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Soriano is a prime commodity
NAPLES, Fla. -- Baseball executives might want to clear out of the Naples Grande Resort soon, in hopes that some fresh air and a change of scenery will prompt them to think twice about all that money they're on track to spend.
But with two days left in the general managers meetings, the agents are looking awfully chipper, and lots of pressing questions remain to be answered.
We at ESPN.com surveyed 20 general managers, assistant GMs, and assorted scouts and personnel people for their takes on six hot stove questions of interest. Here's how they responded:
1. Given a choice between Barry Zito and Daisuke Matsuzaka, which free-agent pitcher do you prefer?
Responses: Matsuzaka 13, Zito 5 and two undecided.
Matsuzaka's World Baseball Classic performance showed he could thrive on the big stage, and he wins points for mound presence. He has better stuff and command than Zito, and he's two years younger.
The biggest red flag with Matsuzaka is his heavy workload in Japan, although one scout observed that he has a sufficiently strong lower-body foundation to support it. Matsuzaka will have to adapt to a new way of life, with unfamiliar hitters and incredible pressure and scrutiny in Boston -- a city that can be a challenge for any player.
"He's a bulldog," one National League assistant GM said. "He'll come over and compete. But he pitches up in the zone a little bit, and I wonder if he's going to be as great as advertised. The way some people make him sound, he's going to be a No. 1 starter and win 20 games right away. He'll have to elevate his game to do that."
Zito's biggest selling points are his 102-63 career record, six straight seasons with between 213 and 232 innings, and his postseason victories over Johan Santana and Roger Clemens.
But in some ways, Zito doesn't fit the classic ace profile. The latest Bill James Handbook lists the pitchers with the slowest average fastballs, and Zito was fourth-slowest in the American League at 85.8 mph -- a tick below Cleveland's Paul Byrd. Craftiness is great, but some teams prefer blow-away stuff for their $15 million annual investment.
Zito has done a nice job adding a cutter to give him another pitch for strikes. But he led the AL with 99 walks last year, and he won't be helped leaving Oakland, where the mass expanse of foul territory is a boon to pitchers.
The operative word in Zito's case is "reliable."
"He takes his turn every time, and because he doesn't throw that hard, he has stuff that should allow him to pitch forever," said one respondent.
2. Where do you think Barry Bonds will sign?
Responses: San Francisco 15, Oakland 3, Detroit 1, Angels 1.
Jeff Borris, Bonds' agent, has a difficult job. Bonds wants another $18 million deal as he prepares to pass Hank Aaron. But if Borris can't cobble together a DH market, the Giants are in position to give Bonds a take-it-or-leave-it offer and wait around for him to say yes.
Detroit seemed like a potential fit until the Tigers traded for Gary Sheffield. There was a brief buzz in Texas, but Rangers owner Tom Hicks almost pulled a quad muscle rushing to distance himself from it. "You can be adamant in saying that Barry Bonds won't be signing with the Texas Rangers," he told the Fort Worth Star-Telegram.
So what are the alternatives? There's Oakland, if the Athletics don't re-sign Frank Thomas and Bonds comes at a reasonable price. We might be talking less than $10 million a year, a significant comedown for Bonds.
"Never count Billy Beane out of anything," an AL assistant GM said. "If he sees value, he'll be in there in a heartbeat. If it gets to a price point where he feels it's worth it, he's capable of pulling it off."
Still, the familiarity factor is the most compelling reason to think Bonds will remain in San Francisco. If Greg Anderson makes headlines again, or the Mitchell investigation ever leads anywhere, or Mark Fainaru-Wada and Lance Williams announce they're writing a "Game of Shadows" sequel, the Giants have been through it before and are equipped to handle the chaos. It's not a fun thing to learn on the fly.
The Giants are tired of the 24-and-1 mentality surrounding Bonds, and GM Brian Sabean no doubt wants to remake his club with a younger, more athletic look. But Bonds and San Francisco have coexisted for 14 years, so what's one more?
"Barry isn't going to be well-received in most places," an AL executive said. "In San Francisco, at least he knows he'll get 81 games in a friendly environment. I don't see why he would risk that. I think the Giants are calling his bluff a little bit right now."
3. Alfonso Soriano or Carlos Lee?
Responses: Soriano 19, Lee 1.
If you asked this question in the spring, when Soriano was a man without a position and Lee was fresh off a 30-homer, 100-RBI season in Milwaukee, the vote might have been closer. Judging from our poll, Soriano helped his cause significantly in 2006, while Lee raised a few questions.
Soriano made positive strides in the outfield after his initial resistance and became the fourth player in history to hit 40 homers and steal 40 bases in a season. It remains to be seen whether he'll sign a Carlos Beltran-type deal, but teams love his athleticism, energy, and rare blend of power and speed.
"Even if he doesn't hit a homer, he can find a way to get in scoring position," a Soriano booster said. "He can score from first on a double. Carlos Lee is a great hitter, but he's a liability defensively and he clogs up the bases."
Lee turned down a four-year, $48 million contract offer from Milwaukee in July, and the Brewers sent him to Texas at the deadline. Lee finished with a .300 batting average, 37 homers, 116 RBI and a .540 slugging percentage, but doubts remain about his poor defense and his dietary habits.
Lee has never struck out 100 times and has decent plate discipline. His biggest shortcoming is a lack of dinner plate discipline. The buzz is that he surpassed 270 pounds last season, and baseball people wonder: If he got that big with a huge payday at stake, how much of a wide-body could he be halfway through a five-year deal?
Even some of the compliments directed toward Lee weren't particularly flattering.
"He has surprising speed for a big, fat guy," an NL scout said.
4. Where will Roger Clemens be pitching in 2007, or will he retire?
Responses: Houston 10, Boston 3, retire 3, Yankees 2, Rangers 1 and one undecided.
One AL executive grimaced when asked about Clemens. "I'm so tired of that drama, I don't even care," he said.
It's no secret that Astros management -- and much of the Houston clubhouse -- grew tired of the will-he-or-won't-he scenario last summer. Clemens' inability to make a quick decision, coupled with Andy Pettitte's uncertainty about returning, clouds the Astros' decision-making again this winter.
Houston remains the most logical Clemens destination for several reasons: There's his family situation, his comfortable arrangement with the Astros and the natural apprehension a lot of pitchers have about facing those daunting American League lineups. Does the Rocket really want to walk into the sunset sporting a 4.68 ERA?
"If he accurately assesses his ability now, he won't want to get out of the National League," a scout said. "Randy Johnson became better once he accepted the fact that he's a third starter now. He's not an ace, and the same is true of Clemens. He's the best pitcher of our generation, but he's diminished from what he once was."
People who like fairy-tale endings favor Clemens coming full circle with Boston, and others predict that the Yankees will outspend the field to lure him to the Bronx. The Rangers are always in the mix, but after investing so much time and effort into Clemens and falling short last season, Texas isn't inclined to dive in with the same passion this time.
5. Which player with a no-trade clause -- Manny Ramirez, Alex Rodriguez or Pat Burrell -- is most likely to be traded?
Responses: Burrell 15, Ramirez 2. Two respondents said none of the players will be moved. One undecided.
A-Rod trade speculation has died down considerably since October. An NL executive points out that if the Yankees try to move Rodriguez, it will become a circus and overwhelm everything Brian Cashman is trying to accomplish this winter.
And don't discount the Scott Boras factor. A-Rod's agent is likely to throw in enough concessions and quid pro quos to muck up the process entirely.
The Red Sox, obviously, are tired of Ramirez's moods and his flakiness. "I think Boston would love to get rid of him," an NL scout said. "How many times can you say, 'That's just Manny being Manny'?" Still, Ramirez is one of the elite hitters of his generation, and how could the Red Sox replace those 40 homers and 100-plus RBI?
Which leaves Burrell. Philadelphia fans are down on him; the Phillies are motivated to trade him and free up salary to pursue Soriano or a starting pitcher; and the two-year, $27 million chunk remaining on Burrell's contract isn't so cumbersome that GM Pat Gillick can't figure out a way to make it work.
Gillick found a way to trade Jim Thome and Bobby Abreu, so he's imaginative enough. And if Burrell gets the message that his playing time is about to be reduced, he could be more open-minded about expanding his list of destinations.
"If a team is looking for a 100-RBI guy in the middle of the order, they might have an interest," an NL GM said. "It would be nice to give him 250 at-bats in the DH role because he's not a great outfielder. I think he's still a decent player, but he's just so streaky. That's one reason teams shy away from him."
6. Which "second tier" starter do you like best: Adam Eaton, Ted Lilly, Gil Meche, Vicente Padilla or Randy Wolf?
Responses: Lilly 8, Padilla 6, Wolf 3, Meche 1, Eaton 1 and one undecided.
"They all have their little hickies, don't they?" one NL GM said.
Of course they do. That's why they'll have to muddle along with three- and four-year deals in the mere $24 million to $40 million range.
Wolf is still 17 months removed from Tommy John surgery, but he proved he could pitch well in a bandbox in Philadelphia. A Wolf supporter called him "a baseball player who just happens to pitch."
Eaton and Meche are talented guys who've never put it together, for an assortment of reasons. Eaton has yet to stay healthy enough to pitch 200 innings in a season, and Meche projects an outward passivity that doesn't match his above-average stuff.
Then there's Padilla, whose reported alcohol problems and loner personality make people wonder just what makes him tick. He's a career 66-61, but his 15-10 record in Texas could be a springboard to the next level.
"I like Padilla," a scout said. "He has the best stuff of the bunch. He's a mean son of a gun. He's willing to pitch inside, and he had very good success last year in a hitters' park in the American League."
An AL East executive chose Lilly on a hunch that he's going to break through and win 18 games one of these years. Lilly's fastball can hit the low 90s when he's right, and his curveball can be a knockout pitch. He just doesn't bring it to the park as consistently as, say, Zito.
"He's not a touchy-feely lefty," a Lilly backer said. "He's a four-pitch guy with legitimate stuff. Consistency is the only missing piece for him. When he's right, you know you have a chance against the Red Sox or Yankees. When he's not, Kansas City has a chance, too. He makes you scratch your head."
Teams have experienced so many multiyear disasters in the Russ Ortiz-Carl Pavano mode, any starter who can stay healthy and win 12-14 games with a sub 4.50 ERA is considered a decent investment. Lilly wins out as the safest, if not the flashiest, choice in the group.
Jerry Crasnick covers baseball for ESPN Insider. His book "License To Deal" has been published by Rodale. Click here to order a copy. Jerry can be reached via e-mail.
- ESPN.com senior writer
- Author of "License to Deal"
- Former Denver Post national baseball writer
The Matsuzaka File
Daisuke Matsuzaka
Right-handed pitcher
26 (Sept. 13, 1980)
6-foot/187 pounds
No. 1 pick by Seibu Lions ('98)
1999 Pacific League Rookie of the Year
2001 Sawamura Award (top pitcher in Japan)
2006 World Baseball Classic MVP
CAREER STATISTICS All with Seibu Lions | ||||||
'99 | 180 | 16 | 5 | 87 | 151 | 2.60 |
'00 | 167.2 | 14 | 7 | 95 | 144 | 3.97 |
'01 | 240.1 | 15 | 15 | 117 | 214 | 3.60 |
'02 | 73.1 | 6 | 2 | 15 | 78 | 3.68 |
'03 | 194 | 16 | 7 | 63 | 215 | 2.83 |
'04 | 146 | 10 | 6 | 42 | 127 | 2.90 |
'05 | 215 | 14 | 13 | 49 | 226 | 2.30 |
'06 | 186.1 | 17 | 5 | 34 | 200 | 2.60 |
• Kurkjian: Posting process needs to be fixed
• Allen: D-Mat signing double-edged sword for Japan
• Neyer: Japanese players ... go west
• Law: Matsuzaka strengthens Sox rotation
• Olney: Boston brilliant with D-Mat deal
• Gammons: Red Sox get D-Mat their way
• Poll: Is he worth the hype?
• Karabell: Matsuzaka's fantasy value
• Gammons: Show Matsuzaka the money
• Allen: Matsuzaka keeps Japan waiting
• Neyer: Red Sox's new math doesn't add up
• Crasnick: Sign Matsuzaka or Zito?
• McAdam: Red Sox can't cry anymore
• Allen: A stunner in Japan
• Red Sox bid $51.1 million
• Crasnick: Respecting "Mr. Matsuzaka"
• Gammons: Boston's investment plan
• Vote: Is Matsuzaka worth it?
• Law: Top 40 free agents
• Kurkjian: How much pressure he'll face
• Bobby Valentine's Matsuzaka experience
• Daisuke strikes a deal
• Breaking down Matsuzaka deal
• Is Daisuke finally the one?
• Matsuzaka headed for Boston
• Interview with Scott Boras
• Is Matsuzaka worth $51.1M?
• Peter Gammons: Red Sox got a bargain
• Terry Francona: No language issues
• Buster Olney: Boston's great offseason
• Tim Kurkjian: Yanks still own AL East
• Keith Law: A big-game pitcher
• SI.com's Jon Heyman
• Dan Patrick and Keith Olbermann
- Blengino: Stephen Strasburg's contact issue
- Olney: MLB's difficult decision on Hamilton
- Szymborski: How bad teams can still compete
- Karabell (fantasy): Bounce-back candidates
- Karabell (fantasy): Top 200 rankings
- Law: Updated Top 100 prospects


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Lonesome Onry and Mean: The Disturbing Ballad of Bob Woodruff, Part 1
"After Imprint Records went bankrupt, I met with a number of labels and publishers in Nashville but no offers were ever forthcoming. Interscope Records in New York paid for some demos that I recorded, but no record contract ever came from that. I began to despair of ever making another record for a label, or getting any songs cut by other recording artists and fell into a pretty deep depression. "I moved back to New York City to be closer to my mother who was very sick, and I took a job in a warehouse. I began to use heroin regularly, and by the time my mother died I was strung out on the drug. I played the odd show in NYC and also toured in Sweden, but less and less time was devoted to my career in music. As time went on, my addiction proved to be a full-time job. I tried to quit cold turkey many times but to no avail. Eventually I went into detox, some rehabs and even got on methadone maintenance a couple times. "In 2003 I was kicked out of a rehab in Long Island and I began a series of failed attempts to get clean in the country homes of ex-girlfriends around the nation. I had the ill manners to OD in several of these poor women's bathrooms, which did not seem to inspire their trust in my sincerity or ability to quit using. "After a particularly harrowing event in Nebraska when I was forced by paramedics to drink several cups of liquid charcoal - a viscous, foul-tasting mixture which neutralized and flushed the drugs out of my system and for a week or so allowed me to honestly declare that my shit did not stink - I wound up in an intensive care unit in Omaha. "The late and saintly Buddy Arnold from Musicians Assistance Program (MAP) was called, and he agreed to place me in one more rehab, providing it was the same one that he himself had gotten clean at in L.A. back in the '70's (Buddy had already placed me in a couple of treatment facilities back east, including the one I was thrown out of). "That may be way too much information but it's the how and why I came to L.A. Happily, I've been clean now for nearly 4 years."Check back later this week, when we'll continue Bob Woodruff's story of what happened to him and what he's doing now.
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South Africa LS Country T-Shirt (White)
COUNTRY: South Africa TEAM: South Africa National Soccer Team
- 6.0 oz 100% cotton tubular tee. Classic fit long sleeve tee, double-needle bottom hem, with should-to-shoulder tape. Pre-shrunk to minimize shrinkage.
- Product size specs - Body Width: S=18", M=20", L=22", XL=24", 2XL=26 3XL=28", 4XL=30", 5XL=32", 6XL=34"
- Orders shipping outside the U.S. are subject to customs fees.
- BigSoccer Shop stands behind everything we sell. View our guarantees for more information.


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Sag Dissidents Throw In The Towel
A last-ditch attempt at blocking the merger of the Screen Actors Guild and the American Federation of Television and Radio Artists has been -- well, ditched. A group of dissident SAG members had continued to pursue the litigation even after last March's union election in which members of both unions overwhelmingly approved the merger. On Wednesday, however, the plaintiffs dispatched a letter to SAG's outside counsel, Bob Bush, saying, "After careful consideration, largely reflecting on the results of the recent merger election, my clients have reached the conclusion that continued prosecution of the pending litigation would not assist the cause they initially sought to champion." Today's (Thursday) Hollywood Reporter quoted SAG-AFTRA executive vice president Ned Vaughn as saying, "Dropping this frivolous lawsuit was the first good decision the plaintiffs have made."


text:
- Actors: Neve Campbell, James Franco, Malcolm McDowell, Barbara E. Robertson, William Dick
- Directors: Robert Altman
- Writers: Neve Campbell, Barbara Turner
- Producers: Christine Vachon, David Levy, David Ley, Dieter Meyer, Hannah Leader
- Format: Multiple Formats, AC-3, Anamorphic, Closed-captioned, Color, Dolby, NTSC, Subtitled, Widescreen
- Language: English (Dolby Digital 5.1)
- Subtitles: French
- Subtitles for the Hearing Impaired: English
- Region: Region 1 encoding (US and Canada only)
PLEASE NOTE: Some Region 1 DVDs may contain Regional Coding Enhancement (RCE). Some, but not all, of our international customers have had problems playing these enhanced discs on what are called "region-free" DVD players. For more information on RCE, click . - Aspect Ratio: 2.35:1
- Number of discs: 1
- Rated: PG-13 (Parental Guidance Suggested)
- Studio: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
- DVD Release Date: June 1, 2004
- Run Time: 112 minutes
- Average Customer Review: 3.3 out of 5 stars See all reviews (123 customer reviews)
- Amazon Best Sellers Rank: #20,309 in Movies & TV (See Top 100 in Movies & TV)
- Learn more about "The Company" on IMDb
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Direct link
Author: Kadrnožka, Dimitrij Countries: Japan Year of poster origin: 1974 Director: Kei Kumai Genre: War films
A3 (17x12 in)
Authentic print from the poster´s year of origin. No copy, no reprint. Unused poster. Slightly folded when stored, any signs of wear are invisible. No tears, no pinholes at borders or any other signs of wear. 100% quality.
Only one piece in our collection, not for sale.
Related: Original posters


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Enter the e-mail address on your account and instructions for resetting the password will be sent to that address. If you no longer have access to that email account, please create a new account.
Creating an account with Unison is easy. Once created, you can use your new account to store your billing and shipping information and access your order history.
Bath time goes POP and gets refreshingly organized.
Warm up with our White Sale, 20% off select bed+bath now through March 22.
A graphic table for any occasion.


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Mar 20, 2010, 08:39 PM | |
Hi Matt,
I glassed this model with veil and WBPU. The weight would have been lower if I had not but I wanted to practice the techniques. The airframe only gained arround an ounce but the strength is amazing. I need to brush another coat or two on it before painting it. I am open to any suggestions on paint. Cheers, Eric B. |
Mar 21, 2010, 12:34 AM | |
Hi Eric,
Mix up some baby powder in some WBPU not too thick but not too thin and use that as your second coat. Foam after being cut on the CNC leaves little imperfections so this would basically fill it in. Give it a good sand job all around to as smooth as you can. Pick out the scheme you want and bring it over my house and we can shoot it with the airbrush. Or we can meet at my friends shop in Sugarland and I can bring my airbrush equipment there. It will really stand out once its done. Cheers, Orlando |
Mar 21, 2010, 02:53 PM | |
Hi O,
Yup I sanded the heck out of it after I built the sides and assembled it. It does need another coat or two of WBPU to finish filling the weave. I may try the mix of the varnish and the spackle which should be a bit lighter than baby powder. I will get with you on the airbrushing later, I was going to get one for me and Jody to use and it is still my intention to do it when the overtime resumes. Cheers, Eric B. |
Mar 21, 2010, 07:41 PM | |
Try the baby powder, I do it all the time. A little goes a long way. Also not to thick either as it does not take much. You would be surprised because if you use too much you could sand for hours to get the coat thin again. It is not that it is hard to sand, just it fills so good. The weave will disappear, as will sanding fuzz upon your sanding of the fill coat.
You might remember the days of dope and tissue covered airframes. The sandung sealer was clear dope and Talc. Light enough back when. Make sure the baby powder is Talc based, not corn starch. I don't think you will get much weight gain this way. The paint, Latex, acrylic enamel (Model Master/Tamya, etc) will all stick just fine. Not only that so will most glues after the fact, epoxy, CyA, white and yellow glues, etc. The lightweight filler is a mess and it does not flow right. Also it is harder to sand believe it or not and clogs your paper more. Fred |


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A vintage floral-printed chest pocket and interior shoulder detail style a soft, trim-fitting heathered T-shirt designed with high-cut, tacked roll-up sleeves.


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SAME Honolulu Student Scholarships
Each year, SAME Honolulu offers scholarships to deserving high school seniors and college students who will be or are currently enrolled at a university with an accredited engineering or architecture program.
Starting from 2014, SAME Honolulu is offering several multi-year and one-year scholarships. Thanks to the generous donations of the Honolulu Post's sustaining and general members, SAME Honolulu was able to award four (4) $6,000 4-year and two (2) $2,000 one-year scholarships for a total commitment of $28,000. For more information on this year's awardees, visit the 2014 Scholarship Winners page.


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Survey reveals KU Jayhawks as state's best-known brand
A brand power survey shows that the state's most well-known brand is the University of Kansas and its mascot, the Jayhawks.
Wichita-based RSA Marketing Services released the findings of its first Kansas Brand Power consumer survey. The online survey initially asked 500 Kansans to name the brand they believe is the most well known statewide, but another 500 have since been added.
RSA plans to keep a running tab on they survey and adding participants along the way, says CEO Bruce Rowley.
He says how often those findings are released depends on whether significant changes have occurred when the results are compiled. At the very least, Rowley says, the survey will be released annually.
Rowley says RSA is using an online tool provided by Google to recruit respondents based on their geographic location, age and gender though Internet ads to avoid skewing results to one particular area.
"It's designed to match the population break down of our state based on our census," Rowley says.
The most well-known brands originate in Wichita, Kansas City and Lawrence, which Rowley says isn't surprising because those are the state's most populated areas.
He says what was a surprise, though, is the fact that Wichita State University or Shockers didn't make the initial list, especially given the recent notoriety of the school's basketball program.
Here's the list of the most well-known brands for 2014, based on RSA's survey findings.
1. KU/Jayhawks.
2. Free State Beer.
3. Pizza Hut.
4. Coleman.
5. Boulevard Beer.
6. Sprint.
7. Russell Stover.
8. Garmin.
9. Dillons.
10. Koch Industries.
Coleman and Pizza Hut no longer have their corporate headquarters in Kansas, but they were founded in Wichita.
Josh Heck covers health care, professional services, education and energy.
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A stay at Sheraton Grande Taipei Hotel places you in the heart of Taipei, minutes from Huashan Market and close to Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall. This 4.5-star hotel is within close proximity of Station Front Metro Mall and Taiwan Storyland.
Make yourself at home in one of the 688 air-conditioned rooms featuring minibars and flat-screen televisions. Complimentary wired and wireless Internet access keeps you connected, and satellite programming provides entertainment. Private bathrooms have complimentary toiletries and hair dryers. Conveniences include phones, as well as safes and complimentary newspapers.
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Take advantage of recreational opportunities offered, including an outdoor pool, a sauna, and a fitness center. Additional features include complimentary wireless Internet access, babysitting/childcare, and gift shops/newsstands.
Enjoy a meal at one of the hotel's dining establishments, which include 9 restaurants and a coffee shop/café. From your room, you can also access 24-hour room service. Relax with your favorite drink at a bar/lounge or a poolside bar.
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Featured amenities include a business center, limo/town car service, and express check-in. Planning an event in Taipei? This hotel has 26910 square feet (2500 square meters) of space consisting of conference space and meeting rooms.
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Definition of button man in English:
North American informal A hired killer.
Example sentences
- She is afraid Pasquale will grow up to be a 'button man' like his father and wants a better life for him.
- According to Gang Land, he was quite a button man in New Jersey.
- It is widely known, for example, that Mafia button men rarely kill for money, but usually carry out such assassinations as a kind of 'gotcha' that keeps other underworld figures on their toes.
Definition of button man in:
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CHICAGO – If you can remember the 1990s outside of childhood, you are in the glow of middle age, so congratulations. The Brown Paper Box Co. theater ensemble takes us back to those thrilling days of yesteryear with "Spike Heels," a relationship comedy centering on the co-mingling antics of two couples, with a slight nod toward George Bernard Shaw and the play "Pygmalion" (or its musical counterpart, "My Fair Lady").
A Bug's Life
'WALL-E' Earns Accolade as 2008's First Perfect Film, One of Best Pixar Films Ever
Submitted by HollywoodChicago.com on June 25, 2008 - 11:01pmRating: 5.0/5.0 (rarely perfect) |
CHICAGO – While perfection can be characterized in many ways, there's only one way to define perfect in the world of film: a picture that has everything you could ask for with nothing you could cut. Though this is a highly unlikely proposition, "WALL-E" has become 2008's first perfect film and one of the best Pixar projects of all time.


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Billy Crudup stars in the film biography of world-class American track star Steve Prefontaine, whose career was cut short as the result of an automobile accident. Donald Sutherland plays his demanding coach. Mary: Monica Potter. Shorter: Jeremy Sisto.
Callie and Arizona's wedding nears, but things aren't turning out the way they had thought; Alex continues to make the other chief-resident contenders envious; Andrew Perkins has a proposition for Teddy; and Meredith and Derek make a major decision.
Adaptation of the non-fiction World War II story of the soldiers who raised the iconic flag over Iwo Jima, three of whom were shipped home to help raise money for the war effort, having to endure survivor's guilt in the process.
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Career Concept
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What a fucked up scoreline :o
RG Final Quali round: Tenconi def. Squillari 7-6 0-6 6-0DADYO 05-21-2005, 04:56 PM What a fucked up scoreline :o Sjengster 05-21-2005, 04:58 PM As I said in the scoring thread, welcome to RG! Only on clay could you get a scoreline like this... pity for the Squirrel, I imagine this was his last ever chance to play at RG and as a former semifinalist, to go down by this scoreline is rather sad. He blew the first set as well, was up a break and then served for it at 6-5, so this is a case of snatching defeat from the jaws of victory. alfonsojose 05-21-2005, 05:04 PM Franco :sad: Tatanka 05-21-2005, 05:17 PM Great Tenconi!! Chris Seahorse 05-21-2005, 06:34 PM The person who paid 1324 euros to play as Squillari's doubles partner next week in the Ettlingen Challenger will be a relieved man. :lol: Daniel 05-22-2005, 12:48 AM Franco :bigcry: :bigcry: |


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HINDI KALOLSAVAM 2008 GHSS KARAKUNNU The history of Hindi a major language of India. Hindi started to emerge as Apabhramsha in the 7th century and by the 10 century became stable. Several dialects of Hindi have been used in literature. Braj was the popular literary dialect until it was replaced by khari boli in the 19th century. Background: The period of Prakrits and Classical Sanskrit 750 BCE: Gradual emergence of post-vedic Sanskrit 500 BCE: Prakrit texts of Buddhists and Jains originate (Eastern India) 400 BCE: Panini composes his formal Sanskrit grammar (Western "India" then --- now probably in modern Afghanistan or Pakistan), reflecting transition from Vedic to formal Paninian Sanskrit 322 BCE: Brahmi script inscriptions by Mauryas in Prakrit (Pali) 250 BCE: Classical Sanskrit emerges. [Vidhyanath Rao] 100 BCE-100 CE: Sanskrit gradually replaces Prakrit in inscriptions 320: The Gupta or Siddha-matrika script emerges. Apabhramshas and emergence of old Hindi 400: Apabhramsha in Kalidas's Vikramuurvashiiya 550: Dharasena of Valabhi's inscription mentions Apabhramsha literature 779: Regional languages mentioned by Udyotan Suri in "Kuvalayamala" 769: Siddha Sarahpa composes Dohakosh, considered the first Hindi poet 800: Bulk of the Sanskrit literature after this time is commentaries. [Vidhyanath Rao] 933: Shravakachar of Devasena, considered the first Hindi book 1100: Modern Devanagari script emerges 1145-1229: Hemachandra writes on Apabhramsha grammar Decline of Apabhramsha and emergence of modern Hindi 1283: Amir Khusro's pahelis and mukaris. Uses term "Hindavi" 1398-1518: Kabir's works mark origin of "Nirguna-Bhakti" period 1370-: Love-story period originated by "Hansavali" of Asahat 1400-1479: Raighu: last of the great Apabhramsha poets 1450: "Saguna Bhakti" period starts with Ramananda 1580: Early Dakkhini work "Kalmitul-hakayat" of Burhanuddin Janam 1585: "Bhaktamal" of Nabhadas: an account of Hindi Bhakta-poets 1601: "Ardha-Kathanak" by Banarasidas, first autobiography in Hindi 1604: "Adi Granth" a compilation of works of many poets by Guru Arjan Dev. 1532-1623: Tulsidas, author of "Ramacharita Manasa". 1623: "Gora-badal ki katha" of Jatmal, first book in Khari Boli dialect (now the standard dialect) 1643: "Reeti" poetry tradition commences according to Ramchandra Shukla 1645: Shahjahan builds Delhi fort, language in the locality starts to be termed Urdu. 1667-1707: Vali's compositions become popular, Urdu starts replacing Persian among Delhi nobility. It is often called "Hindi" by Sauda, Meer etc. 1600-1825: Poets (Bihari to Padmakar) supported by rulers of Orchha and other domains. Modern Hindi literature emerges 1796: Earliest type-based Devanagari printing (John Borthwick Gilchrist, Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language, Calcutta) [Dick Plukker] 1805: Lalloo Lal's Premsagar [1] published for Fort William College, Calcutta [Daisy Rockwell] 1813-46: Maharaja Swati Tirunal Rama Varma(Travancore) composed verses in Hindi along with South Indian languages. 1826: "Udanta Martanda" Hindi weekly from Calcutta 1837: Shardha Ram Phillauri, author of "Om Jai Jagdish Hare" born 1839,1847: "History of Hindi Literature" by Garcin de Tassy in French [Daisy Rockwell] 1833-86: Gujarati Poet Narmad proposed Hindi as India's national language 1850: The term "Hindi" no longer used for what is now called "Urdu". 1854: "Samachar Sudhavarshan" Hindi daily from Calcutta 1873: Mahendra Bhattachary's "Padarth-vigyan" (Chemistry) in Hindi 1877: Novel Bhagyavati by Shardha Ram Phillauri 1886: "Bharatendu period" of modern Hindi literature starts 1893 Founding of the Nagari Pracharni Sabha in Benares [Daisy Rockwell] 1900: "Dvivedi period" starts. Nationalist writings 1900: "Indumati" story by Kishorilal Goswami in "Sarasvati" 1913: "Raja Harishchandra", first Hindi movie by Dadasaheb Phalke 1918-1938: "Chhayavad period" 1918: "Dakshin Bharat Hindi Prachara Sabha" founded by Mahatma Gandhi. 1929: "History of Hindi Literature" by Acharya Ram Chandra Shukla 1931: "Alam Ara" first Hindi talking movie 1930's: Hindi typewriters ("Nagari lekhan Yantra")[Shailendra Mehta] 1936: Kamayani, the most celebrated Hindi epic poem, written by Prasad Our age 1949: Official Language Act makes the use of Hindi in Central Government Offices mandatory 1949-50: Hindi accepted as the "official language of the Union" in the constitution. Debates a, b, c. 1952: The Basic Principles Committee of the Constituent Assembly of Pakistan recommends that Urdu be the state language. 1965: Opposition to "Blind Hindi-imposition by Congress" in Tamilnadu, where Tamil- the predominant Dravidian Language, lives brings DMK to power.Congress lost its base. 1975: English medium private schools start asserting themselves socially, politically, financially [Peter Hook]. 1985-6: Devanagari word processor, Devyani DTP software, both from Dataflow (?). 1987-88: Frans Velthuis creates Devanagari metafont. [Shailendra Mehta] 1990: According to World Almanac and Book of Facts Hindi-Urdu has passed English (and Spanish) to become the second most widely spoken language in the world [Peter Hook]. 1991: ITRANS encoding scheme developed by Avinash Chopde allows Hindi documents in Roman and Devanagari on the Internet. 1997: Prime Minister Deve Gowda emphasises promotion of Hindi and the regional languages, having himself learned Hindi recently. 1997: Hindi Newspaper Nai Dunia on the web (January) (Or was Milap first?) 1998: Thiru Karunanidhi, the DMK leader, recites a Hindi verse during a political campaign, indicating a change in views. Indian Poets Writing In Hindi Ajneya / Agyeya (1911–1987) Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan Ajneya is a pioneer of modern trends in the realm of Indian poetry. In literature, Hindi moved from a phase of revivalist cultural nationalism in the 1910s to mainstream Gandhian nationalism in the 1920s and the early 1930s. Over the following two decades Hindi, while firmly rooted in native ground, opened up and responded to various international literary movements by going through phases of Romanticism (Chhayavad, represented by the poets Nirala, Mahadevi Varma etc.), Modernism (Prayogvad, represented by Ajneya and the Tar Saptak poets) and, later, Progressivism (Pragativad, represented by Muktibodh and others). Through these greatly speeded up and therefore sometimes apparently contrary stages of development, Hindi came abreast of contemporary literary trends and movements sweeping the world. Ajneya bought experimentalism (prayogvaad) in the Hindi literature. Tar Saptak was an influential literary publication-series, launched in 1943, associated with a spirit of experimentalism in Hindi poetry, which, in turn, shaped the New Poetry or Nayi Kavita. In the 1950s, Muktibodh was a significant poet, but not very well known. From 1950 to mid-1960s, it was Ajneya who presided over Hindi poetry. The most prominent exponent of the 'Nayi kavita' (New Poetry) movement in Hindi, he edited the 'Tar Saptaks'. Ajneya edited many literary journals and also launched his own Hindi weekly, Dinaman, thus establishing new standards in the field of Hindi journalism. Ajneya has to his credit sixteen volumes of poetry, three novels, travelogues and several volumes of short stories and essays. Amongst the most well-known of his poetry anthologies are Aangan Ke Paar Dvaar, Chakranta-Shila, Kitni Naavon Mein Kitni Baar, Hari Ghaas Par Kshan-bhar, Indradhanu Raunde Hue ye etc. His major prose works include Shekhar : Ek Jeevani. Agyeya was an extensive traveller, and in course of his travels held visiting positions at various institutions around the world. He received numerous honours such as the Sahitya Akademi award, Jnanpith award, Bharatbharati award and the international Golden Wreath award for poetry. Shamsher Bahadur Singh (1911-93) --- Shamsher Bahadur Singh was born in Dehradun. He was associated with Kahani, Naya Sahitya, Maya, Naya Path and Manohar Kahaniyan, in editorial positions. He edited the Urdu - Hindi Kosh for Delhi University (1965-77). He headed the Premchand Srijan-Pith, Vikram University (1981-85). His poetry-collections include Kuchh Kavitayen, Kuchh Aur Kavitayen, Chuka Bhi Nahin Hun Main, Itne Pas Apne and Bat Bolegi. He received the Madhya Pradesh Sahitya Kala Parishad Tulsi Puraskar (1979) and the Sahitya Akademi award (1977) for his work Chuka Bhi Hun Nahin Main. Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh (1917-64) ---- Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh's first book was published in 1964, when he was on his death-bed : Chand Ka Muh Teda Hai ( The Face of the Moon is Crooked). Bhuri Bhuri Khak Dhul is another work of poetry by Muktibodh. Kath Ka Sapna and Satah Se Uthta Admi are collections of short stories and Vipatra is his novel. Muktibodh Granthavali ( Complete Works) has been published in five volumes. Muktibodh was the forerunner as well as the culmination of the whole progressive movement in Hindi poetry. Kunwar Narayan (b. 1927) --- Kunwar Narayan was born in Faizabad, Uttar Pradesh. He received a Master's degree in English literature from Lucknow University. He is a businessman by profession. He has served as Vice-chairman of the Uttar Pradesh Sangeet Natak Academy in 1976-79 and as a member of the editorial board of Naya Pratik ( The New Symbol), a monthly magazine edited by S. H. Vatsyayan, during 1975-78. Among his important works are Chakravyooh (Poetry), Teesra Saptak (Poetry), Parivesh Hum Tum (Poetry), Koi Doosra Naheen (Poetry), Atmajayee (Epic), Akaron Ke Aas- Paas (Short Stories) and Aaj Aur Aaj Se Pehley (Criticism). Among the honours he has received are Hindustani Academy Award, Prem Chand Award, Tulsi Award, Vyas Samman, Kumarn Asan Award and Sahitya Akademi Award (1995). Address: S-371,Greater Kailash, New Delhi 110 048. Raghuvir Sahay (1929–1990) --- Raghuvir Sahay was born in Lucknow. His was a versatile personality in Hindi --- poet, translator, short-story writer and journalist. He was the editor of the weekly Dinaman. His books of poems include Log Bhool Gaye Hain (They Have Forgotten, 1982), which brought him the Sahitya Akademi Award (1984), Atmahatya Ke Viruddh, Hanso Hanso Jaldi Hanso and Seedhiyon Par Dhoop Hein. Shrikant Verma (1931-86) --- Shrikant Verma was born in Bilaspur, Madhya Pradesh. He received an M.A. in Hindi from Nagpur University. He moved then to Delhi, where he worked in journalism and politics. In 1976 he became an elected member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Indian Parliament. During the late 1970s and early 1980s he was an official and spokesman of the Congress (I) Party. He published nearly twenty books in Hindi. His important collections of poetry are Jalsaghar ( The Pleasure Dome; 1973) and Magadh ( 1984 ). His honours include visits to the Iowa International Writing Program (1970-71 and 1978), and the Madhya Pradesh Government's Tulsi Puraskar in 1976. Kedarnath Singh (b. 1934) --- Kedarnath Singh was born in Chakia in the Ballia District of Uttar Pradesh. He studied at the Benaras Hindu University where he received his Master's degree in 1956 and doctorate in 1964. He taught at various colleges in Benaras, Gorakhpur and Pandrauna, before moving to Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, as Professor of Hindi in 1978. He retired as the Head of Department in 1999 and was appointed Professor Emeritus by the University. He has published several books of poetry, works of prose, poetry translation and criticism. Among his works are Abhi Bilkul Abhi (Poetry), Zamin Pak Rahi Hai (Poetry), Yahan Se Dekho (Poetry), Akal Mein Saras (Poetry), Uttar Kabir aur Anya Kavitayen (Poetry), Kalpana Aur Chhayavaad (Critical Essays), Mere Samay Ke Shabd (Critical Essays), Adhunik Hindi Kavita Mein Bimb Vidhan (Research) and Pratinidhi Kavitaen ( Selected Poems). He has edited an anthology of Hindi poetry after 1960 for the Sahitya Akademi and has translated into Hindi the poetry of Brecht, Baudelaire and Rilke. In the cultural hub of Benaras, he was associated with the Progressive Writers' Movement. The honours and awards Kedarnath has received include Kumaran Asan Award (1980), Delhi Hindi Academy Samman, Nirala Puraskar, Vyas Samman and Sahitya Akademi Award (1989). Address: A 88/3 SFS Flats Saket, New Delhi - 110017. Chandrakant Deotale (b. 1936) --- Chandrakant Deotale was born in Jaulkhera, Betul district, Uttar Pradesh. He taught literature in Government colleges of Madhya Pradesh. Among his publications are Haddiyon Men Chhipa Jvar, Deewaron Par Khoon Se, Roshni Ke Maidan Ki Taraf and Bhookhand Tap Raha Hai. Among the awards and honours he has received are Muktibodh Fellowship, Makhanlal Chaturvedi Puraskar and Shikhar Samman. Dhumil (1936-75) --- Sudama Pandeya 'Dhumil' was born in a village of Varanasi district (Uttar Pradesh). He obtained a Diploma in 'Electrical Engineering' from ITI, Varanasi and worked as an Instructor in the same Institute. Sansad Se Sadak Tak and Kal Sunna Mujhe are two of his poetry collections. Kal Sunana Mujhe was honoured with Sahitya Akademi Award (1979). Vinodkumar Shukla (1937) --- Vinod Kumar Shukla has more than twenty publications to his credit, including Laghbhag Jaihind (poetry), Vah Aadmi Naya Garam Coat Pahankar Chalagaya Vichar Ki Tarah (poetry), Nauker Ki Kameej (novel) and Perh Par Kamra (short stories). Vinod Kumar is the recipient of several awards including Shikhar Samman (1995), Muktibodh Fellowship, Raza Puraskar, Raghuvir Sahay Smriti Puraskar and the Sahitya Akademi Award (1999). Ashok Vajpeyi (b. 1941) --- Ashok Vajpeyi was born in Durg. He acquired a Postgraduate degree from Delhi University. He was a civil servant by profession. He edited journals like Poorvagraha, Kavita Asia and Bahuvachan. He was the first Vice chancellor of Mahatma Gandhi International Hindi University. Among his works are Shahar Ab Bhi Sambhavna Hai (Poetry), Ek Patang Anant Mein (Poetry), Agar Itne Se (Poetry), Tatpurush (Poetry), Kahin Nahin Vahin (Poetry), Ghaas Mein Dubaka Akash (Poetry), Tinka Tinka (Poetry), Bahuri Akela (Poetry), Philhal (Critical Essay), Samay Se Bahar (critical essay) and Thodi Si Jagah (Selected Love Poems). The awards and honours received by him include Dayawati Modi Kavi Shikhar Samman and Sahitya Akademi Award (1994) for Kahin Nahin Wahin (Poetry). Address : A4,First Floor, New Friends Colony, Dr.C.V.Raman Marg, New Delhi 110065. Leeladhar Jagoori (b. 1944) --- Leeladhar Jagoori was a teacher by profession. He has several publications to his credit including Shankha Mukhi Shikharon Par, Natak Jari Hai, Is Yatra Men, Raat Ab Bhi Maujud Hai, Bachi Hui Prithvi Par and Anubhav Ke Aakash Mein Chand. He received the Sahitya Akademi Award (1997) for Anubhav Ke Aakash Mein Chand (Poetry). Address: Jagoori Sadan, Joshiyara, Uttarkashi, Uttaranchl. Mangalesh Dabral (b. 1948) --- Mangalesh Dabral was born in Kafalpani, Tehri Garhwal. He is a poet, a journalist and a translator. He works with Jansatta, the Hindi daily published by the Indian Express Group. Mangalesh has published several collections of poems including Pahar Par Lalten (1981), Ghar Ka Rasta (1988) and Ham Jo Dekhate Hain (1995). He has also published a travel Dairy, Ek Bar Iowa (1996) and a collection of articles, Lekhak Ki Roti (1998). Awards and honours received by him include Omprakash Smriti Samman (1982), Shrikant Verma Puraskar (1989), Shamsher Samman (1995), Pahal Samman (1996) and Sahitya Akademi award (2000) for Hum Jo Dekhte Hain (Poetry).. He has translated from English into Hindi works of Berlolt Brecht, Hans Magnus Enzensberger, Yannis Ritsos, Ernesto Cardenal, Pablo Neruda, Dora Gaben, Stanca Pencheva, Zbigniew Herbert etc. Travelled and gave poetry readings in Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia and Russia. Visited Iowa city as fellow of International Writing Programme at the University of Iowa. Address: 337 Nirman Apartments, Mayur Vihar I, Delhi 110 091. Arun Kamal (b. 1954) --- Arun Kamal was born in Nasariganj, Rohtas (Bihar). He is a Professor in the Department of English, Science College, Patna University. He has several publications to his credit, including Apni Keval Dhar and Naye Ilake Mein. He is also the author of Kavita Aur Samay (Poetry and Time) – a collection of literary essays. He is the recipient of Bharat Bhusan Agrawal award and Soviet Land Nehru award. He received the Sahitya Akademi Award (1998) for his poetry collection, Naye Ilake Mein. Address : 4, 'Maitry' - Shanti Bhavan, R. Das Road, Patna - 800004. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com Teji Grover (b. 1955) --- Teji Grover has published several collections of poetry including Lo Kaha Sanbari and one novel, Neela. Teji has translated a choice of Swedish poets into Hindi, working together with the Swedish writer Lars Andersson;The collection has been published by Vani Prakashan (2001) --- Barf ki Khusboo (The Fragrance of Snow). In 1989, she received the Bharat Bhushan Aggrawal Award for young Hindi poets. She lives in Hoshangabad. Gagan Gill (b. 1959) --- Gagan Gill was born in New Delhi and received an M.A. in English from the University of Delhi. She works as a journalist in Hindi and Punjabi, and has been the literary editor of the Hindi Sunday Observer and the Hindi editor of the Telegraph. Her first work, Ek Din Lautegi Ladaki (The Girl Will Return One Day), appeared in 1989. Other publications of Gagan include Andhere me Buddha, Yah akanksha samay nahin and Thapak thapak dil thapak thapak. Udayan Vajpeyi (b. 1960) ---Udayan Vajpeyi was born in Bhopal. He is a doctor by profession; teaches physiology. He is the author of several books. Anamika (b. 1961) --- Anamika, who holds a doctoral degree in Donne criticism through the ages and did her post-doctoral research on the treatment of love and death in post-war American women poets, is a Lecturer in English at Satyawati College, Delhi. She has authored several collections of poems, novelettes and a collection of short stories. Her works include Samay Ke Shahar Mein,1989, Beejakshar, 1992, Anushtup, 1998, Kavita Mein Aurat, 2000 and Khurduri Hatheliyan, 2005. She has also done several translations, including works of Octavio Paz and Girish Karnad. The awards and honours she has received include Bharat Bhushan Award for Poetry (1996), the Girija Mathur Samman (1998), the Sahityakar Samman (1998), the Parampara Samman (2001) and the Sahityasetu Samman (2004). Jnanapeeta awards 1965 G Sankara Kurup Odakkuzhal (Flute) Malayalam 1966 Tarashankar Bandopadhyaya Ganadevta Bengali 1967 Kuppali Venkatappagowda PuttappaSri Ramayana Darshanam Kannada 1967 Umashankar Joshi Nishitha Gujarati 1968 Sumitranandan Pant Chidambara Hindi 1969 Firaq Gorakhpuri Gul-e-Naghma Urdu 1970 Viswanatha Satyanarayana Ramayana Kalpavrikshamu (A resourceful tree:Ramayana) Telugu 1971 Bishnu Dey Smriti Satta Bhavishyat Bengali 1972 Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' Urvashi Hindi 1973 Dattatreya Ramachandra Bendre Nakutanti (Four Strings) Kannada 1974 Vishnu Sakharam Khandekar Yayati Marathi 1975 P.V.Akilan Chitttrappavai Tamil 1976 Asha Purna Devi Pratham Pratisruti Bengali 1977 K.Shivaram Karanth Mookajjiya Kanasugalu (Mookajjis dreams) Kannada 1978 Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan 'Ajneya'Kitni Navon Men Kitni Bar (How many times in many boats?) Hindi 1979 Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya Mrityunjay (Immortal) Assamese 1980 S. K. Pottekkatt Oru Desattinte Katha (Story of a land) Malayalam 1981 Amrita Pritam Kagaj te Canvas Punjabi 1982 Mahadevi Varma Yama Hindi 1983 Maasti Venkatesh Ayengar Chikkaveera Rajendra (Life and struggle of Kodava King Chikkaveera Rajendra) Kannada 1984 Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai Malayalam 1985 Pannalal Patel Maanavi Ni Bhavaai Gujarati 1986 Sachidanand Rout Roy Oriya 1987 Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar (Kusumagraj) Natsamrat Marathi 1988 Dr.C. Narayana Reddy Telugu 1989 Qurratulain Hyder Urdu 1990 V. K. Gokak Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi Kannada 1991 Subhas Mukhopadhyay Bengali 1992 Naresh Mehta Hindi 1993 Sitakant Mahapatra Oriya 1994 U.R. Ananthamurthy Kannada 1995 M. T. Vasudevan Nair nalukettu Malayalam 1996 Mahasweta Devi Bengali 1997 Ali Sardar Jafri Urdu 1998 Girish Karnad Tuglaq Kannada 1999 Nirmal Verma Hindi 1999 Gurdial Singh Punjabi 2000 Indira Goswami Assamese 2001 Rajendra Keshavlal Shah Gujarati 2002 D. Jayakanthan Tamil 2003 Vinda Karandikar Marathi 2004 Rahman Rahi Kashmiri [5] SAHITYA ACADEMY AWARDEES - HINDI YEAR WRITER BOOK 1955 Makhanlal Chaturvedi Him-Tarangini (Poetry) 1956 Vasudevasaran Agrawala Padmavat Sanjivini Vyakhya (Commentary) 1957 Acharya Nerendra Dev Bauddha Dharama Darshan (Philosophy) 1958 Rahul Sankrityayan Madhya Asia Ka Itihas (History) 1959 Ramdhari Sinha 'Dinkar' Sanskrit Ke Char Adhyaya (A Survey of Indian Culture) 1960 Sumitranandan Pant Kala aur Bhura Chand (Poetry) 1961 Bhagwaticharan Verma Bhoole Bisre Chitra (Novel) 1963 Amrit Rai Premchand: Kalam Ka Sipahi (Biography) 1964 'Agyeya' (S.H. Vatsyayan) Aangan Ke Par Dvar (Poetry) 1965 Nagendra Rasa Sidhanta (Treatise on poetics) 1966 Jainendra Kumar Muktibodh (Novelette) 1967 Amritlal Nagar Amrit aur Vish (Novel) 1968 Harivansh Rai Bachchan Do Chattanen (Poetry) 1969 Shrilal Shukla Rag Darbari (Novel) 1970 Ram Vilas Sharma Nirala Ki Sahitya Sadhana (Biography) 1971 Namwar Singh Kavita Ke Naye Pratiman (Literary criticism) 1972 Bhawani Prasad Mishra Buni Huyi Rassi (Poetry) 1973 Hazari Prasad Dwivedi Alok Parva (Essays) 1974 Shiv Mangal Singh 'Suman Mati Ki Baraat (Poetry) 1975 Bhisham Sahni Tamas (Novel) 1976 Yashpal Meri Teri Uski Baat (Poetry) 1977 Shamsher Bahadur Singh Chuka Bhi Hun Nahin Main (Poetry) 1978 Bharat Bhushan Agarwal Utna Vah Suraj Hai (Poetry) 1979 Dhoomil Kal Sunana Mujhe (Poetry) 1980 Krishna Sobti Zindaginama-Zinda Rukh (Novel) 1981 Trilochan Tap Ke Taye Hue Din (Poetry) 1982 Harishankar Parsai Viklang Shraddha Ka Daur (Satire) 1983 Sarveshwar Dayal Saxena Khutiyon Par Tange Log (Poetry) 1984 Raghuvir Sahai Log Bhool Gaye Hain (Poetry) 1985 Nirmal Varma Kavve aur Kala Pani (Short stories) 1986 Kedarnath Aggarwal Apurva (Poetry) 1987 Shrikant Verma Magadh (Poems) 1988 Naresh Mehta Aranya (Poems) 1989 Kedarnath Singh Akaal Mein Saras (Poetry) 1990 Shiv Prasad Singh Neela Chand (Novel) 1991 Girija Kumar Mathur Main Vaqt Ke Hun Samne (Poetry) 1992 Giriraj Kishore Dhai Ghar (Novel) 1993 Vishnu Prabhakar Ardhanarishwar (Novel) 1994 Ashok Vajpeyi Kahin Nahi Wahin (Poetry) 1995 Kunwar Narain Koi Doosra Nahin (Poetry) 1996 Surendra Verma Mujhe Chand Chahiye (Novel) 1997 Leeladhar Jagoori Anubhav Ke Aakash Mein Chand (Poetry) 1998 Arun Kamal Naye Ilake Mein (Poetry) 1999 Vinod Kumar Shukla Deewar Main Ek Khirkee Rahathi Thi (Novel) 2000 Manglesh Dabral Hum Jo Dekhte Hain (Poetry) 2001 Alka Saraogi Kali-Katha : Via Bypass (Novel) 2002 Rajesh Joshi Do Panktiyon Ke Beech (Poems) 2003 Kamleshwar Kitne Pakistan (Novel) 2004 Viren Dangwal Dushchakra Mein Srashta(Poetry) 2005 Manohar Shyam Joshi Kyap (Novel) (No Award in 1962) Kabir (1398-1468 or 1440-1518) was born to Julaha (Muslim weavers) parents. Kabir is known for his voluminous Kabir Granthavali which contains various verse forms with love as the dominant motif. He employed the bhakti (devotional) sensibility to resist the world-view which imposed the degradation on him and his fellow low-born. His devotional couplets dohas have played a vital role in moulding the Indian ethos. Goswami Tulasidas (1532-1623) is the finest poet that Hindi literature has produced to date. His works, of which Ramcharitamanas (The Lake that is the Story of Rama) is unarguably the greatest, are relevant at three levels-aesthetic, moral and social. His lofty idealism continues to inspire his readers, even today. Bihari (1595-1664) achieved immortal fame by writing just one book Satasai (Seven Hundred Verses). His name finds mention in the Imperial Gazeteer alongwith Tulsidas and Surdas. He wrote in Brijbhasha ( a dialect spoken in the Brij region of Uttar Pradesh) about love. To him God was love, love God. His couplets have been compared to barbs, for they strike deep. Munshi Premchand (1880-1936) was the foremost novelist in Hindi and Urdu. His last completed novel in Hindi, also acclaimed as his finest, was Godan (The Gift of a Cow, 1936). The greatness of Godan lies in its unparalleled and indepth depiction of the Indian rural milieu. It has been translated into almost all the major Indian languages as well as many foreign languages. Premchand's other epic novels include Rangabhumi (The Theatre or Arena, 1925) and Karmabhumi (Arena of Action,1932) where the focus is on the nationalist struggle of the country. Maithili Sharan Gupt (1886-1964) is considered as one of the pioneers of 'Khari Boli' (plain dialect) poetry and the author of the first ever epic in modern Hindi literature. In his literary career spanning 57 years, Gupt has written over sixty works, comprising forty nine collections and seventeen translations of poetry and drama. He was perhaps, the only poet in Independent India to be honoured with the title 'National Poet'. In Saket (Ayodhya, 1932), the poet draws on the mythological tale of Rama, falling back heavily on Tulasidas's epic Ramcharitamanas. Also evident are influences of Valmiki's Ramayana, Bhavabhuti's play Uttara Rama Charita, Kalidasa's Raghuvamsa and the Mahabharata of Vyasa. Jaishankar Prasad (1889-1937) is one of the pioneers of the Hindi literary movement called Chayavada. Lehar (Wave), his last collection of poems was published before his great poem, Kamayani (1936), and clearly demonstrates his lyrical and narrative mastery. Alongwith Ansu (Tears), an earlier long poem and Kamana, an allegorical play, Lehar forms a prelude to Kamayani, an allegorical epic poem. His unique sense of history and remarkable insight into the spiritual malady that plagues modern civilisation, set Jaishankar Prasad apart from his poetic peers. Suryakant Tripathi (1899-1961) achieved fame through his pen-name 'Nirala' (the unique), deriving inspiration from the best minds of the Indian Renaissance, then flourishing in Bengal. Nirala was a born genius and sans formal education, studied Indian classics, philosophy and culture. Deeply rooted in Indian culture, he stood against the Establishment, gaining recognition as a poet of revolt. Besides twelve collections of poetry, which included Apara (The Earthly Knowledge, 1947) Nirala also penned six novels, many short stories, essays and criticism, and also translated from Sanskrit and Bengali. Renowned for his prose, Nirala is also associated with bringing in free verse in the modern era. Sumitranandan Pant (1900-77), author of twenty eight published works including poetry, verse plays and essays, was honoured with the prestigious Padma Bhushan (1961), Jnanpith (1968), Sahitya Akademi and Soviet Land-Nehru Awards for his immense contribution to the Hindi literary scene. His poetry epitomised the Indian thought of Satyam, Shivam, Sundaram (the true, the good, the beautiful). A prominent of the Chayavada movement, Pant's greatest poems were penned during this period. When the movement was on the decline, Pant was the poet who effortlessly made the transition from aesthetic mysticism to the temporal, doing so in terms of the Marxist ideology. This phase later gave way to the larger humanism of Aurobindo. Thus in his later writings, Pant the aesthete emerged as a thinker, philosopher and humanist. His finest work, by far, is Pallav, a collection of thirty two poems written between 1918 and 1925. Yashpal (1903-76) is renowned for Jhutha Sach (The False Truth, 1958-60), regarded as the finest Hindi novel written on the chaotic Indian scenario which followed closely on the heels of the Partition. A Marxist till the very end, Yashpal's ideology immensely influenced his writings. He has forty two books to his credit, excluding translated works. Hazariprasad Dwivedi (1907-79), a famous novelist, literary historian, essayist, critic and scholar, penned numerous novels, collections of essays and a historical outline of Hindi literature. His principal works include Kabir, and Banabhatta Ki Atmakatha (The Autobiography of Banabhatta, 1946), a literary depiction of the life and times of the classical poet. The latter is in the mode of a fiction within fiction. The author pretends to have accidentally found the entire work, his own role in creating it being 'minimal'. Mahadevi Verma (1907-87) was educated in Allahabad, where she founded the 'Prayag Mahila Vidyapitha', promoting the education of girls. An active freedom fighter, Mahadevi Verma is regarded as one of the four pillars of the great Romantic movement in modern Hindi poetry, Chayavada, the remaining three being Suryakant Tripathi 'Nirala', Jaishankar Prasad and Sumitranandan Pant. She is renowned for her book of memoirs, Atita Ke Chalcitra (The Moving Frames of the Past) and Smriti Ki Rekhayen (The Lines of Memory). Her poetic canvas boasts Dipshikha (The Flame of an Earthen Lamp, 1942), a book comprising fifty one lyrics, all of which carry the maturity of expression and intense mystical quality peculiar to this great artiste. Her mysticism led to the birth of a movement called Rahasyavada. Mahadevi Verma has often been compared with Mira Bai, the great 16th century devotional poetess, in her lyrical mysticism and deep devotional offerings to the Almighty. Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' (1908-74) emerged as rebellious poet with his nationalist poetry in pre- Independence days. After the country's Independence , he was often referred to as the national poet of India, though officially the title belonged to Maithili Sharan Gupt. He belongs to the generation immediately following the Chayavadi (romantic) poets. Dinkar is renowned for his personal lyrics, apart from a few historical and nationalist compositions. His verse play, Urvashi, (1961)is a dramatic departure from his earlier poetry of social concern, as it deals with love and passion, the earthy and the sublime, and man-woman relationship transcending the physical. A Jnanpith Award winner (1972), the book is the culmination of a poet's spiritual journey. It is a landmark document involving introspection and philosophical delving into the Kamadhyatma, The Metaphysic of Desire. Nagarjun (b. 1911), is amjor Hindi poet who has also penned a number of novels, short stories, literary biographies and travelogues. His Pratinidhi Kavitayen (A Collection of Representative Poems, 1984)was written over four decades. It contains almost eighty Hindi poems as well as a small section of poetry in Maithili, his mother-tongue, where he is better known as Baidyanath Mishra 'Yatri'. Nagarjun creates poetry out of the most mundane things in life, employing the language of everyday speech and thus bringing poetry as an art form closer to the common man. The most popular practising Hindi poet in the last decades of the twentieth century, Nagarjun is considered as the only poet, after Tulsidas, to have an audience ranging from the rural sections of society to the elitist gatherings. S. H. Vatsyayan (1911-87), (Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayana), popularly known by his pen- name 'Ajneya' or Agyeya, was a pioneer of modern trends not only in the realm of poetry, but also fiction, criticism and journalism in Hindi. An eminent freedm fighter, Ajneya has to his credit sixteen volumes of poetry, three novels, travelogues and several volumes of short stories and essays. He edited the Saptak series which triggered new trends in Hindi poetry, known a 'Nai Kavita'. He edited many literary journals and also launched his own Hindi weekly, Dinaman, thus establishing new standards in the field of Hindi journalism.Ajneya was honoured with the Sahitya Akademi Award, Jnanpith Award, Bharatbharati Award and the internationally reputed Golden Wreath Award for poetry.His famous works include Amgan Ke Par Dvara (The Door Beyond the Courtyard) and a cycle of poems, Chakranta Shila. Vishnu Prabhakar (b. 1912), with several short stories, novels, plays and travelogues to his credit, won the Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel, Ardhanarishwara (The Androgynous God or Shiva). His biography of the eminent Bengali novelist, Saratchandra Chatterjee, Awara Masiha (Vagabond Prophet, 1974) is however considered not only, to be his magnum opus, but also one of the three best Hindi biographies written so far. Awara Masiha, a subtle combination of fact and fiction, took Prabhakar around fouteen years to finish. Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' (1921-77), popularly known as Renu, is one of the great Hindi novelists of the post-Premchand era. An active political activist, one of Renu's masterpieces is Maila Anchal (The Soiled Border, 1954), a social novel that depicts the life of a region and its people, the backward and the deprived. A trailblazer in the post-Premchand period, the novel radically changed the structure and narrative style in Hindi novels. The distinct feature in the novel is that it does not possess a structured plot or story in the conventional sense. After Premchand's Godan, Maila Anchal is regarded as the most significant Hindi novel. Shrilal Shukla (b.1925), an IAS officer, is renowned for his objective and purposive satire in contemporary Hindi fiction. In 1957, he published his first novel, Sooni Ghat ka Sooraj (The Sun of a Desolate Valley) followed by a series of satires Amgada Ka Pamva (Angada's Foot) in 1958. His Raag Darbari (Melody of the Court, one of the ragas, 1968) is the first satirical novel of its kind in Hindi spanning a wide spectrum of post-Independence rural India, specifically Avadh. It was Shrilal Shukla who took wit, irony and sarcasm to great heights in Hindi literature. Raag Darbari is generously peppered with folk witticisms of Avadhi, the powerful dialect in which Tulasidas, Malik Mohammad Jayasi and many Sufi poets made their mark. Mohan Rakesh (1925-72) was one of the pioneers of the Nai Kahani movement in Hindi in the 1950s. Rakesh made significant contribution to various genres, like nove, short story, travelogue, criticism, memoirs and drama. His Ashadha Ka Ek Din (One Day in The Rainy Month of Ashadha, 1958) is a historical play suggestive of the personal dilemmas of a present day writer. Ashadha Ka Ek Din is one of the first major original plays that revived the Hindi stage in the 1960s. Among his other plays is, Adhe Adhure (The Incomplete Ones) is extremely popular with the modern middle- class audiences, and Lehron Ke Rajhamsa (The Swans of the Waves), a close study of the renunciation of the Buddha, and its effect on his own people. Dharmavir Bharati (b. 1926) is a renowned poet, fictionist and editor. Essentially a romantic humanist, Bharati is famous for his poignant treatment of first love, his lyricism and humanistic vision. One of his famous works is Andha Yuga (The Blind Age or The Age of Darkness), one of the most celebrated modern Hindi plays. Bharati has been honoured with some of the highest literary and State awards, including the Padma Shri. Raghuvir Sahay (1929-90) was a versatile Hindi poet, translator, short-story writer and journalist. The editor of the weekly Dinaman, Sahay's five books of poems includes Log Bhool Gaye Hain (They Have Forgotten, 1982) which won him the Sahitya Akademi Award. The poet of the common man, Sahay dealt with topics hitherto unexplored by other Hindi male poets. His treatment of women in his works is extraordinarily sensitive. His Atmahatya Ke Viruddha (Against Suicide, 1967) comprises 36 poems. A powerful democratic sensibility and great concern for the dispossessed, especially women, is the hallmark of his works. The marginalisation of the average person, hypocrisy of the powers that be, and the brutish violence that has crept into the system are some of his principal themes. But perseverance and going on with life clearly emerge as his mottos. Nirmal Verma (b.1929) together with Mohan Rakesh, Bhisham Sahni, Kamleshwar, Amarkant and others, is credited with introducing and establishing the Nai Kahani (the modernist new short story) in Hindi literature. His technical wizardry and cosmopolitan sensibility render Nirmal Verma a one-of-a-kind artiste. Although he has published four novels, six collections of essays and cultural criticism, it is his short stories that beautifully bring out his ethereal sensitivity, lyricism and profound compassion. Kavve aur Kala Paani (Crows and the Black Waters, 1983) translated as The Crows of Deliverance, comprises seven of Verma's latest stories, which deal with the spiritual ills that afflict his characters, mostly from the urban middle class. Mir Amman (later 17th and early 18th century): Mir Amman is known for his tale Bagh-o-Bahar (The Spring Garden). Bagh-o-Bahar is a qissa, a tale of fair length. Mir Amman, an employee of the College of Fort William at Calcutta, wrote it at the request of John Gilchrist, the famous scholar. Mir Amman's tale is rather a retelling - in simpler and more effective Urdu - of a linguistically more elaborate and difficult Urdu translation of an 18th century Indo-Persian tale whose author is not known. In Persian it is usually referred to as The Qissa of Four Dervishes. Bagh-o-Bahar was prepared in 1801. Mir Taqi Mir (1723-1810): Mir Taqi Mir was the first of the top ranking poets of Urdu. His fame and greatness is based on his bulky volume of collected verse, i.e. Kulliyat-e-Mir, almost all of it on themes of love. His Muamlat-e-Ishq (The Stages of Love) is one of the greatest known love poems in Urdu literature. Mirza Ghalib (1797-1869): An aristocrat, courtier at the pre-1857 Mughal court, wit, poet and prose-writer in both Persian and Urdu, Mirza Asadullah Khan Ghalib was the greatest of all the classical Urdu poets, and his Persian verse is of the same high quality. His Divan-e-Ghalib has become the touchstone of poetic taste. In 1828 he compiled a combined selection of his Urdu and Persian verse Gul-e-Rana. His Urdu Diwan was published in 1847. Ghalib was a prolific writer of letters too. Ghalib's poetry is very philosophical and rich in meaning. He was undoubtedly the heavy-weight of Urdu poetry who ruled and continues to rule the hearts of connoiseurs of Urdu literature. At times quite difficult to decipher, his poetry has a depth that remains a benchmark in this beautiful language. Mirza Mohd. Hadi Ruswa (1858-1931): One of the pioneers of Urdu novel in the modern sense of the term, Ruswa was a versatile genius. He wrote fiction, poetry, plays, treatises on Religion, Philosophy and Astronomy. In his celeberated Umrao Jan Ada (a novel about a courtesan) Ruswa achieved an artistic success unequalled in his own time and for a long time afterwards. Sir Mohammed Iqbal (1877-1938): Born in Sialkot, Iqbal obtained a Ph.D from Munich for his work on the metaphysics of Persia. He developed his philosophy of Khudi (Selfhood) in which influences of Rumi and German Vitalism were assimilated into Quaranic thought. His principal works are Bang-e-Dara (Caravan's Call) 1924, Bal-e-Jibreel (Gabriel's Wing) 1935, Zarb-e-Kaleem (The Blow of Moses) 1936 and Armughan-e-Hijaz (The Gift of Hijaz) 1938. Some of his best known poems are Zauk-e-Shauk (The Longing), Masjid-e-Qartaba (The Mosque of Cordova) and Saqi Nama (Ode to Saqi). Premchand (1880-1936): Premchand was born on July 31, 1880 in a village called "Lamahi", about four miles from the city of Benares, to an ordinary working family. He is one of the greatest writers of the 20th century India who wrote both in Urdu and Hindi. A prolific writer, he wrote some 12 novels and 300 short stories. He brought into the ambit of literature the life of ordinary people of India - the masses in the villages among whom he lived. His best known works are Godan, Maidan-e-Amal, Karmbhoomi, Nirmala, Gaban, Sevaasadan, Manorama, Premaashram, Varadaan, Ranga Bhoomi, Prathijna, etc. Premchand's writings have been translated not only into all Indian languages, but also Russian, Chinese, and many other foreign languages. He spent his life as an ordinary school teacher, freedom fighter, social reformer and editor. Abul Kalam Azad (1888-1958): Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, one of the prominent Indian National leaders, was an eminent Urdu writer with a philosophical bend. His works include Tarjuman-ul- Quran (Commentary on the Quran), Tazkirah (Autobiographical Account) Ghubar-e-Khatir (The Dust of Memories). Universally acclaimed for its literary merit, Ghubar-e-Khatir represents Azad's versatile genius and multifaceted personality. It has its own place in the genre of epistolary literature. Firaq Gorakhpuri (1896-1982): Raghupati Sahai Firaq is one of the major Indian poets of this century, both in terms of contribution he made to the enrichment of Urdu poetry and the influence he exercised upon his age. Sublimation of pain and celebration of human love are the characteristic features of Firaq's ghazal. Firaq's first collection of verse is Gul-e-Nagma (The Music Flower) won the Sahitya Academy Award in 1960. Makhdoom Mohiuddin (1908-'69): Born in a village in Medak, a district of the former princely state of Hyderabad, Makhdoom Mohiuddin grew up to become a poet of incredible versatility. He is best known for his verse collection Bisat-e-Raqs (The Dance Floor). His published works include an essay Tagore amd his Poetry, a play, Hosh ke Nakhun (Unravelling), an adaptation of Shaw's Widowers' Houses, and a collection of prose essays. Bisat-e-Raqs is a complete collection of Makhdoom's verse including his two earlier collections Surkh Savera (The Red Dawn) 1944, and Gul-e-Tar (The Dewdrenched Rose) 1961 Faiz Ahmed Faiz (1911-84): The Urdu poet who became a legend during his lifetime, and who may be ranked next only to Ghalib, Mir, Firaq and Iqbal is Faiz Ahmed Faiz. Poet, journalist and liberal humanist Faiz was committed to the uplift of the downtrodden and the oppressed. Faiz published seven collections of verse, Naqsh-e-Faryadi being the first and the greatest. His collected works, Sare Sukhan Hamare appeared from London in1982 and Nuskha-hae-Wafa from Lahore and Delhi in 1984. Ismat Chughtai (1915-1991): A crusader for the rights of women and the downtrodden, Ismat Chughtai was a leading fiction writer in Urdu. Her major short story collections are Kaliyan (The Buds), Choten (Injuries), Chooi Mooi (Fragile), Ek Baat (A Point) and Do Haath (Two Hands). Her novels are Tehri- Lakeer (The Crooked Line), Ziddi (The Obstinate), Ek Qatra-e-Khoon (A Drop of Blood), Dil Ki Duniya (Heart's World) and Bahroop Nagar (The Deceptive Town) Rajinder Singh Bedi (1915-'84): Born and educated near Sialkot (now in Pakistan) Bedi started his writing career in Lahore where he worked for the All India Radio. Two of his collections of short stories, Dana-o-Daam (The Catch) and Grehan (The Eclipse) were published before the Partition. His novel Ek Chader Maili Si (A Sheet Soiled and Torn) first published in 1972 won the Sahitya Academy Award. Qurratulain Hyder (b.1927): A trendsetter in Urdu fiction. She began writing at a time when the novel was yet to establish itself as a serious genre in the poetry-oriented world of Urdu literature. She lifted it out of its stagnation, divested it of its obsession with fantasy, romance and facile realism. She offered it extraordinary range and depth and brought to its ambit, hitherto unexplored terrains of human thought and sensibility. A prolific writer, she has so far written some 12 novels and novellas, four collections of short stories and has done a significant amount of translation of classics. She received the Jnanpith Award on her later novel, Aakhir-e-Shab ke Hamsafar (Travellers Unto the Night). Aag ka Darya (River of Fire) is her greatest novel which is a tour de force in Urdu and possibly in Indian fiction as a whole. Saadat Hasan Manto (1912-55), one of the few Urdu writers who both shaped and flouted the prevailing ideologies of his time, continues to speak in a fresh voice to contemporary readers. A member of the Progressive Writers' Movement, which swept through Urdu literature from 1935 to 1960, Manto was a very controversial figure. Although he contributed to several literary genres, he was at his best in his collections of short stories. These stories written before Independence, reflect his genuine concern for progressive aims and portray the goodness of lower class characters who dwell on the fringes of society. His stories boldly challenged the conventional mores by unabashedly discussing male and female sexuality. A recurrent theme of these works is the exploitation of women by supposedly respectable men, focussing on the decrepit lives of prostitutes. Manto, like many of the Progressives, was deeply traumatised by the Partition. and expressed his feelings in many of his stories. He learnt to pen short stories by studying the works of the 19th century French and Russian realists. His stubborn upholding of his personal point of view and choice of subject matter, in the face of public censure, continues to inspire budding writers even today. Manto ke Numainda Afsane (Short stories of Manto), has been translated as Kingdom's End and other stories. Toba Tek Singh, Khol Do, and Thanda Ghosht are some of his stories known for the ambivalent depiction of man and his relationship with man, country and woman. Ali Sardar Jafri (1913): Winner of the 1997 Jnanpith award for his contribution to the enrichment of Urdu literature, Jafri was born in Ballarpur town of Uttar Pradesh. He is the third Urdu poet to have won the Jnanpith award, the other two being Firaq and Quarratulain Hyder. The books that established him as a distinguished Indian writer are Parwaz, Nai Duniya Ko Salaam, Khoon Ki Lakeer, Asia Jag Utha, Patthar Ki Deewar, Ek Khwaab Aur, Pairahan-e-Sharar, Lahu Pukarta Hai and Manzil. Phanishwar Nath 'Renu' (1921-77), popularly known as Renu, is one of the great Hindi novelists of the post-Premchand era. An active political activist, one of Renu's masterpieces is Maila Anchal (The Soiled Border, 1954), a social novel that depicts the life of a region and its people, the backward and the deprived. A trailblazer in the post-Premchand period, the novel radically changed the structure and narrative style in Hindi novels. The distinct feature in the novel is that it does not possess a structured plot or story in the conventional sense. After Premchand's Godan, Maila Anchal is regarded as the most significant Hindi novel. Shrilal Shukla (b.1925), an IAS officer, is renowned for his objective and purposive satire in contemporary Hindi fiction. In 1957, he published his first novel, Sooni Ghat ka Sooraj (The Sun of a Desolate Valley) followed by a series of satires Amgada Ka Pamva (Angada's Foot) in 1958. His Raag Darbari (Melody of the Court, one of the ragas, 1968) is the first satirical novel of its kind in Hindi spanning a wide spectrum of post-Independence rural India, specifically Avadh. It was Shrilal Shukla who took wit, irony and sarcasm to great heights in Hindi literature. Raag Darbari is generously peppered with folk witticisms of Avadhi, the powerful dialect in which Tulasidas, Malik Mohammad Jayasi and many Sufi poets made their mark. Mohan Rakesh (1925-72) was one of the pioneers of the Nai Kahani movement in Hindi in the 1950s. Rakesh made significant contribution to various genres, like nove, short story, travelogue, criticism, memoirs and drama. His Ashadha Ka Ek Din (One Day in The Rainy Month of Ashadha, 1958) is a historical play suggestive of the personal dilemmas of a present day writer. Ashadha Ka Ek Din is one of the first major original plays that revived the Hindi stage in the 1960s. Among his other plays is, Adhe Adhure (The Incomplete Ones) is extremely popular with the modern middle- class audiences, and Lehron Ke Rajhamsa (The Swans of the Waves), a close study of the renunciation of the Buddha, and its effect on his own people. Dharmavir Bharati (b. 1926) is a renowned poet, fictionist and editor. Essentially a romantic humanist, Bharati is famous for his poignant treatment of first love, his lyricism and humanistic vision. One of his famous works is Andha Yuga (The Blind Age or The Age of Darkness), one of the most celebrated modern Hindi plays. Bharati has been honoured with some of the highest literary and State awards, including the Padma Shri. Raghuvir Sahay (1929-90) was a versatile Hindi poet, translator, short-story writer and journalist. The editor of the weekly Dinaman, Sahay's five books of poems includes Log Bhool Gaye Hain (They Have Forgotten, 1982) which won him the Sahitya Akademi Award. The poet of the common man, Sahay dealt with topics hitherto unexplored by other Hindi male poets. His treatment of women in his works is extraordinarily sensitive. His Atmahatya Ke Viruddha (Against Suicide, 1967) comprises 36 poems. A powerful democratic sensibility and great concern for the dispossessed, especially women, is the hallmark of his works. The marginalisation of the average person, hypocrisy of the powers that be, and the brutish violence that has crept into the system are some of his principal themes. But perseverance and going on with life clearly emerge as his mottos. Nirmal Verma (b.1929) together with Mohan Rakesh, Bhisham Sahni, Kamleshwar, Amarkant and others, is credited with introducing and establishing the Nai Kahani (the modernist new short story) in Hindi literature. His technical wizardry and cosmopolitan sensibility render Nirmal Verma a one-of-a-kind artiste. Although he has published four novels, six collections of essays and cultural criticism, it is his short stories that beautifully bring out his ethereal sensitivity, lyricism and profound compassion. Kavve aur Kala Paani (Crows and the Black Waters, 1983) translated as The Crows of Deliverance, comprises seven of Verma's latest stories, which deal with the spiritual ills that afflict his characters, mostly from the urban middle class. Thunchat Ezhuthachan (16th century) is one of the giants among Malayalam poets. Believed to have been born in Trkkantiyur in Malappuram district, Ezhuthachan is considered as the father of modern Malayalam poetry, who gave the language a power not known before. He has also made significant contribution to the spiritual and cultural renaissance of the state. Mahabharatam is the most important among Ezhuthachan's poetical works, the rest being, Adhyatmaramayanam, Irupattinalu Vrttam, Harinamakirttanam, Cintaratnam, Devimahatmyam. His Mahabharatam, the greatest epic poem in Malayalam, though a rendering from the Sanskrit epic by Vyasa, possesses all the necessary attributes of an original work of art. Kunchan Nambiar (18th century) is considered as the creator of Thullal, a popular performing art of Kerala. Thullal avoids the high-brow rigidities of classical art forms like Kathakali and Koodiyattam, and also steers clear of the pedestrian folk forms such as Padayani. It blends the finer elements of both the genres, in formulating its strategies of performance and narration. Nambiar's Kalyana Saughandikam, (the golden water-lily) is believed to be the first among the forty odd Thullal songs he has composed for the stage. It was while enjoying the patronage of king Devanarayana of Chempakasseri, as a courtier that he composed the aforementioned Thullal song. His songs though dealing with puranic themes, abound in pungent and biting social criticism. Armed with satire and humour, Nambiar ridiculed the failings of his contemporaries and insisted on proper conduct and civilised behaviour from all sections of the society. O. Chandu Menon (1847-1900), is considered one of the two pioneers of Malayalam fiction (the other being C. V. Raman Pillai). A Munsiff and later Judge at Tellicherry of the erstwhile Malabar, Menon has to his credit two novels Indulekha and Sarada, the latter remaining incomplete. Indulekha occupies a unique niche among Malayalam movels, in that it marked the dawn of modernity in the literature, highlighting the value of English education and the right of women to assert themselves in issues like their marriage and education. Even as a work of art, the novel was a trendsetter in its wonderful delineation of characters. Kumaran Asan (1873-1924) is a reputed Malayalam poet. All his major works including Chinthavishtayaya Sita, belong to a certain class of poetic writing, casually mentioned in the texts on Sanskrit poetics as Khanda Kavya. Chinthavishtayaya Sita (Sita in Meditation, 1919) is regarded by many as the masterpiece of Kumaran Asan. It marks the zenith of poetic finesse in the career graph of Asan, wherein the authenticity of his unique vision resulted in the creation of an almost new Sita who could confront Rama without flinching. Veena Poovu (Fallen Flower), Nalini and Leela are some of his other great works. Vallathol Narayana Menon (1878-1958) - In the early decades of the 20th century, Malayalam poetry, fettered for a time by repetitive neo-classical works, was rejuvenated and liberated by the trio of Kumaran Asan, Ulloor S. Parameswara Iyer and Vallathol Narayana Menon. Vallathol, the youngest of the three, knew little English; yet by his intuitive capacity, he imbibed the spirit of romanticism which infused new life in Malayalam literature. A classicist by discipline, Vallathol started composing poems at the age of 13. His mature poems in Sanskrit and in Malayalam appeared only after 1910, and he translated Rigveda into Malayalam at the age of 75. His major works include Magdalana Mariam (1921)- an exquisite narrative poem based on an episode in the life of Christ as depicted in the gospel according to St. Luke. A patron of Kathakali, Vallathol founded the Kalamandalam institute at Cheruthuruthy. When India won freedom, he was made the Poet Laureate of Malayalam Language and Literature. Vaikom Muhammad Basheer (1908-94) is regarded as one of India's most outstanding writers, on account of his superlative wit and originality. A freedom fighter, Basheer started writing short stories in 1937. Balyakalasakhi (Childhood Friend, 1944), a simple tale of love, friendship and tragedy, earned him a place in Malayalam literature. This was followed by Ntuppuppakkoraanentarnnu (Me Grandad 'ad an Elephant, 1951), the English translation of which, by R. E. Asher of Edinburgh University, won worldwide acclaim. Basheer's major works are peopled with characters drawn from his own Muslim milieu, whom he depicts in a manner that creates a strange combination of laughter and tears within the reader. Mathilukal (Walls, 1955) is another great novella by Basheer which was made into a successful motion picture by the renowned film- maker Adoor Gopalakrishnan. Changampuzha Krishna Pillai (1911-48) is one of the most popular poets in Malayalam literature, second only to Kunchan Nambiar in bringing poetry to the common man. If Nambiar is famous for his fine sense of humour, Changampuzha is renowned for his exquisite strain of lyricism. Belonging to the third generation of Romantics in Malayalam, he led pure romanticism to its very zenith. A prolific writer, with a writing career spanning two decades, Changampuzha produced more than 40, 000 lines of verse collected in around 44 volumes; this in addition to more than a dozen works in prose, including a novel, Kalittoli (Girlfriend, 1952) and an essay of literary criticism, Sahityachinthakal (Thoughts on Literature). Immensely well-read in world literature, especially poetry, Changampuzha translated many works into Malayalam. Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai (b. 1912) started off as a small-town lawyer but took to full time writing later and won himself the Sahitya Akademi Award (1957), Soviet Land-Nehru Award (1975) and Jnanpith Award (1984). His Chemmeen (The Shrimps) is one of the few works of fiction in an Indian language to gain worldwide recognition. The novel has been translated in all the major Indian languages and also in quite a few foreign languages. The film version of Chemmeen received the President's Gold Medal in 1966. O. V. Vijayan (b. 1931) is undoubtedly the pioneer of modern fiction in Malayalam. A cartoonist, novelist and short-story writer, Vijayan has to his credit five novels, including Khasakkinte Itihasam (The Saga of Khasak, 1969), Dharmapuranam (The Saga of Dharmapuri, 1985) and Pravachakante Vazhi (The Way of the Prophet, 1993) besides many collections of short stories and articles and a book on his own masterpiece, Itihasathinte Itihasam (The Story of the Saga). Vijayan who started his career as lecturer in Kerala, soon opted for full-time journalism and making cartoons. Madhavikutty (b. 1932) is the pen-name adopted by Kamala Das in her Malayalam writings. Though internationally renowned for her spirited poems in English, Kamala Das nee Madhavikutty has penned some brilliant short stories in her mother tongue. Her pseudonym represents the more intense and confessional self of this feminist writer. Her stories first appeared on the Malayalam literary scene in the 1950s, and later more frequently, in the sixties. She unleashed in them the pent-up world of female urges, frustrations and wild sexual fantasies, thus exposing the raw side of human identity. Madhavikutty's focus has always been on the tormented female self craving for love, but doomed to be cheated, exploited and abandoned. She replaced the self-pity that was a staple element of conventional women's stories with a subversive, vengeful imagination that demythified love, sex and even death. Her principal works include Naricheerukal Parakkumbol (When Bats Fly, 1960), Thanuppu (Cold, 1967), Madhavikuttiyude Kathakal (The Short Stories of Madhavikutty, 1982), and Neypayasam (Rice Pudding, 1991) and Ente Katha (My Story). T. Padmanabhan (b. 1931), a distinguished short-story writer in Malayalam, has been writing since 1948, except for a brief period between 1963 to 1969. He has been credited with bringing the modern Malayalam short story nearer to the subjective intensity of the lyric. Many of his works have been translated into various Indian and foreign languages. It was when the short story reached a saturation point as a result of the repeated depiction of romantic idealism and social commitment that T. Padmanabhan emerged on the scene with a unique and highly individualistic idiom. Among his major works are Prakasam Parathunna Oru Penkutti (A Girl Who Spreads Radiance, 1955), Oru Kathakrittu Kurishil (A Story writer on the Cross, 1956), Makhan Singhinte Maranam (The Death of Makhan Singh, 1958) , Kala Bhairavan and Gouri (1993). M. T. Vasudevan Nair (b. 1933), the famous Malayalam story-writer, novelist and editor has to his credit a number of fine films as well: he has written the script for a number of outstanding films besides having directed a few. Winner of several awards including the Jnanpith, Vasudevan nair, popularly known as M. T., burst into the literary scene with his maiden work, Nalukettu (the ancestral home of a Nair joint family), followed by Asuravithu (Asuravittu; Demon's seed: the son born to undo the family). The latter novel, written in a prose with poetic quality, bears the stamp of his genius, his mastery in subtle delineation of characters with great psychological insight.
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posted: | 3/22/2011 |
language: | English |
pages: | 15 |


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"Our nation must come together to unite."
George W. Bush
"Basically, the United Nations stands for the status quo in international affairs, unless of course the change is in favor of the Big Powers."
Muhammed Haider
"Great Britain and the United States are nations separated by a common language."
George Bernard Shaw
"I myself have been particularly careful never to say a civil word to the United States. I have scoffed at their inhabitants as a nation of villagers. I have defined the 100 % American as 99 % an idiot. And they adore me."
"Building a nation starts with you and what you do"
sotonye anga
"together we will work towards achieving this noble mission with a strong, reformed and revitalized United Nations at the centre."
Yahya Jammeh
"The wisdom of nations lies in their proverbs, which are brief and pithy. Collect and learn them; they are notable measures of directions for human life; you have much in little; they save time in speaking; and upon occasion may be the fullest and safest answer."
William Penn


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Today on Trailers from Hell, Dan Ireland takes on the first of the seven "Pink Panther" films, from 1964, starring Peter Sellers as Inspector Clouseau.
Read More »Nick Hornby is the reigning king of taking potentially cloying stories and making them simultaneously prickly and moving. That was the case for "High Fidelity" and "About a Boy," and it'll hopefully be the case for "A Long Way Down," the new film based on Hornby's 2005 novel of the same name.
Read More »Ira Sachs' New York-set "Love Is Strange" came home this week with a screening at the Tribeca Film Festival.
Read More »Writer-director Steven Knight and actor Tom Hardy shot "Locke" 16 times from start to end in 12 days, locked inside a moving car on the M6 in England, with multiple cameras filming. Yes, Tom Hardy was often driving that car, but not always. In a video interview the two men explain how they pulled of...
Read More »A lovely new trailer has arrived for Richard Linklater's award-winning festival favorite "Boyhood." Shot over short periods from 2002 to 2013 with the same four actors -- Ethan Hawke, Ellar Coltrane, Patricia Arquette and Lorelei Linklater -- the film spans the emotional journey of a family over the...
Read More »Going via the normal route of saving the world to directing, Clark Gregg, star of "The Avengers" and TV's "Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D" (He plays Agent Phil Coulson), has taken a step behind the camera once again. His sophomore directorial effort, "Trust Me"," will be released in cinemas June 6th and Dema...
Read More »The first teaser trailer for Richard Linklater's 12-year production "Boyhood" amps up anticipation for the festival favorite.
Read More »For those of you missing out on late film critic Roger Ebert's namesake Illinois film festival this year, worry not, because Ebertfest is streaming panels and Q&As on YouTube.
Read More »Trailers from Hell's Mick Garris takes a look at another film by animation legend Ralph Bakshi, "Fritz the Cat," from 1972. NSFW!
Read More »In Mike Myers' directorial debut "Supermensch: The Legend of Shep Gordon" we get a glimpse at the life of a Shep Gordon, the little-known man behind the careers of some of our most beloved celebrities.
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PlantFiles: Doublefile Viburnum, Japanese Snowball Bush
Viburnum plicatum var. tomentosum 'Kern's Pink'
Family: Adoxaceae (a-dox-AY-see-ee) (Info) Genus: Viburnum (vy-BUR-num) (Info) Species: plicatum var. tomentosum Cultivar: Kern's Pink Synonym:Viburnum plicatum f. tomentosum 3 members have or want this plant for trade. Category: Height: Spacing: Hardiness: Sun Exposure: Danger: Bloom Color: Bloom Time: Foliage: Other details: Soil pH requirements: Patent Information: Propagation Methods: Seed Collecting: | Click thumbnail to view: By jamie68 By jamie68 By jamie68 By greenorchid By greenorchid There are a total of 15 photos. |
1 positive
1 neutral
No negatives
Gardeners' Notes:
This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
Clermont, Kentucky
Lexington, Kentucky
Louisville, Kentucky
Vancouver, Washington