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Table of Contents | |
Vol. 6, No. 6, 2012 | |
Issue release date: November 2012
| |
Section title: Original Article |
Genetic Analysis of NR0B1 in Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia Patients: Identification of a Rare Regulatory Variant Resulting in Congenital Adrenal Hypoplasia and Hypogonadal Hypogonadism without Testicular Carcinoma in situWalker A.P.a · Fowkes R.C.b · Saleh F.d · Kim S.-H.e · Wilkinson P.f · Cabrera-Sharp V.b, c · Talmud P.J.a · Humphries S.E.a · Looijenga L.H.J.g · Bouloux P.M.G.daCentre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories, UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science, UCL, bEndocrine Signalling Group and cVeterinary Basic Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, dCentre for Neuroendocrinology, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Campus, eDivision of Biomedical Sciences, St. George's Medical School, University of London, and fDepartment of Neurology, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK; gDepartment of Pathology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center Rotterdam (Daniel den Hoed Cancer Center), Josephine Nefkens Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Corresponding Author |
There have been few testicular histology reports of adult patients with congenital adrenal hypoplasia/hypogonadal hypogonadism (AHC/HH), but Leydig cell hyperplasia has been observed, an indicator of the possibility of malignant transformation. We aimed to define the basis of AHC/HH in 4 pedigrees of different ethnic backgrounds. One patient was elected to have testicular biopsy which was examined for evidence of carcinoma in situ (CIS). NR0B1 mutation analysis was performed by sequence analysis. NR0B1 expression was investigated by RT-PCR. Testicular biopsy sections were stained with HE or immunostained for OCT3/4, an established marker of CIS. We identified NR0B1 variants in the 4 AHC pedigrees: pedigree 1 (United Arab Emirates), c.1130A>G predicting p.(Glu377Gly); pedigree 2 (English Caucasian), c.327C>A predicting p.(Cys109*); pedigree 3 (Oman), a 6-bp deletion of a direct repeat, c.857_862delTGGTGC predicting p.(Leu286_Val287del); pedigree 4 (English Caucasian), c.1168+1G>A, a regulatory variant within the NR0B1 splice donor site. This last male patient, aged 30 years, presented with evidence of HH but incomplete gonadotrophin deficiency, following an earlier diagnosis of Addison's disease at 3 years. Hormonal therapy induced virilisation. Testicular biopsy was performed. The c.1168+1G>A variant abrogated normal splicing of testicular mRNA. Histological examination showed poorly organised testicular architecture and absence of spermatozoa. Morphological analyses and the absence of immunohistochemical staining for OCT3/4 excluded the presence of malignant germ cell cancer and its precursor lesion, CIS. These studies add to the knowledge of the types and ethnic diversity of NR0B1 mutations and their associated phenotypes, and provide insight into the assessment and interpretation of testicular histology in AHC and HH.
© 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
The atypical orphan nuclear receptor NR0B1 (OMIM 300473, previously called DAX1, dosage-sensitive sex-reversal adrenal hypoplasia critical region on the X-chromosome protein 1) is a critical regulator of adrenal and gonadal development, where it is the major negative regulator of steroidogenic factor-1 (NR5A1) [Zanaria et al., 1994; Phelan and McCabe, 2001; Achermann, 2005]. The NR0B1 gene was identified by a positional cloning strategy which mapped partially overlapping deletions associated with a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving congenital adrenal hypoplasia (AHC), hypogonadal hypogonadism (HH), Duchenne muscular dystrophy and glycerol kinase deficiency [Monaco et al., 1992; Walker et al., 1992]. Point mutation of NR0B1 was demonstrated to cause both phenotypes of AHC and HH (OMIM 300200), highlighting its importance in the development and function of the adrenal gland and testis [Muscatelli et al., 1994]. Expression of missense variants in vitro resulted in translation of non-functional or functionally impaired NR0B1 protein [Brown et al., 2003]. Only 3 regulatory variants have been reported and the molecular consequences of NR0B1 mutation upon testis mRNA levels have not been investigated previously.
The phenotypic spectrum of patients with NR0B1 sequence variants is broad, but usually involves adrenal insufficiency presenting either neonatally or during infancy and HH in adulthood. However, normal puberty has been reported and even instances of precocious puberty. In adult male patients with AHC and HH due to NR0B1 mutation, histological analyses of testicular biopsies have shown Leydig cell hyperplasia, indicating the possibility of malignant transformation [Seminara et al., 1999; Ozisik et al., 2003]. Male patients with a range of reproductive disorders collectively termed testicular dysgenesis syndrome are screened for the presence of the precursor of malignant germ cell tumour, carcinoma in situ (CIS) [Sonne et al., 2008]. This typically involves testicular histology and immunostaining for the transcription factor OCT3/4 (encoded by POU5F1), which is an established marker of CIS [Looijenga et al., 2003; de Jong et al., 2005]. In the mouse, NR0B1 also plays a role in maintenance of the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells. Interestingly, this is mediated via transcriptional regulation of POU5F1, the mouse orthologue of human OCT3/4, which is a marker of CIS [Kelly et al., 2010; Jadhav et al., 2011]. In patients with AHC and HH due to mutation of NR0B1, testicular OCT3/4 investigation has not been reported previously.
Patients and Methods
Pedigree 1 originated from the United Arab Emirates. Seven males in this consanguineous family had been diagnosed with AHC; 2 had died in infancy (fig. 1). The oldest affected patient (1-III:15) did not attain puberty and was diagnosed with HH; puberty was induced by testosterone therapy. He died in a road traffic accident aged 16 years. NR0B1 sequence was investigated for 2 cousins diagnosed with AHC (1-IV:6 and 1-IV:4, 5 and 3 years, respectively).
Fig. 1. Pedigree 1 (United Arab Emirates). |
Pedigree 2 was of English origin; 3 males were affected with AHC and HH (fig. 2). NR0B1 sequence was investigated for the cousins 2-III:1 and 2-III:5.
Fig. 2. Pedigree 2 (English Caucasian). |
Pedigree 3 was of Omani origin. Eleven males had either died neonatally or in infancy, or had been diagnosed with AHC and treated (fig. 3). NR0B1 sequence was investigated for 3 brothers (3-III:14, 3-III:17 and 3-III:18) and their mother (3-II:11).
Fig. 3. Pedigree 3 (Oman). |
Pedigree 4 was of English origin. A single male case (4-II:1) was identified. He was an only child and had no family history of AHC or HH. He had been diagnosed with Addison's disease aged 3 years. He had not spontaneously entered puberty by 30 years of age and presented with evidence of HH, although he did not have a complete deficiency of FSH.
During childhood, adolescence and early adulthood, patient 4-II:1 was stabilised on hydrocortisone, fludrocortisone and latterly on hydrocortisone (15 mg morning, 10 mg evening), with fludrocortisone 0.5 mg twice daily. On examination aged 30 years, he had a high-pitched voice and no facial, axillary or limb hair. His testes were small, 2 and 3 ml, with scant pubic hair; his penis was Tanner stage 2 (11). Luteinizing hormone (LH) was 0.5 IU/l (reference range: 1.7–8.6), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 4.5 IU/l (1.5–12.4), oestradiol <70 pmol/l (28–156), testosterone 0.8 nmol/l (6.7–26.0), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) 54 nmol/l (14–49), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 3.0 mU/l (0.30–4.20) and free thyroxine 14.8 pmol/l (12.0–22.0). Human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) treatment was started (2,000 U twice weekly, IM). Within 2 years, testes had increased to 4 ml (testosterone 17.9 nmol/l, LH 0.4 IU/l and FSH 3.4 IU/l). Within 4 years testicular volume was ∼8 ml, of softish consistency, with penis stage 4/5, axillary hair stage 2–3 and pubic hair stage 4. His voice had broken and there was increased musculature. The patient opted for testosterone implants, receiving 800 mg every 6 months. Within 4 months, testosterone was 14.0 nmol/l, LH <0.3 IU/l, FSH 3.0 IU/l and oestradiol <70 pmol/l. He remained on testosterone implants, becoming fully virilised. The patient elected to have a testicular biopsy to exclude premalignant changes. During this time, his bone density gave an L1-L4 T-score of –3.67 (bone mineral density, BMD 0.688) and –2.26 in the right hip (BMD 0.778), indicative of established osteoporosis (biochemistry, on testosterone replacement: LH 0.1 IU/l, FSH 0.4 IU/l, testosterone 16.6 nmol/l, SHBG 31.3 nmol/l).
For mutation analysis, the NR0B1 gene was PCR-amplified from genomic DNA for automated sequence analysis [Muscatelli et al., 1994]. NR0B1 sequence was compared to Transcript refseq ID NM 000475.4; the intron sequence is contained in Genomic refseq ID NG 009814.1 on chromosome X. Total RNA was purified from snap-frozen testicular biopsy samples from the patient and a control individual without symptoms of AHC (RNeasy Mini Kit, Qiagen, UK). cDNA was synthesised and amplified using a touchdown PCR protocol to examine expression of NR0B1 and ACTB. The NR0B1 primers used were RTEX1BF-NEW (GCTTTCTTTCCAAATGCTG) and RTEX2R-NEW (ATGATGGGCCTGAAGAACAG) for amplification of the predicted 271-bp product. The RT-PCR was performed twice using 2 independent RNA preparations from separate portions of the testicular biopsy.
For immunohistochemistry, 3-µm sections were cut from the prepared testis biopsy block. Parallel sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or immunostained for OCT3/4 (an established marker of CIS) [Looijenga et al., 2003; de Jong et al., 2005], using a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against amino acids 1–134 of human OCT3/4 (SC-5279, Santa Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany; 1:350 dilution). The sections were evaluated by a pathologist experienced in germ cell tumour pathology (J.W. Oosterhuis, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, The Netherlands) [Oosterhuis and Looijenga, 2005; van Casteren et al., 2008]. Evidence of CIS was assessed on both H&E and OCT3/4 staining. CIS was morphologically defined as the presence of large, atypical intra-tubular cells with large hyperchromatic nuclei containing several prominent nucleoli [Oosterhuis and Looijenga, 2005; van Casteren et al., 2008].
In pedigree 1, sequence analysis for the 2 cousins (1-IV:6 and 1-IV:4) identified the presence of a novel missense variant in exon 1, c.1130A>G, predicting p.(Glu377Gly). A different missense mutation predicted to affect the same amino acid residue has been reported in AHC patients: c.1129G>A, predicting p.(Glu377Lys) [Zhang et al., 1998; Achermann et al., 2001]. The residue corresponding to E377 is conserved in 3 related nuclear receptors, and modelling implicated a salt bridge between E377 with R425, a residue which has also been identified as affected by sequence variation in AHC: p.(R425G) [Zhang et al., 1998].
In pedigree 2, the c.327C>A nonsense variant p.(Cys109*) was detected in the 2 cousins tested (2-III:1 and 2-III:5); this variant has been identified previously in a patient with AHC [Phelan and McCabe, 2001].
In pedigree 3, the 3 brothers tested (3-III:14, 3-III:17 and 3-III:18) were found to have a novel deletion of 6 nucleotides located within a short direct repeat sequence in exon 1, c.857 862delTGGTGC, predicting p.(Leu286 Val287del) in the nuclear receptor-like domain; this variant was heterozygous in their mother. A missense variant of residue 287, c.860T>G, predicting p.(Val287Gly), has been previously reported to result in AHC and HH, with additional features of inappropriately tall stature and renal ectopy, features not previously described in AHC [Franzese et al., 2005]. These rare features were not present in the 3 brothers with p.(Leu286 Val287del) described in this report.
In pedigree 4, DNA sequence analysis revealed a novel variant within the NR0B1 splice donor site for patient 4-II:1 (c.1168+1G>A; fig. 4A). Both the location of this variant within the conserved 2 bp of the splice site consensus sequence and its rarity, evidenced by its absence from the 1000 Genomes database (http://browser.1000genomes.org/index.html), indicated a likely functional variant [The 1000 Genomes Project Consortium, 2010]. Testicular RNA was prepared from the biopsy sample and reverse transcribed for PCR analysis of NR0B1 expression using primers located in exons 1 and 2. A product of 271 bp was amplified from the control, but no NR0B1 product could be amplified from the patient's testicular RNA, despite amplification of β-actin (ACTB) as an internal positive control for RNA integrity, indicating absence of the cognate NR0B1 mRNA transcript (fig. 4B).
Fig. 4.A Sequence chromatogram showing mutation of the NR0B1 splice donor site (c.1168+1G>A) in patient 4-II:1. NR0B1 sequence was compared to Transcript refseq ID NM 000475.4; the intron sequence is contained in Genomic refseq ID NG 009814.1 on chromosome X. B RT-PCR analysis of RNA extracted from control testis gave the 271-bp cognate NR0B1 band. This could not be amplified from 2 independent RNA preparations from portions of the testicular biopsy of patient 4-II:1. Amplification of the β-actin gene (453 bp) confirmed mRNA integrity. |
Histological analyses of the testis biopsy showed some sclerotic seminiferous tubules and other tubules beside Sertoli cells only (fig. 5A–D). Spermatocytic differentiation was noted in some tubules, but there were no spermatozoa. Leydig cell numbers appeared substantially decreased. Some areas showed testicular parenchyma containing a mixture of narrow, immature seminiferous tubules and totally fibrosed tubules. The immature tubules contained germ cells at the following stages: spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and very rare, round spermatids. The interstitial space appeared increased due to edema, fibrosis and a dense lymphocytic infiltrate. However, there was no morphological evidence of CIS or an invasive germ cell tumour; this was confirmed by the absence of staining for OCT3/4 in the patient biopsy (fig. 5E), as compared to the positive control section (fig. 5F).
Fig. 5. Testicular biopsy tissue stained with HE (A–D), or for OCT3/4 (E, F), shows features consistent with an immature testis, but no evidence of CIS. A–D Sertoli cells were detected, but very few Leydig cells were seen. Many examples of fibrotic tubules were observed. No spermatozoa were present in the lumen of the seminiferous tubules. F = Area of fibrosis; IT = areas showing immature tubuli; LC = increased interstitial areas containing reduced numbers of Leydig cells; SC = Sertoli cells; ST = sclerotic tubuli. E OCT3/4 expression (as a marker of CIS) in biopsy tissue was negative in the patient. F Positive control; OCT3/4 expression in a confirmed CIS patient, showing brown staining in the transformed germ cells. The scale bar indicates 100 µm. The objective magnification is indicated for each panel; the ocular magnification was 10× for all panels. |
We report 4 NR0B1 mutations, 3 of which are novel and 1 is a rare regulatory variant, demonstrating the first NR0B1 mutations in patients of Arabic origin. We provide the first investigation of CIS in testicular biopsy tissue from a patient with AHC and HH due to NR0B1 mutation, demonstrating it to be absent in this case. In general, male patients with testicular dysgenesis syndrome are screened for CIS; OCT3/4, an established marker of CIS, is negatively regulated by NR0B1. When testicular biopsy is indicated for HH caused by mutation of NR0B1, CIS should be investigated both morphologically (HE) and specifically by OCT3/4 staining. These data will provide evidence of the risk of CIS and allow guidelines to be established for screening of CIS in NR0B1-related AHC with HH.
Testicular histology associated with NR0B1 sequence variants has previously been described in only 2 prepubertal cases and 3 adults. A neonate who died due to AHC, the sibling of a patient with the c.1197C>A variant, predicting p.(Y399*), had normal testicular architecture [Brown et al., 2003]. A 9-year-old boy with AHC and undescended, prepubertal testes had the c.1355delT variant; this predicts a frameshift with the first premature termination at codon 461, p.(Ile452Thrfs*10). This infant also had normal testicular architecture [Morii et al., 2007]. An adult with mild phenotype (adult-onset adrenal insufficiency and gonadal failure) had an amino-terminal NR0B1 nonsense variant, c.109C>T, predicting p.(Gln37*) (fig. 6). In vitro studies showed expression of amino-truncated, partially functional protein from an alternative, in-frame initiation site (M83), deduced to reduce clinical severity. He had been treated with gonadotrophins for 6 months. His testicular biopsy showed disorganized seminiferous tubular structures and moderate Leydig cell hyperplasia [Ozisik et al., 2003]. Another adult patient with AHC and HH and the c.501delA variant predicting p.(Gly169Alafs*95) had a testicular biopsy after 7 years of HCG treatment; Sertoli cell only syndrome was reported, with infrequent spermatogonia, no evidence of spermatogenesis, and Leydig cell hyperplasia (fig. 6) [Seminara et al., 1999]. Recently, an adult with AHC and HH and the NR0B1 c.1210C>T variant, predicting p.(Gln404*) (fig. 6), had 20 months treatment with menotropin and HCG; bilateral multiple-site testicular biopsy was performed. Although histology showed very severe reduction in spermatogenesis, a few spermatozoa were extracted for intracytoplasmic sperm injection and embryo transfer, leading to birth of a healthy boy. Thus, there are very few data on testicular function, but they suggest that patients with NR0B1 variants appear to have a primary defect of the testes which is progressive with increasing age, in addition to testicular defects secondary to central HH [Frapsauce et al., 2011]. We report histological analyses of the adult patient 4-II:1 which confirm an extremely compromised testicular architecture, failure of spermatogenesis at a cellular level with absence of spermatozoa. As our recent evidence suggests that histological examination alone can be insufficient to exclude CIS [van Casteren et al., 2008], we also performed OCT3/4 immunostaining, showing no detectable expression in the biopsy sample. There was neither evidence of malignant germ cell tumour, nor of its precursor lesion, CIS. Although sampling error must always be considered for analysis of single site biopsies, based upon our previous studies of CIS, there is no evidence to suggest that the patient is at future risk for development of a malignant germ cell tumour, either a seminoma or nonseminoma [Looijenga et al., 2003; de Jong et al., 2005; Oosterhuis and Looijenga, 2005; van Casteren et al., 2008].
Fig. 6. Schematic representation of the NR0B1 predicted protein. The N-terminal portion of the predicted nuclear receptor protein encodes 3 and a half repeat domains and the C-terminal encodes the nuclear receptor-like domain. Variants described in this report are shown above the protein schematic image, and the 3 previously reported variants for which adult testicular histology has been described are shown below. The position of the single intron is indicated as an upturned triangle, indicating the intronic position of the c.1168+1G>A splice variant. Variants for which adult testicular histology showed Leydig cell hyperplasia are shown in red. |
Few variants of regulatory sequences have been reported for NR0B1. Two different NR0B1 splice site variants have been identified in boys with AHC and HH, c.1169–1G>C and c.1168+1G>C [Goto and Katsumata, 2009; Landau et al., 2010]. Over-expression of c.1168+1G>C in COS-1 (monkey kidney) cells and RT-PCR showed multiple alternatively spliced transcripts, including a band the same size as the cognate NR0B1 product [Goto and Katsumata, 2009], possibly reflecting non-physiological NR0B1 transcriptional regulation under heterologous over-expression. In comparison, in our current study of the novel c.1168+1G>A variant, no cognate NR0B1 transcript was RT-PCR amplified from the patient's testicular RNA, predicting physiological absence of NR0B1 protein. Lack of sample precluded further analysis of the testicular RNA, so we cannot exclude the possibility that alternative splicing across the region encompassed by the primers, corresponding to amino acids 363–453 in the nuclear receptor-like domain, may have resulted in some level of expression of a transcript encoding a partially functional protein. The only other regulatory variant of NR0B1 described in a patient with AHC and HH was a 60-Mb inversion with 1 breakpoint in a non-coding, conserved element ∼4 kb upstream of NR0B1 [Skinningsrud et al., 2009]. The c.1168+1G>A variant described in patient 4-II:1 in this report, together with the 2 previous splice site variants and the inversion, are the only reported NR0B1 variants affecting non-coding, regulatory sequences.
In summary, we have identified NR0B1 sequence variants in 4 AHC/HH pedigrees. Three are novel, and 2 represent the first NR0B1 variants reported in patients of Arabic ethnic origin. The necessity for clinical suspicion and rapid diagnosis of AHC to avoid familial instances of multiple male neonatal or infant deaths is illustrated by pedigrees 1 and 3 (fig. 1, 3). We have described in patient 4-II:1 a novel splice donor site variant in NR0B1 that abrogated cognate splicing of testicular mRNA. Patient 4-II:1 had clinical features consistent with an incomplete FSH deficiency with some retention of hypothalamic-pituitary signalling, insufficient to spontaneously induce/maintain puberty, but consistent with the observed growth of the testes on HCG treatment and the histological evidence of spermatocytic differentiation, although no mature spermatozoa were observed. For patient 4-II:1 with the c.1168+1G>A variant, testicular biopsy showed neither malignant germ cell tumour, nor its precursor lesion, CIS. These studies add to knowledge of the types and ethnic diversity of NR0B1 sequence variants and their associated phenotypes, and provide insight into the assessment and interpretation of testicular histology in AHC and HH.
We thank the patients, their families, and the clinical staff for their participation, Inessa Carrick for administrative assistance and Judith Kisalu for clinical data.
for their participation, Inessa Carrick for administrative assistance and Judith Kisalu for clinical data.
Dr. Ann Walker
Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, BHF Laboratories
UCL Institute of Cardiovascular Science
5 University Street, London WC1E 6JJ (UK)
Tel. +44 207 679 6279, E-Mail email@example.com
A.P.W. and R.C.F. contributed equally to this work.
Accepted: July 9, 2012 by M. Schmid
Published online: September 27, 2012
Number of Print Pages : 8
Number of Figures : 6, Number of Tables : 0, Number of References : 25
Sexual Development (Genetics, Molecular Biology, Evolution, Endocrinology, Embryology, and Pathology of Sex Determination and Differentiation)
Vol. 6, No. 6, Year 2012 (Cover Date: November 2012)
Journal Editor: Schmid M. (Würzburg), Scherer G. (Freiburg), Schartl M. (Würzburg)
ISSN: 1661-5425 (Print), eISSN: 1661-5433 (Online)
For additional information: http://www.karger.com/SXD


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Micro Camcorders That Are at Home on the Web
THE GIZMO: Net-friendly camcorders.
SMILE FOR THE MICRO: The camcorder has long been a family staple for shooting birthday parties, school plays and vacations. Only in the last few years, though, has this device achieved a "hip" factor among young users.
That cultural revolution was largely kick-started by a company called Pure Digital Technologies, which came up with an itty-bitty camcorder called the Flip that looked like an iPod, slipped easily into a pocket, had minimal buttons and recorded clips on solid-state memory instead of tape, for easy transfer to a computer and posting online to sites like YouTube and AOL Video.
The image quality with a Flip is a bit better and the recording time much longer (60 minutes max) than you get shooting videos on most mobile phones. But these micro-camcorders are just as inviting to take along for a ride, just as easy to, um, sneak past door friskers at concerts.
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I just can't understand why it is that I often can't remember who wrote or sang a really good song, or even the song's actual title, but somehow I remember that song is "Escape" by Rupert Holmes.
Maybe because escape is all I wanted to do every time I heard it.:blink:


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FOOTLOOSE IS HAVING SOME ARCHIVE ISSUES WHICH MAY TAKE A FEW DAYS TO REPAIR PLEASE BE PATIENT Subscribe to the Footloose RSS Feed! Footloose is available to buy in print from our store. |
Footloose Copyright Alice Nuttall and Emily Brady 2004 onwards. Please don't steal it, it's claim to originality is tenuous as it is. May contain occaisional nastiness- and shoes. And it updates Tuesday |


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Close up of a singer recording a track
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["20-24 years","artist","attractive","audio","beautiful","beauty","caucasian appearance","entertainment","equipment","expression","face","fashion","feeling","gorgeous","hair","hand","happiness","happy","headphones","lips","mic","microphone","model","mouth","music","musical","musician","one person","perform","performance","performer","pop","pretty","professional","record","recording","sexy","sing","singer","singing","sound","star","studio","vocals","voice","woman","young women"]
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Latest Post
#150 The Final Question
Continuously updated, this collection of Martha's writings is for all in search of true intimacy with Christ.
The Let devotional series is now available on Read MK. Check back here for the latests posts, visit ReadMK.com, or sign up to receive daily devotions in your inbox each morning!
When Jesus talked to Nicodemus, He freely, lavishly gave this man the entire gospel: from birth to judgment, from redemption to condemnation. And amazingly, Jesus revealed to this one religious man – who came, sought and questioned – that the essence of the gospel is about the Light. And that will be the final question to humanity.
Let's be clear again about the Light. If it is so central to the gospel and to our very existence, what is the Light?
John knew and wrote it. John saw and said it.
John 1:3-4 AMP
All things were made and came into existence through Him; and without Him was not even one thing made that has come into being.
In Him was Life, and the Life was the Light of men.
The Life is Jesus and the Light is that eternal blazing glory that He possessed as God. God dwelling in a human Man – that is both Light and Life. The LIGHT distinguished Him from ordinary human beings.
Now it is the presence of the Light of His glory that is the issue. If we have glimpsed the light – and we have – then we are utterly and terribly accountable.
It is not deeds or goodness, it is not even knowledge of God that will be our scale. There is one issue and one accountability for which we will answer.
What did you do with the Revelation of Jesus? What response did you have to the Light of divine understanding you received from the Father in heaven?
What was your response to the Light?


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News Release - January 22, 2010 SASKATCHEWAN AND MANITOBA TO HOLD JOINT CABINET MEETING IN YORKTONThe City of Yorkton will play host to the first-ever joint cabinet meeting between the governments of Saskatchewan and Manitoba. Premiers Brad Wall and Greg Selinger, along with members of their respective cabinets, will meet on February 2. "Working more closely with our neighbours and expanding regional co-operation in the west has been among my government's top intergovernmental priorities," Wall said. "I'm pleased that Premier Selinger and his team share our interest in discussing practical ways Saskatchewan and Manitoba can collaborate to benefit the people of our two great provinces." "Manitoba will be assuming responsibility as Chair of the provincial Premiers' Council of the Federation from Saskatchewan later this year," Selinger added. "Our meeting in Yorkton will also give us a good opportunity to discuss ways to co-operate in addressing important national priorities." Topics for discussion will include highways and transportation; energy and the environment; and Canada-US relations. -30- For more information, contact:
Kathy Young
Jay Branch |


text: It makes sense that Nancy had decided not to move if she was unpacking the boxes, not that she decided specifically not to move to Canada. Nancy could have moved out of the house with her children, and her lawyer would have very quickly ensured that she had enough money to live on. I doubt the budget would have included pedicures for a 4 year old, which may be the reason Nancy decided not to move.


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Available formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html
Born in 1957. Steven has a saying these days. "I have to live in reality and when reality is done with me for the day, it's time to get away." Growing up it was the woods and his imagination. Then new technology entered his life, color TV. WOW. It did not get better than that. Saturday morning cartoons. 5 in the morning till 1 in the afternoon. Heaven. Then someone gave him a blue covered book. Tom Swift. That was it, he was done, he was hooked and became an addict. If it was print he had to have it. Books, comics and new technologies. As Bristol County Jr was fond of saying. "It was the coming thing." He still has his first bought copy of Ann McCaffrey, The Ship Who Sang, Robert Heinlien, Have Spacesuit Will Travel and Tom Swift sitting on the bookshelf. Authors that helped in that getaway, Anne McCaffrey, Robert Heinlien, Paul Anderson, Terry Brooks, and Edgar Rice Burroughs, who gave them the name of their daughter.
Review by:
Sandra Bullock
on Sep. 07, 2012 :
I really enjoyed the first book in the series and will definitely read the next one. The first person POV took a little getting used to but didn't effect my overall enjoyment of the book.
(reviewed long after purchase)
Review by:
leanna h
on Aug. 03, 2012 :
Fun and full of potential!! The first book in the series really sets up the tone of the novels. It was great, but not without flaws. The first issue I held with the novel was verb tense. When a story is usually told, it is told from the narrative perspective which is in past tense. The fact that the book is written in present tense was something that was a struggle for me to get past. Another issue with the novel was that it didn't go in depth emotionally with the character. A female character is usually an emotional rollercoaster. This young girl was thrown in some emotional distressing situation and I barely felt that. She shed tears, but nothing impacted me emotionally the way novels with a female protagonist usually do. I was like was watching everything from a distance and I felt no sympathy or joy throughout the novel, even when some characters were affected negatively. While I may have some negative things about this novel, I would not dismiss it. It was fun ride, but I wish it had more an emotional emphasis.
(reviewed within a month of purchase)


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President And CEO Of Weingarten Realty Is Scheduled To Appear On CNBC's Street Signs
Andrew "Drew" Alexander, President and Chief Executive Officer of Weingarten Realty is scheduled as a guest on CNBC's Street Signs. The live interview will air Thursday, May 31, 2012.
The interview will be hosted by Mandy Drury and Brian Sullivan and will cover current topics related to the REIT industry and overall U.S. economy.
About Weingarten Realty Investors
Weingarten Realty Investors (NYSE: WRI) is a commercial real estate owner, manager and developer. At March 31, 2012, the Company owned or operated under long-term leases, either directly or through its interest in real estate joint ventures or partnerships, a total of 309 neighborhood and community shopping centers located in 22 states spanning the country from coast to coast. At March 31, 2012, the Company operated a portfolio of retail properties representing approximately 56.8 million square feet. To learn more about the Company's operations and growth strategies, please visit
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Caltrans awards $78 million to 130 public transit projects
Caltrans on March 29 awarded $78 million to 130 public transit and air quality projects across California.
All of the funding comes from Proposition 1B, a 2006 voter-approved transportation bond, which includes $3.6 billion to improve public transit in California.
"These projects will reduce traffic congestion and transportation-related pollution, improving our air quality, and bringing us another step closer to reaching our emissions-reduction goals," said Caltrans Director Cindy McKim.
Some of the more noteworthy projects awarded Proposition 1B funding include the following:
Bay Area
• $9.1 million to the San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency. Most of the funding will be used to modernize 143 light rail vehicles currently in service, enabling the vehicles to remain in service an additional 25 years.
• $20 million to the Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority to rehabilitate several transit systems, including replacing 80 diesel-powered buses with Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) vehicles, which emit far less pollution than diesel or gas-powered buses, and purchase 90 hybrid paratransit vehicles to increase service and ensure compliance with California Air Resources Board standards.
Central Valley
• $1.8 million to Fresno to repair 20 CNG buses.
• $700,343 to Kern County to purchase six new buses, replacing older buses that have been in use years beyond their usual length of service. The new buses will cost much less to maintain and will not stall or breakdown as frequently.
• $263,392 to Tulare County to purchase two CNG powered buses. These buses will replace two existing gas-powered buses, reducing particulate matter emissions by 75 percent.
Greater Los Angeles
• $1.32 million to Culver City to buy 20 CNG buses and perform construction work on the Intermodal Aerial Station, which will be the terminus of phase one of the Exposition Light Rail Line Extension.
• $1.8 million to Torrance to purchase 12 hybrid gas-electric buses to replace diesel-powered buses currently in service.
• $1.5 million to Santa Monica for the Big Blue Bus service to purchase 20 natural gas-powered buses, replacing existing diesel-powered buses.
• $8.23 million to the Ventura County Transportation Commission to acquire five CNG buses and three Dial-A-Ride buses, modernize and expand a CNG fueling facility, and make various other transit improvements.
• $800,000 to the Area Council of Governments for the Automated Farebox Upgrade Implementation, which will improve transit bus reliability and service throughout the city of Elk Grove.
Northern California
• $380,596 to the Redding Area Bus Authority for the Downtown Transit Center Expansion, which will provide additional routes and intercity service. The funding will also pay to increase park and ride capacity.
San Diego
• $3.2 million to the San Diego Association of Governments to purchase 57 new replacement vehicles for the Blue Line Light Rail, increasing capacity and improving transit throughout San Diego.
For a comprehensive list of all projects that received funding, go to http://www.dot.ca.gov/docs/prop1Btransitairqualityprojectsmarch2010.pdf.
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Nov 20, 2012
Help Deploy More Airfence: Drawing This Weekend To Benefit The Roadracing World Action Fund Features $500 Worth Of Lucas Oil Products
© 2015, Roadracing World Publishing, Inc.
(This original, copyrighted material may not be copied, cut and pasted, published or otherwise reproduced in any way in any medium, which means, don't post this on another website or BBS. If you want somebody else to see this, send, share or tweet a link or post a link to this page.)
Lucas Oil Products.
Get a chance to win $500 of Lucas Oil Products with your $50 donation to the Roadracing World Action Fund this week only!
Lucas Oil Products has donated a prize package for a drawing to help raise money for the Roadracing World Action Fund, a 501(c)3 non-profit organization which advocates and promotes the use of soft barriers to help prevent racetrack injuries.
To enter the drawing, simply donate $50 or more to the Roadracing World Action Fund by the end of Sunday, November 25, 2012 (donations are accepted online at ~
Participants in Chris Ulrich's two-seat Superbike ride along event November 24-25 at Fontana, California's Auto Club Speedway will also receive an entry in the drawing (~
) with their $50 minimum donation.
The prize for the drawing is $500 worth of Lucas Oil Products, including an assortment of popular Lucas Oil products, including Synthetic Motorcycle Oil, Octane Booster, Synthetic Fork Oil, Super Coolant, Contact Cleaner, Chain Lube, Tool Box Buddy spray lubricant, Deep Clean Fuel System Cleaner and Slick Mist Speed Wax. Also included is a case of Safeguard Ethanol Fuel Treatment, designed to counteract the negative effects of running E10 and E15 pump gas in motorcycles, ATVs, generators, outboards and other small engines.
The winner of the drawing will be announced next week on RoadracingWorld.com.
Lucas Oil Product Prize Package Details:
Part Number/Product Description
#10026 / 15oz Octane Booster / 1 Case (12)
#10160 / 24oz Slick Mist / 1 Case (6)
#10392 / 11oz Tool Box Buddy (Aerosol) 1 Case (12)
#10393 / 11oz Chain Lube (Aerosol) 1 Case (12)
#90799 / 11oz Contact Cleaner (Aerosol) 1 Case (12)
#10640 / 11oz Super Coolant / 1 Case (12)
#10704 / SYN SAE 5W-20 Motorcycle Oil / 2 Cases (6 quarts per case)*
#10706 / SYN SAE 5W-30 Motorcycle Oil / 2 Cases (6 quarts per case)*
#10710 / Semi-SYN SAE 10W-40 Motorcycle Oil / 2 Cases (6 quarts per case)*
#10725 / 2oz Octane Booster / 1 case (18)
#10773 / 16oz SYN Fork Oil 15WT. / 1 Case (12)*
#10670 / 5.25oz Safeguard Ethanol Fuel Conditioner / 1 case (24)
#10669 / 5.25oz Deep Clean Fuel System Cleaner / 1 case (24)
*You may request a different SAE weight to suit your bike or bikes.
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Bradley Chalkers IS the oldest kid in the fifth grade. He tells enormous lies. He picks fights with girls. No one likes him�except Carla, the new school counselor. She thinks Bradley is sensitive and generous, and knows that Bradley could change, if only he weren�t afraid to try. But when you feel like the most-hated kid in the whole school, believing in yourself can be the hardest thing in the world. . . .
Winner of 19 Children�s Choice Awards
Louis Sachar is the author of Stanley Yelnats�s Survival Guide to Camp Green Lake and Holes, winner of the Newbery Medal and now a major motion picture. The author lives in Austin, TX.
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In a large saucepan, cover peppers with boiling salted water. Cover and simmer on low 5 minutes. Drain peppers upside down on towels. In a large skillet over medium heat, brown lamb and garlic, breaking up lamb. Remove from heat; stir in lemon juice, mint, spices, cooked rice and 3/4 cup of the broth. Stuff peppers with mixture. Stand stuffed peppers in remaining broth in a large saucepan. Bring to boil. Reduce heat to low. Cover; simmer 15-20 minutes until peppers are just tender.
Note: We've provided special diet and nutritional information for educational purposes. But remember — we're cooks, not doctors! You should follow the advice of your health-care provider. And since product formulations change, check product labels for the most recent ingredient information. See our Terms of Service.
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A well experienced web development project manager needed Hourly – 1 to 3 months – 10-30 hrs/week – Posted 19 hours, 15 minutes ago We have an ongoing project but it need more professional managed. The below is what we are looking for: 1. Know Agile and Scrum method and can implement 2. refine our development process. 3. be able to recruit if necessary. 4. make sure function meet the deadline 5. at least 5 years project management experience with successful project. Please put JP on your first line of application project-management scrum
IT project manager Hourly – More than 6 months – Less than 10 hrs/week – Posted Feb. 24 2015 The project is for bootstrap a web application can allow user deploy their site or application on different cloud and automate key infrastructure tasks from an django interface and ansible. For this purpose this webapp will be plug on different API :google app engine,google analytics,sms gateway and more. We want a list of potential co workers who will be payed by task. We need somebody can coordonate developper freelance online in a scrum manner. The candidate must have ... api-development atlassian-jira django-framework git mantis python scrum
Project Manager / Virtual Assistant - Manage Seo Process Hourly – 3 to 6 months – 10-30 hrs/week – Posted Feb. 23 2015 Responsible for setting up, maintaining, and optimizing CRM process for all SEO campaigns. SEO experience is helpful but not required. You need to be super organized and detail oriented. Please add as you first line of your reply I am excellent project manager to be considered for this position. Also add the number 1 reason I should consider hiring for this position. agile-software-development internet-marketing project-management project-management-professional project-planning scrum scrumworks
Need Android Mobile App Developers for Long Term Project Hourly – More than 6 months – 30+ hrs/week – Posted Feb. 21 2015 Mobilecloudlabs.com is developing a project that we expect to be huge in the advertisement industry. The project is for a mobile ad platform with the first project resulting in a minimum viable product we can demonstrate utilizing our patent pending technology. We may also have side mobile app development projects as we frequently get requests. The CEO is the architect/lead developer and a seasoned veteran with mobile app development dealing with location science. We also have a very ... agile-software-development android-app-development core-java iphone-app-development mobile-app-development scrum
Looking for certified Agile Consultant/Trainer Hourly – Less than 1 week – Less than 10 hrs/week – Posted Feb. 19 2015 Looking for certified Agile Consultant/Trainer for 1-1 mentoring. agile-software-development scrum
Agile Expert Certification Training needed Hourly – Less than 1 week – 10-30 hrs/week – Posted Feb. 18 2015 The applications needs to be available in US CST hours. The training will start from monday 23rd February 2015 at 9 AM CST . ' Training needs to cover the following : To provide an understanding of the Agile philosophy and practices including Scrum, Kanban, DSDM, Crystal, XP, and FDD. To provide a working knowledge of the various Agile methodologies. To provide the ability to compare and choose which methodology would be appropriate in a given situation. To prepare & pass the AEC™ certification ... agile-software-development manual-testing project-management scrum
Java Software Developer - Extreme Coder Hourly – More than 6 months – 30+ hrs/week – Posted Feb. 18 2015 Your job as a software engineer is to take part in the entire development process, from exploring requirements to delivery. The challenge is to provide solutions that scale. The team members have a high technical level and are expected to work efficiently within the team to solve complex problems, from analyzing the problem to designing, planning and implementing the solutions. We are pushing the boundaries with continuous delivery and shipping code faster and faster. 10 minutes after you finish your ... agile-software-development atlassian-jira erlang git java jenkins scrum software-debugging test-driven-development
Python/Django full stack developer Hourly – 1 to 3 months – 30+ hrs/week – Posted Feb. 16 2015 I am looking for someone that can design & build in Python, someone who is passionate about their craft and has experience in agile development. If you are interested in working on an exciting project which solves a big problem for online retailers in the UK and European market then this project is probably for you. You will be working on improving and building complex integrations for an existing solution which supports hundreds of thousands of transactions per month for some ... agile-software-development angularjs automated-testing continuous-integration django-framework github javascript python scrum
Virtual Assistant Hourly – More than 6 months – 10-30 hrs/week – Posted Feb. 11 2015 Taking existing excel task list and set it up in Asana with multiple team members. I am open to another task management tool but Asana appears to be the best option. Depending on how I find the experience I will look to take someone on part-time to full-time for: - joining weekly calls and possibly other meetings to take notes and to update Asana / Evernote - aggregating ideas and tasks, ordering and putting into task list. These ideas could be coming from ... administrative-support internet-research microsoft-excel scrum virtual-assistant
Magento security patches upgrade Fixed-Price – Est. Budget: $30.00 Posted Feb. 5 2015 I need to upgrade my magento software with the latest zend security patches, latest php version patches and fix all the former magento bugs with the latest magento fixing patches. agile-software-development magento scrum zend-framework


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Economic Development Through Entrepreneurship,John Jacobs & Steven Budd, Council for Resource Development, November 4, 2008
The Value of Entrepreneurship Education at Community Colleges, Heather Van Sickle, Creative Arts Forum, June 16, 2008
The Case for Entrepreneurship Education at Community Colleges - WebinarJoe Hesch, Director of Entrepreneurship, Northern Wyoming Community CollegeHeather Van Sickle, Executive Director, NACCEApril 22, 2009
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1/20/2015The National Association for Community College Entrepreneurship (NACCE), Names New President & CEO
1/15/2015NACCE Names President of Patrick Henry Community College to Board
1/15/2015Ten Colleges from North and South Carolinas to Establish Regional Collaborative for a Global Economy
2/2/2015 » 5/8/2015NACCE's Entrepreneurship Specialist Certificate Online Training
10/11/2015 » 10/14/2015NACCE 2015 Conference - Save the Date!


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Talk to Your Spirit Guides, Get Healed, & Readings
We want you to get practical spiritual guidance and receive the physical, mental
and emotional healing you need now!
This week you'll experience:
-Mini Readings with Jason Nelson and Dr. Sarah Larsen
-Opening Up to Your Spirit Guides
-Guided Meditation to Meet Your Spirit Guide
-Spiritual Healing for Your Mind, Body and Emotions
– (Other) Birthday party for me (Dr. Sarah Larsen) where you get a fabulous gifts (besides an awesome connection with your guides and reading with Jason and me.)
– Celebrate the last class of Thursday nights & Personal Development series at the Gateway!!!
Jason will also give a
-Preview into the Miracle of Voice Channeling Spirit Program (you can grab one of the last tickets for Jason Nelson's Saturday March 7th and Sunday March 8th mediumship workshop training in a gorgeous Topanga Canyon Retreat –>www.MiracleofVoiceChanneli
Jason Nelson Bio:
Jason Nelson is a Channel for God and Teacher of Love. For over a decade he's helped thousands of people, through his international one-on-one coaching and workshop programs, connect more deeply with their soul to heal, channel, intuit and manifest their life purpose. He's a bestselling author of Age of the Soul and Empower Our Children. Join Jason for his program, the Miracle of Voice Channeling Spirit, where you'll learn to be your own medium. To download Jason Nelson's Free 13 Chakra Grounding and Healing Meditation and receive Soul-Based Living News, his free monthly resources and updates, go to www.JasonNelson.info. Or find him on YouTube https://www.youtube.com/
Thursday, March 5th
Begins at 6:30PM with a Potluck Outside in the Patio
Deep Discussion & Experience 7:30 to 9:30PM
The Gateway
2511 S Barrington Ave
West LA, CA 90064
Free parking in lot and on the street
A Course in Miracles in The Land of Miracles: Spiritual Tour to Egypt
Few places on Earth embody the principle of the miraculous like Egypt.
The Ancients left behind a legacy of manifestation in perfect alignment with the cosmic blueprint held deep in the heart of creation.
Few modern works reveal the machinery of love beating in the heart of life like A Course In Miracles.
Click here to visit the Spirit Quest Tours website and learn more about the journey!
Watch a preview of this incredible journey with Dr. Sarah and Greg Roach


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Paper | June 28, 2013
By: Karen Dynan, Ted Gayer and Natasha Plotkin
The various tax and incentive programs designed to help arrest the collapse of the housing market during the Great Recession provided, as expected, a modest short-term boost to housing demand, but some of these effects were reversed after the expiration of the credits, according to this new research paper by Brookings Economic Studies Co-Directors Karen Dynan and Ted Gayer, along with coauthor Natasha Plotkin.
The homebuyer tax credits included in the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (HERA) in 2008, the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA or "stimulus") of 2009, and the Work, Homeownership and Business Assistance Act (WHBAA) of 2009-2010 were projected to cost American taxpayers a total of $22 billion. The programs were intended to stimulate housing demand and thus reduce inventories and encourage new home construction.
Dynan and Gayer find that almost immediately after the ARRA homebuyer tax credit was passed, the rapid deterioration in housing market conditions came to an end, but argue that it is difficult to draw too strong a tie between the homebuyer tax credits and the change because they were part of a much larger macroeconomic package (ARRA, quantitative easing, bank stress tests, a buoyant stock market), plus other government housing programs (foreclosure prevention initiatives and refi programs). They do find that the ARRA and WHBAA homebuyer tax credits did at least modestly stimulate home sales in the short-term and had some impact on home prices, permits, and starts.
Dynan and Gayer found that HERA was the least effective program of the three, namely because it was essentially an interest-free loan to homebuyers. They also conclude that the purchases of the repeat homebuyers did not generally represent additional housing demand. In addition, following the end of the WHBAA program, any gains from the program partially reversed.
Looking at states with complementary homebuyer assistance programs, the authors found that sales were about 2 percentage points higher during the months for which the program was in place and that prices were boosted by a small amount compared to states without specific homebuyer programs; however, the programs appeared to have no permanent effect on sales, nor any immediate effects on home construction.
In terms of lessons for future policymaking, Dynan and Gayer write:
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Karen Dynan
Vice President and Co-Director, Economic Studies
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San Diego's slogan "America's Finest City" may sound a bit boastful, but with palm tree-lined beaches and an average temperature of 21.4 degrees, you may want to move here too. Discover San Diego with the help of our beginner's guide...
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£600,000 Guide Price*Guide Price* £600,000
2 bedroom terraced house for sale Flat 5, 103 Earls Court Road, Kensington, London
*GUIDE PRICE : £600,000 THIS PROPERTY IS TO BE OFFERED FOR SALE BY PUBLIC AUCTION : Monday, 02 March 2015 Price Information *Guides are provided as an indication of each seller's minimum expectation. They are not necessarily figures which a property will sell fo... More details › -
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1 bedroom apartment for sale Airlie Gardens, Kensington, London, W8 7AJ
Sold for £530,000. **For Sale By Auction 26th February** A Well Located Vacant First Floor One Bedroom Flat Leasehold. The property is held on a 999 year lease from 24th June 1979 (thus approximately 964 years unexpired). Guide Price = £495,000+ Location The property is situat... More details ›Added on 13/01/2015 by Auction House London, St Johns Wood. Call: 020 8012 3603 Local call rate
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Kill Shot: An American Assassin Thriller
#1 internationally bestselling author Vince Flynn delivers the young, hungry, and lethal Mitch Rapp at the onset of his career as a CIA superagent.In the year since the CIA trained and then unleashed him, Mitch Rapp has been steadily working his way through a list of men, bullet by bullet. With each swift and untraceable kill, the tangled network of monsters responsible for the slaughter of 270Vince Flynn Collectors' Edition #1
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Dairy Today's Elite Producer Business Conference begin on Monday afternoon again this year. Additionally, EPBC events will be held in a new location within The Bellagio. We will be using the Tower Ballroom and adjacent meeting rooms.
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Tent Activities
Twenty-one Bethesda businesses and non-profits will feature hands on creative activites geared for the 12-and-under crowd.
Let your imagination run the streets at Imagination Bethesda!
Adventure Theatre MTC Paper crowns and decoration |
American Plant Plant a flower in a pot |
Artwork Fine Art Studio |
Bethesda Big Train Make pinwheels out of paper and meet mascot Homer the dog |
Bethesda Green Make a bracelet with recycled paper and play environmental trivia game |
Creative Youth Bow tie and hair bow making, fashion design and illustration, on camera green screen experiences |
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Dansez! Dansez! Face paintings, coloring, story telling & educational games |
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Iran Cultural and Education Center Make-your-own bookmark, face painting and coloring |
Joy of Motion Creative dance, movement with streamers, hula hoops, etc. |
KID Museum Hands-on activities that introduce electronics and circuits. |
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Montgomery County Pedestrian Safety Initiative |
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Strathmore Art lesson on making comic books |
Washington Conservatory of Music Play instruments |
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Blue Moon Wisteria
Huge, fragrant bloom clusters dangle from this 25-foot vine!
We are honored to bring you this remarkable cultivar of our native Kentucky Wisteria. Not only is it cold-hardy to -40 degrees F with no loss of flowering ability, it also blooms 3 times each summer, assuring you of fragrant flowers for months. Vigorous, quick-growing, and tirelessly floriferous, this Wisteria is certain to become a classic for the American garden.
The lilac-blue flowers are large, showy, and held in foot-long racemes like enormous clusters of grapes. The fragrance is sweet, intense, and very addictive -- be sure to plant 'Blue Moon' where it can share its scent with garden visitors and even indoors through open windows and doors! The first flush of bloom is in early summer, with a brief rest before the second and then third repeats. Imagine all the flowers you will have for vases as well as garden enjoyment!
But its tremendous bloom strength is only one of 'Blue Moon's attributes. It's also fully hardy, not only able to withstand severe winters but to bloom unimpaired afterwards. Bred in Minnesota by Harvey and Brigitte Buchite, it has weathered -40 degrees F without damage. At last, a Wisteria that thrives even in the far north!
'Blue Moon' is a vigorous, quick-growing vine, reaching 25 feet long within just a few years. It needs no pruning, and should only be trimmed back if necessary after the final flowering. Let it ramble across pergolas, over arches, and up trellises and other ultra-sturdy supports, dangling its huge blooms along the way. A fully blooming 'Blue Moon' is a breathtaking sight!
Give this vine as much sunlight as possible for best flowering. It flourishes in moist, well-drained soil enriched with compost and other organics. Zones 4-9.
Genus | Wisteria |
Species | macrostachya |
Variety | Blue Moon |
Zone | 4 - 9 |
BloomStartToEnd | Early Summer - Late Summer |
Habit | Vining |
PlantHeight | 25 ft |
PlantWidth | 6 ft - 8 ft |
BloomSize | 12 in |
Additional Characteristics | Flower, Fragrance, Repeat Bloomer |
Bloom Color | Blue |
Light Requirements | Full Sun |
Season Of Interest | Summer |
Soil Tolerance | Normal, loamy |
Uses | Cut Flowers, Ornamental, Outdoor, Vines and Climbers |
Restrictions | Canada, Guam, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Virgin Islands |
Which plants should I grow to repel insects?
Many of the herbs will repel insects. Pennyroyal repels fleas and other insects. Pyrethrum repels moths, flies, ants, mosquitoes, cockroaches, mites, and bedbugs. Mint repels flies, fleas, and ants. Lavender repels flies, silverfish, and fleas. Catnip can repel mosquitoes. Thyme repels insects. Lemon Grass repels mosquitoes. Basil repels flies and mosquitoes. Sage repels a variety of insects. Chrysanthemum, grown for its beautiful flowers and for the extraction of pyrethrin (an organic insecticide), repels flies, beetles, mosquitoes, roaches, lice, and fleas.
Which plants should I grow to repel rabbits and deer?
Planting garlic, onions, chives, lavender, rosemary, and sage around rabbit-susceptible plants will repel rabbits. Deer repellent plants include: lavender, onion, catnip, sage, chives, garlic, spearmint, and thyme. Be sure to strategically place these repellent plants around and in between rabbit and deer-susceptible plants. Also, place some along the property line and especially at key points the rabbits and deer are using as entryways, which can even deter them from coming onto your property.
Which of your plants offered are deer resistant?
Perennials that are deer resistant include: Asclepias, Aster, Baptisia, Coreopsis, Dianthus, Digitalis, Echinacea, Gaillardia, Heuchera, Hibiscus, Malva, Monarda, Oriental Poppy, Platycodon, Peony, Rudbeckia, Salvia, Sedum, and Tricyrtis. Shrubs include: Buddleia, Buxus, Cotoneaster, Daphne, Forsythia, Fothergilla, Hibiscus (Rose of Sharon), Potentilla, Spiraea, Syringa, and Viburnum. Vines include: Clematis, Honeysuckle, Campsis, Wisteria, and Climbing Hydrangea. Trees include: Acer (Maple), Cercis (Redbud), Corylus, Fagus (Beech), Magnolia, Ginkgo, Mulberry, Spruce, and Salix (Willow).


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The BMW Munich Plant's Final BMW Assembly
Description:Watch the BMW 3 series being built at the BMW Munich plant's presses. Watch as cars are being assembled and brought out of the plant. (3:10)
Source: AutoMotoTV
Tags: BMW Munich Plant BMW 3 Series Final Assembly , Auto Moto TV , automototv , bmw 3 series


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Capturing the moment: Flickr photo of the day
Every year, countless photographers stand at Artist Point in Yosemite Valley and capture their very own image of El Capitan (left) with Bridalvail Falls spilling from Cathedral Rocks. Yet, one in a million will capture a remarkable moment in time, when the valley reveals its true splendor.
On April 3, 2012, photographer Mema Small captured one of those elusive moments. The moment arrived as scattered spring storm clouds briefly parted and allowed the setting sun to light the falls. Patience and good fortune are fundamental elements in photography, but luck favors the prepared. Knowing when to be at a special location and being ready when Fortuna smiles are keys to capturing The Moment.
Do you have your own compelling travel photos to share? Join the Yahoo! Travel Flickr group, or look us up on Facebook, Twitter, Google+, and Pinterest. You can also download the Flickr app.


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Intel Pushes Out New GEM, KMS Patches
Published on 08 November 2008 07:05 PM EST
Written by
Michael Larabel
3 Comments
Developers at Intel's Open-Source Technology Center have been busy with a number of projects, and Jesse Barnes in particular has been active with a few
kernel mode-setting
Graphics Execution Manager
Among other recent work, Jesse has put out new patches for
on the DRI development mailing list.
One patch
adds support for mapping of GEM objects if the underlying graphics driver supports it. The
second patch
is revised kernel mode-setting for the DRM (Direct Rendering Manager) and Intel driver. Compared to earlier patches, the size has been reduced and there's a few fixes, but more work is still ahead.
While not directly related to Intel or KMS/GEM, there are a few improvements in
going on as well.
's Brian Paul has added support for the centroid qualifier and invariant keyword in the GLSL 1.20 implementation of this open-source OpenGL stack. Some of the other commits also add in AND/OR/NOT/XOR instructions and GL Shading Language support for DP2/DP2A/NRM3/NRM4 instructions. This work can be found in the Mesa git repository for what will go on to form Mesa 7.3 (and Mesa 7.4 once stabilized).
3 Comments
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March 2, 2015
[World Council of Churches press release] The World Council of Churches (WCC) has condemned recent attacks against a mosque in the West Bank and a Christian center in Jerusalem that appear to be part of the series of so-called "price-tag" attacks by extremist elements.
According to media reports, a group of Jewish settlers stormed Al-Jaba'a village, near Bethlehem, and set fire to the Al-Huda Mosque, leaving anti-Arab slogans on its walls. The...
February 26, 2015
[Episcopal Divinity School press release] Episcopal Divinity School (EDS) has announced that it will offer 20 additional student scholarships in the 2015–16 academic year. Of the 20 scholarships, 10 will be full tuition scholarships for master's degree candidates, five of which will be awarded to students of color. The remaining scholarships will be first year scholarships with a school commitment to meet all financial need through financial aid in subsequent years.
February 25, 2015
[Episcopal Church Office of Public Affairs press release] With the 2015 United Nations Commission on the Status of Women (UNCSW) meeting on the horizon, The Episcopal Church submitted its first ever official written statement to the 59th Session last October detailing persistent challenges to women's empowerment and gender equality and offering action steps.
This year, UNCSW will undertake a review of progress made in the implementation...[Episcopal Public Policy Network] In this week's reflection, we focus on housing. The Rev'd Canon E. Mark Stevenson, Domestic Poverty Missioner for the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society, provides background on the realities of access to housing in the United States. Then, Chris Sikkema, Mission Associate for Justice and Advocacy Ministries of the Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society, shares how St. Francis Center in Denver, CO is working to provide safe...
February 24, 2015
[School of Theology — Sewanee, Tennessee] The School of Theology was once again honored to be named to the 2015 list of Seminaries that Change the World. Twenty-six institutions were named in this year's class, two of which are Episcopal seminaries. The School of Theology was also included in the class of 2014.
The Center for Faith and Service, based out of McCormick Theological Seminary in...
February 20, 2015
[Lambeth Palace] In this talk given at St. Paul's Cathedral on Feb. 19, Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby reflected on what makes a good Lent for individuals, communities and society as a whole.
Some things stick in the memory. In 2004, when I was working at Coventry Cathedral, I was in a part of Africa which was in the midst of some very serious fighting. A group of black-clad militias was moving across the area, killing, looting, burning.
With a...
February 19, 2015
[Episcopal Relief and Development]
Lord, when was it that
We saw you hungry and gave you food?
We saw you thirsty and gave you something to drink?
We saw you a stranger and welcomed you?
We saw you sick and took care of you?
We saw you in prison and visited you?
'Truly I tell you, just as you did it to one of the least of these...[Episcopal Church Office of Public Affairs press release] The Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society has posted information to help congregations and dioceses understand the demographics of their areas, an important tool for growth and vision processes. The information, Studying Your Congregation and Community, is available for no...


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Karen Shain Schloss, noted calligraphic artist, is the guest curator of the Temple Judea Museum's upcoming exhibition. The subject is The Haggadah and the Passover Service.
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