text: EECS 595 / LING 541 / SI 661&761 Natural Language Processing Fall 2005 Lecture Notes #1 Introduction Course logistics • Instructor: Prof. Dragomir Radev (email@example.com) Ph.D., Computer Science, Columbia University Formerly at IBM TJ Watson Research Center • Times: Thursdays 2:40-5:25 PM, in 411, West Hall • Office hours: TBA, 3080 West Hall Connector Course home page: http://www.si.umich.edu/~radev/NLP-fall2005 Example (from a famous movie) Dave Bowman: Open the pod bay doors, HAL. HAL: I'm sorry Dave. I'm afraid I can't do that. Example I saw her fall • How many different interpretations does the above sentence have? How many of them are reasonable/grammatical? Example 1 The Standard and Poor's 500 and the Nasdaq composite index both reached four-year highs Thursday as investors, unfazed by oil prices nearing $70 per barrel, welcomed a raft of strong earnings reports. Example 1 The Standard and Poor's 500 and the Nasdaq composite index both reached four-year highs Thursday as investors, unfazed by oil prices nearing $70 per barrel, welcomed a raft of strong earnings reports. Example 1 The Standard and Poor's 500 and the Nasdaq composite index both reached four-year highs Thursday as investors, unfazed by oil prices nearing $70 per barrel, welcomed a raft of strong earnings reports. Example 1 The Standard and Poor's 500 and the Nasdaq composite index both reached four-year highs Thursday as investors, unfazed by oil prices nearing $70 per barrel, welcomed a raft of strong earnings reports. Example 1 The Standard and Poor's 500 and the Nasdaq composite index both reached four-year highs Thursday as investors, unfazed by oil prices nearing $70 per barrel, welcomed a raft of strong earnings reports. Example 1 The Standard and Poor's 500 and the Nasdaq composite index both reached four-year highs Thursday as investors, unfazed by oil prices nearing $70 per barrel, welcomed a raft of strong earnings reports. Example 2 Accenture posts higher earnings Consulting and technology services firm beats estimates; stock gains in after-hours trading. July 7, 2005: 4:35 PM EDT NEW YORK (Reuters) - Accenture Ltd., one of the world's largest consulting and technology services firms, posted a higher quarterly profit Thursday boosted by a rebound in consulting demand. Fiscal third-quarter net income more than doubled to about $484 million, or 51 cents a share, from $210 million, or 37 cents a share, a year earlier, the company said. Analysts had expected earning of 43 cents a share, according to First Call. Accenture stock rose about 2 percent in after-hours trading after falling nearly 6 percent in regular New York Stock Exchange trading. • Gary Larson ("The Far Side") cartoon: • What we say to dogs: – "Okay Ginger! I've had it! You stay out of the garbage! Understand, Ginger?" • What they hear: – "Blah Ginger! blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah blah Ginger?" Time Warner to hold off on Cablevision But top Time Warner execs said it may eventually be interested in the cable assets. July 8, 2005: 7:20 PM EDT SUN VALLEY, Idaho (Reuters) - A top Time Warner Inc. executive said Friday it could not bid for Cablevision until it completes a deal to buy Adelphia Communications Corp., splashing cold water on early buyout speculation. Time Warner is in a joint deal with Comcast Corp. to buy bankrupt cable provider Adelphia Communications Corp. "We can't do anything else until we get it (Adelphia) integrated," said Don Logan, chairman of Time Warner's media and communications group. But he added, "We've always said we are interested in Cablevision. ... Anything is possible." In June, the Dolan family offered Cablevision shareholders about $33.50 per share in a $7.9 billion deal to take the company private. Analysts and one of Cablevision's top investors have said the offer is too low and could put the cable system, which serves 3 million customers in the New York area, into play for other suitors, including Time Warner Cable and Comcast. Wall Street analysts said in June that Time Warner, if it were to bid, could top the offer with a $35 to $40 per share bid. Time Warner is the parent company of this Web site. Time Warner chief executive Dick Parsons said on Friday his company's decision about whether to buy Cablevision Corp. rests on whether the Dolan family decides to put it up for sale. "Chuck (Dolan) controls it and it's not as if we could take it away from him," Parsons said during a break at the Allen & Co. conference in Sun Valley, Idaho. "When he's ready to bring that asset to market he knows we're here." Parsons would not comment on whether he has had recent conversations with Dolan about buying Cablevision. Parsons said he and Dolan agree that cable assets are undervalued and that now is a good time to buy them. Time Warner is the parent company of CNN/Money. Stocks edge up Major gauges make tentative gains at Friday's open after steep Fed-inspired selloff. July 1, 2005: 9:46 AM EDT NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - Stocks inched higher early Friday, recovering some from the big selloff after the Federal Reserve boosted interest rates again, and signaled it didn't intend to pause anytime soon. The Dow Jones industrial average (down 99.51 to 10,274.97, Charts), the broader Standard & Poor's 500 (up 2.50 to 1,193.83, Charts) index and the Nasdaq composite (up 4.84 to 2,061.80, Charts) all added a few points in the early going, with the Nasdaq lagging the blue chip indicators a bit. Stocks ended a mixed quarter on a down note Thursday, with the Dow losing more than 100 points after the Fed raised the target for its fed funds rate, an overnight bank lending rate, another quarter point to 3.25 percent. In the closely watched statement, the central bankers acknowledged the impact of higher energy prices and other negatives, but said the economic expansion remains on track. They also pledged to keep raising rates at a "measured" pace, all of which suggested that they don't plan to pause in the near term. Gains early Friday were broad based, with 27 out of 30 Dow issues rising. In corporate news, Microsoft (up $0.02 to $24.86, Research) has settled antitrust claims made by IBM (unchanged at $74.20, Research), the companies said Friday. The software leader will pay IBM $775 million as part of the deal. A number of economic reports were due around 10 a.m. ET. The Institute for Supply Management's manufacturing index for June was expected to have risen to 51.5 in the month from 51.4 in May, according to a consensus of economists surveyed by Briefing.com. The revised read on June consumer sentiment from the University of Michigan was also due, as was the May read on construction spending. Treasury prices slipped after Thursday's big rally. The fall raised the yield on the 10-year note to 3.94 percent from 3.92 percent late Thursday. Treasury prices and yields move in opposite directions. In currency trading, the dollar jumped versus the euro and the yen. U.S. light crude oil for August delivery rose 32 cents to trade at $56.82 a barrel in electronic trading. Crude set a record closing price for a nearby futures contract at $60.54 on Monday. COMEX gold fell $1.20 to $435.90 an ounce. In global trade, Asian-Pacific markets ended mostly lower, and European markets rose at midday. Google cracks $300 Shares of the popular search engine pass $300 for the first time and are now up 260% since IPO. June 27, 2005: 5:52 PM EDT By Paul R. La Monica, CNN/Money senior writer NEW YORK (CNN/Money) - Shares of Google, the popular search-engine company, surpassed the $300 level for the first time on Monday, sparking memories of the dot-com stock craze of the late 1990s. Google gained 2.3 percent to finish at $304.10, slightly below its high for the day of $304.30. The stock has now gained nearly 260 percent since it went public last August at $85 a share. Much of the optimism surrounding Google comes from the fact that it is the leader in the white-hot online advertising industry. The company reported much better than expected sales and earnings for the first quarter, thanks to a booming market for online advertising, particularly ads tied to specific keyword searches. And during the past few weeks, Google has released several new features -- including a desktop search function for businesses and a test version of a personalized home page tool -- that should help the company remain competitive against rivals Yahoo! and Microsoft. Several analysts have also speculated that Google will soon launch an online payment service that could compete against eBay's PayPal. In addition, many investors have been betting that the company, which now has a market value of nearly $85 billion, will soon be added to the benchmark S&P 500 index. But the stock's meteoric rise as of late -- shares have surged more than 50 percent since the company reported first-quarter results in mid-April -- has some analysts thinking that the stock could take a hit in the near future. "You might see the stock pause temporarily," said Marianne Wolk, an analyst with Susquehanna Financial Group. "For the longer term, we're still very bullish but in the very short term it wouldn't be a surprise to see the stock stabilize or pull back." The key for Google will be how strong its second quarter results are. Google is set to report these numbers on July 21. Analysts expect Google's sales, excluding revenues it shares with affiliates, a figure known as traffic acquisition costs or TAC, to come in at $840 million, nearly double last year's levels. Earnings, excluding certain one-time charges, are forecast at $1.21, an increase of 121 percent from a year ago. Wolk thinks that Google should meet these targets but does not believe the company will report results that are significantly better than consensus projections. And if Google does not continue to beat estimates, the stock could take a bath. "For Google to keep heading higher, it's absolutely critical that they keep hitting numbers. Everyone now believes the story," said John Tinker, an analyst with ThinkEquity Partners. Still, many investors are finding it hard to bet against Google because it has been posting extremely strong levels of sales growth and healthy profit margins as a public company. So the comparisons to the late 1990s, when shares of many unprofitable Internet companies soared solely due to hype, may not be apt. To that end, Google is expected to generate nearly $3.6 billion in sales, excluding TAC and revenue of $5 billion next year as the company continues to benefit from a shift of advertising dollars from more mainstream media sources such as television, radio, and newspapers, to the Web. In addition to its ubiquitous search engine, Google has branched out into related areas in order to capitalize on the boom in online advertising. The company has a comparison shopping site, Froogle, a free e-mail service called Gmail which features ads embedded in e-mails, and a local search site that operates as kind of a Web version of the Yellow Pages. Google also has expanded rapidly abroad, with sales from outside the U.S. accounting for nearly 40 percent of total sales in the first quarter. What's more, some argue that Google is not overvalued, since it continues to trade at a discount to its top rival, Yahoo. However, this gap has narrowed significantly as of late. Google's price-to-earnings ratio, based on 2005 earnings estimates, is 58. Yahoo trades at 61.5 times earnings estimates for this year. "Google is not an undiscovered stock any more," said Tinker. "It's no longer inefficiently priced." And Google also potentially faces the issue of the summer sluggishness that typically affects Internet stocks. Last year, shares of several Internet companies plunged in July as results did not live up to lofty expectations. Silly sentences • Children make delicious snacks • Stolen painting found by tree • I saw the Grand Canyon flying to New York • Court to try shooting defendant • Ban on nude dancing on Governor's desk • Red tape holds up new bridges • Iraqi head seeks arms • Blair wins on budget, more lies ahead • Local high school dropouts cut in half • Hospitals are sued by seven foot doctors • In America a woman has a baby every 15 minutes. How does she do that? Main problems in language • Novel words and usages – Blogs, little "r" me,7342.67 – Spam as verb, email • Inconsistencies – Beverly Hills, Beverly Sills – junior college, college junior – pet spray, pet llama • Parsing problems – Cup holder – Federal Reserve Board Chairman • Implicature/reasoning • World knowledge • Subjectivity, scoping, negation Types of ambiguity • Morphological: Joe is quite impossible. Joe is quite important. • Phonetic: Joe's finger got number. • Part of speech: Joe won the first round. • Syntactic: Call Joe a taxi. • Pp attachment: Joe ate pizza with a fork. Joe ate pizza with meatballs. Joe ate pizza with Mike. Joe ate pizza with pleasure. • Sense: Joe took the bar exam. • Modality: Joe may win the lottery. • Subjectivity: Joe believes that stocks will rise. • Scoping: Joe likes ripe apples and pears. • Negation: Joe likes his pizza with no cheese and tomatoes. • Referential: Joe yelled at Mike. He had broken the bike. Joe yelled at Mike. He was angry at him. • Reflexive: John bought him a present. John bought himself a present. • Ellipsis and parallelism: Joe gave Mike a beer and Jeremy a glass of wine. • Metonymy: Boston called and left a message for Joe. Synonyms/paraphrases The S&P 500 climbed 6.93, or 0.56 percent, to 1,243.72, its best close since June 12, 2001. The Nasdaq gained 12.22, or 0.56 percent, to 2,198.44 for its best showing since June 8, 2001. The DJIA rose 68.46, or 0.64 percent, to 10,705.55, its highest level since March 15. What is Natural Language Processing • Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the study of the computational treatment of natural language. • NLP draws on research in Linguistics, Theoretical Computer Science, Mathematics and Statistics, Artificial Intelligence, Psychology, etc. • Information extraction NLP • Named entity recognition • Trend analysis • Subjectivity analysis • Text classification • Anaphora resolution, alias resolution • Cross-document crossreference • Parsing • Semantic analysis • Word sense disambiguation • Word clustering • Question answering • Summarization • Document retrieval (filtering, routing) • Structured text (relational tables) • Paraphrasing and paraphrasing/entailment ID • Text generation • Machine translation What is needed: (1) linguistic knowledge • Examples: – Zipf's law: rank(wi)*freq(wi) = const – Collocations: • Strong beer but *powerful beer • Big sister but *large sister • Stocks rise but ?stocks ascend (225,000 hits on Google vs. 47 hits) – Constituents: • Children eat pizza. • They eat pizza. • My cousin's neighbor's children eat pizza. • _ Eat pizza! – Burstiness • P(ct=2|ct>=1) • How to get it: – Manual rules – Automatically acquired from large text collections (corpora) Linguistics • Knowledge about language: – Phonetics and phonology - the study of sounds – Morphology - the study of word components – Syntax - the study of sentence and phrase structure – Lexical semantics - the study of the meanings of words – Compositional semantics - how to combine words – Pragmatics - how to accomplish goals – Discourse conventions - how to deal with units larger than utterances What is needed: (2) mathematical and computational tools • Language models • Estimation methods • Hidden Markov Models (HMM): for sequences • Context-free grammars (CFG): for trees • Conditional Random Fields (CRF) • Generative/discriminative models • Maximum entropy models • Random walks • Latent semantic indexing (LSI) • + Representation issues • + Feature engineering Theoretical Computer Science • Automata – Deterministic and non-deterministic finite-state automata – Push-down automata • Grammars – Regular grammars – Context-free grammars – Context-sensitive grammars • Complexity • Algorithms – Dynamic programming Mathematics and Statistics • Probabilities • Statistical models • Hypothesis testing • Linear algebra • Optimization • Numerical methods Artificial Intelligence • Logic – First-order logic – Predicate calculus • Agents – Speech acts • Planning • Constraint satisfaction • Machine learning Existing applications • Web search • Natural language interfaces to databases • Parsing job postings • Military intelligence • Summarizing medical records • Information extraction for databases • Wrapper induction Potential applications • Trend recognition • Db conversion + named entity extraction + classification + relation extraction • Detecting change • Summarization • Social network analysis • Assigning subjectivity scores (stars) • Sentiment classification • Alignment of text w/ other signal (time series) • Record linkage Current work at CLAIR • Semi-supervised entity and relation extraction • Subjectivity analysis + factuality extraction • Protein interaction recognition • Text summarization • Text mining from the Web • Lexical network models of the Web • Syntactic alignment • Chronology recovery • Classification Final remarks • Language is not adversarial • It is used to convey useful information • Hard to extract this information automatically • Need to use NLP – Inference: mathematics, statistics, machine learning – Networks/fields – Graph theory – Differential equaitions – Statistics/optimization – Linguistics/KR/AI – Sequence alignment – Linear algebra/vector analysis Ambiguity I saw her fall. • The categories of knowledge of language can be thought of as ambiguity-resolving components • How many different interpretations does the above sentence have? • How can each ambiguous piece be resolved? • Does speech input make the sentence even more ambiguous? Time flies like an arrow. The alphabet soup (NLP vs. CL vs. SP vs. HLT vs. NLE) • NLP (Natural Language Processing) • CL (Computational Linguistics) • SP (Speech Processing) • HLT (Human Language Technology) • NLE (Natural Language Engineering) • Other areas of research: Speech and Text Generation, Speech and Text Understanding, Information Extraction, Information Retrieval, Dialogue Processing, Inference • Related areas: Spelling Correction, Grammar Correction, Text Summarization Some demos • AT&T Labs Text to Speech (http://www.research.att.com/projects/tts/demo.html) • Babelfish (http://babelfish.altavista.com) • OneAcross (http://www.oneacross.com) • AskJeeves (http://www.ask.com) • IONaut (http://www.ionaut.com:8400) – seems to be down • NSIR (http://tangra.si.umich.edu/clair/NSIR/html/nsir.cgi) • AnswerBus (http://www.answerbus.com) • NewsInEssence (http://www.newsinessence.com) The Turing Test • Alan Turing: the Turing test (language as test for intelligence) • Three participants: a computer and two humans (one is an interrogator) • Interrogator's goal: to tell the machine and human apart • Machine's goal: to fool the interrogator into believing that a person is responding • Other human's goal: to help the interrogator reach his goal Q: Please write me a sonnet on the topic of the Forth Bridge. A: Count me out on this one. I never could write poetry. Q: Add 34957 to 70764. A: 105621 (after a pause) Some brief history • Foundational insights (40's and 50's): automaton (Turing), probabilities, information theory (Shannon), formal languages (Backus and Naur), noisy channel and decoding (Shannon), first systems (Davis et al., Bell Labs) • Two camps (57-70): symbolic and stochastic. Transformation grammar (Harris, Chomsky), artificial intelligence (Minsky, McCarthy, Shannon, Rochester), automated theorem proving and problem solving (Newell and Simon) Bayesian reasoning (Mosteller and Wallace) Corpus work (Kučera and Francis) Some brief history • Four paradigms (70-83): stochastic (IBM), logic- based (Colmerauer, Pereira and Warren, Kay, Bresnan), nlu (Winograd, Schank, Fillmore), discourse modelling (Grosz and Sidner) • Empiricism and finite-state models redux (83-93): Kaplan and Kay (phonology and morphology), Church (syntax) • Late years (94-03): strong integration of different techniques, different areas (including speech and IR), probabilistic models, machine learning The state of the art and the near- term future • World-Wide Web (WWW) • Sample scenarios: – generate weather reports in two languages – teaching deaf people to speak – translate Web pages into different languages – speak to your appliances – find restaurants – answer questions – grade essays (?) – closed-captioning in many languages – automatic description of a soccer game Structure of the course • Three major parts: – Linguistic, mathematical, and computational background – Computational models of morphology, syntax, semantics, discourse, pragmatics – Applications: text generation, machine translation, information extraction, etc. • Three major goals: – Learn the basic principles and theoretical issues underlying natural language processing – Learn techniques and tools used to develop practical, robust systems that can communicate with users in one or more languages – Gain insight into many open research problems in natural language Readings • Speech and Language Processing (Daniel Jurafsky and James Martin) Prentice-Hall, 2000 ISBN: 0-13-095069-6 • Handouts given in class • 1-2 chapters per week Optional readings: Natural Language Understanding by Allen Foundations of Statistical Natural Language Processing by Manning and Schütze. Grading • Four homework assignments (40%) • Midterm (15%) • Final project (20%) • Final exam (25%) • Additional requirements for SI761 Assignments • (subject to change) – Finite-state modeling, part of speech tagging, and information extraction • Fsmtools/lextools/JMX (Bell Labs, Penn) – Tagging and parsing • Brill tagger/Charniak parser (JHU, Brown) – Machine translation • GIZA++/Rewrite decoder (Aachen, JHU, ISI) – Text generation • FUF/Surge (Columbia) Syllabus Introduction (JM1) Linguistic Fundamentals Regular Expressions and Automata (JM2) Morphology and Finite-State Transducers (JM3) Word Classes and Part of Speech Tagging (JM8) Context-Free Grammars for English (JM9) Parsing with Context-Free Grammars (JM10) Features and Unification (JM11) Lexicalized and Probabilistic Parsing (JM12) Natural Language Generation (JM20) (Cont'd) The Functional Unification Formalism (Handout) Language and Complexity (JM13) Representing Meaning (JM14) Semantic Analysis (JM15) Discourse (JM18) Rhetorical Analysis (Handout) Dialogue and Conversational Agents (JM19) Other meetings • CLAIR meeting (TBA) • Artificial Intelligence Seminar (Tuesdays 4-5:30) • STIET (Thursdays 4-5:30) Projects Each student will be responsible for designing and completing a research project that demonstrates the ability to use concepts from the class in addressing a practical problem. A significant part of the final grade will depend on the project assignment. Students can elect to do a project on an assigned topic, or to select a topic of their own. The final version of the project will be put on the World Wide Web, and will be defended in front of the class at the end of the semester (procedure TBA). In some cases (and only with instructor's approval), students may be allowed to work in pairs when the project's scope is significant. Sample projects • Noun phrase parser • Text summarization • Paraphrase identification • Sentence compression • Question answering • Definition extraction • NL access to databases • Crossword puzzle generation • Named entity tagging • Prepositional phrase attachment • Rhetorical parsing • Machine translation • Anaphora resolution, entity • Generation crossreference • Semi-structured document • Document and sentence parsing alignment • Semantic analysis of short • Using bioinformatics methods queries • Encyclopedia • User-friendly summarization • Information extraction • Number classification • Speech processing • Domain-specific PP attachment • Sentence normalization • Time-dependent fact extraction Main research forums and other pointers • Conferences: ACL/NAACL, SIGIR, AAAI/IJCAI, ANLP, Coling, HLT, EACL/NAACL, AMTA/MT Summit, ICSLP/Eurospeech • Journals: Computational Linguistics, Natural Language Engineering, Information Retrieval, Information Processing and Management, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, ACM TALIP, ACM TSLP • University centers: Columbia, CMU, JHU, Brown, UMass, MIT, UPenn, USC/ISI, NMSU, Michigan, Maryland, Edinburgh, Cambridge, Saarland, Sheffield, and many others • Industrial research sites: IBM, SRI, BBN, MITRE, MSR, (AT&T, Bell Labs, PARC) • Startups: Language Weaver, Ask.com, LCC • The Anthology: http://www.aclweb.org/anthology What this course is NOT • EECS 597 / LING 792 / SI 661 "Language and Information", last taught in Winter 2005, essentially an introduction to corpus-based and statistical NLP. – Topics covered: introduction to computational linguistics, information theory, data compression and coding, N-gram models, clustering, lexicography, collocations, text summarization, information extraction, question answering, word sense disambiguation, analysis of style, and other topics . • SI 760 "Information Retrieval", last taught Winter 2005. – Topics covered: information need, IR models, documents, queries, query languages, relevance, retrieval evaluation, reference collections, query expansion and relevance feedback, indexing and searching, XML retrieval, language modeling approaches, crawling the Web, hyperlink analysis, measuring the Web, similarity and clustering, social network analysis for IR, hubs and authorities, PageRank and HITS, focused crawling, relevance transfer, question answering • The new advanced NLP/IR course, to be offered Winter 2006. • An undergraduate Linguistics course such as Ling 212 "Intro to the Symbolic Analysis of Language" or Ling 320 "Programming for Linguistics and Language Studies" Other sites • Johns Hopkins University (Jason Eisner) http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~jason/465/ • Cornell University (Lillian Lee) http://courses.cs.cornell.edu/cs674/2002SP/ • Stanford University (Chris Manning) http://www.stanford.edu/class/cs224n/ • JHU Summer workshop http://www.clsp.jhu.edu/ws2003/calendar/preliminary.shtml Readings • J&M Chapters 1, 2 • "What is Computational Linguistics" by Hans Uszkoreit http://www.coli.uni-sb.de/~hansu/what_is_cl.html • Lecture notes #1


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Measurement of the trapping efficiency of an elliptical optical trap with rigid and elastic objects |
Applied Optics, Vol. 51, Issue 23, pp. 5705-5712 (2012)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (328 KB)
Optical tweezers and their various modifications offer a sophisticated way to perform noncontact cell manipulation. In this paper, we quantify forces existing in an elliptical trap formed by two cylindrical lenses and compare the results with a point optical trap case. The trapping efficiency of point and elliptical traps was analyzed by measuring the
© 2012 Optical Society of America
OCIS Codes
(120.4820) Instrumentation, measurement, and metrology : Optical systems
(350.4855) Other areas of optics : Optical tweezers or optical manipulation
ToC Category:
Optical Tweezers or Optical Manipulation
Original Manuscript: April 27, 2012
Revised Manuscript: June 30, 2012
Manuscript Accepted: July 6, 2012
Published: August 8, 2012
Virtual Issues
Vol. 7, Iss. 10 Virtual Journal for Biomedical Optics
Antti Kauppila, Matti Kinnunen, Artashes Karmenyan, and Risto Myllylä, "Measurement of the trapping efficiency of an elliptical optical trap with rigid and elastic objects," Appl. Opt. 51, 5705-5712 (2012)
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- J. He, A. Karlsson, J. Swartling, and S. Andersson-Engels, "Light scattering by multiple red blood cells," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 21, 1953–1961 (2004). [CrossRef]
- R. M. P. Doornbos, M. Schaeffer, A. G. Hoekstra, P. M. A. Sloot, B. G. de Groot, and J. Greve, "Elastic light-scattering measurements of single biological cells in an optical trap," Appl. Opt. 35, 729–734 (1996). [CrossRef]
- D. Watson, N. Hagen, J. Diver, P. Marchand, and M. Chachisvilis, "Elastic light scattering from single cells: orientational dynamics in optical trap," Biophys J. 87, 1298–1306(2004). [CrossRef]
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- K. C. Neuman and S. M. Block, "Optical trapping," Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2787–2809 (2004). [CrossRef]
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- W. R. Platt, Color Atlas and Textbook of Hematology (Pitman Medical Publishing Co, 1969).
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2010 SEAT Leon • 21,000 miles
Intermittent engine hesitation / misfiring problems since 2011, causing actual breakdown only once sometimes causing EPC light to flicker. Dealer has investigated over total of 10 weeks but still not have identified actual cause. Compression tested, changed spark plugs - (2 were brown/2 were white?), Reloaded software. In Sept took fuel sample, contains 0.4% water, all else clear. Without knowing what fault is, dealer saying this is cause and saying liability is mine.
October 31, 2012.
October 31, 2012.
Check out the related content below while we wait for the question to be answered by a professional mechanic.


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Does Jesus Luz Ruin the Fall 2009 Dolce & Gabbana Campaign?
He looks a tad strange — but does it matter?
READ MORE »He looks a tad strange — but does it matter?
READ MORE »Not that they plan to do anything about it.
READ MORE »And, Eva Herzigova wore another see-through dress! See these and more looks from Cannes.
READ MORE »Was the makeup just right or a touch heavy-handed?
READ MORE »Mario Testino captures lady models doing everything but swimming, and much more than simply writhing on a patch of damp sand.
READ MORE »And who strips down for the new D&G fragrance campaign?
READ MORE »Why, of course you do. See that and more male-model hotness from 'V' magazine's summer-swim issue.
READ MORE »Well, there's actually a slight chance they had a tiny bit of makeup on.
READ MORE »Your big chance to be on Lifetime is here.
READ MORE »It may very well be the worst comic ever, but it contains this amazing word bubble.
READ MORE »Also, Victoria Beckham pontificates on the current economic climate, and Forever 21 plans giant new Times Square store.
READ MORE »The last decade or so has been filled with near-naked celebs posing for the camera. What better way to celebrate Posh's new Armani deal than by ogling a few of them.
READ MORE »The new fall issue devotes each of its fourteen different covers to a model, and we've got pictures of all of them.
READ MORE »A lot of designers are putting nineties-era supermodels in their fall campaigns instead of actresses.
READ MORE »Also, 'Purple' magazine is opening a New York office, Noelle Reno is leaving her label Degrees of Freedom, and Anna Wintour might have inspired a watch line.
READ MORE »We're cutting off short today for the three-day weekend, but don't fret! Operations will resume as usual on Tuesday.
READ MORE »Cannes Film Festival rages on, which means there are oodles of fabulous and hideous dresses for us to blather about. And blather we shall.
READ MORE »SJP's wears a garden on her head, Heatherette stays together, and Leigh Lezark signs with IMG.
READ MORE »We caught up with BriWi at Time magazine's big gala last night.
READ MORE »Obama Girl addressed a class on the American presidency at the Ivy League school yesterday, and some students were a wee bit irked.


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I'm a newly single guy living in New York City. I was in the market for a inexpensive couch so I gave this one a try. The previous reviews seemed positive (at the time of my purchase) so I took the plunge. First, the distributor of the couch drug their feet over 4 weeks to ship the couch. Overstock's customer service are apt and show initiative in solving problems, however, this review isn't for the service. When the couch arrived is was bound together, shipped in one make-shift box. It looked like it had been through hell. I got the couch into my apartment and started to unwrap it. Right away I was pleased with the color but immediately could tell the the fabric was trash. By the time that I got it put together it looked like a couch that'd been used for months. PUTTING IT TOGETHER The packaging came with all the necessary nuts & bolts required to put the couch together, that was a plus. However, from the first bolt to the last screw it was a total pain to assemble. The side arms are connected to the bulk of the couch by these metal inserts. (i.e. insert tab A into slot B) The right side arm was fine and slid perfectly into place securely. The left however came bent and was nearly impossible to get into it's slot. It took me 40 minutes of beating the crap out of it to get it finally in place. Luckily the arms also bolt in, only slightly tightening them LIVING WITH IT The cushions are held in by velcro. The couch makes the most obnoxious sounds when you sit down on it or adjust your position. The cushions themselves don't hold their shape for very long. After about a month you could very plainly see the most popular areas of the couch. They do not bounce back and after a couple months of being used everyday it's become pretty uncomfortable. The arms are only cushioned on top and the corners are sharp, bare wood. Using the arms as a cushion to lay on is NOT an option. The fabric is...gross to the touch. It's a strange, cheap micro fiber that attracts literally EVERY piece of dirt and hair in my small studio apartment. It's CONSTANTLY dirty and the fabric doesn't vacuum well. It's my fault for buying this couch site unseen and I can't say that this is the last time I'll buy from Overstock but it's definitely the last time I'll buy a couch without testing it first. Take it from me you're better off not buying this couch!!
this couch is a beautiful color of red, although if you are looking for comfort??!!! don't waste your money!!!!! i wish i would"ve checked it out more when the delivery guys were here, i"m sure it would"ve went back!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! would love to have my $ back to get something with more comfort! (plus when they arrived, the box it came in was in shambles, i actually helped them carry it in the house...piece, by piece...no box left!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
I just recently purchased this sofa. It looked just like the picture, until we sat on it. Within 2 weeks after deliverly, the cushions were "worn" looking with flattened areas all along the edges. The sofa seems to be sloped towards the front so that when lying on it, you feel as though you may fall off. The only plus is the color seems true to the pictures and the size is what I was looking for; otherwise I feel that it was a mistake.
First sofa delivered was returned due to damage. Second sofa delivered without damage but box was damaged, almost sent it back. Material is chintzy, frame is not made well. Design is great, footrest nice to have and can be moved to where you use it most. Sofa size is good for small apartment. Overstock staff very helpful when contacted regarding delivery problems and damage. I expect this sofa to last maybe one year with minimal use. Not my best buy at Overstock....probably my worst.
I have now been enjoying my sectional sofa for about 2 months now. I must say it is a great buy !!!! Its is sofat and comfortable. The dogs love to climb up on it with me and watch a little TV at night. with the reversible ottoman it will fit in any room I have and the price, its the best I have seen yet.
I love my sofa. It is not for the person who wants a supersoft sofa I like that it is firmer. Good for my back, and very comfortsble
In about a year the cushions would not return to the unsquished shape. Because there is velcro to hold them in place, you cannot turn them over and get more even wear. The legs are plastic. There were no springs just cross webbing of a material that stretches and makes you feel like you are sitting in a hole. The whole couch went into the trash in May 2013, which means this couch was worthless in 2.5 years! If it cost half what it did, it might be okay, but for $***, this was a total and blatant ripoff!!!!!
Three years ago, I moved to a new city with nothing but a couple of suitcases. With what savings I had, I bought this couch (when it was hovering around the $400 price point). I have been paying for that mistake ever since. First, the couch came to me with weird oil stains on the arms. Overstock.com was kind enough to give me a small discount after providing photo evidence, but still: annoying. After a month or two of use, I found the couch to be generally uncomfortable, and the microfiber material was a magnet for stains and pet hair. Still, it was such a great value, I reasoned, I might as well throw some pillows and blankets on it and tough it out. Then, about six months into the couch's life, the base of the couch broke in the middle and sagged to the ground. I found this quite surprising, since I'm a petite lady and don't go throwing myself around on furniture. I flipped the couch to check it out, and sure enough, the wood hadn't snapped -- it had simply come apart at a joint. The poorly secured nails had pulled right out of the cheap, soft wood. Efforts to rectify this with Gorilla Glue and the like were for nought. I ended up just shoving some books under the broken part to prop it up. Now I'm moving in with my boyfriend, who has a lovely couch, and I'm finally free of this monstrosity! Learn from my mistakes, friends. This level of discomfort and annoyance is not worth any price; trust me, you can do better!
the legs are plastic the felt underneath is falling off... not worth $653 but afraid the cost to return the sofa will be too costly.
Bought this for our game room. It is not very comfortable plus it's already broken. :/
Leaves our warehouse in 1-10 business days. *
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go ahead... be a heretic | |
PerlMonks |
Re: Help with attempting to solve cutting stock problem (knapsack)by markov (Scribe) |
on Jan 16, 2004 at 16:51 UTC ( #321827=note: print w/ replies, xml ) | Need Help?? |
Although Abigail is correct (NP complete problems like this one have no efficient solutions for large sets of data), you still can create software which runs it fast. At least there are two ways to improve it:
In Section
Seekers of Perl Wisdom


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No, you are incorrect on one pointSubmitted by Challengetheworld (not verified) on Thu, 05/10/2012 - 11:51am.
Yes, there is no common law marriage in North Carolina BUT there is a co-habitation law still on the books. It cost a Pender County Employee her job a few years ago. It is rarely inforced but it is among many old south, backwards, let me control the people, anti-constituion of the US, NC Bible bred laws. Instead of repealing them like the state should, we just added another ONE! »
Reply |


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Hail Future Explorer and Well Met! This is our home for keeping in touch with each other. Contact your kinmates thru mail, chat room, or give them a quick shout. We'll try to keep you updated on whats going on in the kinship with News updates, the events calendar, and forums discussing possible ideas and future planned adventures.
Every member has access to the calendar so anyone can feel free to set up an event that you can host or sponsor
The forums are yours to post opinions, ideas, issues, strategies. Use them well. If you don't like posting, just stop by now and again to read up.
The library is full of useful information. We have member written guides and really great links to many sites. It's also our media page for posting videos, music, and photos. This site is yours so have fun with it!! Anyone looking for a kinship to join, our application is just below here and you'll find our general information on the 'About Us' page.


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Stochastic, for those who don't use the term in everyday conversation, means "something that's random yet not entirely directionless," while aleatoric is defined as "pertaining to luck." But even though BT possesses an extremely scientific mind with a vocabulary to match he also has a common touch. Consider that his favorite type of circuit-bending involves electronic playthings borrowed from his infant daughter, Kaia. The gadgets that were "creatively broken" for This Binary Universe, a recently released two-disc set, include a robot-impersonating megaphone, a Speak & Spell, and a LeapFrog LittleTouch pad "that sounds like fucking Autechre when it crashes," he enthuses.
BT and a couple of partners spent more than two years building Break Tweaker, a surround-sound drum machine for Universe. He says the device is "capable of operating on practically a molecular level literally 2048th notes that wind down logarithmically to 256th notes over a single bar." Likewise it took him six months to complete "All That Makes Us Human Continues," which he wrote entirely in computer code. Yet despite their interior complexity, cuts such as the sentimental "Good Morning Kaia" are designed to connect with listeners on an emotional level. In BT's words: "None of this shit matters if it doesn't make people feel something."


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San Jose 95135, CA, United States1 month ago on chooseyouritem.com
For sale $27,500plymouth purple 1948 sedan
He Loved his Hot Rod.Custom all Mopar resto-mod. Must sell for deceased owner. Engine-360cu in. with Mopar Performance Purple Shaft- Modified Mopar 727 Trans.- Chrysler torsion bar clip on front end. Mopar 8 3/4-3.56:1rear end-. Vintage A/C.-Front disc brakes-10 Disc cd changer- 16x7 front Center Line and 16x8 Rear ...
Warrensburg 12885, NY, United States1 month ago on claz.org
For sale $15,999plymouth white 1948 convertible
Want a 40's Convertible that's more fun than a Friday night with your favorite girl when you were 17. Well this is it. A quick walk around will show you all the sparkling chrome that's been replaced, Accessory Grille guard, rare swan neck cowl mirrors, as well as the New Wide white wall tires. Open the ...
Weatherford 76088, TX, United States1 month ago on trucks2cars.com
For sale $3,600plymouth 1948 coupe
Plymouth : Other Club Coupe 1948 plymouth special deluxe club coupe
Oceanside 92054, CA, United States1 month ago on road2autos.com
For saleplymouth 1948 0mi van
Purchase this beautiful 1948 plymouth special located near Oceanside ca.
1948 plymouth
:plymouth oceanside ca
Charlotte 28269, NC, United States1 week ago on greatvehicles.com
For sale $18,995plymouth silver 1948 coupe
A friend of mine, who is 93 years old, has owned all the greatest cars of the world: Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost, Mercedes ssk, Alfa-Romeo, Packard, and even ...Plymouths are pretty darned good, too!' No he wasn't joking and he is 100% right. This 1948 Plymouth Deluxe business coupe is just the right kind of ... ...
Fargo 58126, ND, United States1 month ago on craigslist.org
For sale $2,500plymouth black 1948 coupe
1948 Plymouth . Perfect for rat / street rod. Nice straight frame and body. Interior is gutted . Engine is flathead 6. Sold with a bill of sale. Serious inquiries only. Located in Great Bend, just off I 29
1948 plymouth
:plymouth greater
Clayton 94517, CA, United States4 weeks ago on sellswell.us
For saledodge 1948 coupe
I purchase Plymouth Dodge desoto,Chrysler coupes,wagons,convertibles. Prefer clean running,driving cars, no projects. Cash paid upon agreed price. Please have a full array of photos to Email and be prepared to discuss strengths and weaknesses of you car. Cars pictured here have been acquired through Craigslist.
1948 plymouth
:1956 plymouth
Golden Valley 86413, AZ, United States1 week ago on trucks2cars.com
For sale $200plymouth 1948 coupe
Plymouth : Other P15 1948 plymouth p 15 all original arizona rust free car
Kinston 28501, NC, United States1 week ago on tradenetclassics.com
For sale $10,000plymouth burgundy 1948 3mi sedan
1948 Plymouth 4 door Delux in Showroom Condition and All Original 10000.00 or best offer Burgundy Sangria Color With Graphite Gray Plush Interior Sun visor spotlight on drivers side 70045 actual all original miles 3 on the tree shifter manual transmission 6 cylinder flat head Suicide Doors Every detail as it should be Sharp and Clean and Completely ...
1948 plymouth
:plymouth kinston nc
Roseland 70456, LA, United States1 week ago on carsellersusa.com
For sale $18,500plymouth black 1948 54,680mi
1948 Plymouth 2 Door, 6 Cylinder, Manual transmission, 54680 miles, Exterior: Black, Interior: Red, am/fm Radio, Garage Kept, Non Smoker All original, runs great and have all original documentation. New tires. Bonnie and Clyde rumored to have passed on purchasing this car because it stood out in a crowd. Selling do to illness. 3rd owner. Must see! Asking $...
Oklahoma City OK, United States2 weeks ago on spreadmyad.com
For sale $3,500plymouth 1948
I am finally listing my 1948 Plymouth project. I have owned this car for more than 15 years, and have not had the time or money (at the same time) to finish what was started. It has unfortunately sat outside for a while. The entire car is now surface rust. Thankfully no cancerous rust. The top has been chopped. ...
1948 plymouth
:plymouth oklahoma city ok
Post Falls ID, United States3 weeks ago on craigslist.org
For sale $12,000plymouth red 1948 coupe
Beautiful 1948 Plymouth Coupe. This car was restored in late 70s and was owned by the same person (second owner) since than. It comes with a Fulton Visor and Dual Spotlights. radio works! The car is Rust Free and in very good condition mechanically and otherwise. The paint looks very good, the engine is a straight six with overdrive. ...
1948 plymouth
:plymouth post falls id
Grass Valley CA, United States1 month ago on autabuy.com
For sale $348plymouth blue 1948 5,000mi coupe
1948 Plymouth Special Deluxe. This 1948 Plymouth Special Deluxe Club Coupe is a beautiful dark Blue with - Custom Purple and Silver ghost flames emanating from the Plymouth chrome- Badge on the front of the hood under that hood is a V8 cylinder engine with- An automatic transmission the classic coupe has been completely restored- And this is a fantastic ...
Grass Valley 95945, CA, United States1 week ago on tradenetclassics.com
For sale $18,500plymouth blue 1948 5,000mi coupe
1948 Plymouth Special Deluxe This 1948 Plymouth Special Deluxe Club Coupe is a beautiful dark Blue with Custom Purple and Silver ghost flames emanating from the Plymouth chrome Badge on the front of the hood under that hood is a V8 cylinder engine with An automatic transmission the classic coupe has been completely restored And this is a fantastic ...
Ocean View 19970, DE, United States1 week ago on carsellersusa.com
For sale $7,500plymouth red 1948 105,000mi
1948 Plymouth Special Deluxe, 105,000 miles, Exterior: Red, Interior: Beige, Asking $7,500. Located in ocean view de 19970, Contact Carolyn at ... for more information. This For Sale by Owner Listing was provided by carsellersusa, a division of National Marketing Classifieds - nmsell
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9530 Roundstone Circle
Almost all errands require a car.
Score Details
9530 Roundstone Circle has a Walk Score of 5 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
This location is in Fort Myers.
The closest school is San Carlos Park Elementary School.
The closest grocery stores are Your Food Fairies and Winn-Dixie.
Nearby coffee shops include The Rush Coffee & Tea Shop, Starbucks and Fresh Planet Cafe. Nearby restaurants include Red Robin Gourmet Burgers, Bar Louie Gulf Coast and Red Robin Gourmet Burgers.
9530 Roundstone Circle is near Sam Fleishman Regional Sports Complex, Trail Head Park and Winkler Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 9530 Roundstone Circle.
View all Fort Myers apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include pool, fitness and single family.
This location is in the city of Fort Myers, FL. Fort Myers has an average Walk Score of 36 and has 62,298 residents.


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Lyrics K Artists/Bands Kc And The Sunshine Band Songs Give It Up Lyrics |
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Posted by: HiBob on Sep-28-12 8:06 AM (EST)
If you bought a fishing oriented kayak are you around the rocks in the ocean to fish? If you are then you should now understand why SOT kayaks are used. You can secure your fishing gear and the entire boat is one big sealed float. If you get dumped you turn the boat back over and climb back on top.
You were luck to be close to shore.
Dry Bags | Kayak Motor Kit | Recreational Kayak Paddle | Deck Rigging Gear |
Table of Contents |


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OkCupid.com: Free Online Dating
"The Google ofonline dating"
— The Boston Globe
"The bestfree dating site"
— About.com
"A favorite hangoutfor internet goers"
— The Village Voice
"Pretty legit"
— Some guy on Yelp
Hi! And welcome to my test. I'll be testing your knowledge of Barack Obama and maybe even this small little test will change your mind about him so you vote conservative!
Barack Obama has done nothing to qualify himself to be President of the United States. The only political thing he has even done is sit on the senate, and vote like everyone else, most times voting "Present", as in "he has no stand on the issue, but he was there".
What do you think about Barack Obama thinking there are 57 states in the United States of America?
There are 57 states in America..
Everyone makes mistakes.
He is a moron and not even knowing how many states there are shows how he isnt presidential material.
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TD-Complete Submission
What to expect when you're expecting (an acceptance letter)
4.18 / 5.00 3,456 ViewsOk, first thing, there seems to be a bug in the movie for MAC viewers. I have no idea how to fix it, so... SORRY! It seems to be working fine in Wind'oh.
Second thing, if you get a bug during the preloader, let it all load, right-click and rewind.
Turd, mmh, I dunno. Thanks to Kagome, Rina Hidachi, Serge-em and Ice Wolf. The first voice is done by me.
That's about it.
Love your series!
Just to let you know, if you say it in English it's me*ch*a, you change the "ch" sound into a "k" sound. But you say mecha with the "ch" sound in Japanese. I love Miss Dynamite!
P.S. Why did you change Eva's voice with Kagome's? I like her old voice better!
P.S.S. Sry that I can't go to the convention! I was in Canada 2 weeks ago for vacation. Now I'm back in the US. Damn!


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Pac-12 Football Facilities: Ranking Best to Worst
The facilities arms race among the top college football programs is constantly on-going as each school tries to one-up each other with better stadium upgrades and new athletic buildings.
The same can be said for the Pac-12 football facilities as each member is using their new conference money for upgrades and improvements to their stadiums and other athletic digs.
My judging is based off of 1)Current stadium and facilities and 2)Proposed upgrades and improvements then 3)Bells and whistles. I have made it to most of the school's in the conference but have not been to every stadium or seen every facility in person, so forgive me if I miss something or undervalue your favorite team's buildings.
Here's my impressions from afar:
Oregon: With the help of Phil Knight and all of the Nike backing, Oregon's facilities are the best in the conference and amongst the best in the entire country. Autzen stadium is impressive and creates a very tough environment for opposing teams to play in when it's filled, which is every Saturday these days. Their locker room looks more like a country club and they also plan on building a new football operations building that should be top notch.
USC: The Coliseum is the biggest stadium in the conference and probably the most famous too. For a school like USC, which has been one of the best teams in the last decade, they had been lacking in the fancy athletic facilities. Not for long though, the new McKay Center will be one of the new gems in the conference and will be a huge boost to their already strong recruiting tools.
California: Cal's Memorial Stadium just went through major upgrades that is set top open later this fall and it will be a sight to see. The stadium location has always been ideal and now with a newly renovated gem on the property it makes it even more appealing. Now that this upgrade has been finished, it marks a huge improvement for Cal that has vaulted it near the top of the ladder in the facilities race.
Washington: Like Cal, they are in the midst of upgrading their ancient Husky Stadium and will debut the new look this fall. They have upgraded other facilities up to this point but now that they've finally upgraded the stadium it puts them near the top of the conference in amenities. It goes without saying that their stadium is also located in one of the best locations in the country, right off of Washington Lake, which also includes a view of the Cascade Mountains.
UCLA: I have them here solely based on the Rose Bowl. It is one of the famous stadiums in the conference and with the renovations they have planned to it, it will be even better. As far as the rest of the facilities, they could use some upgrades especially to their practice field which is only 80 yards long….Alright then.
Stanford: They have strong facilities all around and with their recently finished renovation of their stadium in 2006 they have a foothold near the top half of the conference in the arms race.
Colorado: One of the new members to the conference, Colorado is already behind in top notch facilities. They are working on it right now by upgrading their scoreboards at Folsom Field, which were decrepit and falling apart last season. A possible indoor practice facility, besides their current practice bubble, is being talked about and could come to fruition. They also are planning on major upgrades to Folsom that will expand the capacity to over 60,000 and add a new athletic building replacing Dal Ward. I saw a rendition of the proposed upgrades and snapped a photo of what it will look like during a press conference this past Spring:
Utah: Their stadium is decent and with the addition of a much needed new football building they will bolster their standing in the rest of the conference.
Arizona State: Keeping up with the trend with the rest of the conference, ASU has a new stadium renovation proposal that will begin within the next few seasons. More details on the upgrades here but for now they are near the bottom of the conference in facilities. Nothing wows you but if they can receive all the funding for their new stadium, it will boost them to the top half of the conference.
Arizona: They have a good stadium and it will receive a bit of a facelift in the North Endzone but the lack of other facilities is why Arizona is this far down the rankings. Zona added better media boxes in the past decade but other than that there has not been too much change since the late 1980′s. Their former coach, Mike Stoops, was pretty blunt in his assessment of their facilities when he left but he just got fired so he was a little spiteful.
Oregon State: They are often overshadowed by their in-state counterpart and it's hard to be compared to Oregon's Nike-stocked facilities. Reser stadium is a quality venue that just added state-of-the-art scoreboards and have installed $115 million worth of upgrades since 2005. The Beavers continue to make improvements and can quickly move up this list with some further upgrades to their athletic facilities besides Reser.
Washington State: Someone has to be at the bottom and for this list it's the Cougars. They don't have sparkling facilities but they have solid amenities that, with the addition of former Oregon renovation leader Bill Moos as athletic director adding bells and whistles, they can quickly move up the rankings. Renovation of Martin Stadium is in the works and that's a step forward.
Think your team got shortchanged? Let us know why you think your team deserves a better spot.
Let the debate begin!
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Big 12 Football Needs Conference Championship
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5 Spring Practice Questions For Temple Football
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Check Members Only tab for dates!!
(view article)
Ashcraft & Gerel are announcing the they are doing once again the Martin E. Derel Memorial Union Schoarship fund for 2015.(view article)
Take a look at this article from the Washington post. The interview was with long time member Tim Reese.(view article)
CCO Test dates posted!!!! Posted Thursday, February 26, 2015
Welcome to the official web page of local 77 of the International Union of Operating Engineers. Local 77 is a labor union that represents skilled equipment operators in the construction industry. Members of local 77 run every type of construction equipment that is in use in the construction industry today.
The objects and purposes of this organization are to elevate the trade of the operating engineers to its proper position in all industrial activity and the ranks of organized workers, and to encourage a higher standard of skill
among our members. We work to cultivate feelings of friendship among the men and women of the craft and those who may employ its members and to organize all persons working in the jurisdiction.
The Local was founded in 1901 and in those days covered most of the mid-Atlantic area. Local 77 now has 1500 members and covers Washington DC, eight counties in Northern Virginia and four counties in Maryland surrounding the District of Columbia.
Local 77 maintains a 170 acre training center in Accoeek Maryland where we provide our members with the latest training, certifications and licensing training that are available. Local 77 maintains a fleet of equipment at our training center where we encourage our members to maintain and gain additional skills.
Local 77 headquarters is located in Suitland, Maryland. Browse through our web site and find out more about Local 77. If you have any question please give us a call at 301-899-6900


text: VOIP ® WOWTEK TECHNOLOGY ATA 201S plus / ATA 202S plus SIP IP ATA for Analog Phone device • Support up to 5 Register Accounts at five SIP Servers • Compatible with ADSL/Cable Modem, WiMax/3G Modem • Suit to end user use with Voice over IP Service Provider • Auto Provision feature • Support PPTP VPN Client ATA 201S plus • WAN and LAN support NAT feature Introduction ATA202S plus and ATA201S plus are two analog phones and one analog phone set SIP device which allow user to make or receive VoIP call through Internet Telephony service provider. This device is suitable for single user for ITSP service provider to install at home or office with affordable ATA 202S plus price and convenience installation. To select freely up to 5 SIP service Accounts ATA is appropriate to use for VoIP Service Providers, IP Centrex service and IP-PBX within offices and remote branch offices. Up to 5 SIP Servers ( or ITSP Service provider or alternative IP-PBX ) can be configured at both ATA201S plus and ATA202S plus simultaneously. You can dial one of five accounts number directly no hassle. Provision is easier than before Auto Provision server software installs at Windows or Linux platform are ATA 201S plus front and view ATA 202S plus front and view supported to manage, configure and configure firmware download remotely to ATA. It is a convenience device for VoIP ITSP Service provider to manage ATA easily. Suit to IP Telephony Service Provider Both ATA201S plus and ATA202S plus are SIP IP device to connect with existing analog telephone set to make IP call. Its compact design and easy installation allow home user or single user to make or receive call just like an legend telephone call but less cost. It is compatible with broadband internet service device such as ADSL/Cable Modem and WiMax/3G Modem. It help ISP provider to provide Telephony service to existing customer without additional cable. It provides fast, easily, cost effective and remotely management feature to migrate from ISP to Telephony ISP service. WAN/RJ-45 Internet ADSL/Cable Modem, Or,WiMax/3G Modem LAN Port Telephony ISP DH CP Server with NAT Analog Telephone set Or. Wire line speed at Bridge mode Specification Interface: • Ethernet port (RJ-45, 10/100 base-T) • IPv4 (RFC 791) - 1-WAN port, connect to IP Network • MAC Address (IEEE 802.3) - 1-LAN port connect to PC with NAT • MAC Clone Setting • DC +12V power input Jack • IP/ICMP/ARP/RARP/SNTP • Reset key to return Factory setting • Static IP • DHCP Client (RFC 2131), WAN port IP Network connection: • DHCP Server, LAN port 80 ATA 201S plus / ATA 202S plus WOWTEK TECHNOLOGY VOIP ® WOWTEK TECHNOLOGY ATA 201S plus / ATA 202S plus • Wire line speed more than 85MB at Bridge mode • Tone Generation: Ring, Ring Back, Dial, Busy, call waiting and • PPPoE congestion tone • DDNS • Out-Band DTMF : RFC2833 and SIP Info • DMZ • Voice Mail with Indication • VLAN : 802.1Q/1P • Speed Dialing • Virtual Server (DHCP Server IP range) • Call Waiting/Switching between Calls • DNS Client • Call Forward (Busy, Unconditional, No Answer) • PPTP VPN Client tunnel 64 bits without compression • DND : Always ON or configurable period • SNTP support Daylight Saving Time (DST) configuration • Call Hold • SNTP with time zone • Call Mute • TCP/UDP (RFC 793/768) • Call Transfer • RTP/RTCP (RFC 1889/1890) • Flexible Dial Plan: Drop and Replace Rule • IPV4 ICMP (RFC 792) • T.38 FAX : Enable or G.711 Codec A-law/u-Law Pass trough Codec • TFTP Client • Alarm Ring Reminder • QoS Support : ToS • 3-way conference call • Music-on-hold support (via IPPBX or local)T SIP Protocol : • Redial • RFC3261 compliance • Hot Line • Support up-to 5 SIP Register Accounts • Support Peer to Peer Dialing • SIP Proxy compatible with brand name : Asterisk and Nortel • Volume Adjustment: Handset Volume (receiver) and Handset Gain • SIP UDP Protocol (Transmitter) selection • Support SIP compact Form • Flash Time Detection: range from 70 to 2550 ms • SIP Session Timer (RFC 4028) • ON-HOOK Voltage -48Vdc • MD5 Digest Authentication (RFC2069/RFC2617) • Support 12/16Khz metering signal or Polarity reversal for Billing • Message Waiting Indication (RFC3842) • Service Up to 1 Kilo-meter distance from ATA to analog telephone • Event Notification (RFC3265) set • REFER (RFC3515) • Global Country Impedance setting • Support Outbound Proxy • CPC Delay : 2 to 5 seconds (Open Loop Disconnect time) • Support DNS SRV to locate SIP Server (RFC 3263) • CPC duration: 10 to 1200ms • Support STUN NAT Traversal • Support "rport" parameter (RFC 3581) MANAGEMENT : • Administrative Telnet CLI and HTTP Audio Codec : • 2 Levels of User Access Right with Password protection • G.711 A-law/μ-law, G.729, iLBC, G.726 • Management from WAN enable or disable • Silence Suppression • Provides System Status Logs • VAD/CNG • Network Status Display : WAN and LAN port Status • Jitter Buffer : Up to 32 packets • Diagnostics (debug through syslog) • LEC : Line Echo Canceller • Configuration Backup/Restore • Packet Loss Compensation • Firmware configurable updated • Automatic Gain Control • Reset to factory Default • In-band/out of band DTMF (RFC4733, RFC2833 / SIP INFO) • Support Auto Provision through MAC address • Adaptive/Configurable Jitter Buffer • Voice configuration from analog telephone set with DTMF tone and • Acoustic Echo Cancellation voice announcement • Speed Dial • ** Support Welltech proprietary encryption protocol at SIP Signal • Phone Book ( up to 140 records ) and Voice codec during transmitting to IP network in order to Anti- • Clock, Call-Duration display ISP block of VoIP call. This feature only be available with Welltech • Call History of Missed, Received and Dialed SIP server or SIPPBX6200 IP-PBX • Dialing Plan with drop, replace, Insert dialing digits • Selectable Call Progress Tone Environmental : • Support Personal Melody Ring • Auto Answer Mode • Dimension: 9.9(H) × 9.9(W) × 3.2(T) CM • Support Specified Line Calling • Weight: 0.35kg (One unit with packing) • Operating Temp. & Humidity - Temp.: 0°C~45°C (32°F~113°F) Call Features : - Humidity: 10%~90% relative humidity, non-condensing • Caller ID display DTMF (before/after 1st ring) and FSK (before • Power Adaptor: 1st ring ) WOWTEK TECHNOLOGY ATA 201S plus / ATA 202S plus 81 VOIP ® WOWTEK TECHNOLOGY ATA 201S plus / ATA 202S plus - INPUT: AC100V~240V, 50/60Hz - OUTPUT: DC 12V Approvals: • CE, FCC, LVD and RoHS Country of origin: • Made in China Packing Accessories: • ATA201S plus or ATA202S plus x 1 pcs • AC to DC+12V Power adaptor x 1 pcs • 1 meter Ethernet cable x 1 pcs • CD User Manual x 1 pcs Warranty: • One year Ordering Information ATA201S plus ATA202S plus Analog Phone 1 line FXS 2 lines FXS Dealer 82 ATA 201S plus / ATA 202S plus WOWTEK TECHNOLOGY


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June 19, 2013 President Obama Speaks to the People of Berlin from the Brandenburg Gate Nearly 50 years to the day after President John Kennedy delivered his historic speech to a city divided by the… more 1
April 11, 2013 Secretary Kerry Attends G-8 Foreign Ministers Meeting in London On April 10-11, 2013, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry traveled to London for the G-8 Foreign Ministers Meeting. more 2
September 6, 2012 Judy and Dennis Shepard Speak Up for LGBT Rights in Europe Sitting down to dinner to wrap up two jam-packed days of outreach by Judy and Dennis Shepard in Poland to… more 1
July 24, 2012 Keeping the Memory and Spirit of Poland's Absent Jews Alive As the Special Envoy to Monitor and Combat Anti-Semitism and the child of a Holocaust survivor, I have found that… more 1
May 21, 2012 U.S. Hosts G8 Summit On May 18-19, 2012, the leaders of Britain, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, and the EU joined President Barack… more 4
May 3, 2012 Bringing Together Young Political Leaders To Facilitate Inclusive Governments I recently led a delegation of young U.S. political leaders to participate in the 2012 Transatlantic Inclusion Leaders Conference in… more 1
May 1, 2012 'Fifty Years of Progress in Ten' The Afghan Ambassador to Germany, Professor Dr. A. Rahman Ashraf, smiles warmly at the group of four young Afghan civil… more 0
April 30, 2012 German-American Fulbright Program at 60 This year marks the 60th anniversary of the German-American Fulbright Program -- one of the largest Fulbright Programs in the… more 0
April 21, 2012 Young People and the UN Security Council We are about two thirds of the way through the United States' April Presidency of the UN Security Council .… more 2
April 12, 2012 U.S. Hosts G8 Foreign Ministers Meeting More: G-8 Foreign Ministers Meeting Chair's Statement On April 11-12, 2012, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton hosted her G-8… more 7
April 9, 2012 An Update From the Global Fund Board Meeting in Geneva Recently, I met with my fellow Global Fund Board members in Geneva and I am buoyed by the reform that… more 2
February 6, 2012 Travel Diary: Europe -- An Essential Partner in Addressing Global Security Challenges More: Trip Page | Interactive Travel Map Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton traveled to Germany and Bulgaria on February… more 4
February 27, 2015 The United States Diplomacy Center – Full Speed Ahead! There's a big hole in front of the 21st Street entrance to the State Department. The construction sometimes snarls traffic… more 1
February 27, 2015 New Tools for LGBT-Inclusive Development In May 2013, the U.S. Embassy in Sarajevo illuminated its building with rainbow colors in support of International Day Against… more 0
February 27, 2015 The FY 2016 State Department and USAID Budget: A Statement of U.S. Priorities and Values This week, U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry testified before the U.S. Congress on the FY 2016 State Department and… more 0


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Why Apple is taking a page from self-help books
Feb 7, 2014
Apple has purchased $14 billion of its own shares
Google and Samsung make deal to share patents
Jan 27, 2014
The move is seen as a way to bolster both companies as they continue competing with chief rival, Apple.
Happy Birthday, Apple Macintosh, on your 30th
Jan 24, 2014
Even if you never had a Mac, the innovations in computing it introduced 30 years ago have changed your digital experience
Apple's Chinese Christmas gift
Dec 23, 2013
Last night, Apple and China Mobile signed a long-awaited deal to sell iPhones to this pool of nearly a billion new customers.
Apple, China Mobile Strike a Deal
Dec 24, 2013
Apple and China Mobile, the world's largest cell phone carrier, have stuck a deal that will allow the tech giant to sell iPhones to some 760 million people.
Foxconn improves worker conditions, but workers still aren't happy
Dec 12, 2013
For the past two years, Apple has allowed independent inspectors to examine factory conditions for the Chinese workers who make iPads, iPhones, and the company's other iconic products. Today, the Fair Labor Association released its final report on three factories run by the Apple supplier Foxconn.
Can Adobe 'photoshop out' privacy concerns?
Dec 12, 2013
Adobe's security concerns could impact the company's financial performance, eventually.
Voice recognition software's bilingual problem
Nov 26, 2013
Voice recognition software is more and more common on our devices, but if you're speaking with an accent or in two languages at once, you might be in trouble.
What crazy inventions from the future will Apple make with PrimeSense?
Nov 25, 2013
Apple has purchased a company that helped create Microsoft's Xbox Kinect.
Apple discloses government information requests, too
Nov 6, 2013
Apple, Inc. is trying to give customers a sense of how often governments around the world officially demand private data.


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holding pattern
And another.
Welcome, Michigan Daily readers.
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Still kicking it... Cycle #3 results are in
Posted Dec 21 2009 12:00am
The goal of the RVDD trial that I am participating in (got the last spot!) is to prove scientifically the effectiveness of a four drug combination (Rev, Velcade, Dex, Doxil). Thanks to all the new MM friends I have connected with through this blog and Facebook I have learned that today's standard (or most common practice) to treat Multiple Myeloma is using Revlimid, Velcade and Dex (steroid)...commonly known as RVD. Depending on the age, effectiveness of the chemotherapy, patients may then move to transplant (most like auto, i.e. your own cells) and some docs are pushing a tandem (back to back) bone marrow transplants in hopes for an even deeper remission.
So there's some background, now on to the results after completing Cycle 3 of 4 (or maybe 5 and 6). I have another graph for you! This time I have charted the M-Protein (a.k.a. M-Spike)that has been floating in my blood for the last 16 months. The goal with any chemotherapy or transplant is to knock down the M protein to zero. M-protein is a key marker for MM and a normal Joe has zero. The thought is that if you can get rid of the M-protein and it doesn't return after 5-6 years...maybe it won't return. That's the game winning kick we are going for...a deep remission and possibly a Cure.
Since starting treatment my M protein has been on the following decline:
Baseline: 3.0
Cycle #1: 1.9
Cycle #2: 1.2
Cycle #3: 1.0
Cycle #4: TBD
I learned on my last visit with Dr. J that a GPR (Good Partial Response) is 50% reduction in the M Protein. Hooray...I got there after Cycle #2! To achieve VGPR (Very Good Partial Response), my M protein will need to reduce to 0.3. I think the staff (and me) would like to see VGPR before moving onto bone marrow transplant (BMT). Research is showing that the more you can kick the M protein to the ground, the better long term results. The transplant should whack any remainder M protein, but I would prefer we whack it down with chemo prior to transplant to ensure the bad guy is gone post-transplant.
So what this means is that they may actually pull my stem cells after Cycle #4 (while my bone marrow is still doing okay) and then move on to a 5th and 6th Cycle of RVDD to continue to kick away in hopes to get that M-protein as low as possible; if not gone. I am in agreement with this approach. I don't want to rely on my transplant (or two) to bring down the M protein when we can continue to kick its butt with RVDD.
On a side note...I am sporting a beard and I like it. In a few weeks I will be dying my hair in anticipation of my transplant. This is my one opportunity to go from middle class, midwestern Alltel look-a-like to Rockstar/Poser. Isn't cancer great?!?
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The hotel is ok, rooms are clean, Chinese food in the restaurant is great, personnel kind. You can see and feel little details missing from a "western style" hotel but it's the best hotel you can get in town.
- Reservation Options:
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Viewing convention Program information from 2007
Session DetailsSunday, 30 December 699. Narratives of 9/11: The Maghreb and Its Diasporas 10:15–11:30 a.m., Superior A, Sheraton Chicago A special session Presiding: Nouri Gana, Univ. of California, Los Angeles 1. "Virtual Secularization: Psychoanalysis and Islam in Post-9/11 Transnational Maghrebi Textuality," David Fieni, Univ. of California, Los Angeles 2. "In the Mind's Eye of the Terrorist: Algerian Authors Writing 9/11," Janice Gross, Grinnell Coll. 3. "Rearranging the Tropes: The Postexotic Arab?" Atef Laouyene, Univ. of Ottawa 4. "Tarrying with Terror: Responding to Arabs Responding to 9/11," Nouri Gana
No comments have been posted for this session.
© 2015 Modern Language Association. |


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Ole Miss freshman Shiloh Jones grew up in the suburbs of Phoenix, but wanted to move to the Southeast for her college years. Senior staff writer Lucy Schultze sat down to talk with Jones about the move in this week's "A Conversation With…" (August 25, 2011, Page 3)
Tuesday, March 3, 2015
Copyright © 2015 The Oxford Eagle. All rights reserved Visit the old Oxford EAGLE site


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W.J. Astore
I read old stuff. Heck, I'm a historian: that's what I'm supposed to do. So I was reading an old pamphlet on "The Indiana World War Memorial" (circa 1940) and came across the Pledge of Allegiance as it was recited before McCarthyism reared its ugly head in the 1950s: 834 more words


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This is one of the most common questions anyone injured in an accident must answer. Let me help with some information regarding truck and car collisions in Tennessee.
Each year, roadway and interstate traffic increases. This includes both private vehicles and commercial trucking. These two travelers share the same roads, which often result in accidents and injuries. If you are injured, you must decide... Read More
Just how dangerous is it to drive a car or truck on Tennessee roadways? It is actually more... Read More


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You don't want to send the wrong message!
To tell the truth, a man is my least favorite accessory.
once lincoln unlocked the secret of time travel he was unbeatable at scavenger hunts
You may call her Mona Lisa, but she's also Whisker's Mother.
This Lady Gives the Ultimate How-To Guide To Dickpics
Toothbrush Absolutely Blows Cat's Mind
Shiba Inus Make Terrible Sous Chefs
When "Lip Enhancement" Goes Wrong
A Random Text for Somebody Named Ash Turns Into an Opportunity ...
These Guinea Pigs are Better Cosplayers Than You
Super Genius Man Tapes Mentos to His Body Then Jumps Into ...
This is the Worst Elevator Ride These Guys Will Ever Have
Time to Add This to the Will
Guy Thinks That Ronda Rousey Can't Hit Very Hard Because ...
Pick Your Site Name
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Lyrics » Gipsy Kings Lyrics » Recuerdo Apasionado Lyrics |
Lyrics Depot is your source of lyrics to Recuerdo Apasionado by Gipsy Kings. Please check back for more Gipsy Kings lyrics. |
Recuerdo Apasionado LyricsArtist: Gipsy KingsAlbum: Compas
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Weekend Promo: Deponia 95% off, up to 75% off Tropico, Port Royale, Settlers and more at GOG.
SSI Logo
The 25th century Buck Rogers Logo
Title screen
In game screenshot
Create a party
Invest some points into your weapons specialization
Choosing your character sprite. Cool, isn't it?
The beginning
Your mission is explained to you
Standard 3D dungeon navigation
This guy looks... intimidating
Area map
Nice try, but not luck...
You attempt to enter a cargo lift
You'll be presented with moral choices in the game
You are attacked!
Unspectacular Game Over screen
Moving through a corridor
Lots of weapons to choose from
In a shop
The enemies fire at you
You are trying to run away from the battle
The "demo" is like a trailer for the game, showing some areas
In the demo you'll also catch a glimpse at some future encounters
Standard command menu
The new sun king is about to be crowned on Mercury.
Giant rodents attack!
Fighting Venus Dinosaurs.
Venusian Lowlander.
Venusian Lowlander's village.
Venusian Lowlander miner.
A blown out lab.
Another Venusian Lowlander.
Earth - future LA area.
Doctor Malcoln.
Giant plants attack.
Book burners.
Genetics Foundation.
Bad guy.


text:
The Thunder announced Sunday morning Kevin Durant will likely miss 6-8 weeks because of something called a "Jones fracture" in his right foot. The injury will require surgery.
Sam Presti's statement:
"After practice yesterday, Kevin made us aware of discomfort in his right foot. We proceeded to perform the necessary imagining studies to determine the cause of his discomfort. At this stage, Kevin has been diagnosed with a Jones fracture. Traditional treatment of this injury requires a surgical procedure and recent NBA cases have resulted in a return to play in 6-8 weeks. We are in the process of collaboratively evaluating the most appropriate next steps with Kevin, his representatives, and Thunder medical personnel. Until a course of action is determined, we are unable to provide a timeline specific to Kevin's case." Keep Reading…


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The NHL suspended, Detroit Red Wing player, Justin Abdelkader for two games because of his illegal hit on Toni Lydman of the Mighty Ducks. Lydman is suffering from migraines and neck stiffness and is listed as doubtful for tonight's game.
The post NHL Suspends Justin Abdelkader Two Games for Hit appeared first on FFLockerRoom | NFL - MLB News | Fantasy Sports Advice | Sports Talk.
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