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- 1 sovereign in first para
- 2 File:Shivaji-ahirani.jpg Nominated for Deletion
- 3 Should the lede term be Shivaji Bhosle or just Shivaji ?
- 4 Questionable source
- 5 Mention of Mahar and Mang troops in his army?
- 6 Yet again: issue of Shivaji's Kshatriya claims and coronation
- 7 Highly POV-laden article
- 8 Cleanup To-Do list
- 9 Discussion of author Babasaheb Purandare at the Reliable Sources Noticeboard
- 10 Shahaji
- 11 My recent image changes
- 12 "Citation needed" material removed 4 August 2013
- 13 Birthdate
- 14 Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2014
- 15 Title "Shivaji" Needs to be changed to "Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale"
- 16 Should it be Bhonsale or Bhosale?
- 17 The title of the page
- 18 Marathas or The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy
- 19 Semi-protected edit request on 19 February 2015
- 20 Semi-protected edit request on 19 February 2015
sovereign in first para[edit]
Shivaji was Chhatrapati ("sovereign") of the Maratha empire and crowned so. So according to me it is better to put sovereign in the first para as introduction.
In Early Life section, his status as aristocrat before being a sovereign could be mentioned.
Thanks.इति इतिUAनॆति नॆति Humour Thisthat2011 11:29, 5 March 2012 (UTC)
- Since there are no comments against the above with sources I would make the changes.इति इतिUAनॆति नॆति Humour Thisthat2011 09:23, 6 March 2012 (UTC)
This is about these edits list: [| 1] , [| 2] by MatthewVanitas.
I am not sure if emperors, especially ones who build empire, are called as aristocrats. Examples on Wikipedia pages would be Alexander the Great, Charles I of England, Henry II of England, etc. I can present a few more examples. There are many kings where such examples would be mentioned so. These languages on these pages are not stilted too.
Also there is no redundancy between sovereign and founder which should be as it is in the sentence.इति इतिUAनेति नेति Humour Thisthat2011 19:09, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
- I think we're misunderstanding each other here: my concern was that the chronology was confusing: "was a Maratha sovereign who founded the Maratha Empire" seems to indicate that he was a sovereign, and also happened to found the Maratha Empire. Whereas, as I understand it, the Maratha Empire's creation is tied to his coronation, thus he, an aristocrat, conquered territory and then was crowned ruler thereof. I submit this is distinct from the kings mentioned above, in that they were kings who did things, not persons who worked their way up to becoming kings. This is not to diminish Shivaji's historical importance, but to reflect his evolution from aristocrat to conquerer and ruler.
- If I can offer a parallel: George Washington was not "a president involved in the founding of the United States", he was "a military officer who became the first president of the United States." So my issue is not that Shivaji was any less of a ruler than anyone else, but that he was not a ruler who presided over a static rule, but someone who didn't start out ruling an empire, but by dint of effort created and ruled one. Might indicating the process in the first sentence help to show this dynamism and chronology? MatthewVanitas (talk) 19:35, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
- Per George Washington page, the lede mentions the first President of the United States of America in the first line. The next line is "He led the American victory over Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War as commander-in-chief of the Continental Army from 1775 to 1783, and presided over the writing of the Constitution in 1787." Therefore your edits need to be reverted, as also your questions do not indicate any standards to be followed in any case.इति इतिUAनेति नेति Humour Thisthat2011 19:49, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
- If I can offer a parallel: George Washington was not "a president involved in the founding of the United States", he was "a military officer who became the first president of the United States." So my issue is not that Shivaji was any less of a ruler than anyone else, but that he was not a ruler who presided over a static rule, but someone who didn't start out ruling an empire, but by dint of effort created and ruled one. Might indicating the process in the first sentence help to show this dynamism and chronology? MatthewVanitas (talk) 19:35, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
File:Shivaji-ahirani.jpg Nominated for Deletion[edit]
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Should the lede term be Shivaji Bhosle or just Shivaji ?[edit]
Per WP:COMMON NAME, the article is titled Shivaji, so why is he referred to as Shivaji Bhosle in the lede? I would submit that just bolding Shivaji seems reasonable, and the term Bhosle appears in the first couple sentences so certainly isn't missing. I took a glance at GoogleBooks and "'shivaji bhosle'" gets 220 hits while "shivaji -bhosle" (meaning "the word shivaji without the word bhosle") gets nearly a half-million. So not at all denying he's of the Bhosle clan, but questioning whether it's truly common/appropriate to refer to him as "Shivaji Bhosle" as though it were a last name in the modern sense. I have some slight suspicion that the inclusion of Bhosle as a true surname here might be anachronistic, perhaps by enthusiastic individuals who are surnamed Bhosle and want to highlight the connection? ;) MatthewVanitas (talk) 15:07, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
- Please see Alexander the Great, Stephen, King of England for similar example. The lede can have the titles in bold.
- Also, the GoogleBooks search does not work for the lede in this case as title Shivaji Bhosale or Shivajirao Bhosale is quite popular. Your suspicion is not backed by sources nor it is correct per me.इति इतिUAनेति नेति Humour Thisthat2011 19:14, 28 March 2012 (UTC)
- You raise a good point with Alexander the Great as an example of further elaboration of names in lede. If the Bhosle name is frequently used in RSs, I withdraw the objection. MatthewVanitas (talk) 16:34, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
Questionable source[edit]
This article appears to be very, very POV-y in tone, and perhaps also in fact. I would appreciate comments regarding one major source, regarding which this review seems pretty decent evidence that it fails our reliable sources policy. A "novel" written for children with the intent of hagiography is not the sort of thing that we would usually use, regardless of the author. - Sitush (talk) 02:12, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
- Could you explain how is this POV-y in tone and in fact. I am sure you do not mean that it is POV because he fought in medieval times against mughals, the colonials, etc. One can not assume this without sources. Some info about Balwant Moreshwar Purandare - [| Punaya Ratna awards presented], [| 2] here.इति इतिUAनेति नेति Humour Thisthat2011 06:21, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
- This is real cherry picking Sitush. The review of the book you refer to clearly states in the first line "The book is an excerpt of the big novel 'RajaShivchatrapati' written by Babasaheb Purandare." The second line says "This is specially written for children.... " That does not mean that contents are changed for children. Like say September is difficult for children to read so lets call it May instead. -§§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 09:59, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
- User:Thisthat2011 gave you two links about the author. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 13:38, 2 April 2012 (UTC)
Babasaheb Purandare by his own admission is a "popular historian" and his work should be regarded as secondary source.This is mainly because he does not know Farsi, the Lingua franca of 17th century India. Nevertheless, he is considered an "authority" by Marathi People on life and times of Shivaji. There are a number of bilingual editors fluent in both Marathi and English who can who can translate his work into English. Jonathansammy (talk) 21:57, 5 April 2012 (UTC)
- By "secondary source" you mean "backup/supplementary source", yes? Not WP:Secondary source in the academic sense, right? Further, the phrase: evertheless, he is considered an "authority" by Marathi People on life and times of Shivaji. That's all well-and-good, but do people who don't have an emotional investment in Shivaji consider Purandare to be an authority? Just because a bunch of Americans consider "John J. Smith" an authority on George Washington doesn't mean that he isn't writing hagiography that any non-American would consider patent propaganda; maybe they like Smith precisely because he says a lot of wonderful things about Washington and skips over the grimy bits. I don't know BPs work, so I'm playing devil's advocate here, but fundamentally a "novel" by a "pop historian" doesn't at all seem the kind of thing we should be using if we want to reach Featured Article status here. MatthewVanitas (talk) 21:58, 13 April 2012 (UTC)
Mathewvanitas, I was just making a general comment on B M Purandare. I certainly would not use the children's book as a reference. He is popularly known as Shiv-Shahir or Shiv's ( Shivaji's) Bard. That in itself might disqualify his work for departing from NPOV. Nevertheless, it is worth translating his work and adding that to the article if it fits Wikipedia's policy on NPOV and reliable source etc.Jonathansammy (talk) 08:09, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
- One must call a certain source as POV-y if the source is used in a sense that represents a "point of view". Blankly classifying a source as POV which is maybe used to verify some date is weird. Also as said before, children's book doesnt mean that facts are altered. §§AnimeshKulkarni (talk) 08:48, 14 April 2012 (UTC)
- @JS: if the book stands out amongst the popularly-read bios of Shivaji, I could see it being mentioned in the "literature" section or whatnot. But I don't see the need to actually cite it, unless he's an actual serious historian who conducted independent research. If he, for example, is a serious Shivaji biographer and happened to put out a kids' book as side-project, let's find his serious, peer-reviewed adult books and cite those. If he's a childrens' author in general, then there are probably more serious historians we should focus on instead.
- @Animesh: You raise half a good point, but easily rebutted: if we're using a children's book to cite a some basic fact like a date... why on earth are we using a children's book for that? Either there must be plenty of good history books which cite that fact, or else we should be a little suspicious that a children's novel is the "main place" we can find a given fact. I'm honestly not understanding why anyone is defending Purandare's work as an RS. It might be popular (even Notably so), it might be a great read, but for a figure as written-about as Shivaji I can't imagine we're so short on references that we have to turn to a kids' book to cite basic info. MatthewVanitas (talk) 17:34, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
Mention of Mahar and Mang troops in his army?[edit]
The article Mahar makes some mention of the role of the Mahar in Shivaji's army, with the implication that his incorporating an Untouchable group into his forces gives some understanding of the revolutionary nature of his empire-building. I'm finding a scattering of refs for that, and some mentions of similar incorporation of the Mang caste (though not as many cites). Would the caste diversity issue be worth adding to the "Military" section? Particularly as the section attempts to focus on his innovations, and is short on cited material. MatthewVanitas (talk) 16:34, 9 April 2012 (UTC)
Yet again: issue of Shivaji's Kshatriya claims and coronation[edit]
It turns out User:18.104.22.168 is quite the SPA; not only does this user only edit Shivaji, this user about only edits in order to remove any mention of the questions around Shivaji's heritage that came up at the time of his coronation. I am of the opinion that this "omission" is among the graver deep flaws of this article, aside from just the basic issue of it being hagiographic. I'll go ahead and agree with 75' for the moment that the references provided weren't great and should be upgraded, but the edit summary "Just one sided point of view." is not a reassuring reason to erase one side of an argument
We had previously attempted to hash out this issue in Fall 2011, here: Talk:Shivaji/Archive_3#Finding_agreement_on_how_to_portray_the_descent_controversy. Though we had some reasonable folks on both sides, that was also opportunity for less-helpful editors to charge in with:
- Its should not be allowed to further caste objectives of one particular person. Chattrapati Shivaji Maharaj is a figure of reverence for the whole of India ; but particularly for the entire 96 K MARATHA CLAN , his reverence is second only to God .
Unfortunately large chunks of it became a shout-fest (and I'll note about all those shouting were pro-Rajput Descent, by some odd coincidence), and not much got resolved. In the meantime if folks have suggested ways to work in that Shivaji's eligibility for coronation has been raised as an issue (not that it was right or wrong, but that it occurred), we should get some good sourcing, ensure it isn't fringe, and get it back in there so the article will not loose further credibility for being a puff-piece vice a broad overview of historical perspective. MatthewVanitas (talk) 17:28, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
- Ah, checked in and apparently that IP is just User:Bhushanbush82 editing while logged out[1]; and he even dropped into his own Sockpuppet investigation with this IP to defend himself and manually signed his username. MatthewVanitas (talk) 17:38, 15 April 2012 (UTC)
Well MathhewVanitas it was you who was shouting about Shivaji low origin(that too without evidence), Shivaji Rajput source has both contemporary agreement as well as nod by many noted historians. On the other hand opposition to Shivaji Rajput origin is more Political(Har Bilas Sarda exposed the British intention to spread this myth to give rise to Dalit Nationalism). Though the so called Low Origin of Shivaji has almost NO contemporary evidences which shows that Shivaji low origin is an invention of modern historians.220.127.116.11 (talk) 06:52, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
Mathewsvanita dont try to confuse contemporary account or sources with your Reliable Source, the Contemporary sources are the Building blocks for Historians. The original sources which give rise to various theories are of top priority, the books written in 1800s are mostly by Biritish writers but at the same time books of 1980s-1990s about Maratha History is extremely poor. The downfall of great historians have created a vaccum their is just not a single historian right now in India who can be called a reliable historian in maratha history for example see the sources from where Britannica sourced its own article about shivaji----
http://books.google.co.in/books?ei=eOf3T8LHDMbtrQfWhOXfBg&id=BhY8AAAAMAAJ&dq=balkrishna+shivaji+britannica&q=sarkar#search_anchor. As you can see the top most reference is to Shivaji the Great by Dr Balkrishna and then by Sir Jadunath Sarkar. These books are about 1930s and still the most detailed books on Shivaji.188.8.131.52 (talk) 07:46, 7 July 2012 (UTC)
Challenge the Content of the article, and dont try to back yourself with writers or authors who have no authority on this subject. The simple conclusion is Shivaji Rajput Origin is Collaborated by Contemporary Evidences and Shivaji Low Origin is fabrication of 19th century which peaked during early 20th century but its MYTH BUBBLE BUSTED with discovery of "PERSIAN FARMANS" which have been shown in this article you too can read all those farmans given to the ancestors of bhosle and ghorpade it clearly proves that Shivaji was a Sisodia Rajput and Jaduanth Sarkar Mythological theory (which he has adopted from 91 qalmi and shedgaonkar bakhar both very late works) can be PUT TO REST. He was an influential historian he has many historians under his sway who write or say what Jadunath Sarkar said but unfortunately even he cannot "FABRICATE THE CONTEMPORARY SOURCES WHO MENTIONS ONLY ONE ORIGIN OF SHIVAJI AND THAT IS SHIVAJI" , yes but for maintaining neutrality i have mentioned those sources as well.126.96.36.199 (talk) 07:20, 13 July 2012 (UTC)
Highly POV-laden article[edit]
Just some random quotes from the article with no citations:
- Shivaji was extremely devoted to his mother Jijabai, who was deeply religious.
- This victory alarmed Aurangazeb the mighty Mughal emperor, who now derisively referred to Shivaji as the "Mountain Rat".
- Jauhar did not leave any stone unturned to ensure that the siege around Panhala was unyielding, he personally took utmost care that no one in his army was complacent.
- In the ensuing Battle of Pavan Khind, Baji Prabhu Deshpande fought relentlessly.
- Shaista Khan, appreciating his bravery, offered him a jahagir ...
- Given the uneven match Prataprao reasoned that there was no point in leading his 1,200 cavalrymen into a suicide charge alone.
- Shivaji is well known for his benevolent attitude towards his subjects. He believed that there was a close bond between the state and the citizens. He encouraged all accomplished and competent individuals to participate in the ongoing political/military struggle. He is remembered as a just and welfare-minded king.
- Shivaji was the first king of the medieval world to undertake the revolutionary idea of abolishing the feudal system, 150 years before its worldwide recognition in the French revolution.
- Among the various poems written on Shivaji Maharaj by various poets, Ramdas' Shivastuti ("Praise of King Shivaji") is the most famous.
- He boldly risked his life, his treasure and his personal well being and that of his family, to openly challenge his immensely larger enemies to defend and achieve freedom and independence for his country. He did not spend any resources on projects designed for self-aggrandizement or vanity, instead he was propelled by his sense of dharma (sacred duty) to his people. The later Indian nationalists have hailed him as a role model for his heroism, selflessness, freedom, and courage. Shivaji earned a high level of admiration and respect from his followers and subjects. Even today, he is venerated in India and especially in the state of Maharashtra with awe and admiration and is viewed as a hero of epic proportions.
Plus the entire section on "Character" is basically POV even with its meager citations.
Anyway, the whole article could just use a lot of reduction in tone words ("ignominously", "admirably", "relentlessly") all of which provide a narrative to scenes and events with no primary sources. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 188.8.131.52 (talk) 03:15, 26 September 2012 (UTC)
- You raise a lot of good points; the article pretty much has to be gone through with a fine-tooth comb, citations to children's novels removed, poor tone removed, the portrayal rendered more neutral, etc. Unfortunately Shivaji is a nigh-mythic figure to a lot of people, so this article is subject to constant interference from partisans that just want to inflate a historical personage into a demigod. You can see at the bottom of the page how the entire historical argument that Shivaji's Kshatriya status was a political issue is met with emotional outbursts and rather illogical arguments. I can't promise exactly when, but I have a great intent to finally sit down and hold this article to proper Wikipedia standards. MatthewVanitas (talk) 03:50, 26 September 2012 (UTC)
Did substantial cleanup[edit]
Okay, today and last night I went through about all of the article, fixing unclear bits, removing florid language and bias, etc. Also had to remove what clearly appeared to be little snippets interjected by drive-by editors with no concern for continuity or sourcing. I also marked a few areas as needing clarification, source checks, better sources, etc. As I see it here's the task ahead:
- Go through the article and resolve any uncited sections (I have hidden some of the especially unclear or poorly written sections) or tagged "who?", "where?" etc. vague material.
- Take a hard look at the current footnotes/sources and suss out which ones are inappropriate. We currently have 16 footnotes attributed to a television program: "Raja ShivChhatrapati". Not even a documentary, it's a serial costume drama, you can watch it on YouTube. We also have 29 footnotes to Babasaheb Purandare, who best as I can tell is a writer of popular histories, not necessarily a PhD scholar. He himself is certainly notable, and I'm sure his books are good, but best as I can tell he's a storyteller, not a stickler for fact. There are plenty of other sketchy sources, including tourist guidebooks (not RS for history like this). I'm unsure about Sardesai, as I'm not finding a lot of info about him, but the article uses him a half-dozen times too. There are also a lot of books missing weblinks, or publishers/dates, etc that need to be nailed down.
- Following that, it would behoove us to take a look at some Feature Articles about other political-military leaders (Alexander the Great, Napoleon Bonaparte) and see how they're laid-out in order to see what a "winning formula" might be to touch up this article.
- The above is all technical stuff that anyone familiar with WP could do. The really hard part will be finding some folks who are both neutral and well-read on the topic, who can comb through and ensure that the inclusions aren't selective. I'm not a Maratha expert, but even I already caught the absurd point where the article listed a series of awesome Maratha victories as Shivaji's legacy... and stopped just before the Battle of Panipat (1761) where the Marathas were shattered, and had no whisper of the Third Anglo-Maratha War where the Brits ended their empire. It's like having an article about V. I. Lenin and having the Legacy section end in 1985 with the USSR as one of two world superpowers... and completely skip over their losing the Soviet-Afghan War and the eventual collapse of the USSR.
So, that's what I'm seeing so far. In the short term, we need to get more (or more rigorous) watchlisters, since this article gets pecked to death by drive-by editors making unexplained changes that keep disrupting flow, sourcing, and any stability of even basic things like how the infobox is worded. How does all this sound so far? MatthewVanitas (talk) 20:21, 26 September 2012 (UTC)
- Excellent work!. If Indian and Marathi editors would like to see this article elevated to FA status then they should be more objective and put their POV aside. Jonathansammy (talk) 16:59, 27 September 2012 (UTC)
Cleanup To-Do list[edit]
- Done Remove overly POV terms (glorious, ignominious, epic, etc) throughout the article
- Done Mark [citation needed]'s and [who?][when?][where?] as needed, deleting or hiding any truly dubious unsourced material
- Done Review sources and remove those which are not WP:Reliable sources or improperly used.
- Done Remove 16 footnotes to the television serial Raja ShivChhatrapati
- Done Verify non-RS of H. S. Sardesai (6 cites). I'm finding very little about him online except for writing one multi-volume book on Shivaji, and gScholar doesn't seem to show him being cited as notable. Not to be confused with the apparently-notable Sarkar colleague G. S. Sardesai?
- Done Verify non-RS of Bhawan Singh Rana (3 cites). Appears to be a PhD, but not finding much on gScholar except he's published a few history books for Diamond Pocket Books of Delhi.
- Done Verify the small/miscellaneous refs used, prune out travel guides, fansites, novels, etc. Provide links where missing, note missing page numbers
- Done Verify non-RS of Babasaheb Purandare (29 cites). This is the big one; the author is clearly a Notable person, but best as I can tell he's a writer of popular history rather than a academic historian. So his writings may be cracking tales of derrring-do, but I suspect they're not historically rigorous material. Given how extensively this source is used, the issue must be addressed.
- Done Check "Further reading" and remove any non-notable authors/publishers/books, arrange in logical order
- Partly done Before we go cleaning up all the rest, we should check what material should really just be covered in its own linked article. The article Napoleon Bonaparte has sub-sections for about a dozen major campaigns or wars; this article has 14 sections for individual battles. I suspect that in a number of cases we can lump several battles together into a sub-section about a given period of Shivaji's life, and let the reader refer to the linked article to get the blow-by-blow of how the fight went.
- Not done Once non-RS cites have been cleared out, go through and address any [citation needed]'s with acceptable academic RS's. Remove material which we simply can't source.
- Done The section "Contemporary foreign accounts" appears of dubious value; how many of these folks were any more qualified to comment on Shivaji than anyone else at the time? It appears it might just be a fluff-magnet. - Removed with this edit.
- Done Ensure all material in lede is properly sourced in body, and remove footnotes from lede for cleaner read. Those looking to find greater context and sourcing can check the body.
- Not done Check current content against a variety of neutral accounts, and identify notable missing information.
- Done The article prior to cleanup deliberately stopped right before the Battle of Panipat, obscuring the eventual decline of the Maratha Empire. I fixed this and also briefly mentioned that the empire lasted until 1818.
- Done The article has a substantial gap from 1649 to 1657; either describe what happened, or specifically note it was a quiet period.
- Not done Same issue, narrowed to 1649-1653 now.
- Done The Battle of Pavan Khind still has zero sources, and the main article of it isn't much better
- Partly done When did Hindavi Swarajya become a concept? Was his family always "fighting for freedom of the Marathas", or is there a point where more basic raiding and influence building took on a more political-religious tone?
- Done Odd thing to be missing, but exactly when did he transition just regular fighting and raiding to having an actual empire? Was there a kingdom period prior to the empire period? Was the coronation the clear line, or is it more complex than that? At least some sources seem to indicate it wasn't considered an "empire" until the 18th century, being a "confederacy" or "kingdom" prior to that. This claims the Brits called it the Maratha Confederacy until around the 1780s or so.
- Done Sambhaji defected to the Mughals at some point; this is glossed over in the article
- Not done A number of treaties are described in a way that portrays the Marathas having the upper hand; these need to be checked to ensure folks and bowlderising instances where the Marathas were at a disadvantage
- Partly done The article had an astonishing lack of mention of Shivaji's dealings with the Portuguese, French, and English powers. Within WP:DUE weight, needs to be added.
- Not done The article contains basically no content about criticism/critique of Shivaji; needs a survey of neutral sources to see if there are any less-admirable acts that have been whitewashed, or at least give some note of his opponents' perspectives. Properly neutral bios of admired Western figures don't shy away from presenting their controversies (see Abraham Lincoln, Winston Churchill), so I don't see why Indian leaders should be held to a lower standard of scholarship.
- Not done Here's the huge one: tons of RSs mention that Shivaji had trouble getting coronated because some Brahmins didn't believe he was Kshatriya. Complex and sensitive issue, and likely to provoke outburst from drive-by editors, so when we address this one we'll have to come "loaded for bear" with a substantial number of ironclad references, and prepare for edit warring.
- Partly done Historiography section: changes in how Shivaji has been perceived over time, from local leader to dacoit to communal icon to proto-nationalist, etc. JS mentioned Lokmanya Tilak as playing a key role.
- Partly done Note late-19th C. taking of Shivaji as model for caste upliftment in Maharashtra[14]
- Not done Summarise early British perceptions[15]
- Partly done There appear to have been some number of riots associated with portrayals of Shivaji in the modern era, fights over statues, defamation accusations, etc. These would bear some note in "Legacy" or similar.
- Partly done Nehru apparently referred to Shivaji as a "predatory adventurer" until he needed the political support of Marathas[16]
- Partly done} M. G. Ranade was apparently a key figure in countering the British (and other) narratives portraying Shivaji as a brigand, setting the state for a new portrayal of Shivaji as a "founding father" type instead. This seems to be a key historiographical issue.[17]
- Not done Following a general cleanup, the format should be checked against formats successfully used on GA/FA bios, and adjusted for optimal flow and clarity.
This is the list as I see it; feel free to modify the above, just add a mention below this signature as to what you changed when so we can keep track. Looking forward to getting this whipped into shape. MatthewVanitas (talk) 22:28, 27 September 2012 (UTC)
Discussion of author Babasaheb Purandare at the Reliable Sources Noticeboard[edit]
There is a discussion at the RS Noticeboard as to whether Purandare qualifies as a WP:RS for the article Shivaji. Discussion posted here: Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard#Raja_Shivachhatrapati_by_Babasaheb_Purandare_in_the_article_Shivaji_.28Indian_history_bio.29. MatthewVanitas (talk) 00:49, 28 September 2012 (UTC)
Doubt H. S. Sardesai is RS[edit]
While we're here, does anyone object to removing H. S. Sardesai as a source? I'm pretty sure he's not the same person as G. S. Sardesai, and I can't really find anything on him other than that he wrote a multi-volume book on Shivaji (which I can't find available online). So no easy access, and no clear way to verify his credentials. I'd like to remove his cites, so please speak up if you object. MatthewVanitas (talk) 08:27, 28 September 2012 (UTC)
- H. S. Sardesai is a well known authority on Shivaji. A multi-volume book on Shivaji is clearly a good indicator as well, which can not be ignored. As also, being not available online is no reason to doubt anything. The reasoning is shallow.
- Babasaheb Purandare is also a well known authority on Shivaji. It is unfortunate that he is considered not good enough source because of political reasons such as 'Brahmin' etc. which is casteist objection, this is an excuse not a reason to ignore sources on Wikipedia. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 220.127.116.11 (talk) 17:05, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
- Being multi-volume is no guarantee of academic merit, so that's not an issue. And it's not simply the fact that Sardesai's book isn't available online (though that doesn't help), it's that there's almost nothing about him online. Contrast G. S. Sardesai, who has biographies, is cited in many works, his books referred to in other books, etc. So not at all shallow reasoning.
- So far as Babasaheb, please see the full discussiona at Wikipedia:Reliable_sources/Noticeboard#Raja_Shivachhatrapati_by_Babasaheb_Purandare_in_the_article_Shivaji_.28Indian_history_bio.29, and note that so far the general consensus is that he's a novelist, not a true academic. MatthewVanitas (talk) 18:58, 4 October 2012 (UTC)
The article has the following sentence "Shivaji's father Shahaji Bhosale was the leader of a band of mercenaries that serviced the Deccan Sultanates.[7]". I checked the reference and could not find that description. Also, conventionally, mercenaries tend to be fighters from a foreign land. Shahaji, a native son of Maharashtra, mainly operated in Maharashtra. So the description is wrong. The history I learnt in school described him as a sardar or a knight in the court of Adilshahi. Let us see what others have to say on the matter and then the text can be changed. Jonathansammy (talk) 17:40, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
- Good catch, definitely open to a clarification there. The trick is to avoid any overly-judgmental old British references (the ones calling the Marathas "brigands" and the like), but also not let POV editors whitewash out any mentions of Shahaji and Shivaji ever cooperating with the Muslims, British, etc. Politics of the time certainly weren't black and white, and a lot of folks cut a lot of deals, so we just need to portray those clearly and in good summary. Way too much of this article has been the "Hollywood" version of heroes and villains, and a lot of "great stories" that aren't borne out by sources past or present, but just turned up in novels and TV serials as ways to inject some adventure into the dry bits.
- Thanks for all your help so far, I think this article is really coming along! MatthewVanitas (talk) 18:10, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
Thanks. The article on Shahaji describes him as a General which is the correct description.Jonathansammy (talk) 18:57, 16 October 2012 (UTC)
- Any fair minded chap could tell that Wikipedia is not a place for manufacturing history otherwise it could only make any article look like tribals writing down fantasies which any scientific mind would reject without prejudice squarely. A better source is definitely needed.188.8.131.52 (talk) 13:19, 27 October 2012 (UTC)
My recent image changes[edit]
My edits of changing images has been reverted by MatthewVanitas. He has asked to discuss it on talk page first. So, I am here.
But I don't think it needs to be discussed as the present version (of images) was also put without discussion. Originally, some other version (which I was puting) was there in the article, but Redtigerxyz changed those images saying "(infobox, historical img)" here- http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shivaji&diff=515276035&oldid=515275893]. It was never discussed. So I was not making any new edit but just restoring the old image version here- http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shivaji&diff=524194258&oldid=524013841] because that old image version was replaced by some new version without discussion. -Pareen Singh (talk) 09:58, 24 November 2012 (UTC)
- Pareen Singh, I would go for the image painted by the Dutch painter who was a contemporary of Shivaji rather than the "Modern", more stylish picture currently in the article. Thanks.Jonathansammy (talk) 21:28, 25 November 2012 (UTC))
- Pareen, thanks for checking in on the issue, but I agree with Jonathan that the image from Shivaji's own era is probably a better choice than a 20th century version. If you have a counterargument, it'd be great to hear it. Thanks for discussing, and you are correct that the person who changed it to the Dutch portrait initially should have discussed it first. MatthewVanitas (talk) 17:08, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
- It appears Pareen has been blocked a WP:sock puppet account. But still it's good that we have a discussion of the image just in case it arises in the future. MatthewVanitas (talk) 17:10, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
- Pareen, thanks for checking in on the issue, but I agree with Jonathan that the image from Shivaji's own era is probably a better choice than a 20th century version. If you have a counterargument, it'd be great to hear it. Thanks for discussing, and you are correct that the person who changed it to the Dutch portrait initially should have discussed it first. MatthewVanitas (talk) 17:08, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
Matthew, thanks for changing the image. regards Jonathansammy (talk) 19:19, 30 November 2012 (UTC)
"Citation needed" material removed 4 August 2013[edit]
Preserving here in case someone wants to check around and find a proper cite for these.
- Following a treaty between the Mughals and the Bijapur Sultanate, Shahaji was posted to a Bangalore-based jagir, while Jijabai and Shivaji remained in Pune.[citation needed]
- At age of 14, he returned to Pune with a rajmudra (sovereign seal) and a ministerial council.[citation needed]
- In the ensuing Battle of Pavan Khind, the smaller Maratha force, dual-wielding dand patta swords,[citation needed]
- [Pavan Khind/Ghod Khind] The battle resulted in the death of 300 Marathas and 3,000 Adilshahi troops.[citation needed]
- Per the accord, Panhala Fort was awarded to Siddi Jauhar.[citation needed]
MatthewVanitas (talk) 16:15, 4 August 2013 (UTC)
- Thereafter a truce was made between Shivaji and Adilshah through Shahaji.[citation needed] [after Pavan Khind]
MatthewVanitas (talk) 19:54, 13 August 2013 (UTC)
Late 2014 uncited removals[edit]
- Afzal Khan desecrated Hindu temples at Tuljapur and Pandharpur, hoping to draw Shivaji to the plains where the superior Bijapuri army could destroy him. Shivaji, however, sent a letter to Afzal Khan requesting a meeting to negotiate.[citation needed]
- MatthewVanitas (talk) 07:19, 21 September 2014 (UTC)
Shivaji's birth year is wrong. — Preceding unsigned comment added by 18.104.22.168 (talk) 12:32, 30 November 2013 (UTC)
- If you can cite reliable sources to support the date you've mentioned, then you can add it to the page. -Ugog Nizdast (talk) 08:41, 1 December 2013 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 23 January 2014[edit]
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Shivaji should be called one of the greatest ruler because of what he achieved and what personality he had. 188.8.131.52 (talk) 15:25, 23 January 2014 (UTC)
- Add some sources to you statement. Bladesmulti (talk) 16:26, 23 January 2014 (UTC)
- Agreed, when making requests always provide reliable sources supporting what has to be changed to what. Also, we do not use words like "greatest" in the encyclopaedia, see peacock wording; such opinions about him are stated (if they are indeed notable) as to who said them, rather than facts per our neutral point of view policy. -Ugog Nizdast (talk) 16:39, 23 January 2014 (UTC)
Title "Shivaji" Needs to be changed to "Chhatrapati Shivaji Raje Bhonsale"[edit]
I fail to understand why the title of this article is just "Shivaji" and not "Chhatrapati Shivaji".
Raje Shivaji was honored titles of "Shakakarta" "Kshatriya Kulavantas" & "Chhatrapati" during his coronation however the most important fact is these title & honors were unanimously respected by common man during those era & now as well.
Chhatrapati ("paramount sovereign") is not a common post/position/rank/title nor a general term for ruler, monarch, or member of a monarch's or former monarch's family.
Raje Shivaji was noble king who feared nothing and cared for everything and singular name title of "Shivaji" for this article feels more dis-respectful.
There are plenty of examples which can be given for Article on greatest Kings / Politicians / Humanitarians who are published with their entitled sovereign but I would like to make only one "Mahatma Gandhi"
Article on Mohandas Gandhi has the title of "Mahatma Gandhi" a title or sovereign which he was given by the people.
On the personal point of view, today when people look back at the history of India they think about "Gandhi", "Independence War" "Mughal Sultanate & its Architectures" "Hindu Religion" "Democracy" "Buddhism" but for me the most important event in Indian history was establishment of "Hindavi Swarajya" & "Swarajya War" which took place, started by a 16 year old brave Maratha boy.
I don't have any proofs to prove that this is an important event in history and not a story of a man who wanted to become King but I seek answer to a simple question - If Raje Shivaji had not fought against Mughal's & Mughal's would have continued their growth in India... Do you think that any other religions & their legacy in Indian would have survived? Do you think British Governance would have won the war to rule Indian? Do you think we would have seen "Mahatma Gandhi" or "Indian Independence Movement" or "Making of Largest Democracy in World" in the history?
In the end, It is a fact Shivaji Raje Bhonsale was the founder of "Hindavi Swarajya" & has been entitle Chhatrapati ("paramount sovereign"), It must be published / narrated / honored along with his name whenever it is mentioned.
Regards, viraj — Preceding unsigned comment added by Viraj s85 (talk • contribs) 19:45, 28 January 2014 (UTC)
- The case of Gandhi is the exception that proves the rule. The title of the article reflects the most common name for the subject. Shivaji is the most common name, and that's what the title should remain. Vanamonde93 (talk) 19:53, 28 January 2014 (UTC)
Should it be Bhonsale or Bhosale?[edit]
This would be a minor question. As far as I know, In Marathi Bhosale is never written with the 'n'. Since its the last name should that Be corrected? — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maksedit (talk • contribs) 17:09, 15 May 2014 (UTC)
- The issue here is the transliteration of the vowel indicated in Devnagri by the dot above the line. There is no precise analog in English, and I have seen it rendered variously with and without the 'n.' Here, we must depend on community consensus, which at this point appears to favour the 'n,' though I am unsure about how carefully this has been looked at. Vanamonde93 (talk) 17:42, 15 May 2014 (UTC)
I could be wrong but I have never seen Bhosale (भोसले) written with a dot above the line when written in Devnagri. If the dot is present in Devnagri I agree with the 'n' being present but I don't think it has a dot — Preceding unsigned comment added by Maksedit (talk • contribs) 18:21, 15 May 2014 (UTC)
The title of the page[edit]
The title of the page should be Chhatrapati Shivaji as mentioned above by Vanamonde or Shivaji Maharaj, instead of just Shivaji, as in whole Maharashtra he is always referred to by these names only, respectfully. Regards! Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 10:33, 21 July 2014 (UTC)
- That's not what Vanamonde said above, he said it should be just Shivaji and I agree with it. This is discussed numerous times before, read the talk archives like Talk:Shivaji/Archive 2#want change in title of this page. Sincerely, Ugog Nizdast (talk) 10:38, 21 July 2014 (UTC)
- Yeah I agree with you Ugog, and I also read the archive, so can't we have Shivajiraje Bhosale , which would neither be against the encyclopaedic title styles, nor would it be dishonouring the great king, just like they have Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ?? With due respect... Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 06:21, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
- Well then, with that, WP:COMMONNAME comes into play. Probably the same reason Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi redirects to the more common Mahatma Gandhi. As I see, Chhatrapati Shivaji, Shivaji Maharaj, Shivajiraje Bhonsale etc (see the complete long list of redirects here) are more than enough. Thanks, Ugog Nizdast (talk) 07:29, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
- Yeah, so I guess by the COMMONNAME context, the name should be changed and appeal to the author to do so. Thanks Ugog! Cheers Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 14:41, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
- Abhilash Mhaisne, in my experience, Gandhi's name is the exception which proves the rule; the rule being that honorifics are not typically part of an individual's common name. Even the current Queen Elizabeth DABs to Elizabeth II. Vanamonde93 (talk) 17:24, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
- Vanamonde93, perhaps we could have another exception to the rule, can't we. Come on, no one calls him just Shivaji. I am not uselessly arguing over the topic. Sincere regards, and no offence. Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 17:54, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
- I can't see why it should be an exception. Dougweller (talk) 21:02, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
- Neither can I. Shivaji is easily recognizable as this august personality. --regentspark (comment) 22:08, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
- Dougweller regentspark Yeah exactly why I suggested Shivajiraje Bhosale, which would abide by the rules as well as not dishonour this personality. Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 14:02, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
- Does Shivaji dishonor his name? Could you provide a reliable source indicating that the use of Shivaji is considered derogatory? I see it very commonly used (for example, this article refers to him throughout as Shivaji without the raje or the Bhosale). --regentspark (comment) 14:19, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
- As I understand it, WP:COMMONNAME applies unless there is a NPOV issue with the common name. Therefore, as RP said, you would need to provide a source which shows that just "Shivaji" is an NPOV violation. Vanamonde93 (talk) 15:54, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
- Well, regentspark, Vanamonde, and Doug the article referenced above by Doug shows that in wide (international level) contexts, he is referred to as Shivaji, which was not in my knowledge. There have been issues in the use of his name, but they refer rather locally here and hence no trustworthy source can be cited about them. Thank you very much. Regards! SlimShadyLFC (talk) 14:41, 28 July 2014 (UTC) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Abhilash Mhaisne (talk • contribs)
- Does Shivaji dishonor his name? Could you provide a reliable source indicating that the use of Shivaji is considered derogatory? I see it very commonly used (for example, this article refers to him throughout as Shivaji without the raje or the Bhosale). --regentspark (comment) 14:19, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
- Dougweller regentspark Yeah exactly why I suggested Shivajiraje Bhosale, which would abide by the rules as well as not dishonour this personality. Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 14:02, 24 July 2014 (UTC)
- Neither can I. Shivaji is easily recognizable as this august personality. --regentspark (comment) 22:08, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
- Abhilash Mhaisne, in my experience, Gandhi's name is the exception which proves the rule; the rule being that honorifics are not typically part of an individual's common name. Even the current Queen Elizabeth DABs to Elizabeth II. Vanamonde93 (talk) 17:24, 23 July 2014 (UTC)
- Yeah, so I guess by the COMMONNAME context, the name should be changed and appeal to the author to do so. Thanks Ugog! Cheers Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 14:41, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
- Well then, with that, WP:COMMONNAME comes into play. Probably the same reason Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi redirects to the more common Mahatma Gandhi. As I see, Chhatrapati Shivaji, Shivaji Maharaj, Shivajiraje Bhonsale etc (see the complete long list of redirects here) are more than enough. Thanks, Ugog Nizdast (talk) 07:29, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
- Yeah I agree with you Ugog, and I also read the archive, so can't we have Shivajiraje Bhosale , which would neither be against the encyclopaedic title styles, nor would it be dishonouring the great king, just like they have Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ?? With due respect... Abhilash Mhaisne (talk) 06:21, 22 July 2014 (UTC)
Marathas or The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy[edit]
I am a student of history. In history, areas conquered or controlled by Marathas are known as The Maratha Empire or the Maratha Confederacy.(Even some times they are called just "The Marathas") It is absurd to call an area over 2,800,000 km²( at zenith) as "Kingdom". It beats common logic. By the way source is given below: [18]
It says-"Shivaji was a Hindu king who successfully fought the forces of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, declaring himself king and establishing the powerful Maratha Confederacy. His story has become legendary.".(Check it) — Preceding unsigned comment added by Ghatus (talk • contribs) 12:20, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
First, the lead is a summary of the article and the article discusses the Maratha Kingdom. Some of the sources:J. L. Mehta (2005). Advanced Study in the History of Modern India: Volume One: 1707–1813. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 707–. ISBN 978-1-932705-54-6. – It explains the rise to power of his Peshwa (prime minister) Buluji Vishwanath (171 3–20) and the transformation of the Maratha kingdom into a vast empire, by the collective action of all the Maratha stalwarts. M.N. Pearson (February 1976).
Review Caste, Society and Politics in India from the Eighteenth Century to the Modern Age by Susan Bayly Review by: C. J. Fuller The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Vol. 6, No. 3 (Sep., 2000), pp. 546-547 ...stage back before the post-Mughal suc- cessor regimes, notably to the Maratha kingdom of Shivaji (1630-80). Later, in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, in the Maratha and some other post-Mughal kingdoms - as well as in regions ruled by the British - the norms and institutions of caste expanded and strengthened significantly....
The Tyranny of Labels by Romila Thapar - seems a pretty good historian to me at any rate Social Scientist, Vol. 24, No. 9/10 (Sep. - Oct., 1996), pp. 3-23 ...Chauhana could not hold them back. The establishment of the Maratha kingdom also took place at the intervention of the deity. This kind of adjustment which emerges out of upper caste interests may also have been in part a response to the necessary change in the role model.
Towards an Ecological History of India Madhav Gadgil Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 20, No. 45/47, Special Number (Nov., 1985), pp. 1909-1911+1913+1915+1917-1918 ...caste of Kolis and pastoral caste of Dhangars. From amongst these arose Shivaji Bhonsale, the founder of the Maratha empire that dominated the politics of India during the late seventeenth and whole of eighteenth century.22 The Maratha kingdom could survive in the seventeenth century by taking tactical ad- vantage of the..
An Indian Penal Régime: Maharashtra in the Eighteenth Century Sumit Guha Past & Present, No. 147 (May, 1995), pp. 101-126 ..."traditional India" and endow that vacuous term with some historical content. REGION AND REGIME This article will deal essentially with the Maratha kingdom during the eighteenth century. By the middle of that century the Marathas sectively controlled most of the western half of the Indian peninsula, and had extended their power...
National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March-August 1923 Arundhati Virmani Past & Present, No. 164 (Aug., 1999), pp. 169-197 ...represented the degradation of India under foreign rule and her rebirth through sacrifice and destruction.22 Attempts to recharge popular enthusiasm also led to the rediscovery of former heroes, like the eighteenth-century Hindu Maratha leader, Shivaji , who had opposed the Mughal emperors and succeeded in establishing a Maratha kingdom despite..
Veda on Parade: Revivalist Ritual as Civic Spectacle Timothy Lubin Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 69, No. 2 (Jun., 2001), pp. 377-408 ...Sardar). Ramdas Swami appears in modern Indian histories as a Rama devo- tee who, like another Hanuman, took up the sword for his devotion as the guru and ally of Shivaji , the guerrilla leader who successfully defied both the Mughal and Bijapuri Muslim rulers to establish an independent Maratha kingdom...
Regional Disparity in Agricultural Development of Maharashtra B. B. Mohanty Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 44, No. 6 (Feb. 7 - 13, 2009), pp. 63-69 ...(Brahme and Upadhyaya 1979; Mohanty 1999). However, wm emerged as the centre of Maratha-Brahmin domi- nance during the rule of Shivaji (Lele 1990; Sirsikar 1995). He established a Maratha kingdom imbuing it with a Maratha identity and also promoted Brahmins by offering them official positions...
PEASANT DESERTIONS IN EARLY COLONIAL INDAPUR LYNN ZASTOUPIL Journal of Asian History, Vol. 26, No. 2 (1992), pp. 119-139 .... II, ed. K. B. Marathe (Pune: Deccan Vernacular Translation Society, 1909), No. 709 (p. 215), No. 735 (p. 241). 12 Hiroshi Fukazawa, "Lands and Peasants in the Eighteenth Century Maratha Kingdom ", Hitotsubashi Journal of Economicst VI, pp. 32-61 (1965), pp. 57-61. 13 Deccan Commissioner's Files, Pune Archive (hereafter cited..
The Madras Corporation Band: A Story of Social Change and Indigenization Gregory D. Booth Asian Music, Vol. 28, No. 1 (Autumn, 1996 - Winter, 1997), pp. 61-86 ...and their acknowledgment of the new political reality. This musical concession to British power, however, did not ultimately contribute to the survival of the Maratha kingdom . The dynasty came to an end in 1855; the following year, the British annexed the state into the growing Presidency...
Review The New Cambridge History of India. Volume 2, part 4, The Marathas 1600- 1818 by Stewart Gordon Review by: Frank F. Conlon The American Historical Review, Vol. 100, No. 3 (Jun., 1995), pp. 931-932 ...were fluid and contested. The early Maratha kingdom was colored more by contingency than by protonational- ism. Modern communalist images of "Hindu" Mar- athas battling "Muslim" foreigners do not bear scru- tiny when examining the composition of the sides of the many Deccan conflicts. Post- Shivaji intra-Maratha rivalries permitted the AMERICAN...
Review Shivaji: Hindu King in Islamic India by James W. Laine Review by: Richard H. Davis Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Vol. 72, No. 4 (Dec., 2004), pp. 1045-1050 ...93 of Shivaji . I will return to this and discuss the events more fully, but first I want to describe the book itself. James Lame's Shivaji concerns a warrior of the Maratha community who through adept military and diplomatic maneuvers was able to establish an autonomous Maratha kingdom centered in...
THE MARATHA NATION Wolseley Haig Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, Vol. 78, No. 4049 (JUNE 27th, 1930), pp. 870-884 ...the author of the Zafar-ul-Walih , a history written in the reign of Akbar, the Arabic text of which has been edited by the Chairman from a unique holograph manuscript which he discovered, says that the Maratha kingdom had never heard of Islam until it was invaded in 1294 by Ala-ud-din...
I can find quite a few more on JSTOR, let alone other places. Dougweller (talk) 14:44, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
- And of coures GBooks[19]. Dougweller (talk) 14:46, 28 July 2014 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 19 February 2015[edit]
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The page name should be name as 'Chatrapati Shivaji Maharaj' and not only 'shivaji'....as a great person we can not call them simply by name...we should have respect towards them.......plz consider my requesr and change accordingly plz...He is the pride of india...so hope u will consider
Sachin 6228 (talk) 04:22, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
- Sachin 6228, as per wikipedia policy, WP:HONORIFICs are not used in titles. Stated popular title in lead. --Redtigerxyz Talk 05:44, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
Semi-protected edit request on 19 February 2015[edit]
It is requested that an edit be made to the semi-protected article at Shivaji. (edit · history · last · links · protection log)
This template must be followed by a complete and specific description of the request, that is, specify what text should be removed and a verbatim copy of the text that should replace it. "Please change X" is not acceptable and will be rejected; the request must be of the form "please change X to Y". The edit may be made by any autoconfirmed user. Remember to change the |
In Upbringing para , this article mentions Dadoji Konddeo contributions,agreed but later refers about FORMAL education In my opinion ,using vague words like FORMAL education should be avoided, as there was nothing like FORMAL education back in Shivaji Maharaj's days, you cant expect him getting a CA or MBA degree back in those days, so use of words FOMAL EDUCATION should be dropped Secondly, this article refers Shivaji MAharaj as ILLITERATE, which one just cannot digest , as a Man of Shivaji's stature being referred to as such is total illiteracy on part of author himself
reference: the book -The life of Shivaji Maharaj, founder of the Maratha empire by Krshnarava Arjuna Kelusakara , published by Publisher: Bombay : Manoranjan press, contributor being- ontributor: University of California Libraries
clearly mentions on PG 35 and PG 36 :- The annalists make no mention of the manner in which Jijabai conducted the education of her son Shivaji. It is, however, clear that during this time he seems to have made considerable progress in riding and horse management, archery and marksmanship, the use and exercise of the patta, the national Maratha javelin, and other warlike exercises, as also in reading and writing.
this article on WIKIPEDIA on Shivaji Maharaj has referred Shivaji as illiterate based on a book :-Abraham Eraly (2000). Emperors of the Peacock Throne: The Saga of the Great Mughals. Penguin Books India , I have no communal bias but this is no book which should be capable of telling the History of Shivaji Maharaj precisely.
Another blunder is the para - Attack on Shaista Khan
every popular culture on Shivaji Maharaj says SHaista Khan losing THREE fingers, how the author mentions Shaista Khan losing just ONE THUMB is not known reference :- the book -The life of Shivaji Maharaj, founder of the Maratha empire by Krshnarava Arjuna Kelusakara , published by Publisher: Bombay : Manoranjan press, contributor being- ontributor: University of California Libraries
the following points in the section 'UPBRINGING' and 'Attack on Shaista Khan' needs correction 1) kindly remove the words FORMAL education as it is vague given the era during which Shivaji Maharaj was born , even if the author considers simple reading and writing as Formal education, the use of the words - having little formal education is incorrect (ref. PG 35 and PG 36 of the book I mentioned earlier) also definition of formal education _ Formal education is classroom-based, provided by trained teachers. Informal education happens outside the classroom, in after-school programs, community-based organizations, museums, libraries, or at home. ( ref.. google)
2) kindly remove the word "illiterate" as Shivaji Maharaj was more than literate ( ref PG 35 and PG 36 of the Book I mentioned earlier)
3) kindly edit the para - Attack on Shaista Khan , correcting the words ...Shaista Khan escaped, losing his "thumb" with "THREE FINGERS" ( ref PG 232 of the book I mentioned earlier)
I HOPE IT IS CORRECTED AT EARLIEST Rohit25sz (talk) 13:07, 19 February 2015 (UTC)
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Photo Gallery
Mens Basketball: Hawaii vs Riverside, Jan. 5, 2013
Jamm Aquino
3 of 21
Hawaii's Brandon Jawato reacts after sinking his 7th three pointer during first-half action of a men's college basketball game between the UC Riverside Highlanders and the Hawaii Rainbow Warriors on Saturday, January 5, 2013 at the Stan Sheriff Center in Honolulu.
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Library Journal
05/15/2014For the past 44 years, Essence magazine has inspired and empowered African American women with its information on health, beauty, politics, and culture. Lewis (CEO, publisher, and cofounder, Essence), along with Edwards (Children of the Dream: The Psychology of Black Success), traces his journey as a black man coming of age during the tumultuous 1960s, as well as the history of the magazine as a business enterprise. Lewis engages the reader in his story, showing how through hard work and determination he overcame societal obstacles to get a scholarship to and graduate from the University of New Mexico, where he was one of 12 African American students. After attending school the author worked in banking but dreamed of owning a business that would benefit the black community. He eventually partnered with three other black businessmen to start the magazine. Sharing insights into what it takes to run a business and be a leader, Lewis further recounts the struggles leading up to Essence becoming a successful, award-winning publication. VERDICT For readers of memoir, aspiring entrepreneurs, and students of journalism and African American studies.—Donna Marie Smith, Palm Beach Cty. Lib. Syst., FL


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Local sweet corn, when? Seattle area
- 9
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We are new to the area. When does sweet corn come into the Seattle markets? Not the corn brought up from the south, but Washington State corn. Does anyone remember the price and availability of organic last year? I am prob too early, but it is about June 1 now..
We had Washington grown asparagus this year and it was tremendous compared to what we had been getting in Nebraska.
Here in Portland it doesn't come until August-Sept. This spring has been so cold, I am guessing everything will be late.
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Here's a link to a website that shows when what local produce comes out. http://dnr.metrokc.gov/wlr/farms/harv...
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text: Music Videos To Celebrate Earth Day (page 10) April 22, 2011 3:03 AM View Comments Related Tags: beach boys, earth day, Earth Day 2011, Earth Song, genesis, Jeff Beck, Music Videos To Celebrate Earth Day, songs about the environment [lastfm link_type="artist_info"]Genesis[/lastfm] "Dodo/Lurker" Jeff Beck Bonus Video! PAGES: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 View Comments blog comments powered by Disqus Bob Seger Concert Photos Fleetwood Mac Concert Photos KOOL's Dog of The Week 94.5 KOOL FM Contests Log InRegister Follow Us Facebook Twitter TuneIn Follow Follow "94.5 KOOL FM" Get every new post delivered to your Inbox. Join 450 other followers Build a website with WordPress.com Select a Live Stream Music Radio Click to listen to CBSLocal Sports Click to listen to radio.com Click to listen to Glimmerist Advertise on our streams


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Home > Mumbai Bars & Pubs > JVPD Scheme Bars & Pubs > Mangia Fuori
Mangia Fuori brings to you Happy Hours. Avail 10% off on drinks & beverages from 7.30pm to 9.30pm.
Write a Review
* You will not receive leaderboard points if word count is less than 60. Word Count : 0
A good place if you want to have a quite dinner date or with friends and Family. Like the set up, dim lights, candle lighting. Tried the Pizza pollo peperonata & the fettucini alla contadina.. The wood fried pizzas were very delicious so was the pasta..
A nice Italian food experience.
One of the best and perfect Italian restaurant !!
Mangia fuori has a awesome ambience, and great food quality. A perfect Italian restaurant where they give great service, food, ambience with a candlelit theme and nice music, making it an authentic Italian setting. The Risottos are like the most awesome risottos you would get anywhere in the city. Go for Risotto Primavera, they are super delicious. Also do ask for their complimentary breads and spiced olive oil mixture which goes great with your dishes. And all the wood fired Pizzas on menu are superb. For a vegetarian like me I have great options. They have various settings to sit, for group of 10, 4 or even just 2. The staff is extremely polite and gracious. And they have a swanky party area divided by glass, which gives it a stylish look. I keep going here very often. This restaurant is one of the finest Italian restaurant in terms of food quality and service. Definitely worth more than one visit.
A good place for a quiet dinner
A good place if you want to have a quite dinner date or with friends & Family. Like the set up dim lights, candle lighting. Tried the Pizza pollo peperonata & the fettucini alla contadina.. The wood fried pizzas were very delicious so was the pasta.. A good italian experience
Good can be better
An evening with friends or with your loved ones in this quiet place. But apart from the candle light dark look with white curtains and cushions, the paint is peeling from near the AC and seating could be placed better. Food which I had as a vegetarian and my friends had the non-veg dishes. Food is good and well prepared. First time I came we got complimentary bread basket. But not on my second visit. The stewards did not know their wine well. We asked for a Chilean wine and we were quoted a real high price for a bottle. Tomato pomoderi is juicy with creamy tomato juice, verdure lasagna was awesome, pizza verdure could have some more vegetables. Overall a bit expensive for 2 people but good food.
Great Food And Service
I went there 2 nights in a row - Though they don't take reservations (at least as i write this) its worth the food & service. The hunan grilled fish, prawn tempura & corn fritters as appetizers were excellent as was the Chiang Mai train station noodles- The service is superb and the management from Delhi keep flying to Mumbai to make sure things are going well - This is a Delhi chain- The manager on duty, Nitin, is also very warm and welcoming- i feel at home here and definitely. recommend Mamagoto to anyone wanting a casual dining experience.
yummm pizzas
lovely ambiance and wood fired pizzazzz.....too good for a perfect dining experience
v started wid their vegetable broth and tomato soup wich was too good..
v skipped d salads and ordered their verdura pizza wich was yummiee...d best part of d pizza was d toppings were roasted wich made them more crunchier..
their tiramisu was jus heavenly
a little expensive.....
Brilliant Place
Wanted to try this place for a few days now, it was worth the wait. The place is brilliant with authentic Italian food. Very (very very) heavy on the pocket but I can say with certitude that it'll quench your ravenous tummy. It's a place where you have to find the equilibrium between depleting wallet and repleting tummy.
The ambiance is a beauty, great place for party, attentive service and tasty food... That sums up this place.
De Best amongst De Rest !
When it comes to Italian Cuisine this is one of my favorite Italian restaurants. Great place to enjoy some delicious thin crust pizzas. I have been here with my friends & family awesome food and also a perfect ambiance.
amazing authentic pizzas..the ressotos and pastas actually make me go ummmmmmm......and yes the best burshettas in the world.....the coolest part is that it offers a special multi grain pizza for diet conscious people like me .....perfect ambience...hot crowd...you might just spot a celebrity .... happening music playing....love it here..
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"But, it was simple, painless and when it was over with I couldn't tell what was done. It was just that mask, that steel harness they put over your head."
David Williams
"Painless poverty is better than embittered wealth"
Greek proverb
"It was amazing what their volunteers were able to do to make it painless. They have the best volunteer base and the number of staff that can make an event like this go extremely well."
Sharon Mayer
"It won't be so long and you'll never see me again"
"Well it's not going to be painless for the suppliers,"
Alan Mills
"We are looking at everything and everyone. It's not going to be easy. There's really no painless way to do this."
Ivette Mendez
"We want to make this as painless as possible; we don't want to scare people off."
Darryl Reed


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Jul 20, 2011, 11:02 AM | |
Joined Jan 2009
1,651 Posts
Does anyone remember the non-powered tether Midget racers offered by Union stations back in in the late 50's early 60's? I seem to think they were 3.00 with a fill-up!
All the kids in my neignorhood got one and we "raced" the tar out of them, swinging them on a heavy string, hardwood handle and wire bridal (all supplied). IIRC, they were similar if not same as Cameron powered type. they were cast metal and had rubber wheels. When top was removed the chassis appeared to a have motor mount and place for fuel tank. I had a friend that kept EVERYTHING from our youth. I bet he still has his Wen-Mac P-39 AND his Gas Station racer! |
Jul 22, 2011, 10:06 AM | |
It would please me a bunch to see a Cox Champ whizzing around on You Tube. Looks like the power unit might simply snap into the underbody of the Special. I imagine that the weight of the power unit in ther rear helped prevent forward sommersaults.
The Ebay Nylint conversions looks great, wonder what final bid will be. I e-mailed seller to ask if replacement parts will be avaiilable from the maker. |
Thread Tools | |
Similar Threads | |||||
Category | Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
Discussion | Anyone into the old COX and Testors 049 tether cars? | ~SnApRoLl | 1/2A Planes | 28 | Jan 20, 2012 04:26 AM |
Sold | Cox Jim Hall Chaparral 2C tether car | skylane42 | Cars - Cars and Parts (FS/W) | 3 | Jul 04, 2011 08:49 AM |


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Converse Chuck Taylor 70s "Floral Camo" Pack by Zack Schlemmer 0 Comments
June 3, 2012 BY Aaron Hope / 0
Try as they might, Missy Elliot and Timbaland were mostly unsuccessful when it came to integrating punk rock aesthetics into hip-hop culture in the early 00s. Given the proximity of this attempt, Cam-Ron's Purple Haze and G- joints including Units and Codes, you might read this new purple Converse Chuck Taylor All Star 'G-STUD' as a nearly spilled cup inside your candy paint car three-wheeling through turn of the century street culture. And though the Japanese are noted connoisseurs of American pop output, it's more likely that the name is a coincidence, that purple is just a single color in this trio and that G-STUD(s) are the golden rivets on the top eyelet and heel stripe. The explanation is relatively straightforward, but getting a pair of these will be somewhat less so given the need for an overseas connect to aid in grabbing these from select Converse Japan Converse Japan retailers.
Filed under: Converse Just Released
Tags: Converse Chuck Taylor
Converse Chuck Taylor 70s "Floral Camo" Pack by Zack Schlemmer 0 Comments
Andy Warhol x Converse Chuck Taylor – Available by John Kim 2 Comments
Andy Warhol x Converse Chuck Taylor by Patrick Johnson 1 Comments
Dover Street Market NY x Converse Chuck Taylor 70s by John Kim 0 Comments


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St. Louis is one of seven cities that the Obama administration chose in the second wave of its Strong Cities, Strong Communities Initiative.
As a result the city will get a full-time federal employee who will work out of Mayor Francis Slay's office for at least a year.
A team of federal employees and fellows also will provide technical assistance and inter-agency support.
The goal is to push economic development forward in struggling cities.


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anyone know if they will fit? found this one on ebay: eBay - The UK's Online Marketplace or this one: Sportex VW Golf mk4 performance exhaust system 1.8T GTi 20v turbo 10/1997-2004 | eBay there seems to be nothing for audi a3's without spending like double the price :/ i know they share the same floor pan, im happy to trim the rear plastic on the bumper which i will do anyway cause it looks alot better. i emailed that top one to ask if it will fit, he said no it will only fit the vehicle described, which tells me he wants to cover his own back which is fair enough. anyone know someone with a golf cat back fitted? cheers
I feel your pain. Not too many options out there that don't cost a fortune. Anyway, I too have been looking at the first listing thinking the same thing! The only downside I've heard is the Golf is slightly longer, which is not a bad thing because you can always cut to fit. Will you be fitting it yourself?
yeah ill be fitting it myself, im pritty sure there not actually longer and that they do share the same floor pan, so i think there just a bold on easy fit just like one made for the audi. just want some people to confirm this so i dont waste money haha
Hi Marshall my exhaust system is a Scorpian cat back system from eBay and was from a mk4 golf gti for a bargain £90! But the system was longer not by much just a few inches mate but was a easy straight fit
ahh i see. where did you cut it? and what did you use? if its easy i think ill defo buy myself one from a golf, so much cheaper and i have the tools to do it. cheers pal much appreicate it
Ok cool cheers guys, just saw off a bit of the pipe if it's too long? Which part of the pipe? Also not sure about that top one because I don't want the tail pipes to be hanging so low :/ as they have been bent down


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Documentation |
Filter order
n = filtord(b,a) returns the filter order, n, for the causal rational system function specified by the numerator coefficients, b, and denominator coefficients, a.
n = filtord(sos) returns the filter order for the filter specified by the second-order sections matrix, sos. sos is a K-by-6 matrix. The number of sections, K, must be greater than or equal to 2. Each row of sos corresponds to the coefficients of a second-order filter. The ith row of the second-order section matrix corresponds to [bi(1) bi(2) bi(3) ai(1) ai(2) ai(3)].
n = filtord(d) returns the filter order, n, for the digital filter, d. Use the function designfilt to generate d.
designfilt | digitalFilter | isallpass | ismaxphase | isminphase | isstable


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Prayer Circles
Read Prayers. |
Isadora 9/2/2004 23:20 |
Almighty God all powerful and all Justice, |
Isadora 9/2/2004 23:21 |
Almighty God all powerful and all Justice, |
valenciashivers 9/3/2004 04:01 |
Dear Lord I'm calling on you to have Mercy on the children and their families that are being held captive. You know Dear Lord what the situation isss, and I come to You humbly asking for Your help. In the name of Jesus I oray, Amen. |
angieloh1 9/3/2004 05:59 |
Dear Lord |
nyao 9/3/2004 10:26 |
Thank you, Lord, that the siege is over. May the souls of those who lost their lives, be with you in heaven. Please comfort the victims and their families. |
tuliplady 9/3/2004 11:24 |
Dear God, |
marvelap 9/3/2004 11:50 |
This prayer is one that I found on this site; it is often a comfort to those experiencing trauma. For all the families whose children did not make it out of the school gym alive, for all of the families and townsfolk who have experienced the ravages of waiting to see if their loved ones are safe, |
want2change 9/3/2004 12:22 |
Lord; I have never understood why people do evil things all in the name of their religious beliefs. It leads to war, resentment and foolishness such as taking innocent young children as hostages. Please held the worl rid ourselves from these evils. Help the children and families in Russia to cope with what is happening in their lives and please Lord, let there be a positive outcome soon. AMEN |
ynina13 9/3/2004 14:21 |
Dear Heavenly father and Dear Mother Marry, Please help those children and support them..God fill the hearts of the kidnappers with mercy so they may release those pure innocent children and go back to thier families,,Amen |
eleu 9/3/2004 18:56 |
Oh Most Merciful and Forgiving God. Thou who hath saith "that children is a blessing from God". I thank you for the children you have brought into this world. I humble myself before thee, that you search my heart, soul, mind, and body and if I have sin against Thee I ask in the Name of Jesus to forgive me. For You are a Forgiving,and Loving God. Hear my prayer Oh Lord. Let the blood of Your Son, Jesus, overflow the country of Beslan and destroy the devil with in the evil ones and replace the terrorist and suicide with the love of Jesus. Comfort those children that are alive, the parents that are worrying, the teachers that have work so hard and the many, especially the Russian military that are giving their lives to protect the hostages. Most of all, Oh Precious Lord, I ask that Thy Ever Forgiveness will be place in the Hearts of all the Russian people. Help them to forgive their enemies and then the enemies will come to know of Your Son, Jesus, and serve and Glorify Your Name. In Jesus Almighty Name I pray. Thank You God, for thine answer. Amen. |
sunshine38 9/3/2004 22:37 |
Father,I come to you in the name of Jesus & ask for help on these children that are being held hostage in Beslan & I pray for the ones that lost their life's.I ask you to please help deliver them to safety in Jesus mighty name I believe that they shall receive their miracle & for the light to be held over the children & shelter them from harm & deliver the evil ones to the authorities.Amen.Amen. |
rirena 9/5/2004 06:00 |
Dear our Father above |
dreamcatcher315 9/5/2004 10:12 |
Dear Lord, |
jhoughton 9/7/2004 10:15 |
Dear Lord, Please bless and be with these hostages. Please allow them to feel your comfort and strength. I pray in your name AMEN |
DerynK00 9/12/2004 23:16 |
Lord, You came to collect quite a few of Your children that day in Beslan. Please be with the bereaved as they suffer their losses. Thank You for helping to save as many lives as You did. It is comforting to me to know that while men can be uncomprehendingly evil, You are there to mitigate, to surround, and be all through us. Please see what You can do about not ever letting something so awful happen again. We'll do what we can on our end. |
Has problems James J 02/12/2008
My Uncle Dennis Worthington 02/12/2008
My marriage Kat Mounce 02/12/2008
A good friends mother, who has cancer everyone who needs prayer universal 02/12/2008
Pray for Michelle and Carlos N. 07/08/2008
"This prayer is to help us sell our home."
Pray for Donald H. 07/07/2008
"The love of my life has cancer."
Pray for Amanda B. 07/06/2008
"Please pray for my daughter and her unborn child."
Pray for Janice A. 07/05/2008
"One of my most favorite people in the whole world needs your prayers today. Please spread this and include Janice in your daily prayer."
Sign up to receive a daily feed of the prayer circles that need your prayers the most, delivered directly to your Beliefnet community profile. Sign up now! Not a member yet? Register here.


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Zotac Presents Its Amplified GeForce GTX 680
Zotac introduces its Zotac GeForce GTX 680 AMP! Edition and GeForce GTX 680 4GB graphics cards.
The graphics cards feature quad-display output capabilities, which enable them to concurrently power four independent displays in desktop mode at resolutions beyond 2560 x 1600, including new and upcoming 4K resolution displays. The Zotac Assassin's Creed 3-Game Pack is bundled with the two cards to let gamers take advantage of the newfound graphics power right out of the box.
GeForce GTX 680 AMP! Edition | GeForce GTX 680 4GB | |
Engine Clock Speed | 1110MHz (base), 1176MHz (boost) | 1006MHz (base), 1058MHz (boost) |
Memory Clock Speed | 6608MHz | 6008MHz |
Memory | 2GB GDDR5 | 4GB GDDR5 |
Memory Interface | 256-bit | |
Display Outputs | DVI-I, DVI-D, HDMI & DisplayPort | |
Cooling | With fan (2.5-slot) | With fan (dual-slot) |
Source: Zotac
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SD prison population has grown six fold in 30 years
By Northern Plains News
South Dakota's prison population has grown nearly six fold from 1980 to 2013, according to a study by the Sentencing Project.
In 1980, 609 people were incarcerated in South Dakota prisons. In 2011, the latest figures available, 3,530 men and women were imprisoned in the state.
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CenterWatch provides news, analysis, insights, training materials and a variety of services.
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Novo Nordisk, Takeda, Servier, Celgene among top sponsors rated by investigative sites in new CenterWatch survey
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Galaxy Soho / Zaha Hadid Architects
Architects: Zaha Hadid Architects
Location: Soho, Beijing, China
Architects In Charge: Zaha Hadid & Patrik Schumacher
Project Director: Satoshi Ohashi
Associate: Cristiano Ceccato
Project Architect: Yoshi Uchiyama
Project Team: Stephan Wurster, Michael Hill, Samer Chamoun, Eugene Leung, Rita Lee, Lillie Liu, Rolando Rodriguez-Leal, Wen Tao, Tom Wuenschmann, Seung-ho Yeo, Shuojiong Zhang, Michael Grau, Shu Hashimoto, Shao-Wei Huang, Chikara Inamura, Lydia Kim, Yasuko Kobayashi, Wang Lin, Yereem Park
Local Design Institute: BIAD Beijing Institute of Architecture & Design
Area: 332857.0 sqm
Year: 2012
Photographs: Iwan Baan, Courtesy of Zaha Hadid Architects
Katsumata Centre / James Deans & Associates
Architects: James Deans & Associates
Location: Bell Post Hill, Geelong, Australia
Project Architects: James Deans, Mike Nowson
Client: Kardinia International College
Year: 2011
Photographs: Tim Loft
In Progress: Campus Hoogvliet in Rotterdam / Wiel Arets Architects
Architects: Wiel Arets Architects
Location: Lengweg
3192 BM, Rotterdam
, The Netherlands
Design Team: Wiel Arets, Bettina Kraus, Joris van den Hoogen, Jos Beekhuijzen
Collaborators: Mai Henriksen, Jochem Homminga, Joost Korver, Marie Morin, Julius Klatte, Sjoerd Wilbers, Benine Dekker, Anne-Marie Diederich
Consultants: ABT BV, Wetering Raadgevende Ingenieurs BV
Client: Woonbron
Area: 41100 sqm
Year: 2012
Photographs: Jan Bitter, Courtesy of Wiel Arets Architects
Urban Development in the Bloomberg Years
Urban planning is delicately intertwined with government. As much as architects and designers try to avoid the overwrought laws and codes and prescriptive government policies that guide the construction and development of the urban landscape, they are very much a shaping force in cities such as New York. Ask any architect working in a such as NYC and they will likely describe the bureaucratic hassles of working with outdated zoning regulations and restrictive building codes. In this NPR segment Leonard Lopate interviews New York Magazine's architecture critic Justin Davidson to discusses the impact of Mayor Michael Bloomberg's planning policies on New York City's urban development.
Join us after the break for the link.
Dadong Art Center / Cie + MAYU architects
Architects: de Architekten Cie + MAYU architects
Location: Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
Structural Engineer: Arup Amsterdam + Tien-Hun Engineering Consultant Inc.
Acoustics Consultant: Peutz & Associates + Gade & Mortensen Akustikk + Prof. Wei-Hwa Chiang NTUST
Environment Technology Consultant: Hander Engineering & Construction Inc. + I. S. Lin & Associates
Area: 36,470 sqm
Year: 2012
Photographs: Yu-lin Chen, Guei-Shiang Ke
Downtown Project: A Community Driven Urban Plan for Las Vegas
It began with the relocation of the Zappos Headquarters, now owned by Amazon, from its offices in Henderson, Nevada, to the former city hall in downtown Las Vegas: an idea to transform the struggling part of downtown Las Vegas into a vibrant community with economic opportunities for young professionals along with an incentive for a variety of companies to build their foundations providing jobs and income for the city. Despite America's association with the Las Vegas strip, the downtown has a metro area dominated by unemployment, foreclosure and bankruptcy. Zappos CEO Tony Hseih saw this area, filled with vacant lots, liquor stores and motels, as an opportunity to develop something new and enriched that could foster an economy, bring young professionals and inspire natural growth of community and industry. Hseih's Downtown Project aims to develop a community by listening to what people want and need from their physical environment, that is also dense, diverse and inspires economic growth.
Join us after the break for more.
Terrence Donnelly Health Sciences Complex / Kongats Architects
Architects: Kongats Architects
Location: Toronto, Mississauga, Canada
Project Architect: Alar Kongats
Project Manager: Danielle Lam-Kulczak
Design Team: Philip Toms, David Sasaki, Sukie Leung, Alessia Sopplesa, Dieter Janssen, Andrea Ling, Tyler Walker, Derek McCallum, Eric Van Ziffle
Structural: Halsall Associates Limited
M & E: Crossey Engineering Ltd.
Client: University of Toronto
Area: 6,000 sqm
Year: 2011
Photographs: Shai Gill
Lotus Dome / Studio Roosegaarde
The interactive artwork 'Lotus Dome', by artist and architect Daan Roosegaarde of Studio Roosegaarde…, was opened in Sainte Marie Madeleine Church in Lille, France. The project, which will be on view until January 13, 2013, is a living dome
Gallery of Minerals and Atelier / THREE.BALL.CASCADE.
Architects: THREE.BALL.CASCADE.
Location: Midori, Yokohama, Japan
Design Team: Keiichi Tama, Syun Sano
Constructor: Kato Chu Komuten
Structure Engineer: Kozo Oshima
Area: 109.52 sqm
Year: 2012
Photographs: Courtesy of THREE.BALL.CASCADE. Architecture Design Office
Olympic Golf Course Clubhouse Proposal / RUA Arquitetos
RUA Arquitetos… shared with us their design for the Olympic Golf Course Clubhouse in Rio de Janeiro which is organized like a comfortable veranda, dissolving the limits between the landscape, the building, and the users. As Rio citizens, the architects wanted
Flor del Campo Educational Center / Giancarlo Mazzanti + Felipe Mesa
Architects: Giancarlo Mazzanti + Felipe Mesa
Location: Bolívar, Antioquia, Colombia
Collaborators: Rocío Lamprea, Jairo Ovalle, María Alejandra Pérez, Fredy Pantoja, Andrés Sarmiento, Juliana Angarita, Marcela de la Hoz
Promotor: Ministerio de Educación y FONADE
Contractor: Consorcio Barrancabermeja
Client: Secretaria de Educación del Distrito de Cartagena de Indias DT y C
Area: 6,168 sqm
Year: 2010
Photographs: Cristobal Palma
Machi-House / UID Architects
Architects: UID Architects
Location: Fukuyama, Hiroshima, Japan
Design Team: Keisuke Maeda
Year: 2011
Area: 75.56 sqm
Site Area: 95.41 sqm
Total Floor Area: 138.23 sqm
Photographs: Hiroshi Ueda
Daegu Gosan Public Library Competition Entry / Group8
Designed as a social landmark, the proposal for the Daegu Gosan Public Library by Group8… is to be seen as an open entity, welcoming and willing to share its content. Located in a district with high educational standards, the library
al4 _ 56 Social Housing VPO / Burgos & Garrido arquitectos
Architects: Burgos & Garrido arquitectos
Location: Albacete, Spain
Architects: Francisco Burgos & Ginés Garrido / BGAA
Collaborators: Javier Malo, Myriam López, Agustín Martín, Elena de las Moras
Project Year: 2007
Project Area: 7,254.85 sqm
Photographs: Ángel Baltanás
Lido Line Competition Entry / [Y/N] Studio
Designed for the Landscape Institute Ideas Competition for a 'Highline for London', the Lido Line proposal is a clean, safe 'basin' in which to swim. Designed by [Y/N] Studio…, the project flips the Regents Canal back to its original
Chalet C7 / Nicolás del Río + Max Núñez
Architects: Nicolás Del Río + Máx Núñez
Location: Portillo, Los Andes, Valparaíso Region, Chile
Architects: Nicolás del Rio, Max Núñez
Collaborators: Heloise Gailing
Project Year: 2008
Photographs: Erieta Attali


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GENERAL EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT (GED) CLASSES: The following courses are designed to assist students who are preparing to take the actual GED® test upon completion of each class. There four subject areas of the 2014 GED® test -- Math (including Algebra and Geometry), Reasoning through Language Arts, Science, and Social Studies. Tests can be taken individually and are computer-based. A minimum score must be achieved on each test in order to earn a Maryland High School Diploma. Information pertaining to the GED® Test can be found at www.GED.com. The following courses will be offered at various CCBC campuses and extension centers each semester. Courses will meet for 6 week sessions (36 hours). To register and in order to determine eligibility for placement, students must attend an Essential Skills Registration session.
Cost: $40.00 per session ($0 tuition; $40 fee)
GED MATH Part I
GED MATH Part II
GED REASONING THROUGH LANGUAGE ARTS Maryland i-Pathways (Online GED-Level instruction)
Maryland i-Pathways is a free, teacher-supported online learning environment for GED® test preparation. You must be a Maryland resident, be at least 16 years of age, and be officially withdrawn from high school. Eligibility is based on assessment in both reading and math. Applicants must exhibit minimum 9th grade skill levels in order to be enrolled. To obtain additional information and/or to apply, visit www.mdadultedonline.org. Click "Apply Now" at the right side of the home page. Complete steps 1, 2 and 3. Step 3 is the application. Complete the application and select the Community College of Baltimore County as your testing center. Cost: No Tuition (*Grant Funded)
Review of Math Skills
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I just got a nice new pair of M970 cranks. My local shop doesn't have the tl-fc35 tool to remove the arms.
Anyone have a tl-fc35 tool they would like to sell? New they are over $45. Crazy for a reverse thread bolt!!
Send me a PM if you have an extra.
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While there have only been four confirmed cases of Ebola in the United States, public concern about the potential spread of the virus has been growing rapidly. Most experts agree that the U.S. health system is well-equipped...more
11/4/2014 - Ebola Employee Rights FMLA Safety Precautions
Imagine for a moment that you are the HR Manager for a company with many physically demanding jobs. One of your employees submits a doctor's note prohibiting her from lifting anything over 25 pounds. Mindful of your...more
10/2/2014 - ADA Corporate Counsel Disability Employee Rights Essential Functions Reasonable Accommodation
According to a recent decision from New Jersey's intermediate appellate court, employers in New Jersey can now reduce the statute of limitations for employment claims by adding the appropriate language to their job...more
7/8/2014 - Discrimination Employee Rights Employer Liability Issues Harassment Retaliation Statute of Limitations
When it comes to minimizing the risk of employment retaliation claims, can ignorance be bliss? In today's competitive business environment, "what you don't know can't hurt you" may sound naïve. But in the employment...more
2/12/2014 - Affirmative Defenses EEO EEOC Employer Liability Issues Retaliation
Now that the New Year has arrived, employers in New Jersey and New York should be aware of several new state employment laws that will take effect in 2014. ...more
1/2/2014 - Gender Discrimination Hiring & Firing Minimum Wage Paid Leave Posting Requirements
When you think about whistleblowers, you might think of Edward Snowden, who recently exposed the NSA's surveillance program. While high profile cases often garner the most attention, whistleblowing statutes afford...more
11/18/2013 - Employer Liability Issues NSA Surveillance Whistleblowers
Employee Rights
Employer Liability Issues
Affirmative Defenses
Corporate Counsel
Essential Functions
Gender Discrimination
Hiring & Firing
Minimum Wage
Paid Leave
Posting Requirements