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Magnetic resonance imaging criteria of successful core decompression in avascular necrosis of the hip
- S. Radke,
- S. Kirschner,
- V. Seipel,
- C. Rader,
- J. Eulert
- … show all 5 hide
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To identify imaging criteria that determine the outcome of core decompression (CD) in femoral-head avascular necrosis (AVN). Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 65 hips with early stage AVN treated by core decompression between January 1990 and December 2000 for AVN were reviewed. All hips were categorized into two groups according to the result of CD using total hip arthroplasty (THA) as an end point. Hips that had no THA at follow-up were allocated to group I; those treated with a THA were allocated to group II. CD results were calculated for each group using THA as an end point. The parameters analyzed were the presence or absence of edema associated with the double-line sign on the preoperative MRI, the type of epiphyseal scar (ES) according to Jing, and the type of necrosis according to Mitchell. On follow-up, 45 hips had no THA (group I); 20 patients had a THA (group II). Patients with a radiographic crescent sign and those with edema associated with the double-line sign progressed to THA significantly more frequently. The extent of the necrosis had less discriminatory effect between the two groups. ES and necrotic tissue types had no prognostic value. In regard to the success of CD, it is important to differentiate on MRI between a double line sign plus bone marrow edema and a double-line sign only.
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- Ohzono K, Saito M, Takaoka K et al. Natural history of nontraumatic avascular necrosis of the femoral head. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1991; 73:68–72.
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- Steinberg ME, Hayken GD, Steinberg DR. A quantitative system for staging avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995; 77:34–41.
- Lausten GS, Mathiesen B. Core decompression for femoral head necrosis. Prospective study of 28 patients. Acta Orthop Scand 1990; 61:507–511.
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- Scully SP, Aaron RK, Urbaniak JR. Survival analysis of hips treated with core decompression or vascularized fibular grafting because of avascular necrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Am 1998; 80:1270–1275.
- Nishii T, Sugano N, Ohzono K, Sakai T, Sato Y, Yoshikawa H. Significance of lesion size and location in the prediction of collapse of osteonecrosis of the femoral head: a new three-dimensional quantification using magnetic resonance imaging. J Orghop Res 2002; 20:130–136. CrossRef
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- Title
- Magnetic resonance imaging criteria of successful core decompression in avascular necrosis of the hip
- Journal
Skeletal Radiology
Volume 33, Issue 9 , pp 519-523
- Cover Date
- 2004-09-01
- 10.1007/s00256-004-0811-9
- Print ISSN
- 0364-2348
- Online ISSN
- 1432-2161
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Keywords
- Osteonecrosis
- Femoral head
- Double-line sign
- Bone marrow edema
- Epiphyseal scar
- Mitchell classification
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- S. Radke (1)
- S. Kirschner (1)
- V. Seipel (1)
- C. Rader (1)
- J. Eulert (1)
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Koenig-Ludwig-Haus, Julius-Maximilians University, Würzburg, Brettreichstr.11, 97074, Würzburg, Germany


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DSI baffled by mystery dust found in raid
Warehouse seized, sample sent for tests
- Published: 17 Oct 2012 at 00.00 | Viewed: 4,451 | Comments: 8
- Newspaper section: News
- Writer: King-oua Laohong
The Department of Special Investigation has seized a large amount of what is suspected to be mineral dust during a raid on a warehouse in Chon Buri.
Residents have asked the Department of Special Investigation to look into huge piles of garbage at a dump site in tambon Ban Pom of Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya district. Photos by Sithikorn Wongwudthianun
The DSI suspected piles of dust found at a warehouse located on a 20-rai plot in tambon Nong Iroon in Chon Buri's Ban Bung district was mineral, for which a licence is needed if it is being held.
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Write nutritionist content for a website
Closed - This job posting has been filled and work has been completed.
Job Description
I will give the candidate a nutritionist document containing all the information they require, and I want the candidate to convert it into original web content. This will be used to educate the visitor of my site. The document must not be simply copy and pasted.
I will give you predefined headings under which the document must be divided into. The web content must be easy to read professional and written in English, being grammatically correct.
As it is to be used as web content, if you feel you can brighten it up with images that will be encouraged.
This must be completed by 21st November 2013.
Please begin your application with 'red cars are slower than buses', so i can ensure you have read the whole brief.


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The Katonah Museum of Art in Bedford, NY, is a non-collecting museum that hosts about a dozen art exhibits each year and corresponding programs for kids and families such as guided tours, story times, art programs, family days, and school vacation programs.
Parents with tiny tots (younger than18 months) can attend special Stroller Tours ($5)before museum hours on one Friday each month.
Located in a historic hamlet of Bedford, the Katonah Museum of Art was founded half a decade ago by volunteers from local communities. Now a member of the Fairfield/Westchester Museum Alliance and the American Association of Museums, the 10,000-square-foot KMA creates about a dozen art exhibits each year that span a wide range of cultures and time periods. It is a non-collecting museum, which means that instead of curating a permanent collection, it's constantly focused on presenting new exhibitions, new artists, and new artwork. The museum hosts a variety of family programs that correspond with its current exhibit, from guided tours to free story times, art activities, family days, and school vacation programs.
During Target Picture Story Saturdays (FREE; select Saturdaysat 10:30am), kids and their family members are invited to listento stories read by special guests and do related art activities.
The museum offers docent-led tours to the public Tuesday-Sunday at 2:30pm (free with museum admission).
After-school group tours may be scheduled may be scheduled during regular museum hours (see below). These are interactive, 90-minute tours that include an art activity and are tailored by age group ($8 per child).
Guided tours, which run 45 minutes, are recommended for groups of six or more adults or any organized group. These tours are recommended for special needs groups (the museum is wheelchair accessible). Guided tours are offered by appointment only during regular museum hours (see below). The fee for guided tours is $8; $6 for seniors and those with special needs; free for staff members and/or tour organizers.
Self-guided tours of eight people or more must make a reservation at least three weeks in advance. Listening devices are available on request.
For information on upcoming family programs and events at the museum, including Tuesdays for Tots (for ages 3-5) and Art Adventures (for kids in grades K-6), check its calendar of events at katonahmuseum.org/programs-and-events.
School's Out/Art's In ($6 with admission) is a drop-in art programfor kids ages 3-12 held on public school vacation days.
Address: 134 Jay St. (at Route 22), Katonah
Hours: Tuesday-Saturday 10am-5pm; Sunday 12-5pm
Admission: $10; $5 seniors and students; free for children younger than 12
For more information: 914-232-9555 or katonahmuseum.org
Family Day Trips and Destinations in NY, NJ, CT, MA, and PA Tips for Making Your First Family Cruise Smooth Sailing Top 100 Winter Activities in the New York City Area Top 100 Spring Activities in the New York City Area Family Outing: Get Your Dinosaur Fix at the Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History
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Cucumber mint gazpacho
Author Notes: I developed this recipe based on the cucumber gazpacho I had at Ten Tables in Provincetown on the Cape last weekend. They served the cold soup over a few cubes of roasted beets and said they used bread to make it creamy (it's non-dairy). I used as a starting point the recipe that Catch Restaurant's Chris Parsons (Winchester, MA) and added almonds and mint.
You might need to make this in two batches, depending on the size of your blender jar. It did fit in my standard Kitchenaid 56 oz/7 C blender. The soup's flavors intensify with time, and I like it best a day after making it. It will thicken up in the fridge, so you may need to add a little water before serving.
Trying to emulate the restaurant, I made a few fancy oils to decorate the top -- clearly not necessary; you'll have leftovers, so you can drizzle them over a salad or cooked vegetables. If you do make the garlic scape oil, you can strain out the solids and then add them to omelettes, pasta, or, well, anything.
If you want to be trendy, serve the soup in tall shot glasses or tubmlers. Or, go old school and use a bowl. - zahavah
Makes 6 cups
- 1.5 pounds thin-skinned cucumbers -- about 10 small Persian cucumbers or 2 seedless/English cucumbers
- 1/2 cup cold water
- 1 small onion or 1/2 large onion
- 5 garlic scapes (or 2-3 cloves regular garlic)
- 1 tablespoon tightly packed mint leaves (about 30)
- 1/2 cup almonds (skinned)
- 1/4 cup olive oil (not the fancy stuff)
- 1/4 cup red wine vinegar or sherry vinegar
- kosher salt
- 1 cup stale bread, cut into cubes. I've found challah or ciabatta to be best. You can keep on some crust, but too much and the soup will come out less creamy, more gritty
- Rough chop the cucumber and add to the blender jar with the cold water. Puree until smooth. Rough chop the onion and scapes and add to the blender jar with the mint leaves. Puree again. Then add the almonds. oli, and vinegar, and keep pureeing until the entire mix is smooth.
- Add the bread cubes and let them soak up the liquid for at least 30 minutes. When they have softened up, puree again until very smooth. Add salt to taste.
- You want to serve this cold, so refrigerate for at least an hour (straight in the blender jar) before serving. The soup with thicken a bit, so you may need to add a little cold water and blend until it's the consistency you want.
- Garnish as much as you'd like (see recipes below). Drizzle with olive oil, mint oil, and/or garlic scape oil. Sprinkle with toasted almonds and/or chopped cucumber.
Garnishes (optional)
- 1.5 cups grapeseed (or other mild oil), divided
- 1/2 cup mint leaves
- 15 garlic scapes
- 1/4 cup almonds (skinned)
- 1 small cucumber
- Make mint oil. In a food processor, puree 1/2 C oil and mint. After letting the oil sit for a day, you can strain out the solids (or not...I didn't). Drizzle over soup.
- Make garlic scape oil. In a food processor, puree 1 C oil and garlic scapes. After letting the oil sit for a day, you can strain out the solids (or not...I didn't). Drizzle over soup.
- Toast the almonds until they just start to darken. Let them cool and then pulse in a food processor a few times (or chop). Sprinkle over soup.
- Cut cucumber into tiny cubes. Sprinkle over soup.
- This recipe was entered in the contest for Your Best Recipe with Mint


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wonderful christmas vacations with family in a nice traditionalhotel in the centre of Seefeld in magnificent Tyrol. Large rooms , pool, very rich breakfast . Our room was looking in the street which was full of snow .Staff was very helpful and friendly.
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Drs. Steven Edelman and Daniel Einhorn discuss why insulin is necessary for everyone, current regimens for type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and the concerns that commonly arise for people starting insulin therapy. Series: Taking Control of Your Diabetes [Health and Medicine] [Show ID: 13685]
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text: Internal Reviews for Banking Banking as Part of Treasury Collections Speedy and timely receipt of funds Streamlining collections Safekeeping and Custody Safety of funds Investment safekeeping Collateral Safety of assets Reporting Cost efficiencies – net cost GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Internal Reviews Banking relationships are business relationships An internal review of government uses and needs is critical New technologies may require new system view GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Optimum Banking Relationships Depend on: The competitive environment Abilities and services of local banks to respond to government's needs Ability of government to effectively use bank services GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Review Current Banking Relationships and Services Using outdated or inefficient services? 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Contract Total Service Description Vol Fee Cost Master Account Maintenance Fee 8.0000 0.00 From the Subsidiary Account Maintenance 8.0000 0.00 monthly account Money Market Account Maintenance Fee 8.0000 0.00 analysis, input 0.00 the volumes for Investment Sweep Maintenance 50.0000 0.00 each service. Dr/Cr Sweep Transaction Fee 0.0000 0.00 A critical monthly ZBA Account - Subsidiary 8.0000 0.00 Match the total 0.00 responsibility Checks/Debits Posted 0.0500 0.00 fees in the Branch Credits Posted - Electronic 0.1000 0.00 spread sheet to Automated Services - Balance & Detail the account Acct Balance Report 0.00 analysis. Online Access Maintenance Fee 5.0000 0.00 Online Access Subscription Fee 5.0000 0.00 Previous day Reporting 10.0000 0.00 Previous Day Dr/Cr Items 10.0000 35,210.00 If they do not Image Capture Per Item 0.0300 0.00 match then a fee Image Retention Per Item 0.0200 0.00 is wrong. Branch Deposits Commercial Account Maintenance 20.0000 0.00 Branch Credits Posted 0.5000 0.00 Branch Immediate Verification 0.1000 0.00 Check it! TOTAL FEES AT CURRENT MONTH VOLUMES GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Compensating Balances vs. Direct Fees In terms of what should be done: direct fees Private and public sector moving to fees Payments with direct fees are less expensive than payments with balances Reality: Some fees and some balances GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Compensating Balances vs. Direct Fees In either case a pricing schedule should be used Competitive bid process Negotiation Increasingly a combination of balances and fees is used Monthly monitoring is required GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Current Added Advantage to CB Until January 1, 2014 All "non-interest bearing" accounts are 100% FDIC insured Reduces collateral cost for banks Added safety insurance for entity GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Compensating Balances Compensating balances are popular because: "That's the way we've always done it" "I don't pay the banks anything" "FREE" No budgeting impact GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Compensating Balances Compensating balances are popular because: With fees direct investment program must beat the monthly average of the 91 day T-Bill rate Little time or resources to monitor collected balances If using balances make sure any over payment reverts back to you on an annual basis Requires annual settlement process Popular and pushed by smaller banks especially GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Advantages of Using Fees When rates are above 3% Required bank reserves (10%) become earning assets Direct investment of balances normally exceeds bank earnings credit rate Lower balances mean lower FDIC assessment Lower balances mean reduced state collateral requirements GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Advantages of Using Fees Bank charges clearly noted Bank fees can be verified monthly Fees debited from designated account After review and approval by entity GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Compensating Balances Formula CB = Monthly service charge divided by (1.00 - reserve requirement) / Monthly ECR Where: ECR = earnings credit rate Reserve requirement: • Bank's current Federal Reserve requirement (percentage) as applied to the positive collective balance maintained in the demand deposit account GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Compensating Balances Formula Note: If the compensating balance is retained as a non- interest bearing certificate of deposit (in lieu of a demand deposit), the amount of balance required is reduced because of the zero reserve requirement GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Techniques to Decrease Collected Balances Daily monitoring of accounts Active investing Daily (O/N) repos Sweep accounts Controlled disbursements GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Collateral, Custody and Safekeeping Custody vs Safekeeping Custodian has fiduciary responsibilities Holding collateral Becomes your bailee in an event of default Usually you agree to but not chose a custodian Safekeeping agents simply hold securities For securities owned by the entity You chose the safekeeping agent (normally your depository) Key factors for either one Independence on trades or pledgor Reporting directly to you GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Collateral Bank Collateral Securities pledged to repay a debt Deposits protected by FDIC and collateral • Collateral above Collateral is held by a "Custodian" Bank collateral is "pledged" to the entity not owned by your FDIC issues Levels of security Who is covered? GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Managing Collateral Risk Collateral risk is managed with 3 basic questions: What collateral is authorized? • What should be authorized? How much collateral do I need for safety? • What margin do I need? Do we have control of the collateral in an event of default? GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Types of Collateral Non- Perfected Claim "Perfected" Claim Test by N. Arkansas Medical Center v. Barrett Based on FIRREA GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FIRREA For FDIC only compliance with FIRREA will protect you Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 FIRREA's four conditions Agreement must be in writing Must be approved by resolution of Bank Board or Bank Loan Committee Must be in the official records of the bank Must be simultaneous with movements of collateral itself • i.e. don't ever list the collateral in the agreement Federal Banking Statutes - Section 1823(e) GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION The Uniform Commercial Code You do not have a "perfected" interest in a security unless you control it. Control means that swaps, sales and transfers cannot occur without your written approval. GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Sound Collateralization Practices Obtain a copy of the state statute regarding collateralization Identify depository risk exposure Establish a written depository collateralization agreement Establish effective safekeeping procedures Prepare for financial reporting disclosures GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Written Collateral Agreement Should state that all deposits must be collateralized (checking accounts and certificates of deposit) A list of eligible collateral Market value should be reported monthly Safekeeping procedures Substitution GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Collateral Agreement Bank warranties that: Legal owner of pledged collateral Collateral is free and clear of liens and claims No other person has right, title or interest Collateral not pledged or assigned for other purposes GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Key Custody Factors Custodian must be independent Independent from holding company of pledging bank Custodian should report to you directly Will not report market values but holdings Custodian must verify key factors authorized collateral margins GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION The Fed as Custodian Perhaps the best custodian Standard Pledgee Agreement Form is used The Fed will not sign a collateral agreement Supplements the Collateral Agreement Reference the Circular 7 in your agreement Fed will ask for authority to use e-mail to contact you GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Page Two Authorizing use of e-mail for contact purposes GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Managing Collateral Risk Define the authorized collateral (in policy and RFP) "Obligations of the US Government, its agencies and instrumentalities, including mortgage backed securities with CMOs passing the bank test" Monitored and maintained by the bank at all times. The options by law include: Surety bonds Treasury notes and bills US Agencies Municipals rated A or better Letters of Credit GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Surety Bonds Surety bonds are insurance policies Verify: Company (and its strength) Recipient (is it the District?) Terms (tie it to the contract) GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Letters of Credit Initiated for CD business LOC issued by FHLB and backed by pledged unrestricted securities Created to replace collateral GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Collateral Pooling Many variations State controlled State holds collateral Independent custodians by banks Voluntary or mandatory Key factors to examine Your role and reporting requirements Players and controls Margins Authorized colalteral costs GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Other Events of Default Bank failure is not the only use of collateral Your custodian becomes your bailee A key player GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Brokered CDs If two banks issuing you brokered CDs are merged or acquired, you will not be given additional FDIC coverage. You will have to sell the CD taking you over $250,000 immediately. Suggested language: The Investment Officer or Investment Adviser shall monitor, on no less than a weekly basis, the status and ownership of all banks issuing brokered CDs owned by the City based upon information from the FDIC. If any bank has been acquired or merged with another bank in which brokered CDs are owned, the Investment Officer or Adviser shall immediately liquidate any brokered CD which places the City above the FDIC insurance level. GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Use Sweeps to Reduce Collateral When the markets are suitable (not now) Sweeps move funds out of the bank daily Investment in a Fund eliminates collateral Repo Sweeps are unique Dependent on type of take-over No precise procedure Segregation not buy-sell GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FDIC Are you a "public unit" GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FDIC Coverage Make sure you are a "public unit" at FDIC GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FDIC Insurance Based on Tax Identification Number within the entire holding company of the bank Based on Type of Account FDIC defines only two types of accounts • Non-interest bearing accounts have $250,000 • Interest earning accounts are combined for $250,000 Based on Location of city and bank If the bank's HQ is in your same state • then both type accounts receive FDIC insurance If the bank's HQ is not in your state • all accounts types together receive only $250,000 GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FDIC Insurance Coverage is for the custodian Testamentary Accounts (I&S Accounts) Funds set aside to discharge a debt Applies to debt holders Coverage is $250,000 for each bond holder Currently the $250,000 is permanent GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FDIC Coverage Currently all non-interest bearing accounts are fully FDIC insured Banks will try to move you to these accounts to avoid collateral costs Until 1/1/14 Only "public units" can have collateral pledged If created under express authority of law Has some function of government delegated If it executes exclusive control of its funds for exclusive use Special cases 4a and 4b corporations Water supply corporations Dependent on several factors 12 C.F.R. Part 330.15 GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION What Can I Do to Monitor the Situation with My Bank ? Pay What is the attention first thing to the you do in news this situation? GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Using a Rating Service GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION HIGHLINE – not the easiest to use GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION BEST COMPANY – Simple to use GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION FIRREA Financial Institutions Resource and Recovery Act Requires: that depository/collateral agreement be in writing That agreement be approved by resolution of the Bank Board or Bank Loan Committee resolution be in official bank records not contain a list of specific securities pledged GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Collateral Margins Industry standard is 102% You are protecting against volatility risk Unnecessarily high margins cost you alot Tie it to margin level and mar-to-market 102% when marked – to-market daily or weekly 105% when marked – to-market monthly GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Collateral Ratios: A Gauge of Risk Form of Collateral Collateral Ratio Pledged U.S. Treasury Bills, Notes, and Bonds in less than 1 year Maturing 102% Maturing in 1-5 years 105% Maturing in more than 5 years 110% Actively Traded U.S. Government Agencies Maturing in less than 1 year 103% Maturing in 1-5 years 107% Maturing in more than 5 years 115% U.S. Government Agency Variable Rate Securities 115% State General Obligation Bonds General obligation bonds issued in same state Maturing in less than 1 year 102% Maturing in 1-5 years 107% Maturing in more than 5 years 110% GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Use Sweeps to Reduce Collateral When the markets are suitable (not now) Sweeps move funds out of the bank daily Investment in a Fund eliminates collateral Repo Sweeps are unique Dependent on type of take-over No precise procedure Segregation not buy-sell GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Key Custody Factors Custodian must be independent Custodian should report to you directly Custodian should verify authorized collateral and margin GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Fees include: Account Maintenance Clearing Safekeeping Income Distribution GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Linking it into a Bank Contract or Not… Safekeeping need not be at banking services bank Banking services bank is convenient Other banks may be needed or less expensive A second bank requires ongoing transfers and an account Agreements Depository/Collateral Agreements at banking services bank Collateral Agreements at any bank over FDIC Master Agreements are for banking services Safekeeping agreements for safekeeping only • Will probably involve collateral as funds move through account GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Recommendations for Bank Credit Criteria Establish credit criteria for depository bank Highline Banking Data (fka Sheshunoff) rating of 30 or higher On a scale of 0 to 99 with 0 being the lowest and 99 being the highest Remember this is a peer group rating only Establish credit criteria for custodial bank Highline rating of 20 or higher On a scale of 0 to 99 with 0 being the lowest and 99 being the highest Issue should be sophistication of services not credit rating GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION How can you protect yourself? Know with whom you are dealing and only deal with financially stable institutions (there are firms that rate financial institutions for risk) GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Protect yourselves Do not rely only on state statutes or past practices Do not cut corners when executing or monitoring an agreement Make sure that each step outlined by the Banking statute and reiterated by the court is carefully followed Insist upon a written, jointly signed, agreement Take care to establish a clear audit trail GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Avoiding Collateral Limit deposits to $249,000/institution (too cumbersome) Purchase insured certificates of deposit Use non-interest bearing accounts for ECR CDARS spread funds GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GFOA's Committee on Treasury and Investment Management Best Practice: Collateralization of Public Deposits (1984, 1987, 1993, 2000 and 2007) Revised Security Agreements (2001) An Introduction to Collateralizing Public Deposits for State and Local Governments (2006) www.gfoa.org GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Banking Services: A Changing Environment Focus on Expediting Funds ! Fed started movement to increased automation in 1980s impetus added in 2011 Move funds and documents as expeditiously and efficiently as possible to reduce float in system Use technology to minimize cost Use technology to increase access to funds for longer earning period Add physical and electronic mechanisms Changing internal processes GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Tools for Expediting Funds Physical Minimization Moving away from documents Capturing documents electronically Minimizing physical handling Electronic Maximization Wires ACH Check 21 Reporting Payment/receivable processing Monetary Rewards Availability schedules and policies Staff time GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Banks are Looking Ahead – Are You? Ancillary services have added to bank scope Segregation of ACH initiation Investment online reporting Regulation changes SS# masking last four digits Reg CC: $200 availability on deposits Req Q repeal: non-interest bearing ECR accounts are FDIC insured 100% FRB and clearinghouse extended field length • Funds transfer Business Remittance extension Mobile access and alerts/reporting ZBA to Automated Dollar Transfers flexibility Insurance and HSA products GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Stepping Up with Tech Electronic and Imaging Changes Remote deposit checks at bank Cut internal costs and bank costs Image Lockbox Merchant Services Capture checks at point of sale (POS) Faster but slow for customer Capture checks in back office (BOC) Capture checks and stub information Receive check and stub information direct to G/L GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Focus on Safety Same old issues: safety and service Collateral and margins FDIC coverage Bank credit Delivery versus payment settlement Independent transactions and parties New approaches Electronic processing Positive pay Courier options Pooling of collateral Security sign-ons (PINS and secure-cards) GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Focus on Information Needs Balance and detail reporting Reporting: cross functionality – drill down Location capture Imaging and storage Archived bank and city information • Paper >> CD >> image download Reconciliation Partial and full eliminates staff time Speed of information retrieval New Processes to Outsource GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Focus on Technology Tools Reporting and imaging Electronic transactions Wires ACH • New uses of ACH Check 21 and beyond – a huge business impact E-payables and e-receivables Consumer and corporate checks Remote back-office processing GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Focus on Hands-off Imaging All services moving to imaging Eliminate cost of paper and faxing Banks move to archiving documents Bank and non-bank documents Other services (printing) All documents are imaged and transmitted Utilize electronic capture GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Virtual Receivables Electronic capture and replacement of documents Targeting expedition of funds and cost savings Streamline invoicing and reporting Maintains compliance discipline Tied to a lockbox type transaction Scan the check and the document at site Checks and documents imaged and captured Combines with all receivables Transmitted to your g/l with detail Archived at bank GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION ERP Enterprise Resource Planning Business integrated solutions Business processes • Planning • Purchasing • CRM (Customer Relationship Management) • Inventory control • Accounting • Finance • HR GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Lockbox Goals Lockbox basic functions Reduce mail float Reduce processing float Reduce clearing float Retail or wholesale lockbox use Mail Processing Clearing Unique PO box 20 hr/day and coded Multiple same- automated day deposits into return operation opens, envelopes your bank reads & transmits Taxes, utility payments, any repetitive payments, court payments GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Image Lockbox Replacing traditional lockbox Documents fully imaged at receipt All checks, envelopes and "white stuff" Paper retained minimal time at lockbox Reporting and posting to G/L electronically Specialized areas developing Health care • Matching GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Remote Check Acceptance Next generation of lockbox Imaged at your site Creates a lockbox on-your-site Timing of scan denotes service Cashiers scan on receipt at counter – "point-of-sale" (POS) Cashiers consolidate and back office scans after balance "Back Office Conversion" (BOC) Accounts Receivable Conversion (ARC) Transmission of scanned image Daily deposit without transport to bank Customization of fields and account capture Benefits and Savings Float savings on deposit speed Courier savings Liability savings over staff deposit Extended deposit times (9:00pm) GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION How Remote Deposit Works 1 2 3 4 1. Customer pays with a check 2. Checks are scanned at cashier or in back office balancing - balanced 3. Images transmitted directly to the bank for processing same day 4. Real time reports and deposits on line multiple times per day GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Remote Deposit Capture Reduced check clearing costs Spend a little – save a lot • $0.06 average to $0.03 average Courier costs Multiple depository costs Next generation Capture of PO, invoice or stub information Moving to true EDI GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Alternative Providers Banks are competing against outside vendors for system checking, clearing and reporting alternatives Costs are declining Use is increasing GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Consolidating Payments Then Invoice preparation and mailing Manual sorts, opening and extracting Manual batching and balancing Armored car delivery Check clearing availability Now – E-Payables Produce a tape of the bills for print/mail service Receive a transmission of bills paid and funds deposited GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION E-payables Creates channel to make AP payments Bank systems can chose most effective payment mode Bank puts AP charges on credit card payment automatically creating credit card spend credits Bank sends email to notify vendor who initiates payment Bank prints a check and sends it Bank wires Bank directory of suppliers can submit invoices directly Sends invoice directly electronically – matches to ship notice Validates invoices routes info delivers remittances documents GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION E-Payables E-payables (and "e-payables lite") A/P sends invoice and PO details electronically Assignment of one-time credit card number "Any-to-Any" connectivity Built on existing standard systems Populates invoice information from PO info Multiple bank and non-bank providers Process (Hillsborough Schools, Tampa) Vendors submit invoices to A/P • A/P matches and approves Vendor receives email notification • Simultaneously card is debited • Virtual card # is disabled to eliminate second use Vendor logs into secure site with restricted sign-on GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION E-Payables Capture of payment information Electronic capture Bank determines best remittance vehicle Wires, ACH, card, etc. Multiple providers – bank and non-bank GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION E-Receivables Provides information to customers via web Customers remit via EFT or credit card Requires vendor collaboration Sharing of documents electronically Dashboard approach normally GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION E-Commerce Terms ARC: accounts receivable conversion Requires consumer consent Converts to ACH POP: point of purchase conversion Checks under $25,000 BOC: back office conversion IRD: image replacement document ACH: automated clearinghouse NACHA: national association of ACH Truncation: conversion to an electronic format E-Check: converting a check to a direct debit GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Positive Pay A requirement for safety Relieves liability for fraudulent checks received City sends bank the check register Bank data base of valid checks screens all checks received Check number and amount standard Payee and signatures new innovations City gets option to review and approve Timing critical – need large time window Without positive pay City retains liability GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Reconciliation (ARP) Serial Sort physical checks returned in order Phasing out with Check 21 Partial Reconciliation paid check report Full Reconciliation matches issued and paid outstanding items, voids & cancels Deposit Reconciliation Location identification Combining with Positive Pay Price savings Staff time savings GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION RCK – Represented Check Transforming NSF consumer checks to ACH NSF checks are not represented next day NSF checks converted to ACH ACH direct debits are processed on a specific date Increased collections benefit GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Stored Value Cards Originally for payroll alternative ("pay card") Extended to reimbursements, ongoing payments, etc Creates a debit card for employee Creates 'virtual account' for employee Internal payroll processed as ACH direct deposit Funds go to the card Minimize cost and liability on lost checks Point of sale, bank or ATM use Limited free transactions then fee Cuts cost of checks $0.06 versus $0.03 GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Purchasing Cards Limits purchases on SCI product types Limits use by day or week Agreement issues Liability for unauthorized use Billing disputes and chargebacks Credit limits Proprietary information Arbitration Termination and revocation GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Controlled Disbursement Little or no use now with alternatives available Sweeps eliminate usefulness Cost is lower to sweep Using remote bank to clear checks Cash management purposes - not delay Elimination with electronic capture Costs GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Pros and Cons – Credit Card Acceptance Pros: Meets customer demands for payment options Aligned with private sector practices Control improvements: • Simplified cashiering, reduce cash theft, "bounced" checks, improve cash flow, enables internet-based transactions to occur Cons: Nature of government bills may result in a low number of transactions with high admin effort Full "bill" not realized as fees to credit card companies Some states prohibit payment any amount less than full bill • no provision for fees to be paid – convenience fee • Credit card companies prohibit the addition of the fee to the bill Lockbox processing sites may limit applicability Possible merchant liability GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Credit Card Acceptance GFOA Best Practice recommends that the costs and benefits of credit card acceptance be evaluated compared to other payment mechanisms GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Merchant Services Multiple providers involved and contracted Payment Companies Visa, MasterCard, Discover, AmEx, Diners, etc. Card types Card present and card-not-present Credit, debit, gift, fastpay, etc. Merchant types assigned by payment company Defined by sector and types • Governmental, transport, charity, retail, etc. GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Merchant Service Players Merchant: accepts credit card Acquiring bank: merchant's bank Provides merchant a merchant account Front money for the issuing bank Pays issuing bank and card association Issuing bank: customer's bank (Issuer) Physically provides card to customer for use MSP: Merchant Service Provider Provides access to bank Provides all communications and flow GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Merchant Service Players Payment Gateways Connect merchant to bank or MSP Card Associations MC, Visa, Discover, AmEx, etc Make rules for acceptance • security, data requirements Processors Provide point of connectivity for merchant Front-end or back-end Grouped by BIN (Bank Id Number) GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Merchant Services RFPs More effective to bid outside depository services Bring in alternative providers Bank merchant services is separate division No correspondence with banking services GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Merchant Service Providers Volume of transactions and dollars determine service provider Providers charge by % or transaction Combine units for greater purchasing power • State contracts Provide details for best estimate of cost Key determining factors in pricing services: Transaction volume Transaction dollars Average ticket Ticket range typically gets best price quotations GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Key RFP Questions Firm Information Client Base Relationship Representatives Card acceptance - Interface processing Authorization processing Settlement processing Ticket Retreival and Charge-backs Debot Card Processing Technical capabilities Merchant Services Security and PCI Compliance is not a simple Disaster Recovery matter… Information Reporting Implementation Customer service Pricing and contracts GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Merchant Services Fees Discount rate (add-on or pass-thru) Issuing bank deducts interchange fee from amount paid acquiring bank Interchange fees Fee between banks on acceptance Merchant's bank (acquiring bank) pays customer's bank (issuing bank) Assessment fees are not negotiable same for all providers Payment card company cost Cost per transaction PC Association members Fees charged by merchant processor xx GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Check for State Contracts Service Fees Line Item Detail Credit Group Description FY08 Qu an Visa or tit Master y Detailed Description Card Responde Bank Discount Rate $ Percent of dollar value per transaction nt 61, Fee paid to Respondent for services Fee 89 s 0,9 23. 46 0.0300% Bank Per Transaction Fee 1,075,46 Fixed dollar amount per Transaction $ 9 Fee paid to Respondent for services 0.03 Other Bank AVS NA Fixed dollar amount Per Transaction Fee Fee paid to Respondent for address $ s verification service - Chargeback Fees NA Per occurrence fee for chargebacks. See Part A - $ Special Instructions for more details 5.00 Retrieval Fees NA Fees generated by inquires for sales draft retrieval $ requests 5.00 Online Reporting NA Access fees related to user IDs or access to network for viewing of transaction information $ electronically or online - Statement Fees NA Fees related to each merchant statement $ - GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Convenience Fees Fees charged to payer to recoup processing costs Card Associations rules govern how and when convenience fees can be charged Rules subject to change and interpretation Typically "convenience fees" tied to the transaction Card not present payments Rules differ for tax programs vs. non-tax programs Mastercard and Visa rules differ if you take both cards, Visa rules take precedent Merchant (your government) is ultimately responsible for compliance with rules GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Convenience Fees Tax Payments Convenience fees on Visa/MC transactions allowed in all payment environments, including in-person can be percentage based or tiered based on dollar amount of transaction Differentiated convenience fees allowed for check (ACH) vs. card payments GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Convenience Fees Non-Tax Payments Convenience fees not allowed in person (Visa) Convenience fees are allowed in person (MC) Differentiated convenience fees not allowed by Visa but are allowed by MC (if you're using both, Visa rules take precedent) Convenience fees are to be flat, set $$ fee GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION PCI Compliance Payment Card Industry PCI Security Standards Council Requirements for merchant Focus on security of information Non-compliance can cost your ability to be a merchant https://www.pcisecuritystandards.org/ GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION PCI Data Security Standards PCIDSS Work only with service providers dedicated to keeping payment data secure Data security and assessments required Training opportunities (Trustwave, etc.) Providers check Visa/MasterCard websites listing of compliant service providers search CISP-compliant service providers GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Vaults and Deposits Vault services are expensive Reduce through internal planning Online vault services replicate deposits Online vault provide for coin/currency orders Deposit location tracking GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Bank Investment Services Should be limited to safekeeping Legal and policy constraints Registration of firm as RIA Banks normally require safekeeping Eliminates Delivery versus payment Safekeeping may be in bank or brokerage (unacceptable) GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Banking Services Request for Proposals Banking Words of Wisdom If you don't ask for it, you won't get it! Ask for the Order! Who do you work for? City or Bank? GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION GFOA Best Practice Periodically evaluate banking services: Initiate competitive bidding and negotiation Establish specific contracts Evaluate benefits and costs of bank compensation Evaluate all available banking services Look at optional services GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Request for Proposal or Bid Request for Proposal formal request Allows for definition of needs Allows for clear comparison of services and fees Allows for negotiation State laws may require Applications/Information/bids Bids Formalized set prices discourages "wiggle room" Request for Qualifications informal request Does not allow for clear definition of needs Does not allow for clear comparisons Information only GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION What is a Request for Proposal ? Designed to obtain competitive pricing Designed for fair comparison Designed to assist in final negotiations Obtains quantitative and qualitative information Good for specific definable services GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Why a Formal Process Smaller jurisdiction Need to eliminate local political pressures With technology ability to open viable non-local bank options Use proposal process to negotiate best terms Establishes time table for periodic review and RFP Dependent on state law 3-year to 5-year schedules Include requirement for competitive process in investment policy Likely to establish a new relationship even with incumbent banks GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Why a Formal Process Requires a review of your situation to prepare Adds to responsiveness of financial institutions Clarifies ability of bank to meet needs Provides competitive environment Provides basis for Master Agreement RFP and Proposal become part of agreement Locks in your requirements GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Local Banks More prevalent in small communities Can involve higher level of political pressures "Share the wealth" mindset among community banks Political consideration can be factored in • Contributions, employee involvement "Local" Banks State chartered banks vs interstate State holding companies Technologies change the game in suburban areas GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Assessment and Preparation Internal practices review Current practices – gather information Account Analysis – current services Current System and Procedures Internal needs – today and in the future Problem Areas Reporting and Audit Requirements Goals • determine targeted needs • eliminate weaknesses GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Assessment and Preparation Major tasks Identify "users" of services to be evaluated If large enough, develop checklist for distribution to each department that will be included Benefits Understanding of current environment Understanding of key business issues Listing of technical requirements Identification of service gaps GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Who are the Process Stakeholders • Government Entity County City State Staff Finance Staff Treasury and Cashiering Staff Building Personnel IT Personnel Community GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Establish a Timeline Manage and Monitor the RFP process Target Key Dates • Issuance • Q&A • Submission • Council Approval • Contract Commencement Include each Phase • Deadlines for Deliverables Provide for flexibility or change in schedule GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Preliminary Questions Are we willing to move from current bank? What is the vision? Begin with the end in mind Best value vs. low cost What are you trying to accomplish internally? Improve efficiency - collection process, number of accounts, etc. Identify and manage information better Lower the cost of disbursements Implement new technologies GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Preliminary Questions Bank communications needs? Frequency and usefulness Are resources available to implement the results? How do I choose which banks to ask? State ;aw requirements rule Should I use a consultant for the process? How many banks should I include? GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Preliminary Questions What expertise is available for process? Use of a independent consultant How should bank responses be compared? Who should be involved in the evaluation of responses? What factors should be considered when selecting the final bank? Handling RFP questions? How and when to communicate results to the banks? What implementation factors should be considered? Contractual issues? How often should banking services be competitively bid? GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Writing and Issuing the RFP Common Requested Information Resumes of Key Relationship Personnel Community Involvement Credit Rating Ownership Organization Structure References and Experience GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Writing and Issuing the RFP Be Informative Provide Detailed Information State Objectives, Selection Criteria and Timeline Be Interactive Schedule a Pre-bidder's Conference, Allow for Questions Submission Be Specific References and Pricing Adhere to Bidding Requirements GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Submission Instructions Clear schedule Format criteria Deadline of proposals Cover letter limited in size gives contact info Paper and one electronic copy for archiving Stress concise answers but allow additional info Purchasing boilerplate inclusion (attachment?) Q&A Have all questions in by e-mail on date certain Respond to all (or post) to all on date certain GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Government Overview Info Structure of finance and cashiering Historical data on account balances Do not release statements or account analyses Bids will just barely beast the current Limits competition and innovation To assign responsibilities in contract GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION The Request for Proposal Introduction Scope of Banking Services Bidding Instructions Proposed Evaluation GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Introduction Historical government entity information Size of community, # of accounts, services provided Budget and audit report info should be available Timeline and due dates for RFP process RFP issuance through implementation Evaluation criteria Contract term General and specific qualifications Response format GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Financial Institution Requirements Transition or retention incentives Credit factors Senior and subordinate debt Rating company report Changes during contract requirements Holding company information Customer service focus Representational contacts Disaster support Local presence CRA rating HUB status rating GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Sample Minimum Qualifying Criteria Minimum criteria to submit a proposal Banking structure • Holding company • State charter • HQ • FDIC status and FRB status Locations • Locations within government offices and ETJ Financial statements (unqualified) - annual Quarterly call reports (really?) • Consolidated Report on Condition and Income GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Bank and Staff Size of bank Location where services are to be provided Experience in providing services Organization structure Collateralization of deposits Creditworthiness of bank Qualifications of personnel (bios included) Community involvement (CRA) References GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Timeline Issue date Pre-bid conference (rarely useful) Questions and answers on RFP Submission date Interviews/presentations Contract award/approval Contract implementation GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Community Reinvestment Act (CRA) Support of low income areas in service area Bank's demonstrated commitment to the community CRA score and scorer certification Other examples of community support GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Bidding Instructions Imperative that clear bidding instructions provided Require answer to each question Finite timelines for submission Pre-proposals conferences rarely useful Provide for standardization of questions and answers Control the process GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Responses to RFP RFP process should strive to maintain confidentiality Many banks may note "proprietary" information which may enable protection of such information from public viewing Winning bid documentation info may be sought from vendors not awarded contract GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Scope and Objectives Core services should be defined with sufficient detail to allow the prospective vendor to understand scope of operations and level of service needed Example core services: collections (inflows) disbursements (outflows) on-line banking services/reporting reconciliation services and account analysis Account structure GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Scope of Services Describe services desired with detailed questions to evaluate the differences between providers Ask the "right" questions Do not set minimums/set requirements • to get best possible options and differences • Concise questions • Open-ended questions = open-ended answers • Use fill in the blank sparingly or to save time – Cutoff time for deposits is _______. – Final presentment time is ______. – Branch hours are _______. GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Expedite Cash Flows Services to expedite inflows Electronic fund transfers (EFTs) Lockbox (ACH options) Credit card acceptance Improved check processing Services to manage outflows Electronic disbursement Payroll direct deposit and cards Credit card payments ACH, EDI Security and fraud deterrence needs GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Required Services Account structure Sweeps ZBA structures Compensating balance and fee basis flexibility • Carry-over Indexed account bases GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Required Services Collections Positive pay Deposits Vault services • Immediate verification • Change orders Remote deposit RCK – represented checks by ACH Stale-date and NSF processing GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Required Services Disbursements Positive pay Payee positive pay Stored value cards ACH Filters and blocks Reporting of trailers GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Required Services Information Services Web based Cross functionality Reports and report writing Availability Reconciliation Partial or full Deposit reconciliation Location idenitification GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Required Services Collateral Set standard conditions and require confirmation List authorized collateral Stipulate margin (102% Require independent custodial counterparty name Require collateral agreement Monthly reporting by custodian GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION On-line Banking Services Detail of on-line services (web-based) Reporting Execution of transactions Correspondent use Internal controls Security Authorizations and control Download to G/L capabilities GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Required Services Stop pay Manual versus on-line Renewals Safekeeping Format of fees Non-bank brokerage trades only Correspondent use Company Banking GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Optional Services Purchasing cards Smart Safes Image lockbox Merchant services best done outside banking contract ATM Short term financing availability GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Alternative Services E-payables E-receivables Newly available and unanticipated services Services that the bank may provide outside requirements Request suggestions for innovations and/or value-added services GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Proposal Evaluation Preparation for evaluation committee What evaluation criteria were set? Services provisions need to be weighted and scored Fees need to be compared Verify bundled for accuracy As much art as science Requires depth of knowledge of service provision Earnings Rates GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Class Input into Criteria Weight Fees Net interest rates Rates, fees and compensating balance basis results Service requirements Bank credit and representatives References GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Purchasing Selection Criteria % Vendor A Vendor B Vendor C Meet scope 20% 15 16 17 Quality of personnel 20% 17 15 13 Meet service needs 25% 20 23 15 Responsiveness 15% 10 11 9 Cost 20% 20 18 16 100% 82 83 70 Cost detail: Vendor quote 7,000 8,000 9,000 % of best quote 100% 88% 78% Evaluation score 20 18 16 GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Fee Analysis Current Contract Bank 1 Bank 2 Bank 3 Bank 4 Bank 5 Item Quanity Price Cost Price Cost Price Cost Price Cost Price Cost Price Cost Account Maintenance 120 19.500 2,340.00 19.500 2,340.00 10.000 1,200.00 7.000 840.00 15.000 1,800.00 10.00 1,200.00 Checks Paid 4,000 .100 400.00 .100 400.00 .150 600.00 .050 200.00 .120 480.00 0.08 320.00 Number of Deposit Slips 1,000 .150 150.00 .500 500.00 1.000 1,000.00 .350 350.00 .650 650.00 0.50 500.00 Items Deposited - non LB 28,000 .085 2,380.00 .085 2,380.00 .100 2,800.00 .050 1,400.00 .090 2,520.00 0.08 2,240.00 FDIC Assessment 0.00 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 0.00 .000 0.00 0.00 0.00 Wire Transfers: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Incoming 35 5.000 175.00 5.000 175.00 1.000 35.00 5.000 175.00 5.000 175.00 5.00 175.00 Outgoing 10 7.500 75.00 7.500 75.00 7.500 75.00 4.000 40.00 10.000 100.00 8.00 80.00 Notification of Wire Transfer 45 0.00 3.250 146.25 3.500 157.50 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 0.00 0.00 Transfer Between Accts 135 1.000 135.00 1.000 135.00 .500 67.50 .100 13.50 .125 16.88 0.00 0.00 ACH Transactions: 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ACH Maint. Fee 12 0.00 0.00 80.000 960.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ACH in 130 .080 10.40 .080 10.40 .080 10.40 .040 5.20 .125 16.25 0.08 10.40 ACH out 27,500 .085 2,337.50 .085 2,337.50 .080 2,200.00 .040 1,100.00 .125 3,437.50 0.08 2,200.00 Ach Origination 50 10.000 500.00 10.000 500.00 0.00 5.000 250.00 7.500 375.00 5.00 250.00 ACH Returned (RCK) 75 4.500 337.50 4.500 337.50 .500 37.50 1.500 112.50 6.000 450.00 5.00 375.00 ACH/ (RCK) Base Fee 12 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 0.00 .000 0.00 45.000 540.00 0.00 0.00 Notification of incoming ACH 130 0.00 .000 0.00 3.500 455.00 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 0.00 0.00 Returned Checks (RCK) 250 4.500 1,125.00 .080 20.00 1.000 250.00 4.500 1,125.00 6.000 1,500.00 1.00 250.00 Currency Processing 13,000 .049 637.00 .049 637.00 .000 0.00 .001 13.00 0.0025 32.50 0.002 26.00 Stop Payments 10 10.000 100.00 10.000 100.00 7.500 75.00 3.000 30.00 9.000 90.00 10.00 100.00 Payee Positive Pay/ARP 24 0.00 50.000 1,200.00 50.000 1,200.00 20.000 480.00 80.000 1,920.00 40.00 960.00 Payee Positive Pay trans. 24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 .000 0.00 10.00 240.00 EDI 300 0.00 .085 25.50 .080 24.00 .050 15.00 .220 66.00 0.50 150.00 EDI maintenance 12 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 0.00 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 30.00 360.00 Payee Positive Pay/check 4,000 .050 200.00 .000 0.00 .070 280.00 .010 40.00 .090 360.00 0.04 160.00 Payee Positive Pay except. 15 5.000 75.00 5.000 75.00 1.000 15.00 1.000 15.00 2.500 37.50 2.00 30.00 On-line check/deposit archiv 12 0.00 100.000 1,200.00 0.00 .100 1.20 .000 0.00 0.00 0.00 Check Imaging 4,000 0.00 0.00 .030 120.00 .000 0.00 0.00 0.00 Courior Service 12 .000 0.00 0.00 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 .000 0.00 0.00 0.00 PC Banking Software 12 0.00 45.000 540.00 50.000 600.00 25.000 300.00 125.000 1,500.00 100.00 1,200.00 Monthly Account Maint.(SW) 120 5.000 600.00 5.000 600.00 5.000 600.00 .000 0.00 5.000 600.00 0.00 0.00 Check Truncation/CD Rom 12 40.000 480.00 10.000 120.00 50.000 600.00 25.000 300.00 25.000 300.00 25.00 300.00 TOTAL 12,057.40 13,854.15 13,241.90 6,925.40 16,966.63 11,126.40 Average Monthly Amount 1,004.78 1,154.51 1,103.49 577.12 1,413.89 927.20 Balance Required to Support $1.00 of Services 261.65 256.14 318.08 286.27 270.37 261.65 Required Monthly Compensating Balance 262,901.56 295,716.83 350,998.63 165,211.19 382,272.20 242,601.88 GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Finalist Presentations Final research and validation to ensure bank's ability to meet the current and future requirements Not necessary but helpful on new service types Major tasks Restrict to short list of banks Timely notification for presentation • plenty of advance notice Require presentation format and provide to banks Schedule presentations Evaluate and debrief after each meeting with team Conduct on-site tours of finalist GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Awarding of Contract Unbiased objective decision required Data and process driven decision • Fees • Services • Rates and net result to government Decide on contract execution timing on award Present summary findings with recommendations Be aware of open records requirements Formal governing body award GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Use of Outside Consultants Benefits Time savings Banking services and market expertise Credibility and independent esp. in political situation Costs Cost of consultant usually hour basis with cap Orientation of consultant Cost benefit in end result • Final contract less cost and more efficiency • Increased earnings potential • Additional services • Cash management efficiencies identified GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Contractual Issues Have banks provide contracts in proposal Allows for advance review Sample contract requirements in RFP as conditions RFP and proposal part of end contract Government attorney needs to be involved Finance folks add practical experience and need to review Master contract with service agreements attached GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Points of Contention Indemnification issues are key Venue and law guidance Use NY for certain issues for case law State and local laws Fee structure must be controlled by proposal Service agreements often allow for fee changes GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Transition to a New Bank Provide for sufficient time Set time limits for all services to be in place Define technology changes on date transmission ACH, positive pay, recon Bank's platform will become default platform GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Implementing the Services Important Steps to ensure Success Agree on and set limits for timeline Timely Contract Negotiations • Review as part proposal beforehand Dedicated team use Responsible party identification GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Elements of Bank Conversion Building consensus Implementation team Project timeline Testing, training and follow-up GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Banking Conversion Success Consensus Change management Implementation teams Testing Timeline External notification Terminology Feedback to bank Business process Post-conversion efficiencies evaluation GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Ongoing Banking Relationships Ongoing Relationship Requires periodic meetings Review account structure Review services Review costs Investigate new opportunities and services GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Optimum Banking Relationships Depend on: Communication Ability of bank to respond to government's needs Ability of government to effectively use bank services Bank's approach and acceptance of new technology GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Periodic Reviews Identify costs and benefits Identify new services and possible use Can increase income Can improve internal efficiency Can improve external efficiency Can improve investment returns Control costs GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Ongoing Evaluations Service levels being provided versus proposal Account structure changes Payment basis in changing rates Availability of funds New technologies availability GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Bank Report Card Measures bank performance Program objective Scope After two representative periods - look for trends Delays Criteria measurements Requirements and capabilities met Reporting acceptability GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Bank Relations Management Manage bank relationships centrally Monitor bank credit Ensure collateral and FDIC Ensure bank provides maximum funds availability Evaluate benefits in automated services Monitor services Monitor balances Monitor charges and volumes with account analysis Use periodic RFP process to select depositories Require written agreements • FIRREA requirements GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Ongoing Expectations The bank should continue to: Ask questions regarding process and procedures Inspect reports for efficiency Ask about customer habits and needs Review with you A/P and A/R systems Review data security systems and loss prevention procedures Check for fraud protection measures GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Bank relationships must be mutually beneficial and create a cost beneficial business relationship!!! GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION Presenters Cynthia Evangelisti Deputy Treasurer, Chicago Park District 541 N. Fairbanks Court, 6th Floor Chicago, IL 60611 312-742-4289 email@example.com Linda T. Patterson President, Patterson & Associates 301 Congress Avenue, Suite 570 Austin, TX 78701 800-817-2442 email@example.com GOVERNMENT FINANCE OFFICERS ASSOCIATION


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August 25th, 2011, 11:01 AM | #1 |
Senior Member
Zone lift kits
A guy I work with is looking a purchasing an XJ, when he does he is thinking of then purchasing a Zone lift kit. Has anybody heard anything on the company. I know they are based out of Coldwater, Mi.
he is new to the sport and I would hate to see him buy a product that may not be anygood. |
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August 27th, 2011, 09:50 PM | #6 |
Senior Member
i've got one on my XJ right now (4.5" AAL) got 5.5" out of it fit 33's under it with minor rubbing on the front bumper and fender flare. rides really well, needs a SYE. impressed with the quality for the price
August 28th, 2011, 10:38 AM | #7 |
Senior Member
i have done their lift in 5 cherokees. work great for the money. will take a beating! only thing im not impressed with is their bushings. might as well upgrade to the bds bushings before you even install it. i actually just took mine out of my cherokee. only cause i went bigger. am looking to sell it if interested, pm me. if not a friend of mine is actually a dealer. look him up.. sturgisautobath.com
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Pirate Dog
Skull and Cross Bones Pet Bandana
Arrrghh you going trick-or-treating as a pirate this year? Bring along your best mate and filthiest scallywag when you make you dog or cat wear this Skull and Cross Bones Pet Bandana. The red bandana features white skulls and bones - it easily ties around your pet's neck.
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Hide your dead eye and show off your good ear with this Pirate Earring and Eyepatch. Find your inner sea-dog with these plastic eye patch with elastic band and gold colored metal earring costume accessories. Your only friend, the Parrot on your shoulder – sold separately.
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Ahoy, ye scurvy dogs! Shiver their timbers in this Pirate Lass child costume. This fun ensemble includes a fabulous multicolor dress, shiny bandana, sculpted broach, and boot covers. You'll be well suited for any voyage you might choose to take.


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500+ hours on two toons +/- paragon 20....
11 Legendaries total. I have no sympathy for you. None. Its been 3 whole days!!! Seriously? My last spurt of no legendaries lasted 3 weeks. Before this patch I went 3 months+ at level 60 Inferno skilling act4 on a 25k dps DH and never found a thing. |
you say 3 days? Try weeks.. I've gone weeks without legendaries dropping, and i played regularly after work at nights...
You guys are just doing it wrong! I've only played maybe 15 hours from Friday afternoon to tonight and I've found 12 legs I think. All were trash rolls, but still. And I did MP6-7 just doing very basic Act 3 runs for Demonic Essence. Core->Depths 2->Depths 3 repeat.
Don't worry, I have gone for a week without seeing a legendary. And it has been 2 months since I sold any self-found legendary for more than 1m.
That's usual....... last week i got 10 legendaries in 3 days. but this week nothing...just crafting recipes
RNG is RNG. Some days I walk away with nothing but a couple brimstones and a few paragon levels. Other days, I find items that are worthy of the auction house. Every once in a while I even find legendaries in resplendent chests and treasure goblins. I even found this in a chest: http://us.battle.net/d3/en/artisan/blacksmith/recipe/singularity
Luckily for me, I do find at least one legendary every time I play. Farm act 3 crowded areas with 300 MF and they'll drop eventually. |
3 days and you're complaining? I haven't seen a legendary since 1.0.5
Edited by ExzoSSG#1169 on 2/18/2013 10:51 PM PST
Weird. I had collected a handful of legos a few days back and yesterday, I couldn't find any... then I helped someone (power-level) in Normal mp10, and legos dropped like crazy.
Of all the legendary that dropped, it only netted me with brimstone. I sold rare weapon for 20mil on AH though. |
I find 2-4 legendaries everyday with average of 1.5 hrs. to 3 hrs. of playtime (though I don't play everyday, specially on work week).
They always drop. Just 10 mins. ago an Andariel's Visage with a measly 156 dex. I'm still hoping to find a Mempo (w/c I did find months ago) and the ever elusive socketed Calamity. Legendaries drop for me everyday it's a casual thing now. I just want the 1-2B worth ones:-)
Edited by THIEF2004#1697 on 2/18/2013 11:52 PM PST
Now tonight was the 1st time I found a 3 socketed Natalya's Embrace (cloak), got it at Act3 MP5 solo. I need to paragon level some more so I could play at MP6-8 solo with capped MF with my other gear with added 80k dps totally unbuffed (no sa, archry, ss) but I will add more resist to elements.
About 40 mins. playtime w/ 5 NV when the Natalya dropped. |
try dropping down a notch
Wah, wah, wah, make it rain legendaries every hour on the hour daddy dev.
Look Veruca Salt your dry spell is nothing compared to others. They have you beat by a long shot. |
i havent been able to find any legendaries for around 3 days, well i take that back i found a warmonger, a couple days ago but still why cant i find any im playing mp4 on act 3 but i havent been able to find any has anyone else had this problem? To the OP and others in this thread: You guys have to realize that Magic Find makes a HUGE difference. I was at around 320% MF and had the same bad "luck" as everyone here. Then I upped MP a little, got some more MF gear and I'm sitting at 407%. At >400% MF, it is raining legendaries. I get 1 legendary/2 VoTA runs, sometimes a few back to back. I must've run the vault at least 50 times over the past few days and the results are relatively consistent. Albeit, the legendaries that I've gotten are not the greatest because itemization is really bad in this game, but you'll find'em if you get that MF up to >400%. |
First 2 days after release it was raining legs for me... got a Mempo, Witching Hour, 2 Skorns, 5 Greens and many other browns. For the past few days, almost nothing; been playing exactly the same high speed, high density MP5 runs on A3.
On Monday, I found 10 legendaries. Probably played for 3 hours. Last Friday, I found 0. Played for about 4 hours.
What does this mean? Nothing. |
Why do you want legendaries? Brimstones are cheap enough..
I do simple runs of Act 3 of these areas. not necessarily in this order
Arreat Crater Level 2 Fields of Slaughter Rakkis Crossing Skycrown Battlements The Keep Depths Level 2 Tower of the Damned Level 1 It's raining legendaries. Drops 1 every 1-2 runs. Been finding 8+ legendaries a day all week. It's mostly crap, but i found some useful stuff for my characters. I don't use MF items except follower and paragon. |
My legendary drops are improving in quality (@MP7 solo), and its frequency has always been normally frequent..:-)
Legendaries aren't fun. LOL ^^^ THIS |
Threats of violence. We take these seriously and will alert the proper authorities.
Posts containing personal information about other players. This includes physical addresses, e-mail addresses, phone numbers, and inappropriate photos and/or videos.
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OSP Furniture Kenwood 29" H x 48" W Desk Bridge
Kenwood presents the beauty of wood in an extensive range of modular casegoods with contemporary features and functions. The bridge is non-handed, allowing office design and reconfiguration flexibility. Fluted hardwood edge design and select hardwood veneers are book-matched and assembled in traditional fashion to develop the natural grain character. Complementing this careful craftsmanship are durable finishes featuring a subtle sheen created through a multiple-step process to achieve a unique level of sophistication.
OSP Furniture Kenwood 29" H x 48" W Desk Bridge
Weights & Dimensions
Product Type: Bridge and Connectors | Style: Modern |
Top Finish: Mahogany | Material: Wood; Manufactured wood
Number of Items Included: 1 | Intended Location: Beside desk |
Doors: No | Shelves Included: No |
Drawers Included: No | Legs: No |
Wheels/Casters: No | Product Care: Wipe with a dry Cloth |
Assembly Required: Yes | Additional Parts Required: Yes |
About the Manufacturer
OSP manufactures attractive occasional furniture primarily for office and home living. OSP Furniture is affiliated with the Office Star furniture group. They manufacture occasional furniture primarily for office, kitchen and home living.STYLE
OSP Furniture Kenwood 29" H x 48" W Desk Bridge
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Kenwood 29" H x 48" W Desk Bridge is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: KEN-70-LCH, KEN-70-MAH


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text:
This script is Copyright (C) 2013 Tenable Network Security, Inc.
Synopsis :
The remote Scientific Linux host is missing one or more security
Description :
An integer overflow flaw was discovered in one of pixman's
manipulation routines. If a remote attacker could trick an application
using pixman into performing a certain manipulation, it could cause
the application to crash or, possibly, execute arbitrary code with the
privileges of the user running the application. (CVE-2013-1591)
All applications using pixman must be restarted for this update to
take effect.
See also :
Solution :
Update the affected pixman, pixman-debuginfo and / or pixman-devel
Risk factor :
Critical / CVSS Base Score : 10.0


text:
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Are you attending or throwing an office party this holiday season? Find out some tips to making your holiday party experience a success!
If you hear the train-a-coming, how much should you bend? As rail starts rolling into town, properties on its route are going to have to make way.
A man opposed to joint South Korean-U.S. military drills attacked the American ambassador in Seoul, slashing his face and arm as he was about to give a speech Thursday morning, authorities said.
North Korea quickly called the stabbing a "knife attack...
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Men's Health Best Abs
By Joe Kita (Editor)
(Rodale Books, Paperback, 9781594862892, 96pp.)
Publication Date: September 22, 2005
Other Editions of This Title: Paperback
Shop Local
Enter your zip code below to find indies closest to you.
Men's Health Best: Abs edited by Joe Kita is devoted to strengthening and toning the entire abdominal area. This authoritative guide consists of five chapters packed with the latest wisdom on core and abdominal muscle anatomy, warm-up stretches, building muscle, and sculpting abs. Over 50 photographed exercises illustrate how to effectively target the upper and lower abs, the obliques, glutes, and lower back. Also included, are diet and nutrition tips designed to help stave off extra pounds.
Men's Health is the world's leading men's lifestyle magazine, with a global circulation of nearly 4 million. It is the only men's magazine dedicated to showing men the practical and positive actions that make their lives better.


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QLS Ethics Guidance
The Queensland Law Society's Ethics Centre provides a legal ethics guidance service to all QLS members and non-members (both lawyers and legal support staff). We do not provide guidance to members of the public.
Who we are
The Ethics Centre is comprised of Ethics Solicitors and an Ethics Research Assistant. With over 50 years of combined experience in legal practice, our Ethics Solicitors are well placed to assist with most queries you may have regarding legal ethics.
What we do
If you are a lawyer or work for a lawyer and have an ethical dilemma, our Ethics Solicitors are available to discuss and provide confidential ethical guidance. Even if the ethical issue relates to a confidential matter, you can be comfortable knowing that talking to us is permitted under the ASCR (see rule 9.2.3).
What to expect from the service
When you call the Ethics Centre you will be asked to provide some brief details about the issue. One of our Ethics Solicitors will call you back during which they will explore with you the context in which you are seeking guidance, to unpack the dilemma and guide you through the questions you need to ask yourself.
What not to expect
Our Ethics Solicitors do not provide guidance to the general public. Nor do our Ethics Solicitors provide legal advice. If you require legal advice we suggest you engage a suitably qualified lawyer. If you are a solicitor, please contact the Solicitors Hotline.
How we work
The majority of the guidance we provide is done over the phone. When you call the Ethics Centre, you will be asked to consent to the recording of the conversation for internal use only. If consent is provided, the recording is kept confidential. In some instances we may need to consider your query further and get back to you.
Where we work
Over the phone: call us on 07 3842 5843.
Email us: firstname.lastname@example.com.
At Law Society House: call us to make an appointment.
At your office: call us to make an appointment to come to you (Brisbane CBD and within 20km).
Bespoke ethics sessions
Our Ethics team members present to firms in-house where all solicitors are members of the Society. In consultation, sessions are tailored for your firm, your practice areas and your specific audience.