text:
As discussed throughout this report, an evaluation framework was developed to guide the NIOSH program evaluations and provide a set of criteria to be used in scoring the relevance and impact of each program's efforts in reducing work-related hazardous exposures, illnesses, and injuries. The National Academies Committee for the Review of NIOSH Research Programs (referred to as the framework committee) developed an initial evaluation framework that was honed and refined to improve its utility, clarity, and emphasis as the eight evaluations proceeded. The framework presented in this chapter differs slightly from the versions that were used by the evaluation committees.1 Insights gained in the evaluation of the eight NIOSH programs (see Chapter 4) are included in this version of the framework, which is provided for consideration in future program evaluations. In addition to evaluating NIOSH programs, this analytic framework and approach may be applicable to the evaluation of other federal agency research programs or research programs in other organizations.
In conducting its evaluation, each committee was asked to determine whether the NIOSH program was undertaking high-priority, relevant research and transfer activities (relevance) and whether these efforts are improving health and safety in the workplace (impact). The evaluation committee was also tasked with (1) rating
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Evaluation Framework
s discussed throughout this report, an evaluation framework was developed
to guide the NIOSH program evaluations and provide a set of criteria to
be used in scoring the relevance and impact of each program's efforts in
reducing work-related hazardous exposures, illnesses, and injuries. The National
Academies Committee for the Review of NIOSH Research Programs (referred to
as the framework committee) developed an initial evaluation framework that was
honed and refined to improve its utility, clarity, and emphasis as the eight evalua-
tions proceeded. The framework presented in this chapter differs slightly from the
versions that were used by the evaluation committees.1 Insights gained in the evalu-
ation of the eight NIOSH programs (see Chapter 4) are included in this version of
the framework, which is provided for consideration in future program evaluations.
In addition to evaluating NIOSH programs, this analytic framework and approach
may be applicable to the evaluation of other federal agency research programs or
research programs in other organizations.
In conducting its evaluation, each committee was asked to determine whether
the NIOSH program was undertaking high-priority, relevant research and transfer
activities (relevance) and whether these efforts are improving health and safety in
the workplace (impact). The evaluation committee was also tasked with (1) rating
1 The evaluation framework document used by the individual evaluation committee is provided
as an appendix in each of the evaluation committee reports (IOM and NRC, 2006, 2008, 2009; NRC
and IOM, 2007, 2008a,b, 2009a,b).
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both the relevance and the impact of the NIOSH program using 1–5 integer scales,
and (2) providing input about emerging areas of research and recommendations for
program improvement.
After examining different approaches to program evaluation (see Chapter 2),
the framework committee decided to define the scope and stages of the evaluation
process based on the logic model (Williams et al., 2009). The resulting evaluation
framework described in this chapter breaks the logic models developed by NIOSH
(Figure 3-1) into discrete program components to be assessed by each evaluation
committee. Criteria for evaluation of each component of the framework are de-
tailed below. In the evaluation framework (overview provided in Figure 3-2), the
assessment of strategic goals and objectives, inputs, activities, and outputs (B to E)
largely define the relevance of the program, while assessment of intermediate and
end outcomes (F and G) largely define the program impact.
The following major components of each NIOSH program were assessed by
the evaluation committees:
• Major occupational safety and health challenges in the program area.
• Goals and objectives as defined by NIOSH.
• Inputs (e.g., budget; staff; facilities; and input from the program's re -
search management, the NIOSH Board of Scientific Counselors, and
• Activities (efforts by NIOSH staff, contractors, and grantees; e.g., surveil-
lance of injury, illness, and hazards; exposure assessment research; health-
effects research; injury-risk factor research; intervention research; health
services research; and technology transfer activities).
• Outputs (NIOSH products; e.g., publications, reports, conferences, data-
bases, tools, methods, guidelines, recommendations, education and train-
ing, and patents).
• Intermediate outcomes (actions by external stakeholders in response to
NIOSH products; e.g., policy change, training and education, self-reported
use or repackaging of NIOSH data by stakeholders, adoption of NIOSH-
developed technologies, implemented guidelines, and licenses).
• End outcomes (e.g., reduction in work-related injuries, illnesses, or hazard-
ous exposures in the workplace).
The framework committee understood that the efforts of any research pro-
gram or the evaluation of that program will not be as linear as presented in either
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other federal
-Recommendations, Pilot and/or
reports, publications, Transfer: market-ready
workshops, databases, Employees,
-Translation of technologies,
Congress; state
conferences; employers,
research into training and
and local
practice, products, education
-Training and education and technologies; programs,
materials and regulators
-Information guidance,
bodies; labor,
who reduce or
demonstration programs, dissemination; regulations,
trade, and
trained professionals; prevent
-Capacity building standards,
through technical trade and
exposures or
-Tools and methods, best assistance major media
practices, developmental (HHEs), training, releases,
developers and
technologies, licenses, and education websites
researchers; SH
Conduct surveillance and evaluate intervention effectiveness
FIGURE 3-1 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health logic model.
Figure 3-1
copied from job #R01276
text is bitmapped
and not editable
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0 e va l u at i n g o c c u Pat i o n a l H e a lt H a n d s a f e t y R e s e a R c H P R o g R a m s
Exte rnal Factors
A Review and
Analysis of
Assessment Review and
Goals and
Identify M ajor
of Inputs Assessme nt
Objectives Driving
Occupational Health
of Activities
Current Program
and Safet y Challenges
in Program Area Planning : e.g., surveillance
Assessment of NIOSH and intervention data ; For example: surveillance,
Independent assessment process to select stakeholder inputs health ef fects research,
by commit tee to program goals,
intervention research,
compare with NIOSH evaluation of goals Production : e.g., intra- technology transfer
program area goals selected by NIOSH, and ex tramural funding, ac tivities, health services
comparison with staf fing, physical facilities, and other research
assessment of management structure
challenges (A)
G Review and
Assessment of Review and
Review and
Intermediate Assessme nt
Assessment of
Outcomes of Outputs
End Outcomes
Reduced injuries,
For example: public policy For example: publications,
illnesses, hazardous
impact, training/ education, reports, databases, tools,
exposures in the
self-repor ted use and/ or methods, guidelines,
workplac e
repackaging by stakeholders, recommendations,
implemente d guidelines licenses and patents
Exte rnal Factors
FIGURE 3-2 Overview of the evaluation process.
Figure 3-2 por trait
Figure 3-2 or Box 3-1; rather, they are iterative processes. Overlap necessarily occurs
adapted from Figure A-2 in job #R01233
fully editable
between the assessment of relevance and impact, particularly in the assessment
of information transfer. Furthermore, components of any program may not fit
perfectly into any one category. For example, training and development programs
are appropriately defined as outputs by NIOSH in the logic model (Figure 3-1),
but the framework committee found more value in focusing on the responses to
these outputs as intermediate outcomes in the evaluation.
Some NIOSH programs are organized using a matrix management approach
as they span several NIOSH divisions or laboratories. Because resources within
NIOSH are allocated in large part at the division level, rather than the program
level, a matrix organization may have little control over the input portion of the
logic model and therefore fewer resources within its direct control on which to
base decisions.
Following the suggested evaluation process ensured a level of consistency and
comparability among all the evaluation committees. For future program evalua-
tions, training on logic models and criteria for differentiating the various com-
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Steps in the Evaluation Process
1. Gather appropriate information.
2. Assess external factors.
3. Identify time frame to be evaluated.
4. Identify major occupational health and safety challenges in program area.
5. Analyze program goals and objectives.
6. Identify major program components.
7. Evaluate program inputs, activities, outputs, and outcomes.
8. Determine scores for relevance and impact and provide the rationale.
9. ssess the program's process for targeting priority research needs and provide the
committee's assessment of emerging issues.
10. Prepare report by using the template provided as a guide.
ponents of the logic model would be beneficial at the inception of the evaluation
process both for NIOSH staff as they assemble the evidence packages and for evalu-
ation committee members as they begin their assessment of the program.
Drawing on the program logic model, the evaluation framework, and the evalu-
ation committee members' expertise, the evaluation committees began by examin-
ing important inputs and external factors affecting the NIOSH research program's
agenda. Examples of external factors included research activities of industry and
other federal agencies as well as the political and regulatory environment. The
evaluation then focused on the program's research activities, outputs, associated
transfer activities, and resulting intermediate and end outcomes.
Box 3-1 provides a summary of the evaluation process as suggested by the
framework committee. Detailed guidance on each step is provided in later sections
of this chapter. The following key factors were considered in assessing the relevance
of NIOSH research programs:
• The severity and/or frequency of health and safety hazards addressed and
the number of people at risk (magnitude) for these hazards.
• The extent to which NIOSH research programs identified and addressed
gender-related issues and issues of vulnerable populations2 and the extent
2Vulnerable populations are defined as groups of workers who have biological, social, or economic
characteristics that place them at increased risk for work-related conditions or on whom inadequate
data have been collected. These populations include low-wage workers, disadvantaged minorities,
disabled persons, and non-English-speakers for whom language or other barriers present health or
safety risks.
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to which NIOSH research programs addressed the health and safety needs
of small businesses.
• The stage of research on the problems being addressed. As the health ef-
fects are understood, research efforts should shift from etiologic research to
intervention research and then to intervention-effectiveness research. Gaps
in the spectrum of prevention need to be addressed; for example, research
on exposure assessment may be necessary before the next intervention
steps can be taken.
• The structure, in addition to the content, of the research program. A rel-
evant research program is more than a set of unrelated research projects;
it is an integrated program involving interrelated surveillance, research,
and transfer activities.
• Appropriate NIOSH consideration of external stakeholder input.
The evaluation committees had the option to consider these and other relevant
factors as they progressed through each stage of the evaluation.
Data documenting end outcomes are often quite limited or are not available to
quantify reductions in illness, injury, and hazardous exposures. Data documenting
intermediate outcomes, although likely also limited, could serve as an appropriate
proxy for end outcome data if the relationship between occupational exposures
and health outcomes is well understood. For example, changes in regulations or
procedures likely to result in reduced exposures are important measures of inter-
mediate outcomes.
Useful program evaluation requires specific questions and criteria for assessing
each component of the program; a disciplined focus on a small number of questions or
hypotheses typically related to program goals, performance criteria, and performance
standards; a rigorous method of answering the questions or testing the hypotheses; and
a credible procedure for developing qualitative and quantitative assessments. Because
of the uniqueness of each NIOSH program, each evaluation committee determined
the most reasonable way to apply the evaluation criteria.
The individual evaluation committees were formed in accordance with the
rules of the National Academies that focus on ensuring a balanced committee. Each
evaluation committee included: persons with expertise appropriate for the specific
NIOSH research program under review (including researchers and representatives
of stakeholder groups; e.g., worker organizations and industry), experts in technol -
ogy and knowledge transfer, and experts in program evaluation.
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The evaluation committee gathered appropriate information from the NIOSH
research program under review, from external stakeholders affected directly by the
NIOSH program research, and from relevant independent parties. The original
contracts between NIOSH and the National Academies specified that each evalua-
tion committee would consist of about 10 members, meet three times, and prepare
a report due to NIOSH within 9 months of the first meeting of the evaluation
committee. As noted in Chapter 4, future evaluations may consider extending the
time frame to 12–14 months, depending on the size and complexity of the program
being evaluated.
The evaluation process consists of 10 steps, described in the following sections
and summarized in Box 3-1. A description is provided of how NIOSH programs
were evaluated by the National Academies. This model can be applied to other
program evaluations as well.
1. Gather Appropriate Information
Each NIOSH program under review provided information to the relevant
evaluation committee, including that outlined in Box 3-2. Some of the evaluation
committees requested additional information from the program. Organizing the
information listed in Box 3-2 by goal (or by subprogram if organizing by goal was
not feasible) was helpful to the committees.
In addition to the information provided by the NIOSH program, the evaluation
committees independently collected additional information as deemed necessary
for the evaluation, such as the perspectives of external stakeholders, including the
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the Mine Safety and
Health Administration (MSHA), workforces and their unions, and industry. In
conducting the review, the evaluation committees examined how the inputs, activi-
ties, outputs, and intermediate outcomes contribute to the impact and relevance
of the program as a whole.
Many NIOSH programs have been evaluated by internal and other external
bodies as part of an overall assessment of NIOSH, such as the Performance As-
sessment Rating Tool (PART) review,3 or through evaluations of specific research
3 PART focuses on assessing program-level performance and is one of the measures of success of the
budget and performance integration initiative of the President's management agenda (http://www.
whitehouse.gov/omb/expectmore/summary/10002160.2004. html [accessed January 30, 2009]).
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Evaluation Committee Information Needs
• Program background and overview:
o Program history
o Program management structure
o Major program challenges
o Program goals and objectives, past (for period under review) and current
o Process for developing and updating program strategic plans
o Enabling or authorizing legislation
o Major subprograms (if appropriate)
o esults of previous program reviews (e.g., annual review by NIOSH leadership team
or external scientific program reviews)
o External factors affecting the program
• Interactions with external stakeholders and with other NIOSH programs:
o he role of program research staff in NIOSH policy setting, OSHA and MSHA stan-
dard setting, voluntary standard setting, and other government policy functions
o Interactions and working relationships with other NIOSH programs
o dentification of other institutions and research programs with similar portfolios
and an explanation of the relationship between NIOSH activities and those of other
o ey partnerships with other government agencies, employers, labor, academic
institutions, nonprofit organizations, and international organizations
• Program inputs:
o Production inputs (program resources):
ß Funding by year for period under review
ß Funding by objective or subprogram
ß rogram staffing, full-time equivalents, and laboratory facilities, by subprogram
(if indicated)
ß Percentage of program budget that is discretionary (beyond salaries)
ß Percentage of program budget that is earmarked
ß Significant contributions to the program from other sources (in kind or funds)
o Planning inputs:
ß urveillance data, inputs from the Health Hazard Evaluation and the Fatality
Assessment and Control Evaluation programs, and intramural and extramural
research findings that influenced program goals and objectives
ß lanning inputs from stakeholders such as advisory groups; National Occupa-
tional Research Agenda (NORA) teams; and professional, industry, and labor
groups (specify if any input comes from groups representing small business or
vulnerable populations)
ß Related OSHA and MSHA strategic plans or other input
ß Process for soliciting and approving intramural research ideas
ß rocess for soliciting and approving program-supported extramural research
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• Program activities (more details provided in Box 3-3):
o Intramural:
ß Surveillance activities
ß Research activities
ß ransfer activities to encourage implementation of research results for improved
occupational safety and health (e.g., information dissemination, technical as-
sistance, and technology and knowledge transfer)
ß ey collaborations in intramural activities (e.g., with other government agencies,
academia, industry, and unions)
o Extramural funded by NIOSH:
ß Requests for applications developed by program
ß unded projects: grants, cooperative agreements, and contracts, such as the
Surveillance activities
Research activities
Transfer activities
Capacity-building activities
• Outputs (products of the research program—more details provided in Box 3-4):
o Intramural:
ß Peer-reviewed publications, agency reports, alerts, and recommendations
ß atabases, websites, tools, and methods (including education and training
ß Technologies developed and patents
ß Sponsored conferences and workshops
o Extramural:
ß Program announcements
ß Requests for applications
• Intermediate outcomes:
o tandards or guidelines issued by other agencies or organizations based in whole
or in part on NIOSH research
o doption and use of control or personal protective technologies developed by NIOSH
o vidence of industry, employer, or worker behavioral changes in response to re-
search outputs
o se of NIOSH products by workers, industry, occupational health and safety profes-
sionals, healthcare providers, and others (including internationally)
o NIOSH website hits and document requests
o Unique staff or laboratory capabilities that serve as a national resource
o Other intermediate outcomes, including those from extramural activities
• End outcomes:
o ata on program impact on rates and numbers of injuries, illnesses, and hazardous
exposures in the workplace (including trend data, if available)
o Documentation of workplace risk reduction (quantitative, qualitative, or both)
• escription of current processes for setting research priorities and identifying emerging
issues in the workplace
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program elements. The evaluation committees were asked to review all prior evalu-
ations of the program as an aid to understanding the evolution of the program
and its elements. The National Academies committee evaluations, however, were
independent of prior reviews and evaluations.
2. Assess External Factors
As depicted in the logic model (Figure 3-1), reductions in work-related injury
and illness or in hazardous exposures (end outcomes) are dependent on stakeholder
activities (external factors). Actions beyond NIOSH's control by those in labor,
industry, regulatory entities, and elsewhere are necessary for NIOSH program ac-
tivities to produce changes in end outcomes. Implementation of research findings
may depend on existing or future policy considerations, economic conditions, and
the public agenda.
External factors were considered as forces beyond the control of the NIOSH
program that may affect the evolution of the program. External factors influence
progress through all phases of the logic model, from inputs to end outcomes (see
Figure 3-1). Identification of external factors by an evaluation committee is essen-
tial because it provides the context for evaluation of the program. External factors
may be best assessed on the basis of the expert judgment of evaluation commit-
tee members who have knowledge of the field of research. NIOSH program staff
provided their ideas on external factors early in the evaluation process. Informa-
tion regarding external factors was also sought from other NIOSH program and
management staff, OSHA and MSHA staff, and from other external stakeholders.
Additionally, each evaluation committee chose other approaches to assess external
factors. Factors external to a program might help or hinder the achievement of
certain outcomes or might present formidable obstacles. The evaluation commit-
tees addressed both possibilities.
Some external factors may constrain research activities related to specific target
populations, methodological issues, or resource availability. Evaluation committees
examined whether
• Projects addressing a critical health need are technologically feasible. A
workforce of appropriate size and with appropriate duration and distribu-
tion of exposure for measuring a health effect may not exist; for example,
no population of workers has been exposed for 30 years to formaldehyde at
the current OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL), so the related cancer
mortality cannot yet be directly assessed.
• Research is inhibited because NIOSH investigators are unable to access
an adequate study population. Under current policy, NIOSH must either
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e va l u at i o n f R a m e w o R k
obtain an invitation by management to study a workplace or seek a judicial
order to provide authority to enter a worksite (cooperation under court
order may well be insufficient for effective research).
• Research is inhibited because the work environment, materials, and his-
torical records cannot be accessed even with management and workforce
• Adequate or established methods exist for assessing the environment.
• The NIOSH contribution to a particular field of research is reduced or
difficult to estimate because other institutions are working in the same
• NIOSH resources are inadequate to tackle key questions.
Evaluation of the impact of NIOSH research outputs on worker health and
safety also required consideration of external factors that might impede or aid
implementation, measurement, and so on. Evaluation committees considered
whether the following conditions exist and if so how this influences the research
that NIOSH undertakes:
• Regulatory changes and implementation are unachievable because of ob-
stacles to regulation or because of differing priorities of the regulatory
agencies. For example, there may be no implementation of recommenda-
tions for improved respiratory protection programs for healthcare workers
because of the lack or weakness of enforcement policies.
• A feasible control for a known risk factor or exposure has not been imple-
mented because the cost of implementation is too high or because current
economic incentives do not favor such actions.
• End outcomes are unobservable because baseline and continuing surveil-
lance data are not available. For example, the current incidence of occu-
pational noise-induced hearing loss is not known, although surveillance
for a substantial threshold shift is feasible. (NIOSH conducts surveillance
of some types of work-related illnesses, injuries, and hazards, but compre-
hensive surveillance is not possible with existing resources.)
• Reductions in adverse effects of chronic exposure cannot be measured. For
example, 90 percent of identified work-related mortality is from diseases
such as cancer that arise only after decades of latency after first exposure
to a carcinogen. Effects of reducing exposure to a carcinogen therefore
cannot be observed in the time frame of most interventions.
• A promulgated regulation requires a technology that has been developed
but is not widely used.
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Assessment of end outcomes. The evaluation committee was asked to provide
a qualitative assessment of program impact, discussing the evidence of reductions
in injuries and illnesses or their appropriate proxies.
Other outcomes. Regarding the NIOSH study, there may be as-yet unappreciated
health and safety impacts or other beneficial social, economic, and environmental
outcomes as a result of NIOSH activities. NIOSH study results may be influential
outside the United States, and there may be evidence of implementation of NIOSH
recommendations and training programs abroad.
Questions considered in the evaluation of other outcomes
1. Is the program likely to produce a favorable change that has not yet oc-
curred or not been appreciated?
2. Has the program been responsible for social, economic, security, or envi-
ronmental outcomes?
3. Have program activities and outputs impacted occupational health and
safety in other countries?
Assessment of other outcomes. The evaluation committees were asked to con-
sider other outcomes, including beneficial changes that are expected to occur;
social, economic, security, or environmental outcomes; and the impact that the
program has had on international occupational safety and health.
8. Determine Scores for Relevance and Impact
and Provide the Rationale
The evaluation committees assigned an integer score for the relevance of the
research program to the improvement of occupational safety and health and another
integer score for the impact of the program on such improvements. Using their
expert judgment, the committees rated the relevance and impact of the overall
research program by first summarizing their assessments of the major goals or
subprograms and then appropriately weighting the goal areas (or subprograms)
to determine the overall program ratings.5
Relevance and impact scores were based on 5-point categorical scales estab-
lished by the framework committee (described below), in which 1 is the lowest and
5 the highest rating. The framework committee made an effort to establish mutu-
5 Inlight of substantial differences among the types of research programs, the framework commit-
tee chose not to construct a single algorithm to use in weighting the goals or subprograms.
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ally exclusive rating categories in the scales. The evaluation committee determined
how individual goal areas (or subprograms) influenced final scores. Final program
ratings consisted of integer scores for relevance and impact and prose justification
of the scores.
Box 3-5 provides an overview of the issues to be considered in determining
ratings of relevance and impact. Evaluation committees were asked to consider
items 1 through 4 in Box 3-5 for the overall program and to assess the relevance
of the program by reviewing the committee's responses to the questions evaluat-
ing the program's challenges, goals and objectives, inputs, activities, and outputs
(Section 7). The evaluation committee evaluated separately the extent to which the
program's research efforts are in high-priority areas and the extent to which the
program is involved in transfer activities. Transfer activities occur in two contexts:
(1) efforts by the NIOSH program to translate intellectual products into practice
and (2) stakeholder efforts to integrate NIOSH results into the workplace.
To assess impact, each evaluation committee first needed to consider the avail-
able evidence of changes in work-related risks and the adverse effects and external
factors related to the changes. The evaluation committee reviewed the responses
to the questions on the reviews of outputs, intermediate outcomes, and end out-
comes and systematically assessed the impact of the research program. Items 2 to 7
in Box 3-5 address these areas. The evaluation committee needed to judge, for
Overview of the Issues
Assess the following for each program:
1. elevance of current and recently completed research and transfer activities to objec-
tive improvements in workplace safety and health.
2. ontributions of the NIOSH program's research and transfer activities to changes in
work-related practices and reduction in workplace exposures, illnesses, or injuries.
3. ontributions of the NIOSH program's research and transfer activities to improve-
ments in work-related practices.
4. ontributions of the NIOSH program's research to productivity, security, or environ-
mental quality (beneficial side effects).
5. vidence of policy, technological, behavioral, and other changes that would reduce
risk in the workplace (intermediate outcomes).
6. vidence of reduction in workplace exposures, illnesses, or injuries (end outcomes).
7. vidence of external factors that prevented translation of NIOSH research results into
intermediate or end outcomes.
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example, whether outcomes occurred earlier than they would have or are better
than they would have been in the absence of the research program, or whether
outcomes would have occurred were it not for external factors beyond the control
of the NIOSH program.
Scoring of Relevance
As discussed in previous sections, numerous factors may be considered in as-
sessing relevance. The scoring criteria focus on the evaluation committee's assess-
ment of whether the program appropriately set priorities among research needs
as well as how engaged the program was in appropriate transfer activities to move
research findings into the workplace. Since the evaluation of NIOSH programs in-
cluded assessment of research activities and knowledge transfer activities, both are
considered in the final relevance score. With respect to research, the key indicator is
the extent to which the program's research is in priority subject areas (high prior-
ity, priority, lesser priority, or not focused on priorities); with respect to transfer,
the key indicator is the level of engagement in appropriate transfer activities (in
this case, significantly engaged, engaged, or not engaged). This approach resulted
in a complex scoring system that tries to address the best and worst cases and any
variations in between. Box 3-6 lists the criteria for scoring the overall relevance
Scoring Criteria for Relevance
5 = esearch is in high-priority subject areas and the NIOSH program is significantly
engaged in appropriate transfer activities for completed research projects/reported
research results.
4 = esearch is in high-priority subject areas and the NIOSH program is engaged in ap-
propriate transfer activities for completed research projects/reported research results;
or research is in priority subject areas and the NIOSH program is significantly engaged
in appropriate transfer activities for completed research projects/reported research
3 = esearch is in high-priority subject areas, but the NIOSH program is not engaged in
appropriate transfer activities; or research is in priority subject areas but the NIOSH
program is not significantly engaged in appropriate transfer activities; or research
focuses on lesser priorities but the NIOSH program is significantly engaged in ap-
propriate transfer activities.
2 = esearch program is focused on lesser priorities and the NIOSH program is not sig-
nificantly engaged in appropriate transfer activities.
1 = esearch program is not focused on priorities.
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TABLE 3-1 Guidance for Weighting Research Priority and Transfer Activities
Assessment of Engagement in Appropriate
Research Priority Transfer Activities Applicable Score
High priority Significantly engaged 5
High priority Engaged 4
Priority Significantly engaged 4
High priority Not engaged 3
Priority Engaged or not engaged 3
Lesser priority Significantly engaged 3
Lesser priority Engaged or not engaged 2
Not focused on priorities Any level of engagement 1
of the NIOSH research program. Table 3-1 provides guidance regarding how the
committee may weight research priorities and transfer levels when determining
relevance scores.
The evaluation committee considered both completed research and research
that is in progress in its assessment of relevance. The committee kept in mind how
well the program has considered the frequency and severity of the problems being
addressed; whether appropriate attention has been directed to issues regarding
both sexes, vulnerable populations, or hard-to-reach workplaces; and whether the
different needs of large and small businesses have been considered. Each committee
determined how to consider external factors in assigning program scores.
Scoring of Impact
Box 3-7 provides the criteria established for the rating of impact. The evalu-
ation committee primarily considered completed research outputs. In assigning a
score for impact, it is important to recognize that a "major contribution" (required
for a score of 5) does not imply that the NIOSH program was solely responsible for
observed improvements in worker safety and health. Many factors may be required
to effect improvements. The committee could say that the NIOSH program made
"major contributions" if the improvements would not have occurred when they
did without the program's efforts.
The framework committee had some concern that the imposed scoring criteria
for impact might be considered a promotion of the conventional occupational-
health research paradigm that focuses on health-effects and technology research
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e va l u at i n g o c c u Pat i o n a l H e a lt H a n d s a f e t y R e s e a R c H P R o g R a m s
Scoring Criteria for Impact
5 = esearch program has made major contribution(s) to worker health and safety on the
basis of end outcomes or well-accepted intermediate outcomes.
4 = esearch program has made some contributions to end outcomes or well-accepted
intermediate outcomes.
3 = esearch program activities are ongoing and outputs are produced that are likely to
result in improvements in worker health and safety. Well-accepted outcomes have not
been recorded.
2 = esearch program activities are ongoing and outputs are produced that may result in
new knowledge or technology, but only limited application is expected. Well-accepted
outcomes have not been recorded.
1 = esearch activities and outputs do not result in or are not likely to have any
NA = Impact cannot be assessed; program is not mature enough.
without much emphasis on the socioeconomic, policy, surveillance, and diffusion
research (as opposed to diffusion activities) needed to effect change. The evalua-
tion committees were asked to remember that not all intermediate outcomes occur
in the workplace. Important outcomes that NIOSH can affect also occur much
farther out on the causal chain. NIOSH, for example, has an important role in
generating knowledge that may contribute to changing norms in the insurance
industry, in healthcare practice, in public health practice, and in the community
at large. The evaluation committees considered whether some of those issues need
to be addressed and considered as external factors that facilitate or limit applica-
tion of more traditional research findings. Given the rapidly changing nature of
work and the workforce and the intractable problems in manufacturing, mining,
and other fields, the evaluation committees were encouraged to think beyond the
conventional paradigm.
9. Assess the Program's Process for Targeting
Priority Research Needs and Provide the Committee's
Assessment of Emerging Issues
Among the most challenging aspects of research in illness and injury preven-
tion are the identification of new or emerging needs and trends and the formula-
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e va l u at i o n f R a m e w o R k
tion of a research response that uses scarce resources to best effect in anticipation
of them.
The second charge to the evaluation committee was assessment of the re -
search program's effectiveness in targeting new research and identifying emerging
issues in occupational safety and health most relevant to future improvements in
workplace protection. The evaluation committee was asked to provide a quali -
tative narrative assessment of the program's process for determining priorities
for research and emerging workplace issues. The committee also independently
identified emerging workplace issues that the NIOSH program should be pre-
pared to address.
The evaluation committees reviewed the procedures that the NIOSH program
has in place to identify needed research relevant to the NIOSH mission and re-
viewed the success that the NIOSH program has had in identifying and addressing
research related to emerging issues. For example, the program should be involved
in examining leading indicators from other federal agencies (e.g., EPA, Department
of Labor, National Institute of Standards and Technology, NIH, DoD, and Depart-
ment of Commerce) that track or provide data on new technologies, new products,
new processes, and disease or injury trends.
The NIOSH HHE program offers a potential source for the identification of
emerging research needs. The evaluation committee needed to determine whether
the program under review appropriately considered pertinent HHE investigation
findings. Additional emerging issues may have been revealed through consideration
of NIOSH and NIOSH-funded FACE reports, AOEC reports, U.S. Chemical Safety
Board investigations, and the Sentinel Event Notification System for Occupational
Risks and other state-based surveillance programs. Appropriate federal advisory
committees and other stakeholder groups were also consulted to provide qualita-
tive information.
The evaluation committee systematically assessed how the research program
targets new research by evaluating each goal area or subprogram for the items
listed in Box 3-8.
Questions Considered in Identifying Emerging Issues
1. What information does the NIOSH program review to identify emerging
research needs?
• What is the process for review?
• How often does the process take place?
• How are NIOSH staff scientists and leadership engaged?
• What is the process for moving from ideas to formal planning and
resource allocation?
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0 e va l u at i n g o c c u Pat i o n a l H e a lt H a n d s a f e t y R e s e a R c H P R o g R a m s
Targeting of New Research and
Identification of Emerging Issues
Assess the following:
1. Past and present effectiveness in targeting most relevant research needs.
2. ffectiveness in targeting research in fields most relevant to future improvements in
occupational safety and health.
2. How are external stakeholders involved?
• What advisory or stakeholder groups are asked to identify emerging
research targets?
• How often are such groups consulted, and how are suggestions fol-
lowed up?
3. What new research targets have been identified for future development in
the program under evaluation?
• How were they identified?
• Were lessons learned that could help to identify other emerging issues?
• Does the evaluation committee agree with the issues identified and
selected as important and with the NIOSH program's response, or
were important issues overlooked?
• Is there evidence of unwise expenditure of resources on unimportant
The evaluation committee members used their expert judgment both to evalu-
ate the emerging research targets identified by the NIOSH program and to provide
recommendations on improvements to the program or additional research that
NIOSH had not yet identified. Recommendations included a brief statement of
their rationale.
10. Prepare Report by Using the Template Provided as a Guide
Consistency and comparability among evaluation committee report formats
was desirable, but the framework committee recognized that each NIOSH research
program is different and that each evaluation committee was independent. The
outline provided in Box 3-9 flows from the framework committee's review of the
generalized NIOSH logic model (Figure 3-1) and the overviews of the evaluation
process (Box 3-1, Figure 3-2). The evaluation committees were free to use or adapt
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e va l u at i o n f R a m e w o R k
Suggested Outline for Evaluation Committee Reports
I. Introduction
This section should be a brief descriptive summary of the history of the program being
evaluated with respect to pre-NORA, NORA 1, and current and future plans of the research
program presented by the NIOSH program. It should present the context for the research on
safety and health; goals, objectives, and resources; groupings of goal areas or subprograms;
and any other important pertinent information (a list of the NIOSH materials reviewed should
be provided in Appendix C).
II. Evaluation of the Program (Charge 1)
A. Evaluation summary: should include a brief summary of the evaluation with
respect to impact and relevance, scores for impact and relevance, and summary
B. Strategic goals and objectives: should describe assessment of the extent to which
program strategic plans reflect program relevance
C. Assessment of inputs: should describe adequacy of inputs to achieve goals
D. Assessment of activities: should describe assessment of the relevance of the
E. Assessment of research program outputs: should describe assessment of rel-
evance and potential usefulness of the research program's outputs
F. Assessment of intermediate outcomes and causal impact: should describe as-
sessment of the intermediate outcomes and the program's contribution to them;
should include the likely impacts and recent outcomes in the assessment
G. Assessment of end outcomes: should describe the end outcomes related to health
and safety and provide an assessment of the type and degree of attribution to the
NIOSH program
H. Assessment of other outcomes: should discuss health and safety impacts that
are expected to occur; beneficial social, economic, and environmental outcomes;
and international dimensions and outcomes
I. Summary of ratings and rationale
III. NIOSH Targeting of New Research and Identification of Emerging Issues (Charge 2)
The evaluation committee should assess the progress that the NIOSH program has made in
targeting new research in occupational safety and health. The evaluation committee should
assess whether the NIOSH program has identified important emerging issues that appear
especially important in terms of relevance to the mission of NIOSH. The evaluation commit-
tee should respond to NIOSH's perspective and add its own recommendations.
IV. Recommendations for Program Improvement
On the basis of the review and evaluation of the program, the evaluation committee may
provide recommendations for improving the relevance of the NIOSH research program to
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e va l u at i n g o c c u Pat i o n a l H e a lt H a n d s a f e t y R e s e a R c H P R o g R a m s
safety and health conditions in the workplace and the impact of the research program on
safety and health in the workplace.
Appendix A Framework Document
Appendix B Methods and Information Gathering
Appendix C List of NIOSH and Related Materials Collected in the Process of the
this outline as necessary when organizing their final reports. The framework com-
mittee encouraged each evaluation committee to look at prior evaluation commit-
tee reports for organizational ideas.
IOM and NRC (Institute of Medicine and National Research Council). 2006. Hearing loss research at
NIOSH. Committee to Review the NIOSH Hearing Loss Research Program. Rpt. No. 1, Reviews
of Research Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington,
DC: The National Academies Press.
IOM and NRC. 2008. The personal protective technology program at NIOSH. Committee to Review
the NIOSH Personal Protective Technology Program. Rpt. No. 5, Reviews of Research Programs
of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC: The National
Academies Press.
IOM and NRC. 2009. Traumatic injury research at NIOSH. Committee to Review the NIOSH Trau-
matic Injury Research Program. Rpt. No. 6, Reviews of Research Programs of the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
NRC and IOM. 2007. Mining safety and health research at NIOSH. Committee to Review the NIOSH
Mining Safety and Health Research Program. Rpt. No. 2, Reviews of Research Programs of the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC: The National Acad-
emies Press.
NRC and IOM. 2008a. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing research at NIOSH. Committee to Review the
NIOSH Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing Research Program. Rpt. No. 3, Reviews of Research
Programs of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC: The
National Academies Press.
NRC and IOM. 2008b. Respiratory diseases research at NIOSH. Committee to Review the NIOSH Re-
spiratory Diseases Research Program. Rpt. No. 4, Reviews of Research Programs of the National
Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
OCR for page 37
e va l u at i o n f R a m e w o R k
NRC and IOM. 2009a. The health hazard evaluation program at NIOSH. Committee to Review the
NIOSH Health Hazard Evaluation Program. Rpt. No. 7, Reviews of Research Programs of the
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC: The National Acad-
emies Press.
NRC and IOM. 2009b. Construction research at NIOSH. Committee to Review the NIOSH Construc-
tion Research Program. Rpt. No. 8, Reviews of Research Programs of the National Institute for
Occupational Safety and Health. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
Rutstein, D. D., R. J. Mullan, T. M. Frazier, W. E. Halperin, J. M. Melius, and J. P. Sestito. 1983.
Sentinel health events (occupational): A basis for physician recognition and public health
surveillance. American Journal of Public Health 73(9):1054–1062.
Williams, V. L., E. Eiseman, E. Landree, D. M. Adamson. 2009. Demonstrating and communicating
research impact: Preparing NIOSH programs for external review. Santa Monica, CA: RAND.
OCR for page 37


text:
Greater Works 'healing school'
Greater Works Church, 102 N. Walters Ave., Hodgenville, will hold "healing school" at 7 p.m. on Wednesdays beginning Feb. 5. For more information, call 270-358-8399.
Gospel musical Feb. 7 at First Baptist Church
Elizabethtown Community and Technical College and First Baptist Church will hold a gospel musical in celebration of Black History Month at 7 p.m. Feb. 7 in the sanctuary of First Baptist Church, 105 Bishop Lane, Elizabethtown.
If you currently subscribe or have subscribed in the past to the LaRue County Herald, then simply find your account number on your mailing label and enter it below.
Click the question mark below to see where your account ID appears on your mailing label.
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Photo Cards, Announcements, and Invitations
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Northwoods Politics: Marketing our state parks?
The state wants Minnesotans to use its state parks and trails. Not only does it display to future generations how important our natural resources are, but it also makes money.
The more people who buy permits to visit state parks or use things such as cross country ski trails, the more money the state rakes in. And that's especially good with the current state budget scenario.
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What does HIG mean in Toronto Stock Exchange?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand HIG in the Business field in general and in the Toronto Stock Exchange terminology in particular.
Horizons BetaPro S&P/TSX Global Gold Inverse ETF
Find a translation for HIG in other languages:
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Discuss this HIG abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"HIG." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 4 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/604921>.
HIG also stands for:
- Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc.
- Hawaii Institute of Geophysics
- Health Implementation Group
- High scores (games)
- Highbury, Queensland, Australia
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Sarah Michelle Gellar SeaWorld Pictures
Sarah Michelle Gellar and Charlotte Make New Friends at SeaWorld
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Sarah Michelle Gellar and Charlotte Make New Friends at SeaWorld
Sarah Michelle Gellar and her daughter, Charlotte Prinze, spent Friday together in San Diego. The girls ventured out to SeaWorld, where they met Nanuq, a beluga whale. During their visit, SMG and Charlotte also met sea lions, sharks, pelicans, and a dolphin. They were the latest animal friends Sarah Michelle has made — SMG got cozy with a snake at the LA Zoo in June too.
Sarah Michelle and Charlotte have been spending a fun Summer together so far. With the news that SMG's show Ringer was canceled, she can now focus full time on family. That also means prepping for the arrival of Charlotte's little brother or sister, who will arrive later in the year for SMG and her husband, Freddie Prinze Jr.
Link Love
- Selena Gomez shares an inspiring message with her fans — Us Weekly
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Although the error rates for overall Medicare Fee-for-Service payments are steadily declining, officials are having a hard time controlling erroneous payments to durable medical equipment (DMEs) supplies, which provide wheel chairs and oxygen tanks to patients.
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services uses a measure called the Comprehensive Error Rate Testing program to track its mistakes.
In 2007, the overall Medicare error rate was 3.9 percent, while the rate for DMEs was 10.3 percent. That was an increase over 2006's 7.5 percent.
The 2005 figure was 8.6 percent.
About the Author
Mary Mosquera is a reporter for Federal Computer Week.
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President Obama's proposal to boost government coordination with the private sector got a warm welcome in the House Homeland Security Committee.
The spy agency wants to better integrate cybersecurity into its traditional human intelligence operations.
Meet the women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
The law's certification and approval provisions empower CIOs to end outdated software development projects, says Agilex's Roger Baker.
The new chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee extends an olive branch to the minority, but keeps subpoena power for himself.
FCW investigated efforts by the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to improve a joint data repository on military and veteran suicides. Something as impersonal and mundane as incomplete datasets could be exacerbating a national tragedy.
Despite delays, the program is at a critical point for determining the ultimate impact of cloud technology in the government space.
In an interview with FCW, the Department of Veterans Affairs' chief technology officer talks about overhauling the digital experience for VA customers.
The National Information Exchange Model's usefulness extends far beyond its origins in justice and law enforcement.


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Taking Stock
Chandler Macleod Group (CMG)
PUBLISHED: 13 Apr 2010 11:48:00 | UPDATED: 14 Apr 2010 00:05:46PUBLISHED: 13 Apr 2010 PRINT EDITION: 14 Apr 2010Human resources company Chandler Macleod's shares have lost much of February's strong gains, dropping 9.6 per cent on Monday to close at 23.5c.
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Follow FEMA:
FEMA Individual Assistance Specialist talks to couple in Oklahoma
Main Content
Photo by Marvin Nauman - Sep 04, 2007
Kingfisher, Okla., September 5, 2007 -- Mr. & Mrs. Roger Fuston meet with FEMA Individual Assistant Specialist Angela Stapleton the Kingfisher Town Meeting to find out about what aid they qualify for from the flood damages they suffered. FEMA has grants and other aid available to help flood victims recover under FEMA's Individual Assistance Program.
Marvin Nauman/FEMA - Location: Kingfisher, OK


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Beautiful Villa: Magen's Bay, POOL, Stunning Views
From $343 / night
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- 3 bedrooms
- 4 bathrooms
- Sleeps 8
- Villa
Description from the owner
Beautiful Villa on Magen's Bay, Pool, Amazing View! Please see full rate details based on number of guests/time of year below or on our website (additional reviews also on our website): blueskiesmagensbaydottcomm. Blue Skies Magen's Bay (formerly Villa Diva) is a luxury villa located on beautiful Magen's Bay, St. Thomas in the US Virgin Islands. BSMB is the ultimate St. Thomas vacation rental villa for you just minutes from the world-famous Magen's Bay Beach and is offered directy from the owner. Very private and comfortable in a lush tropical setting on the desirable calm side of Peterborg peninsula, with an exceptional view of Magen's Bay. You...Read more
Beautiful Villa: Magen's Bay, POOL, Stunning Views
Magens Bay, Saint Thomas
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St Thomas has everything and more... beautiful views, island hopping, amazing beaches, great restaurants, golf, boating, shopping, snorkeling, exploring, and more!
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More About This Location
Beach or lakeside relaxation, Warm winter getaways, Waterfront
Getting There
Car is recommended
- Housekeeping Optional
- Iron
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Minimum purchase of $30.
The Devine Affair
14021 Memorial Dr
Houston, TX 77079
Houston, TX 77079
Phone: (281) 759-6300
Cuisine: Italian, Bar/Gastro Pub/Wine Bar
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- Hours
Monday: ClosedTuesday: 11:00 AM - 9:00 PMWednesday: 11:00 AM - 9:00 PMThursday: 11:00 AM - 9:00 PMFriday: 11:00 AM - 9:30 PMSaturday: 5:00 PM - 9:30 PMSunday: Closed
- Atmosphere Bar Scene, Family / Children, Live Music, Romantic
- Bar Wines, Beer
- Special Needs Child Menu, Wheelchair Access, Locally-Grown Ingredients, Booster/High Chairs, Kosher, Gluten-Free Items
- Amenities TV, Wi-fi, Private Party Room
- Attire Casual
- Parking Availability Parking on Site
- Reservation Information Suggested
- Meal Times Served Lunch, Dinner
- Banquet Facilities Off-Site Catering
- Payment Methods
The Devine Affair welcomes you to experience Old World Charm nestled in the heart of your neighborhood. A world of unparalleled hospitality, excellent service, delicious food, and attention to every detail. The Devine Affair is the perfect setting to enjoy fine dining and spirits with friends and loved ones. We also offer catering and family style carry-out dinners. If you can't come to us, we'll bring The Devine Affair to you. We look forward to serving you soon.
Rated 4.6 out of 5 by 132reviewers.
Rated 5 out of 5 by Elizabeth L Our server was excellent. Feb 26, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Nils S Attentive staff and tasty food, served in the right portions Jan 4, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Meredith W We live so close to this restaurant, but just tried it for the first time. Very impressed with the delicious food, good service and beautiful decor. We will be back! Jan 2, 2015
Rated 5 out of 5 by Taras B The atmosphere is excellent! It's very quiet and the servers are extremely knowledgeable about food and very polite. They are also attentive to your needs and always there if you need them! The food is good and we enjoyed every minute while staying at the Divine Affair! Dec 20, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Demetra A Food was wonderful and beautifully presented. The wait staff was impeccable. Dec 5, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Laura F food was excellent, the ambient pleasant without being pretensious. The service was very too. Nov 20, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Ellen M I had 2 glasses of happy hour wine, and 2 appetizer items off the menu, which was a very nice light supper for me on a cold Friday night. Nov 14, 2014
Rated 4 out of 5 by David Y Busy night, can't expect attentive service, I enjoyed being their, will be their again during weekdays. Nov 8, 2014
Rated 2 out of 5 by Rosy T They only had 2 waitress n a host.. Our waiter was good however when I gave him the money to pay the check I waited 10 minutes just to get my change. I waved to the hostess several times and she looked at me and totally ignored me. Like I said only two waiters not enough people. Nov 6, 2014
Rated 5 out of 5 by Dennis H Food is great and waitress service is professional. Environment is business oriented. Oct 28, 2014
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A new BBK lowering kit is a great way to customize your vehicle. A lowered vehicle is not only a great way to restyle its look, but the BBK lowering kit also gives the vehicle a lower center of gravity that makes it more stable on turns, and stiffer suspension for better cornering. Whatever your primary reason for the change, you will find no better quality part than the BBK lowering kit to suit the needs of your vehicle, and no better way to purchase your parts than our convenient site. Our great prices, service, and 24- hour live help make this the best place to get your BBK lowering kit.
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What is the Avvo Rating?
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Very polite and curtious, very knowledgeable, and easy to talk to. Even just my experience with a consultation was refreshing compared to other...
Posted by: joshtay3, 6 months ago.
David Sanborn is simply one of the most supportive and helpful lawyers I've ever had the pleasure of working with. David's integrity and personality...
Posted by: a Real Estate client, over 1 year ago.
In addition to providing a simple way to express your gratitude to fellow lawyers, any time you add an endorsement to a peer's profile, a link to your profile will appear on it.
Endorse this lawyer
44 years since David W Sanborn was first licensed to practice law.
We have not found any instances of professional misconduct for this lawyer.


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5 Amazing!Posted: 17/11/2008Honestly this is one of the best films i have ever seen, its captivating and magical. Loved it :)
5 brilliant :)Posted: 07/06/2008it really is! great to see david tennant back! and catherine tate is so amazing! i love her character and she is an amazing actress, she has bought some comedy to the series :)
3 Its ok..Posted: 07/06/2008It works for it purpose of keeping the laptop and your legs cool, but its very big so it makes the laptop very high up..And the pocket in the middle, is useless, i can just squeeze my adaptor in it, but not the plug and you wont be able to fit a mouse in it as stated in the description.I think its kind of a rip off, mine seems to be very flimsy..
5 different!Posted: 05/06/2008finally, something different to listen too! An amazing new artist, and if you thought you haven't heard of her.. her song is on the V05 advert! Buy this album, even if its the only album you buy this year. Its incredible, you will not regret it!
5 Adore it!Posted: 24/04/2008best debut album for a looong time from anyone, adele has a huge career ahead of her!
Two Pints Of Lager And A Packet Of Crisps: Series 7 (2 Discs) DVD 10 New from £6.35 Free delivery Available used from £6.19
5 Brilliant :)Posted: 29/02/2008The best series yet, all the better without ralf little ;pIts so funny! so glad they made a 7th series, i can only hope there are many more to come :)
5 Perfect!Posted: 29/02/2008and thats exactly what it is :) perfect in every sense, freddie gives what i would say is the best performance of his career so far and for many years to come.Its not a cheesy love story whatsoever, its about having faith and never letting that go.I cried at the end :)
Doctor Who: The Voyage Of The Damned (2007 Christmas Special) (Dr.Who) DVD 10 New from £3.99 Free delivery Available used from £2.35
5 Excellent!Posted: 29/02/2008I really was not sure when after i had seen the trailer, could kylie really pull off coming back to the tv screens? well it turns out she can!She was amazing, their was so much chemistry between her and david, it all added to the tension. I will be buying this one, even though the price is slightly hefty :)
5 Amazing :)Posted: 29/02/2008Inspirational album :) Its very rare that someone has this much raw talent. Will be in the music industry for years to come. If you buy an album this year, make it this one :)


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Click here
In order to minimize the potential for identity theft, your application session will automatically terminate after 30 minutes. To avoid losing your application data, we recommend you take advantage of our "Application Save" feature at the bottom of the application. If you have saved your application and you receive a "timed out" error message, please log back into the Web site to complete and submit your application. If you do not use the "Application Save" function and the system terminates your application session, you will lose all information you have entered into the application system.
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Roger Yim
NOLS Instructor since: 1999 Courses taught: Whitewater, Mountaineering, Skiing, Backpacking
Roger Yim, who received a bachelor's degree in education from McGill University in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and who loves to eat fried pasta and pizza from the NOLS Cookery while in the backcountry, worked for Outward Bound and as an elementary school physical education teacher in Montreal before coming to work for NOLS. He has gone on personal mountaineering/climbing expeditions in Argentina, Mexico, Wyoming, the Cascades, and the Swiss Alps. He has also whitewater paddled all over the United States and Canada and enjoys backcountry skiing. When not working or playing out in the wild, Yim likes to eat BBQ and sushi, hang out with friends, and wear cotton clothing (non-outdoor gear).
Yim enjoys working for NOLS for a number of reasons— "the people, the chance to teach in a real and powerful natural environment, the adventure of twelve strangers going places that are wild and free, and the chance to play with cool gear and not just let it sit in your closet." He believes that one of the greatest lessons that NOLS students come away with is the ability to think for themselves. His favorite memories from courses include seeing the northern lights in the Yukon and "sending students off independently with pride."
Request a Catalog or call 1-800-710-6657 NOLS, 284 Lincoln Street, Lander, WY 82520-2848, USA Copyright © 2015 National Outdoor Leadership School. All rights reserved. NOLS is a 501(c)3 nonprofit educational institution.


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Shopping Cart
Working with Songs from the English Tradition
(Book). by David Atkinson, Vic Gammon, Rikky Rooksby, Mark Brend, John Morrish, Martin Carthy, and Nigel Williamson. Words & melodies for 80+ traditional songs, plus detailed explorations of their history & meaning and their value to writers & performers. With audio tracks of 20 songs recorded in the field.Spending Advertising Money in the Digital Age
How to Navigate the Media Flow
Seismic changes are occurring in the world of advertising due to the inexorable rise of new technologies and the way consumers are using new media. These changes in behaviour are challenging accepted ways of using the media to build brands. Based on data from the IPA Effectiveness Awards databank and from IPA TouchPoints, the world's first customer-centric media habits survey, plus research fromWords We Use: The Meaning of Words And Where They Come From
Diarmaid Ó Muirithe's column 'Words We Use' has been a feature of 'The Irish Times' for many years. This collection of his most memoarble contributions, by turns witty and sympathetic, wears its prodigious learning lightly and is sure to delight those captivated by the power of language to shape the world around us. Drawing on the author's nearly inexhaustible knowledge of languages, theirThe complete guide to getting hired
The ultimate all-in-one guide to job hunting success. Getting an edge in the hunt for work is vital and this book offers the edge that millions are missing. This no-nonsense, highly practical and outcome focussed guide to the whole process of job hunting takes you right from the planning stages through writing your CV, flying through aptitude tests, being interviewed on the phone and online, toThe First People's Festival Ceilidh and the Scottish Folk Revival
This book marks the 60th anniversary of the 1951 Edinburgh People's Festival Ceilidh and collects views and perspectives on the way the Scottish Folk Revival has evolved over the past sixty years. The Ceilidh at Oddfellows' Hall was a catalyst for the modern Scottish Folk Revival. It was presided over by Hamish Henderson and recorded by Alan Lomax. Also in 1951, the School of Scottish Studies wasCommon Phrases: …and the Amazing Stories Behind Them
In day-to-day speech we use words and phrases without a passing thought as to why we use them or where they come from. Max Cryer changes all that by showing how fascinating the English language really is. Did you know that the former host of Today, Jane Pauley, claims to have coined the term "bad hair day," or that a CBS engineer named Charley Douglass invented the name and use of "canned laughter


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Arkansas, Ex-Confederate Pension Records (FamilySearch Historical Records)Edit This Page
From FamilySearch Wiki
This article describes a collection of historical records available at FamilySearch.org. | |
Access the records: Arkansas, Ex-Confederate Pension Records, 1891-1939 .
Contents |
Record Description
The collection covers the years 1891 to 1939. It consists of images of pension records of former Confederate soldiers and widows who resided in the stateco of Arkansas. The records were created by the Arkansas State Auditor.
You can browse through images in this collection by visiting the browse page for Arkansas, Ex-Confederate ...ension Records, 1891-1939. |
Record Content
These records may contain the following information:
- Full Name of pensioner
- Pension Date Issued
- Warrant Number
- Amount Allowed
- Amount Paid
- The name of the County
How to Use the Record
To begin your search it is helpful to know the following:
- Name
- Other identifying information such as date pension was issued
Search the Collection
To search the collection:
⇒Select "Browse through images" on the initial collection page
⇒Select the appropriate "Pension Board minutes or Pension Lists"
⇒Select the appropriate "Year Range and County Range" which takes you to the images.
Look at each image comparing the information with what you already know about your ancestors to determine if the image relates to them. You may need to look at several images and compare the information about the individuals listed in those images to your ancestors to make this determination. Keep in mind:
- There may be more than one person in the records with the same name.
- You may not be sure of your own ancestor's name.
- Your ancestor may have used different names or variations of their name throughout their life.
Using the Information
When you have located your ancestor's record, carefully evaluate each piece of information given. The pieces of information in the record may give you new biographical details that can lead you to other records about your ancestors. Add this new information to your records of each family. This information will often lead you to other records. For example:
- Death dates may lead to death certificates, mortuary, or burial records.
- Use the age to calculate an approximate birth date.
- Use the birth date or age along with the residence or place of birth of the deceased to locate census, church, and land records.
Tips to Keep in Mind
- Compile the entries for every person who has the same surname as the deceased; this is especially helpful in rural areas or if the surname is unusual.
- Continue to search the records to identify children, siblings, parents, and other relatives who may have filed for the pension.
- When looking for a person who had a common name, look at all the entries for the name before deciding which is correct.
- When searching for an application keep in mind that in some cases the applications were filed under the name of the widow or other dependent who submitted an application.
- Pensions were processed by the state where the veteran or family member lived at the time, which was not always the state in which the soldier had served.
Unable to Find Your Ancestor?
- Look for variant spellings of the names. You should also look for nicknames and abbreviated names.
- Look for an index. There are often indexes at the beginning of each volume. Local genealogical and historical societies often have indexes to local records.
- Search the indexes and records of nearbylocalities .
Don't overlook FHL Keyword Arkansas, Civil War items in the FamilySearch Library Catalog. For other libraries (local and national) or to gain access to items of interest, see the wiki article Arkansas Archives and Libraries. For additional information about this state see the wiki article Arkansas. |
General Information About These Records
The U.S. pension law governing claims based on death or disability from military service was passed on 14 July 1862. Later pension laws were based on length of service and disability not necessarily incurred in the service. Beginning in 1892 women who were employed as nurses by the government were also eligible for pensions.
Pensions were granted to Confederate veterans, widows, and orphans by the former Confederate states. Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia have posted indexes and some links to images of Confederate pension records. The Family History Library has an excellent collection of available Confederate pension records. Those for the following states are available on film at the Family History Library.
Pensions were created to provide financial assistance for veterans or their widows after serving in the military. The information in these records is generally reliable.
Related Wiki Articles
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Contributions to This Article
We welcome user additions to FamilySearch Historical Records wiki articles. Guidelines are available to help you make changes. Thank you for any contributions you may provide. If you would like to get more involved join the WikiProject FamilySearch Records. |
Citations for this Collection
When you copy information from a record, you should list where you found the information; that is, cite your sources. This will help people find the record again and evaluate the reliability of the source. It is also good to keep track of records where you did not find information, including the names of the people you looked for in the records. Citations are available for the collection as a whole and each record or image individually.
Collection Citation:
Arkansas. Ex-Confederate Pension Records, 1891-1939. Arkansas State Auditor. Little Rock, Arkansas.
Image Citation:
The citation for an image is available on each image in this collection by clicking Show Citation at the bottom left of the image screen. You can browse through images in this collection by visiting the browse page for Arkansas, Ex-Confederate ...ension Records, 1891-1939. |
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We had a fun time in Sunday's Annie Sloan Introductory Workshop.
I had ten ladies join me for the class and this is one of the things
I taught them all~how to create an antiqued molding using Chalk Paint™
decorative paint and French Gilding Wax.
We started by using the Crackle technique on the molding board~see allthe cracks in the wood? The fancy picture frame molding was the inspiration for this simpler piece of molding~but it yielded the same stunning results.
After I taught them the Crackle Technique, I had them apply Annie Sloan™ Clear Wax followed by her Dark Wax to give it an aged look and to highlight
all the cracks and lines on the sample. But we weren't finished yet....
Another sample board we created was showing how to make
a rustic effect using irregular brush strokes and then applying the
Dark Wax for exposing the texture. The class used Old Ochre Chalk Paint™
followed by Dark Wax straight up~it looked like leather.
We played with Gilder's Paste in Antique Gold which has a coppery
look to it~we rubbed it into areas of the leathery Rustic Technique sample board. This would make an awesome furniture finish!
By adding an extra step using metallics you are able to enhance
your furniture and cabinetry projects with ease.
There were other techniques taught during the Introductory Workshop too.
But as you can see~Introductory doesn't mean Basic, Simple or Beginner...
You learn some awesome tricks using Annie Sloan's techniques
that she has taught all of us Stockists! So find a Stockist near you by
visiting AnnieSloanUnfolded.com to take a workshop if you would
like to learn this kind of stuff.
Of course if you are nearby,
I'd love to have you join me~!
Check out our workshop lineup right here at
You can also find the Gilding Wax at my online shop.
The Gilding Pastes will be added tomorrow~
Happy Painting!!


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For more than fifty years, the Dental Laboratory Owners Association of California has served the interests and needs for dental laboratory owners. Issues and information affecting the industry are highlighted in our publications and on our web site. We have established relationships with a credit union,a merchant card service and a credit reporting bureau.
Dental Lab Owners Association of California is on LMTmag.com!
LMTmag.com is an online network from LMT dedicated exclusively for members of the Dental Laboratory community. Join free to connect with Dental Lab Owners Association of California.


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Jan 09, 2002, 02:05 PM | |
Oh Herb, I am not ungreatfull, I hope I didnt come off like I was flaming them or anyting, I just think even if it is part time (spelled full time effort part time pay ) he would want to maximize his efforts, why not make the most $ of what he already has. I am just saying I think the translations would be alot less effort than the development of the semi kits has already been,, but I have never done anyting like that either.
Maybe a fellow E-zoner could do the translations, I am sure either the seller or the end buyer would glady pay the considerations for the basic plans, instructions much less a full build documentation with picks of the thing. You know what I mean, Like say hey Claus, kick me a kit and Ill build it and do the documentation in Dutch and English up for you or just do it and offer it for sale on the zone. Sorry if I implied any ingraditude in my suggestons or opinion. I am sure some day I will have the SU-27, 37 and maybe even Mig-29 in my hanger. I love the looks and quality of the jets. |
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These Maui vacation packages include air, hotel accommodations, and a car rental; kids 17 and younger stay free
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Please go to your email and confirm your subscription.


text:
Follow Private Practice
Violet Turner Quotes
Violet: Look, I know she has the largest chunk in this practice, but we agreed to equal votes. We are supposed to vote! Sam, you ought to do something!
Sam: What, me?
Violet: This divorce is killing us! You need to go apologize.
Pete: Just say you were wrong for walking out, so we can go back to being a happy family.
Violet: Yeah!
Sam: I never... I didn't... I am not apologizing to her. She's the one.... Naomi hires Addison and then moves her in right next door to me. I saw her naked this morning.
Cooper: You saw her naked?
Pete: Did she look good naked?
Violet: Focus!
- Permalink: Look, I know she has the largest chunk in this practice, but we...
- Added:
Sam: It's a power play. Naomi is trying to show that she has the power.
Pete: Why did Addison take the job anyway? Wasn't she a big shot in Seattle?
Violet: Is it just me or did Naomi just run over us with a steam roller.
Pete: Is she crazy?
Sam: Naomi's insane.
Pete: I mean Addison. Is she some kind of crazy person who gets kissed once, then decides to change her whole life?
Cooper: You kissed Addison? Really?
Violet: Focus!
- Permalink: It's a power play. Naomi is trying to show that she has the pow...
- Added:
Violet: You'll have Dell.
Naomi: He's studying to be a midwife.
Addison: The cute boy who answers the phone?
- Permalink: You'll have Dell. He's studying to be a midwife. The cute b...
- Added:
COOPER: "It's wrong?"
NAOMI: "You need to meet a grown up. You need to date someone your own age."
VIOLET: "Someone without a porny internet name and perhaps no criminal past."
NAOMI: "A nice girl."
VIOLET: "A reliable girl."
NAOMI: "Someone who you can have a relationship with."
VIOLET: "You're a respected doctor."
NAOMI: "Go out in the real world. Meet a woman your own age and go out."
VIOLET: "Be a man."
- Permalink: It's wrong? You need to meet a grown up. You need to date som...
- Added:
VIOLET: "What's the matter, Cooper?"
COOPER: "I don't go to hookers, I don't go to strip clubs. I meet women on the Internet. Who want to meet me. So I like them a little younger and a little dirtier. Is that wrong?"
- Permalink: What's the matter, Cooper? I don't go to hookers, I don't go ...
- Added:
Around the Web
Private Practice Quotes
Charlotte: My mom always says God doesn't give with both hands. You're young, beautiful, brilliant. There has to be something you can't have.
Amelia: Some days I'd give that all up.
Charlotte: That's just the craving talking. The longer you go without a drink...
Amelia: I drank at your wedding. I thought it was ginger ale. I spit it out.
Charlotte: OK, since then?
Amelia: Nothing, but I can't stop thinking about it.
Charlotte: It was an accident. Don't let a slip turn into a fall. Get your butt to a meeting.
- Permalink: My mom always says God doesn't give with both hands. You're youn...
- Added:
You are your past. Own it.
- Permalink: You are your past. Own it.
- Added:
Private Practice Music
Song | Artist | ||
Lost | The Mary Onettes | ||
Down In The Valley | The Broken West | iTunes | |
Message From Yuz | The Switches |


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Updated: 04/03/2014 6:42 PM
Created: 04/03/2014 4:56 PM KSTP.com
By: Megan Stewart
You've heard the warnings about texting and driving.
Now, the Federal Government hopes a new commercial drives that message home. The commercials, U Drive. U Text. U Pay., will air from April 7 through 15.
The new commercials are graphic and that's the point. They are part of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's campaign to cut down on distracted driving accidents and deaths.
In 2012, more than 33,000 people died in distracted driving crashes. The rise in incidents has led to 43 states banning texting while driving, including Minnesota and Wisconsin.
3 to 5 inches of Snow Could Hamper Morning Drive |
Buffalo Woman Charged with Child Neglect; Girl Found with Mittens for Shoes |
Philip Nelson Won't Spend Time in Jail for Role in Mankato Fight |
Residents React to Arrest of Minn. Man Charged with 59 Counts of Sexual Assault |
Wild Bring Leopold Home Among 3 Deadline-Day Deals |


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Title: | Vehicle Mod Installer v1.2 (Download) |
Category: | /Tools/Adding new downloads |
Author: | MobileD2 | Email |
Date: | 17.05.2011 | 122763 Downloads |
Filesize: | 1.84 MB |
Rating: | 5.77 based on 2490 votes |
GTA IV Vehicle Mod Installer - is an application which allows You make simple and fast replace original vehicle in GTA IV and episodes (TLAD, TBOGT) to specially made for this game models |
when i did it a black window opend and gta iv never start so do you know what went wrong please answer me find me a soluation
hey man ...i tried to install some cars in GTA IV and when i 2x clicked gtalauncher it opens that black window but gta IV doesn t start ...pls help i don t want to reinstal gta IV again damn...
GTA IV steam ver(188.8.131.52) is don't work :(
menu next dissapears after using this mod
the program runs but im constantly getting the
icirh5 error
Please make a Weapon Mod installer, it would be nice. =]
how can i tell if its licensed verson or not and if so how can i remove it?
If your game will not start after mod installed it may be because You have, probably, licensed game version. Mods don't work in licensed game because it has file modifying protection. If You want to install mods You have to remove it. Unfortunately only cracked tools can do it, so do it for your responsibility.