content for deletion. Please be sure that the source of the copyright violation is not itself a Wikipedia mirror. (September 2013) |
Occipital neuralgia | |
Classification and external resources | |
Occipital neuralgia, also known as C2 neuralgia, or (rarely) Arnold's neuralgia, is a medical condition characterized by chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head and behind the eyes. These areas correspond to the locations of the lesser and greater occipital nerves. The greater occipital nerve also has an artery that supplies blood that is wrapped around it - the occipital artery - that can contribute to the neuralgia. This condition is also sometimes characterized by diminished sensation in the affected area as well.
Occipital neuralgia is caused by damage to these nerves. Ways in which they can be damaged include trauma (usually concussive), physical stress on the nerve, repetitive neck contraction, flexion or extension, and as a result of medical complications (such as osteochondroma, a benign tumour of the bone). Another rare but possible cause is CSF Leaks.[3] Yet another cause is from Radio Frequency nerve ablation. Rarely, occipital neuralgia may be a symptom of metastasis of certain cancers to the spine.[4] There are several areas that have potential to cause injury from compression:
6. The deep side of the trapezius as the nerve enters the muscle
The main symptom of this condition is chronic headache. The pain is commonly localized in the back and around or over the top of the head, sometimes up to the eyebrow or behind the eye. Because chronic headaches are a common symptom for numerous conditions, occipital neuralgia is often misdiagnosed at first, most commonly as tension headache or a migraine leading to unsuccessful treatment attempts. Another symptom is the eyes being sensitive to light, especially when headaches occur.
Occipital neuralgia is characterized by severe pain that begins in the upper neck and back of the head. This pain is typically one sided, although can be on both sides if the both occipital nerves have been affected. Additionally, the pain may radiate forward toward the eye, as it follows the path of the occipital nerve(s). Individuals may notice blurred vision as the pain radiates near or behind the eye. The neuralgia pain is commonly described as sharp, shooting, zapping, an electric shock, or stabbing. The bouts of pain are rarely consistent, but can occur frequently with some patients depending on the damage to the nerves. The amount of time the pain lasts typically varies each time the symptom appears, it may last a few seconds or be almost continuous. Occipital neuralgia can last for hours or for several days.
Other symptoms of occipital neuralgia may include:
Once diagnosed, occipital neuralgia's symptoms can be treated/managed in several ways. Some less invasive treatments are as follows: acupuncture,chiropractic manipulation, occupational therapy, osteopathic manipulation,naprapathic treament, massage, yoga, physical therapy, rest, heat, anti- inflammatory medication, antidepressant medication, anti- convulsant medication, opioid and nonopioid analgesia, and migraine prophylaxis medication. Alternatives to these may include local nerve block, peripheral nerve stimulation, steroids, rhizotomy, phenol injections, antidepressants, and Occipital Cryoneurolysis.
Other less common forms of surgical neurolysis or microdecompression are also used to treat the condition when conservative measures fail.
Frei R. Large study: Frequent nausea worsens migraine severity. Pain Med News 2011;9(8):1– 20.
Liang, H. Occipital Neuralgia as a presenting symptom of gastic cancer metastasis. Imaging in Headache Medicine, April 2012. Saladin, Kenneth S. "Chapter 13: The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Somatic Reflexes." Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity of Form and Function. 12th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 2012. N. pag. Print.
Stedman, Thomas Lathrop. Stedman's Medical Dictionary—27th Edition Illustrated in Color. 27th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2000. 1206+. Print.
Williamson et al. The Journal of Headache and Pain 2013, 1(Suppl 1):P65 http://www.thejournalofheadacheandpain.com/content/1/S1/P65

subset: commoncrawl


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10th January 2010, 07:48 PM | #1 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Dec 2009
8ohm resistor in series with 8ohm speakers for a 16ohm OT?
Probably a bad idea but as I am on a tight budget I thought I'd get some opinions before throwing it out the window.
There are some cheap 40watt PP OT's that I am considering buying, but they have a 16ohm secondary (3.2k primary), well my speakers are rated at 8ohms. what will be the outcome soundwise? I presume that there will be a gain in output power but will it be at detriment to the sound quality? I havnt really decided upon a circuit yet, but I have bought 2 KT88 JJ-electronics tubes for use and am currently weighing up PP or SE. if I where to wire a 8ohm resistor inbetween the speakers and the amp would it enable the use of my speakers and again what kinda power/sound differences should I expect |
10th January 2010, 09:56 PM | #2 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jan 2006
Location: Johannesburg, South Africa
Using the wring speaker tap will affect performance & sound. The 8-ohm resistor is electrically a good solution - it corrects the loading - the drawback is that it drops the efficiency by 50%. You'll have an output of exactly half the power the amp can deliver.
It also greatly increases the damping factor - which is never huge with tube amps, so that's not a major problem. The bass might be a bit more soggy than 'normal'. The resistor will turn that 50% lost power into heat, so it better be a big one. If the transformer is designed for PP, you can't make an SE amp from it (not without a lot of added headaches trying to generate a balance current for the transformer to stop the core saturating) Since you have only 2 KT88s, you could go for mono PP, and series connect your two speakers for 16 ohm.
Steerpike's Toybox |
10th January 2010, 10:11 PM | #3 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Oct 2009
Location: Netherlands
Im afraid that it doesnt increase the damping factor, but totally destroys it.
Maybe there is a better solution. If the OPT can handle the power, you could double the output tubes, and connect the 8 ohm speakers directly to the 16 ohm taps. If you do that the transformer behaves like a 1.5k OPT. I dont know the ideal primary for KT88's PP, but if it was 3.2K, than for 4 tubes, it should be about 1.5K. woops I read now that its only 40 watts, thats way to low for 4 kt88's. Or you need a very low V+. Is it for HIFI? because you bought only 2 KT88's... If its for guitar, you could put 2 speakers in series. If for HIFI, I think you'll have to buy a different, better OPT. Sorry... |
10th January 2010, 10:19 PM | #4 | |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location: "Space Coast" Florida, USA
Additionally, 3.2KΩ primaries are a little low for a single pair of KT88s. Typically, 4.2KΩ*is the right number for PP. Using these transformers, even if driving a 16Ω speaker will not generate a satisfactory frequency response and I would imagine your distortion ratings will not do much better. |
10th January 2010, 10:20 PM | #5 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Jan 2006
Location: Johannesburg, South Africa
DANG! I wrote increases, it of course decreases it, when you actually want it quite high.
Steerpike's Toybox |
10th January 2010, 10:30 PM | #6 |
diyAudio Member
A pp transformer can not be used for a single ended amp. Single ended and PP transformers are built differntly. A single ended transformer is built with a gap in the
magnetic circuite to prevent saturation. The pp transformer does not need this because the curent through both sides of the primary sort of cancle out the magnetic field and it does not saturate. |
10th January 2010, 10:43 PM | #7 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Dec 2009
Yeh the idea was to build a Hifi amp.
I have a simple SE PCB waiting for me at the post office so it looks like I'll carry on with that, just didnt look forward to spending £100 on transformers then keeping my fingers crossed to escape customs I understand the fact that SE & PP circuitory/transformer don't mix Just I wanted something with a bit more guts than the simple SE what kinda wattage am I looking at with 2*kt88's a (375-0-375) power transformer. hopefully running it in ultra linear mode. |
10th January 2010, 11:24 PM | #8 |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Nov 2009
Too many questions in one place.
Output transformer for PP can not be used for SE. When using resistors in series with the speaker change 8/16R load will be a problem with a reduction damping factor. Power loss is less significant problem. Significant problem may affect the course of frequency response - the speaker impedance is dependent on frequency. This applies to single speaker, and also for multi-way speaker with passive crossover box etc. I think the best of bad options is to change the winding of the transformer secondary side. 16R winding can have several series and parallel sections and the reconnection can be achieved by proper impedance. Another option might be to eliminate part of the upper section of the secondary winding, if available. A third option might be adding a further short section of winding, which connects in series with secondary winding in the opposite polarity. |
11th January 2010, 12:25 AM | #9 | |
diyAudio Member
Join Date: Sep 2008
Location: "Space Coast" Florida, USA
At those voltages you might expect between 50 to 60 Watts. The closest thing that you might use as a measuring stick would be the Dynaco Mark III, which runs 480 VDC to the center tap of the output transformer into two KT88s. Dynaco rated that mono block at 60 Watts ultralinear. |
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July 25 2013, 07:03 PM | #16 | ||
Vice Admiral
Re: Anyone else have depression?
July 25 2013, 08:58 PM | #17 |
Napoleonic Power Monger
Re: Anyone else have depression?
"Lose it...it means go crazy, nuts, insane, bonzo, not in possession of one's faculties, three fries short of a happy meal, WHACKO!!!" Colonel Jack O'Neill, Stargate SG1 |
July 25 2013, 09:35 PM | #18 |
Re: Anyone else have depression?
I had been in the hospital multiple times with what I thought was a heart attack. I was spending four hours just traveling back and forth to work. Eating horribly. Working third shift, many night I was there before the sun went down and wasn't leaving until well after it had came back up. Most nights I was off, I was up logged in from home because the manager above me was comically inept. I was writing reports, doing employee evaluations, payroll, was the liaison to our technical group and other financial institutions (including the Federal Reserve of the U.S.) and running production work if we were short staffed. It wore and wore on me for months to the point my wife was telling me to quit but I soldiered on a few more months. Then I simply snapped. I showed up on a Sunday at 1pm (wouldn't have gotten out before 5am Monday morning) to write employee evaluations and some ass from another department came over and started giving me shit because one of his people called in. I packed up my desk, walked by the other supervisor, said I quit and never looked back. Now I play stay-at-home Dad and the wife is a supervisor at a telecommunications company. The plus to the whole thing, is that I'm getting to be involved more in my six year old's life, I missed so much when the other two were growing up. But in exchange, I'm on Paxil, Valium and Blood Pressure medication.
"...the most elementary and valuable statement in science, the beginning of wisdom, is I do not know." - Lt. Commander Data, "Where Silence Has Lease" |
July 25 2013, 10:06 PM | #19 | |
Re: Anyone else have depression?
July 25 2013, 10:36 PM | #20 |
Rear Admiral
Location: fresno, ca, us
Re: Anyone else have depression?
I keep being told to "get an interest outside of myself." Frankly, I'm was never that interested in myself to start with, aside from hating myself for being worthless. I was told that my negative thoughts went to permanent storage, but all the positive thoughts were ephemeral--meaning that the only thing I recalled were negative thoughts. Talking with people, this is not all that uncommon. Know that this is physiological--which means it's not your fault--and you may be able to find medication to ease the load. I know this won't be good news, but I didn't start really getting better until I was in my 40s. I know that's depressing (no pun intended) for those in their 20s, but it means you have to keep fighting. And it can be a fight to not just end the pain you're in. Keep going. Keep fighting. |
July 25 2013, 10:42 PM | #21 |
Fleet Admiral
Location: Kaled bunker, Skaro
Re: Anyone else have depression?
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July 25 2013, 11:56 PM | #22 |
Re: Anyone else have depression?
My advise is to take it seriously. Seek out treatment even if you think you aren't worth it. Then use that boost you get from medication to start changing your life. In the long run that is the only thing that is going to work. I never got anything out of therapy but I know some people do so you may want to try that as well. |
July 26 2013, 02:16 AM | #23 |
Rear Admiral
Re: Anyone else have depression?
Start small. On days off, just go outside. Go for a walk. Sit on a park bench. Lay on the grass and look at the clouds. Something small. Start with just an hour a day. You can do that. And in doing so, you can prove to yourself that you *can* make changes to your life. For me, during one depression, running fifteen minutes on days off got me out of it. During another, going to a scenic overlook and staring across the surrounding area while listening to Pink Floyd allowed me the space I needed to begin a change in perspective. During another, it was picking up a camera and taking really shitty photographs. Start small. You can do it.
July 26 2013, 02:44 AM | #24 |
Lieutenant Junior Grade
Location: London, ON, Canada
Re: Anyone else have depression?
I've been treated for depression and anxiety a few times in my life. The worst came about 4 years ago where I became suicidal. Anyway, I spent 2 months in a hospital dealing with depression and was off work for a year. It was the best thing that could have happened to me. I learned all sorts of ways to stop negative self-talk, meditating, looking at life with different eyes, stuff like that. The biggest thing I got out of the sessions was that suicide is a long term solution for a short term problem. Just remember that there are so many things that are completely out of our control, so don't let it get you down. I've been on medication for quite a while which has helped quite a bit. I've been doing fairly well, so they started weening me off some of it. I am completely off one anti-depressant and started the second one. That one is a bit harder because of the withdrawal. Drugs are not the cure all for everything. They helped me through the rough part so I could heal myself. Don't let your depression get really bad. Definitely get some professional help to help you through this. Things will get better. Always keep that in mind even though it won't feel like some days. I really feel for you. If you can, look for another job. That could be a huge pick-me-up to help deal with depression. Get out. Socialize. Find a friend that you can trust and talk with. Bottling things up will just make matters worse. In Canada (well at least in Ontario) seeing a psychiatrist is covered by out health system. Hope you have something similar where you live. Best of luck to you. Al |
July 26 2013, 05:30 AM | #25 |
Cuddly Mod of Doom
Location: Peach Wookiee
Re: Anyone else have depression?
Mine started... In retrospect, I've had it for most of my life. I was really down on myself in elementary school and was teased a lot. I coped by throwing myself into books and politics. I didn't have many friends, no matter what I tried. I transferred schools, but in eighth grade, began thinking of killing myself off and on. I overate and it worked. A bit too well.. College, I met friends. But I always felt isolated. And then there was a very bad experience I had with a teacher and my original chosen major. One day, not long before Thanksgiving 2001, it took everything I had not to drive to the SR-520 floating bridge, stop the car, and jump. And for a few years after that... I mentally shut down and went through the motions. I walked with the class of 2003 and felt nothing. I should have been happy and yet I wasn't. It took about three years or so before I started feeling again. It wasn't until 3 years ago that I went into therapy, talked through childhood, adolescence and my adulthood. And I thank God I did because now I'm a caregiver for my mother and well, let's just say it isn't easy.
Peach's Websites http://www.fanfiction.net/u/1373040/ http://peachwookiee.deviantart.com/ http://peachwookieesparty.blogspot.com/ Check them out! |
July 29 2013, 12:07 AM | #26 | |
Re: Anyone else have depression?
I take Paxil. In my case, my depression and anxiety is inherited, so I have to stay on the meds.
"I swear to God, if we end up at Whataburger tonight, I shall inflict some bodily harm on that man."- auntiehill |
July 29 2013, 07:48 PM | #27 |
Rear Admiral
Re: Anyone else have depression?
Depression can be a vicious catch-22 because there can be many causes of it(bio-chemical imbalance, negative lifestyle, childhood maladjustment, change in circumstances, etc) and to identify and treat the specific cause can take a great deal of effort and perseverance which is precisely what depressed people have in short supply. I was in therapy and meds for for 15 years until I finally found a therapy that worked for me. My advice isn't that different from what most people have said because you have to start somewhere and the standard treatment for depression is a good starting place. Go on an anti-depressant, stay away from high-carb junk food, get some sunlight and a walk in every day. As far as therapy, that can be tricky because everyone has here own approach and sometimes you can get a therapist whose personal approach isn't well suited to treated depression. The current emphasis is on treating it with heavily behaviour oriented therapies like behavioral activation and ACT. Even in CBT they are now concentrating more on the B than the C. There are some good books specifically targeted to treating depression that may be very helpful too. Take it from someone who used to be called "the suicidal one" on depression newsgroups I frequented there is always possibility for change. Good luck. |
July 29 2013, 11:20 PM | #28 | ||
Napoleonic Power Monger
Re: Anyone else have depression?
"Lose it...it means go crazy, nuts, insane, bonzo, not in possession of one's faculties, three fries short of a happy meal, WHACKO!!!" Colonel Jack O'Neill, Stargate SG1 |
July 29 2013, 11:23 PM | #29 |
Lieutenant Commander
Re: Anyone else have depression?
I have had times in my life that were really bad though. I pretty much had a nervous breakdown once in a really bad situation. Within a span of 6 months, I got married, moved across the country from a place I had lived my entire life, and found out we were pregnant. Then my wife's father died, all the while I had been working a job that was horrible and brutal on my self-esteem, and our new house had issues that made it smell like sewage all the time. I finally cracked one day, confessed to my wife that I had been contemplating suicide. I quit the job the very next day and started seeing a counselor. I would say it took nearly a year to get back to my "old self" but it still lingers. I have to watch myself to make sure I don't get into a rut. Tips I've learned: - Go outside, even if it's just a few minutes a day. Don't stay in the house from sunup to sundown. It might feel comfortable but being out of contact with nature/sunlight/other people is a major thing. - Give yourself pep talks. Before getting into something that might make you feel uncomfortable or want to retreat to the safety of your comfy dark bedroom, tell yourself you can do this, you're worthy, you're a good person, etc. Sounds stupid doesn't it? But it works. - Take a multivitamin. And eat fiber. A lot of depression/anxiety can be exaggerated because your diet is out of whack. - Be around kids. One of the best things I ever did for myself was that I started volunteering at the YMCA and local library. Of course this only works if you like children, but being around kids helps you see the world without all the job/bills/chores and other daily bullcrap that suffocates you sometimes. - Go do something outside of your comfort zone. Challenge yourself. For example my wife dragged me to an amusement park at one point. I hate spinny rides and heights to the point of it almost being a phobia, but I still made myself do a few things. I realized that at the end of the day I felt great and it carried over for several days. I'm sure there's a scientific explanation, dopamine or something, but part of depression is that you can get too comfortable when you only do the certain few things that have become old hat. |
July 29 2013, 11:32 PM | #30 |
Fleet Admiral
Re: Anyone else have depression?
"A hot dog at the ballpark is better than a steak at the Ritz." - Humphrey Bogart |
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Colorado Gun Laws Argued In Federal Court
DENVER (AP) – Colorado's new gun restrictions went on trial Monday as Second Amendment advocates seek to overturn the laws on grounds that they violate constitutional rights to keep and bear arms.
An attorney for the state defended the ammunition magazine limits and expanded background checks, saying the measures were a suitable response to high-profile shooting rampages.
In his opening statement, Deputy Attorney General Matthew Grove noted Colorado's tortured history with mass shootings, from the Columbine High School attack in 1999 to the Aurora movie theater massacre in 2012. He also mentioned the shooting spree at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Connecticut in 2012.
Responding to such events last year, "Colorado's elected representatives made a policy decision to pass two pieces of legislation that appropriately balances the state public's safety concerns with the respect of the Second Amendment rights of citizens," Grove said.
Attorney Richard Westfall, representing gun rights advocates, countered by saying the laws "were passed with almost no evidence or data" that they would make people safer, and he criticized lawmakers as trying "to legislate for the sake of legislating in the wake of the Aurora theater shooting."
The arguments in Denver federal court kicked off a two-week trial on an issue that's been among Colorado's most politically contentious in recent memory.
The laws in question took effect July 1, limiting the size of ammunition magazines to 15 rounds and expanding background checks to firearm sales online and between private sellers.
The laws passed last year without Republican support, and two Democrats who favored the gun restrictions were booted from office in September – the first state lawmakers in Colorado ever to lose their seats via recall.
Republicans this year tried unsuccessfully to repeal the laws, but ruling Democrats rejected their proposals.
Relatives of mass shooting victims outnumbered gun rights supporters at the state Capitol this year in testifying in favor of the laws. Last year, when lawmakers were considering the bills, gun rights advocates packed the Capitol and drove for hours around the building, honking their car horns as the bills were heard. A small plane flew overhead with a banner in opposition of the bills.
Westfall argued the expansion of background checks is unenforceable and unwieldy, putting a burden on citizens and potentially criminalizing some loans. He said the law limiting magazine sizes "is a symbolic gesture that does not improve public safety."
Grove disagreed, saying the time it takes gunman to reload with smaller magazines allows for victims to escape or disarm the gunman. He also argued that people don't need larger magazines for the purposes of self-defense.
"Civilians have virtually never, if ever at all, required more than 15 rounds to effectively defend themselves," he said.
The lawsuit was filed in May by most of Colorado's sheriffs and gun rights groups. In November, U.S. District Judge Marcia Krieger, who is presiding over the case, ruled that the sheriffs could not sue the state in their official capacities as a group. However, she said the sheriffs could continue on the lawsuit in their individual capacities. Some of the sheriffs have remained as plaintiffs.
- By Ivan Moreno, AP Writer
(© Copyright 2014 The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.)
More Gun Control Stories
- The Political Strategy of GOP Gun Bills
- Group Of Fired Up Mothers Gather At Capitol To Protest Repealing Of Gun Control Laws
- Colorado's Gun Debate Will Be Rekindled At The Capitol This Week
- School In Greeley Considers Arming Staff, Parents Have Mixed Opinions
- Republicans Try To Repeal Colorado Gun-Control Bills
- Tax Refunds At Top Of List For Colorado Lawmakers
- Time's Come For Armed Teachers In Schools, Say Some Educators


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derogatory, disrespectful? Yeah, absolutely...but more than that it's sofa king corny. If you truly view your wife that way i feel sorry for you; luckily i married a cool girl, not some Kunt
you can take the boy outta New Jersey...
Showed this thread to my SWMBO. She thinks y'all are hilarious.
See one melée of unruly people, and you've seen a maul.
wow, unsubscribed. I just thought it was corny, not derogatory. How bout those Phillies clinching in 143 games!
No, his point was "SWMBO = derogatory" My point is... "C---" = 100000x more derogatory.
Lol! Y'all sound like a bunch of SWMBO's!! ;-)
will ALL the folks who don't have a sense of humor please leave the planet... WHY do so many folks take this seriously? (rhetorical) If I said hey, swmbo to my swmbo, she'd laugh, and say "yep, that's right!" and we'd keep on doing whatever... I would think a "good" relationship would incorporate some humor, playfulness, etc. Not so much of this serious, take-offense bull$hit okay, backing off my (serious) soapbox...


text:
What an effort by the scouts
Opinion: Letters To The Editor
Are green beans vegetables or beans? Is sauerkraut a condiment or a vegetable? And where do I put these seasoned seaweed strips?
Dozens of girls posed stumpers like these all day Saturday, Sept. 28, as they gathered and sorted food for their annual tri-village Girl Scout Food Drive. Collecting door to door, the girls of Service Unit 409 delivered nearly 11,000 pounds of food to the Oak Park-River Forest Food Pantry. Some folks donated checks, making it possible for us to purchase hundreds of more pounds of food!
If you emptied your own pantry shelf to stock ours — thank you! If you are a parent who helped your girls put Food Drive signs on 15,000 doorsteps or picked up food or delivered it to the pantry — thank you! If you wrote a check to help meet the need — thank you! If you're a girl scout who helped — you made a difference!
We especially want to thank Lisa Files, the extraordinary woman who makes it all happen. Lisa inspires hundreds of girls (and us!) with her dedication.
On behalf of our clients, we thank everyone for this amazing community effort.
J. Peter Clark
President of the board
Michele Zurakowski
Executive director
Oak Park-River Forest Food Pantry
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In 1994, I packed my suitcase and went to Washington with dreams of changing the world. For the class of 55 GOP freshmen elected that year, the unifying goal was to bring fiscal discipline to the federal government.
For a time, that dream seemed achievable. We balanced the budget within just a few years, reformed welfare, and brought new levels of efficiency to Congress and to many agencies in Washington's byzantine bureaucracy.
Oh, what a difference a decade makes.
Here we are in 2005. Like an out of control consumer who cuts up his credit cards, pays off his debt, and immediately digs a new, deeper hole, the federal government is back in the red - big time. We're spending on everything from B-2 bombers to Viagra for Medicare recipients to indoor rainforests in Iowa.
The deficit is back with a vengeance, Social Security is slowly going bankrupt. And, once again, we're leaving our kids to pay the bill.
So, what happened to those class of '94 revolutionaries? Like me, many are now doing something else. Even the jefe maximo of the Republican revolution, Newt Gingrich, is spending his time on the speaking and consulting circuit. Official Washington has no appetite for change, so it's no surprise many of us don't work there anymore.
Other budget cutters from that class of '94 now show signs of becoming budget busters, according to a recent analysis by the National Taxpayers Union. Instead of fighting the red ink, they're seeing how much deficit spending they can direct toward their districts.
In a sense, it's hard to blame them. Playing outsider on bill after bill gets you little more than sleepless nights, bad hometown press, retribution from party leaders, difficult re-election battles and fewer lucrative job offers when you leave Congress.
The key problem is that many in Congress think of themselves as representatives but rarely as statesmen. The only way to survive over the long term is to cater to the wishes of their constituencies. And the American public has sent them the same, clear message they've been sending for generations: Open the spending tap as wide as possible, consequences (and rhetoric to the contrary) be damned.
What are the consequences? The simple fact is that if you're a taxpayer under the age of about 40, you're getting the worst financial deal that any generation of Americans has ever received from the government. Your taxes are high now, and they're only going to get higher. Your parents and grandparents will benefit from government-funded health care and retirement stipends, and you'll be left to fend for yourself. The high level of services the government currently provides will drop off as revenues decrease and spending rises. Fiscally, it's the equivalent of being the designated driver and still picking up the bar tab.
If the next generation of Americans wants to change this situation, there are at least three things they have to do. First, get involved in politics as a voter and, more importantly, as an activist. So long as our system is dominated by voters who drive late-model Cadillacs, get a 15 percent senior's discount at Shoney's and never miss an election, it's their interests that are going to get attention, not yours.
Second, don't let your opinions about a single divisive social issue - whether it's gun control, abortion or gay marriage - blind you to the reality that your pocket is being picked no matter what your ideology.
And finally, don't become so wedded to a party label that it obscures the fact that big spenders in Washington spend hugely regardless of party label.


text:
Japan's Nikkei Outperforms As Opposition Wins Big
In the U.S., the Dow Jones industrial average was up 0.7 percent at 13,223.70 while the broader S&P 500 index rose 1 percent to 1,427.22.
Though the budget measures associated with the "fiscal cliff" would not all be introduced at once and the Republicans have indicated a willingness to increase taxes on households earning over $1 million, investors won't breathe easily until a deal is signed, sealed and delivered.
"Investors have so far remained hopeful that an agreement can be reached in a sufficiently timely manner," said Nick Bennenbroek, an analyst at Wells Fargo Bank. "However, with a year-end deadline for a deal now looming closer, those budget developments should become increasingly important through the end of December."
In recent weeks, the dollar had suffered, at least against the euro, due to the U.S. budget fears. On Monday, the currencies were steady, with the euro up 0.1 percent at $1.3171.
Elsewhere in Asia, China's shares fared fairly well as its new leaders promised more spending if needed to underpin a wobbly economic recovery. Those hopes helped the Shanghai Composite to rise 0.4 percent to 2,160.34 and the smaller Shenzhen Composite index to end 0.4 percent higher to 819.58. On Sunday, China's new Communist Party leaders under party General Secretary Xi Jinping pledged a "proactive fiscal policy" and "prudent monetary policy" in a statement carried by the official Xinhua News Agency. They were references to the willingness to boost spending if needed and keep credit easy so long as inflation stays low. Elsewhere in Asia, South Korea's Kospi lost 0.6 percent to 1,983.07 and Hong Kong's Hang Seng was down 0.4 percent at 22,513.61. In commodity markets, the price of benchmark crude oil in New York was up 79 cents at $87.52 a barrel.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Written Answers. - Defence Forces Strength.Wednesday, 6 December 2000 |
Dáil Eireann Debate
92. Mr. Callely asked the Minister for Defence the current strength of the Air Corps; the conditions of enlistment; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [28832/00]
116. Mr. Durkan asked the Minister for Defence if he will increase the strength of the Naval Service over the next three years; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [28973/00]
117. Mr. Durkan asked the Minister for Defence if he will increase the strength of the Air Corps over the next three years; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [28974/00]
118. Mr. Durkan asked the Minister for Defence if he has any proposals to increase the strength of the Army; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [28975/00]
[1041]119. Mr. Durkan asked the Minister for Defence the current strength, male and female, of the Army, Naval Service and Air Corps; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [28976/00]
Minister for Defence (Mr. M. Smith): I propose to take Questions Nos. 92, and 116 to 119 inclusive, together.
The following tabular statements indicate the strength of male and female personnel within the Permanent Defence Force, PDF, as at 30 September 2000, the most recent date for which such figures are currently available from the military authorities. These figures provide a breakdown between officers and various non-commissioned ranks across the Army, Naval Service and Air Corps.
The White Paper on Defence lays down a total strength for the PDF of 10,500, personnel. The recent PricewaterhouseCoopers special studies on the Naval Service and Air Corps set out recommended overall strengths of 1,144 for the Naval Service and 930 for the Air Corps respectively. These will be met from within the overall Permanent Defence Force figure.
The restructuring of the Permanent Defence Force to secure conformity with the White Paper's total strength of 10,500 and also with the [1042] recommendations of the management consultants on both the Naval Service and the Air Corps will be achieved by way of the very detailed implementation plans for each of the services.
Women are eligible for service in the Army, Air Corps, Naval Service and in the Reserve Defence Force and to compete for all appointments on an equal basis and under the same general conditions as those which apply to men. All female personnel undergo the same training and receive the same military education as their male counterparts.
In order to encourage increased participation by women in the Defence Forces I decided in March 1998 to reduce the height requirement for all female recruits to 5 4.
In previous years the trend for general service recruitment has been that 16% of all applicants have been female and that on average 16% of enlistments have been female. It is obviously not possible to predict what the relevant percentages will be in any future intakes of recruits, but there is no reason to assume that this pattern will change to any great degree.
The conditions of enlistment for general service recruits assigned to the Air Corps are the same as those for recruits enlisted in the Army except in the case of special categories of intake such as apprentices.
30 September 2000.Last Updated: 10/09/2010 23:32:35 | Page of 132 |


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Cuba says it might not turn over fugitive cop killer Chesimard
Guantanamo not part of US-Cuban bargain
Posted: December 19th, 2014 | Author: admin | Filed under: U.S.-Cuba relations, War on terror | Tags: Cuba, Guantanamo, Guantanamo Bay, Obama Administration, U.S.-Cuba relations | 3 Comments »Former al-Qaida hostage recounts nightmare of dealing with FBI after his return
New Defense Chief Will Have to Do More With Less
White House blames James Madison for patchwork of Ebola quarantine laws
Dallas nurses cite sloppy conditions in Ebola care
Report: Christie is U.S. Attorney's target
U.S. Attorney Paul Fishman is leaning on former Port Authority officials David Samson, Bill Baroni and David Wildstein and Charles McKenna, Governor Chris Christie's former Chief Counsel, to"filp" on Christie, according to a report published on Esquire today.
Esquire's two anonymous sources "with intimate knowledge" of Fishman's investigation into "Bridgegate" said that Samson, Baroni and Wildstein each face "near-certain" indictment.
Esquire says that Baroni and Wildstein have implicated Samson and that "if Sampson doesn't give Fishman Christie, Sampson is toast."
Posted: June 19th, 2014 | Author: Art Gallagher | Filed under: Bridgegate, Chris Christie, David Samson, Dawn Zimmer, Kim Guadagno, Paul Fishman, U.S. Attorney | Tags: Bill Baroni, Bridgegate, Bridgegate Investigation, Charles McKenna, Chris Christie, David Samson, David Wildstein, Dawn Zimmer, Lt Gov Kim Guadagno, Obama Administration, U.S. Attorney Paul Fishman | 11 Comments »Obama Administration Looking To Divert Billions in Sandy Funds Away From New Jersey and New York
By Art Gallagher, firstname.lastname@example.com
The Obama Administration is considering holding a contest for areas impacted by disasters other than Superstorm Sandy. The "winners" would get between $1 billion and $2 billion of the remaining $3.6 billion is Sandy relief dollars being doled out by the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), according to a story first reported by the Wall Street Journal
The Record reports that New Jersey Congressmen Bill Pascrell Jr., D-Paterson; Albio Sires, D-West New York; and Frank Pallone, D-Long Branch, and Sen. Bob Menendez are urging HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan not to divert federal aid to projects in other parts of the country. Members of the New York Congressional Delegation are making similar pleas.
Where's Senator Cory Booker? He's proselytizing on twitter.
Sires told The Record that the entire New Jersey delegation could join together in opposition to a nationwide contest for the money. That would be great! Sires should lead the Democrats in the delegation in ending the partisanship that has been dominating the discourse over Sandy recovery and sign the letter to Donovan and Michael Boots, the Acting Chair of the White House Council on Environmental Quality that Congressman Chris Smith invited him, and all members of the delegation to sign requesting a meeting to hash out the multitude of issues New Jersey residents are having with the HUD relief process.
Posted: April 24th, 2014 | Author: Art Gallagher | Filed under: Chris Smith, Cory Booker, Hurricane Sandy, Superstorm Sandy | Tags: Bookerism of the day, Chris Smith, Congressman Albio Sires, Congressman Chris Smith, Cory Booker, Frank Pallone, HUD, HUD Secretary Shaun Donovan, Michael Boots, Obama Administration, Superstorm Sandy, White House | 1 Comment »Obama Closes The Ocean
It's not just the WWII Memorial that the Obama administration is spending money on to enforce the shutdown.
The National Park Service informed Florida charter boat captains that the 1100 square mile Florida Bay is closed and that they are prohibited from taking anglers into those federal waters.
Posted: October 5th, 2013 | Author: Art Gallagher | Filed under: Government Shutdown | Tags: Government Shutdown, Obama Administration | 5 Comments »


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With his studio debut on the horizon, Chuuwee is preparing to serve up a plate of musical hors d'oeuvres in the form of prelude mixtape Crown Me King. The latest leak off the latter project, Lottery Ticket finds The Drum Addictz flipping a sample from the The Price Is Right theme as the Sacramento repper fantasizes about the financial rewards of his hustle. Watch for Crown Me King to hit the 'net April 24, followed by Chuuwee's freshman full-length, Wild Style, on May 29.
Written by richard on 03/9/12
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