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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
"Pipeline army": a Russian geopolitical weapon?
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
Huge potential of natural resources, including oil, has determined that the Russian Federation (by reserves, production and export) to occupy a dominant position in the global energy economy. Following the implosion of communism and the difficult economic ... Keywords: "geopolitical weapon", energy resources, oil, regions, russia
Teodor Simion; Gica Pehoiu; ?tefan Ispas; Ovidiu Mur?rescu
The Atlantic Alliance and Geopolitics: New Realities and New Challenges
E-Print Network (OSTI)
geopolitical influence of petroleum energy resources; thethe revenues from its export of petroleum products. This wasgeopolitical changes is petroleum energy. During the cold
Lie, Kai Olaf
Geopolitical influences on German development policies in Africa and AIDS policies in Kenya
At the beginning of the twenty-first century Germany geopolitics can be characterized by its grand strategy as a civilian power. Germany has come to depend on a civilianized international system based on multilateralism, international institutions and the rule of law, supranational integration, free trade, and the restriction of the use of force as a means for international politics. Such a system requires the players in it to be peaceful and civilian, developed and cooperative, legitimate and law-abiding. Many African countries do not fulfill those conditions. Extremely high prevalence rates of HIV/AIDS in Africa severely undermine social structure, economic development and political stability and thus contribute to state failure. State failure is in fundamental conflict with Germany's prime geopolitical interest in promoting a civilianized international system, because a failing state is incapable of creating civilianized structures. After analyzing Germany's foreign and development policies since World War II, I came to the conclusion that all German foreign policies aim at promoting a civilianized international system. I am arguing that development policies are part of broader foreign policies and thus pursue this goal with respect to developing countries. However, for the system itself it is much more important that the big players in the world are included and committed to it. Therefore, German foreign policy focuses on the major powers in the world and, just as developing countries play a minor role in international politics, development policies play a minor role in Germany's grand strategy as a civilian power. German grand strategy, however, plays a major role in the design and the conduct of German development policies, policies used as tools to pursue Germany's broader geopolitical interest in promoting a civilianized international system.
Bachmann, Veit
World oil and geopolitics to the year 2010
This paper focuses on the interplay of market forces and politics in the world oil market projected to the year 2010. It argues that world oil demand will increase considerably, with Asian demand growing the fastest. Given that the growth of oil supply of producers outside the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) will be trivial, the call on OPEC oil will increase substantially. Yet, given their declining per-capita oil revenues, OPEC members may not be able to make timely investments in required upstream projects. If this happens, the supply constraint will lead to higher prices and intensified international competition for Arabian/Persian Gulf oil. Thus, foreign investment will be needed increasingly in OPEC states if prices are to remain stable. But geopolitical and institutional barriers to foreign investment in many OPEC members hinder foreign investment. It is imperative that major players in the world oil market cooperate to reduce such barriers in time to ensure that supply corresponds to rising demand. 22 refs., 8 figs., 10 tabs.
Amirahmadi, H.
version 11apr11a Geopolitics of the Global Oil System
-alternatives; the world growth in oil-fueled vehicles, and critique "Peak Oil" theories. Part 2, Political EconomySYLLABUS version 11apr11a Geopolitics of the Global Oil System The New School University Graduate-group blogs: 1. China Oil Affairs http://chinaoilaffairs.blogspot.com/ 2. Rentismo & Dutch Disease http
O'Donnell, Tom
Acquisition Conflict Resolution
Acquisition Conflict Resolution At the option of the Supplier, a concern may be brought to the Ombuds Office or may be taken to the Internal Conflict Resolution Process
Resilience of natural gas networks during conflicts, crises and disruptions
Human conflict, geopolitical crises, terrorist attacks, and natural disasters can turn large parts of energy distribution networks offline. Europe's current gas supply network is largely dependent on deliveries from Russia and North Africa, creating vulnerabililties to social and political instabilities. During crises, less delivery may mean greater congestion, as the pipeline network is used in ways it has not been designed for. Given the importance of the security of natural gas supply, we develop a model to handle network congestion on various geographical scales. We offer a resilient response strategy to energy shortages and quantify its effectiveness for a variety of relevant scenarios. In essence, Europe's gas supply can be made robust even to major supply disruptions, if a fair distribution strategy is applied.
Carvalho, Rui; Bono, Flavio; Masera, Marcelo; Arrowsmith, David K; Helbing, Dirk
Conflict Between Economic
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
progress. The fundamentality of the conflict ultimately boils down to laws of thermodynamics. Physicists and other scholars from the physical sciences are urgently needed for...
Agriculture, technology, and conflict
Conflict and agriculture have a long, shared history. The purpose of this research is to look at the relationships between agriculture, agricultural technologies, and conflict during current and recent conflicts, large scale and localized. Agriculture and its related technologies are often affected by conflict, but rarely acknowledged as a cause or solution to conflict. Literature reviews in six topic areas illustrate various facets of the relationship between agriculture and conflict. Research conducted in Santa Cruz del Quich�, Guatemala illustrates the ways farmers were impacted by the country�s civil war. It also examines farmer survival strategies during the war, and reveals the presence of minor localized conflict over water resources. Conflict over land is not a major concern at present. Market access for inputs and outputs are shown to have been a problem for a number of farmers during the civil war. The poverty of Santa Cruz farmers indicates that much could be gained by rural development. Research is unable to support the hypotheses that agricultural technologies have prevented or caused conflict in Santa Cruz del Quich�, or that they have played a large role in recovery from the country�s civil war. The author recommends that future research be undertaken in regions with a diverse set of agricultural technologies, and/or a recent history of significant technological change in agriculture. Policy recommendations include providing secure access to markets during war time, increasing capacity for home-based rural production, and continuing research into resilient crops. Finally, the author suggests that the responsible decision to develop, adopt, or introduce an agricultural technology must take into account the social consequences of that decision, including how the new technology may alleviate or contribute to conflict.
Zilverberg, Cody John
The Nagorno Karabakh Conflict. Causes of the conflict and obstacles to conflict resolution.
??Since 1988, the states of Armenia and Azerbaijan have been engaged in conflict over the enclave of Nagorno Karabakh. The conflict has developed into one� (more)
Nikkar-Esfahani, Hamidreza
Natural Gas Regulation in Transition: The Effects of Geopolitics and Prerequisites for Change in Transition Economies
Natural gas has become a major geopolitical concern in relations among transition countries and other European states. Transition economies have embarked on very different paths in using and regulating natural gas. Countries to the East, like Russia, by and large have undertaken few market-oriented reforms of their natural gas sectors. The new European Union member states have undertaken much broader reforms. These differences often lead to tension. Two factors seem particularly important in understanding when countries may embark on natural gas reforms. The first is energy efficiency, since low energy efficiency can make energy reforms socially and economically difficult. The second is corruption: vested interested and a captive state can play powerful roles in inhibiting reform. The article looks at the arguments behind each of these potential prerequisites for reform, and also examines comparative data on energy intensity and corruption. Interestingly, the countries with the lowest energy intensity and the lowest levels of corruption (and the fastest improvements in these areas) also undertook the most extensive natural gas reforms. The article concludes with a few brief examples of the cost with the status quo.
Evans, Meredydd
Essays on conflict, cooperation and economic development
This dissertation consists of three chapters on topics relating to conflict, social cooperation and development economics. Several studies have identified the impact of adverse economic shocks on civil conflict using ...
Ralston, Laura R. (Laura Rosalind)
Global Oil Geopolitics
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Iran-Iraq War . Iranian revolution . Arab Oil Embargo . Asian financial crisis . capacity exhausted . Global financial collapse . 9-11 attacks . OPEC cuts targets 1.7 ...
Conflict Resolution Day | Department of Energy
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Conflict Resolution Day Conflict Resolution Day Conflict Resolution Day October 18, 2012 10:00AM EDT All events in the Department of Energy's Forrestal Main Auditorium, Germantown employees can watch a VTC broadcast in Germantown A-117 and Cloverleaf 2071. Conflict Resolution Day takes a look at mediation, conciliation, negotiation, arbitration, the ombudsman, and facilitation to resolve conflict in the workplace. Employees and contractors are invited to join for any/all of the following events: 10:00am - 10:30am Cookies, Coffee, and Conversation 10:30am - 11:30am Self-Mediation presentation 11:30am - 12:00pm De-Stressing in a Stressful Environment presentation 12:00pm - 1:00pm Informal Information Session 1:00pm - 2:00pm Ergonomics IL Creations Forrestal Cafetaria will be offering a Conflict Resolution Day
Approaches to Conflict Dynamics Based on Rough Sets
Conflict analysis and conflict resolution play an important role in negotiation during contract-management situations in many organizations. The issue here is how to model a combination of complex situations among agents where there are disagreements ... Keywords: Approximation space, conflict, conflict graph, conflict resolution, negotiation, requirements engineering, rough sets
Sheela Ramanna; James F. Peters; Andrzej Skowron
Cooperative measures to mitigate Asia-Pacific maritime conflicts.
The economies of East Asia are predominantly export based and, therefore, place special emphasis on the security of the sea lines of communication (SLOCs). Due to economic globalization, the United States shares these concerns. Cooperative measures by the concerned parties could reduce the potential for disruption by maritime conflicts. Primary threats against the SLOCs are disputes over the resources under the seas, disputes over some small island groups, disputes between particular parties (China-Taiwan and North-South Korea), or illegal activities like smuggling, piracy, or terrorism. This paper provides an overview on these threats, issue by issue, to identify common elements and needed cooperation. Cooperation on other topics such as search and rescue, fisheries protection, and oil spill response may help support improved relations to prevent maritime conflicts. Many technologies can help support maritime cooperation, including improved communications links, tracking and emergency beacon devices, and satellite imaging. Appropriate technical and political means are suggested for each threat to the SLOCs.
Chai, Wen-Chung (Taiwan Navy)
Conflict of Interest and Nondisclosure Acknowledgement
Conflict of Interest and Nondisclosure Acknowledgement Conflict of Interest and Nondisclosure Acknowledgement This acknowledgement must be completed by individuals prior to receiving applications or other related information pertaining to, and participation in, the merit review process. The acknowledgement provides for each reviewer to understand conflict of interest and nondisclosure requirements associated with their participation in the merit review. Individuals with a conflict of interest may not participate in the merit review process or use or disclose information obtained during the merit review process, unless DOE has decided that there is acceptable mitigation of the identified conflict. In anticipation of my participating as a reviewer for the Department of Energy, I, ______________________________ (Print Name), acknowledge the following:
Causes and Visions of Conflict in Abkhazia
Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia and the Russians relations with Georgia and the South Caucasus in general,how the history of Georgia or the Caucasus might have been
Nodia, Ghia
Ethics - Conflicting Financial Interests | Department of Energy
Learning & Development New Employee Orientation Suppose I don't own any shares of stock. Do I still have to think about financial conflicts of interest? You might. A Federal...
Gender conflict in Iran| A critique of human rights and conflict resolution.
?? This study investigates to what extent international human rights advocates and conflict resolvers are skilled and equipped to deal with situations such as the� (more)
Sepehrrad, Ramesh
Environmental Conflict Resolution | Department of Energy
Environmental Environmental Conflict Resolution Environmental Conflict Resolution In November 2005, the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) jointly signed a memorandum directing Federal agencies to seek to increase the effective use of environmental conflict resolution (ECR) and collaborative problem solving (see http://www.whitehouse.gov/). The Department of Energy defines ECR as an ADR process which may include the use of a neutral third party, such as a mediator or facilitator to assist in the prevention or resolution of environmental disputes. ECR may also include the use of other collaborative processes (that may not necessarily use a neutral third party) to prevent or resolve environmental disputes. The memorandum also
Capturing conflict and confusion in CSP
Traditionally, developers of concurrent systems have adopted two distinct approaches: those with truly concurrent semantics and those with interleaving semantics. In the coarser interleaving interpretation parallelism can be captured in terms of non-determinism ... Keywords: CSP, Petri nets, automatic verification, conflict, confusion, interleaving concurrency, true concurrency
Christie Marrne Bolton
Adding conflict and confusion to CSP
In the development of concurrent systems two differing approaches have arisen: those with truly concurrent semantics and those with interleaving semantics. The difference between these two approaches is that in the coarser interleaving ... Keywords: CSP, Petri nets, automatic verification, conflict, confusion, interleaving concurrency, true concurrency
Christie Bolton
Nuclear conflict and ozone depletion Quick summary
Nuclear conflict and ozone depletion Quick summary o Regional nuclear war could cause global which traps pollutants o Nuclear weapons cause explosions, which then causes things around the vicinity to start burning, which in turn releases black carbon; it is not the nuclear material or fallout causing
Toohey, Darin W.
Can Trade and Foreign Direct Investment Signals Reduce International Conflicts?
After the Cold War, the effect of international trade and foreign direct investment (FDI) on international conflict becomes more and more significant. After evaluating the international conflict, the paper uses system of simultaneous equations to do ... Keywords: foreign direct investment, information signal, international conflict, trade
Cai Jie; Yu Shunhong
Work-life conflict and job mobility intentions
This study takes the first step in IT literature to examine the role of time-based and strain-based work-life conflicts on turnover and turnaway. Prior research on work-life (and work-family) conflicts and turnover typically examines it as a unidimensional ... Keywords: information technology professionals, turnaway, turnover, work-life conflict
Damien Joseph; Christine Koh
Conflict of Interest and Nondisclosure Acknowledgement Conflict of Interest and Nondisclosure Acknowledgement In anticipation of my participating in providing advisory and support services for the Department of Energy under Contract Number [INSERT LABORATORY CONTRACT NUMBER], I, ______________________________ (Print Name), acknowledge the following: (a) I understand that during the course of performing merit and/or peer review services under this contract, I may obtain access to confidential or proprietary business, technical, or financial information belonging to the Government or other entities, including but not limited to Department plans, policies, reports, studies, financial plans, internal data protected by the Privacy Act of 1974 (5 U.S.C. 552a), data which has not been released or otherwise made available to the public,
Poverty, Armed Conflict and Financial Instability
on mortgaging of future returns from resource wealth, tapping into influential international private interests. For example, Angolan war funding was on the basis of oil reserves and diamonds, which led to 95% of Angola?s oil share being used in debt servicing... ). Weak financial regulation in underdeveloped economics promotes wealth accumulation via fraud, destroying savings and living standards and sparking conflict; for example, during the 1997 collapse of Albanian pyramid schemes; the central bank was unable...
Baddeley, Michelle
OPERATIONS RESEARCH Vol. 60, No. 4, JulyAugust 2012, pp. 739756
managers expect the crude oil price to spike (due to inflation or geo-political conflicts), they could select securities less sensitive to oil price move- ments in the airline industry. To formalize our discussion, let us introduce the follow- ing setting. Let be a measurable space equipped with probability
Uryasev, Stanislav
Geopolitics, History, and International Relations
of Redundancy Problem: Why More Nuclear Security Forces MayProduce Less Nuclear Security", Risk Analysis 24(4): 935�and international security, eco- nomic development, nuclear
Robinson, William I.
for institutional reform in Bosnia and Herzegovina since theReform in Bosnia and Herzegovina�, East European Politics &
USAID-Forestry Conflict Management Training | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
form form View source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon » USAID-Forestry Conflict Management Training Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: USAID-Forestry Conflict Management Training Agency/Company /Organization: United States Agency for International Development Sector: Land Focus Area: Forestry Resource Type: Training materials Website: www.rmportal.net/training/collections/collection-conflict-management-t USAID-Forestry Conflict Management Training Screenshot References: Forest Conflict Management[1] Logo: USAID-Forestry Conflict Management Training About "The Online Learning Management System (OLMS) provides a web-based
The first Armenian Republic and its territorial conflicts with Azerbaijan.
??The thesis, which is based on extensive archival materials, explores the origins of the on-going conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan by focusing on the emergence� (more)
Imranli-Lowe, Kamala
The Jordan River Basin : culture in resource management and conflict.
??This thesis is a case study of the impact of culture on the management of water resources and the conflict over their usage by opposing� (more)
Ritzler, Jacob
OMB and CEQ Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict...
and Conflict Resolution September 18, 2012 - 3:01pm Addthis The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) on September 7,...
Environmental Conflict Resolution Third Annual Report January 2009
Third Annual Report Third Annual Report January 2009 U.S. Department of Energy EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Department of Energy (DOE or the Department) defines environmental conflict resolution (ECR) as the use of any collaborative process to prevent or resolve environmental conflicts, including but not limited to those processes involving the use of third-party neutrals. This definition is consistent with that provided in the Administration's 2005 Memorandum on Environmental Conflict Resolution which acknowledged the value of all types of dispute resolution and collaborative problem solving. Collaborative approaches to avoiding or resolving environmental conflicts have been used by DOE sites prior to the issuance of the ECR memorandum and continue to be
OMB and CEQ Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict
OMB and CEQ Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict OMB and CEQ Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict Resolution OMB and CEQ Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict Resolution September 18, 2012 - 3:01pm Addthis The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) on September 7, 2012, issued a joint memorandum calling for department and agency commitment to the goals identified in the Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict Resolution, and the goals identified in related policy guidance. This memorandum supersedes an OMB/CEQ joint memorandum issued in November 28, 2005, on Environmental Conflict Resolution. It broadens the efforts called for under the 2005 memorandum by explicitly encouraging appropriate and effective upfront environmental collaboration to minimize or prevent
OMB and CEQ Joint Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict
OMB and CEQ Joint Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and OMB and CEQ Joint Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict Resolution OMB and CEQ Joint Memorandum on Environmental Collaboration and Conflict Resolution This Office of Management and Budget (OMB) and Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) joint memorandum expands and builds on the November 28, 2005, Environmental Conflict Resolution (ECR) Memorandum, directing departments and agencies to increase the appropriate and effective use of third-party assisted environmental collaboration as well as environmental conflict resolution to resolve problems and conflicts that arise in the context of environmental, public lands, or natural resources issues, including matters related to energy, transportation, and water and land management. This memorandum supersedes and broadens the 2005 memorandum on ECR by
A Conflict Management Model for Architectural Design Collaboration
considered to be an agent- based model, the �agents� in FCDAmanagement model in an agent-based design environment. FCDA,model of conflict management, rather than rely on distributed, agent-based
Serag-Eldin, Gamil M.
Spatialities of conflict : identity and exclusion in Jerusalem and Johannesburg
Many cities the world round are known as sites of conflict. They have historically excluded portions of their populations through modification of the physical form of the city, among other mechanisms. These physical forms ...
Premo, Anna E
Motion perception with conflicting or congruent visual and vestibular cues
Introduction: We are required on a daily basis to estimate our position and motion in space by centrally combining noisy, incomplete, and potentially conflicting or ambiguous, information from both sensory sources (e.g. ...
Rader, Andrew Alan
Shooting up : the impact of illicit economics on military conflict
The study explores the nexus between illicit economies and military conflicts. It investigates when and how access by belligerents to the production and trafficking of illicit substances affects the strength of belligerents ...
Felbab-Brown, Vanda
Automatic generation of conflict-free IPsec policies
IPsec (IP security) will function correctly only if its security policies satisfy all the requirements. If the security policies cannot meet a set of consistent requirements, we said there are policy conflicts. In this paper, we analyze all situations ...
Chi-Lan Chang; Yun-Peng Chiu; Chin-Laung Lei
HQ Mediation Program for Workplace Conflicts | Department of Energy
HQ Mediation HQ Mediation Program for Workplace Conflicts HQ Mediation Program for Workplace Conflicts The DOE Headquarters Mediation Program began in 1995. We believe that most workplace conflicts are based on miscommunication, and that it is best to resolve them as early as possible before they enter a formal and adversarial process. We encourage referrals of conflicts at as early a stage as possible, believing that this offers the best opportunity for a lasting resolution. The program uses professional mediators under contract with the Department of Energy. Both parties must voluntarily agree to participate in mediation, and may bring with them a family member, colleague, union representative, or attorney. Mediations are strictly confidential, and information is shared only with those within the agency who need to know in
General pattern of global system conflicts and global threats of the 21st century
Data on global conflicts took place from 750 B.C. up to now are analyzed and their general pattern is revealed. An attempt is made to foresee the next global conflict called the conflict of the 21st century. Its nature and main characteristics are analyzed. ... Keywords: Fibonacci sequence, cluster analysis, global system conflicts, global threats, scenarios
M. Z. Zgurovsky
Free Trade and Global Environmental Governance: Rules, Actors and Conflicts
Free Trade and Global Environmental Governance: Rules, Actors and Conflicts Free Trade and Global Environmental Governance: Rules, Actors and Conflicts Speaker(s): Kate O'Neill Date: September 20, 2001 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Mithra Moezzi This talk will focus on emerging conflicts between different, but overlapping, sectors of global governance - on the one hand, the international economic order as represented by the World Trade Organization, and on the other, the international environmental order, as represented by the extensive network of global environmental regimes. In particular, it focuses on the fears raised by many that the WTO and associated Bretton Woods institutions are likely to undermine efforts by international governmental organizations and other non-state actors to protect the global environment. This fear has been driven in large part by
Conflict-free container routing in mesh yard layouts
Container terminals play an important role in global cargo transportation and they have become an essential intermodal interface between the sea and the land. In the container terminal, the service area is often arranged into rectangular blocks, which ... Keywords: Conflict-free, Container, Mesh yard layout, Number theory, Routing algorithm, Time requirement
Jianyang Zeng; Wen-Jing Hsu
Biofuels, biodiversity, and people: Understanding the conflicts and finding opportunities
Review Biofuels, biodiversity, and people: Understanding the conflicts and finding opportunities interests in biofuels. Biofuels are viewed by many policy makers as a key to reducing reliance on foreign concerns, and by reports questioning the rationale that biofuels substantially reduce carbon emissions. We
Efficient routing and conflict resolution in F and IADM networks
The paper introduces a novel routing technique and a way to realize passable permutations in F and IADM redundant multistage interconnection networks. The simplicity of selecting alternate routes for a given source-destination pair is demonstrated by ... Keywords: F networks, redundant networks, fault tolerance, network topology, conflict resolution, IADM networks, routing, passable permutations, multistage interconnection networks, cycles
Anand; Agrawal; Kini
Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict
Massive global ozone loss predicted following regional nuclear conflict Michael J. Mills* , Owen B a chemistry-climate model and new estimates of smoke produced by fires in contemporary cities to calculate the impact on stratospheric ozone of a regional nuclear war between developing nuclear states involving 100
The spread of violent civil conflict : rare state-driven, and preventable
This dissertation advances and tests an explanation for the spread of violent civil conflict from one state to another. The fear of such "substate conflict contagion" is frequently invoked by American policymakers as a ...
Black, Nathan Wolcott
The political economy of rural-urban conflict : lessons from West Africa & India
This dissertation occupies the intersection between the fields of International Development, Political Economy, and Peace & Conflict Studies to examine how economic networks spanning the rural-urban divide condition conflict ...
McDougal, Topher L. (Topher Leinberger)
System support for exploration and expert feedback in resolving conflicts during integration of metadata
A critical reality in integration is that knowledge obtained from different sources may often be conflicting. Conflict-resolution, whether performed during the design phase or during run-time, can be costly and, if done without a proper understanding ... Keywords: Exploration of alternatives, Feedback-based conflict-resolution, Metadata integration, System feedback, Taxonomy, User feedback
K. Sel�uk Candan; Huiping Cao; Yan Qi; Maria Luisa Sapino
Geopolitical implications of Middle East oil
SciTech Connect
Despite the current belief that there is no longer an energy crisis, the U.S. is highly dependent on imported oil from the Middle East. This dependence will increase with economic growth, causing crude imports to double by the year 2000. Without further investment in exploration and development, the U.S. will continue to suffer from a declining reserve base and the uncertainties associated with world politics.
Keplinger, H.F.
Global Oil Geopolitics - Energy Information Administration
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 imported refiner acquisition cost of crude oil WTI crude ... World Crude Oil Supply and Demand Balance 14
The ethnic dimension of alliance formation alignment patterns in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict .
??The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the alignment behaviors of Armenia and Azerbaijan during and after the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict and the effects of� (more)
San, Hakan
"We have this land as our right" : ethnicity, politics, and land rights conflict at Enoosupukia, Kenya.
??Population growth and internal migration in parts of the developing world have led to increased conflict over land rights carried out in the context of� (more)
Matter, Scott
Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Year Conflict Between Global Conservation and Native Peoples
readers and funders of conservation organizations who seekReview: Conservation Refugees: The Hundred-Conflict Between Global Conservation and Native Peoples By
Jenkins, David
Technology Adoption in Post-Conflict Regions: EDI Adoption in Kosovo After the War
Post-conflict developing regions are special cases of developing countries which have received little attention in information systems research. They are emergency situations which attract significant aid designed to help create economic stability through, ... Keywords: Conflict, Developing Countries, Electronic Data Interchange, Neo-Institutionalism, Supply Chain Management, Technology Adoption Theory, e-Business
Larry Stapleton
Classifying online dispute resolution through a comparison of family mediation and the Israel - Palestinian conflict
The Israel-Palestinian conflict has been characterized as intractable, inextricable, and the root cause of suffering and misery for many of the people who live in the Middle East. Whilst it would be unwise to believe that the solution to this problem ... Keywords: Israel-Palestinian conflict, interest based negotiation, negotiation support systems
John Zeleznikow; Emilia Bellucci
Conflicting Investment Incentives in Electricity Transmission Enzo Sauma, Student Member, IEEE and Shmuel S. Oren, Fellow, IEEE
1 Conflicting Investment Incentives in Electricity Transmission Enzo Sauma, Student Member, IEEE illustrates the potential existence of conflicting incentives concerning electricity transmission investment, this principle is not always true in deregulated electricity systems, where transfers are not always feasible
Post-conflict housing restitution : the European human rights perspective, with a case study on Bosnia and Herzegovina.
??The loss of one�s house is often one of the most dramatic personal consequences of armed conflict. In fragile post-conflict societies such a loss does� (more)
Buyse, Antoine Christian
The Role of Education in Peace and Conflict in Bosnia-Herzegovina: A comparative study of three schools.
??Abstract Education shapes people�s perspectives and lives and can be a permanent solution for conflicts. One of the conflict areas is Bosnia-Herzegovina, which is a� (more)
Buyukcanga, Naciye
2014 NERSC allocation requests due September 22
allocation requests due September 22 2014 NERSC allocation requests due September 22 August 13, 2013 by Francesca Verdier (0 Comments) NERSC's allocation submission system is...
2013 Allocation Request Submissions Due September 28
3 Allocation Request Submissions Due September 28 2013 Allocation Request Submissions Due September 28 August 1, 2012 by Francesca Verdier (0 Comments) The deadline for submissions...
'Talk about Conflict': Understanding Interpretive Repertoires in Community Mediation
While many studies investigate the mediation styles enacted during conflict resolution, relatively few of them discuss the communicative processes through which discursive structures are reproduced. This dissertation is a case study illustrating how the duality of structure operates. The purpose of this dissertation is (a) to reveal the discursive resources that community mediators use, (b) to demonstrate how mediators assemble their discursive resources to form a community of practice, and (c) to explore power relations between attorneys and mediators. To understand these issues, I conducted an ethnographic study at a community mediation center employing 25 volunteer mediators. Over 330 hours of participant observations and 41 interviews were completed. Results demonstrated that mediators relied on four interpretive repertoires during mediation: Cultural Competence, Volunteer Pride, Parenting Norms, and Business Professional(ism). They used these repertoires to navigate the tenuous and emotional mediation process. The repertoires provided the mediators with a degree of discursive flexibility in constructing and controlling the immediate situation, and the repertoires were enacted to serve multiple purposes. Further, the extemporaneous engagement of issues, emotions, and discursive resources was an essential skill that was cultivated only over time and with practice. Results also showed that the mediators assembled various repertoires in a number of ways including informal conversations, co-mediations, conference attendance, and organizational meetings. Analysis suggested that the institutional knowledge and discourses provided through formal learning was of secondary importance to developing personal repertoires by mediating as often as possible. In addition, because of the organizing practices of the mediators and the ad hoc nature of the organization, the organizational form of the mediation center was a community of practice. Finally, results found that the power struggles between attorneys and mediators centered on trying to define the mediation situation using different discursive resources. Establishing control of the environment and working the process were the two main goals of mediators, and the more they took ownership of these goals the more often the conflicts settled. This dissertation suggests that taking control of the mediation process is the first step to empowering the participants and achieving a workable mediated settlement.
Schaefer, Zach A.
Land-use conflicts in The Geysers-Calistoga KGRA: a preliminary study
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This preliminary study of potential land use conflicts of geothermal development in The Geysers region, one component of the LLL/LBL socioeconomic program, focuses on Lake County because it has most of the undeveloped resource and the least regulatory capability. The land resource is characterized in terms of its ecological, hydrological, agricultural, and recreational value; intrinsic natural hazards; and the adequacy of roads and utility systems and each factor is depicted on a map. Then those factors are analyzed for potential conflicts with both geothermal and urban development and the conflicts displayed on respective maps. A brief review of laws and methods germane to geothermal land-use regulation is included.
O'Banion, K.; Hall, C.; Haven, K.
Overcoming shadows of the past : post-conflict interstate reconciliation in East Asia and Europe
This dissertation explores the origins of interstate reconciliation after traumatic conflicts, mainly through the comparative study of postwar Sino-Japanese and (West) German-Polish relations. While Germany and Poland have ...
He, Yinan, 1970-
STS.011 American Science: Ethical Conflicts and Political Choices, Fall 2004
Explores the changing roles, ethical conflicts, and public perceptions of science and scientists in American society from World War II to the present. Studies specific historical episodes focusing on debates between ...
Gusterson, Hugh
Caucasian conflicts and the way out of deadlock through cultural affirmative philosophy.
??This essay will elaborate on the South Caucasian conflicts of Nagorno-Karabakh between Armenia and Azerbaijan, which happened from 1988-1994, and those between Georgia and its� (more)
Betlemidze, Mariam
Using quality of context to resolve conflicts in context-aware systems
Context-aware systems in mobile and pervasive environments face many conflicting situations while collecting sensor data, processing sensor data to extract consistent and coherent high level context information, and disseminating that context information ...
Atif Manzoor; Hong-Linh Truong; Schahram Dustdar
Conflict-of-Interest/Non-Disclosure Certificate For Reviewers Involved in
Conflict-of-Interest/Non-Disclosure Certificate For Reviewers Conflict-of-Interest/Non-Disclosure Certificate For Reviewers Involved in the Selection of Subcontractors for NEUP Research and Development Funds Conflict-of-Interest/Non-Disclosure Certificate For Reviewers Involved in the Selection of Subcontractors for NEUP Research and Development Funds The Department of Energy has a policy that individuals with a conflict of interest cannot participate in the technical review of procurement proposals. This certification must be completed by individuals prior to their participation in the pre-application and/or proposal review processes. 1. I will not participate in the review of any pre-application or proposal involving a particular matter that would have a direct and predictable effect on any person, company or organization with which I have a
1. Prior to directing the MA program on Coexistence and Conflict at Brandeis University, Mari Fitzduff was Director of UNU/INCORE, a United Nations University center for research on conflict issues in Northern Ireland. She was the founding director of the
. Examples of program designation include: Conflict Analysis and Resolution, Conflict Studies, Peace conflict prevention, management, resolution and transformation, peace studies, as well as diversity by a well-equipped professional corps, both indigenous and international, trained in the basic competencies
Fraden, Seth
Independent Mineral Processing Project Technical Due Diligence
Presentation Title, Independent Mineral Processing Project Technical Due Diligence ... CRIMM Energy-saving Magnetic Separation Equipment and Industrial�...
Modeling Cathode Cooling Due to Power Interruption
Presentation Title, Modeling Cathode Cooling Due to Power Interruption ... Development and Application of SAMI's Low Voltage Energy-Saving Technology.
compaction, computers, geothermal energy, pore-waternot MODELING SUBSIDENCE DUE T GEOTHERMAL FLUID PRODUCTION Opromise f o r developing geothermal energy i n the United
Lippmann, M.J.
2013 INCITE Proposals due June 27
INCITE Proposals 2013 INCITE Proposals due June 27 June 15, 2012 by Francesca Verdier (0 Comments) The Innovative and Novel Computational Impact on Theory and Experiment (INCITE)...
Chapter for the Oxford Handbook of the Economics of Peace and Conflict,
We survey the recent literature on the mental health effects of conflict. We highlight the methodological challenges faced in this literature, which include the lack of validated mental health scales in a survey context, the difficulties in measuring individual exposure to conflict, and the issues related to making causal inferences from observed correlations. We illustrate how some of these issues can be overcome in a study of mental health in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina. Mental health is measured using a clinically validated scale; conflict exposure is proxied by administrative data on war casualties instead of being self-reported. We find that there are no significant differences in overall mental health across areas which are affected by ethnic conflict to a greater or lesser degree. 1 These are the views of the authors and do not reflect the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors or the countries they represent. We thank Jed Friedman, Michelle Garfinkel, Peter Lanjouw, and Olga Shemyakina for helpful comments and Maya Shivakumar for excellent research assistance.
Quy-toan Do; Lakshmi Iyer; Michelle Garfinkel; Stergios Skaperdas
The Effectiveness of the EU as a Peace Actor in Post-conflict Bosnia Herzegovina: An Evaluative Study .
??The dissertation evaluates the effectiveness of the European Union as an actor of peace in post-conflict Bosnia Herzegovina. While doing that it discusses the use� (more)
Eralp, Ulas Doga
Resolving the agriculture-petroleum conflict: the experience of cacao smallholders in Mexico
In 1972, PEMEX, the Mexican national oil company, discovered huge reserves of oil and natural gas along the Gulf Coast, and began intensive exploitation in Tabasco and northern Chiapas states. Severe conflict between PEMEX and the agricultural economy of Tabasco seemed certain. But despite problems of labor scarcity, inflation, migration, pollution, agricultural production 1974 to 1979 increased for the state's major products - cacao, coconut, beef, and bananas. This study analyzes how agriculture-petroleum conflicts have been resolved in Tabasco, and how relevant its experience is to other agricultural areas undergoing rapid large-scale industrial development. Cacao farming was chosen as a case study. Detailed farm budget, family employment, and technical production data were used to document farm production strategies. Research results suggest that resolution of agriculture-petroleum conflicts depends on: demographic conditions, employment conditions, agricultural prices, petroleum company flexibility, government development policy, and farmer political strength. Support for the campesino sector is critical.
Scherr, S.J.
Conflict of Interest | U.S. DOE Office of Science (SC)
Office of Science (SC) Website
Conflict of Interest Conflict of Interest High Energy Physics (HEP) HEP Home About Research Facilities Science Highlights Benefits of HEP Funding Opportunities Closed Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOAs) Closed Lab Announcements Award Search Peer Merit / Review Policies Early Career Research Opportunities in High Energy Physics Graduate Fellows in High Energy Theory Guidelines Advisory Committees News & Resources Contact Information High Energy Physics U.S. Department of Energy SC-25/Germantown Building 1000 Independence Ave., SW Washington, DC 20585 P: (301) 903-3624 F: (301) 903-2597 E: email@example.com More Information » Peer Merit / Review Policies Conflict of Interest Print Text Size: A A A RSS Feeds FeedbackShare Page If you have any affiliation with, or any personal or financial connection
ADR Lunchtime Series Presentation: "Your Brain on Conflict" | Department of
ADR Lunchtime Series Presentation: "Your Brain on Conflict" ADR Lunchtime Series Presentation: "Your Brain on Conflict" ADR Lunchtime Series Presentation: "Your Brain on Conflict" February 13, 2014 12:00PM to 1:30PM EST Registration link: To attend in person, please register by email to Cindy Mazur (below) and provide name, citizenship, and agency/employer by February 7th. If you are a federal employee and have an HSPD-12 government ID badge, you do not need to RSVP. Instead, show your HSPD-12 badge to the DOE guard. To listen only via teleconference, please call 202-287-5318. If you have any questions about this reservation number 453482, please contact the DOE Headquarters Operators by calling 301-903-3000. Materials for this presentation will be posted a few days in advance of the program at ADR
pore-water pressures , subsidence. DISCLAIMER NeiIher ( h ehere," do not MODELING SUBSIDENCE DUE T GEOTHERMAL FLUIDSecond Syhposium on Land Subsidence 1976 a t Anaheim, I n t
Towards a knowledge repository for collaborative design process: focus on conflict management
The increasing competition and complexity of products and processes require new organizational concepts for product development. Collaborative design deals with the sharing of various interests and resources among various actors with the aim of reaching ... Keywords: Collaborative design, Conflict management, Knowledge repository
L. Gzara Yesilbas; M. Lombard
Joint Metering and Conflict Resolution in Air Traffic Control Jerome Le Ny
Joint Metering and Conflict Resolution in Air Traffic Control Jerome Le Ny and George J. Pappas programming. A key feature of this approach is its ability to also take into account various metering and metering in order to support this task. This paper addresses this problem by presenting a trajectory
Plotkin, Joshua B.
Cache directory look-up re-use as conflict check mechanism for speculative memory requests
DOE Patents (OSTI)
In a cache memory, energy and other efficiencies can be realized by saving a result of a cache directory lookup for sequential accesses to a same memory address. Where the cache is a point of coherence for speculative execution in a multiprocessor system, with directory lookups serving as the point of conflict detection, such saving becomes particularly advantageous.
Ohmacht, Martin
Is Hubble's Expansion due to Dark Energy
{\\it The universe is expanding} is known (through Galaxy observations) since 1929 through Hubble's discovery ($V = H D$). Recently in 1999, it is found (through Supernovae observations) that the universe is not simply expanding but is accelerating too. We, however, hardly know only $4\\%$ of the universe. The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) satellite observational data suggest $73\\%$ content of the universe in the form of dark-energy, $23\\%$ in the form of non-baryonic dark-matter and the rest $4\\%$ in the form of the usual baryonic matter. The acceleration of the universe is ascribed to this dark-energy with bizarre properties (repulsive-gravity). The question is that whether Hubble's expansion is just due to the shock of big-bang & inflation or it is due to the repulsive-gravity of dark-energy? Now, it is believed to be due to dark-energy, say, by re-introducing the once-discarded cosmological-constant $\\Lambda$. In the present paper, it is shown that `the formula for acceleration due to dark-energy' is (almost) exactly of same-form as `the acceleration formula from the Hubble's law'. Hence, it is concluded that: yes, `indeed it is the dark-energy responsible for the Hubble's expansion too, in-addition to the current on-going acceleration of the universe'.
R. C. Gupta; Anirudh Pradhan
EAC Meeting Cancelled Due to Weather
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
This week's Electricity Advisory Committee (EAC) meeting has been cancelled due to a strong winter storm which is predicted to impact the Washington DC area on Wednesday. Originally scheduled to be held March 6 and March 7 in Arlington, Virginia, the EAC meeting may possibly be rescheduled for a later date. If the meeting is rescheduled, details will be posted online and will be published in a new Federal Register notice.
Previous studies had been done in order to show the attenuation of alpha particles in filter media. These studies provided an accurate correction for this attenuation, but there had not yet been a study with sufficient results to properly correct for attenuation due to dust loading on the filters. At the Savannah River Site, filter samples are corrected for attenuation due to dust loading at 20%. Depending on the facility the filter comes from and the duration of the sampling period, the proper correction factor may vary. The objective of this study was to determine self-absorption curves for each of three counting instruments. Prior work indicated significant decreases in alpha count rate (as much as 38%) due to dust loading, especially on filters from facilities where sampling takes place over long intervals. The alpha count rate decreased because of a decrease in the energy of the alpha. The study performed resulted in a set of alpha absorption curves for each of three detectors. This study also took into account the affects of the geometry differences in the different counting equipment used.
Dailey, A; Dennis Hadlock, D
Examination of supervisor assessments of employee work-life conflict, supervisor support, and subsequent outcomes
Research in the work-life area has typically concerned individuals' assessments of their own conflict. The current study went beyond this by examining supervisor assessments of employee conflict and how they relate to the support given to employees. This support, traditionally measured using a unidimensional measure of support, was measured with a multidimensional measure that differentiates eight separate forms of support, including listening, emotional, emotional challenge, reality confirmation, task appreciation, task challenge, tangible assistance, and personal assistance support. Additionally, the amount of personal contact between the supervisor and the employee and the extent to which the supervisor likes the employee were examined as potential moderators of the relationship between supervisor assessments and the support given. Further, employee satisfaction with supervisor support, as well as the potential moderating role of the need for support on the relationship between the provided support and the employee's satisfaction with the support, were explored. Finally, employee satisfaction with the eight forms of support and subsequent outcomes (i.e., subsequent work-life conflict, job satisfaction, turnover intentions, organizational commitment, and job performance) as they relate to the provided support were examined. Data were collected from 114 pairs of employees and supervisors. Employees were assessed at two time periods two weeks apart whereas supervisors were assessed at one time period, within five days of the employee's first time period. Results showed that supervisor assessments of employee work-life conflict were either unrelated or negatively related to the eight forms of support. Additionally, it appears that when supervisors perceived employees as having a high degree of work-to-life conflict, they provided relatively high and relatively equal amounts of emotional challenge and reality confirmation support to employees regardless of how much they liked them. When supervisors perceived employee work-to-life conflict as being low, however, they provided significantly more emotional challenge and reality confirmation support when they liked the employee as opposed to when they did not like the employee. Furthermore, the relationship between emotional challenge support and job satisfaction was mediated by satisfaction with emotional challenge support, the relationship between task appreciation support and affective commitment was mediated by satisfaction with task appreciation support, and the relationship between task appreciation support and job satisfaction was mediated by satisfaction with task appreciation support. Finally, when emotional challenge support was provided, greater levels of support led to greater employee satisfaction, especially if there was a need for the support. However, when reality confirmation support was provided, employees were less satisfied with the support when a large amount of support was provided and the employees' need for support was low.
Youngcourt, Satoris Sabrina
??The purpose of this research is to address how geopolitical factors influence the foreign policies of states in the South Caucasus. Due to the recent� (more)
Burns, Nathan
Demilitarization of the Siachen conflict zone : concepts for implementation and monitoring.
Pakistani and Indian militaries have been occupying the Siachen Glacier and surrounding regions for decades. Although a cease-fire is in place, continued occupation carries the risk of an inadvertent conflict, which could escalate into a full-fledged nuclear-backed confrontation. Political and military analysts in Pakistan and India now question the strategic significance of the Siachen Glacier and agree that under the right circumstances, military withdrawal from the Siachen Glacier region would not adversely affect either state. The difficulty lies in conducting the withdrawal in such a way that neither side feels vulnerable, and in maintaining the demilitarization in a way that can be verified. In this paper, the authors who have both held command responsibilities in the Siachen Glacier region present a process for conducting and verifying the demilitarization of the Siachen Glacier region. The authors discuss the role of monitoring and verification tools and their relevance to this border zone of conflict.
Kanwal, Gurmeet (Indian Army); Hakeem, Asad (Pakistan Army); Vannoni, Michael Geoffrey; Rajen, Gaurav
Special Report on "Allegations of Conflict of Interest Regarding Licensing of PROTECT by Argonne National Laboratory"
In February 2009, the Office of Inspector General received a letter from Congressman Mark Steven Kirk of Illinois, which included constituent allegations that an exclusive technology licensing agreement by Argonne National Laboratory was tainted by inadequate competition, conflicts of interest, and other improprieties. The technology in question was for the Program for Response Options and Technology Enhancements for Chemical/Biological Terrorism, commonly referred to as PROTECT. Because of the importance of the Department of Energy's technology transfer program, especially as implementation of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act matures, we reviewed selected aspects of the licensing process for PROTECT to determine whether the allegations had merit. In summary, under the facts developed during our review, it was understandable that interested parties concluded that there was a conflict of interest in this matter and that Argonne may have provided the successful licensee with an unfair advantage. In part, this was consistent with aspects of the complaint from Congressman Kirk's constituent.
Strategic Analysis of Railroad Rate, Cost, and Service Prospects: Conflict or Cooperation
The railroad industry has consolidated into a handful of recently merged mega-carriers, facing mountains of debt, intense pressure to improve financial returns, and wary shippers stung by episodes of poor service. Power generators, too, have been consolidating and are operating under heightened cost pressures. How might these conflicting cost, service, and profit pressures play out over the next five years? This study analyzes these factors for representative movements of eastern and western coal by all ...
of the sturdy and industrious Nepalis entered Bhutan, on the invitation of the Raja, with British encouragement to clear the Duars or the foothills of Southern Bhutan, while others came in search of cultivable land. In 1909 a British officer noted with some... worry in a backward region of India, as well as the seemingly deliberate attempts of the ethnic movements to loosely define the term 'foreigner'. They have suffered large-scale evictions and internal displacement. This paper looks at the conflict...
Nath, Lopita
The lost revolution : capitalism, democracy and black citizenship in early twentieth-century America's biggest race conflicts
This new racial conflict over the future of blacks' social, political and economic self determination became an inescapable "trial by fire" for American democracy. Throughout the United States, W.E.B. Du Bois' "New Negroes," ...
Butler, Katonio A. (Katonio Arthella)
Agent-based models of socio-hydrological systems for exploring the institutional dynamics of water resources conflict
The Basins-At-Risk theory formulates relations between institutional capacity in a basin and the level of water conflict in that basin, suggesting that higher levels of institutional capacity will lead to reduced levels ...
Kock, Beaudry E. (Beaudry Evan)
Pressure Drops Due to Silica Scaling
Experience with reinjection returns in many geothermal fields has prompted a move towards injecting waste fluids at some distance from the production field. This means that often, reinjection pipelines cover very long distances. If the waste water in the pipelines is supersaturated with respect to amorphous silica, then the deposition of silica in these pipelines is almost certain. Although the deposit may be of negligible thickness, the inner surface characteristics of the pipe will be different to those of clean mild steel. During a silica scaling experiment. geothermal brine was passed through a series of pipes of different sizes and over a period of three weeks, silica scale formed on the inner surface. The pressure drop along a distance of approximately 5m was measured by a water manometer in all test pipe sections. Significant pressure drop was observed during this time and can be correlated with the increase in the friction factor of the pipe walls due to silica scaling.
Brown, K.L.; Freeston, D.H.; Dimas, Z.O.; Slatter, A.
and produce only 10% of oil and gas. (Exxon Mobile, Chevron,has also secured itself oil and gas supplies from everywhereto Kazak and Turkmen oil and gas. A pipeline from Kazakhstan
significance of petroleum energy sources d) The emergingaccordingly � to the sources of petroleum energy. Another
Export.gov - The Geopolitics of Israel's Offshore Gas Reserves
analysts have noted that after buying DEPA and after the launching of the South Stream gas pipeline in the future, Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Croatia will all come under the...
Screening China : China in popular geopolitics, 2000-2009.
??Looking at global box-office winners from the years 2000-2009, this paper finds that the China we encounter on the silver screen, is rarely an antagonist.� (more)
Braastad, J. Steffen
for Germany to acquire nuclear weapons. Paris in all hasteno foreign troops or nuclear weapons on former East Germanthe withdrawal of nuclear weapons from German soil. This
40% and 31% of German gas imports. ) 11 In order to reduceimports come from the Middle East or other unstable areas, natural gas
60% of proven global oil reserves and 45% of gas reserves.3% of global reserves and produce only 10% of oil and gas. (Arabia in oil (9,5 MBD in 2004) with reserves expected to
Subsidence due to geothermal fluid withdrawal
Single-phase and two-phase geothermal reservoirs are currently being exploited for power production in Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, the U.S. and elsewhere. Vertical ground displacements of upto 4.5 m and horizontal ground displacements of up t o 0.5 m have been observed at Wairakei, New Zealand that are clearly attributable to the resource exploitation. Similarly, vertical displacements of about 0.13 m have been recorded at The Geysers, California. No significant ground displacements that are attributable to large-scale fluid production have been observed at Larderello, Italy and Cerro Prieto, Mexico. Observations show that subsidence due to geothermal fluid production is characterized by such features as an offset of the subsidence bowl from the main area of production, time-lag between production and subsidence and nonlinear stress-strain relationships. Several plausible conceptual models, of varying degrees of sophistication, have been proposed to explain the observed features. At present, relatively more is known about the physical mechanisms that govern subsidence than the relevant therma mechanisms. Although attempts have been made to simulate observed geothermal subsidence, the modeling efforts have been seriously limited by a lack of relevant field data needed to sufficiently characterize the complex field system.
Narasimhan, T.N.; Goyal, K.P.
Political mobilization, venue change, and the coal bed methane conflict in Montana and Wyoming
The emerging conflict over coal bed methane (CBM) exploration and development in the mountain west offers a classic example of what Baumgartner and Jones call a 'wave of criticism.' The cozy subgovernments that have dominated energy exploration and development in the mountain states are now under attack and are struggling to maintain their autonomy. Energy exploration, which was once perceived to have only positive consequences, is now the focus of an intense debate that has managed to unite previously warring factions. This article utilizes a comparative assessment of CBM politics in Montana and Wyoming to explain the connection between changing popular and elite perceptions of the issue, institutional change, and policy change.
Duffy, R.J. [Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO (United States)
Managing the global commons decision making and conflict resolution in response to climate change
A workshop was convened to develop a better understanding of decision-making matters concerning management of the global commons and to resolve conflicts in response to climate change. This workshop report does not provide a narrative of the proceedings. The workshop program is included, as are the abstracts of the papers that were presented. Only the introductory paper on social science research by William Riebsame and the closing summary by Richard Rockwell are reprinted here. This brief report focuses instead on the deliberations of the working groups that developed during the workshop. 4 figs., 1 tab.
Rayner, S. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (USA)); Naegeli, W.; Lund, P. (Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (USA))
Geothermal energy and the land resource: conflicts and constraints in The Geysers-Calistoga KGRA
This study of potential land-related impacts of geothermal power development in The Geysers region focuses on Lake County because it has most of the undeveloped resource and the least regulatory capability. First, the land resource is characterized in terms of its ecological, hydrological, agricultural, and recreational value; intrinsic natural hazards; and the adequacy of roads and utility systems. Based on those factors, the potential land-use conflicts and constraints that geothermal development may encounter in the region are identified and the availability and relative suitability of land for such development is determined. A brief review of laws and powers germane to geothermal land-use regulation is included.
O'Banion, K.; Hall, C.
Conflict detection in internet router tables,� Albert-Ludwigs-Universit�t Freiburg
Preamble. Packet filters are rules in IP router tables for classifying packets based on the information in their header fields. For forwarding purposes, there has to be a unique best matching filter which applies to an incoming packet p. In order to avoid ambiguities in the classification, the set of filters must be conflict-free under the tie-breaking rule which is applied. In this report we establish some properties of filters to provide a basis for our future work in this field. Furthermore, we give a review of the accomplishments in this area and outline open problems.
Christine Kupich; Khaireel A. Mohamed
Microsoft Word - Policy Flash 2010-78 Attachment 3 Conflicts of Interest Cert- template-Final _8-17-10_
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST CERTIFICATE CONFLICTS OF INTEREST CERTIFICATE TO: _____________________________, Source Evaluation Board (SEB) Contracting Officer I certify that I am not aware of any matter which might reduce my ability to participate in the __________________ source selection in an objective and unbiased manner or which might place me in a position of a conflict, real or apparent, between my responsibilities as a member of the SEB and other interests. In making this certification, I have considered all my stocks, bonds, other financial interests, and employment (past, present, or under consideration) and, to the extent known by me, all the financial interests and employment arrangements of my spouse, my minor children, and other members of my immediate household or other
On-line alert systems for production plants: A conflict based approach
We present a new methodology for detecting faults and abnormal behavior in production plants. The methodology stems from a joint project with a Danish energy consortium. During the course of the project we encountered several problems that we believe are common for projects of this type. Most notably there was a lack of both knowledge and data concerning possible faults, and it therefore turned out to be infeasible to learn/construct a standard classification model for doing fault detection. As an alternative we propose a method for doing on-line fault detection using only a model of normal system operation. Faults are detected by measuring the conflict between the model and the sensor readings, and knowledge about the possible faults is therefore not required. We illustrate the proposed method using real-world data from a coal driven power plant as well as simulated data from an oil production facility.
Nielsen, T.D.; Jensen, F.V. [University of Aalborg, Aalborg (Denmark)
Residual Circulations Due to Bottom Roughness Variability under Tidal Flows
Tidal flows over irregular bathymetry are known to produce residual circulation flows due to nonlinear interaction with gradients of depth. Using the depth-averaged vorticity equations, the generation of residual vorticity and residual flows due ...
Thomas F. Gross; Francisco E. Werner
Institutions, Identity, and Ethnic Conflict: International Experience and Its Implications for the Caucasus. 1997 Caucasus Conference Report.
change over time. In Georgia and the Caucasus in general, anof Georgia� (1994) and �Mediation in the Caucasus� (1996).Caucasus, and is writing her dissertation on state building in the context of violent conflict and large displaced populations in Georgia and
Garcelon, Marc; Johnstone, Kari; Patten-Wood, Alexandra; Eskin, Enna
Comparative reflections on the use of modelling tools in conflictive water management settings: The Mancha Occidental aquifer, Spain
Participatory methods provide an increasingly accepted path to integrated assessment. This paper reflects on the role of two participatory modelling initiatives implemented in a highly conflictive setting: the Mancha Occidental aquifer, Spain. The methodologies ... Keywords: Aquifer, Bayesian belief networks, Groundwater modelling, Integrated assessment, Mancha Occidental, Participatory modelling
P. Mart�nez-Santos; H. J. Henriksen; P. Zorrilla; P. E. Mart�nez-Alfaro
The Politics of Abundance: Export Agriculture and Redistributive Conflict in South America
affect factors�such as capital intensity, asset specificity,states�and due to the capital intensity of production, ithas increased the capital intensity, decreased the labor
Richardson, Neal Philip
Hydrodynamic Interactions of Two Micro-bubbles Due to an ...
Presentation Title, Hydrodynamic Interactions of Two Micro-bubbles Due to an ... A Review of Pyro, Hydro and Electro-metallurgical Processes for Recovering�...
Degradation of Wellbore Cement Due to CO2 Injection
production. This is due to value-added opportunities such as enhanced oil recovery (EOR), enhanced gas recovery (EGR), and enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery. There...
Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! | Department of Energy
Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! Renewable Energy Loan Applications Due Today! October 5, 2010 - 12:15pm Addthis Ebony Meeks Former Assistant Press Secretary, Office of Public Affairs If you haven't submitted your Part I application for Department of Energy Loan Guarantee Program's Renewables Solicitation yet, today is your last day! Round 8, Part I applications for DOE's Energy Efficiency, Renewable Energy and Advanced Transmission and Distribution Technologies Solicitation (2009) are due today by midnight EDT. Applicants can submit information through either the online application portal or by using FedConnect and Express Mail. Round 7 and Round 8 Part II applications are due December 31, 2010. The "Renewables Solicitation" invites the submission of applications
Cost, Conflict and Climate: U.S. Challenges in the World Oil Market
than 20% compared to Corn ethanol does signi?cantly reducebiofuel in the U.S. is corn-based ethanol. Over 95% ofremainder coming from corn-based ethanol. Unfortunately, due
Borenstein, Severin
Black/brown cooperation and conflict in the education policymaking process
The way race works to shape politics is changing as demographic patterns alter the traditional dynamic of race relations throughout the United States. One pattern is the increased tendency of African-Americans and Latinos to reside in the same locality. While popular opinion suggests that such contexts should result in the formation of ��?rainbow coalitions,� several scholars have found evidence that inter-minority relations are characterized by high levels of political competition. One of the policy areas in which competition has been observed most often is education. This dissertation examines the conditions under which African-American/Latino relations are likely to be characterized by cooperation or conflict within the education policymaking process. It utilizes a survey of 1800 school districts, containing 96% of all urban districts in the United States. The results produced by this study, therefore, are applicable to nearly the entire universe of urban educational systems. Another unique aspect of this project is that, rather than focusing on relations at one stage of the policy process, it attempts to trace this dynamic through each stage. Thus, the dissertation begins with a look at the circumstances under which Black/Brown electoral coalitions will form in school board elections. The findings suggest that coalition formation is contingent upon structural contexts, specifically the presence of partisan elections, and upon the citizenship status of the Latino population within a district. The dissertation goes on to trace the cooperative and competitive forces that affect the hiring of African- American and Latino administrators and teachers. Lastly, I use theories of bureaucratic politics and racial context to study the quality of education received by minority students. I find that, controlling for other factors, more diverse school districts have more equitable educational policies. I also find evidence to support the contention that more diverse teaching faculties tend to result in beneficial outcomes for both African- American and Latino students.
Rocha, Rene Rolando
Protect the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due...
Protect the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change, Says Joint White House and Department of Energy Report Print E-mail Using Technology to Bring...
Spectral Energy Dissipation due to Surface Wave Breaking
A semiempirical determination of the spectral dependence of the energy dissipation due to surface wave breaking is presented and then used to propose a model for the spectral dependence of the breaking strength parameter b, defined in the O. M. ...
Leonel Romero; W. Kendall Melville; Jessica M. Kleiss
Study finds radioactivity around Los Alamos largely due to natural...
received by Los Alamos residents are natural. Less than 1 percent is due to global fallout resulting from worldwide early-stage nuclear weapons testing. Where the LANL study...
Solar Radiation Absorption due to Water Vapor: Advanced Broadband Parameterizations
Accurate parameterizations for calculating solar radiation absorption in the atmospheric column due to water vapor lines and continuum are proposed for use in broadband shortwave radiative transfer codes. The error in the absorption values is ...
Tatiana A. Tarasova; Boris A. Fomin
Alignment of fee Crystals due to Transient Electric Fields
The alignment of columnar ice crystals due to the electric field surrounding a moving charged object, such as an aircraft, is modeled. The model allows the conditions of charge, velocity, ambient electric field, and size and shape of crystal to ...
D. A. Burrows; J. L. Stith
Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to
Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change Protecting the Electric Grid from Increasingly Severe Weather Due to Climate Change August 12, 2013 - 5:25pm Addthis Transmission lines along Highway 15 outside Victorville, California. | Photo courtesy of Abby Rowling. Transmission lines along Highway 15 outside Victorville, California. | Photo courtesy of Abby Rowling. Patricia A. Hoffman Patricia A. Hoffman Assistant Secretary, Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability Jim Stock Member - White House Council of Economic Advisers EDITOR'S NOTE: This article originally appeared on WhiteHouse.gov. This week marks the tenth anniversary of one of the worst power outages in the United States, during which tens of millions of Americans were affected
BOUSSINESQ MODELING OF SURFACE WAVES DUE TO UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES DENYS DUTYKH AND HENRIK KALISCH Abstract. Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface distinct generation mechanisms of a tsunami are underwater earth- quakes, and submarine mass failures
BOUSSINESQ MODELING OF SURFACE WAVES DUE TO UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES DENYS DUTYKH # AND HENRIK KALISCH Abstract. Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface of a tsunami are underwater earth quakes, and submarine mass failures. Among the broad class of submarine mass
BOUSSINESQ MODELING OF SURFACE WAVES DUE TO UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES DENYS DUTYKH AND HENRIK KALISCH Abstract. Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface tsunamis. Two distinct generation mechanisms of a tsunami are underwater earthquakes, and submarine mass
Turbine Nozzles Failure Due to Bird Strike - Programmaster.org
Presentation Title, Turbine Nozzles Failure Due to Bird Strike ... crystal (SX) nickel-based superalloy with environmental coatings on the flow path ... was caused by clogged cooling holes and film cooling reduction, resulting in ... Analysis of Crack Development Involving a Pressure Vessel in a Synthetic Gas Production Plant.
Slide 1
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Energy Conference Energy Conference April 7, 2009 (1) Economic prosperity is intimately tied to affordable energy. (2) There is potential for geopolitical conflict due to escalating competition for energy resources. (3)The risk of adverse Climate Change. The Energy Problem Oil Dependency is a Drain on our Economy (Using EIA data) Oil Dependency is a Drain on our Economy FRBSF Economic Letter 11/18/05 Gray bars indicate a recession Percentage price increase US oil became a net oil importer in the 1940s China's Oil Production and Consumption, 1990-2010* 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 5,000 6,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Year Thousand Barrels Per Day Forecast Consumption Production Net Imports Source: EIA International Energy Annual 2006; Short-Term Energy Outlook (March 2009)
Rising Sea Levels Due to Global Warming Are Unstoppable
Rising Sea Levels Rising Sea Levels Due to Global Warming Are Unstoppable Rising Sea Levels Due to Global Warming Are Unstoppable Mitigation can slow down but not prevent sea level rise for centuries to come August 5, 2013 Contact: Linda Vu, email@example.com, +1 510 495 2402 washington.jpg Because seawater absorbs heat more slowly than the atmosphere above it, our oceans won't feel the full impact of the greenhouse gases already in the air for hundreds of years. Warm water expands, raising sea levels. (Courtesy W. Washington) Select to enlarge. A reduction in greenhouse gas emissions could greatly lessen the impacts of climate change. However, the gases already added to the atmosphere ensure a certain amount of sea level rise to come, even if future emissions are reduced. A study by National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)
Plasma Frequency Shift Due to a Slowly Rotating Compact Star
We investigate the effects of a slowly rotating compact gravitational source on plasma oscillations using the gravitoelectromagnetic approximation to General Relativity. It is shown that there is a shift in the plasma frequency and hence in the refractive index of the plasma due to the gravitomagnetic force. Estimates for the difference in frequency of radially transmitted electromagnetic signals are given for typical compact star candidates. 1
Babur M. Mirza; Hamid Saleem
Planets migrate due to the recoil they experience from scattering solid (planetesimal) bodies. To first order, the torques exerted by the interior and exterior disks will cancel, analogous to the cancellation of the torques from the gravitational interaction with the gas (Type-I migration). Assuming the dispersion-dominated regime and power laws characterized by indices {alpha} and {beta} for the surface density and eccentricity profiles, we calculate the net torque on the planet. We consider both distant encounters and close (orbit-crossing) encounters. We find that the close and distant encounter torques have opposite signs with respect to {alpha} and {beta}; and that the torque is especially sensitive to the eccentricity gradient {beta}. Compared to Type-I migration due to excitation of density waves, the planetesimal-driven migration rate is generally lower due to the lower surface density of solids in gas-rich disk, although this may be partially or fully offset when their eccentricity and inclinaton are small. Allowing for the feedback of the planet on the planetesimal disk through viscous stirring, we find that under certain conditions a self-regulated migration scenario emerges, in which the planet migrates at a steady pace that approaches the rate corresponding to the one-sided torque. If the ratio of the local disk mass in planetesimals to planet mass is low, however, migration will stall. We quantify the boundaries separating the three accretion regimes.
Ormel, C. W. [Astronomy Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 (United States); Ida, S. [Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8551 (Japan); Tanaka, H., E-mail: email@example.com, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com, E-mail: email@example.com [Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0819 (Japan)
The Conflict between the Buddhist and the Naiyayika Philosophers: A Brief Survey
solipsism. The Pram'(lIJa-vartika was lost in India but we are lucky enough that the manuscript of this work hasbeen discovered by Rahul Sankrityayana from Tibet. In this pioneering work, Dharmak1rti discusses his own philosophy of idealism, general� ly... neither assert nor deny His existence26u� . For a century, from Dharmak1rti's time down to the 1st quarter of the 8th century, Buddhist philosophy was conspicuous by the absence of any remarkable original work due to absence of any talented philosopher...
Sadhukhan, Sanjit Kumar
We investigate the effects of a slowly rotating compact gravitational source on electron oscillations in a homogeneous electrically neutral plasma in the absence of an external electric or magnetic field. Neglecting the random thermal motion of the electrons we assume the gravitoelectromagnetic approximation to the general theory of relativity for the gravitational field. It is shown that there is a shift in the plasma frequency and hence in the dielectric constant of the plasma due to the gravitomagnetic force. We also give estimates for the difference in the frequency of radially transmitted electromagnetic signals for typical compact star candidates.
Charge Transport Anisotropy Due to Grain Boundaries in Directionally
Charge Transport Anisotropy Due to Grain Charge Transport Anisotropy Due to Grain Boundaries in Directionally Crystallized Thin Films of Regio-Regular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Semicrystalline polymers, such as polythiophenes, hold much promise as active layers in printable electronic devices such as photovoltaic cells, sensors, and thin film transistors. As organic semiconductors approach commercialization, there is a need to better understand the relationship between charge transport and microstructure, in particular, to identify the inherent bottlenecks to charge transport. In semicrystalline and polycrystalline materials, charge transport is most likely dominated by grain-boundary effects, although the exact mechanism is not well understood. Unfortunately, grain boundaries in semicrystalline thin films are difficult to characterize: the grains are too small to allow for measurements across individual grain boundaries (as is often done for polycrystalline films of small molecules) and bulk measurements are complicated by the unknown orientation of polymer chains within the grain. To better understand the effect of chain orientation on grain boundaries, we use anisotropic thin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) - one of the most well-studied polymeric semiconductors, as a tool to study charge transport.
Bomb-Pulse Chlorine-36 At The Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository Horizon: An Investigation Of Previous Conflicting Results And Collection Of New Data
Previous studies by scientists at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) found elevated ratios of chlorine-36 to total chloride ({sup 36}Cl/Cl) in samples of rock collected from the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) and the Enhanced Characterization of the Repository Block (ECRB) at Yucca Mountain as the tunnels were excavated. The data were interpreted as an indication that fluids containing 'bomb-pulse' {sup 36}Cl reached the repository horizon in the {approx}50 years since the peak period of above-ground nuclear testing. Moreover, the data support the concept that so-called fast pathways for infiltration not only exist but are active, possibly through a combination of porous media, faults and/or other geologic features. Due to the significance of {sup 36}Cl data to conceptual models of unsaturated zone flow and transport, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) was requested by the Department of Energy (DOE) to design and implement a study to validate the LANL findings. The USGS chose to drill new boreholes at select locations across zones where bomb-pulse ratios had previously been identified. The drill cores were analyzed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) for {sup 36}Cl/Cl using both active and passive leaches, with the USGS/LLNL concluding that the active leach extracted too much rock-Cl and the passive leach did not show bomb-pulse ratios. Because consensus was not reached between the USGS/LLNL and LANL on several fundamental points, including the conceptual strategy for sampling, interpretation and use of tritium ({sup 3}H) data, and the importance and interpretation of blanks, in addition to the presence or absence of bomb-pulse {sup 36}Cl, an evaluation by an independent entity, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), using new samples was initiated. This report is the result of that study. The overall objectives of the UNLV study were to investigate the source or sources of the conflicting results from the previous validation study, and to obtain additional data to determine whether or not there are bomb-pulse isotopes at the repository horizon. To that en4 we have engaged in discussions with previous investigators, reviewed reports, and analyzed archived samples. We have also collected new samples of rock from the ESF, soil profiles from the surface of Yucca Mountain, and opportunistic samples of seep water from inside the south ramp of the ESF.
J. Cizdziel
Inspection Report - Allegations of Organizational Conflicts of Interest at Portsmouth and Oak Ridge, INS-O-13-01
Allegations of Organizational Allegations of Organizational Conflicts of Interest at Portsmouth and Oak Ridge INS-O-13-01 November 2012 2 Fluor-B&W Portsmouth LLC (Fluor) and its subcontractor, VETCO. We found that RSI's objectivity could have been impaired because it held an on-going financial interest in VETCO; The same financial interest held by RSI in VETCO also existed at Oak Ridge. Both RSI and VETCO were subcontractors for UCOR. Also, as indicated with Portsmouth, an RSI official was charged with reviewing and approving VETCO's work; and, A separate, potential OCI between UCOR and RSI existed at Oak Ridge. Specifically, as part of a contractor teaming arrangement with UCOR, a senior RSI official, acting on behalf of UCOR, was in a position to review and approve work performed by the senior
Changes in dimethyl sulfide oceanic distribution due to climate change
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is one of the major precursors for aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer over much of the remote ocean. Here we report on coupled climate simulations with a state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemical model for DMS distribution and fluxes using present-day and future atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations. We find changes in zonal averaged DMS flux to the atmosphere of over 150% in the Southern Ocean. This is due to concurrent sea ice changes and ocean ecosystem composition shifts caused by changes in temperature, mixing, nutrient, and light regimes. The largest changes occur in a region already sensitive to climate change, so any resultant local CLAW/Gaia feedback of DMS on clouds, and thus radiative forcing, will be particularly important. A comparison of these results to prior studies shows that increasing model complexity is associated with reduced DMS emissions at the equator and increased emissions at high latitudes.
Elliott, Scott [Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL); Erickson III, David J [ORNL
Formation Damage due to CO2 Sequestration in Saline Aquifers
Carbon dioxide (CO2) sequestration is defined as the removal of gas that would be emitted into the atmosphere and its subsequent storage in a safe, sound place. CO2 sequestration in underground formations is currently being considered to reduce the amount of CO2 emitted into the atmosphere. However, a better understanding of the chemical and physical interactions between CO2, water, and formation rock is necessary before sequestration. These interactions can be evaluated by the change in mineral content in the water before and after injection, or from the change in well injectivity during CO2 injection. It may affect the permeability positively due to rock dissolution, or negatively due to precipitation. Several physical and chemical processes cover the CO2 injection operations; multiphase flow in porous media is represented by the flow of the brine and CO2, solute transportation is represented by CO2 dissolution in the brine forming weak carbonic acid, dissolution-deposition kinetics can be seen in the rock dissolution by the carbonic acid and the deposition of the reaction products, hydrodynamic instabilities due to displacement of less viscous brine with more viscous CO2 (viscous fingering), capillary effects and upward movement of CO2 due to gravity effect. The objective of the proposed work is to correlate the formation damage to the other variables, i.e. pressure, temperature, formation rock type, rock porosity, water composition, sulfates concentration in the water, CO2 volume injected, water volume injected, CO2 to water volumetric ratio, CO2 injection rate, and water injection rate. In order to achieve the proposed objective, lab experiments will be conducted on different rock types (carbonates, limestone and dolomite, and sandstone) under pressure and temperature that simulate the field conditions. CO2 will be used at the supercritical phase and different CO2-water-rock chemical interactions will be addressed. Quantitative analysis of the experimental results using a geochemical simulator (CMG-GEM) will also be performed. The results showed that for carbonate cores, maintaining the CO2/brine volumetric ratio above 1.0 reduced bicarbonate formation in the formation brine and helped in minimizing precipitation of calcium carbonate. Additionally, increasing cycle volume in WAG injection reduced the damage introduced to the core. Sulfate precipitation during CO2 sequestration was primarily controlled by temperature. For formation brine with high total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium sulfate precipitation occurs, even at a low sulfate concentration. For dolomite rock, temperature, injection flow rate, and injection scheme don't have a clear impact on the core permeability, the main factor that affects the change in core permeability is the initial core permeability. Sandstone cores showed significant damage; between 35% and 55% loss in core permeability was observed after CO2 injection. For shorter WAG injection the damage was higher; decreasing the brine volume injected per cycle, decreased the damage. At higher temperatures, 200 and 250 degrees F, more damage was noted than at 70 degrees F.
Mohamed, Ibrahim 1984-
Changes in Dimethyl Sulfide Oceanic Distribution due to Climate Change
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is one of the major precursors for aerosols and cloud condensation nuclei in the marine boundary layer over much of the remote ocean. Here they report on coupled climate simulations with a state-of-the-art global ocean biogeochemical model for DMS distribution and fluxes using present-day and future atmospheric CO{sub 2} concentrations. They find changes in zonal averaged DMS flux to the atmosphere of over 150% in the Southern Ocean. This is due to concurrent sea ice changes and ocean ecosystem composition shifts caused by changes in temperature, mixing, nutrient, and light regimes. The largest changes occur in a region already sensitive to climate change, so any resultant local CLAW/Gaia feedback of DMS on clouds, and thus radiative forcing, will be particularly important. A comparison of these results to prior studies shows that increasing model complexity is associted with reduced DMS emissions at the equator and increased emissions at high latitudes.
Cameron-Smith, P; Elliott, S; Maltrud, M; Erickson, D; Wingenter, O
Costs of Land Subsidence Due to Groundwater Withdrawal
In recent years the area around Houston and Baytown, Texas, has been affected to an increasing degree by land subsidence. Sinking of the land surface has reached critical proportions in many areas, and subsidence of as much as eight feet has occurred. The severity of this phenomenon has been aggravated by the proximity of much of the affected area to bay waters, and tidal flooding has resulted in significant damages and property loss. Subsidence has been linked by engineers to the decline of subsurface water levels due to heavy ground water withdrawals in the area. An alternative source for water demands has been introduced, although price differentials have slowed its acceptance. Major objectives of this study included estimation of historical costs attributable to subsidence, projecting estimated costs, and examining the economics of the two alternatives for water supply. A study area of 300 square miles was identified and sampling of residences, businesses, and public officials was carried out. The cost data resulting from those samples formed the basis for economic analysis. Historical costs and property losses that were attributable to subsidence were estimated to be $60.7 million and $48.9 million, respectively, or $109.6 million total. Of the $109.6 million, $53.2 million were incurred in 1973, principally due to a six foot tide. Probability of the occurrence of a six foot tide in any one year is 20 percent. Given five additional feet of subsidence in the study area the occurrence of a six foot tide was projected to cause an estimated $63,5 million in costs and losses, $10.3 million more than were incurred in 1973. Estimated annual subsidence-related costs and losses of $14.6 million for the study area, based on 1969 to 1973 data, were used to evaluate total costs associated with supplying water needs from two alternative sources, A break-even analysis indicated that to minimize total water costs, pumping only that quantity of water that would result in no subsidence could be economically justified; i,e,, water needs or demand above that rate would need to be purchased from an alternative source. This implied that when pumping is continued to the point that subsidence occurs, the cost of pumping plus associated subsidence- related costs and losses exceed water costs from an alternative source, per unit of water.
Warren, J. P.; Jones, L. L.; Griffin, W. L.; Lacewell, R. D.
Transverse emittance dilution due to coupler kicks in linear accelerators
One of the main concerns in the design of low emittance linear accelerators (linacs) is the preservation of beam emittance. Here we discuss one possible source of emittance dilution due to transverse electromagnetic fields in the accelerating cavities of the linac caused by the power coupler geometry. It is common wisdom that emittance growth from coupler kicks can be strongly reduced by having the coupler location alternate from above to below the beam pipe so that the coupler kick from one cavity is compensated by that of the next. While this is correct, alternating the coupler location requires large technical changes in superconducting cryomodules where cryogenic pipes are arranged parallel to a string of several cavities. We show here that cavities with high external $Q$ have coupler kicks that change the sign of their phase when the coupler is moved from before to after the cavity, as long as one accelerates on crest. This implies that the emittance growth from one cavity can be canceled by the next, pr...
Buckley, Brandon
Deactivation of ice nuclei due to atmospherically relevant surface coatings
The ice nucleation characteristics of Arizona Test Dust (ATD) and illite clay, surrogates for atmospheric ice nuclei, have been determined at the Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) chamber located at the Research Center Karlsruhe in Germany. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of sulphuric acid and ammonium sulphate coatings on the ability of these mineral dust surrogates to nucleate ice in an environment where particles realistically compete for water vapor. Coated ATD particles required higher saturations at all investigated temperatures, from -20 to -45� C, than did identical uncoated particles. Freezing of coated particles often required saturations approaching those for the homogeneous freezing of aqueous solutions of the coating material alone. Less pronounced effects were found for illite although the presence of a coating consistently increased the saturation or decreased the temperature required for ice formation. Analysis of ice residue at the single particle level suggests that the first coated particles to freeze had thinner or incomplete coatings when compared to particles that froze later in the expansion. This observation highlights a need to verify coating properties since an assumption of homogeneity of a group of coated aerosol may be incorrect. The increase in saturation ratio for freezing suggests that gas-phase uptake of sulphates, a large fraction of which are due to anthropogenic emissions, will reduce the ice and mixed-phase cloud formation potential of atmospheric ice nuclei.
Cziczo, Daniel J.; Froyd, Karl D.; Gallavardin, S. J.; Moehler, Ottmar; Benz, Stefan; Saathoff, Harald; Murphy, Daniel M.
Boussinesq modeling of surface waves due to underwater landslides
Consideration is given to the influence of an underwater landslide on waves at the surface of a shallow body of fluid. The equations of motion which govern the evolution of the barycenter of the landslide mass include various dissipative effects due to bottom friction, internal energy dissipation, and viscous drag. The surface waves are studied in the Boussinesq scaling, with time-dependent bathymetry. A numerical model for the Boussinesq equations is introduced which is able to handle time-dependent bottom topography, and the equations of motion for the landslide and surface waves are solved simultaneously. The numerical solver for the Boussinesq equations can also be restricted to implement a shallow-water solver, and the shallow-water and Boussinesq configurations are compared. A particular bathymetry is chosen to illustrate the general method, and it is found that the Boussinesq system predicts larger wave run-up than the shallow-water theory in the example treated in this paper. It also found that the fi...
Dutykh, Denys
Electromagnetism, Site Formation, and Conflict Event Theory at the San Jacinto Battleground and Washington-on-the-Brazos, Texas
Conflict Event theory has the potential to change how archaeologists investigate battlefield sites. As a theoretical paradigm, eventful archaeology allows us to give agency to social-structure changing events, going beyond collect artifacts after the battle is over. Coupled with site formation processes, this model allows us to project battle elements to re-create the historical events that occurred at conflict sites. Within this theoretical framework, we can begin to understand why the conflict unfolded in a particular manner. Two site of the Texian Revolution are particularly appropriate to this new theoretical model: the San Jacinto Battleground (SJB), the location of the last battle of the Texian Revolution, and Washington-on-the-Brazos (WOB), the location of the signing of the Texas Declaration of Independence. Merging this theoretical model with an investigation of site formation processes (understanding the matrix in which the artifacts lie) and pulse-domain electromagnetic surveying allows for a much more robust approach to Battlefield Archaeology. Pulse-induction allows for the detection of discrete artifacts in the soil, and is a much more reliable method than the more commonly used magnetometry. Analyzing characteristics of the soil surrounding the artifacts then gives us a third line of inquiry as to why artifacts are in certain locations in the archaeological record, allowing for an explanation as to their quality and quantity. La teor�a del Acontecimiento del conflicto tiene el potencial para cambiar c�mo arque�logos investigan sitios de campo de batalla. Como un paradigma te�rico, la arqueolog�a llena de acontecimientos nos permite dar agencia a la social-estructura que cambia acontecimientos, yendo m�s all� de re�ne artefactos despu�s de que la batalla est� sobre. Asociado con procesos de formaci�n de sitio, este modelo nos permite proyectar batalla elementos para recrear los acontecimientos hist�ricos que ocurrieron en sitios de conflicto. Dentro de esta armaz�n te�rica, nosotros podemos comenzar a comprender por qu� el conflicto despleg� en una manera particular. Dos sitio de la Revoluci�n de Texian es especialmente apropiado a este nuevo modelo te�rico: el San Campo de batalla de Jacinto (SJB), la ubicaci�n de la �ltima batalla de la Revoluci�n de Texian, y de Washington en el Brazos (WOB), la ubicaci�n del firmar de la Declaraci�n de Tejas de Independencia. Unir este modelo te�rico con una investigaci�n de sit�a procesos de formaci�n (comprendiendo la matriz en la que los artefactos est�n) y el pulso-dominio inspeccionar electromagn�tico tiene en cuenta un enfoque mucho m�s robusto a la Arqueolog�a del Campo de batalla. La pulso-inducci�n tiene en cuenta el descubrimiento de artefactos distintos en la tierra, y es un m�todo mucho m�s seguro que el magnetometry m�s com�nmente utilizado. Analizar caracter�sticas de la tierra que rodea los artefactos entonces nos dan una tercera l�nea de indagaci�n en cuanto a por qu� artefactos est�n en ciertas ubicaciones en el registro arqueol�gico, teniendo en cuenta una explicaci�n en cuanto a su calidad y la cantidad.
Pertermann, Dana Lee
Triboluminescent properties of zinc sulfide phosphors due to hypervelocity impact
The emission of light due to crystal fracture, or triboluminescence (TL), is a phenomenon that has been known for centuries. One of the most common examples of TL is the flash created from chewing Wint-O-Green Lifesavers . From 2004 to 2006, research was completed using the two-stage light gas gun located at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama to measure the TL properties for zinc sulfide doped with both manganese (ZnS:Mn) and copper (ZnS:Cu). Results clearly show that hypervelocity impact-induced TL has been observed for both ZnS:Mn and ZnS:Cu. For ZnS:Mn, TL produced during 4.7 and 5.7km/s impacts was statistically more luminous than was observed from similar data collected at 3.3km/s. The TL decay time for ZnS:Mn was found to be 292 58 s, which is totally consistent with earlier measurements that did not use impact as an excitation source. Further, the emission of TL from ZnS:Mn undergoing hypervelocity impact has been demonstrated to have a significant component at the known peak emission wavelength of ZnS:Mn of 585nm. Small TL emission generated as a result of hypervelocity impact was also observed from ZnS:Cu. The most intriguing conclusion from this research is that it may be possible to discriminate impact velocity by measuring the time-integrated luminosity of TL phosphors. An ability to measure the velocity of a hypervelocity impact is a significant indicator of the potential usefulness for this concept for use as an impact sensor in future spacecraft.
Bergeron, Mr. Noah P. [Louisiana Tech University; HollermanPh.D., Dr. William A. [University of Louisiana, Lafayette; Goedeke, Shawn [ORNL; Moore, R. J. [University of Louisiana, Lafayette
Comment on "Air Emissions Due to Wind and Solar Power" and Supporting Information
due to wind and solar power. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2)Emissions Due to Wind and Solar Power� Andrew Mills, ? , �due to wind and solar power. Environ. Sci. Technol. (2)
Mills, Andrew D.
Synergies and conflicts in multimedia pollution control related to utility compliance with Title IV of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990
Most analyses of the alternative strategies used by utilities to comply with Title IV requirements have focused on factors directly related to controlling sulfur dioxide (SO{sub 2}) emissions. However, utilities must meet a number of additional environmental requirements at the same tune they comply with the acid rain program. To illuminate the potential synergies and conflicts that might exist between the other regulatory mandates and the acid rain program, a thorough examination of all the various programs and their interrelationships must be conducted. This paper reviews the environmental mandates that utilities will have to plan to meet in the next decade concurrently with the acid rain program, and it analyzes the interactions among the various programs to identify potential synergies and conflicts.
South, D.W.; Bailey, K.A.
Moving Images Against The Current: The Aesthetics and Geopolitics of (Im)mobility in Contemporary Europe
the labor force at the uranium mine in Arlit. 143 Simone�sThe French built a uranium mine at Arlit in Niger during the
Bayraktar, Nilgun
and John Urry. �The New Mobilities Paradigm. � Environment &European economy. Yet the new mobility regime has reinforced150). For example, the EU�s new mobility regime enables free
Alternatives: Oil sands, shale oil, Gas and/or Coal to Liquid o "Americas Oil Shale Resource," Office of Deputy: "Oil Shale Resources Technology and Economics." http://www.umich.edu/~twod/oil- ns [Optional] Section 3, "Environmental and Regulatory Issues," pp. 22 28. [Optional] Appendix B: "Oil Shale
Soft gold and the Pacific frontier: geopolitics and environment in the sea otter trade
of the Discovery of the Aleutian Islands Trans. Dmitripeninsula, east toward the Aleutian Islands and the Alaskanof animals for pelts in the Aleutians and Alaska. Hawaiian
Ravalli, Richard John
a threat transformed The collapse of the Soviet Union was a dramatic geopolitical shift
weapons (1953). Vetoed by the Soviets. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) enters into force (1970Putting the Genie Back in the Bottle: The Science of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Jerry Gilfoyle of Nuclear Non-Proliferation Jerry Gilfoyle Physics Department, University of Richmond, Virginia Outline: 1
Deutch, John
Racial geopolitics : interrogating Caribbean cultural discourse in the era pf globalization
Dominicans in Puerto Rico . . . . . . . 82 Colonialism andde la esclavitud en Puerto Rico y el gobierno radical yEl prejuicio racial en Puerto Rico. 7th ed. R�o Piedras:
Reyes-Santos, Irmary
Empire of energy : environment, geopolitics, and American technology before the age of oil
This dissertation asks how the United States physically built its global empire. Between 1840 and 1930, empire building involved the establishment of a network of naval bases and coaling stations. By focusing on energy, I ...
Shulman, Peter Adam
Era and the hide and tallow era. One of the more prominentthe California hide and tallow trade is William Henry Dana,were sent on hide and tallow ships to Mexico in addition to
the nuclear disaster at Chernobyl in the Ukraine on 26 Aprilenvironmental disaster (Chernobyl) that has had great impactthe nuclear accident at Chernobyl in the Ukraine on 26 April
IGA 412: The Geopolitics of Energy Professor Meghan L. O'Sullivan
-38. · The Sustainable Transportation Energy Pathways (STEPS) Program, Institute of Transportation Studies, University://steps.ucdavis.edu/People/aghandi) Dr. Cynthia Lin (email@example.com, web: http://www.des.ucdavis.edu/faculty/Lin) Do Iran's Buy of California, Davis 1.Introduction ·In this study, we focus on Iran's buy-back service contracts, and we
Loncar, Marko
a fair process that maximizes the opportunity for resolution. The Ombuds Office does not conduct official investigations. Note: Contacting the Ombuds Office does not automatically...
Leadership Training, Inter-ethnic Conflict Management, and the Youth: A Case Study of One Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) in Nairobi, Kenya
While many non-governmental organizations provide leadership training in inter-ethnic conflict management to Kenyan youth, relatively little is known about what goes into such training. This dissertation is a case study illustrating how the training structure operates. The purpose of this dissertation is to address the challenges associated with youth leadership training in inter-ethnic conflict management, how these challenges are managed, what differences the training makes, and how it is transferred back into the real-life of the youth. To better understand these issues, a two-month qualitative study was conducted divided in two phases involving trainers, youth participants, program designers, and community leaders. Twenty two interviews and 2 focus groups were completed. Results demonstrated four communicative challenges involved in the design of youth leadership training were: (1) audience analysis, (2) material resources, (3) participant challenges, and (4) diversity. Results showed that trainers addressed the communicative challenges by using the following management strategies: needs assessment, financial management, stakeholder education, and dialogue facilitation. The analysis suggested that the conditions that facilitate transfer of training were: participatory models, training organization, and trainee motivation. Similarly, conditions that inhibit training transfer included: resource constraints, youth motivation, environmental conditions, and diversity. Finally, results also suggested that the differences that leadership training made in the lives of the youth were: behavioral transformation, participant input, improved peaceful relationships, and skill development. Successfully managing the communicative challenges in the design and implementation of the training were the main goals of trainers, and the more they took ownership of these goals the more likely the training would be successful. This dissertation suggests that managing the communicative challenges associated with the design and conduct of youth leadership training is the first step to ensuring the training transfer for youth participants and achieving a workable leadership training in inter-ethnic conflict management.
Mbutu, Paul
Bomb-Pulse Chlorine-36 at the Proposed Yucca Mountain Repository Horizon: An Investigation of Previous Conflicting Results and Collection of New Data
Previous studies Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) found elevated ratios of chlorine-36 to total chloride (36Cl/Cl) in samples of rock collected from the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) at Yucca Mountain (YM). The data were interpreted as an indication that fluids containing �bomb-pulse� 36Cl reached the repository horizon in the ~50 years since the peak period of above-ground nuclear testing. Due to the significance of 36Cl data to conceptual models of unsaturated zone flow, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) implemented a study to validate the LANL findings. The USGS drilled new boreholes at select locations across zones where bomb-pulse ratios had previously been identified. The drill cores were analyzed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). Because consensus was not reached between the USGS/LLNL and LANL on several fundamental points including the presence or absence of bomb-pulse 36Cl, an evaluation by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), was initiated. The overall objectives of the UNLV study were to investigate the source of the validation study�s conflicting results, and to obtain additional data on bomb-pulse isotopes at the repository horizon. UNLV engaged in discussions with previous investigators, reviewed reports, and analyzed archived samples. UNLV also collected new samples of rock from the ESF, soil profiles from the surface of YM, and samples of seep water from inside the ESF. Samples were analyzed for 36Cl/Cl ratios, and 99Tc and 129I in select samples. A column experiment was conducted mimicking the passage of bomb-pulse 36Cl through YM tuff. The work faced several obstacles including an extended shutdown of the tunnel. Only one sample yielded a background corrected 36Cl/Cl ratio that was higher than the accepted bomb-pulse threshold (1250 x 10-15). Specimen 01034214 obtained from the Drill Hole Wash fault (19+33) had a ratio of 1590 � 80 (1?) x10-15, whereas the other separate sample from this fault zone yielded 1160 � 50 (1?) x 10-15. Three samples collected from Alcove 6 averaged 490 � 100 (1?) x10-15; a sample from Sundance Fault resulted in a ratio of 920 � 60 (1?) x10-15, and a sample from the Bow Ridge Fault produced 530 � 20 (1?) x10-15. The results are significant because: 1) they tend to be lower than LANL data for comparable samples, albeit in agreement with the range of data produced in the area, and 2) they show that a bomb-pulse 36Cl/Cl ratio was measured in rock collected at the repository horizon level by a second and independent group of investigators (UNLV). Because of time UNLV was not able to replicate the results, and these few data points are insufficient to draw major and definitive conclusions. Leachates of soil samples collected from the surface above the ESF yielded several ratios with bomb-pulse 36Cl, particularly for samples encompassing the wetting front. Soil samples collected above the south ramp, where there was limited soil coverage due to a large amount of rock outcrop, had relatively large ratios ranging from 2170 � 110 (1?) x10-15 to 5670 � 350 (1?) x10-15. Soil samples from profiles from above the north ramp ranged from 820 � 70 (1?) x10-15 to 2390 � 160 (1?) x10-15, which compare favorably with previous measurements near the site. Water seepage into the ESF south ramp and 36Cl standards made from NIST material were also analyzed. The standards were produced to have nominal 36Cl/Cl ratios (10-15) of 500, 2,500 and 10,000 and the results showed good agreement with the calculated ratios. The seepage samples ranged between 680 � 40 (1?) x10-15 to 1110 � 40 (1?) x10-15, consistent with that found for modern meteoric water, with a small bomb-pulse component. Bomb-pulse 36Cl may not have been incorporated in this fast-path water because the surface above the infiltration zone consists mostly of outcrop and the flow pathways have probably mostly been leached. 99Tc was measured in five of nine leaches of ESF rock but poor analytical recoveries and lack of data overlap with 36Cl limit interpretations of these data
Cizdziel, James
Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #668: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to
8: March 28, 8: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to Traffic Congestion to someone by E-mail Share Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #668: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to Traffic Congestion on Facebook Tweet about Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #668: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to Traffic Congestion on Twitter Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #668: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to Traffic Congestion on Google Bookmark Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #668: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to Traffic Congestion on Delicious Rank Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #668: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to Traffic Congestion on Digg Find More places to share Vehicle Technologies Office: Fact #668: March 28, 2011 Time Wasted Due to Traffic Congestion on AddThis.com...
Most analyses of utility strategies for meeting Title IV requirements in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 have focused on factors relating directly to utilities` sulfur dioxide control costs; however, there are a number of additional environmental requirements that utilities must meet at the same time they comply with the acid rain program. To illuminate the potential synergies and conflicts that these other regulatory mandates may have in connection with the acid rain program, it is necessary to conduct a thorough, simultaneous examination of the various programs. This report (1) reviews the environmental mandates that utilities must plant to meet in the next decade concurrently with those of the acid rain program, (2) evaluates the technologies that utilities may select to meet these requirements, (3) reviews the impacts of public utility regulation on the acid rain program, and (4) analyzes the interactions among the various programs for potential synergies and conflicts. Generally, this report finds that the lack of coordination among current and future regulatory programs may result in higher compliance costs than necessary. Failure to take advantage of cost-effective synergies and incremental compliance planning will increase control costs and reduce environmental benefits.
Bailey, K.A.; Loeb, A.P.; Formento, J.W.; South, D.W.
Wear of Zircaloy-4 Grid Straps Due to Fretting and Periodic Impact ...
Presentation Title, Wear of Zircaloy-4 Grid Straps Due to Fretting and Periodic ... Applicability of Lean Grade of Duplex Stainless Steels in Nuclear Power Plants.
Single-machine batch delivery scheduling with an assignable common due date and controllable processing times
We consider single-machine batch delivery scheduling with an assignable common due date and controllable processing times, which vary as a convex function of the amounts of a continuously divisible common resource allocated to individual jobs. Finished ... Keywords: Batch delivery, Common due date, Resource allocation, Scheduling
Yunqiang Yin, T. C. E. Cheng, Shuenn-Ren Cheng, Chin-Chia Wu
10/17/2007 01:21 PMSpiteful soldiers and sex ratio conflict among parasitoid wasps Page 1 of 2http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/biowissenschaften_chemie/bericht-82174.html
10/17/2007 01:21 PMSpiteful soldiers and sex ratio conflict among parasitoid wasps Page 1 of 2http://www.innovations-report.de/html/berichte/biowissenschaften_chemie Midge Insect Wings Home Fachgebiete Biowissenschaften Chemie Nachricht Spiteful soldiers and sex ratio Biowissenschaften Chemie Energie und Elektrotechnik Geowissenschaften Gesellschaftswissenschaften
CMB temperature anisotropy from broken spatial isotropy due to a homogeneous cosmological magnetic field
We derive the cosmic microwave background temperature anisotropy two-point correlation function (including off-diagonal correlations) from broken spatial isotropy due to an arbitrarily oriented homogeneous cosmological magnetic field.
Kahniashvili, Tina [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 (United States); Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6 (Canada); National Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory, 2A Kazbegi Ave, Tbilisi, GE-0160 (Georgia); Lavrelashvili, George [Department of Theoretical Physics, A. Razmadze Mathematical Institute, 1 M. Aleksidze, Tbilisi, GE-0193 (Georgia); Ratra, Bharat [Department of Physics, Kansas State University, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, Kansas 66506 (United States)
Characterization of unsteady loading due to impeller-diffuser interaction in centrifugal compressors
Time dependent simulations are used to characterize the unsteady impeller blade loading due to imipeller-diffuser interaction in centrifugal compressor stages. The capability of simulations are assessed by comparing results ...
Lusardi, Christopher (Christopher Dean)
Estimation of economic impact of freight distribution due to highway closure
The main aim of this study is to provide a theoretical framework and methodology to estimate and analyze the economic impact of freight disruption due to highway closure. The costs in this study will be classified into ...
Hu, Shiyin
Deviation of Stellar Orbits from Test Particle Trajectories Around Sgr A* Due to Tides and Winds
Monitoring the orbits of stars around Sgr A* offers the possibility of detecting the precession of their orbital planes due to frame dragging, of measuring the spin and quadrupole moment of the black hole, and of testing the no-hair theorem. Here we investigate whether the deviations of stellar orbits from test-particle trajectories due to wind mass loss and tidal dissipation of the orbital energy compromise such measurements. We find that the effects of stellar winds are, in general, negligible. On the other hand, for the most eccentric orbits (e>0.96) for which an optical interferometer, such as GRAVITY, will detect orbital plane precession due to frame dragging, the tidal dissipation of orbital energy occurs at timescales comparable to the timescale of precession due to the quadrupole moment of the black hole. As a result, this non-conservative effect is a potential source of systematic uncertainty in testing the no-hair theorem with stellar orbits.
Dimitrios Psaltis; Gongjie Li; Abraham Loeb
A Spectral Parameterization of Mean-Flow Forcing due to Breaking Gravity Waves
A spectral parameterization of mean-flow forcing due to breaking gravity waves is described for application in the equations of motion in atmospheric models. The parameterization is based on linear theory and adheres closely to fundamental ...
M. J. Alexander; T. J. Dunkerton
Stratospheric Ozone Decrease Due to Chlorofluoromethane Photolysis: Predictions of Latitude Dependence
A two-dimensional model is used to predict the 1990 reduction in ozone due to the chlorine compounds formed by chlorofluoromethane (CFM) photolysis when the CFM release rate is held constant at the 1975 value. The predicted globally averaged ...
W. J. Borucki; R. C. Whitten; H. T. Woodward; L. A. Capone; C. A. Riegel; S. Gaines
Spectral Distribution of Energy Dissipation of Wind-Generated Waves due to Dominant Wave Breaking
This paper considers an experimental attempt to estimate the spectral distribution of the dissipation due to breaking of dominant waves. A field wave record with an approximately 50% dominant-breaking rate was analyzed. Segments of the record, ...
Ian R. Young; Alexander V. Babanin
A Simplified Scheme to Simulate Asymmetries Due to the Beta Effect in Barotropic Vortices
A simplified scheme to generate vortex asymmetries due to the beta effect from an initially symmetric vortex on a beta plane is described. This approach, based on the time integration of the nondivergent barotropic vorticity equation, was ...
Rebecca J. Ross; Yoshio Kurihara
Lipid Oxidation PathwaysChapter 9 Protein Alterations Due to Lipid Oxidation in Multiphase Systems
Lipid Oxidation Pathways Chapter 9 Protein Alterations Due to Lipid Oxidation in Multiphase Systems Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 9 P
Nonlinear response of vessel walls due to short-time thermomechanical loading
Maintaining structural integrity of the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) during a postulated core melt accident is an important safety consideration in the design of the vessel. This study addresses the failure predictions of the vessel due to thermal and pressure loadings fro the molten core debris depositing on the lower head of the vessel. Different loading combinations were considered based on the dead load, yield stress assumptions, material response and internal pressurization. The analyses considered only short term failure (quasi static) modes, long term failure modes were not considered. Short term failure modes include plastic instabilities of the structure and failure due to exceeding the failure strain. Long term failure odes would be caused by creep rupture that leads to plastic instability of the structure. Due to the sort time durations analyzed, creep was not considered in the analyses presented.
Pfeiffer, P.A.; Kulak, R.F.
Residual stress relief due to fatigue in tetragonal lead zirconate titanate ceramics
High energy synchrotron XRD was employed to determine the lattice strain {epsilon}{l_brace}111{r_brace}and diffraction peak intensity ratio R{l_brace}200{r_brace}in tetragonal PZT ceramics, both in the virgin poled state and after a bipolar fatigue experiment. It was shown that the occurrence of microstructural damage during fatigue was accompanied by a reduction in the gradient of the {epsilon}{l_brace}111{r_brace}-cos{sup 2} {psi} plot, indicating a reduction in the level of residual stress due to poling. In contrast, the fraction of oriented 90 Degree-Sign ferroelectric domains, quantified in terms of R{l_brace}200{r_brace}, was not affected significantly by fatigue. The change in residual stress due to fatigue is interpreted in terms of a change in the average elastic stiffness of the polycrystalline matrix due to the presence of inter-granular microcracks.
Hall, D. A.; Mori, T. [School of Materials, University of Manchester, Grosvenor St., Manchester M1 7HS (United Kingdom); Comyn, T. P. [Institute for Materials Research, Woodhouse Lane, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT (United Kingdom); Ringgaard, E. [Meggitt Sensing Systems, Hejreskovvej 18A, 3490 Kvistgaard (Denmark); Wright, J. P. [ESRF, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, BP-220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex (France)
Hanford to Host ISMS Safety Workshop in Kennewick: Abstracts Due in June
Hanford to Host ISMS Safety Workshop in Kennewick: Abstracts Due in Hanford to Host ISMS Safety Workshop in Kennewick: Abstracts Due in June for September Event Hanford to Host ISMS Safety Workshop in Kennewick: Abstracts Due in June for September Event May 18, 2011 - 12:00pm Addthis Media Contact Cameron Hardy, DOE (509) 376-5365 email@example.com RICHLAND, WASH. - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) at Hanford will hold its annual DOE Integrated Safety Management (ISM) Champions Workshop on September 12-15, 2011, at the Three Rivers Convention Center in Kennewick, Wash. DOE's Richland Operations Office and Office of River Protection are hosting this year's event. The purpose of the workshop is to promote a robust safety culture and educate attendees on safety developments and environmental compliance methods for effective implementation of the
Low Dose Radiation Research Program: The Risk of Cancer Induction Due to
November 10-12, 1999, Washington, D.C. November 10-12, 1999, Washington, D.C. The Risk of Cancer Induction Due to Routine Mammographic Screening Featured Project Description David J. Brenner, Steve Marino, and Charles Geard, Center for Radiological Research, Columbia University, 630 West 168th Street, New York Summary: To obtain realistic and credible risk estimates for breast-cancer mortality due to clinical mammographic imaging examinations. Abstract: The aim of this work is to obtain realistic and credible risk estimates for breast-cancer mortality due to clinical mammographic imaging examinations. Given the increasing emphasis on clinical mammographic screening for breast cancer, it is of societal importance to provide realistic risk estimates with realistic confidence bounds for breast cancer
Neutrino Energy Loss Rates due to {sup 54,55,56}Fe in Stellar Environment
Neutrino energy loss rates are required as a key nuclear physics input parameter in the simulation codes of core-collapse supernovae of massive stars. The weak interaction rates due to isotopes of iron, {sup 54,55,56}Fe, are considered to play an important role during the presupernova evolution of massive stars. Proton-neutron quasi-particle random phase approximation (pn-QRPA) theory has recently being used for a microscopic calculation of stellar weak interaction rates of iron isotopes with success. The calculation of neutrino energy loss rates due to {sup 54,55,56}Fe is presented along with a comparison with large scale shell model results.
Nabi, Jameel-Un [Faculty of Engineering Sciences, GIK Institute of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Topi 23640, Swabi, NWFP (Pakistan)
Deformation of a liquid surface due to an impinging gas jet: A conformal mapping approach
Deformation of a liquid surface due to an impinging gas jet: A conformal mapping approach Andong He on it. The problem of a gas jet impinging on a liquid surface arises in several important industrial and Stewart11 observed two types of instabilities of the gas-liquid system: oscillations of the interface
An Analytical Model of the Diurnal Oscillation of the Inversion Base Due to the Sea Breeze
The diurnal oscillation of the height of the inversion due to the sea breeze is studied analytically by use of a linear model. The base of the inversion over the sea moved downward during daytime and upward during nighttime. Over the land the ...
Yizhak Feliks
Slippery Near-Surface Layer of the Ocean Arising Due to Daytime Solar Heating
Measurements made in the Equatorial Atlantic during the 35th cruise of the R/V Akademic Vernadsky using a free-rising profiler and drifters revealed a near-surface slippery layer of the ocean arising due to daytime solar heating. The solar ...
Vladimir N. Kudryavtsev; Alexander V. Soloviev
In areas composed of coastal plain sediments, soft zones subjected to partial overburden may be present in the subsurface. During or after a seismic event, these soft zones may be compressed. The resulting displacement due to the deformation of the soft zones will propagate to the ground surface and cause the surface to settle. This paper presents a method to predict the settlement at the surface due to the propagation of the displacement from the soft zones. This method is performed by discretizing the soft zones into multiple clusters of finite sub-areas or subspaces. Settlement profile at the ground surface due to the displacement of each sub-area or subspace is computed assuming the shape is a normal distribution function. Settlement due to the displacement of the soft zones can then be approximated by adding the settlements computed for all the sub-areas or subspaces. This method provides a simple and useful tool for the prediction of the settlement profile and the results are consistent with those obtained from the finite difference analysis.
Li, W
Orbital characteristics due to the three dimensional swing-by in the Sun-Jupiter system
This paper presents an analytical and numerical study about orbital characteristics of trajectories due to a three dimensional swing-by maneuver between a planet and a particle. The model used has the same hypothesis of the circular restricted three-body ... Keywords: celestial mechanics, orbital dynamics, orbital maneuver, three dimensional swing-by
Jorge K. S. Formiga; Antonio F. B. A. Prado
Climatic Effects Due to Halogenated Compounds in the Earth�s Atmosphere
Using a one-dimensional radiative-convective model, we perform a sensitivity study of the effect of ozone depletion in the stratosphere on the surface temperature. There could be a cooling of the surface temperature by 0.2 K due to ...
Wei-Chyung Wang; Joseph P. Pinto; Yuk Ling Yung
Changes in cosmic ray cut-o rigidities due to secular variations of the geomagnetic eld
Changes in cosmic ray cut-o rigidities due to secular variations of the geomagnetic ®eld A. Bhattacharyya1 , B. Mitra2 1 Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, Colaba, Bombay 400005, India 2 Department rays arriving at a point in an arbitrary direction, when the main geomagnetic ®eld is approximated
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
CS 6100 Program 1 Mars Explorer (20 points) Due Feb 3, 2011
scenario was presented by L Steels. The objectives are to explore a distant planet, and in particularCS 6100 Program 1 Mars Explorer (20 points) Due Feb 3, 2011 Create an applet (or other visual program) which allows the user to see the behavior of reactive agents. The Mars Explorer
Allan, Vicki H.
Greenhouse Gas Pollution in the Stratosphere Due to Increasing Airplane Traffic, Effects On the Environment
Greenhouse Gas Pollution in the Stratosphere Due to Increasing Airplane Traffic, Effects temperatures have increased much more than can be explained by changes in the concentration of greenhouse gases traffic round the clock and around the globe which is contributing to higher concentrations of greenhouse
Murty, Katta G.
Spatial variability of sea level rise due to water impoundment behind dams
; Church and White, 2006]. This rate may be currently accelerating due to an increased influence of climate reservoirs (based on the work by Vorosmarty et al. [1997]), which are used in this paper's calculations. (b 1a), and added six additional post1997 dams from Chao et al. [2008] (specifically, the Three Gorges
Conrad, Clint
Resolving stereo matching errors due to repetitive structures using model information
This study regards the problem of incorrect stereo matches due to the occurrence of repetitive structures in the scene. In stereo vision, repetitive structures may lead to ''phantom objects'' in front of or behind the true scene which cause severe problems ... Keywords: Correspondence analysis, Model-based 3D scene analysis, Stereo vision
Bj�rn Barrois; Marcus Konrad; Christian W�hler; Horst-Michael Gro�
Bias in Differential Reflectivity due to Cross Coupling through the Radiation Patterns of Polarimetric Weather Radars
Examined is bias in differential reflectivity and its effect on estimates of rain rate due to coupling of the vertically and horizontally polarized fields through the radiation patterns. To that end, a brief review of the effects of the bias on ...
Dusan Zrni?; Richard Doviak; Guifu Zhang; Alexander Ryzhkov
Project due (before) Wednesday, April 13 (5 pm) Two to three pages of write-up
Project Project due (before) Wednesday, April 13 (5 pm) Two to three pages of write often as informative other methods of unsupervised learning include projection methods "classification measure Dii = p j=1 |xij - xi j| manhattan Dii = p j=1 |xij - xi j| |xij + xi j| Canberra STA 450/4000 S
Reid, Nancy
Critical-Current Reduction in Thin Superconducting Wires Due to Current Crowding
We demonstrate experimentally that the critical current in superconducting NbTiN wires is dependent on their geometrical shape, due to current-crowding effects. Geometric patterns such as 90{degrees} corners and sudden expansions of wire width are shown to result in the reduction of critical currents. The results are relevant for single-photon detectors as well as parametric amplifiers.
Hortensius, H.L.; Driessen, E.F.C.; Klapwijk, T.M.; Berggren, K.K.; Clem, John
Climatic effects due to halogenated compounds in the earth's atmosphere
Using a one-dimensional radiative-convective model, we perform a sensitivity study of the effect of ozone depletion in the stratosphere on the surface temperature. There could be a cooling of the surface temperature by approx.0.2 K due to chlorofluoromethane-induced ozone depletion at steady state (assuming 1973 release rates). This cooling reduces significantly the greenhouse effect due to the presence of chlorofluoromethanes. Carbon tetrafluoride has a strong ..nu../sub 3/ band at 7.8 ..mu..m, and the atmospheric greenhouse effect is shown to be 0.07 and 0.12 K (ppbv)/sup -1/ with and without taking into account overlap with CH/sub 4/ and N/sub 2/O bands. At concentration higher than 1 ppbv, absorption by the ..nu../sub 3/ band starts to saturate and the greenhouse effect becomes less efficient.
Wang, W.; Pinto, J.P.; Yung, Y.L.
Apparent spatial blurring and displacement of a point optical source due to cloud scattering
A Monte Carlo algorithm is used to determine the apparent spatial blurring of a terrestrial 1.07 micron optical point source due to cloud scattering as seen from space. The virtual image of a point source over a virtual source plane area 22.4 x 22.4 square kilometers arising from cloud scattering was determined for stratus clouds (NASA cloud number 5) and altostratus clouds optical source arises from photon scattering by cloud water droplets. Displacement of the virtual source is due to the apparent illumination of the cloud top region directly about the actual source which when viewed at a nonzero look angle gives a projected displacement of the apparent source relative to the actual source. These features are quantified by an analysis of the Monte Carlo computational results.
Brower, K.L.
Experimental Evidence for a Reduction in Electron Thermal Diffusion due to Trapped Particles
New high time resolution measurements of the electron thermal diffusion {chi}{sub e} throughout the sawtooth cycle of the Madison Symmetric Torus reversed-field pinch have been made by utilizing the enhanced capabilities of the upgraded multipoint, multipulse Thomson scattering system. These measurements are compared to the {chi}{sub e} due to magnetic diffusion predicted by using information from a new high spectral resolution zero-{beta} nonlinear resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulation performed, for the first time, at the Lundquist number of high current Madison Symmetric Torus plasmas (S{approx_equal}4x10{sup 6}). Agreement between the measured and predicted values is found only if the reduction in thermal diffusion due to trapped particles is taken into account.
Reusch, J. A.; Anderson, J. K.; Schnack, D. D. [Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States); Den Hartog, D. J.; Ebrahimi, F.; Stephens, H. D.; Forest, C. B. [Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States); Center for Magnetic Self-Organization in Laboratory and Astrophysical Plasmas, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 (United States)
Slowing down of ions due to Coulomb collisions in a plasma
Lenard's form of the plasma kinetic equation incorporating dynamic shielding was used to calculate the rate of energy loss by fast ions due to Coulomb collisions inside a plasma. The rate thus calculated is significantly larger than the results obtained on the basis of convential theories with static especially if the plasma is very dense and the ion speed is not too high.
Nishimura, K.
Dose distribution for /sup 125/I implants due to anisotropic radiation emission and unknown seed orientation
Variations in dose distribution due to anisotropic radiation emission around /sup 125/I seeds and a lack of knowledge about the orientation of the implanted seeds have been investigated. Upper and lower bounds for dose distributions have been calculated for planar implants using the experimentally determined angular dose distribution around a typical /sup 125/I seed. Results of our study suggest that significant dose variations in the center and the periphery of the implanted area are possible.
Prasad, S.C.; Bassano, D.A.; Fear, P.I.
Subsidence due to fluid withdrawal: a survey of analytical capabilities. [1225 citations
An extensive review of the literature was conducted in the area of land subsidence due to the withdrawal of fluids. A method of categorizing the citations was developed to facilitate identification of references relating to specific fields of interest. A brief review of the materials represented by the bibliography indicates the state-of-the-art within this area. The bibliography (containing 1225 citations) is presented in its categorized form. 5 figs., 3 tabs.
Engi, D.
Assignment 3 MECH 6511 Due on Mar. 22, 06 Question 1
. Calculate the volume of air space in the walls of an expanded polystyrene foam cup of 50 kg/m3 densityAssignment 3 MECH 6511 Due on Mar. 22, 06 Question 1: The density of polystyrene is 1.05 g/cm3 (graphite): 2.25 g/cm3 . #12;Question 3: The time dependence of crystallization can be described by Avrami
Medraj, Mamoun
Assignment 3 MECH 421 Due on Mar. 22, 06 Question 1
. Calculate the volume of air space in the walls of an expanded polystyrene foam cup of 50 kg/m3 densityAssignment 3 MECH 421 Due on Mar. 22, 06 Question 1: The density of polystyrene is 1.05 g/cm3 (graphite): 2.25 g/cm3 . #12;Question 3: An extruder has a barrel diameter = 5.0 inch and length = 12 ft
Prediction of Failure Due to Thermal Aging, Corrosion and Environmental Fracture in Amorphous and Titanium Alloys
DARPA is exploring a number of advanced materials for military applications, including amorphous metals and titanium-based alloys. Equipment made from these materials can undergo degradation due to thermal aging, uniform corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, denting, stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue, hydrogen induced cracking and microbial influenced corrosion. Amorphous alloys have exceptional resistance to corrosion, due in part to the absence of grain boundaries, but can undergo crystallization and other phase instabilities during heating and welding. Titanium alloys are extremely corrosion resistant due to the formation of a tenacious passive film of titanium oxide, but is prone to hydrogen absorption in crevices, and hydrogen induced cracking after hydrogen absorption. Accurate predictions of equipment reliability, necessary for strategic planning, requires integrated models that account for all relevant modes of attack, and that can make probabilistic predictions. Once developed, model parameters must be determined experimentally, and the validity of models must be established through careful laboratory and field tests. Such validation testing requires state-of-the-art surface analytical techniques, as well as electrochemical and fracture mechanics tests. The interaction between those processes that perturb the local environment on a surface and those that alter metallurgical condition must be integrated in predictive models. The material and environment come together to drive various modes of corrosive attack (Figure 1). Models must be supported through comprehensive materials testing capabilities. Such capabilities are available at LLNL and include: the Long Term Corrosion Test Facility (LTCTF) where large numbers of standard samples can be exposed to realistic test media at several temperature levels; a reverse DC machine that can be used to monitor the propagation of stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in situ; and banks of potentiostats with temperature controlled cells for potentiostatic and potentiodynamic testing (Figure 2).
Farmer, J C
EIA - New Iraqi oil production: How much; how fast?
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
New Iraqi oil production: How much; how fast? New Iraqi oil production: How much; how fast? International Energy Outlook 2010 New Iraqi oil production: How much; how fast? Iraq holds a considerable portion of the world's conventional oil reserves, but has been unable to increase oil production substantially in recent years due to conflict and geopolitical constraints. As violence in Iraq has lessened, there has been a concerted effort to increase the country's oil production, both to bolster government revenues and to support wider economic development. Recently, Iraq offered prequalified foreign oil companies two opportunities to bid on designated fields under specific terms of investment. The success of the bidding rounds and the level of interest from foreign companies have raised hopes that oil production could increase substantially over a short period of time, with some Iraqi government officials stating that the country could increase its production to 12 million barrels per day by 2017.[a] Although Iraq has the reserves to support such growth, it will need to overcome numerous challenges in order to raise production to even a fraction of that goal.
The Geopolitics of Oil, Gas, and Ecology in the Caucasus and Caspian Sea Basin. 1998 Caucasus Conference Report.
of the Caucasus�and particularly in Georgia�was actuallyCaucasus .. 54 Map of rivers in Georgia .in Georgia (31 of them endemic to the Caucasus). A five-
Garcelon, Marc; Walker, Edward W.; Patten-Wood, Alexandra; Radovich, Aleksandra
1998. OIL AND ECOLOGY Azerbaijan International OperatingCommitment to the Environment. Baku, Azerbaijan. 1996. ��� .Export Pipeline. Baku, Azerbaijan. 1996. ��� . Technical
Energy Agency, Caspian Oil and Gas. Paris: Energy Charter33 Map of oil and gasstaff of the Office of Oil and Gas in the Department of the
energy resources to the market; serve US oil companies� interests in the Caspian; and develop alternate
Soviet Union Possible Oil Reserves per billion barrels 6 tocommon was their large oil reserves and the fact that theymore sober view. Proven oil reserves are currently put at
Ground subsidence due to mining operations. (Latest citations from the Compendex database). Published Search
The bibliography contains citations concerning ground subsidence associated with mining operations. Mine subsidence is discussed with reference to mathematical modeling, forecasting extent of cavitation, and rock mechanics and mechanisms of stress relaxation. Damage to above and below-ground structures as well as agricultural areas, and mining techniques designed to prevent or reduce subsidence are included. Monitoring of subsidence and detection of cavitation for surface, underground, and ocean floor mining areas are discussed and examples are analyzed. Subsidence due to aquifer water removal is referenced in a related bibliography. (Contains 250 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)
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Permeability reduction of unconsolidated media due to stress-induced silica dissolution
Permeability measurements were made on both glass beads and Ottowa sand under uniform confining stress conditions. Extreme permeability reduction (95%) of the glass beads was observed at temperatures exceeding 150/sup 0/C and confining pressures of 13.8 MPa with distilled water as the flowing fluid. Permeability reduction in the Ottowa sand (40%) was also observed at high temperature and confining pressure. Effluent analysis revealed high concentrations of silica. Subsequent 300 hour experiments with Ottowa sand exhibited a steady decrease in permeability with time. SEM photographs of post experiment cores, indicate that the permeability reduction is mainly due to stress induced silica dissolution at grain contacts.
Udell, K.S.; Lofy, J.D.
Reduction of Statistical Power Per Event Due to Upper Lifetime Cuts in Lifetime Measurements
A cut on the maximum lifetime in a lifetime fit not only reduces the number of events, but also, in some circumstances dramatically, decreases the statistical significance of each event. The upper impact parameter cut in the hadronic B trigger at CDF, which is due to technical limitations, has the same effect. In this note we describe and quantify the consequences of such a cut on lifetime measurements. We find that even moderate upper lifetime cuts, leaving event numbers nearly unchanged, can dramatically increase the statistical uncertainty of the fit result.
Jonas Rademacker
Nonlinear dissipation of circularly polarized Alfven waves due to the beam-induced obliquely propagating waves
In the present study, the dissipation processes of circularly polarized Alfven waves in solar wind plasmas including beam components are numerically discussed by using a 2-D hybrid simulation code. Numerical results suggest that the parent Alfven waves are rapidly dissipated due to the presence of the beam-induced obliquely propagating waves, such as kinetic Alfven waves. The nonlinear wave-wave coupling is directly evaluated by using the induction equation for the parent wave. It is also observed both in the 1-D and 2-D simulations that the presence of large amplitude Alfven waves strongly suppresses the beam instabilities.
Nariyuki, Y. [Faculty of Human Development, University of Toyama, 3190, Toyama City, Toyama 930-8555 (Japan); Hada, T. [Department of Earth System Science and Technology, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga City, Fukuoka 816-8580 (Japan); Tsubouchi, K. [Department of Earth and Planetary Physics, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033 (Japan)
Field collapse due to band-tail charge in amorphous silicon solar cells
It is common for the fill factor to decrease with increasing illumination intensity in hydrogenated amorphous silicon solar cells. This is especially critical for thicker solar cells, because the decrease is more severe than in thinner cells. Usually, the fill factor under uniformly absorbed red light changes much more than under strongly absorbed blue light. The cause of this is usually assumed to arise from space charge trapped in deep defect states. The authors model this behavior of solar cells using the Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic Structures (AMPS) simulation program. The simulation shows that the decrease in fill factor is caused by photogenerated space charge trapped in the band-tail states rather than in defects. This charge screens the applied field, reducing the internal field. Owing to its lower drift mobility, the space charge due to holes exceeds that due to electrons and is the main cause of the field screening. The space charge in midgap states is small compared with that in the tails and can be ignored under normal solar-cell operating conditions. Experimentally, the authors measured the photocapacitance as a means to probe the collapsed field. They also explored the light intensity dependence of photocapacitance and explain the decrease of FF with the increasing light intensity.
Wang, Qi; Crandall, R.S. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Schiff, E.A. [Syracuse Univ., NY (United States)
An evaluation of an empirical model for stall delay due to rotation for HAWTS
The objective of this study was to evaluate the Corrigan and Schillings stall delay model for predicting rotor performance for horizontal axis wind turbines. Two-dimensional (2D) wind tunnel characteristics with and without stall delay were used in the computer program PROP93 to predict performance for the NREL Combined Experiment Rotor (CER) and a lower solidity commercial machine. For the CER, predictions were made with a constant-chord/twisted blade and a hypothetical tapered/twisted blade. Results for the constant-chord/twisted blade were compared with CER data. Predicted performance using this empirical stall-delay method provided significant increases in peak power over 2D post-stall airfoil characteristics. The predicted peak power increase due to stall delay for the CER was found to be quite large (20% to 30%) as a result of its high blade solidity. For a more typical, lower-solidity commercial blade the predicted peak power increase was 15% to 20%. As described in the paper, correlation with test data was problematic due to factors not related to the stall-delay model.
Tangler, J.L. [National Renewable Energy Lab., Golden, CO (United States); Selig, M.S. [Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, IL (United States). Dept. of Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering
Wakefield and RF Kicks Due to Coupler Asymmetry in TESLA-Type Accelerating Cavities
In a future linear collider, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), trains of high current, low emittance bunches will be accelerated in a linac before colliding at the interaction point. Asymmetries in the accelerating cavities of the linac will generate fields that will kick the beam transversely and degrade the beam emittance and thus the collider performance. In the main linac of the ILC, which is filled with TESLA-type superconducting cavities, it is the fundamental (FM) and higher mode (HM) couplers that are asymmetric and thus the source of such kicks. The kicks are of two types: one, due to (the asymmetry in) the fundamental RF fields and the other, due to transverse wakefields that are generated by the beam even when it is on axis. In this report we calculate the strength of these kicks and estimate their effect on the ILC beam. The TESLA cavity comprises nine cells, one HM coupler in the upstream end, and one (identical, though rotated) HM coupler and one FM coupler in the downstream end (for their shapes and location see Figs. 1, 2) [1]. The cavity is 1.1 m long, the iris radius 35 mm, and the coupler beam pipe radius 39 mm. Note that the couplers reach closer to the axis than the irises, down to a distance of 30 mm.
Bane, K.L.F.; Adolphsen, C.; Li, Z.; /SLAC; Dohlus, M.; Zagorodnov, I.; /DESY; Gonin, I.; Lunin, A.; Solyak, N.; Yakovlev, V.; /Fermilab; Gjonaj, E.; Weiland, T.; /Darmstadt, Tech. Hochsch.
The minimum current corona model provides a way to estimate stored coronal energy using the number of field lines connecting regions of positive and negative photospheric flux. This information is quantified by the net flux connecting pairs of opposing regions in a connectivity matrix. Changes in the coronal magnetic field, due to processes such as magnetic reconnection, manifest themselves as changes in the connectivity matrix. However, the connectivity matrix will also change when flux sources emerge or submerge through the photosphere, as often happens in active regions. We have developed an algorithm to estimate the changes in flux due to emergence and submergence of magnetic flux sources. These estimated changes must be accounted for in order to quantify storage and release of magnetic energy in the corona. To perform this calculation over extended periods of time, we must additionally have a consistently labeled connectivity matrix over the entire observational time span. We have therefore developed an automated tracking algorithm to generate a consistent connectivity matrix as the photospheric source regions evolve over time. We have applied this method to NOAA Active Region 11112, which underwent a GOES M2.9 class flare around 19:00 on 2010 October 16th, and calculated a lower bound on the free magnetic energy buildup of {approx}8.25 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 30} erg over 3 days.
Tarr, Lucas; Longcope, Dana [Department of Physics, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 (United States)
Optical losses of solar mirrors due to atmospheric contamination at Liberal, Kansas and Oologah, Oklahoma
An assessment is presented of the effect of outdoor exposure on mirrors located at two sites selected for potential solar cogeneration/repowering facilities: Liberal, Kansas and Oologah, Oklahoma. Mirror coupons were placed on tracking heliostat simulators located in the proposed heliostat fields and were removed periodically. The spectral hemispherical and diffuse reflectances of these coupons were measured. Representative samples were analyzed for the chemical composition of the dust particulates using SEM/EDX. Other samples were washed with a high pressure spray and recharacterized to determine the effects of the residual dust. Average specular reflectance losses over the entire test period (up to 504 days) were 6 to 12%, with a range of 1 to 30%. Specular reflectance losses varied widely from day to day depending on local weather conditions. The losses due to scattering were 2 to 5 times greater than the losses due to absorptance. The average degradation rate over the first thirty days was an order of magnitude larger than the average degradation rate over the entire sampling period. Specular reflectance loss rates averaged 0.5% per day and greater between periods of natural cleaning. The chemical composition of the dust on the mirrors was characteristic of the indigenous soil, with some samples also showing the presence of sulfur and chlorine, possibly from cooling tower drift.
Dake, L.S.; Lind, M.A.
Coping with Internet channel conflict
If you do not sell your products directly over the Internet, people will go to your competitors who do, while if you do sell your products directly, your distributors and dealers will desert you and only carry products from manufacturers who do not compete ...
Younghwa Lee; Zoonky Lee; Kai R. T. Larsen
Controlling Deformation in Elastic and Viscoelastic Beams Due to Temperature and Moisture Changes Using Piezoelectric Actuator
This thesis analyzes the implementation of surface bonded piezoelectric actuators to control or minimize the deformation in elastic or viscoelastic cantilever beams due to simultaneous heat and moisture diffusion. The problem is addressed in the context of linearized elasticity and linearized viscoelasticity. The constitutive equations are derived from the balance laws for mass, linear and angular momenta, energy, entropy and the second law of thermodynamics. The constitutive equations for linearized elasticity are then obtained as a consequence of small deformation assumption. The temperature and moisture induced deformation is introduced through the coefficient of thermal expansion CTE and coefficient of moisture expansion CME. The constitutive equations for linearized viscoelasticity are obtained by correspondence principle. The coupled temperature and moisture diffusion equations are obtained as a consequence of Clausius-Duhem inequality. The extent of coupling between heat conduction and moisture diffusion phenomena is studied by varying the ratio of their diffusivities and a non-dimensional coupling parameter. The effect of coupled unsteady heat conduction and moisture diffusion phenomena on the short and long term response characteristics of the beam such as displacement, stress and strain fields is studied. Based on these response characteristics, the magnitude of external actuating voltage required to minimize deformation is predicted. This is followed by a comparative study of the field variables in cases of actuated and unactuated beams. Four materials are chosen for this study; aluminium, epoxy, carbon fiber reinforced polymer with fiber volume fraction of 60 percent, and an epoxy-like viscoelastic material. The viscoelastic material is assumed to be thermorheologically simple. The shift factor is assumed to be a linear function of temperature and moisture fields. To address this problem numerically, a finite difference formulation is presented for the field equations and boundary conditions. This numerical scheme is validated by solving the problem of uniformly loaded cantilever beam and comparing the results with the analytical solution known a priori. The results obtained numerically are validated by comparison with experimental results. It is observed that the under the effect of external actuation, the stress and displacement fields are largely minimized in all four cases chosen for study. The bending in the unactuated viscoelastic beam is more pronounced than bending in the unactuated elastic beam. This is due to the softening of the material with time due to evolving temperature and moisture fields. However, relatively lesser external actuating voltage is necessary to minimize bending in the former case compared to the latter. The magnitude of actuating electric field required in the piezoelectric layer suggests a need to address the problem with in a non-linear framework, no such attempt is made in this study.
Kuravi, Ramachandra Srinivasa Chaitanya
Cosmic ray spectral hardening due to dispersion of source injection spectra
The cosmic ray (CR) energy spectra measured with ATIC, CREAM and PAMELA showed that there is remarkable hardening for rigidity of several hundred GV. We propose that this hardening is due to the superposition of spectra from a population of sources, e.g., supernova remnants (SNRs), whose injection spectral indices have a dispersion. Adopting proper model parameters the observational data can be well explained. It is interesting that the injection source parameters are similar with that derived from gamma-ray observations of SNRs, which may support the SNR-origin of CRs. Furthermore this mechanism provides an alternative explanation of the "ankle-cutoff" structure of the ultra high energy CR spectra.
Yuan, Qiang; Bi, Xiao-Jun
X-ray Absorption Due to Cold Gas in Cluster Cooling Cores
We have calculated the emergent X-ray properties for models of cluster cooling flows including the effects of accumulated cooled material. The opacity of this cooled gas can reduce the overall X-ray luminosity of the cooling flow, and values of Mdot based on these luminosities can underestimate the true value by factors of ~2. We find that accumulated cooled material can produce emergent surface brightness profiles much like those observed even for nearly homogeneous gas distributions. Consequently, much more of the gas may be cooling below X-ray emitting temperatures in the central regions of cooling flows (r cooling flows may have been underestimated. We show that distributed absorption in cooling flows produces a number of observable effects in the spectrum which may allow it to be differentiated from absorption due to gas in our Galaxy. Th...
Wise, M W; Wise, Michael W.; Sarazin, Craig L.
Electron Scattering in InSb Quantum Wells due to Micro-twin Defects
The transport electron scattering due to micro-twin (MT) defects in InSb quantum wells (QWs) has been investigated at room temperature (RT). A linear-regression-based scattering analysis showed that Matthiessen's rule is applicable to the RT electron mobility in 20-nm-thick InSb QWs that contain MTs (whose density is 5.6x10{sup 2}-1.2x10{sup 4} /cm) and threading dislocations (8.7x10{sup 8}-3.2x10{sup 9} /cm{sup 2}) as dominant structural defects. For such an InSb QW whose local electron mobility in its non-MT regions is 2.8x10{sup 4}-4.5x10{sup 4} cm{sup 2}/(Vs), the MT-originated energy barrier against the electron transport is deduced to be 0.081-0.093 eV at RT.
Mishima, T. D.; Santos, M. B. [Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Center for Semiconductor Physics in Nanostructure University of Oklahoma, 440 W. Brooks St., Norman, OK 73019 (United States)
Increased radiation dose at mammography due to prolonged exposure, delayed processing, and increased film darkening
Four single-emulsion films introduced over the past 2 years--Du Pont Microvision, Fuji MiMa, Konica CM, and Eastman Kodak OM--were compared with Eastman Kodak OM SO-177 (Min-RE) film to evaluate their varying effects on mean glandular dose of reciprocity law failure due to prolonged exposure, delayed processing, and increased film darkening as a result of increased radiation exposure to improve penetration of glandular tissue. Exposures over 1.3 seconds led to increased radiation doses of 20%-30%. Delays in processing of 6 hours decreased processing speed by 11%-32% for all films except Du Pont Microvision. Optical density increases of 0.40 required 20%-30% more skin exposure for all five films. Optimal viewing densities were also evaluated and found to be different for each of the five films. Mammographers need to be aware of these differences in mammographic films to achieve maximum contrast at mammography.
Kimme-Smith, C.; Bassett, L.W.; Gold, R.H.; Chow, S. (UCLA Medical Center (USA))
The change in permeability spectra due to ion irradiation in the Co-based amorphous ribbon
The Ar ion has been irradiated by an ion implanter with energy of 50, 70, and 100 keV and an ion dosage was set to 1.0x10{sup 17} ion/cm{sup 2} at a beam flux of 3.7 {mu}A/cm{sup 2}. The ion irradiation decreased the initial permeability and increased the relaxation frequency, and the behavior of permeability spectra due to ion irradiation was explained with damped harmonic model of domain wall on the general basis of magnetization mechanism. The ion irradiation gives rise to a significant change on the restoring force of domain wall but minor effect on the spin rotation. The enhancement in the permeability of the amorphous ribbon upon ion irradiation leads to a parallel improvement of giant magneto impedance response of the material, which is of practical use for sensing applications.
Park, D. G.; Song, H.; Cheong, Y. M. [Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Yuseong, P.O. Box 105, Daejeon 305-600 (Korea, Republic of); Park, C. Y. [Department of Physics, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, C. G. [Department of Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764 (Korea, Republic of)
Assessing Fatigue and Ultimate Load Uncertainty in Floating Offshore Wind Turbines Due to Varying Simulation Length
With the push towards siting wind turbines farther offshore due to higher wind quality and less visibility, floating offshore wind turbines, which can be located in deep water, are becoming an economically attractive option. The International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) 61400-3 design standard covers fixed-bottom offshore wind turbines, but there are a number of new research questions that need to be answered to modify these standards so that they are applicable to floating wind turbines. One issue is the appropriate simulation length needed for floating turbines. This paper will discuss the results from a study assessing the impact of simulation length on the ultimate and fatigue loads of the structure, and will address uncertainties associated with changing the simulation length for the analyzed floating platform. Recommendations of required simulation length based on load uncertainty will be made and compared to current simulation length requirements.
Stewart, G.; Lackner, M.; Haid, L.; Matha, D.; Jonkman, J.; Robertson, A.
Water mass transformation due to mixed layer entrainment and mesoscale stirring: In series or parallel?
The convergence of advective and di#usive buoyancy flux must match the air-sea buoyancy flux between two outcropping isopycnals. This leads to a diagnostic framework for water mass transformation in which a myriad of di#erent processes can be incorporated under a unifying balance. We review how the diapycnal advection due to ubiquitous mixed layer entrainment can be included in this framework, and we estimate its contribution to the large scale transformation. We also consider how decomposing the flow and buoyancy field into mean, eddy and turbulent parts leads to clarifying the interaction of mixed layer and mesoscale (or sub-mesoscale) eddies in the overall large scale balance. 1.
A. Tandon
Estimates of thermal fatigue due to beam interruptions for an ALMR-type ATW
Thermal fatigue due to beam interruptions has been investigated in a sodium cooled ATW using the Advanced Liquid Metal mod B design as a basis for the subcritical source driven reactor. A k{sub eff} of 0.975 was used for the reactor. Temperature response in the primary coolant system was calculated, using the SASSYS- 1 code, for a drop in beam current from full power to zero in 1 microsecond.. Temperature differences were used to calculate thermal stresses. Fatigue curves from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code were used to determine the number of cycles various components should be designed for, based on these thermal stresses.
Dunn, F. E.; Wade, D. C.
New perspectives on the damage estimation for buried pipeline systems due to seismic wave propagation
Over the past three decades, seismic fragility fonnulations for buried pipeline systems have been developed following two tendencies: the use of earthquake damage scenarios from several pipeline systems to create general pipeline fragility functions; and, the use of damage scenarios from one pipeline system to create specific-system fragility functions. In this paper, the advantages and disadvantages of both tendencies are analyzed and discussed; in addition, a summary of what can be considered the new challenges for developing better pipeline seismic fragility formulations is discussed. The most important conclusion of this paper states that more efforts are needed to improve the estimation of transient ground strain -the main cause of pipeline damage due to seismic wave propagation; with relevant advances in that research field, new and better fragility formulations could be developed.
Pineda Porras, Omar Andrey [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The high-field performance of SRF cavities will eventually be limited by the realization of fundamental material limits, whether it is Hc1 or Hsh, or some derivative thereof, at which the superconductivity is lost. Before reaching this fundamental field limit at the macro level, it must be encountered at localized, perhaps microscopic, sites of field enhancement due to local topography. If such sites are small enough, they may produce thermally stabilized normal-conducting regions which contribute non-linear losses when viewed from the macro resonant field perspective, and thus produce degradation in Q0. We have undertaken a calculation of local surface magnetic field enhancement from specific fine topographic structure by conformal mapping method and numerically. A solution of the resulting normal conducting volume has been derived and the corresponding RF Ohmic loss simulated.
Chen Xu,Charles Reece,Michael Kelley
Prediction of subsidence: Relationship between lowering of formation pressure and subsidence due to fluid withdrawal
Abnormally low formation pressures develop in petroleum reservoirs during intensive oil and gas production or in aquifers as a result of water extraction. A simple method is presented for calculating (predicting) the amount of compaction (and resulting subsidence) from the pressure drop in formation due to production, i.e., the increase in the effective pressure p{sub e} (p{sub e} = p{sub t} {minus} p{sub p}, where p{sub t} is the total overburden pressure and p{sub p} is the fluid or pore pressure). This work is based on extensive data collected in Russia. For example, large petroliferous areas in Western Siberia became marshlands as a result of fluid withdrawal. One should remember that sophisticated methods, such as FSMT (direct measurement of rock compaction by wireline tools in situ) and GPS (measurement of surface subsidence by satellite microwave Doppler techniques), are not yet available in many areas of the world.
Serebryakov, V.A.; Chilingar, G.V.
Lowe's "Toolbox for Education" grant applications due by October 12
Lowe's "Toolbox for Education" Grant Applications Lowe's "Toolbox for Education" Grant Applications Community Connections: Our link to Northern New Mexico Communities Latest Issue:Dec. 2013 - Jan. 2014 All Issues » submit Lowe's "Toolbox for Education" grant applications due by October 12 Five million dollars is available for the 2012-13 school year. September 1, 2012 dummy image Read our archives Contacts Editor Linda Anderman Email Community Programs Office Kurt Steinhaus Email Over the past five years, Lowe's "Toolbox for Education " program has provided almost $25 million to more than 5,000 schools across the country. Five million dollars is available for the 2012-13 school year; grant requests must be between $2,000 and $5,000 and will be accepted until October 12, or until 1,500 requests have been received. The grants must be
Stellite 6 Friction Changes Due to Aging and In-Service Testing
For the past several years, researchers at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, under the sponsorship of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, have been investigating the ability of motor-operated valves to close or open when subjected to design basis flow and pressure loads. Part of this research addresses the friction that occurs at the interface between the valve disc and the valve body seats during operation of a gate valve. In most gate valves, these surfaces are hardfaced with Stellite 6, a cobalt-based alloy. The nuclear industry has developed methods to analytically predict the thrust needed to operate these valves at specific pressure conditions. To produce accurate valve thrust predictions; the analyst must have a reasonably accurate, though conservative, estimate of the coefficient of friction at the disc-to-seat interface. One of the questions that remains to be answered is whether, and to what extent, aging of the disc and seat surfaces affects the disc-to-seat coefficient of friction. Specifically, does the accumulation of a surface film due to aging of these surfaces increase the coefficient of friction and if so, how much? This paper presents results of specimen tests addressing this issue with emphasis on the following: � The change in the friction coefficient of Stellite 6 as it ages and whether the friction reaches a plateau. � The effect periodic gate valve cycling due to in-service testing has on the friction coefficient. � The results of an independent review of the test methods, processes, and the results of the research to date. � The status of ongoing aging and friction testing.
Watkins, John Clifford; DeWall, Kevin George
Alleviation of effective permeability reduction of gas-condensate due to condensate buildup near wellbore
When the reservoir pressure is decreased below dew point pressure of the gas near the wellbore, gas-condensate wells start to decrease production because condensate is separated from the gas around the wellbore causing a decrease in gas relative permeability. This effect is more dramatic if the permeability of the reservoir is low. The idea proposed for reducing this problem is to eliminate the irreducible water saturation near the wellbore to leave more space for the gas to flow and therefore increase the productivity of the well. In this research a simulation study was performed to determine the range of permeabilities where the cylinder of condensate will seriously affect the well�?s productivity, and the distance the removal of water around the wellbore has to be extended in order to have acceleration of production and an increase in the final reserves. A compositional-radial reservoir was simulated with one well in the center of 109 grids. Three gas-condensate fluids with different heptanes plus compositions ( 4, 8 and 11 mole %), and two irreducible water saturations were used. The fitting of the Equation of State (EOS) was performed using the method proposed by Aguilar and McCain. Several simulations were performed with several permeabilities to determine the permeabilities for which the productivity is not affected by the presence of the cylinder of condensate. At constant permeability, various radii of a region of zero initial water saturation around the wellbore were simulated and comparisons of the effects of removal of irreducible water on productivity were made. Reservoirs with permeabilities lower than 100 mD showed a reduction in the ultimate reserves due to the cylinder of condensate. The optimal radius of water removal depends on the fluid composition and the irreducible water saturation of the reservoir. The expected increase in reserves due to water removal varies from 10 to 80 % for gas production and from 4 to 30% for condensate production.
Carballo Salas, Jose Gilberto
Time-dependent 2-D modeling of edge plasma transport with high intermittency due to blobs
The results on time-dependent 2-D fluid modeling of edge plasmas with non-diffusive intermittent transport across the magnetic field (termed cross-field) based on the novel macro-blob approach are presented. The capability of this approach to simulate the long temporal evolution ({approx}0.1 s) of the background plasma and simultaneously the fast spatiotemporal dynamics of blobs ({approx}10{sup -4} s) is demonstrated. An analysis of a periodic sequence of many macro-blobs (PSMB) is given showing that the resulting plasma attains a dynamic equilibrium. Plasma properties in the dynamic equilibrium are discussed. In PSMB modeling, the effect of macro-blob generation frequency on edge plasma parameters is studied. Comparison between PSMB modeling and experimental profile data is given. The calculations are performed for the same plasma discharge using two different models for anomalous cross-field transport: time-average convection and PSMB. Parametric analysis of edge plasma variation with transport coefficients in these models is presented. The capability of the models to accurately simulate enhanced transport due to blobs is compared. Impurity dynamics in edge plasma with macro-blobs is also studied showing strong impact of macro-blob on profiles of impurity charge states caused by enhanced outward transport of high-charge states and simultaneous inward transport of low-charge states towards the core. Macro-blobs cause enhancement of sputtering rates, increase radiation and impurity concentration in plasma, and change erosion/deposition patterns.
Pigarov, A. Yu.; Krasheninnikov, S. I. [University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 (United States); Rognlien, T. D. [Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551 (United States)
Heating of near-Earth objects and meteoroids due to close approaches to the Sun
It is known that near-Earth objects (NEOs) during their orbital evolution may often undergo close approaches to the Sun. Indeed it is estimated that up to ~70% of them end their orbital evolution colliding with the Sun. Starting from the present orbital properties, it is possible to compute the most likely past evolution for every NEO, and to trace its distance from the Sun. We find that a large fraction of the population may have experienced in the past frequent close approaches, and thus, as a consequence, a considerable Sun-driven heating, not trivially correlated to the present orbits. The detailed dynamical behaviour, the rotational and the thermal properties of NEOs determine the exact amount of the resulting heating due to the Sun. In the present paper we discuss the general features of the process, providing estimates of the surface temperature reached by NEOs during their evolution. Moreover, we investigate the effects of this process on meteor-size bodies, analyzing possible differences with the NEO...
Marchi, S; Morbidelli, A; Paolicchi, P; Lazzarin, M
We have calculated the emergent X-ray properties for models of cluster cooling flows including the effects of accumulated cooled material. The opacity of this cooled gas can reduce the overall X-ray luminosity of the cooling flow, and values of Mdot based on these luminosities can underestimate the true value by factors of ~2. We find that accumulated cooled material can produce emergent surface brightness profiles much like those observed even for nearly homogeneous gas distributions. Consequently, much more of the gas may be cooling below X-ray emitting temperatures in the central regions of cooling flows (r cooling flows may have been underestimated. We show that distributed absorption in cooling flows produces a number of observable effects in the spectrum which may allow it to be differentiated from absorption due to gas in our Galaxy. These include a characteristic suppression of the continuum below ~2 keV, absorption features such as a redshifted O K-edge, and diminished intensity of resonance emission lines. Spectra including the effects of intrinsic absorption are not well fit by foreground absorbing models. Attempting to fit such models to the spatially resolved spectra can lead to underestimates of the true absorbing column by factors of 3-20. Fits to integrated spectra of the entire cooling flow region can either underestimate or overestimate the mass of the absorbing gas depending on the specifics of the model. We discuss the potential detection of these effects with AXAF, XMM, and Astro-E.
Michael W. Wise; Craig L. Sarazin
An opposite view data replacement approach for reducing artifacts due to metallic dental objects
Purpose: To present a conceptually new method for metal artifact reduction (MAR) that can be used on patients with multiple objects within the scan plane that are also of small sized along the longitudinal (scanning) direction, such as dental fillings. Methods: The proposed algorithm, named opposite view replacement, achieves MAR by first detecting the projection data affected by metal objects and then replacing the affected projections by the corresponding opposite view projections, which are not affected by metal objects. The authors also applied a fading process to avoid producing any discontinuities in the boundary of the affected projection areas in the sinogram. A skull phantom with and without a variety of dental metal inserts was made to extract the performance metric of the algorithm. A head and neck case, typical of IMRT planning, was also tested. Results: The reconstructed CT images based on this new replacement scheme show a significant improvement in image quality for patients with metallic dental objects compared to the MAR algorithms based on the interpolation scheme. For the phantom, the authors showed that the artifact reduction algorithm can efficiently recover the CT numbers in the area next to the metallic objects. Conclusions: The authors presented a new and efficient method for artifact reduction due to multiple small metallic objects. The obtained results from phantoms and clinical cases fully validate the proposed approach.
Yazdi, Mehran; Lari, Meghdad Asadi; Bernier, Gaston; Beaulieu, Luc [Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7134851154 (Iran, Islamic Republic of) and Departement de Radio-Oncologie, Ho circumflex tel-Dieu de Quebec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, 11 Cote du Palais, Quebec, Quebec G1R 2J6 (Canada); Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz 7134851154 (Iran, Islamic Republic of); Departement de Radio-Oncologie, Ho circumflex tel-Dieu de Quebec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, 11 Cote du Palais, Quebec, Quebec G1R 2J6 (Canada); Departement de Physique, de Genie Physique et D'optique, Universite Laval, Quebec, Quebec (Canada) and Departement de Radio-Oncologie, Hotel-Dieu de Quebec, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec, 11 Cote du Palais, Quebec, Quebec G1R 2J6 (Canada)
Radionuclide accumulation in soil due to long-term irrigation is an important part of the model for predicting radiation dose in a long period of time. The model usually assumes an equilibrium condition in soil with a constant irrigation rate, so that radionuclide concentration in soil does not change with time and can be analytically solved. This method is currently being used for the dose assessment in the Yucca Mountain project, which requires evaluating radiation dose for a period of 10,000 years. There are several issues associated with the method: (1) time required for the equilibrium condition, (2) validity of constant irrigation rate, (3) agricultural land use for a long period of time, and (4) variation of a radionuclide concentration in water. These issues are evaluated using a numerical method with a simple model built in the GoldSim software. Some key radionuclides, Tc-99, Np-237, Pu-239, and Am-241 are selected as representative radionuclides. The results indicate that the equilibrium model is acceptable except for a radionuclide that requires long time to accumulate in soil and that its concentration in water changes dramatically with time (i.e. a sharp peak). Then the calculated dose for that radionuclide could be overestimated using the current equilibrium method.
De Wesley Wu
Physical property changes in hydrate-bearingsediment due to depressurization and subsequent repressurization
Physical property measurements of sediment cores containing natural gas hydrate are typically performed on material exposed at least briefly to non-in situ conditions during recovery. To examine effects of a brief excursion from the gas-hydrate stability field, as can occur when pressure cores are transferred to pressurized storage vessels, we measured physical properties on laboratory-formed sand packs containing methane hydrate and methane pore gas. After depressurizing samples to atmospheric pressure, we repressurized them into the methane-hydrate stability field and remeasured their physical properties. Thermal conductivity, shear strength, acoustic compressional and shear wave amplitudes and speeds are compared between the original and depressurized/repressurized samples. X-ray computed tomography (CT) images track how the gas-hydrate distribution changes in the hydrate-cemented sands due to the depressurization/repressurization process. Because depressurization-induced property changes can be substantial and are not easily predicted, particularly in water-saturated, hydrate-bearing sediment, maintaining pressure and temperature conditions throughout the core recovery and measurement process is critical for using laboratory measurements to estimate in situ properties.
Kneafsey, Timothy; Waite, W.F.; Kneafsey, T.J.; Winters, W.J.; Mason, D.H.
Lithium enhancement in X-ray binaries due to stellar rotation
We discuss the high lithium abundances in the secondary stars of X-ray binaries. We show that no lithium production in these stars is necessary, and that the abundances can be explained simply due to the tidally locked rotation of the stars, which lead naturally to slower lithium destruction rates. The differences in abundances of CVs' secondaries from those of LMXBs had previously been put forth as evidence that the compact object was related to the lithium abundance, but this scenario also accounts for the lower lithium abundances in the secondary stars in cataclysmic variable systems (CVs) than in low mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), since these stars have typically lived much longer before becoming tidally locked short period systems. We point out that if this scenario is correct, then the globular cluster X-ray binaries' donor stars should, as a class, show less lithium enhancement relative to other stars of the same spectral type in the clusters than the field X-ray binaries' donor stars show.
T. J. Maccarone; P. G. Jonker; A. I. Sills
Suppression of stimulated Raman scattering due to localization of electron plasma wave in laser beam filaments
The filamentation of the high power laser beam by taking off-axial contribution is investigated when ponderomotive nonlinearity is taken into account. The splitted profile of the laser beam is obtained due to uneven focusing of the off-axial rays. It is observed that the weak electron plasma wave (EPW) propagating in the z direction is nonlinearly coupled in the modified filamentary regions of the laser beam. The semianalytical solution of the nonlinear coupled EPW equation in the presence of laser beam filaments has been found and it is observed that the nonlinear coupling between these two waves leads to localization of the EPW. Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) of this EPW is studied and backreflectivity has been calculated. Further, the localization of EPW affects the eigenfrequency and damping of plasma wave. As a result of this, mismatch and modified enhanced Landau damping lead to the disruption of SRS process and a substantial reduction in the backreflectivity. For the typical laser beam and plasma parameters with wavelength ({lambda}=1064 nm), power flux ({approx_equal}10{sup 16} W cm{sup -2}), and plasma density (n/n{sub cr})=0.2; the backreflectivity was found to be suppressed by a factor of around 20%.
Sharma, Prerana; Sharma, R. P. [Centre for Energy Studies, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016 (India)
Distributed generators (DG) are small scale power supplying sources owned by customers or utilities and scattered throughout the power system distribution network. Distributed generation can be both renewable and non-renewable. Addition of distributed generation is primarily to increase feeder capacity and to provide peak load reduction. However, this addition comes with several impacts on the distribution feeder. Several studies have shown that addition of DG leads to reduction of feeder loss. However, most of these studies have considered lumped load and distributed load models to analyze the effects on system losses, where the dynamic variation of load due to seasonal changes is ignored. It is very important for utilities to minimize the losses under all scenarios to decrease revenue losses, promote efficient asset utilization, and therefore, increase feeder capacity. This paper will investigate an IEEE 13-node feeder populated with photovoltaic generators on detailed residential houses with water heater, Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) units, lights, and other plug and convenience loads. An analysis of losses for different power system components, such as transformers, underground and overhead lines, and triplex lines, will be performed. The analysis will utilize different seasons and different solar penetration levels (15%, 30%).
Tuffner, Francis K.; Singh, Ruchi
Stochastic Force Due to a Quantum Scalar Field in Minkowski Spacetime
A method is presented for computing approximate expressions for the stochastic force term $\\xi_{ab}$ which appears in the Einstein-Langevin equation of stochastic gravity. Within this framework, $\\xi_{ab}$ is a stochastic tensor field whose probability distribution mimics the probability distribution of the fluctuations of the quantum stress tensor operator; it is defined to be a random tensor field of zero mean whose correlation function is given by the expectation value of the symmetrized two point function of the stress energy fluctuation operator, called the noise kernel. Approximate expressions are obtained by means of a truncated Karhunen-Loeve transform defined on a random lattice of spacetime points. Due to the singular nature of the noise kernel, a coarse graining procedure is used to regulate divergences; as a result, the expressions obtained for $\\xi_{ab}$ approximate values which might be seen by a probe measuring fluctuations in the stress energy using a sampling profile of finite width. Two realizations of $\\xi_{ab}$ in Minkowski spacetime for the conformally invariant quantum scalar field in the Minkowski vacuum state are presented.
Jason D. Bates
Induced Current Characteristics Due to Laser Induced Plasma and Its Application to Laser Processing Monitoring
In laser processing, suitable conditions for laser and gas play important role in ensuring a high quality of processing. To determine suitable conditions, we employed the electromagnetic phenomena associated with laser plasma generation. An electrode circuit was utilised to detect induced current due to the fast electrons propelled from the material during laser material processing. The characteristics of induced current were examined by changing parameters such as supplied voltage, laser pulse energy, number of laser shots, and type of ambient gas. These characteristics were compared with the optical emission characteristics. It was shown that the induced current technique proposed in this study is much more sensitive than the optical method in monitoring laser processing, that is to determine the precise focusing condition, and to accurately determine the moment of completion of laser beam penetration. In this study it was also shown that the induced current technique induced by CW CO{sub 2} laser can be applied in industrial material processing for monitoring the penetration completion in a stainless steel plate drilling process.
Madjid, Syahrun Nur; Idris, Nasrullah [Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University, Banda Aceh (Indonesia); Kurniawan, Koo Hendrik [Research Center of Maju Makmur Mandiri Foundation, 40/80 Srengseng Raya, Jakarta 11630 (Indonesia); Kagawa, Kiichiro [Department of Physics, Faculty of Education and Regional Studies, University of Fukui, 9-1 Bunkyo 3-chome, Fukui 910-8507 (Japan)
Underground Infrastructure Impacts Due to a Surface Burst Nuclear Device in an Urban Canyon Environment
Investigation of the effects of a nuclear device exploded in a urban environment such as the Chicago studied for this particular report have shown the importance on the effects from the urban canyons so typical of today's urban environment as compared to nuclear test event effects observed at the Nevada Test Site (NTS) and the Pacific Testing Area on which many of the typical legacy empirical codes are based on. This report first looks at the some of the data from nuclear testing that can give an indication of the damage levels that might be experienced due to a nuclear event. While it is well known that a above ground blast, even a ground burst, very poorly transmits energy into the ground ( < 1%) and the experimental results discussed here are for fully coupled detonations, these results do indicate a useful measure of the damage that might be expected. The second part of the report looks at effects of layering of different materials that typically would make up the near ground below surface environment that a shock would propagate through. As these simulations support and is widely known in the community, the effects of different material compositions in these layers modify the shock behavior and especially modify the energy dispersal and coupling into the basement structures. The third part of the report looks at the modification of the underground shock effects from a surface burst 1 KT device due to the presence of basements under the Chicago buildings. Without direct knowledge of the basement structure, a simulated footprint of a uniform 20m depth was assumed underneath each of the NGI defined buildings in the above ground environment. In the above ground case, the underground basement structures channel the energy along the line of site streets keeping the shock levels from falling off as rapidly as has been observed in unobstructed detonations. These simulations indicate a falloff of factors of 2 per scaled length as compared to 10 for the unobstructed case. Again, as in the above ground case, the basements create significant shielding causing the shock profile to become more square and reducing the potential for damage diagonal to the line of sight streets. The results for a 1KT device is that the heavily damaged zone (complete destruction) will extend out to 50m from the detonation ({approx}100m for 10KT). The heavily to moderately damaged zone will extend out to 100m ({approx}200m for 10KT). Since the destruction will depend on geometric angle from the detonation and also the variability of response for various critical infrastructure, for planning purposes the area out to 100m from the detonation should be assumed to be non-operational. Specifically for subway tunnels, while not operational, they could be human passable for human egress in the moderately damaged area. The results of the simulations presented in this report indicate only the general underground infrastructure impact. Simulations done with the actual basement geometry would be an important improvement. Equally as important or even more so, knowing the actual underground material configurations and material composition would be critical information to refine the calculations. Coupling of the shock data into structural codes would help inform the emergency planning and first response communities on the impact to underground structures and the state of buildings after the detonation.
Bos, Randall J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Dey, Thomas N. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Runnels, Scott R. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Dynamic Response of a Rotor-air Bearing System Due to Base Induced Periodic Motions
Oil-free microturbomachinery (MTM) are inevitably subjected to base or foundation excitations: multiple periodic load excitations from internal combustion (IC) engines in turbochargers, for example. Too large base excitations can produce severe damage, even failure, due to hard collision or rubbing contact between a rotor and its bearings. Therefore, it is paramount to evaluate the reliability of rotor-air bearing systems to withstanding base load excitations. In 2008, intermittent shock excitations, up to 30 g (pk-pk), were introduced to a test rig consisting of a rotor (0.825 kg) supported on two hybrid flexure pivot tilting pad gas bearings (FPTPBs). The experiments demonstrated the reliability of the gas bearings to withstanding external transient load excitations. Presently, a shaker delivers periodic load excitations to the base plate supporting the test rig. The whole system, weighing 48 kg, is supported on two soft coil springs and its lowest natural frequency is ~5 Hz. The rod connecting the shaker to the base plate is not affixed rigidly to the test rig base. The rod merely pushes on the base plate and hence the induced based motions are intermittent with multiple impacts and frequencies. As with most practical conditions, the base motion frequencies (5-12 Hz) are low respective to the operating speed of the rotor-bearing system. Rotor speed coast down tests evidence the rotor-bearing system natural frequency when the gas bearings are supplied with feed pressures increasing from 2.36 to 5.08 bar (ab). Shaker excitation induced rotor response, relative to the bearing housings, contains the main input frequency (5-12 Hz) and its super harmonics; and because of the intermittency of the base motions, it also excites the rotor-bearing system natural frequency, with smaller motion amplitudes than synchronous motion components. The excitation of the system natural frequency does not mean rotordynamic instability. With base induced motions, the rotor motion amplitude at the system natural frequency increases as the gas bearing feed pressure decreases, as the rotor speed increases, and as the shaker input excitation frequency increases (5-12 Hz). Hence, the test rotor-air bearing system is highly sensitive to base motions, intermittent in character, in particular when the gas bearings are supplied with a low feed pressure. Predicted rotor motion responses obtained from XLTRC2 and an analytical rigid rotor model, both including the (measured) periodic base motions, show good correlation with the measurements. The research results demonstrate further the applicability of gas bearings into oil-free high speed MTM.
Niu, Yaying
Model Diagnosis of Nighttime Minimum Temperature Warming during Summer due to Irrigation in the California Central Valley
This study examines the mechanisms of nighttime minimum temperature warming in the California Central Valley during summer due to irrigation. The Scripps Experimental Climate Prediction Center (ECPC) Regional Spectral Model (RSM) was used to ...
Hideki Kanamaru; Masao Kanamitsu
Comments on �Influence of Location, Population, and Climate on Building Damage and Fatalities due to Australian Bushfire: 1925�2009�
The absence of an upward trend in normalized building damage in Australian bushfires may reflect reduced vulnerability (due to improved weather forecasts and other factors) offsetting increases in the frequency or intensity of bushfires.
Neville Nicholls
Effect on the Lifetime of an Atom Undergoing a Dipole Transition Due to the Presence of a Resonating Atom
The modification of the transition rate from the Einstein A coefficient for an atomic dipole transition due to the presence of a similar atom is obtained without the use of damping theory.
Edwin A. Power
Mental health and employment amongst persons who resettled in Sweden in 1993 1994 due to the war in Bosnia Herzegovina.
??General aim: To explore employment and mental health among people from Bosnia-Herzegovina who came to Sweden in 1993-1994 due to the war. Hypotheses: 1) poor� (more)
Blight, Karin Johansson
Some Influences of Background Flow Conditions on the Generation of Turbulence due to Gravity Wave Breaking above Deep Convection
Deep moist convection generates turbulence in the clear air above and around developing clouds, penetrating convective updrafts and mature thunderstorms. This turbulence can be due to shearing instabilities caused by strong flow deformations near ...
Todd P. Lane; Robert D. Sharman
Purpose: To describe a methodology for reconstruction of doses due to medical exposures for members of the Techa River Cohort (TRC) who received diagnostic radiation at the clinic of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine (URCRM) in 1952�2005. To calculate doses of medical exposure for the TRC members and compare with the doses that resulted from radioactive contamination of the Techa River. Material and Methods: Reconstruction of individual medical doses is based on data on x-ray diagnostic procedures available for each person examined at the URCRM clinics and values of absorbed dose in 12 organs per typical x-ray procedure calculated with the use of a mathematical phantom. Personal data on x-ray diagnostic examinations have been complied in the computerized �Registry of x-ray diagnostic procedures.� Sources of information are archival registry books from the URCRM x-ray room (available since 1956) and records on x-ray diagnostic procedures in patient-case histories (since 1952). The absorbed doses for 12 organs of interest have been evaluated per unit typical x-ray procedure with account taken of the x-ray examination parameters characteristic for the diagnostic machines used at the URCRM clinics. These parameters have been evaluated from published data on technical characteristics of the x-ray diagnostic machines used at the URCRM clinics in 1952�1988 and taken from the x-ray room for machines used at the URCRM in 1989�2005. Absorbed doses in the 12 organs per unit typical x-ray procedure have been calculated with use of a special computer code, EDEREX, developed at the Saint-Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev. Individual accumulated doses of medical exposure have been calculated with a computer code, MEDS (Medical Exposure Dosimetry System), specifically developed at the URCRM. Results: At present, the �Registry of x-ray diagnostic procedures� contains information on individual x-ray examinations for over 9,500 persons including 6,415 TRC members. Statistical analysis of the Registry data showed that the more frequent types of examinations were fluoroscopy and radiography of the chest and fluoroscopy of the stomach and the esophagus. Average absorbed doses accumulated by year 2005 calculated for the 12 organs varied from 4 mGy for testes to 40 mGy for bone surfaces. Maximum individual medical doses could reach 500�650 mGy and in some cases exceeded doses from exposure at the Techa River. Conclusions: For the first time the doses of medical exposure were calculated and analyzed for members of the Techa River Cohort who received diagnostic radiation at the URCRM clinics. These results are being used in radiation-risk analysis to adjust for this source of confounding exposure in the TRC.
Shagina, N. B.; Golikov, V.; Degteva, M. O.; Vorobiova, M. I.; Anspaugh, L. R.; Napier, Bruce A.
Comment on"Air Emissions Due to Wind and Solar Power" and Supporting Information
Katzenstein and Apt investigate the important question of pollution emission reduction benefits from variable generation resources such as wind and solar. Their methodology, which couples an individual variable generator to a dedicated gas plant to produce a flat block of power is, however, inappropriate. For CO{sub 2}, the authors conclude that variable generators 'achieve {approx} 80% of the emission reductions expected if the power fluctuations caused no additional emissions.' They find even lower NO{sub x} emission reduction benefits with steam-injected gas turbines and a 2-4 times net increase in NO{sub x} emissions for systems with dry NO{sub x} control unless the ratio of energy from natural gas to variable plants is greater than 2:1. A more appropriate methodology, however, would find a significantly lower degradation of the emissions benefit than suggested by Katzenstein and Apt. As has been known for many years, models of large power system operations must take into account variable demand and the unit commitment and economic dispatch functions that are practiced every day by system operators. It is also well-known that every change in wind or solar power output does not need to be countered by an equal and opposite change in a dispatchable resource. The authors recognize that several of their assumptions to the contrary are incorrect and that their estimates therefore provide at best an upper bound to the emissions degradation caused by fluctuating output. Yet they still present the strong conclusion: 'Carbon dioxide emissions reductions are likely to be 75-80% of those presently assumed by policy makers. We have shown that the conventional method used to calculate emissions is inaccurate, particularly for NO{sub x} emissions.' The inherently problematic methodology used by the authors makes such strong conclusions suspect. Specifically, assuming that each variable plant requires a dedicated natural gas backup plant to create a flat block of power ignores the benefits of diversity. In real power systems, operators are required to balance only the net variations of all loads and all generators, not the output of individual loads or generators; doing otherwise would ensure an enormous amount of unnecessary investment and operating costs. As a result, detailed studies that aggregate the variability of all loads and generators to the system level find that the amount of operating reserves required to reliably integrate variable resources into the grid are on the order of 10% of the nameplate capacity of the variable generators, even when upto25%of gross demand is being met by variable generation. The authors implicit assumption that incremental operating reserves must be 100% of the nameplate capacity of the variable generation, and be available at all times to directly counter that variability, excludes the option of decommitting conventional units when the load net of variable generation is low. In real power systems, generation response to wind variation can typically be met by a combination of committed units, each operating at a relatively efficient point of their fuel curves. In the Supporting Information, we conceptually demonstrate that the CO{sub 2} and NO{sub x} efficiency penalty found by the authors can be significantly reduced by considering the unit commitment decision with just five plants. Real systems often have tens to hundreds of plants that can be committed and decommitted over various time frames. Ignoring the flexibility of the unit commitment decision therefore leads to unsupportable results. Anumber of analyses of the fuel savings and CO{sub 2} emission benefits of variable generation have considered realistic operating reserve requirements and unit commitment decisions in models that include the reduction in part load efficiency of conventional plants. The efficiency penalty due to the variability of wind in four studies considered by Gross et al. is negligible to 7%, for up to a 20% wind penetration level. In short, for moderate wind penetration levels, 'there is no evidence available to
Mills, Andrew D.; Wiser, Ryan H.; Milligan, Michael; O'Malley, Mark
Multi-GeV neutrinos due to neutro anti-neutron oscillation in Gamma-Ray Burst Fireballs
The long and short gamma-ray bursts are believed to be produced due to collapse of massive stars and merger of compact binaries respectively. All these objects are rich in neutron and the jet outflow from these objects must have a neutron component in it. By postulating the neutron anti-neutron oscillation in the gamma-ray burst fireball, we show that, 19-38 GeV neutrinos and anti-neutrinos can be produced due to annihilation of anti-neutrons with the background neutrons. These neutrinos and anti-neutrinos will be produced before the 5-10 GeV neutrinos due to dynamical decoupling of neutrons from the rest of the fireball. Observation of these neutrinos will shed more light on the nature of the GRB progenitors and also be a unique signature of physics beyond the standard model. A possible way of detecting these neutrinos in future is also discussed.
Sarira Sahu
Wind Bias from Sub-optimal Estimation Due to Geophysical Modeling Error Paul E. Johnson and David G . Long
Wind Bias from Sub-optimal Estimation Due to Geophysical Modeling Error -Wind I Paul E. Johnson (which relates the wind to the normalized radar cross section, NRCS, of the ocean surface) is uncertainty in the NRCS for given wind conditions. When the estimated variability is in- cluded in the maximum likelihood
Long, David G.
Fuzzy probability measures (FPM) based non-symmetric membership function: Engineering examples of ground subsidence due to underground mining
This paper introduces a new FPM method for prediction of surface subsidence due to inclined coal seam mining. Based on the non-symmetric membership function and the definition of the fuzzy probability measure, the mathematical model for the two-dimensional ... Keywords: Fuzzy probability measures, Ground subsidence, Inclined coal seam, Non-symmetric membership function, Underground mining
Wen-Xiu Li; Lin Liu; Lan-Fang Dai
Abstract--Disruption of electric power operations can be catastrophic on the national security and economy. Due to the
and systematic manner. SCADA protocols have advanced from point-to-point links to newer protocols of the integration issues is important when both past and future SCADA protocols are involved. Due and future SCADA protocols are involved. Table 1 is a summary of the SCADA protocol evolution from 1970s
Manimaran, Govindarasu
An arc flash is the result of a rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault between
- Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace requires that a flash hazard analysis be conductedAn arc flash is the result of a rapid release of energy due to an arcing fault between conductors. The conductive material usually burns away from the intense heat. If conditions are right, the flow of energy can
U.S ITER : electromagnetic analysis of transient forces due to disrupted plasma currents on the ITER shield modules.
This paper describes the electromagnetic analysis that has been completed using the OPERA-3d product to characterize the forces on the ITER shield modules as part of the conceptual design. These forces exist due to the interaction of the eddy currents induced in the shield modules and the large magnetic fields present in the tokamak.
Kotulski, Joseph Daniel; Coats, Rebecca Sue; Pasik, Michael Francis
HEPPA 2011 Session 3. 3.6 Radiation belt electron precipitation due to geomagnetic storms: significance to middle
HEPPA 2011 Session 3. 3.6 Radiation belt electron precipitation due to geomagnetic storms, Sodankyl¨a, Finland Geomagnetic storms triggered by coronal mass ejections and high-speed solar-90 km altitudes) as a result of a single geomagnetic storm. The study condi- tions were chosen
Ulich, Thomas
The Nature of the Poleward Heat Flux Due to Low-Frequency Current Fluctuations in Drake Passage
Values of poleward heat flux due to low-frequency current fluctuations in Drake Passage are presented for 19 long-term current meter records obtained during 1975, 1976 and 1977. Most of the measurements (10) are in the center of the passage near ...
Frank Sciremammano Jr.
Molecular dynamics simulation of erosion and surface evolution of tungsten due to bombardment with deuterium and carbon in
Molecular dynamics simulation of erosion and surface evolution of tungsten due to bombardment Available online 24 May 2013 Keywords: Molecular dynamic simulation Carbon irradiation on tungsten t The behavior of tungsten as plasma facing material in fusion environment is investigated using molecular
Harilal, S. S.
Influence of Location, Population, and Climate on Building Damage and Fatalities due to Australian Bushfire: 1925�2009
This study reevaluates the history of building damage and loss of life due to bushfire (wildfire) in Australia since 1925 in light of the 2009 Black Saturday fires in Victoria in which 173 people lost their lives and 2298 homes were destroyed ...
Ryan P. Crompton; K. John McAneney; Keping Chen; Roger A. Pielke Jr.; Katharine Haynes
ENERGY CHANGES IN STRESSED BODIES DUE TO VOID AND CRACK J. R. Rice** and D. C. Drucker***
, and the mechanical aspects of stress corrosion cracking are discussed. INTRODUCTION A comparison is made firstENERGY CHANGES IN STRESSED BODIES DUE TO VOID AND CRACK GROWTH* J. R. Rice** and D. C. Drucker materials, and for the mechanical aspects of stress corrosion. The authors acknowledge with thei~ respective
A Coupled Biosphere�Atmosphere Climate Model Suitable for Studies of Climatic Change Due to Land Surface Alterations
A biosphere model based on BATS (Biosphere�Atmosphere Transfer Scheme) is coupled to a primitive equation global statistical�dynamical model in order to study the climatic impact due to land surface alterations. The fraction of the earth�s ...
M�rio Adelmo Varej�o-Silva; Sergio H. Franchito; Vadlamudi Brahmananda Rao
Prediction of energy change due to hot carrier injection in nano-structured CMOS system: Perspective of an envelope detector
Due to aggressive scaling of CMOS technology, many time-variant issues are catastrophic to MOSFET reliability. Hot carrier injection (HCI) is one of these reliability issues and is a limiting factor for n-MOSFET performance. The HCI aging effect causes ... Keywords: CMOS reliability, Gain change, Radio frequency, n-MOSFET aging
Nissar Mohammad Karim, Norhayati Soin, Sadia Manzoor, F. Y. Soon, M. Mounir
The Electrochemical Surface Potential Due to Classical Point Charge Models Drives Anion Adsorption to the Air-Water Interface
We demonstrate that the driving forces for ion adsorption to the air-water interface for point charge models results from both cavitation and a term that is of the form of a negative electrochemical surface potential. We carefully characterize the role of the free energy due to the electrochemical surface potential computed from simple empirical models and its role in ionic adsorption within the context of dielectric continuum theory. Our research suggests that the electrochemical surface potential due to point charge models provides anions with a significant driving force to the air-water interface. This is contrary to the results of ab initio simulations that indicate that the average electrostatic surface potential should favor the desorption of anions at the air-water interface. The results have profound implications for the studies of ionic distributions in the vicinity of hydrophobic surfaces and proteins.
Marcel D. Baer; Abraham C. Stern; Yan Levin; Douglas J. Tobias; Christopher J. Mundy
Anomalous Behavior of D-Layer Preparation Time of the Ionosphere Due to Earthquakes as observed from Malda (India)
The anomalous behavior of D-layer preparation time of the ionosphere are observed only before, during and after the earthquakes, which took place in the neighbouring region by monitoring the Very Low Frequency (VLF) signal using Gyrator II loop antenna. The anomalies were also observed in the sunrise terminator times during seismically active days. These anomalous behavior may be due to the Lithosphere-Ionosphere coupling. These anomalies may be a precursor of earthquake.
Chatterjee, Achintya K.; Nandy, Nilmadhab; Bari, Md. Washimul; Choudhury, Asit K. [Indian Centre for Space Physics (Malda Branch), Atul Market, Malda, West Bengal, Inda, 732101 (India)
Evaluation of the electromagnetic effects due to direct lighting to nuclear explosive areas at Pantex. Final report
This report summarizes the effort to quantify the electromagnetic environments in the nuclear explosive areas at Pantex due to direct lightning. The fundamental measure of the threat to nuclear safety is assumed to be the maximum voltage between any two points in an assembly area, which is then available for producing arcing or for driving current into critical subsystems of a nuclear weapon. This maximum voltage has been computed with simple analytical models and with three-dimensional finite-difference computer codes.
Merewether, K.O.; Chen, K.C.
Exploration of Quench Initiation Due to Intentional Geometrical Defects in a High Magnetic Field Region of an SRF Cavity
A computer program which was used to simulate and analyze the thermal behaviors of SRF cavities has been developed at Jefferson Lab using C++ code. This code was also used to verify the quench initiation due to geometrical defects in high magnetic field region of SRF cavities. We built a CEBAF single cell cavity with 4 artificial defects near equator, and this cavity has been tested with T-mapping. The preheating behavior and quench initiation analysis of this cavity will be presented here using the computer program.
J. Dai, K. Zhao, G.V. Eremeev, R.L. Geng, A.D. Palczewski; Dai, J. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Palczewski, A. D. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Eremeev, G. V. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Geng, R. L. [Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, VA (United States); Zhao, K. [Institute of Heavy Ion Physics, Peking University, Beijing (China)
Effects of Plasma Drag on Low Earth Orbiting Satellites due to Heating of Earth's Atmosphere by Coronal Mass Ejections
Solar events, such as coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and solar flares, heat up the upper atmosphere and near-Earth space environment. Due to this heating and expansion of the outer atmosphere by the energetic ultraviolet, X-ray and particles expelled from the sun, the low Earth-Orbiting satellites (LEOS) become vulnerable to an enhanced drag force by the ions and molecules of the expanded atmosphere. Out of various types of perturbations, Earth directed CMEs play the most significant role. They are more frequent and intense during the active (solar maximum) phase of the sun's approximately 11-year cycle. As we are approaching another solar maximum later in 2013, it may be instructive to analyse the effects of the past solar cycles on the orbiting satellites using the archival data of space environment parameters as indicators. In this paper, we compute the plasma drag on a model LEOS due to the atmospheric heating by CMEs and other solar events as a function of the solar parameters. Using the current forecast ...
Nwankwo, Victor U J
The mean electromotive force due to turbulence of a conducting fluid in the presence of mean flow
The mean electromotive force caused by turbulence of an electrically conducting fluid, which plays a central part in mean--field electrodynamics, is calculated for a rotating fluid. Going beyond most of the investigations on this topic, an additional mean motion in the rotating frame is taken into account. One motivation for our investigation originates from a planned laboratory experiment with a Ponomarenko-like dynamo. In view of this application the second--order correlation approximation is used. The investigation is of high interest in astrophysical context, too. Some contributions to the mean electromotive are revealed which have not been considered so far, in particular contributions to the $\\alpha$--effect and related effects due to the gradient of the mean velocity. Their relevance for dynamo processes is discussed. In a forthcoming paper the results reported here will be specified to the situation in the laboratory and partially compared with experimental findings.
Karl-Heinz Readler; Rodion Stepanov
Method and apparatus for simulating atmospheric absorption of solar energy due to water vapor and CO{sub 2}
A method and apparatus for improving the accuracy of the simulation of sunlight reaching the earth`s surface includes a relatively small heated chamber having an optical inlet and an optical outlet, the chamber having a cavity that can be filled with a heated stream of CO{sub 2} and water vapor. A simulated beam comprising infrared and near infrared light can be directed through the chamber cavity containing the CO{sub 2} and water vapor, whereby the spectral characteristics of the beam are altered so that the output beam from the chamber contains wavelength bands that accurately replicate atmospheric absorption of solar energy due to atmospheric CO{sub 2} and moisture. 8 figs.
Sopori, B.L.
Method and apparatus for simulating atomospheric absorption of solar energy due to water vapor and CO.sub.2
A method and apparatus for improving the accuracy of the simulation of sunlight reaching the earth's surface includes a relatively small heated chamber having an optical inlet and an optical outlet, the chamber having a cavity that can be filled with a heated stream of CO.sub.2 and water vapor. A simulated beam comprising infrared and near infrared light can be directed through the chamber cavity containing the CO.sub.2 and water vapor, whereby the spectral characteristics of the beam are altered so that the output beam from the chamber contains wavelength bands that accurately replicate atmospheric absorption of solar energy due to atmospheric CO.sub.2 and moisture.
Sopori, Bhushan L. (Denver, CO)
Biological Damage due to Photospheric, Chromospheric and Flare Radiation in the Environments of Main-Sequence Stars
We explore the biological damage initiated in the environments of F, G, K, and M-type main-sequence stars due to photospheric, chromospheric and flare radiation. The amount of chromospheric radiation is, in a statistical sense, directly coupled to the stellar age as well as the presence of significant stellar magnetic fields and dynamo activity. With respect to photospheric radiation, we also consider detailed synthetic models, taking into account millions or hundred of millions of lines for atoms and molecules. Chromospheric UV radiation is increased in young stars in regard to all stellar spectral types. Flare activity is most pronounced in K and M-type stars, which also has the potential of stripping the planetary atmospheres of close-in planets, including planets located in the stellar habitable zone. For our studies, we take DNA as a proxy for carbon-based macromolecules, guided by the paradigm that carbon might constitute the biochemical centerpiece of extraterrestrial life forms. Planetary atmospheric ...
Cuntz, M; Kurucz, R L
Performance Optimization of a Fan System- Overcoming Impacts of Modified Design Criteria Due to Regulatory Requirements and Changed Operating Conditions
The Louisiana Pacific mill in Tomahawk Wisconsin manufactures oriented-strand board. Several large induced-draft fans and combustion-air blowers were operating inefficiently at this mill. This case study highlights a systems approach that was applied to address fan inefficiency. Energy savings from optimizing the system are estimated to be 338 kW, nearly half of the original measured input power of 678 kW. The project is currently being implemented and will have a payback period of less than 8 months. The opportunities here are typical of opportunities thought to exist in most industrial plants. In this case, process needs changed due to environmental regulations and change of location, but the system did not, leading to low overall system efficiency.
Wroblewski, R. G.; Preis, F.; Smith, R.
Microsoft Word - Lab call doc TEMPLATE ver 11.3 _may 3rd due date_.docx
RESEARCH CALL TO DOE/FEDERAL LABORATORIES RESEARCH CALL TO DOE/FEDERAL LABORATORIES Technical Support for Interconnection-Level Electric Infrastructure Planning RC-BM-2010 CONTACT: Brian Mollohan, Project Manager TELEPHONE NUMBER: (304) 285-1367 FAX NUMBER: (304) 285-4403 E-MAIL: email@example.com ISSUING OFFICE: U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY National Energy Technology Laboratory 3610 Collins Ferry Road, P. O. Box 880 Morgantown, WV 26507-0880 ISSUE DATE: April 1, 2010 DUE DATE: May 3, 2010 This Research Call uses funding from "The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009" and will be subject to special reporting requirements. The reporting requirements and other details will be provided later. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION I - GENERAL INFORMATION
Torsional Torques and Fatigue Life Expenditure for Large-Scale Steam Turbine-Generator Shafts and Blades Due to Power System Harmonics.
??During the three decades, the torsional impact on turbine-generator sets due to power system disturbances has been extensively discussed in many research works. However, most� (more)
Tsai, Jong-ian
run 873 - 7 September 1977, Rings 1 and 2 - 26 GeV, Orbit distortions due to sextupole fields with the low-beta insertion
Gourber, J P
Run 888 - 28 October 1977, Rings 1 and 2 - GeV, Orbit distortion due to sextupole fields with the low-beta insertion - part 2
Brand, K
Parametric examination of the destruction of availability due to combustion for a range of conditions and fuels
A comprehensive second law analysis of combustion for a range of conditions and fuels was completed. Constant pressure, constant volume and constant temperature combustion processes were examined. The parameters studied were reactant temperature, reactant pressure, equivalence ratio and the fuels themselves. In addition, the contribution and relative significance of the various components (thermo-mechanical, reactive and diffusion) to the mixture availability was examined. Also, the effect of reactant mixture dissociation was incorporated into the combustion analysis. It was found that for similar initial conditions, constant pressure combustion and constant volume combustion exhibited similar trends. For constant temperature combustion, the trend is significantly different from the constant pressure and constant volume combustion, with almost the entire reactant availability being destroyed due to combustion at lower temperatures. Amongst the parameters examined, reactant mixture temperature had the most significant effect on the fraction of availability destroyed during combustion. The percentage availability destroyed reduced from 25 to 30% at 300 K to about 5% at 6000 K for constant pressure and constant volume combustion processes. The effect of the reactant mixture pressure on the fraction of availability destroyed was more modest. The values for the percentage availability destroyed for pressures ranging from 50 kPa to 5000 kPa were found to lie within a range of 5%. The effect of equivalence ratio on the fraction of reactant mixture availability destroyed was also documented. In general, it was found that the destruction of availability decreased with increasing equivalence ratios. This value, however, accounts for the availability due to fuel like species in the product mixture. Therefore, for practical applications, combustion of the stoichiometric mixture would be preferred over the rich equivalence ratios. It was found that the fraction of reactant availability destroyed increased with increasing complexity of the fuel??s molecular structure. In addition, it was shown that the diffusion availability terms is small and may be neglected, while the reactive availability and thermo-mechanical availability are more significant.
Chavannavar, Praveen Shivshankar
Greenhouse impact due to the use of combustible fuels: Life cycle viewpoint and relative radiative forcing commitment
Extensive information on the greenhouse impacts of various human actions is important in developing effective climate change mitigation strategies. The greenhouse impacts of combustible fuels consist not only of combustion emissions but also of emissions from the fuel production chain and possible effects on the ecosystem carbon storages. It is important to be able to assess the combined, total effect of these different emissions and to express the results in a comprehensive way. In this study, a new concept called relative radiative forcing commitment (RRFC) is presented and applied to depict the greenhouse impact of some combustible fuels currently used in Finland. RRFC is a ratio that accounts for the energy absorbed in the Earth system due to changes in greenhouse gas concentrations (production and combustion of fuel) compared to the energy released in the combustion of fuel. RRFC can also be expressed as a function of time in order to give a dynamic cumulative picture on the caused effect. Varying time horizons can be studied separately, as is the case when studying the effects of different climate policies on varying time scales. The RRFC for coal for 100 years is about 170, which means that in 100 years 170 times more energy is absorbed in the atmosphere due to the emissions of coal combustion activity than is released in combustion itself. RRFC values of the other studied fuel production chains varied from about 30 (forest residues fuel) to 190 (peat fuel) for the 100-year study period. The length of the studied time horizon had an impact on the RRFC values and, to some extent, on the relative positions of various fuels.
Kirkinen, J.; Palosuo, T.; Holmgren, K.; Savolainen, I. [VTT Technical Research Center Finland, Espoo (Finland)
When I began this project in 1998, I sought to challenge conventional narratives of "the nuclear age" as a technological and a geopolitical rupture.
the atom promulgated a new world order that replaced imperialism with "the bomb." But it was clear woven into the fabric of the nuclear age. Congolese uranium powered the Hiroshima bomb. Uranium of atomic test sites makes the point: Bikini Atoll, Semipalatinsk, Australian Aboriginal lands, the Sahara
Organological geopolitics and the Balaban of Azerbaijan: comparative musical dialogues concerning a double-reed aerophone of the post-Soviet Caucasus.
??This dissertation is about the power of sound, how sound influences and is influenced by emotion, how emotion influences national politics, and how those politics� (more)
Kipp, Natasha
Robust performance evaluation represents one of the most challenging aspects of groundwater pump-and-treat (P&T) remedy implementation. In most cases, the primary goal of the P&T system is hydraulic containment, and ultimately recovery, of contaminants to protect downgradient receptors. Estimating the extent of hydraulic containment is particularly challenging under changing flow patterns due to variable pumping, boundaries and/or other conditions. We present a systematic approach to estimate hydraulic containment using multiple lines of evidence based on (a) water-level mapping and (b) groundwater modeling. Capture Frequency Maps (CFMs) are developed by particle tracking on water-level maps developed for each available water level data set using universal kriging. In a similar manner, Capture Efficiency Maps (CEMs) are developed by particle tracking on water-levels calculated using a transient groundwater flow model: tracking is undertaken independently for each stress period using a very low effective porosity, depicting the 'instantaneous' fate of each particle each stress period. Although conceptually similar, the two methods differ in their underlying assumptions and their limitations: their use together identifies areas where containment may be reliable (i.e., where the methods are in agreement) and where containment is uncertain (typically, where the methods disagree). A field-scale example is presented to illustrate these concepts.
The uncertainties due to quark energy loss on determining nuclear sea quark distribution from nuclear Drell-Yan data
By means of two different parametrizations of quark energy loss and the nuclear parton distributions determined only with lepton-nuclear deep inelastic scattering experimental data, a leading order phenomenological analysis is performed on the nuclear Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios as a function of the quark momentum fraction in the beam proton and target nuclei for E772 experimental data. It is shown that there is the quark energy loss effect in nuclear Drell-Yan process apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering. The uncertainties due to quark energy loss effect is quantified on determining nuclear sea quark distribution by using nuclear Drell-Yan data. It is found that the quark energy loss effect on nuclear Drell-Yan cross section ratios make greater with the increase of quark momentum fraction in the target nuclei. The uncertainties from quark energy loss become bigger as the nucleus A come to be heavier. The Drell-Yan data on proton incident mi...
Duan, C G; Li, G L
By means of two different parametrizations of quark energy loss and the nuclear parton distributions determined only with lepton-nuclear deep inelastic scattering experimental data, a leading order phenomenological analysis is performed on the nuclear Drell-Yan differential cross section ratios as a function of the quark momentum fraction in the beam proton and target nuclei for E772 experimental data. It is shown that there is the quark energy loss effect in nuclear Drell-Yan process apart from the nuclear effects on the parton distribution as in deep inelastic scattering. The uncertainties due to quark energy loss effect is quantified on determining nuclear sea quark distribution by using nuclear Drell-Yan data. It is found that the quark energy loss effect on nuclear Drell-Yan cross section ratios make greater with the increase of quark momentum fraction in the target nuclei. The uncertainties from quark energy loss become bigger as the nucleus A come to be heavier. The Drell-Yan data on proton incident middle and heavy nuclei versus deuterium would result in an overestimate for nuclear modifications on sea quark distribution functions with neglecting the quark energy loss. Our results are hoped to provide good directional information on the magnitude and form of nuclear modifications on sea quark distribution functions by means of the nuclear Drell-Yan experimental data.
C. G. Duan; N. Liu; G. L. Li
Enhanced electro-magnetic energy transfer between a hot and cold body at close spacing due to evanescent fields
Theoretical studies have demonstrated that the energy transfer between a hot and cold body at close spacing (on the order of the radiation wavelength) can greatly exceed the limit for black body radiation (ie, Power = {sigma}T{sup 4}). This effect, due to the coupling of evanescent fields, presents an attractive option for thermo-photovoltaic (TPV) applications (assuming the considerable technical challenges can be overcome). The magnitude of the enhanced energy transfer depends on the optical properties of the hot and cold bodies as characterized by the dielectric functions of the respective materials. The present study considers five different situations as specified by the materials choices for the hot/cold sides: metal/metal, metal/insulator, metal/semiconductor, insulator/insulator, and semiconductor/semiconductor. For each situation, the dielectric functions are specified by typical models. An increase in energy transfer (relative to the black body law) is found for all situations considered, for separations less than one micron, assuming a temperature difference of 1,000 C. The metal/metal situation has the highest increase vs. separation while the semiconductor/semiconductor has the lowest. Factor-of-ten increases are obtained at roughly 0.1 microns for the metal/metal and roughly 0.02 microns for the metal/semiconductor. These studies are helping to increase the understanding of the close-spaced effect in the context of a radiator/TPV context.
Raynolds, J.E. [Lockheed Martin Corp., Schenectady, NY (United States)
Explicit formulas for 2nd-order driving terms due to sextupoles and chromatic effects of quadrupoles.
Optimization of nonlinear driving terms have become a useful tool for designing storage rings, especially modern light sources where the strong nonlinearity is dominated by the large chromatic effects of quadrupoles and strong sextupoles for chromaticity control. The Lie algebraic method is well known for computing such driving terms. However, it appears that there was a lack of explicit formulas in the public domain for such computation, resulting in uncertainty and/or inconsistency in widely used codes. This note presents explicit formulas for driving terms due to sextupoles and chromatic effects of quadrupoles, which can be considered as thin elements. The computation is accurate to the 4th-order Hamiltonian and 2nd-order in terms of magnet parameters. The results given here are the same as the APS internal note AOP-TN-2009-020. This internal nte has been revised and published here as a Light Source Note in order to get this information into the public domain, since both ELEGANT and OPA are using these formulas.
Wang, C-X. (Accelerator Systems Division (APS))
Level set simulation of coupled advection-diffusion and pore structure evolution due to mineral precipitation in porous media
The nonlinear coupling of fluid flow, reactive chemical transport and pore structure changes due to mineral precipitation (or dissolution) in porous media play a key role in a wide variety of processes of scientific interest and practical importance. Significant examples include the evolution of fracture apertures in the subsurface, acid fracturing stimulation for enhanced oil recovery and immobilizations of radionuclides and heavy metals in contaminated groundwater. We have developed a pore-scale simulation technique for modeling coupled reactive flow and structure evolution in porous media and fracture apertures. Advection, diffusion, and mineral precipitation resulting in changes in pore geometries are treated simultaneously by solving fully coupled fluid momentum and reactive solute transport equations. In this model, the reaction-induced evolution of solid grain surfaces is captured using a level set method. A sub-grid representation of the interface, based on the level set approach, is used instead of pixel representations of the interface often used in cellular-automata and most lattice-Boltzmann methods. The model is validated against analytical solutions for simplified geometries. Precipitation processes were simulated under various flow conditions and reaction rates, and the resulting pore geometry changes are discussed. Quantitative relationships between permeability and porosity under various flow conditions and reaction rates are reported.
Xiaoyi Li; Hai Huang; Paul Meakin
should not be part of Azerbaijan not because Artsakh (theproject, but because Azerbaijan allegedly mistreats itsland is now in Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Armenia, but even
Managing conflict across generations in the workplace
The current American workplace is made up of members of four distinct generations: "Veterans" (born between 1922-1943), "Boomers" (born between 1943-1960), "Generation X" (born between 1960 - 1980), and "Generation Y" (born ...
V�zquez, Ernesto (V�zquez-S�enez)
Minimal Spanning Trees with Conflict Graphs
(i.e. edges of G which can be combined with every other edge in the minimum spanning tree solution). MSTCG ..... cycle [Sch03]. More formally, I1 is the set of all�...
Policy Governing Investigator and Institutional Conflicts of...
salary (e.g., consulting fees, honoraria, paid authorship); equity interest includes any stock, stock option, or other ownership interest, as determined through reference to...
Population Growth, Carrying Capacity, and Conflict
work is multiagent simulation; �agent-based models supportmodel-centred social science that rests on strongly legitimated connectionist, autonomous, het- erogeneous agent-based
Read, Dwight W; LeBlanc, Steven
Racial conflict and the malignancy of identity
women, since they have to share living space (there will, for one, be no reason to ...... Andreoni, J. and Samuelson, L.: Building rational cooperation, (mimeo),�...
Decision insight into stakeholder conflict for ERN.
Participatory modeling has become an important tool in facilitating resource decision making and dispute resolution. Approaches to modeling that are commonly used in this context often do not adequately account for important human factors. Current techniques provide insights into how certain human activities and variables affect resource outcomes; however, they do not directly simulate the complex variables that shape how, why, and under what conditions different human agents behave in ways that affect resources and human interactions related to them. Current approaches also do not adequately reveal how the effects of individual decisions scale up to have systemic level effects in complex resource systems. This lack of integration prevents the development of more robust models to support decision making and dispute resolution processes. Development of integrated tools is further hampered by the fact that collection of primary data for decision-making modeling is costly and time consuming. This project seeks to develop a new approach to resource modeling that incorporates both technical and behavioral modeling techniques into a single decision-making architecture. The modeling platform is enhanced by use of traditional and advanced processes and tools for expedited data capture. Specific objectives of the project are: (1) Develop a proof of concept for a new technical approach to resource modeling that combines the computational techniques of system dynamics and agent based modeling, (2) Develop an iterative, participatory modeling process supported with traditional and advance data capture techniques that may be utilized to facilitate decision making, dispute resolution, and collaborative learning processes, and (3) Examine potential applications of this technology and process. The development of this decision support architecture included both the engineering of the technology and the development of a participatory method to build and apply the technology. Stakeholder interaction with the model and associated data capture was facilitated through two very different modes of engagement, one a standard interface involving radio buttons, slider bars, graphs and plots, while the other utilized an immersive serious gaming interface. The decision support architecture developed through this project was piloted in the Middle Rio Grande Basin to examine how these tools might be utilized to promote enhanced understanding and decision-making in the context of complex water resource management issues. Potential applications of this architecture and its capacity to lead to enhanced understanding and decision-making was assessed through qualitative interviews with study participants who represented key stakeholders in the basin.
Siirola, John; Tidwell, Vincent Carroll; Benz, Zachary O.; Stansbury, Melanie; Richards, Elizabeth H.; Turnley, Jessica Glicken (Galisteo Consulting); Warrender, Christina E.; Morrow, James Dan
Forest, People's Participation and Conflicts in Nepal
. The Terai (plains) in the south, the central mountain and the hills and the high Himalayan in the north divide the country into three main ecological zones. Each ecological zone differs in geology. climate and hydrological characters. The Himalayas region... . There are 5 regional centres, 14 zones, 75 districts and about 4000 Village Development Committees (VDCs) which play vital role as administrative and political units. The mountain region ranges from 5000 meters to 8000 meters in altitude which constitutes...
Regmi, Rishikeshab Raj
Work-Family Conflict and Retirement Preferences
and Variable Descriptions: 1992 Wisconsin Longitudinal StudyStatus in Ten Years: 1992 Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (n =Sweeney 2 1: University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of
Raymo, James M.; Sweeney, Megan M
The Knapsack Problem with Conflict Graphs
University of Graz, Department of Statistics and Operations Research, Universi- taetsstr. ... [13]) and does not permit pseudo-polynomial algorithms (under P = NP
The Miscoding Potential of 5-Hydroxycytosine Arises Due to Template Instability in the Replicative Polymerase Active Site
5-Hydroxycytosine (5-OHC) is a stable oxidation product of cytosine associated with an increased frequency of C {yields} T transition mutations. When this lesion escapes recognition by the base excision repair pathway and persists to serve as a templating base during DNA synthesis, replicative DNA polymerases often misincorporate dAMP at the primer terminus, which can lead to fixation of mutations and subsequent disease. To characterize the dynamics of DNA synthesis opposite 5-OHC, we initiated a comparison of unmodified dCMP to 5-OHC, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC), and 5-methylcytosine (5-MEC) in which these bases act as templates in the active site of RB69 gp43, a high-fidelity DNA polymerase sharing homology with human replicative DNA polymerases. This study presents the first crystal structure of any DNA polymerase binding this physiologically important premutagenic DNA lesion, showing that while dGMP is stabilized by 5-OHC through normal Watson-Crick base pairing, incorporation of dAMP leads to unstacking and instability in the template. Furthermore, the electronegativity of the C5 substituent appears to be important in the miscoding potential of these cytosine-like templates. While dAMP is incorporated opposite 5-OHC {approx}5 times more efficiently than opposite unmodified dCMP, an elevated level of incorporation is also observed opposite 5-FC but not 5-MEC. Taken together, these data imply that the nonuniform templating by 5-OHC is due to weakened stacking capabilities, which allows dAMP incorporation to proceed in a manner similar to that observed opposite abasic sites.
Zahn, Karl E.; Averill, April; Wallace, Susan S.; Doubli�, Sylvie (Vermont)
Dosimetric perturbations due to an implanted cardiac pacemaker in MammoSite{sup Registered-Sign} treatment
Purpose: To investigate dose perturbations for pacemaker-implanted patients in partial breast irradiation using high dose rate (HDR) balloon brachytherapy. Methods: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were performed to calculate dose distributions involving a pacemaker in Ir-192 HDR balloon brachytherapy. Dose perturbations by varying balloon-to-pacemaker distances (BPD = 50 or 100 mm) and concentrations of iodine contrast medium (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% by volume) in the balloon were investigated for separate parts of the pacemaker (i.e., battery and substrate). Relative measurements using an ion-chamber were also performed to confirm MC results. Results: The MC and measured results in homogeneous media without a pacemaker agreed with published data within 2% from the balloon surface to 100 mm BPD. Further their dose distributions with a pacemaker were in a comparable agreement. The MC results showed that doses over the battery were increased by a factor of 3, compared to doses without a pacemaker. However, there was no significant dose perturbation in the middle of substrate but up to 70% dose increase in the substrate interface with the titanium capsule. The attenuation by iodine contrast medium lessened doses delivered to the pacemaker by up to 9%. Conclusions: Due to inhomogeneity of pacemaker and contrast medium as well as low-energy photons in Ir-192 HDR balloon brachytherapy, the actual dose received in a pacemaker is different from the homogeneous medium-based dose and the external beam-based dose. Therefore, the dose perturbations should be considered for pacemaker-implanted patients when evaluating a safe clinical distance between the balloon and pacemaker.
Sung, Wonmo; Kim, Siyong; Kim, Jung-in; Lee, Jae-gi; Shin, Young-Joo; Jung, Jae-Yong; Ye, Sung-Joon [Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea and Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-744 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida 32224 (United States); Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, South Korea and Department of Radiation Oncology, Kangbuk Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 110-746 (Korea, Republic of); Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-744, South Korea and Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Radiation Oncology, Sanggye Paik Hospital, Inje University, Seoul 139-707 (Korea, Republic of); Interdisciplinary Program in Radiation Applied Life Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799 (Korea, Republic of); Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-744 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Biomedical Radiation Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742 (Korea, Republic of); Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-799 (Korea, Republic of) and Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 443-270 (Korea, Republic of)
Relationship between the gamma-ray burst pulse width and energy due to the Doppler effect of fireballs
We study in details how the pulse width of gamma-ray bursts is related with energy under the assumption that the sources concerned are in the stage of fireballs. Due to the Doppler effect of fireballs, there exists a power law relationship between the two quantities within a limited range of frequency. The power law range and the power law index depend strongly on the observed peak energy $E_p$ as well as the rest frame radiation form, and the upper and lower limits of the power law range can be determined by $E_p$. It is found that, within the same power law range, the ratio of the $FWHM$ of the rising portion to that of the decaying phase of the pulses is also related with energy in the form of power laws. A platform-power-law-platform feature could be observed in the two relationships. In the case of an obvious softening of the rest frame spectrum, the two power law relationships also exist, but the feature would evolve to a peaked one. Predictions on the relationships in the energy range covering both the BATSE and Swift bands for a typical hard burst and a typical soft one are made. A sample of FRED (fast rise and exponential decay) pulse bursts shows that 27 out of the 28 sources belong to either the platform-power-law-platform feature class or the peaked feature group, suggesting that the effect concerned is indeed important for most of the sources of the sample. Among these bursts, many might undergo an obvious softening evolution of the rest frame spectrum.
Y. -P. Qin; Y. -M. Dong; R. -J. Lu; B. -B. Zhang; L. -W. Jia
In-situ decommissioning of Reactors P- and R- at the Savannah River Site will require filling the reactor vessels with a special concrete based on materials such as magnesium phosphate, calcium aluminate or silica fume. Then the reactor vessels will be overlain with an 8 ft. thick layer of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) steel reinforced concrete, called the 'Cap Concrete'. The integrity of this protective layer must be assured to last for a sufficiently long period of time to avoid ingress of water into the reactor vessel and possible movement of radioactive contamination into the environment. During drying of this Cap Concrete however, shrinkage strains are set up in the concrete as a result of diffusion and evaporation of water from the top surface. This shrinkage varies with depth in the poured slab due to a non-uniform moisture distribution. This differential shrinkage results in restraint of the upper layers with larger shrinkage by lower layers with lesser displacements. Tensile stresses can develop at the surface from the strain gradients in the bulk slab, which can lead to surface cracking. Further, a mechanism called creep occurs during the curing period or early age produces strains under the action of restraining forces. To investigate the potential for surface cracking, an experimental and analytical program was started under TTQAP SRNL-RP-2009-01184. Slab sections made of Cap Concrete mixture were instrumented with embedded strain gages and relative humidity sensors and tested under controlled environmental conditions of 23 C and relative humidities (RH) of 40% and 80% over a period of 50 days. Calculation methods were also developed for predictions of stress development in the full-scale concrete placement over the reactor vessels. These methods were evaluated by simulating conditions for the test specimens and the calculation results compared to the experimental data. A closely similar test with strain gages was performed by Kim and Lee for a concrete mixture that did not employ humidity sensors and the admixtures used in this program. Yuan and Wan tried to predict the shrinkage strains and stresses in the Kim and Lee experiment, but did not include a creep analysis. Grasley and Lange conducted full restraint load tests on a concrete prism instrumented with humidity sensors over a 7 day curing period. The hypothetical case of full-scale placement of the Cap Concrete was also analyzed using the developed analytical methods. The calculation performed in this report is for scoping purposes only.
Guerrero, H.; Restivo, M.
Changes in Delta-Plutonium Due to Aging as Observed by Continuous in-situ X-ray Scattering
The aging in plutonium is predominantly caused by its internal self irradiation. The self-irradiation in Pu-239 is by the decay process of transmuting the Pu atom into uranium atom and emitting an {alpha}-particle. Most of the lattice damage comes from the uranium recoil resulting in Frenkel type defects consisting of vacancies and self-interstitial atoms, helium in growth and defect clusters and possibly even though it is not yet observed, the generation of voids. As part of the stockpile stewardship, it is important to understand the changes in the structure and microstructures and their correlations to the physical properties. Changes in the physical properties has direct relationship to the quality of the structure, in terms of formation of defects and defect clustering, accumulation of voids, grain boundaries, phase changes and etc. which can adversely affects the stability of the material. These changes are very difficult to monitor because of the high activity of the sample, high atomic number making x-ray and synchrotron probe into the bulk very difficult (neutron probe is not feasible) and the long life time which normally requires decades to measure. In this paper we describe the development of an in-situ in-house transmission X-ray diffraction (XRD) experimental technique used to monitor the structural changes in these materials. This technique calls for a very thin sample of less that 2 {mu}m and to accelerate the aging process due to self-irradiation, spiked alloy of 7.5 weight percent of Pu-238 is used. This is equivalent to roughly 17 times the normal rate of aging. Current results suggest that over a period of 2.8 equivalent years, an increase of 0.5% in unit cell parameter is observed. The increase appears to be an abrupt jump at about 1.1 equivalent years, brought about by the collapsing of the atoms from the interstitials to the lattice sites. Further data analysis is on the way. (authors)
Saw, Cheng K.; Wall, Mark A.; Chung, Brandon W. [MSTD-CMS, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California (United States)
Fatty Acids in Health Promotion and Disease CausationChapter 9 Gender Differences in Gene Expression Due to Fatty Acids: Role in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease
Fatty Acids in Health Promotion and Disease Causation Chapter 9 Gender Differences in Gene Expression Due to Fatty Acids: Role in Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Bio
Comparison of PMP-driven Probable Maximum Floods with Flood Magnitudes due to Increasingly Urbanized Catchment: The Case of American River Watershed
Since historical (pre-dam) data is traditionally the sole criterion for dam design, future (post-dam) meteorological and hydrological variability due to land use land cover change cannot be considered for assessing design robustness. For example, ...
Wondmagegn Yigzaw; Faisal Hossain; Alfred Kalyanapu
Suppression of electric and magnetic fluctuations and improvement of confinement due to current profile modification by biased electrode in Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics tokamak
Improvement of plasma confinement is achieved in normal q{sub a} discharges of SINP-tokamak by introducing a biased electrode inside the last closed flux surface. All the important features of high confinement mode are observed biasing the electrode negatively with respect to the vacuum vessel. Arrays of electric and magnetic probes introduced in the edge plasma region reveal suppression of electric and magnetic fluctuations over distinct frequency ranges as well as modification of the toroidal current profile due to biasing. Further analysis identifies the electrostatic fluctuations to be due to drift mode and the magnetic fluctuations may be of slow compressional Alfven waves. Both get suppressed due to current profile modification during biasing, hence leading to the improvement of plasma confinement.
Basu, Debjyoti; Pal, Rabindranath [Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, 1/AF-Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064 (India); Ghosh, Joydeep; Chattopadhyay, Prabal K. [Institute for Plasma Research, Bhat, Gandhinagar 382428 (India)
Materials Reliability Program: Safety Evaluation for Boric Acid Wastage of PWR Reactor Vessel Bottom Heads Due to Bottom-Mounted Noz zle Leakage (MRP-167)
This safety assessment addresses one of the potential safety issues associated with aging degradation of reactor vessel bottom head penetrations: bottom mounted nozzles (BMNs). Specifically, this report evaluates the concern that BMN leakage due to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) of the Alloy 600 nozzle and/or Alloy 82/182 J-groove attachment weld could lead to significant wastage of the low-alloy steel head shell material due to concentration of the boric acid present in the leaking prim...
A charged particle transport analysis of the dose to a silicon-germanium thermoelectric element due to a solar flare event
A version of the BRYNTRN baryon transport code written at the NASA Langley Research Center has been used to analyze the dose to a typical space reactor thermoelectric (TE) element due to a solar flare event. The code has been used in the past to calculate the dose/dose equivalent distributions to astronauts due to solar flares. It has been modified to accommodate multiple layers of spacecraft and component material. Differential and integrated doses to the TE element are presented and discussed. 5 refs.
Dandini, V.J.
Chemical Inventories Are Due March 15, 2011 In order to meet regulatory requirements the University must conduct a periodic inventory of
Chemical Inventories Are Due March 15, 2011 In order to meet regulatory requirements the University must conduct a periodic inventory of chemicals on campus. In support of this effort, labs must submit a chemical inventory by Tuesday, March 15, 2011. Campus point of contact to submit inventories
Tennessee, University of
Chemical Inventories Are Due March 1, 2013 In order to meet regulatory requirements the University must conduct a periodic inventory of
Chemical Inventories Are Due March 1, 2013 In order to meet regulatory requirements the University must conduct a periodic inventory of chemicals on campus. In support of this effort departments with chemicals must submit a inventory by Thursday, March 1, 2013. Campus point of contact to submit inventories
Chemical Inventories Are Due March 1, 2012 In order to meet regulatory requirements the University must conduct a periodic inventory of
Chemical Inventories Are Due March 1, 2012 In order to meet regulatory requirements the University must conduct a periodic inventory of chemicals on campus. In support of this effort departments with chemicals must submit a inventory by Thursday, March 1, 2012. Campus point of contact to submit inventories
The development of a GIS methodology to assess the potential for water resource contamination due to new development in the 2012 Olympic Park site, London
The Initial Screening Tool (IST) has been developed to enable Planners to assess the potential risk to ground and surface water due to remobilisation of contaminants by new developments. The IST is a custom built GIS application that improves upon previous ... Keywords: Contaminated land, GIS, Ground water, Part IIa of the Environmental Protection Act (1990), Screening tool, Surface water
A. P. Marchant; V. J. Banks; K. R. Royse; S. P. Quigley
Shellfish consumption and intertidal occupancy review, Sellafield, 2004. This note describes a review of public radiation exposure pathways due to liquid radioactive
a review of public radiation exposure pathways due to liquid radioactive waste discharges from the British limited to adults. The results are shown in Tables 1 to 3. Data analysis Internal exposure In addition and external exposure pathways have also been conducted by the Centre for Environment, Fisheries
Effects of Regional Warming due to Urbanization on Daytime Local Circulations in a Complex Basin of the Daegu Metropolitan Area, Korea
Numerical and observational analyses were conducted using realistic and historical three-set land-use data over 40 yr from 1963 to 2002 to evaluate regional warming in the Daegu metropolitan area due to dramatic land-use alterations in the basin ...
Soon-Hwan Lee; Hae-Dong Kim
Simultaneous Measurement of Condensation and Thermal Accommodation Coefficients for Cloud Droplet Growth in Due Consideration of a New Moving Surface-Boundary Effect
A droplet growth theory that describes a new effect of vapor and temperature field shift due to the growth-based movement of droplet surface boundary (moving boundary effect) was derived and found to enhance the growth rate as a function of ...
Norihiko Fukuta; Marcus N. Myers
IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technologies, Washington D.C., May 16-19, 2010 Abstract--Interest in recycling has surged in recent years due
-stage separation systems. The problem of estimating the performance and designing multi-stage separation processes-19, 2010 Abstract--Interest in recycling has surged in recent years due to shifting material costs and Electronic Equipment). One common approach to increasing system separation performance is the use of multi
Gutowski, Timothy
PSI # Date Time Location Incident Description Disposition 4280 7/1/2011 12:02 Kentucky Hall Fire Alarm Activation Activation due to burnt food BFD responded
Theatre Theft Copper Wiring Sheriff responded 4293 7/14/2011 16:59 Campus Vehicle Immobilized Unpaid Alarm Activation Activation due to burnt food BFD responded 4281 7/2/2011 9:30 James Hall Theft Glade Property Damage Hand rail FM notified 4285 7/6/2011 10:10 Draper Building Theft Sony DVD
Baltisberger, Jay H.
Preprint (December 8, 2012), to be published in the Eur. Phys. J. D. Multiple echoes due to distant dipolar fields in NMR of hyperpolarized
in solid 3 He, numerous experiments exploring the effects of distant dipolar fields in liquids have been rePreprint (December 8, 2012), to be published in the Eur. Phys. J. D. Multiple echoes due to distant temperatures as low as 10 mK for 129 Xe or 10 µK for 3 He, and the echoes originate from the distant dipolar
Preprint (January 20, 2013), to be published in the Eur. Phys. J. D. Multiple echoes due to distant dipolar fields in NMR of hyperpolarized
in solid 3 He, numerous experiments exploring the effects of distant dipolar fields in liquids have been rePreprint (January 20, 2013), to be published in the Eur. Phys. J. D. Multiple echoes due to distant temperatures as low as 10 mK for 129 Xe or 10 µK for 3 He, and the echoes originate from the distant dipolar
Characterization of acoustic signals due to surface discharges on H.V. glass insulators using wavelet radial basis function neural networks
A hybrid model incorporating wavelet and radial basis function neural network is presented which is used to detect, identify and characterize the acoustic signals due to surface discharge activity and hence differentiate abnormal operating conditions ... Keywords: Acoustic signal, Dry bands, Glass insulator, RBF-NN, Surface discharge, Wavelet transform
Nasir A. Al-geelani; M. Afendi M. Piah; Redhwan Q. Shaddad
Two-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis of well damage due to reservoir compaction, well-to-well interactions, and localization on weak layers
In this paper the authors present the results of a coupled nonlinear finite element geomechanics model for reservoir compaction and well-to-well interactions for the high-porosity, low strength diatomite reservoirs of the Belridge field near Bakersfield, California. They show that well damage and failures can occur under the action of two distinct mechanisms: shear deformations induced by pore compaction, and subsidence, and shear deformations due to well-to-well interactions during production or water injection. They show such casting damage or failure can be localized to weak layers that slide or slip under shear due to subsidence. The magnitude of shear displacements and surface subsidence agree with field observations.
Hilbert, L.B. Jr. [Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States); Fredrich, J.T. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Bruno, M.S. [Terralog Technologies USA, Inc., Arcadia, CA (United States); Deitrick, G.L.; Rouffignac, E.P. de [Shell Exploration and Production Co., Houston, TX (United States)
Vulnerability due to Nocturnal Tornadoes
This study investigates the human vulnerability caused by tornadoes that occurred between sunset and sunrise from 1880 to 2007. Nocturnal tornadoes are theorized to enhance vulnerability because they are difficult to spot and occur when the ...
Walker S. Ashley; Andrew J. Krmenec; Rick Schwantes
Cancer Due to Prolonged Inflammation
Development. Molecular Cancer Research 4.221 (2006): 5-261.direction of future cancer research is to better understand
Lingampalli, Nithya
Investigation of diesel-fuel fire vulnerability parameters in armored personnel carriers due to ballistic penetration. Interim report, March 1984-March 1985
A series of full-scale ballistics tests were conducted to evaluate the diesel fuel fire vulnerability parameters in armored personnel carriers due to penetration by 90-mm HEAT rounds. The tests considered fuel cell penetration through 1.5-inch aluminum armor with the four variables: fuel temperature, fuel antimisting additive concentration, air availability, and Halon 1301 fire-suppression system. The test results are summarized.
Kanakia, M.D.; Wright, B.R.
Incorporation of the effect of the composite electric fields of molecular ions as a simulation tool for biological damage due to heavy-ion irradiation
This paper presents a theoretical study of the DNA damage due to the effect of the composite electric fields of H{sub 2}O{sup +} ions produced from the irradiation of a heavy ion onto a cell. A model for atomic and molecular processes in strong electric fields is developed. It is found that the composite electric fields increase the number of events of electron-impact ionization processes. This may promote DNA damage.
Moribayashi, Kengo [Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7 Umemidai, Kizugawa-City, Kyoto 619-0215 (Japan) and Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, Kyoto 610-0394 (Japan)
Ground subsidence due to mining operations. October 1976-November 1989 (Citations from the COMPENDEX data base). Report for October 1976-November 1989
This bibliography contains citations concerning ground subsidence associated with mining operations. Mine subsidence is discussed with reference to mathematical modeling, forecasting extent of cavitation, and rock mechanics and mechanisms of stress relaxation. Damage to above- and below-ground structures as well as agricultural areas, and mining techniques designed to prevent or reduce subsidence are included. Monitoring of subsidence and detection of cavitation for surface, underground, and ocean-floor mining areas are discussed and examples are analyzed. Subsidence due to aquifer water removal is referenced in a related published bibliography. (Contains 213 citations fully indexed and including a title list.)
Electrical current suppression in Pd-doped vanadium pentoxide nanowires caused by reduction in PdO due to hydrogen exposure
Pd nanoparticle-doped vanadium pentoxide nanowires (Pd-VONs) were synthesized. Electrical current suppression was observed when the Pd-VON was exposed to hydrogen gas, which cannot be explained by the work function changes mentioned in previous report such as Pd-doped carbon nanotubes and SnO{sub 2} nanowires. Using the x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we found that the reduction in PdO due to hydrogen exposure plays an important role in the current suppression of the Pd-VON.
Kim, Byung Hoon; Oh, Soon-Young; Yu, Han Young; Yun, Yong Ju; Kim, Yark Yeon; Hong, Won G. [Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon 305-700 (Korea, Republic of); Jeong, Hu Young; Lee, Jeong Yong [Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701 (Korea, Republic of); Kim, Hae Jin [Korea Basic Science Institute, Daejeon 305-333 (Korea, Republic of)
Observation of lines above 2000 A in O VIII and C VI in the Princeton Large Torus due to charge-exchange processes: Diagnostic applications
Hydrogenlike oxygen and carbon lines from transitions (..delta..n = 1) between levels of high principal quantum number n, with wavelengths above 2000 A have been observed. Observations of such transitions were possible due to charge-exchange processes during neutral beam injection of hydrogen atoms into the Princeton Large Torus tokamak. The lines are O VIII 2976 A (8--7 transitions), C VI 3434 A (7--6), and C VI 5291 A (8--7). Application of these lines for ion temperature measurements and initial observations of neutral beam vertical distributions in the plasma are presented.
Suckewer, S.; Skinner, C.H.; Stratton, B.; Bell, R.; Cavallo, A.; Hosea, J.; Hwang, D.; Schilling, G.
A method for determining an indicator of effective dose calculation due to inhalation of Radon and its progeny from in vivo measurements
Direct measurement of the absolved dose to lung tissue from inhalation of radon and its progeny is not possible and must be calculated using dosimetric models, taking into consideration the several parameters upon which the dose calculation depends. To asses the dose due to inhalation of radon and its progeny, it is necessary to estimate the cumulative exposure. Historically, this has been done using WLM values estimated with measurements of radon concentration in air. The radon concentration in air varies significantly, however, in space with time, and the exposed individual is also constantly moving around. This makes it almost impossible to obtain a precise estimate of an individual's inhalation exposure. This work describes a pilot study to calculate lung dose from the deposition of radon progeny, via estimates of cumulative exposure derived from in vivo measurements of sup 2 sup 1 sup 0 Pb, in subjects exposed to above-average radon and its progeny concentrations in their home environments. The measureme...
Estrada, J
Incorporation of the effect of the composite electric fields of molecular ions as a simulation tool for biological damage due to heavy ion irradiation II
This paper presents a theoretical study of the DNA damage due to the effect of the composite electric fields of H{sub 2}O{sup +} ions produced from the irradiation of a heavy ion onto a cell. It is found that a much larger number of electrons, which are produced from electron impact ionization, is trapped near the track of an incident ion in the case of C{sup 6+} ion irradiation with the energy of 3 MeV/u than that of proton irradiation. Therefore, the irradiation of carbon ions may produce a larger number of cluster DNA damage than that in the irradiation of protons. This may lead to the understanding of relative biological effectiveness (RBE).
Moribayashi, Kengo [Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 8-1-7, Umemidai, Kizugawa-city, 619-0215 (Japan) and Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1-3 Tatara Miyakodani, Kyotanabe City, 610-0394 (Japan)
Gamma Radiation Dose Rate in Air due to Terrestrial Radionuclides in Southern Brazil: Synthesis by Geological Units and Lithotypes Covered by the Serra do Mar Sul Aero?Geophysical Project
The absorbed dose rates in air due to terrestrial radionuclides were estimated from aerial gamma spectrometric data for an area of 48
Rodrigo O. Bastos; Carlos R. Appoloni; Jos� P. P. Pinese
Guidelines for Contact with Employees Off Work Due to an Injury or Illness The University's Return-to-Work Program assists employees temporarily or permanently unable to perform the
of their regular work due to either a work related or non-work related injury or illness. This Program is designedGuidelines for Contact with Employees Off Work Due to an Injury or Illness The University's Return-to-Work Program assists employees temporarily or permanently unable to perform the essential functions
de Lijser, Peter
Potential toxicological hazard due to endocrine-disrupting chemicals on Mediterranean top predators: State of art, gender differences and methodological tools
Man-made endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) range across all continents and oceans. Some geographic areas are potentially more threatened than others: one of these is the Mediterranean Sea. Levels of some xenobiotics are much higher here than in other seas and oceans. In this paper we review the final results of a project supported by the Italian Ministry of the Environment, in which the hypothesis that Mediterranean top predator species (such as large pelagic fish and marine mammals) are potentially at risk due to EDCs was investigated. We illustrate the need to develop and apply sensitive methodological tools, such as biomarkers (Vitellogenin, Zona Radiata proteins and CYP1A activities) for evaluation of toxicological risk in large pelagic fish top predators (Swordfish (Xiphias gladius), Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus thynnus)) and nondestructive biomarkers (CYP1A activities and fibroblast cell culture in skin biopsy), for the hazard assessment of threatened marine mammals species (Striped Dolphin, (Stenella coeruleoalba), Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus), Common Dolphin (Delphinus delphis) and Fin Whale (Balaenoptera physalus))exposed to EDCs. Differential gender susceptibility to EDCs is also explored both in large pelagic fish and in cetaceans. In cetaceans, male specimens showed higher cytochrome P450 induction (BPMO in skyn biopsies, CYP2B in fibroblasts cell cultures) by xenobiotics with respect to females.
Fossi, M.C. [Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena (Italy)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Casini, S. [Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena (Italy); Marsili, L. [Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Via PA Mattioli 4, 53100 Siena (Italy)
Strain evolution in Si substrate due to implantation of MeV ion observed by extremely asymmetric x-ray diffraction
We studied the strain introduced in a Si(111) substrate due to MeV ion implantation using extremely asymmetric x-ray diffraction and measured the rocking curves of asymmetrical 113 diffraction for the Si substrates implanted with a 1.5 MeV Au{sup 2+} ion at fluence values of 1x10{sup 13}, 5x10{sup 13}, and 1x10{sup 14}/cm{sup 2}. The measured curves consisted of a bulk peak and accompanying subpeak with an interference fringe. The positional relationship of the bulk peak to the subpeak and the intensity variation of those peaks with respect to the wavelengths of the x rays indicated that crystal lattices near the surface were strained; the lattice spacing of surface normal (111) planes near the surface was larger than that of the bulk. Detailed strain profiles along the depth direction were successfully estimated using a curve-fitting method based on Darwin's dynamical diffraction theory. Comparing the shapes of resultant strain profiles, we found that a strain evolution rapidly occurred within a depth of approx300 nm at fluence values between 1x10{sup 13} and 5x10{sup 13}/cm{sup 2}. This indicates that formation of the complex defects progressed near the surface when the fluence value went beyond a critical value between 1x10{sup 13} and 5x10{sup 13}/cm{sup 2} and the defects brought a large strain to the substrate.
Emoto, T. [Department of Physics, Toyota National College of Technology, 2-1, Eisei-cho, Toyota 471-8525 (Japan); Ghatak, J.; Satyam, P. V. [Institute of Physics, Sachivalaya Marg, Bhubaneswar 751005 (India); Akimoto, K. [Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Naoyga 464-8603 (Japan)
Measurement of radio wave reflection due to temperature rising from rock salt and ice irradiated by an electron beam for an ultra-high-energy neutrino detector
An ultra-high-energy neutrino (UHE{nu}) gives temperature rise along the hadronic and electromagnetic shower when it enters into rock salt or ice. Permittivities of them arise with respect the temperatures at ionization processes of the UHE{nu} shower. It is expected by Fresnel's formula that radio wave reflects at the irregularity of the permittivity in the medium. We had found the radio wave reflection effect in rock salt. The reflection effect and long attenuation length of radio wave in rock salt and ice would yield a new UHE{nu} detection method. An experiment for ice was performed to study the reflection effect. A coaxial tube was filled with rock salt powder or ice. Open end of the coaxial tube was irradiated by a 2 MeV electron beam. Radio wave of 435 MHz was introduced to the coaxial tube. We measured the reflection wave from the open end. We found the radio wave reflection effect due to electron beam irradiation in ice as well as in rock salt.
Tanikawa, Takahiro; Chiba, Masami; Kamijo, Toshio; Yabuki, Fumiaki; Yasuda, Osamu; Akiyama, Hidetoshi; Chikashige, Yuichi; Kon, Tadashi; Shimizu, Yutaka; Utsumi, Michiaki; Fujii, Masatoshi [Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 1-1 Minami-Ohsawa, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0397 (Japan); Faculty of Science and Technology, Seikei University, Musashino-shi, Tokyo 180-8633 (Japan); Department of Applied Science and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokai University, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 (Japan); School of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501 (Japan)
Mechanism of Radial Redistribution of Energetic Trapped Ions Due to m=2/n=1 Internal Reconnection in Joint European Torus Shear Optimized Plasmas
Internal radial redistribution of MeV energy ICRF-driven hydrogen minority ions was inferred from neutral particle analyzer measurements during large amplitude MHD activity leading to internal reconnection in Shear Optimized plasmas in the Joint European Torus (JET). A theory is developed for energetic ion redistribution during a reconnection driven by an m=2/n=1 internal kink mode. Plasma motion during reconnection generates an electric field which can change the energy and radial position of the energetic ions. The magnitude of ion energy change depends on the value of the safety factor at the plasma core from which the energetic ions are redistributed. A relation is found for corresponding change in canonical momentum. P(subscript phi), which leads to radial displacement of the ions. The model yields distinctive new features of energetic ion redistribution under such conditions. Predicted characteristics of ion redistribution are compared with the NPA measurements, and good correlation is found. Sometimes fast ions were transported to the plasma edge due to interaction with a long-lived magnetic island which developed after the reconnection and had chirping frequency in the laboratory frame. Convection of resonant ions trapped in a radially moving phase-space island is modeled to understand the physics of such events.
N.N. Gorelenkov; A. Gondhalekar; A.A. Korotkov; S.E. Sharapov; D. Testa; and Contributors to the EFDA-JET Workprogramme
Measured Impact on Space Conditioning Energy Use in a Residence Due to Operating a Heat Pump Water Heater inside the Conditioned Space
The impact on space conditioning energy use due to operating a heat pump water heater (HPWH) inside the conditioned space is analyzed based on 2010-2011 data from a research house with simulated occupancy and hot water use controls. The 2700 ft2 (345 m2) house is located in Oak Ridge, TN (mixed-humid climate) and is equipped with a 50 gallon (189 l) HPWH that provided approximately 55 gallons/d (208 l/d) of hot water at 120 F (46 C) to the house during the test period. The HPWH has been operated every other week from December 2010 through November 2011 in two modes; a heat pump only mode, and a standard mode that utilizes 15355 Btu/hr (4500 W) resistance heating elements. The energy consumption of the air-source heat pump (ASHP) that provides space conditioning for the house is compared for the two HPWH operating modes with weather effects taken into account. Impacts during the heating and cooling seasons are compared.
Munk, Jeffrey D [ORNL; Ally, Moonis Raza [ORNL; Baxter, Van D [ORNL
ENERGY INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION ... EIA recognizes that projections of energy markets are highly uncertain and subject to geopolitical disruptions, technological
A celestial gamma-ray foreground due to the albedo of small solar system bodies and a remote probe of the interstellar cosmic ray spectrum
We calculate the gamma-ray albedo flux from cosmic-ray (CR) interactions with the solid rock and ice in Main Belt asteroids (MBAs), Jovian and Neptunian Trojan asteroids, and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs) using the Moon as a template. We show that the gamma-ray albedo for the Main Belt, Trojans, and Kuiper Belt strongly depends on the small-body size distribution of each system. Based on an analysis of the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) data we infer that the diffuse emission from the MBAs, Trojans, and KBOs has an integrated flux of less than ~6x10^{-6} cm^{-2} s^{-1} (100-500 MeV), which corresponds to ~12 times the Lunar albedo, and may be detectable by the forthcoming Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST). If detected by GLAST, it can provide unique direct information about the number of small bodies in each system that is difficult to assess by any other method. Additionally, the KBO albedo flux can be used to probe the spectrum of CR nuclei at close-to-interstellar conditions. The orbits of MBAs, Trojans, and KBOs are distributed near the ecliptic, which passes through the Galactic center and high Galactic latitudes. Therefore, the asteroid gamma-ray albedo has to be taken into account when analyzing weak gamma-ray sources close to the ecliptic, especially near the Galactic center and for signals at high Galactic latitudes, such as the extragalactic gamma-ray emission. The asteroid albedo spectrum also exhibits a 511 keV line due to secondary positrons annihilating in the rock. This may be an important and previously unrecognized celestial foreground for the INTErnational Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory (INTEGRAL) observations of the Galactic 511 keV line emission including the direction of the Galactic center.
Igor V. Moskalenko; Troy A. Porter; Seth W. Digel; Peter F. Michelson; Jonathan F. Ormes
Poisoning of a silica supported cobalt catalyst due to the presence of sulfur impurities in syngas during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Effect of chelating agent
Sulfur compounds that are generally found in syngas derived from coal and biomass are a poison to Fischer-Tropsch (FT) catalysts. The presence of sulfur impurities in the ppm range can limit the life of a FT catalyst to a few hours or a few days. In this study, FT synthesis was carried out in a fixed-bed reactor at 230 �C, 20 bar, and 13,500 Ncm3/h/gcat for 72 h using syngas with H2/CO = 2.0. Cobalt-based catalysts were subjected to poisoning by 10 and 50 ppm sulfur in the syngas. The performance of FT catalyst was compared in context of syngas conversion, product selectivities and yields, during the poisoning as well as post-poisoning stages. At both the impurity concentrations, the sulfur was noted to cause permanent loss in the activity, possibly by adsorbing irreversibly on the surface. The sulfur poison affects the hydrogenation and the chain-propagation ability of the catalysts, and shifts the product selectivity towards short-chain hydrocarbons with higher percentages of olefins. Additional diffusion limitations caused due to sulfur poisoning are thought to alter the product selectivity. The shifts in product selectivities suggest that the sulfur decreases the ability of the catalyst to form C-C bonds to produce longer-chain hydrocarbons. The selective blocking of sulfur is thought to affect the hydrogenation ability on the catalyst, resulting in more olefins in the product after sulfur poisoning. The sulfur poisoning on the cobalt catalyst is expected to cause an increase in the number of sites responsible for WGS or to influence the Boudouard reaction, resulting in a higher CO2 selectivity. Both the sites responsible for CO adsorptions as well as the sites for chain growth are poisoned during the poisoning. Additionally, the performance of a base-case cobalt catalyst is compared with that of catalysts modified by chelating agents (CAs). The superior performance of CA-modified catalysts during sulfur poisoning is attributed to the presence of smaller crystallite sizes and higher dispersions of cobalt on the support. Finally, the sulfur deactivation data is modeled by a simple kinetic expression to determine the deactivation constant, deactivation rates and half-life of the FT catalyst.
Bambal, A.S.; Gardner, T.H.; Kugler, E.L.; Dadyburjor, D.B.
Changes in delta-Plutonium due to self-irradiation aging observed by Continuous in-situ X-ray Scattering
The aging in plutonium is predominantly caused by its internal self-irradiation. The self-irradiation in Pu-239 is by the decay process of transmuting the Pu atom into uranium atom and emitting an {alpha}-particle. Most of the lattice damage comes from the uranium recoil resulting in Frenkel-type defects consisting of vacancies and self-interstitial atoms, helium in-growth and defect clusters and possibly even though it is not yet observed, the generation of voids. As part of the stockpile stewardship, it is important to understand the changes in the structure and microstructures and their correlations to the physical properties. Changes in the physical properties have a direct relationship to the quality of the structure, in terms of formation of defects and defect clustering, accumulation of voids, grain boundaries, phase changes and etc. which can adversely affect the stability of the material. These changes are very difficult to monitor because of the high activity of the sample, high atomic number making x-ray and synchrotron probe into the bulk very difficult (neutron probe is not feasible) and the long life time which normally requires decades to measure. In this paper we describe the development of an in-situ in-house transmission x-ray diffraction (XRD) experimental technique used to monitor the structural changes in these materials. This technique calls for a very thin sample of less that 2 mm and to accelerate the aging process due to self-irradiation, spiked alloy of 7.5 weight percent of Pu-238 is used. This is equivalent to roughly 17 times the normal rate of aging. Current results suggest that over a period of 2.8 equivalent years, an increase of 0.5% in unit cell parameter is observed. The increase appears to be an abrupt jump at about 1.1 equivalent years, brought about by the collapsing of the atoms from the interstitials to the lattice sites. Further data analysis is on the way.
Saw, C K; Chung, B W; Wall, M A
Genocide, Territory, and the Geopolitics of International Adjudication: The Judgment of the International Court of Justice in Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro; Judgment of the International Court of Justice in Bosnia and Herzegovina v. Serbia and Montenegro.
??Human rights advocates have championed the establishment of a regime of international legal accountability for grave violations of human rights, including genocide. Despite recent advances� (more)
Khan, Mahmood Nawaz
Ethnic Conflict and Russian Intervention in the Caucasus
Georgia, is Professor of Anthropology and Director of the CaucasusCaucasus. Russia also served as a bad example to politicians in Azerbaijan, Georgia, andGeorgia, Arme nia and Azerbaijan, which form together the Transcaucasus or the south ern Caucasus,
Arutiunov, Sergei; Migranian, Andranik; Payin, Emil; Starovoitova, Galina
Minimal Conflicting Sets for the Consecutive Ones Property in ...
fc1, ... , cng and where there is an edge between ci and cj if and only if there is a row with entries 1 in columns ci and cj. The following property is then obvious.
Quantifiable Effects of Nuclear Conflict on Health and Society
The much-heralded Non-Proliferation Treaty is now taking hard knocks�sadly and paradoxically from its initial proponents, and governments are glibly talking.
example to politicians in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and Ukraine,Georgia, Arme nia and Azerbaijan, which form together theand Nakhichevan in Azerbaijan. With the exception of the
The Myth of "Ethnic Conflict": Politics, Economics, and "Cultural" Violence
Autonomous Republic, Azerbaijan and the Nagorno-Karabakhthe level of warfare in Azerbaijan, Georgia, and the Russianon Russia�s border with Azerbaijan. The peoples of this
Crawford, Beverly; Lipschutz, Ronnie D.
Conflicting Signals of Climatic Change in the Upper Indus Basin
Temperature data for seven instrumental records in the Karakoram and Hindu Kush Mountains of the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) have been analyzed for seasonal and annual trends over the period 1961�2000 and compared with neighboring mountain regions ...
H. J. Fowler; D. R. Archer
sources for relatively clean oil and gas. Indeed there is nobased technologies for oil and gas, as well as in the moreof relatively low cost oil and gas combustion by higher cost
Schipper, L.
Studying cooperation and conflict between authors with history flow visualizations
The Internet has fostered an unconventional and powerful style of collaboration: "wiki" web sites, where every visitor has the power to become an editor. In this paper we investigate the dynamics of Wikipedia, a prominent, thriving wiki. We make three ... Keywords: collaboration, document, revision history, visualization, wiki
Fernanda B. Vi�gas; Martin Wattenberg; Kushal Dave
Contested Space, Conflicting Desires: "Becoming" "Girls" in Urbanizing Rural China.
??Drawing from the poststructuralist perspective of subjectivity and discourse, this ethnographic project traces the construction of �girlhood� within various contested discourses in a changing Chinese� (more)
Cai, Yihuai
L.A. Stories: Identity and Conflict in Posturban Culture
Knopf, 2004. Print. ---. �Pilgrim in a Desert Land; Where Wearrived each time like � pilgrims� to the holy land, ensuredafter 1945� (Starr, �Pilgrim�). In Holy Land, the physical
Kuroki, Mikage
Dec 21, 2009 ... Also, combined with the fact that counting the number of cycles that contain a given edge in an arbitrary graph is #P-hard [30], this leads to the�...
Minimal Conflicting Sets for the Consecutive Ones Property ... - CECM
called a claw) or a cycle. This implies immediately that the number of MCS can be exponential in n. Also, combined with the fact that counting the number of�...
Rebels without borders : state boundaries, transnational opposition, and civil conflict
Resolution. 49(4):598-624. Wendt, Alexander. 1992. AnarchyKeohane 1984; Waltz 1979; Wendt 1992). However, in an age ofKeohane 1984; Waltz 1979; Wendt 1992). While studies of
Salehyan, Idean
Casualties and smoke emissions from regional and global nuclear conflict.
, fires ignited 2 km from ground zero at Hiroshima Bombs cause 3 types of damage Blast wave, destroys by 50, 15 kton weapons 4 million people #12;Fires in Hiroshima after the atomic blast Fire storm,neutrons Thermal radiation, fires ignited 2 km from ground zero at Hiroshima Blast wave, destroys brick buildings 2
Robock, Alan
The Power to Hurt: Costly Conflict with Completely Informed States
two events: The atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6atomic bomb moved Emperor Hirohito toward decisive action but the army still would not budge, claiming that Hiroshima
Slantchev, Branislav L
Teknekron Co. , District Heating: Implementation Issues andwants to expand its district heating system to save importedpolluting coal-burning district heating for relatively clean
a source of water and land pollution (from the wastes) andattendant air and water pollution and land use; avoidance ofLand Use Planning might reduce energy use and pollution but
planned financial, contractual, organizational, or other interests relating to the performance of the statement of work. For contractual interests, such statement must include...
Emergence through conflict : the Multi-Disciplinary Design System (MDDS)
This dissertation proposes a framework and a group of systematic methodologies to construct a computational Multi-Disciplinary Design System (MDDS) that can support the design of complex systems within a variety of domains. ...
Alfaris, Anas (Anas Faris)
Federal-State Conflicts over the Colorado River
A RIVER No MORE: THE COLORADO RIVER AND THE WEST (1981). 3.agricultural use in the Colorado River Basin in California.and California's dispute over Colorado River water, spanning
Kaplan, David
GEO 4357/ 5358 Environmental Conflict & Economic Development --Fall 2011
's Environmental Politics Colloquium. I thank Jake Kosek for the invitation and participants for commentary
Sura, Philip
Is conflict of interest in our best interest?
of interest in medical research, education and practice.public funds for medical research. Resources need to beand brightest minds in medical research to the benefit of
Beyer, Thomas; Czernin, Johannes
Proliferation of small arms and challenges to post-conflict
, Benedict J. Tria Kerkvliet, and Jonathan Unger 21. The Politics of Nuclear Non-Proliferation, editedWorking Paper 2010/1 The time has come for a treaty to ban weapons in space PETER VAN NESS Canberra come for a treaty to ban weapons in space [electronic resource] / Peter Van Ness. ISBN: 9780731531622
Richner, Heinz
Redefining learning environments in conflict areas : a Palestinian case study
This thesis is an exploration of learning environments in the West Bank of the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT) as administered by private, refugee and public school systems. In considering the insularity of learning ...
Kotob, Jenine (Jenine Shaban)
Identifying Detroit: Representing Tension, Conflict, and Hope in Detroit Architecture.
??Since the 1950s, Detroit's businesses and residents have been steadily migrating to the suburbs, taking with them much of the cultural, social, and economic diversity� (more)
facets of the energy-environment problem that we shallworsens the energy-environmental problem. While the goals ofto energy/environmental transportation problems lies with
Logic-based Conflict Detection for Distributed Policies
Policies are used to describe rules that are employed to modify (often distributed) system behaviour at runtime. Typically policies are created by many different people and there are many policies leading naturally to inconsistency between the policies, ...
Carlo Montangero; Stephan Reiff-Marganiec; Laura Semini
Decision Process in a Water Use Conflict in Brazil
to 95% of the population living elsewhere in the Brazilian Territory. ..... interventions, for instance building embankments, canal rectification etc. as a feasible.
Operasi Lilin dan Ketupat: Conflict Prevention in North Sulawesi, Indonesia.
??In the heightened religious and ethnic tensions of Post-Suharto Indonesia, the city of Manado in North Sulawesi emerged as an example of peace and harmony.� (more)
Kray, Karen
from low-sulfur oil or gas imports. This flexibility may bevalue of reducing imports of oil or gas from OPEC countriesuse of natural gas as an alternative to oil imports, Germany
energy producers, government energy policy planners and evenwith energy and environmental policy. Should governments beenergy, points to a difficult area for transportation pOlicy: How heavily should governments
War Signals: A Theory of Trade, Trust and Conflict
, the civil war has resulted in the breakdown of the traditional economic arrangements between nomads and farmers regulating 5"On the Moradabad riots of 1980: The higher wages in the brass industry and entrepreneurship brought about not only greater prosperity...
Rohner, Dominic; Thoenig, Mathias; Zilibotti, Fabrizio
the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a federation ofthe Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina can enter into anKosovo, Bosnia, and Herzegovina. 99 The publication of a map
Conflict and Health BioMed Central Debate
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Market-based health care reform during democratic transition in Bosnia and Herzegovina was complicated by the 1992�1995 war, that devastated the country and greater part of its health care infrastructure. The course of the transition and consequences of war for the health system and health professionals are presented here from the perspective of the author. The description of reallife situations and their context is used to illustrate the problems physicians, as well as international community, were faced with and how they tried to cope with them during and after the war. Speaking openly about the mistakes that were made in those times is the first step in preventing them from happening again and an invitation for exchange of opinions and open academic discussion. Background The year 1990 could be considered the beginning of what is known today as the democratic transformation of political scene in the former Yugoslavia. When the communist regime
Health Care In Bosnia; Herzegovina Before; Vladimir J �imunovi?; Vladimir J �imunovi?
A Conflict Resolution Control Architecture for Self-Adaptive
Badr,N. Reilly,D. Taleb-Bendiab,A. Proceedings of International Workshop on Architecting Dependable Systems WADS 2002 (ICSE 2002), Orlando, Florida
Badr, N.
replacement of relatively low cost oil and gas combustion bycosts. Worse, each of the sUbstitutes for imported oil andcost reserves of fuels lie in a few countries that have formed an oil
The Limits of Diversion: Rethinking Internal and External Conflict
The diversionary hypothesis offers a powerful alternative to rationalist explanations of war based on the state as a unitary actor. Most recently, it has been used to explain why democratizing states are more likely to ...
Fravel, M. Taylor
Fan-family conflict : an examination of inter-role conflict between sport fan and family roles.
??Ph. D. An individual's role set consists of a variety of different roles (Biddle, 1979; Madsen & Hammond, 2005). Parent, spouse, student, and even sports� (more)
Simmons, Jason M.
of public security, which emerged as a main employment generation activity in the country where private firms that provide security guards have mushroomed in various parts of the country. In addition, rehabilitation costs of displaced persons also... the total number of IDPs to be some 50 per cent of the total population of the district. According to UNHCR some 10,654 IDPs returned to Trincomalee, while 2531 left the district in 2001 for their original homes elsewhere. One of the critical issues...
Narman, Late Anders; Vidanapathirana, Upali
AME 514 -Applications of Combustion -Spring 2013 Homework #3 Due Friday 4/5/13, 4:30 pm in the drop box in OHE 430N (Xerox room). If you're off
AME 514 - Applications of Combustion - Spring 2013 Homework #3 Due Friday 4/5/13, 4:30 pm · Joulin, G., Sivashinsky, G. I. (1994). Combust. Sci. Technol. 98, 11-23. Theoretical description of flames in Hele-Shaw cells. · Yoshida, A. (1988). Proc. Combust. Inst. 22, 1471-1478. Very good
Physics 227 Winter, 1998 Problem Set 9 Due date: Monday, March 9 9.1 energy-momentum ratio A beam of moving particles, like an electromagnetic field, contains momentum
Physics 227 Winter, 1998 Problem Set 9 Due date: Monday, March 9 9.1 energy-momentum ratio A beam of moving particles, like an electromagnetic field, contains momentum and transports energy. a) Find the ratio of energy current to momentum density for a beam of particles with mass m and speed v. (The number
Witten, Thomas A.
Schools - CPU Damage Due to Lightning
This power quality (PQ) case study presents the investigation of the failure of certain equipment in the computer labs at a school which has been attributed to lightning.
Schools - Electronic Equipment Damage Due to Lightning
This power quality (PQ) case study presents the investigation of damage to a school's phone equipment, security alarm, and network computer system during a lightning storm.
subsidence above compacting oil and gas reservoirs, 11 Jour.Subsidence of the Wilmington Oil Field, California,~~ R. H.generation. Compared to oil and coal, the energy content of
Narasimhan, T.N.
model to compute land subsidence, 11 Bull. Intl. Assn.geothermal production and subsidence history of the Wairakei5. Geertsma, J. , 1973, Land subsidence above compacting oil
Modeling subsidence due to geothermal fluid production
Currently, liquid dominated geothermal systems hold the maximum promise for exploiting geothermal energy in the United States. The principal characteristic of such systems is that most of the heat is transferred by flowing water, which also controls subsurface fluid pressures and stress changes. The reduction in pore pressures brought about by geothermal fluid extraction is potentially capable of causing appreciable deformation of the reservoir rocks leading to displacements at the land surface. In order to foresee the pattern and magnitude of potential ground displacements in and around producing liquid dominated geothermal fields, a numerical model has been developed. Conceptually, the simulator combines conductive and convective heat transfer in a general three dimensional heterogeneous porous medium with a one-dimensional deformation of the reservoir rocks. The capabilities of the model and its potential applicability to field cases are illustrated with examples considering the effects of temperature and pressure dependent properties, material heterogeneities and previous stress history.
Lippmann, M.J.; Narasimhan, T.N.; Witherspoon, P.A.
Orbital perturbations due to massive rings
We analytically work out the long-term orbital perturbations induced by a homogeneous circular ring of radius Rr and mass mr on the motion of a test particle in the cases (I): r > R_r and (II): r debris belts around the Earth, we do not restrict ourselves to the case in which the ring and the orbit of the perturbed particle lie just in the same plane. From the corrections to the standard secular perihelion precessions, recently determined by a team of astronomers for some planets of the Solar System, we infer upper bounds on mr for various putative and known annular matter distributions of natural origin (close circumsolar ring with R_r = 0.02-0.13 au, dust ring with R_r = 1 au, minor asteroids, Trans-Neptunian Objects). We find m_r <= 1.4 10^-4 m_E (circumsolar ring with R_r = 0.02 au), m_r <= 2.6 10^-6 m_E (circumsolar ring with R_r = 0.13 au), m_r <= 8.8 10^-7 m_E (ring with R_r = 1 au), m_r <= 7.3 10^-12 M_S (asteroidal ring with R_r = 2.80 au), m_r <= 1.1 <= 10^-11 M_S (asteroidal ring with R_r = 3.14 au), m_r <= 2.0 10^-8 M_S (TNOs ring with R_r = 43 au). In principle, our analysis is valid both for baryonic and non-baryonic Dark Matter distributions.
Lorenzo Iorio
Artificial Skill due to Predictor Screening
This paper shows that if predictors are selected preferentially because of their strong correlation with a prediction variable, then standard methods for validating prediction models derived from these predictors will be biased. This bias is ...
Timothy DelSole; Jagadish Shukla
u i d density; p (pc), = heat capacity per u n i t volume ofwhich t = time; (cp), = heat capacity per u n i t volume ofu i d s p e c i f i c heat capacity a t constant volume; 6T
Mathematical Relativity Due on March 2
metric given by g = -(A(t, r))2 dt2 + (B(t, r))2 dr2 + r2 d2 + r2 sin2 d2 , where A and B are positive to 0 = Adt, r = Bdr, = rd, = r sin d are (using the notation = t and = r ) 0 r = r 0 = A B dt + B A dr; r = -r = 1 B d; r = -r = sin B d; = - = cos d. 2. Use Cartan's second structure equations
Natário, José
on the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field, Baja California,monitoring at the Geysers Geothermal Field, California,~~W. and Faust, C. R. , 1979, Geothermal resource simulation:
Analytic approximate radiation effects due to Bremsstrahlung
The purpose of this note is to provide analytic approximate expressions that can provide quick estimates of the various effects of the Bremsstrahlung radiation produced relatively low energy electrons, such as the dumping of the beam into the beam stop at the ERL or field emission in superconducting cavities. The purpose of this work is not to replace a dependable calculation or, better yet, a measurement under real conditions, but to provide a quick but approximate estimate for guidance purposes only. These effects include dose to personnel, ozone generation in the air volume exposed to the radiation, hydrogen generation in the beam dump water cooling system and radiation damage to near-by magnets. These expressions can be used for other purposes, but one should note that the electron beam energy range is limited. In these calculations the good range is from about 0.5 MeV to 10 MeV. To help in the application of this note, calculations are presented as a worked out example for the beam dump of the R&D Energy Recovery Linac.
Ben-Zvi I.
Mixed Layer Deepening Due to Langmuir Circulation
The interaction between wind-driven Langmuir circulation and preexisting stratification is examined in order to elucidate its role in the deepening of the ocean surface mixed layer. For linear stratification, a numerical model suggests that ...
Ming Li; Chris Garrett
Quantifying Precipitation Suppression Due to Air Pollution
Urban air pollution and industrial air pollution have been shown qualitatively to suppress rain and snow. Here, precipitation losses over topographical barriers downwind of major coastal urban areas in California and in the land of Israel that ...
Amir Givati; Daniel Rosenfeld
reinjection of the steam condensate back into the formationphenomena: steam withdrawal, injection of condensate andcondensate flows down by gravity to depths below adjacent producing wells, in situ steam
drilling activity completely ceased. Of these, 65 bores account for about 95 percent of the total fluid
Chemical damage due to drilling operations
The drilling of geothermal wells can result in near wellbore damage of both the injection wells and production wells if proper precautions are not taken. Very little specific information on the chemical causes for drilling damage that can directly be applied to the drilling of a geothermal well in a given situation is available in the literature. As part of the present work, the sparse literature references related to the chemical aspects of drilling damage are reviewed. The various sources of chemically induced drilling damages that are related to drilling operations are summarized. Various means of minimizing these chemical damages during and after the drilling of a geothermal well are suggested also.
Vetter, O.J.; Kandarpa, V.
Volatility Due to Offshoring: Theory and Evidence
Existing models of offshoring are not equipped to explain how global production sharing affects the volatility of economic activity. This paper develops a trade model that can account for why offshoring industries in low wage countries such as Mexico experience fluctuations in employment that are twice as large as in high wage countries such as the United States. We argue that a key to explaining this outcome is that the extensive margin of offshoring responds endogenously to shocks in demand and transmits those shocks across borders in an amplified manner. Empirical evidence supports the claim that the extensive margin of offshoring is an active margin of adjustment, and quantitative simulation experiments show that the degree of movement of this margin in the data is sufficient to explain relative employment volatility in Mexico and the U.S. JEL classification: F1, F4
Paul R. Bergin; Robert C. Feenstra; Gordon H. Hanson
Damage to Power Plants Due to Cycling
The duty cycle for power plants ranges from baseloading or consistently operating at or near fully rated capacity to two-shifting or shutting down during off-peak demand periods. Quantifying the cost of cycling and finding ways to mitigate and control those costs are critical to profitability. European Technology Development Ltd. (ETD) originally prepared and published this report and has agreed to the current revision by EPRI. The report evaluates the effects and implications of cyclic operation on equi...
Freezing Rate Due to Heterogeneous Nucleation
The heterogeneous nucleation of ice from supercooled water is influenced by the nature of the foreign nuclei that serve as the sites for ice embryo formation, and by the stochastic nature of the process of embryo growth to critical size. The ...
Gabor Vali
Radiative Forcing Due to Reactive Gas Emissions
Reactive gas emissions (CO, NOx, VOC) have indirect radiative forcing effects through their influences on tropospheric ozone and on the lifetimes of methane and hydrogenated halocarbons. These effects are quantified here for the full set of ...
T. M. L. Wigley; S. J. Smith; M. J. Prather
24/11/2010 10:22AGU: Radiation belt electron precipitation due to geomagnetic storms: Significance to middle atmosphere ozone chemistry Page 1 of 2http://europa.agu.org/?view=article&uri=/journals/ja/ja1011/2010JA015599/2010JA015599.xml
24/11/2010 10:22AGU: Radiation belt electron precipitation due to geomagnetic storms: Significance precipitation due to geomagnetic storms: Significance to middle atmosphere ozone chemistry Craig J. Rodger Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland Geomagnetic storms triggered
Critical National Need Idea Title: (Your title has a 90 character ...
... The geopolitical challenges associated with crude oil supplies � highlighted this ... of the world's oil exports, and global excess oil production capacity ...
Dynamics of the Oil Transition: Modeling Capacity, Costs, and Emissions
response to high oil prices and geopolitical threats tofor the e?ect of the oil price through the price elasticityprojections, corresponding oil price series are extracted
Brandt, Adam R.; Farrell, Alexander E.
* International dimensions of energy markets * Potential imports of LNG * Effects of China, India, other developing countries * Geopolitical effects EIA Has Combined Role * From...
Solar energy in Australia: a profile of renewable energy activity in its national context
The following topics are included: country overview; energy summary; geopolitical, economic, and cultural aspects of Australia; the energy profile; and international agreements, contacts, manufacturers, and projects. (MHR)
Case, G.L.
China Energy Primer
program � Oil and natural gas supply � Geopolitics such asa multi-channel natural gas (LNG) supply strategy since theof Malacca Strait � Supply of oil, natural gas, and coal
Ni, Chun Chun
Energy Outlook
Energy Outlook For NY Energy Forum October 29, 2013 | New York, NY By Adam Sieminski, Administrator Agenda * Winter Fuels Outlook * Drilling Productivity Report * Geopolitical...
Cost structures and life cycle impacts of algal biomass and biofuel production.
??Development and extraction of energy sources, energy production and energy use have huge economic, environmental and geopolitical impacts. Increasing energy demands in tandem with reductions� (more)
Christiansen, Katrina Lea
Strategic framework for real estate investment in emerging markets : the case of commercial real estate in Bogot�, Colombia
Real estate investment is becoming increasingly international. Deregulation and integration of global capital markets, growth of emerging market economies, demographic trends in developed economies, and geopolitical and ...
Ot�lora Castro, Jos� Camilo
DECOVALEX-THMC Task D: Long-Term Permeability/Porosity Changes inthe EDZ and Near Field due to THM and THC Processes in Volcanic andCrystaline-Bentonite Systems, Status Report October 2005
The DECOVALEX project is an international cooperativeproject initiated by SKI, the Swedish Nuclear Power Inspectorate, withparticipation of about 10 international organizations. The name DECOVALEXstands for DEvelopment of COupled models and their VALidation againstExperiments. The general goal of this project is to encouragemultidisciplinary interactive and cooperative research on modelingcoupled processes in geologic formations in support of the performanceassessment for underground storage of radioactive waste. Three multi-yearproject stages of DECOVALEX have been completed in the past decade,mainly focusing on coupled thermal-hydrological-mechanicalprocesses.Currently, a fourth three-year project stage of DECOVALEX isunder way, referred to as DECOVALEX-THMC. THMC stands for Thermal,Hydrological, Mechanical, and Chemical processes. The new project stageaims at expanding the traditional geomechanical scope of the previousDECOVALEX project stages by incorporating geochemical processes importantfor repository performance. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) leadsTask D of the new DECOVALEX phase, entitled "Long-termPermeability/Porosity Changes in the EDZ and Near Field due to THC andTHM Processes for Volcanic and Crystalline-Bentonite Systems." In itsleadership role for Task D, DOE coordinates and sets the direction forthe cooperative research activities of the international research teamsengaged in Task D.
Birkholzer, J.; Rutqvist, J.; Sonnenthal, E.; Barr, D.
Gamma Radiation Dose Rate in Air due to Terrestrial Radionuclides in Southern Brazil: Synthesis by Geological Units and Lithotypes Covered by the Serra do Mar Sul Aero-Geophysical Project
The absorbed dose rates in air due to terrestrial radionuclides were estimated from aerial gamma spectrometric data for an area of 48,600 km{sup 2} in Southern Brazil. The source data was the Serra do Mar Sul Aero-Geophysical Project back-calibrated in a cooperative work among the Geological Survey of Brazil, the Geological Survey of Canada, and Paterson, Grant and Watson Ltd. The concentrations of eU (ppm), eTh (ppm) and K (%) were converted to dose rates in air (nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}) by accounting for the contribution of each element's concentration. Regional variation was interpreted according to lithotypes and a synthesis was performed according to the basic geological units present in the area. Higher values of total dose were estimated for felsic igneous and metamorphic rocks, with average values varying up to 119{+-}24 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}, obtained by Anitapolis syenite body. Sedimentary, metasedimentary and metamafic rocks presented the lower dose levels, and some beach deposits reached the lowest average total dose, 18.5{+-}8.2 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}. Thorium gives the main average contribution in all geological units, the highest value being reached by the nebulitic gneisses of Atuba Complex, 71{+-}23 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}. Potassium presents the lowest average contribution to dose rate in 53 of the 72 units analyzed, the highest contribution being obtained by intrusive alkaline bodies (28{+-}12 nGy{center_dot}h{sup -1}). The general pattern of geographic dose distribution respects well the hypotheses on geo-physicochemical behavior of radioactive elements.
Bastos, Rodrigo O.; Appoloni, Carlos R. [Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory-Department of Physics-CCE State University of Londrina Campus Universitario-Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid s/n, Cx. Postal 6001, CEP 86051-990, Londrina, PR (Brazil); Pinese, Jose P. P. [Department of Geosciences-CCE State University of Londrina Campus Universitario-Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid s/n, Cx. Postal 6001, CEP 86051-990, Londrina, PR (Brazil)
Development of a helmet liner for protection against blast induced trauma
Traumatic brain injuries caused by shock waves have attracted increased medical and scientific attention due to the large percentage of combat troops that have sustained such injuries in recent conflict theatres. To this ...
Christou, George Alexander
Evaluating flexibility in railroad construction projects
This thesis aims to valuate flexibilities in a large-scale railroad construction project. In general, a railroad construction project involves a large amount of flexibilities due to its long construction period and conflicts ...
Oh, Choong Ryun, 1972-
All executive branch employees are subject to statutory and regulatory conflict of interest restrictions
GUIDANCE ON ACCESSING SUBCONTRACTOR EMPLOYMENT RECORDS GUIDANCE ON ACCESSING SUBCONTRACTOR EMPLOYMENT RECORDS Federal officials, on occasion, may seek access to contractor or subcontractor employment and personnel records. There are circumstances in which such access is appropriate and permissible. But access should only be granted in circumstances that demonstrate such access is authorized and that creates a record of such access that can be reviewed. In some situations, such as an investigation by the Inspector General, specific officials are authorized to have access. Other officials who wish access to such records should coordinate with the contracting officer, who should maintain a record of both the officials who are seeking access and their declared purpose for the access. This process will permit legitimate
Explaining ethnic conflict in the South Caucasus : Mountainous Karabagh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia
(cont.) the USSR and finds that a focus on opportunity provides the best explanation for the presence or absence of mass mobilization. Finally, the dissertation argues that conventional state security concerns best explain ...
Welt, Cory
Conflicting Views of Homosexuality Among the Mainstream Films and Gay "Pink" Films of Japan.
??This thesis will examine the representation of homosexuality in Japanese films through analyzing gay "pink" films, which are soft-core porn films exhibited in specialized theaters,� (more)
Ogawa, Sho
"If you can't join 'em, beat 'em": Julian Schwinger's Conflicts in Physics
came a mechanism for cold fusion. to tests and perhaps toBruce V. Lewenstein, "Cold Fusion and Hot History," Osiris,Science: Making Sense of Cold Fusion Science 29, no. '''
Shah, Sameer
Web MSNBC Search Alerts Newsletters RSS Help MSN Home Hotmail Sign In Conflict in Iraq
to host test reactor in search for alternative to fossil fuel French nuclear research facilities near Tuesday. The International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, or ITER, is intended to show that nuclear, and the creation of thousands of jobs. Fusion, not fission Unlike fission reactors used in existing nuclear power
Energy and Security in Northeast Asia: Supply and Demand, Conflict and
venture projects in oil and gas exploration and develop-strengthen exploration and produc- tion of oil and gas, andoil and gas reserves but need capital, advanced technol- ogy and equipment for their exploration
Fesharaki, Fereidun; Banaszak, Sarah; WU, Kang; Valencia, Mark J.; Dorian, James P.
Fuel Oil (bunker fuel) Petrochemical Feedstock Motorof re?ned oil product used in the U.S. is motor gasoline.
used in Japan's coal-fired plants to control particulatefuel is utilized. Coal-fired power plants, for ex- ample,being established, coal-fired power plants will continue to
Nuclear power and hydroelectricity account for 7 percent andnuclear energy and hydroelectricity constitute 5 percent andIn the long term, hydroelectricity production growth will be
high oil prices and large import quantities contribute toOil is also produced in the U.S. In 2007, the quantity was
2006 Wind Solar Geothermal Hydroelectric y Coal Wood & Wasteelectricity are nuclear and hydroelectric power. The other
Review: Peace Parks: Conservation and Conflict Resolution edited by Saleem H. Ali
led to the creation of peace parks in a given region, the elements that make it unique, the sources of funding,
Laberge, Yves
On Wars and Political Development. The Role of International Conflicts in the Democratization of the West
on the deployment of both armored chariots, manned by theof formations of heavily armored infantrymen (the so-called
Ticchi, David; Vindigni, Andrea
The Logic of Violence in Criminal War: Cartel-State Conflict in Mexico, Colombia, and Brazil
of troops and dozens of armored vehicles swarmed around thepolice built a fleet of armored vehicles and an elite corpsoperational deployment of the armored vehicles known as
Lessing, Benjamin
On death ground : why weak states resist great powers explaining coercion failure in asymmetric interstate conflict
Great Powers often adopt coercive strategies, threatening or using limited force to convince weak states to comply with their demands. While coercive strategies have succeeded in just over half of asymmetric crises since ...
Haun, Phil M
utilizing oil and gas for home cooking and heating. In 1995,home heating and cooking or power generation, con- serves oil
Heat Mortality Versus Cold Mortality: A Study of Conflicting Databases in the United States
Studies, public reports, news reports, and Web sites cite a wide range of values associated with deaths resulting from excessive heat and excessive cold. For example, in the United States, the National Climatic Data Center's Storm Data statistics ...
P. G. Dixon; D. M. Brommer; B. C. Hedquist; A. J. Kalkstein; G. B. Goodrich; J. C. Walter; C. C. Dickerson IV; S. J. Penny; R. S. Cerveny
Cooperation over conflict : the women's movement and the state in contemporary Japan
Progress on women's equality in Japan is found to be constrained by state intervention in the women's movement. This intervention takes the form of regulations that limit the independence of women's group, as well as ...
Murase, Miriam Y. (Miriam Yuko), 1967-
Fusion of imprecise, uncertain, and conflicting beliefs with DSm rules of combination
In this paper one studies, within Dezert-Smarandache Theory (DSmT), the case when the sources of information provide imprecise belief functions/masses, and we generalize the DSm rules of combination (classic or hybrid rules) from scalar fusion to sub-unitary interval fusion and, more general, to any set of sub-unitary interval fusion. This work generalizes previous works available in literature which appear limited to IBS (Interval-valued belief structures) in the Transferable Belief Model framework. Numerical didactic examples of these new DSm fusion rules for dealing with imprecise information are also presented.
Jean Dezert; Florentin Smarandache
Social issues and energy alternatives: the context of conflict over nuclear waste. Final report
The perceived risks and benefits of electric power alternatives were used to explore the context of attitudes toward nuclear power. Supporters and opponents of nuclear power responded to thirty-three items which referred to five categories of energy issue: the production potential of electric, risks of those technologies, power generation technologies, energy conservation, comparisons of risks among technologies and comparisons between risks and benefits of each technology. The results are summarized. The nuclear supporters studied here do favor nuclear power. However, they believe that there are limited prospects for contributions from solar, wind and hydroelectric technologies. They also believe that there are serious disadvantages to conservation. Nuclear opponents, on the other hand, disagree that there are such limited prospects for solar and wind, although they are neutral on the prospects for increased hydro capacity. They also do not believe that conservation necessarily poses serious adverse consequences either for themselves or others.
Lindell, M.K.; Earle, T.C.; Perry, R.W.
Conflicts between privacy and property: The discourse in personal and organizational knowledge
The paper critically examines knowledge ownership when personal or organizational knowledge is transferred between individuals or between individuals and organizations. Employing a form of discourse analysis, we analyse the data from three complementary ... Keywords: Knowledge transfer, Organizational knowledge, Personal knowledge, Privacy rights, Property rights, Strategic knowledge
Alina Dulipovici; Richard Baskerville
to air, water, and land pollution. It is widely believedair pollution, land pollution, and water pollution. Fora series of air, land, and water pollution problems, as its
Identifying priority healthcare trainings in frozen conflict situations: The case of Nagorno Karabagh
locked within post-Soviet Azerbaijan and one such frozenlocked within post-Soviet Azerbaijan. Nagorno Karabagh is ania, Stalin annexed NK to Azerbaijan in 1923 [11] where it
Thompson, Michael E; Dorian, Alina H; Harutyunyan, Tsovinar L
at the world price of oil and prices of gasoline and otherincremental pro?ts when oil prices rise come from both U.S.the recent increases in oil prices and attempts to clarify
Conflicting Roles Of Nickel In Controlling Cathode Performance In Lithium-ion Batteries
A variety of approaches are being made to enhance the performance of lithium ion batteries. Incorporating multi-valence transition metal ions into metal oxide cathodes has been identified as an essential approach to achieve the necessary high voltage and high capacity. However, the fundamental mechanism that limits their power rate and cycling stability remains unclear. The power rate strongly depends on the lithium ion drift speed in the cathode. Crystallographically, these transition metal-based cathodes frequently have a layered structure. In the classic wisdom, it is accepted that lithium ion travels swiftly within the layers moving out/in of the cathode during the charge/discharge. Here, we report the unexpected discovery of a thermodynamically driven, yet kinetically controlled, surface modification in the widely explored lithium nickel manganese oxide cathode material, which may inhibit the battery charge/discharge rate. We found that during cathode synthesis and processing before electrochemical cycling in the cell nickel can preferentially move along the fast diffusion channels and selectively segregate at the surface facets terminated with a mix of anions and cations. This segregation essentially blocks the otherwise fast out/in pathways for lithium ions during the charge/discharge. Therefore, it appears that the transition metal dopant may help to provide high capacity and/or high voltage, but can be located in a �wrong� location that blocks or slows lithium diffusion, limiting battery performance. In this circumstance, limitations in the properties of Li-ion batteries using these cathode materials can be determined more by the materials synthesis issues than by the operation within the battery itself.
Gu, Meng; Belharouak, Ilias; Genc, Arda; Wang, Zhiguo; Wang, Dapeng; Amine, Khalil; Gao, Fei; Zhou, Guangwen; Thevuthasan, Suntharampillai; Baer, Donald R.; Zhang, Jiguang; Browning, Nigel D.; Liu, Jun; Wang, Chong M.
The politics of peace process in cities in conflict : the Medellin case as a best practice
In the 1990s, at same time that the United States was bombing Baghdad, Medellin was the most dangerous city in the world. Since 2003, the city has undergone an internationally renowned urban transformation, part of a ...
Samper Escobar, Jose Jaime
Plethodontid salamander mitochondrial genomics: A parsimony evaluation of character conflict and implications for historical biogeography
Mitochondrial DNA; Genomics; Biogeography; Appalachia. 1.salamander mitochondrial genomics: A parsimony evaluation of1,2 Department of Evolutionary Genomics, DOE Joint Genome
Macey, J. Robert
Of Intractable Conflicts and Participatory GIS Applications: The Search for Consensus amidst
on Water Quality and Public Perception--Nassauer, J.I.; Allan, J.D.; Johengen, T.; Kosek, S.E.; & Infante
Wright, Dawn Jeannine
Does Determinism conflict with Wave-Particle Realism? Proposal for an Experimental Test
Wave-particle duality, superposition and entanglement are among the most counterintuitive aspects of quantum theory. Their clash with classical intuition motivated construction of hidden variable (HV) theories designed to remove or explain these "strange" quantum features, and contributed to the development of quantum technologies. Quantum controlling devices enable us to run experiments in superposition of distinct set-ups, allowing, e.g., a freedom in temporal ordering of the control and detection and forcing modification of the complementarity principle. We study the entanglement-assisted delayed-choice experiment and show that, in the absence of superluminal communication, realism (defined as a property of photons being either particles or waves, but not both) is incompatible with determinism, even if the hidden variable theory satisfying one of these properties reproduces quantum predictions. Our analysis does not use inequalities and is robust against experimental inefficiencies. We outline an experimental design that will be used to test our results.
Radu Ionicioiu; Thomas Jennewein; Robert B. Mann; Daniel R. Terno
then incorporated into the training programs funded by thefor Physicians by** Training program P A E R G Overalland only a few training programs have been conducted, most
Republic pipeline grid Source: �Oil and Gas in the Russianin stabilizing Middle East oil supply sources and shippingChina�s Oil Exports and Imports, 1980-1995 Source: East-West
3. Fossil-Fuel Subsidy Data from Other Sources Often Conflicts
A review of current gaps and needed changes to achieve success By Doug Koplow with contributions from Steve KretzmannAcknowledgments Thanks to Ronald Steenblik (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) and Patricia Lerner (Greenpeace International) for their valuable suggestions and input on earlier drafts of this document. All remaining errors and omissions are the responsibility of the authors. � 2010, Earth Track, Inc., and Oil Change International For more information on fossil fuel subsidies please visit:
G Fossil-fuel
Social Conflict Theory and Matthew�s Polemic against the Pharisees
from AD 70 to 100. � ANWR 19.2 (1979): 3�42. Nickelsburg,Jamnia) from AD 70 to 100,� ANWR 19.2 ( 1979): 3� Sjef van
Fraatz, Thomas C.
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil . . . . . . . . . .violence in democratic Brazil�. Latin American Politics andInternational. 2005. Brazil: �They come in shooting�:
resulting in a rise in coal prices have been designed tooil prices and unstable oil supplies helped make coal andprices remain higher. In developing countries, growth of coal
International energy policy: the conflict of investment needs and market signals
The Arabian Gulf is a neglected opportunity and Western Europe a neglected risk on resource and production cost grounds, but the greatest danger to energy security lies in the US imposing its highly market-oriented energy logic on the rest of the world. Speaking for the International Association of Energy Economists, the author points out that energy prospects look different to Europeans than to Americans. Europe needs to develop a balancing factor to Soviet gas, but is ahead of the US in its concern for energy security and the impact of energy development on the environment and society. The US message that free markets provide the best solutions tends to be ignored because the US message persists in its claim that the price of oil drives the entire energy machine. Natural gas offers the most hope as an alternative, but it is necessary to develop committed markets.
Tempest, P.
Emergent conflict behavior : strategic interstate bargaining as an n-player ABM
of Cooperation: Agent-Based Models of Competition anddissertation introduces an agent based model driven by thedissertation introduces an agent based model to explain why
Culyba, Mark
On-line trajectory resolution for two-armed systems with conflicting performance criteria
Haren pagina van Facebook. Figuur 3.5 | Geografische herkomst veel-posters (een kleine stip staat voor een persoon. Een grotere stip geeft meer mensen aan (maximaal 38 mensen uit de stad Groningen) Posts
1.1 and 1.1A Figure 6: Uses of Crude Oil in the UnitedStates Other Residual Fuel Oil (bunker fuel) PetrochemicalDiesel Fuel and Heating Oil Jet Fuel Figure 7: Sources of
natural gas in some applications, such as home heating and cooking or power generation,power generation. Over the next 15 years, the rapid growth of natural gas
huge invest- ments in refineries requiring low-sulfur crude.the existing and planned refinery complexes will lack thenatural gas. Two major oil refineries have a total capacity
Geothermal resources and conflicting concerns in the Alvord Valley, Oregon: an update
The geothermal resource potential of the Alvord Valley is among the highest in Oregon. However, environmental concerns, litigation, and administrative requirements have delayed exploration for and development of this resource. Present estimates indicate that deep exploratory drilling may not take place on Federal lands in the Alvord Valley until 1982.
Wassinger, C.E.; Koza, D.M.
of China's energy policy. The government attaches greatthis way, energy de- mand together with government policiesgovernment fore- casts, policies regarding fuel choice, and how energy
Agency conflicts in financial contracting with applications to venture capital and CDO markets
In these papers I examine efficient financial contracting when incentive problems play a significant role. In the first chapter (joint with Z. Fluck and S. Myers) we focus on the venture capital industry. We build a two-stage ...
Garrison, Kedran
Intragenomic conflict in populations infected by Parthenogenesis Inducing Wolbachia ends with irreversible loss of sexual reproduction.
2002, 80(1):41-45. 40. Grenier S, Gomes SM, Pintureau B,Microbiology 2004, 59. Grenier S, Pintureau B, Heddi A,
Stouthamer, Richard; Russell, James E; Vavre, Fabrice; Nunney, Leonard
Understanding conflict between landlords and tenants: implications for energy sensing and feedback
Energy use in the home is a topic of increasing interest and concern, and one on which technology can have a significant impact. However, existing work typically focuses on moderately affluent homeowners who have relative autonomy with respect to their ... Keywords: domestic computing, energy, inequality, sustainability
Tawanna Dillahunt; Jennifer Mankoff; Eric Paulos
FINANCIAL CONFLICT OF INTEREST TRAINING What is the purpose of the ...
... stock, stock option, or other ownership interest); or � Intellectual property rights and interests (e.g., patents, copyrights), upon receipt of income ...
Leviathan in the Tropics? : environment, state capacity, and civil conflict in the developing world
characterized by low capital intensity, but comparativelya plantation crop), the capital intensity and economies ofmanufacturing), low capital intensity and minor economies of
Hendrix, Cullen Stevenson
Electricity generation and distribution in Thailand: policy making, policy actors and conflict in the policy process.
??Many analysts have attempted to develop a systematic approach towards understanding the public policy framework in Thailand, and the impact of policies on Thai society� (more)
Rattanasak, Thanyawat
security rea- sons. LNG consumption growth is expected toLNG accounts for 5 percent of primary energy consumption,oil consumption increased 16 percent annu- ally, and LNG 20
Intersexual Conflict and Group Size in Alouatta palliata: A 23-year ...
males is likely to enhance a group's competitive ability in terms of access to high .... year (Milton 1982); thus our treatment of the data allows time for females to enter a ..... L. Dew, & J. P. Boubli (Eds.) Tropical fruits and frugivores: The search for�...
Prisoners of the Caucasus: Literary Myths and Media Representations of the Chechen Conflict
svidetel�stva, ed. A. G. Gorlov (Moscow: Kodeks, 1995),edited by the same A. G. Gorlov (Moscow: Kodeks, 1995). 33statement can be found in Gorlov, ed. , Kriminal�nyi rezhim
Ram, Harsha
1.1A Figure 6: Uses of Crude Oil in the United States Otherincreases in the price of crude oil during the last half ofdollar-denominated price of crude oil increased about 50%.
Energy Policy 35 (2007) 45554573 American policy conflict in the greenhouse: Divergent trends in federal,
amid a larger push for clean coal and ``next generation'' nuclear technologies. These actions in total. Nevertheless, action within the US is indeed moving forward, with states, cities and regional partnerships
Delaware, University of
Institutional Design in Plural Societies: Mitigating Ethnic Conflict and Fostering Stable Democracy
to exchange part of Bosnia-Herzegovina, that part round Paleintegrated at all in Bosnia-Herzegovina in exchange for
Grofman, Bernard; Stockwell, Robert
announces annexation of Bosnia Herzegovina CUP temporarilythe annexation of Bosnia Herzegovina, which had been anto its annexation of Bosnia Herzegovina, Alexander Isvolski,
Supporting Nepal�s Peace Process: From Conflict to Constituent Assembly
in the Office of the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1998-99). He was Secretary General of Amnesty International (1986-92) and Vice President of the International Center for Transitional Justice (2002-05). His writings include Self...
Martin, Ian
Ethnic Fears and Global Engagement: The International Spread and Management of Ethnic Conflict
legal existence of Bosnia and Herzegovina with its presentcolonial Algeria, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Burundi, Rwanda, Sri
Lake, David A.; Rothchild, Donald
The Social Reintegration of Women: Reconstructing Womanhood and Moving Past Post-Conflict in Sierra Leone
Ward, Jeanne. 2002. Bosnia and Herzegovina. In If not now,in Croatia and Bosnia-Herzegovina. Medical Anthropology
Holt-Rusmore, Evarosa Thalia
Standardization and sustainability of open source products: barriers and conflicts demonstrated with the linux screenreader SUE
SUE is an open source screenreader developed for the graphical interface using Linux. The screenreader allows the visually impaired to work with Linux for typical office tasks and the desktop (GNOME) itself. A special training course will instruct teachers ... Keywords: ECDL, GNOME, SUE, accessibility, blind, linux, low vision, open source, partially sighted, screenreader & usability extensions, training programme
Andrea Gaal; Gerhard Jaworek; Joachim Klaus
Conflict-Based Diagnosis of Discrete Event Systems: Theory and Practice Alban Grastien1,2
Grastien, Alban
how the challenge from high oil costs interacts with, but isproducts will re?ect that oil cost. A more appropriate andvirtually all of the cost of that oil must be paid directly
The Association Between Retirement and Emotional Well-Being: Does Prior Work-Family Conflict Matter?
Ecology University of Wisconsin - Madison September 2008 * ADescriptions: 1993 and 2004 Wisconsin Longitudinal Studyresearch uses data from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (
Coursolle, Kathryn M.; Sweeney, Megan M.; Raymo, James M.; Ho, Jeong-Hwa
the figures of proved oil reserves. BP Sta- tistical Reviewlion barrels, China's oil reserves would represent only 2.4have considerable oil and gas reserves and resources, China
position that exporters of oil (as well as other goods andsite versus the value of the oil, as well as the size of thee?ect of an oil price shock extends well beyond the pump, of
The sociality, ontogeny, and function of corvid post-conflict affiliation
females, 4 males) in large outdoor aviaries, in which birds were able to fly freely, at the University of Cambridge Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour in Madingley, U. K. Rooks and jackdaws were housed in the same aviary (17 x 9 x 3m) and jays... back, oriented such that both birds� heads face the same direction. Accompanied by growling vocalizations. R, JD, J Affiliative: passive Proximity Individuals within one body length of each other, but more than 5 cm apart. R, JD, J Co...
Logan, Corina
,"Energy","Water","Renewable","Petroleum","Alt. Fuel",,"On-Line Data Collection System",,"Report Period","Due In",,,"Primary","Secondary","Secondary"
Energy","Water","Renewable","Petroleum","Alt. Fuel",,"On-Line Data Collection System",,"Report Period","Due In",,,"Primary","Secondary","Secondary" Energy","Water","Renewable","Petroleum","Alt. Fuel",,"On-Line Data Collection System",,"Report Period","Due In",,,"Primary","Secondary","Secondary" 2003,,,,,,,"EMS4","Environmental Management System","Fiscal Year (Oct 1 - Sept 30)","November 15",,"Fiscal Year",2009 2004,,,,,,,"FAST","Federal Automotive Statistical Tool","Fiscal Year (Oct 1 - Sept 30)","October 31",,"Department","Department of Energy" 2005,-2.775557562e-17,,,0,0,,"FIMS","Facilities Information Management System","Fiscal Year (Oct 1 - Sept 30)","November 15",,"Program","Office of Legacy Management"
Have Disaster Losses Increased Due to Anthropogenic Climate Change?
The increasing impact of natural disasters over recent decades has been well documented, especially the direct economic losses and losses that were insured. Claims are made by some that climate change has caused more losses, but others assert ...
Laurens M. Bouwer
Hypoglycemia due to insulin binding antibodies in a patient with ...
autoimmune diseases, some drugs, such as methimazole. [3]. ... She accepted oral antidiabetic drugs ... University School of Medicine, China 280# MoHe Road,
Compressed Gas Cylinder Safety I. Background. Due to the nature
of these gases can cause a cylinder to become a missile-like projectile, destroying everything in its path (empty or full) in storage should be separated from fuel-gas cylinders and combustible materials
Suzuki, Masatsugu
Schools - Electronic Equipment Failures Due to Electrical Storms
This power quality (PQ) case study presents the investigation of multiple failures of electronic equipment such as computers, telephones, and alarm sensors throughout a school system, usually as a result of electrical storms.
A-56: Performance Degradation Due to Practical Operating Stresses ...
... as Shielding Materials for Electromagnetic Interference and Radiation Shielding ... for Nuclear Power Plant Steam Generators during Cold-Working Process.