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US 7124187 B1 Abstract Restorable paths in an information network are established in response to arriving traffic requests. Requests are received at a first node of the network for transmission of traffic to a second node of the network, and each request specifies a desired transmission bandwidth for an active and a backup path to be established between the nodes. Potential active links for an active path are identified in response to a given request, and potential backup links to form a backup path for restoring the active path, are also identified in response to the given request. An active and a backup path are then formulated for each given request from among the potential active links and the potential backup links that were identified in response to the given request.
Claims(10) 1. A method of dynamically establishing restorable paths in an information network in response to arriving traffic requests, the network having a number of nodes and links between corresponding pairs of nodes, comprising:
receiving requests at a first node of the network for transmission of traffic to a second node of the network, wherein a given request specifies a desired transmission bandwidth for an active path and a backup path to be established between the first and the second nodes;
distributing information to nodes in the network concerning (a) total bandwidth reserved by each link in the network for all active paths currently defined in the network, and (b) total bandwidth reserved by each link in the network for all backup paths currently defined in the network;
identifying potential active links in the network for an active path in response to a given request, wherein the potential active links each have an available bandwidth at least equal to the bandwidth specified by the given request;
identifying potential backup links in the network for a backup path for restoring the active path after the given request has arrived, wherein the potential backup links each have an available bandwidth at least equal to the desired transmission bandwidth specified by the given request; and
formulating an active and a backup path for each given request from among the potential active links and the potential backup links identified in response to the given request.
2. The method of
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. A method of dynamically establishing restorable paths in an information network in response to arriving traffic requests, the network having a number of nodes and links between corresponding pairs of nodes, comprising:
receiving requests at a first node of the network for transmission of traffic to a second node of the network, wherein a given request specifies a desired transmission bandwidth for an active path and a backup path to be established between the first and second nodes;
selecting active links in the network to form the active path in response to a given request, wherein the active links each have an available bandwidth corresponding to the bandwidth specified by the given request; and
selecting backup links in the network to form the backup path for restoring the formed active path after the given request has arrived, by using a maximum total bandwidth reservation among the active links selected to form the active path to determine a required bandwidth reservation for each backup link selected to form the backup path.
6. The method of
distributing information to nodes in the network relating to (a) total bandwidth reserved by each link in the network for all active paths currently formed in the network, and (b) total bandwidth reserved by each link in the network for all backup paths currently formed in the network.
7. The method of
8. The method of
9. The method of
10. The method of
Description This application claims the priority of U.S. Provisional Application 60/142,255 filed Jul. 2, 1999, and entitled �Dynamic Routing of Bandwidth Guaranteed Tunnels with Restoration�. 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a technique for establishing transmission paths meeting a guaranteed bandwidth requirement in an information network, with backup or restoration in the event of an active path link failure. 2. Discussion of the Known Art Emerging trends in backbone and transport networks require network providers to guarantee that backup paths meeting a certain guaranteed bandwidth will be deployed quickly in the event of active path failures. For example, and without limitation, consider a Multi-Protocol Label Switched (MPLS) application. In MPLS, a data packet is �encapsulated� at an ingress node (e.g., a first network router), and is given an IP header label. The header label is used to forward the packet along a label-switched path (LSP) or �tunnel� to a destination node (e.g., a second network router). The tunnels may be regarded as virtual point-to-point links between two edge nodes (e.g., the first and the second routers) which may actually be separated by a number of links between successive nodes within a given network. See, e.g., L. L. Peterson, et al., Computer Networks, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers (2d ed. 2000), at 277-80. Restoration mechanisms create backup paths for redirecting traffic in the event of an active path failure. The backup paths typically are set up simultaneously with the active paths. It therefore becomes necessary to define both an active path and a backup path to satisfy each request for a restorable, bandwidth-guaranteed LSP. The known restoration mechanisms operate in a static manner, i.e., sets of active and backup paths are defined under the assumption that future demands are known. This assumption has a drawback in that network resources are used potential future demands that can be routed. Accordingly, there is a need for a restoration mechanism that operates dynamically, wherein an active and an associated backup path are determined for each request as it arrives, and in such a manner as to use available network resources efficiently. According to the invention, a method of establishing restorable paths in an information network in response to arriving traffic requests, includes receiving the requests at a first node of the network for transmission of traffic to a second node, wherein a given request specifies a desired transmission bandwidth for an active path and a backup path to be established between the first and the second nodes. Potential active links in the network are identified for an active path in response to a given request, wherein the potential active links each have an available bandwidth at least equal to that specified by the given request. Potential backup links are identified for a backup path to restore the active path, wherein the potential backup links each have an available bandwidth at least equal to the transmission bandwidth specified by the given request. An active and a backup path are formulated for each given request from among the potential active and backup links identified in response to the given request. In the drawing: In the following, bandwidth routing is used toward setting up guaranteed quality of service (QoS) paths in an information network. Network delays and losses may also be part of a provider's service level agreement (SLA), in which case the SLA may be converted into an effective bandwidth requirement with queuing delays and losses restricted primarily to network edges. As used herein, the terms transmission path, LSP, and tunnel are used synonymously. Online (Dynamic) Routing Dynamic routing of LSPs should not rely on offline (static) procedures which assume that demands for routing of restorable paths are known a priori, or that any number of existing LSPs can be re-routed to accommodate a new LSP. Rather, using techniques described below, the LSP requests that arrive one-by-one are routed by an on-line procedure that defines both an active path and a backup path for each request, and in such a manner as to optimize network utilization by increasing the number of future demands that may be routed through existing network resources. Assume that requests for a LSP set-up arrive one at a time at a network 10 in Sharing of Backup Paths For adequate failure protection, when any single link fails in the network, all active connections that traverse the failed link should be switched through backup paths. Because only single link failures are to be protected, two connections having active paths 20, 22 that are completely link disjoint, as in No Routing Information Under this scenario, only residual (available) bandwidth on each link is currently known. The residual bandwidth is defined as the difference between the link capacity, and the amount of bandwidth already taken by all active and backup paths traversing the link. This information is obtainable from known routing protocols such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and their extensions. Note, however, that for each link the amount of bandwidth utilized separately by the active and the backup paths is not known. Only total used bandwidth is known. See J. T. Moy, OSPF: Anatomy of an Internet Routing Protocol, Addison Wesley (1998); and R. Guerin, et al., QoS Routing Mechanisms and OSPF Extensions, Proceedings Of Globecom (1997), which are incorporated by reference. Complete Routing Information Here, assume that complete routing information is available when routing each new demand for a transmission path. That is, the routes of all active and all backup paths of all connections currently in progress are known. This information is more easily maintained if a centralized routing procedure is employed. If, however, routing computations are to be distributed, it becomes difficult to disseminate this information readily to all network nodes. Partial Routing Information Under the third possibility, the information available for routing of each new demand is slightly more than that in the no information scenario, where only total bandwidth usage (or, equivalently, residual bandwidth) for each link is known. Here, the additional information includes the total bandwidth used by the active paths, and, separately, the total bandwidth used by the backup paths. This incremental information is significant, and is capable of dissemination readily to nodes distributed over the network. For example, it is obtainable from known QOSPF protocols provided the backup and the active paths are grouped into separate classes for which associated link bandwidth usage is to be distributed. Under the first, �no routing information� scenario, it is not possible to share any of the backup paths since relevant information for setting up shared paths, while maintaining restorability against single link failures, is not available. The second, �complete routing information� scenario permits optimal sharing but is not always practical. Hence, it may be used to obtain performance bounds as to how well joint backup routing can be performed. The third, �partial routing information� scenario is relatively modest with respect to the amount of information to be maintained. Because only aggregate information is needed, and per LSP information is not, the information may be used in a distributed fashion. Therefore, joint on-line routing of bandwidth-guaranteed active and backup paths under the partial information scenario is developed further below. Consider a network similar to that in For all the LSPs to be protected against link failures, an active path and a backup path cannot share a common link for any one LSP. Likewise, if LSPs are to be protected against node failures, then an active and a backup path for a given LSP cannot share a common node. When trying to route a request, once it is determined that sufficient bandwidth is not available in the network either to set up an active path or a backup path, the request is then rejected. As mentioned, LSP requests arrive one at a time. For ease of notation, let b units be a bandwidth demand for a current LSP setup request. Let s denote a source node for the current request, and let d denote a destination node for the current request. If the request is successfully set-up, then all links on the active path will reserve b units of bandwidth for use by this LSP. But all links in the backup path do not necessarily need to reserve b units of bandwidth, because of the mentioned potential sharing of bandwidth in the backup path. For example, consider two LSPs between nodes s and d, each for b units of bandwidth. Assume the active paths for the two LSPs are routed so they do not share a common link, as in The present routing technique can effectively share backup paths using aggregated information representing only aggregate link occupancy due to active paths, and aggregate link occupancy due to backup paths. Routing procedures based on the case of no current routing information, and on the case of complete current routing information, are used only to determine upper and lower bounds with which to compare performance of the partial information technique. Let Aij represent the set of active paths that use link (i,j), and let Bij represent the set of backup paths that use link (i,j). Let Fij be the total amount of bandwidth reserved by active paths that use link (i,j). Let Gij represent the total amount of bandwidth reserved by backup paths that use link (i,j). Then, Now let R1j=Cij−Fij−Gij represent the residual bandwidth of link (i,j). Since knowledge of any future demands is not currently available, active and backup paths for a current request are then determined so as to optimize the use of network infrastructure, i.e., minimize the amount of total bandwidth used by the active and the backup paths. The amount of sharing that can be realized on a backup path is a function of how much information is known concerning routing of LSPs currently set up in a given network. Thus, the three important scenarios are:
Assume that at the time of routing a new request, the only information known is the residual capacity Rij for each link (i,j) in a given network. Because a current request is for b units of bandwidth between nodes s and d, and no information is known other than Rij, there is no means of determining which active paths can share backup links. Further, even if those backup paths that can be shared are known, there is no means of knowing how much backup traffic is actually being carried by each link. Thus, there is no means to determine how much sharing is possible on each link. Hence, bandwidths of b units must be reserved on each link in the active as well as in the backup paths. Therefore, if Rij<b for link (i,j), then that link cannot be used in an active path or in a backup path for a current request. Minimizing the total amount of bandwidth consumed in routing a request may be considered analogous to applying a min-hop routing procedure for routing the request without backup restoration. Routing the request with restoration requires the determination of two link-disjoint paths instead of just one path, however. Since the amount of bandwidth consumed on each link is b units, the aim of minimizing the total amount of bandwidth consumed is equivalent to determining a pair of link disjoint paths wherein the total number of links is minimum. This may be considered a typical network flow problem wherein each link has unit cost and unit capacity. There is a supply of two units at node s and a demand of two units are at d. One procedure for solving this problem is given below.
A lower bound on the SPI scenario is obtained by solving the routing problem assuming complete current routing information (SCI) is available. The SCI scenario is developed as an integer programming formulation wherein the sets Aij and Bij are known for all links (i,j). Since robustness under single link failures is assumed, it is possible to share backup paths among demands whose active paths do not share a common link. Therefore, to formulate the problem, define the quantity θuv ij for each link pair (i,j) and (u,v). This quantity θuv ij is the cost (e.g., bandwidth usage) of using link (u,v) on a backup path if link (i,j) is used in an active path. To compute the value of θuv ij, first define the set φuv ij=Aij∩Buv. This is the set of demands that use link (i,j) on the active path and link (u,v) on the backup path. Let the sum of all the demand values in the set φuv ij be represented by
The above definition may be explained as follows: Since links (i,j) and (u,v) cannot coincide with both the active and the backup paths, the value of θuv ij is set to infinity if (i,j)=(u,v). The quantity δuv ij represents the amount of backup capacity on link (u,v) that cannot be used to backup the current demand, if link (i,j) is used in the forward path. This is because δuv ij is the amount of bandwidth needed on link (u,v) to backup the active paths currently traversing link (i,j). Therefore, taking the current request into account as well, a total of δuv ij+b units of backup bandwidth are needed on link (u,v) if the current request were to traverse link (i,j) and use link (u,v) for backup. Recall that Guv is the amount of backup (and hence shareable) bandwidth usage currently on link (u,v). Then, the current request can be backed up on link (u,v) without reserving any additional bandwidth if δuv ij+b≦Guv. Since only Guv units of bandwidth is shareable, if δuv ij+b>Guv then an additional reservation of δuv ij+b−Guv units is necessary. If the bandwidth is not available, then this backup path is not feasible so the backup cost of link (u,v) is set to infinity for this request. Let vector x represent the flow on the active path, where xij is set to 1 if link (i,j) is used in the active path. Let vector y represent the flow on the backup path, where yij is set to 1 if link (i,j) is used on the backup path. Routing with full information may then be formulated as the following integer programming problem: The first term in the objective function only indicates that the amount of bandwidth reserved for the active path is b units for every link on the active path. Note that if the optimal solution is not finite, then there is no feasible solution to the routing problem and the current request is dropped. An additional constraint xij+yij≦1 may be introduced explicitly to take care of the condition that the active and the backup paths are disjoint. Currently, this condition is implicitly handled by setting θuv ij=∞ if (i,j)=(u,v). Since the linear programming relaxation to the explicit formulation of the disjoint paths problem is better than the implicit formulation, the explicit formulation may be easier to implement, for example, using CPLEX. Problems involving about 80 nodes and 250�300 links were solved using CPLEX in about 10�15 minutes on a low-end workstation. This time is reasonable since the SCI scenario is used primarily only to obtain lower bounds on bandwidth usage. Under the SPI scenario, required routing information is obtainable from QOSPF-like protocols, and, hence, SPI is an appealing scenario from a practical viewpoint. In this scenario, information concerning the aggregate bandwidth used on each link by active paths, denoted by Fij, and the aggregate bandwidth used on each link by backup paths, denoted by Gij, is available. Since only aggregate information on bandwidth usage is of concern, the amount of information maintained in this scenario is independent of the number of LSPs that are currently using the network. That is, while the complete information scenario requires per-LSP information to be maintained, the partial information scenario requires information for only two types of tunnels, viz., active tunnels and backup tunnels. This is only slightly more information than the no information model which keeps track of only the total aggregate bandwidth usage. As shown below, the partial information scenario can realize significant gains in network performance, as measured by the number of rejected requests, by using a relatively small amount of additional information in comparison to the no information scenario. Results very close to the complete information scenario can be obtained. First, note that some sharing of the backup paths is possible even though only minimal information is maintained. Let AP represent the active path and BP represent the backup path for a current demand. Assume for the moment that active path AP has been selected already. Let M represent the largest value of Fij for some link (i,j) in the active path, i.e.,
For a potential link (u,v) on the backup path, if M+b≦Guv, then no additional bandwidth needs to be reserved on the backup path because any link failing on the active path generates a bandwidth need of at most M+b on the links of the backup path. Recall that Guv is the amount of bandwidth in use by backups on link (u,v). If M+b>Guv then, since Guv units of bandwidth are shareable, only an additional reservation of M+b−Guv units is necessary. If this bandwidth is not available, then this backup path is not feasible. The above sharing notions may be captured in a formulation similar to the full information formulation. For partial information, we set the value of θuv ij as follows:
A shortest path problem with the cost buv on link (u,v) can be solved, and this will result in an optimal backup path provided an active path has been independently selected. The amount of sharing possible on a backup path will of course influence the choice of an active path, and so the active path should not be independently chosen at the outset. Let =max(i,j) Fij, represent a maximum active bandwidth that can be reserved on any link. A high level view for solving SPI is first given below. It assumes there is a subroutine DISJOINT PATH (s, d, f, g) where s and d are two nodes in the network, and f and g are link length vectors. The subroutine DISJOINT PATH ( ), returns the optimal solution to the problem of finding two link disjoint paths between nodes s and d in the network, where the cost of the first path is given by the sum of the aij for all links (i,j) on the first path and the cost of the second path is given by the sum of bij for all links (i,j) on the second path. The problem is defined more formally and a solution procedure is given later below. Assuming that DISJOINT PATH ( ) exists, the procedure to solve SPI is the following:
STEP 3: Solve DISJOINT PATH (s, d, f, g). If the optimal solution to this problem is OPT and the value of OPT<BEST then set BEST=OPT. Increment M and go to STEP 2. Therefore, the feasibility of the approach to solving SPI depends on the ability to solve DISJOINT PATH (s, d, f, g). The problem can be stated more formally as follows: Given a directed graph G=(V, E) and two costs aij and bij on link (i,j), find a pair of link disjoint paths between a given pair of nodes s and t with minimum total cost, where the cost of the first path is the sum of the ail for all links (i,j) on the first path, and the cost of the second path is the sum of the bij for all links (i,j) on the second path. This is written in the form of a mathematical programming problem.
In order to obtain lower bounds on the optimal solution value to this problem, first relax the integrality constraints. Next, write the dual to this linear programming problem. Note that when the integral constraints are relaxed, the constraints that xij and yij are less than one can be dropped since this is impled by constraints on line (18). Let Πi denote the dual variable associated with the flow balance at node i for the x variables, let ρi denote the dual variable associated with the flow balance constraint at node i for the y variables. Let σij denote the dual associated with constraint (18). The dual then is given by Any feasible solution to the dual is a lower bound on the optimal primal solution. Assume that some value is fixed for the σij variables. Then the dual is just two independent shortest path problems. The weight of arc (i,j) for the first shortest path problem is aij+σij. The weight of arc (i,j) for the second shortest path problem is bij+σij. The sum of the lengths of the shortest path minus the sum of the σij is a valid lower bound on the optimal solution to the problem. Note that any feasible solution to the primal problem is an upper bound. The approach used is to generate tight upper and lower bounds to the problem. Note that in the description of the procedure given below, all shortest path problems are solved from node s and the shortest paths are computed to node d. Assume that Dijkstra's algorithm is executed from node s until all nodes are labeled, however. This is needed to facilitate STEP 5 of the procedure. DISJOINT PATH (s, d, a, b), given below: STEP 1: Set σij=0∀(i,j), set LB=0 and UB=∞. STEP 2: Solve two shortest path problems the first with weight aij+σij on link (i,j), and the second with weight bij+σij on link (i,j). Let P1 represent the shortest path with respect to the first set of weights. Let the weight of P1 be l1. Let hi represent the shortest path distance from node s to node i. Compute the reduced cost rij=aij+σij−hj+hi for link (i,j). Note that the reduced cost for the links on the shortest path tree determined by Dijstra's algorithm will be zero. For all links not in the shortest path tree, this reduced cost represents the amount by which the cost on that link can be decreased until it lies in the shortest path tree. Let P2 and l2 represent the shortest path and its length with respect to the second set of weights. Let ei represent the label for node i after the second shortest path computation. The reduced cost for link (i,j) is given by sij=bij+σij−ej+ei. These reduced costs are used in STEP 5. If l1+l2,−Σijσij, is greater than LB, then the value of LB is set to l1+l2,−Σijσij. If LB=UB or if LB and UB are unchanged for 10 iterations then RETURN the value of UB and EXIT. STEP 3: Temporarily set the value of σij=0 for all links (i,j). Compute the cost of P1 with aij as the cost of link (i,j). Let the cost of path P1 be represented by l1. Eliminate the link in P1 from the network. Compute the shortest path from s to d in the network with costs of bij on link (i,j). Let the length of this path be 1′2. If 1′1+1′2 is less than the current UB, then the value of UB is set to l′1+1′2. Repeat the same process first by eliminating the link in P2 from the graph and then determining the shortest path from s to d using costs of aij on link (i,j). STEP 4: If (i,j)εP1∩P2, then increment the value of σij by one. STEP 5: For each link (i,j), set σij=σij−min {rij, sij, σij}. The steps in the above procedure are now explained. STEP 2 and STEP 3 compute valid lower and upper bounds respectively as shown in the dual formulation. STEP 4 attempts to increase the lower bound. Consider the case where the shortest paths after changing the values of σij in STEP 4 are still given by P1 and P2. Then note that the shortest path length increases by one unit for both the first and the second path, resulting in a unit increase in the lower bound. STEP 5 attempts to increase the lower bound by decreasing the values of σij while keeping the shortest path lengths the same. Therefore, the value of σij is reduced on link (i,j) that is not on the shortest path whose reduced cost is positive for both of the shortest path problems. This procedure executes relatively fast even on large sized networks, and usually obtains solutions within 5% of the optimal solution. Several techniques can be used to speed up the procedure for solving SPI even further. For example, instead of iterating from M=0 to M= , it is sufficient to compute for values of M=fij for some link (i,j). Therefore, DISJOINT PATH ( ) is called at most m times, where m is the number of links in the network. Of course, if different links have the same fij values, then the experiment needs to be done only once for all those links. Also note that if the current value of LB is DISJOINT PATH ( ) for a particular value of M is greater than BEST, then the DISJOINT PATH ( ) computation can be stopped. With these enhancements, the procedure for SPI has run in less than a second on a low-end workstation for problems with 70�80 nodes and about 250 links.To extend the procedure to cover node failures, the representation of nodes is changed by splitting each node into an ingress sub-node where all incoming links terminate, and an egress sub-node where all outgoing links terminate. The two sub-nodes are connected with a link equal to the node capacity, and a failure of this link is equivalent to a node failure. Tunnels which originate at ingress edge-routers should now start at the ingress sub-node corresponding to the ingress router. Similarly, tunnels which terminate at an egress edge-router should now terminate at the egress sub-node corresponding to the egress edge router. Experiments were performed using a network graph with 15 nodes and 56 links. The test network is shown in For this set of experiments, the capacities of the links are set to infinity. Requests arrive one at a time to the network. The source and the destination nodes are picked at random from among the nodes in the network. The bandwidth request is uniformly distributed between 1 and 10 units. Each demand has to be allocated an active path and a backup path. Since the capacity is infinite, there is no request rejection. The objective therefore is to compare how well the procedure using partial information performs relative to the no information and the complete information scenarios, in terms of total amount of bandwidth used. In the NS model there can be no sharing of backup paths. In the SPI and SCI models, there is sharing of the backup paths. The goal is to determine how much bandwidth is saved by this sharing. After 100 demands were loaded onto the network, the total amount of bandwidth consumed by the demands (for both active and backup) was determined for each of the information models. Ten experiments were performed with different random seeds. A second set of experiments were performed to study the behavior of the procedures with respect to the number of demands dropped when there is overloading of the network. In these experiments, the links have finite capacity. The light links in Ten experiments were performed. The number of rejected demands after 50 demands were loaded onto the network, were counted. The results are shown in While the foregoing description represents preferred embodiments of the invention, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention pointed out by the following claims. Patent Citations
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Z-Line Designs Delano Glass L-Shape Computer Desk
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Z-Line Designs Delano Glass L-Shape Computer Desk
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Desk Type: Computer desk | Top Finish: Black |
Top Material: Glass | Base Material: Metal |
Style: Contemporary | Design: L-Shape desk |
Keyboard Tray: No | Height Adjustable: No |
Drawers Included: No | Drawer Pedestal Included: No |
Cabinets Included: No | Chair Included: No |
Casters Included: No | Hutch Included: No |
Treadmill Included: No | Application: Home office |
Country of Manufacture: China | Weight Capacity: Desk tops: 120 Pounds |
Weight Capacity: Corner: 50 Pounds |
About the Manufacturer
Z-Line continuously works to maintain a level of excellence when it comes to durable products. They undertake in every step of the production process (from designing to manufacturing) with the highest awareness of quality. The goal of Z-Line has always been to provide the customer with a product that will last a lifetime. With a team of highly accredited and award winning designers and engineers, Z-Line has consistently set the trend for products that are unique to any other on the market today.STYLE
Z-Line Designs Delano Glass L-Shape Computer Desk
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Awesome! Sleek and so easy to assemble. I love it! Paul from New York, NY– Verified Buyer Lightweight yet strong! Clean look, I love the design and black color. |
Looks good and easy to assemble Dena from garden city, NY– Verified Buyer We got this for our 12 year old son. He put ot together himself. Made well and looks great. Highly recommended. |
Perfect! bluelotus06 from Augusta, GA– Verified Buyer I needed space for my home office activities (paperwork, laptop, etc.) AND space for completing schoolwork. As I work on a graduate certificate online, this desk allows me to keep all my study materials (books, notebook, laptop, etc.) spread out for assignments. |
Desk --- from woodstock, ny– Verified Buyer I bought this desk to go with the computer desk I already had from Z-line. They look great together except it's strange the the legs on the new desk go the opposite way of the computer desk. You'd think they would have made it differently for a uniformed look. Oh well ! They still look pretty great together and all that glass makes for a clean and airy office. |
Love this desk, functional & Sleek! Exec at Home from San Jose– Verified Buyer Perfect for the office in the home! Allows for work space, computer space and writing areas due to the tiered design of the desk. |
Nice Table Knt Dracula from LoS Angeles, CA 90024– Verified Buyer It looks nice |
nice product [...] wagnju from Lees Summit,MO– Verified Buyer Good and nice product for private use in my homeoffice |
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Delano Glass L-Shape Computer Desk is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: ZL1429-1DU

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XL - Overton's Dog Life Jacket
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Size: XL(90 lbs. and up/36"-44" body girth)
Color: Yellow
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I have a 70lb lab mix so I went by the sizing chart and ordered a Large(large went up to 70 lbs). It was very snug. If he gained any weight at all, it wouldn't have snapped. I sent the large back and got the XL, thinking it was 90+ and he would have room to grow. This was way too big and he slides out of it. Not a great option for us as we need something in-between.
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11:11, 12 If the two witnesses are individuals, their resurrection should presumably be interpreted literally. If the witnesses are symbolic of the churches, their resurrection symbolizes the victory of Christian witness after a time of intense persecution (6:9, 10; 20:1–6). See note on v. 3.


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Quantum Announces First Delivery Of Plug-In Hybrid Electric F-150 Pick Up Truck To Florida Power & Light
IRVINE, Calif.,
May 30, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. (NASDAQ: QTWW), a global leader in natural gas, hydrogen and hybrid/electric vehicle technologies, today announced that it has delivered the first pilot version of its plug-in hybrid electric (PHEV) F-150 pickup truck to
Florida Power & Light Company (FPL), in association with Dow Kokam, the lithium-ion battery system supplier for the PHEV F-150.
"We are pleased to announce the first delivery of this exciting plug-in hybrid electric F-150 truck," said Brian Olson, CEO of Quantum. "In partnership with Dow Kokam, we have developed a truly innovative, unique and durable solution that provides significant advantages for fleets and utilities looking to substantially reduce their operating costs as well as their carbon footprint."
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The PHEV F-150 is powered by Quantum's innovative and highly efficient "F-Drive" ™ parallel plug-in- hybrid electric drive system. The "F-Drive" allows the truck to run the first 35 miles on a zero emission electric drive and then switch to an efficient hybrid drive mode, achieving 100+ mpg depending on the drive cycle and charging frequency. The PHEV F-150 incorporates fully-integrated and safety-tested lithium-ion energy storage systems from Dow Kokam.
About Quantum: Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. is a leader in the development and production of advanced vehicle propulsion systems, fuel storage technologies, and alternative fuel vehicles. Quantum's portfolio of technologies includes electronic and software controls, hybrid electric drive systems, natural gas and hydrogen storage and metering systems and other alternative fuel technologies and solutions that enable fuel efficient, low emission hybrid, plug-in hybrid electric, fuel cell, and natural gas vehicles. Quantum's powertrain engineering, system integration, vehicle manufacturing, and assembly capabilities provide fast-to-market solutions to support the production of hybrid and plug-in hybrid, hydrogen-powered hybrid, fuel cell, natural gas, and specialty vehicles, as well as modular, transportable hydrogen refueling stations. Quantum's customer base includes automotive OEMs, fleets, aerospace industry, military and other governmental agencies, and other strategic alliance partners. Quantum's wholly-owned subsidiary, Schneider Power Inc., and affiliate, Asola Solarpower GmbH, complement Quantum's alternative and renewable energy presence through the development and ownership of wind and solar farms, and the manufacture of high efficiency solar modules for traditional and automotive applications. Quantum is headquartered in Irvine, California, and has operations and affiliations in the USA, Canada, Germany and India. About Dow Kokam: Dow Kokam was established in 2009 to develop and manufacture technologically advanced and economically viable battery solutions for the transportation, defense, industrial and medical industries. Dow Kokam is owned by The Dow Chemical Company, TK Advanced Battery LLC and Groupe Industriel Marcel Dassault (Dassault). Uniting the three companies created the first battery and energy management systems manufacturer to combine the viable, scalable, large-format battery technology with the market franchise, manufacturing expertise and market knowledge necessary to become the clear partner of choice across industries.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Greek Meatballs in Wine Sauce
- Total Time:
- 17 min
- Prep:
- 5 min
- Cook:
- 12 min
- Yield:
- 4 servings
- Level:
- Easy
- 3/4 pound ground lamb
- 3/4 pound ground beef or ground veal
- 1 small yellow skinned onion, minced or grated with hand grater
- A handful flat-leaf parsley, chopped
- Salt and pepper
- 1 tablespoon butter
- 1 tablespoon (1 turn of the pan) extra-virgin olive oil
- 1 cup dry white wine
- 1/2 lemon
Preheat a medium skillet over medium high heat.
Combine meats, onion, parsley, salt, and pepper. Add butter and oil to pan and begin rolling small, bite-size balls, adding balls to pan as you roll them. Cook balls 10 to 12 minutes, shaking pan occasionally to brown equally on all sides. Deglaze pan with wine and allow wine to reduce by half, 1 or 2 minutes. Remove pan from heat and squeeze the juice of 1/2 lemon over the meatballs.
Serve in a bowl.
Recipe courtesy Rachael Ray
Cooking Tips
More Recipes and Ideas
Surf and Turf in Herbed Red Wine Sauce with Buttery Mushrooms and Creamy Leeks
Recipe courtesy of Brad Sorenson
Recipe courtesy of Mario Batali


text:
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Viper® Dartboard Backboard
Item # WX2-218228
- Google+
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- Details & Specs
Viper® Dartboard Backboard saves surrounding drywall from a lifetime of ugly punctures!
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Sonic ReducerA Brokeheart Pro The Kitten Next Door (Kitten Next Door Recordings)Jeannette Kantzalis should be commended for creating a complete album. The Kitten Next Door is her first record, but it oozes the kind of experience and complexity many musicians don't capture until their third or fourth attempt. Kantzalis' vocals range from finely tuned to gritty and raw, showcasing her talent and passionate delivery, which saves The Kitten Next Door from being just another rockabilly/Americana/generic girl-with-guitar novelty production. Plus, the cover art perfectly captures the feel of the album: a confident woman wandering the desert highways with adventure on her mind and time on her hands. Beirut Lon Gisland (Ba Da Bing Records)Speaking of second attempts, Beirut's latest release doesn't carry the shock value of his first album, Gulag Orkestar. Why? Because the indie-klezmer sound is no longer novel. That doesn't mean Zach Condon has lost his luster—every song on this five-song EP is fun, explorative and captivating—but some of the innocence has been shed. Everything is sharper, in better focus, more composed and refined. It's a better-produced album, which is good news for some and bad for others. If in doubt, consult the toned-down, more instrumental remix of "Scenic World"—it's damn good. Che Arthur Iron (Sick Room Records)Iron is a buffet of rock music. Che Arthur does soft, classic, punk, emo and progressive rock all in one convenient, easy-to-digest presentation. In listening to Iron from beginning to end, it's hard to believe Arthur does everything on this album. (I would have bet my iPod nano that there were four people on this album from the vocals alone.) Iron isn't available until the end of March, but in the meantime you can hear The Che Arthur Three at the Launchpad this Monday, March 12, in an all-ages show with Rocky Votolato and Slender Means. | Today's EventsBlaze Ya Dead Homie • Boondox • rap • Trilogy • DJ Stigmata at Sunshine TheaterRavin Hill • rock, soul at Sidelines Sports Grille & BarHanta • stoner rock • Spectral Voice • Negative Degree • YAR at LaunchpadMore Recommented Events ›› | |
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The shrine of knowledge.
Immanuel Kant Quotes
A selection of articles related to immanuel kant quotes.
Original articles from our library related to the Immanuel Kant Quotes. See Table of Contents for further available material (downloadable resources) on Immanuel Kant Quotes.
- The Necronomicon
- There are those who believe in this grimoire, in its existence and in its potency, and there are those who do not. Those who believe say that this grimoire, originally named Al Azif, and written by Abdul Alhazred around 700 AD, contains the rituals that, if...
Deities & Heros >> Chthulu
- Starting with Jesus and the Christian Path...
- During the years of the historical Jesus' life, there are eight or nine years that his whereabouts are not accounted for. Meaning these are the 'lost' years. It was after returning that he truly began to teach his wisdom. Many scholars believe he was in India...
Religion & Philosophy >> Religions
- Question the Premises of Society and Science
- Question the ultimate validity of the basic premises of society, in particular, scientific theory. Do not accept concepts or statements as truthful simply due to weight of tradition or learned opinion. The synthesis of these statements is a healthy skepticism...
Religion & Philosophy >> Philosophy
- The Four Symbols of Usui Reiki Ryoho
- " It is not God's will merely that we should be happy, but that we should make ourselves happy." Immanuel Kant According to many traditional teachers the Reiki symbols are sacred and therefore secret and should only be seen by insiders, meaning...
Body Mysteries >> Reiki
- Everything you always wanted to know about the beliefs of the Founding Fathers that your Congressman will never tell you!
- Through the Dark Ages, civilization and learning languished under the iron rule of the church. Finally, through the rediscovery of the Pagan Classics, Plato, Aristotle, Epictetus, Plotinus and many other philosophers, the west began to see a glimmer of the...
Saga of Times Past >> History & Anthropology
- Truth, Lies and the Holocaust
- Any fool can tell the truth, but it requires a man of some sense to know how to lie well. -Samuel Butler Over the years, I have heard many tales of tragedy and persecution committed against Neo-Pagans around the country. From folks losing jobs, losing...
Saga of Times Past >> History & Anthropology
- Looking For The Hub Of The Sacreed Wheel: Part 1
- It is often said that all paths are like spokes on a wheel. We start at the rime and follow a spoke to the hub of central truth from which all paths arise and to which they all return. Those of you who've been following my articles should also know that to a...
Religion & Philosophy >> Religions
Immanuel Kant Quotes is described in multiple online sources, as addition to our editors' articles, see section below for printable documents, Immanuel Kant Quotes books and related discussion.
Suggested Pdf Resources
- Immanuel Kant
- IMMANUEL KANT. (1724–1804). Heinrich Kanz.
- www.ibe.unesco.org
- Immanuel Kant
- Quotes about Kant: Others. "Immanuel Kant is often said to have been the greatest philosopher since the Greeks.
- www.calvaryrpc.org
- Searching for Journal Articles from
- Immanuel Kant quote: "We can judge the heart of a man by his treatment of animals".
- www.elcentrocollege.edu
- Kant's Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals
- Kant begins the first section by distinguishing between things that are without qualification, according to Kant, is (what he calls) a good will.
- www.unc.edu
- letizia cariello selection summary
- title, drawn from an Immanuel Kant's quote: "...
- www.letiziacariello.com
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- Immanuel Kant Quotes - BrainyQuote
- Share the best Quotes by Immanuel Kant with your friends and family at BrainyQuote.com.
- www.brainyquote.com
- Immanuel Kant Quotes
- 62 quotes from Immanuel Kant: 'Rules for Happiness:something to do,someone to love, something to hope for.', 'We are not rich by what we possess but by wha.
- www.goodreads.com
- Immanuel Kant - Wikiquote
- en.wikiquote.org
- Immanuel Kant quotes
- Immanuel Kant quotes,Immanuel, Kant, author, authors, writer, writers, people, famous people.
- thinkexist.com
- Immanuel Kant Quotes
- Immanuel Kant was a German writer and philosopher. Kant is known for The Critique of Pure Reason. Here are a few quotes from Immanuel Kant.
- classiclit.about.com
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Fold-A-Goal Open Reel Measuring Tape. Open reel fiberglass tape. 330 feet, 100 meter. Metal handle for durability
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Fold-A-Goal Heavy Duty Measuring Tape
Product Description
Fold-A-Goal Open Reel Measuring Tape
Open reel fiberglass tape
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Open reel fiberglass tape
330 feet, 100 meter
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text:
Large Mahogany Fitted Coffer
Product Code: BOXCOFRMH-L
The large Fitted Coffer in splendid Mahogany provides the highest level of protection for your chessmen. Unlike traditional chess boxes, where the chess pieces are stacked on top of each other while not in use, the large Fitted Coffer provides each of the chess pieces their own individual storage compartment. It features brass quadrant hinges, a removable top tray and a lock and key with tassel. Available with or without The House of Staunton Logo laser engraved on the lid. This item can also be personalized for gift giving.
Product Details
Country of Manufacture | |
Manufacturer | The House of Staunton |
Woods Used | Mahogany |
Box Dimensions | 16.5" x 10.5" x 6.5 |
Fits King Height Up To | 4.4" - Including 2 Additional Queens |


text:
Catching Up With Bobby Carter – Video, Bike Check, & Top 5s
Thanks to fat tony for sending this in, check bobby's edit and tight new sickchild frame!
New Breed: Alex Johnson Interview
Interview by Joe Miller.
Tell us your name, age and hometown?
Alex Johnson, 16, Decateur IL.
How long have you been riding?
Two years.
When did you first see flatland, and who/what got you started?
I first saw Day Smith in one of the Matt Hoffman games. Then one day saw a video on youtube and decided that i want to do it. At only sixteen years old you are progressing really fast.
How much do you ride, and do you set goals or just ride and see where it takes you?
I like to ride everyday depending on the weather. I like to set goals once in a while, but I usually just let things happen.
Do you have any plans to attend any Jams or Contests this year?
I plan on competing at Jomopro and York jam, and also the French connection.
The Flatland scene in Texas is huge compared to most areas, who do you ride with most of the time, or do you ride alone?
During the week I ride by myself, but on Saturdays I ride at the OG with the Austin crew.
Do you find it easier to learn established tricks or invent your own tricks/switches?
What works for me is to learn existing tricks and branch off them with my own variations.
What interests do you have aside from riding?
I like drawing and playing guitar.
List your favorite food,movie,and recording artist.
Ramen Noodles, Napoleon Dynamite, Jimi Hendrix.
Who are your top five riders to watch, and why?
Sam Foakes for his crazy combos. Martti Kuoppa, because he keeps pushing the sport further and further. Adam Kun for his crazy switches. Shintaro Misawa, because his riding is so smooth. Jason Forde for his flow.
Do you have any goals for your riding?
I would like to travel the world and ride with different scenes, get a sponsor, and most important of all, keep progressing!
I would like to take this time to thank you for your time, anyone you'd like to thank?
I would like to thank the whole Texas crew, and everyone who has helped me along the way.
Any last words of advice for someone who wants to start riding Flatland?
Do it!!!
Few videos-look for some new footage of Alex later this week on flatmatters!
Alex Johnson's Global Flat Online Battle from BMX Freestyler on Vimeo.
Global-Flat Intermediate Online Battle for 3rd from BMX Freestyler on Vimeo.
Game of skills update!
Heres the poster /flyer for my upcoming contest in april in cooperation with carhartt and the arena vienna: game of skills.
the contest will be held indoors with the option of opening the sides of the venue. the competition will have a very special battleformat based on the idea of a game of skate adaption but there will be things involved that will only be possible in bmx flatland.
more info and homepage with videoexplaination, interviews of riders, and much more coming soon!
best regards and PEACE!
-Michael Sommer


text:
Home » The Art of Data Protection » #securechat Recap: Child Safety Online and Using Mobile Devices
#securechat Recap: Child Safety Online and Using Mobile Devices
March 19, 2012, 10:05 am EST
Last week's #securechat Twitter chat focused on rules & technology to keep kids safe online – whether they're using a family computer or their own mobile devices. The internet is a crucial tool for social, economic & educational progress. But, without proper safeguards & training, children can be exposed to inappropriate content or cyber predators. They also can unintentionally open the door to malicious web code, viruses, Trojans, keyloggers, and other cyber threats. It's the job of parents, guardians, educators, and public facilities to create an environment where kids can learn how to use the internet & mobile devices safely.
Top tips this week came from @tsodell, @rogeroottawa, @jenatsafenet, @securitytrends and @paulardoin. Thanks for sharing your experiences & advice.
Tech recommendations:
- Bsecure – Warns kids of questionable sites – they can click through, but the software will email the parent. has time mgmt/limits across multiple computers and iPod/Pads
- K9 WebProtection – helps block russian ads, popups, and allows for custom URL filtering
- NetNanny – Blocks inappropriate sites, masks profanity, monitors social media & IM, allows time controls.
- AdBlocker – @securitytrends: AdBlocker is an add-on you'd wanna install in browser. nothing worse than a 10-yr old finding that 'Awesome Marketing' is giving away the free iPod his parents didn't want to buy him for Christmas.
Parental controls:
- Parents should check browser history regularly.
- @tsodell: I think it is ok for kids to have internet-enabled devices, but they need supervision and boundaries with consequences.
- @hillarts: Macs are nice because you can actually schedule times when the machines can be used, what apps they can use. I also have an admin account setup on all of their machines that I can use to access them
- @jenatsafenet: My kids don't have download access…I just use my windows account settings and my admin level is pw protected. Simple.
- @PaulArdoin: I have browser pop-up blocker on 24×7. URL filters are schizo–filter out educational sites for anatomy (which my son needed) and send msg that he's not trusted.
Rules for going online:
- Kids can't use a program or site if parents don't have their own supervisor account or the kids' password for monitoring.
- No chat. Emails allowed only with a limited (parent-approved) contact list.
- Discuss anything fishy with your parent.
- No real names/location to anyone online.
- Kids must use the internet in common area, under parent supervision, no apps/songs downloaded without a parent's password.
Not sure which sites are safe? Here are some articles with recommended sites for kids: ow.ly/9GjKD and ow.ly/9GjNh. But remember, nothing can replace an involved parent. Equip them to make good choices!
@rogeroottawa: Tools created/use will have limitations. I want to instead arm my kids with knowledge and boundaries that they themselves own.
@JenatSafeNet: Definitely education is key. My kids are learning how to be safe in school and at home. Make sure you know where they are visiting.
Back to The Art of Data Protection Blog homepage.
This post was written by +Cheryl Shoults
This entry was posted in #SecureChat by Cheryl Shoults. Bookmark the permalink.- February 2015
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Securing Sensitive Data in IBM SoftLayer with SafeNet ProtectV and Virtual KeySecure
Paul Ardoin February 23, 2015, 12:15 pm UTC
Own Your Encryption Keys—and Prove Control of Your Data in the Cloud
Paul Ardoin February 19, 2015, 02:15 pm UTC
2014 Data Breaches by the Numbers (and the Impact)
Andrew Gertz February 12, 2015, 08:47 am UTC
[Infographic] Practitioners - Are You EPCS-Compliant?
Mor Ahuvia February 11, 2015, 04:18 pm UTC
Securing Digital Signatures: A Primer
Stephen Helm February 9, 2015, 02:08 pm UTC
A Channel Revolution: An Interview with 5-Time Channel Chief Laurie Usewicz
Jennifer Lewis February 26, 2014, 09:39 am UTC
[Infographic] Unlock the Potential of Data Center Consolidation
SafeNet February 10, 2014, 05:56 pm UTC
Join SafeNet at RSA Conference 2014
Andrew Gertz February 7, 2014, 12:49 pm UTC
[Infographic] The Alarming Rate of Data Breaches
Andrew Gertz February 18, 2014, 06:00 am UTC
Securing the Breach, Part 1 – Accept It, Then Protect It
Kristin Manogue March 18, 2014, 02:19 pm UTC
From Fragmented to Unified – Why Implement Consistent Access Controls Throughout Your IT Ecosystem?
Mor Ahuvia November 25, 2014, 12:47 pm UTC
Never Fear, SAS is Here!
Trisha Paine December 2, 2014, 12:03 pm UTC
Securing Microsoft Applications at the Heart of Your Business
Paul Ardoin May 20, 2014, 05:35 pm UTC
Insight into the 2013 Gartner Magic Quadrant for User Authentication
Doron Cohen March 13, 2013, 08:15 am UTC


text:
Abbreviation for pussying out. When someone backs down from something, wether they said they would or not.
Hamish said he would go into town but he PO'd by saying he was tired.
por Tdogg222
02 de Novembro de 2013
slang for "partner". Means friend or partner. Comes from the Cajun slang, "pod-nah". You often here this used in golf.
Hey what's goin on pods? You down to play the back nine?" or "Great shot pods!" or "Hey, you're my pods today!
por BBN11
07 de Novembro de 2010
A prefix added to a person's name to indicate that he or she is not acting typically. Has the same origin as pod person.
That must have been pod-Justin you met; usually he's a complete asshole.
por Heptune
11 de Maio de 2005
Past Over Dosed; Dead.
Bob P.O.D'd from snorting too much llello.
por yank
18 de Novembro de 2003
a tolerable christian rock band that's better at hiding the fact that they're Christian rock than Creed is.
por Anonymous
31 de Outubro de 2003


text:
Torm A/S - Annual Report 2010
Forward looking statements are based on management's current evaluation, and TORM is only under obligation to update and change the listed expectations to the extent required by law.
About TORM:
TORM is one of the world's leading carriers of refined oil products as well as a significant player in the dry bulk market. The Company runs a fleet of approximately 140 modern vessels in cooperation with other respected shipping companies sharing TORM's commitment to safety, environmental responsibility and customer service.
TORM was founded in 1889. The Company conducts business worldwide and is headquartered in Copenhagen, Denmark. TORM's shares are listed on NASDAQ OMX Copenhagen (ticker: TORM) and on NASDAQ in New York (ticker: TRMD). For further information, please visit www.torm.com.
Attachments: No. 3 2011 - Annual Report 2010 - 10.03.2011.pdf TORM_Annual_Report_2010.pdfCheck Out Our Best Services for Investors
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Six federal officials sat at a conference table on a chilly Tuesday in January 2002. They had the new Transportation Security Administration literally in their hands: The crucial agency was only a diagram on a sheet of paper.
They were drafting a plan for a massive agency that would be responsible for protecting U.S. transportation, with a special interest in securing airports and preventing a repeat of the Sept. 11, 2001, hijackings. To say the least, it was a daunting assignment for those six officials to create such a vital agency so quickly.
"We were looking at each other asking, "OK, now what do we do?'" said Patrick Schambach, one of the six and the first associate undersecretary for IT and CIO at TSA.
In November 2001, TSA was created by an act of Congress. John Magaw was nominated in December to be the agency's first administrator, and Schambach came on board in January. Congress didn't give officials a lot of time to construct TSA, which also left little time for long debates around the table.
Magaw said he had hired the best people he knew to put TSA together, and now their job was to hire the best people they knew to get TSA running. That Tuesday in January, the six officials agreed to come back Thursday with progress reports.
Schambach was astonished to find that all 20 people on his list of experts in government and industry had agreed to work for him at TSA. Even so, he had a problem. He didn't have job titles for his potential employees. He didn't know how they would apply for the jobs or how they would get the necessary security clearances. He wasn't even sure which programs managers would be in charge of whom. Given the urgency of the situation, he decided that TSA would deal with the details later.
"We were, frankly, flying by the seat of our pants," said Schambach, who is now vice president and general manager of CSC's Homeland Security Department business area.
Fortunately for the six officials at that table in 2002, Congress gave them plenty on which to focus: 32 mandates, including carrying out security checks and hiring people to screen baggage, that had to be accomplished within 12 months.
"I think back and say, 'Thank God they did that because we had to get moving,'" he said.
Schambach said his challenge was getting a huge IT infrastructure in place when his office only had 150 people. His solution was IT Managed Services, a billion-dollar network support contract awarded to Unisys in 2002.
The idea of managed services — in which an agency pays a contractor to provide IT services rather than deliver specific products — was relatively new at the time, and ITMS was the largest project of its kind.
"The best thing was that I had no legacy systems I was chained with," Schambach said, but "the bad thing was I had no legacy systems. We had to build from scratch."
Read more of Remembering Sept. 11: Disaster and response.
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Matthew Weigelt is a freelance journalist who writes about acquisition and procurement.
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President Obama's proposal to boost government coordination with the private sector got a warm welcome in the House Homeland Security Committee.
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Meet the women and men who are doing great things in federal IT.
The law's certification and approval provisions empower CIOs to end outdated software development projects, says Agilex's Roger Baker.
The new chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee extends an olive branch to the minority, but keeps subpoena power for himself.
FCW investigated efforts by the departments of Defense and Veterans Affairs to improve a joint data repository on military and veteran suicides. Something as impersonal and mundane as incomplete datasets could be exacerbating a national tragedy.
Despite delays, the program is at a critical point for determining the ultimate impact of cloud technology in the government space.
In an interview with FCW, the Department of Veterans Affairs' chief technology officer talks about overhauling the digital experience for VA customers.
The National Information Exchange Model's usefulness extends far beyond its origins in justice and law enforcement.


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Nausea, esophageal spasms
Posted 04 January 2013 - 03:59 AM
I have quite a of dysphagia. Could two missed missed doses of 1/2 tab 25/100 between noon and six PM have caused spasms in my esophagus? Since nothing has helped, that's the only theory I have. Please respond ASAP because you will probably answer around 4 AM PST. Thank you.
I am not a human being trying to have a spiritual experience; I am a spiritual being having a (sometimes difficult) human experience.
Posted 04 January 2013 - 08:13 AM
Usually missing sinemet does not cause spasms, but in some cases could impact swallowing.
You may want to crush the tablets, take the parcopa dissolvable sinemet or ask about a temporary NG tube they can place to get medications down (a tube through the nose into the stomach).
Feel better soon.
Author of the Amazon Bestseller Parkinson's Treatment: 10 Secrets to a Happier Life
National Medical Director | NPF
UF Center for Movement Disorders & Neurorestoration
Read More about Dr. Okun at: http://movementdisor...hael-s-okun-md/
or Visit Parkinson's Disease treatment and research blogs at:
NPF's What's Hot in Parkinson's disease
or his parkinsonsecrets.com blog for treatment tips
Posted 21 January 2013 - 02:26 AM
Have you been diagnosed with spasms? I have the same symptoms and I thought it was gastroperesis. I am having esophageal spasms test on 12/13. But gastric emptying tests came back negative. Can you tell me more about your symptoms and what you have been through?
Edited by Gerry22, 11 January 2014 - 01:01 AM.
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STEP UP Fans of DIRTY DANCING and FAME will appreciate the moves in this tale of a sullen young thug named Tyler (Channing Tatum) who winds up doing community service at the Baltimore High School for the Performing Arts. At first he's just smirking and mopping the floors, but then Nora (Jenna Dewan), a talented dancer and choreographer, loses her partner to a fractured ankle mere weeks before the big showcase, and Tyler steps in as her partner. At first he doesn't take it too seriously but then again, he's never had a real chance in life. His best friend from the street (Damaine Radcliff) gets jealous and forces Tyler to decide which side of the tracks he thinks he belongs on. Meanwhile, romance heats up between Tyler and Nora, and there's some side business with the school's hip-hop composer (Mario) falling in love with Nora's hot friend Lucy (Drew Sidora), who is going out with an older man -a successful artist who cheats on her. As far as dramatic steps go, that's all fairly by the numbers, but the performances are strong. Tatum manages to be charismatic while playing his character like a real high school kid, that is to say, monosyllabically. The dialogue crackles and the editing is tight, while the big dance climax is, of course, a crowd-pleasing showstopper. Rachel Griffiths (SIX FEET UNDER) plays the school principal. Alyson Stoner connects with some warmth and spontaneity as Tatum's little sister, as does rapper Heavy D in a bit part as a local crime lord.
STEP UP 2 THE STREETS Jon M. Chu directs this feel-good sequel about pursuing what you love and finding yourself along the way. Andie (Briana Evigan, daughter of actor Greg Evigan) is a tough Baltimore teen who grew up dancing and is now part of the 410, the hottest dance crew in the city and reigning champions of the Streets, an underground dance competition. Unable to control Andie's rebellious ways, her guardian, Sarah (Sonja Sohn), has decided to send her to Texas to live with her aunt. But Andie has one last chance to stay with her crew in her beloved Baltimore: the Maryland School of the Arts (MSA). Unfortunately, maintaining her studies at MSA means less time with the 410. To make matters worse, Andie is having a hard time fitting in at her new high school, where tradition is revered and being outside the box is frowned upon. Luckily, she has a partner in crime in classmate Chase Collins (Robert Hoffman), whose stuffy brother, Blake (Will Kemp), is the school's director and a constant thorn in his younger brother's side. When the 410 boots Andie out, she and Chase find their own crew of overlooked MSA dancers and take it all the way to the Streets. The real star of STEP UP 2 THE STREETS is the amazing dancing and there's plenty of it. From the opening scene in a Baltimore subway to the playground to studio rehearsals to the Streets, these kids give it everything they've got. Channing Tatum briefly reprises his role as Tyler Gage, who knows Andie from the neighbourhood.
STEP UP 3 Moose (Adam Sevani) teams up with a talented street dance crew for a competition against some of the most talented hip-hop dancers around in this eye-popping instalment of the popular dance film series.
Product specifications
Product specifications
Type | DVD |
Key Information
Classification | 12 |
Consumer Advice | Contains Mild Violence, S*X References And |
Duration (mins) | 303 |
Type | DVD |
Number Of Discs | 3 |
Studio | UNIVERSAL PICTURES UK |
Boxset | Y |
Cast & Crew
Actor |
Drew Sidora
Jenna Dewan Adam G. Sevani Channing Tatum Josh Henderson Alyson Stoner Briana Evigan Robert Hoffman Rachel Griffiths |
Cinematographer |
Michael Seresin
Editor |
Andrew Marcus
Nancy Richardson Nicholas Erasmus |
Executive Producer |
Anne Fletcher
David Garrett |
Music |
Aaron Zigman
Producer |
Jennifer Gibgot
Patrick Wachsberger Adam Shankman Erik Feig |
Writer |
Duane Adler
Toni Ann Johnson Karen Barna |
Director |
Jon M. Chu
Special Features | Interview with Carlton Leach|Commentary by Director Julian Gilbey and writer Will Gilbey|Filming the Footsoldier: The Making of Rise Of The Footsoldier (75 mins)|Deleted And Extended Scenes|Out Takes|Auditions|Production Stills|Trailers| |
Language | English |
Key Information
Region | 2 |
Genre | Drama |


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Lauren Conrad Wearing Leather Leggings Fall 2011
In Love With . . . Lauren Conrad's Leather Leggings
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In Love With . . . Lauren Conrad's Leather Leggings
We highly encourage wardrobe creativity, but that's not to say that some great pieces don't deserve to be repeated. Lauren Conrad's making quite a case for sticking to what works, outfitting her leather leggings for events, errands, parties, and beyond. The slick leather bottoms work well with practically everything — and if ever there was a time to invest in a pair it's now. If you need more convincing, just click through for five utterly cool takes from Lauren. From her dressed up version, topped with a white blazer to perfect street style finished with a plaid button-down — all the inspiration's right here. Step inside to see and shop.
Link Love
- ASAP Rocky is basically a wizard when it comes to clothes — The Cut
- Even accessories have accessories now — Style.com
- Meryl Streep's daughters just landed a cool new fashion gig — HuffPost Style
- Elizabeth Taylor always wore the best jewels — InStyle
- Would you buy an Apple Watch just to make a statement? — Racked
- The shirtdress may be making a comeback this Spring — SheFinds
- Why you should be on board with dresses over pants — Who What Wear
- Kate Spade Saturday is having a crazy-good sale right now — Lucky
- 1 woman weighs in on whether or not we need fashion — Man Repeller
Latest Fashion


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Into Girls is a webseries of vignettes following different lesbian characters, attempting to change how media portrays queer women. Read more
Into Girls is a webseries of vignettes following different lesbian characters, attempting to change how media portrays queer women.
About this project
Hello everyone! We are Into Girls and this is our webseries about young lesbians! We just finished our First Season and have been releasing our videos on youtube and vimeo.
Into Girls is a series of vignettes that follow different lesbian characters. The story lines are mostly focused on the uncertainty of self and learning how to come into your own as a lesbian. Our experiences and inexperience drive the stories and style of the series.
Into Girls has reached over 60,000 views on Youtube and a growing subscriber base of over 1,000. We are supported by LGBT media sites such as PNT TV and OneMoreLesbian. Our hope is not just to create a webseries, but to create a network of various LGBT communities.
Donate what you can to make our dreams and goals a reality!
We desperately need your help to be able to rent film equipment to films our second season. The equipment we used for season 1 is no longer available to us and equipment is expensive. On top of that, New York City is expensive. We are broke college students creating the series from a 0 dollar budget. We are extremely blessed to have cast and crew members donate their time and resources, however we need all the help we can get. In essence the more help we get the better the season will be.
Check out our series on our website: www.thefourth-wave.com
or our youtube channel: http://www.youtube.com/user/IntoGirlsWebseries
Risks and challenges
Our series is simple and we work with what we have, the reason for fundraising for our second season is to make the production value that much better, as well as we need to rent equipment.
Season 1 was filmed on school equipment we had during the spring semester. We were working from a 0 dollar budget funding it ourselves here and there if we needed something extra.
We work our story lines and production around obstacles in order to get them done and out to our viewers. If something doen't go our way, we simply rework it or change the concept to something more manageable.
The biggest problem for us now is that we do not have any equipment and we need funding in order to rent it so that we can get season 2 to our viewers as soon as we can.
Last season we had a total of 25 dollars in donations, think what we could do with a real budget for the season, every little bit helps!
Have a question? If the info above doesn't help, you can ask the project creator directly.
Pledge $8 or more
2 backers
You will receive a facebook shout out from our facebook page!
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Pledge $25 or more
5 backers
You will get an Into Girls official sticker!!
A Facebook shout out!Estimated delivery: -
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We will name a character after you!! But hurry because there are a limited number available!
An official Into Girls sticker!!!
A Facebook shout out!Estimated delivery: -
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0 backers
You will get to pitch a story idea to the director/creators over a skype!!
An Into Girls official sticker!!
A Facebook shout out!Estimated delivery:Only ships to: United States -
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4 backers
You will receive an Executive producer credit on our series!!
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Funding period
- (22 days)


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Business and Industry Petitions - Page 717
Online petitions related to business and industry, hosted at iPetitions, the leading site for online activism and grassroots democracy. Online petitions in this category include petitions on corporate activity, petitions demanding greater business accountability, and petitions drawing attention to industrial or corporate wrongdoing. Use an online petition to hold a company accountable and to change corporate behavior.
Create your own petition- Keep Miguel in Chicago
Miguel Meza is one of my students who is being deported to Mexico. I am working with him to help fil... - Nevermind
Really Nevermind - none
- Stop Tail Docking
Please stop tail docking on dogs/puppies it is very cruel and hurtful to do that to dogs/puppies - NY State Hospitality Workers Want to Work Doubles!
By signing this petition, I affirm that I am employee of the hospitality industry in New York State,... - iPad repair
iphone diagnostic iPad accessories iPad repair - Emergency Petition to Decommission the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant (to TEPCO)
Mr. Tsunehisa KatsumataChairman, Tokyo Electric Power Company, Incorporated (TEPCO) Dear Sir, &... - 緊急署名 ただちに福島原発すべての「廃炉」を決めてください(東京電力宛)
東京電力株式会社・取締役会長 勝俣 恒久様 福島原発事故による被害の重大さを真摯に受けとめ、ただちに福島原発の「廃炉」を決めてください。≪要請事項≫ ただちに福島原発(福島第一原発、福島第二原発 ... - Resignation of Marissa Sanders
West Virginia Deaf Caucus demanded Marissa Sanders, the Executive Director to resign. If you want Ma... - ***
* - Australian WarRock Players should be moved from the Middle East server back to the South American Server
This petition will be put to Gamersfirst as a community backing for the Australian WarRock players t... - La Justice pour 800 civils tués a Duékoué / Justice for 800 civilians killed in Duékoué Ivory Coast on the 29 march 2011
To ; United nations USA Congress China African union Russia mar, 05/04... - stophydroone
Ontario Energy Board My husband and I, along with the majority of Hydro One users, I'm sure, are ext... - Keep Perry West Perry Elementary School Open
The strengths inherent in small schools clearly support characteristics and practices associ... - the


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The new Yardbarker app is here! Install on your iPhone, iPad or Android device. You can also find us in Google Newsstand.
Wild acquire Chris Stewart, Jordan Leopold
The Minnesota Wild made two moves prior to Monday's trade deadline.
The Wild acquired Chris Stewart from the Sabres and sent Buffalo a econd-round pick in the 2017 draft.
The Stewart deal came shortly after Minnesota acquired defenseman Jordan Leopold from the Columbus Blue Jacketsfor Justin Falk and a fifth-round pick.
Stewart, 27, has 11 goals and 25 points in 61...
Via Sports-Glory
2 days ago
3rd and 4th lines power Wild to 4-2 win in Nashville
NASHVILLE, TN – OCTOBER 08: Ryan Suter #20 of the Minnesota Wild skates against Craig Smith #15 of the Nashville Predators at Bridgestone Arena on October 8, 2013 in Nashville, Tennessee. (Photo by Frederick Breedon/Getty Images)
Well considering that things didn't go quite accordingly to plan on Tuesday night against Edmonton, tonight needs to be a re-set game. Tonight is the...
Via State of Hockey News
6 days ago
NBC has a full schedule for Hockey Day in America
Get ready to sit on the couch, hockey fans. Hockey Day in America is Sunday, February 22nd and NBC has a day stuffed with NHL games, studio coverage from Lake Placid and special segments regarding hockey in America.
NBC and NBCSN will air a total of three games on Sunday: Capitals-Flyers, Bruins-Blackhawks and Wild-Stars. Surrounding the game will be on-site coverage from Lake Placid...
Via Awful Announcing
14 days ago
Ryan Suter suspended two games.
Ryan Suter couldn't cry is way out of being suspended.
Minnesota's Ryan Suter suspended two games for elbowing Pittsburgh's Steve Downie. Video: http://t.co/z1fi484kUX
— NHL Player Safety (@NHLPlayerSafety) January 15, 2015
Looking back on last nights game this was the lone reaction from anyone of Steve Downie's teammates:
Gee, Adams don't get so worked up. Save that...
Via The Pensblog
January 14, 2015
GIF: Ryan Suter elbows Steve Downie in the face
Ryan Suter may be in hot water with the NHL after he delivered a pretty nasty elbow to the face of Steve Downie. As Downie tried to pass, Suter tried to get a piece of him and his elbow flew up high into Downie's face. It's difficult to decipher intent, but it looks like a hit worthy of a suspension.
Was there a penalty on the play? Of course not. This is the NHL and nothing...
Via Puck Drunk Love
January 13, 2015
WATCH: Ryan Suter delivers ugly elbow to Downie's face
Minnesota Wild defenseman Ryan Suter typically isn't considered a dirty player around the National Hockey League, but he'll likely be getting a call from the Department of Player Safety after this play on Tuesday night. During the Wild's contest against the Penguing in Pittsburgh, Suter caught Pens forward Steve Downie up high with an elbow
Article found on: Next Impulse Sports
Via Next Impulse Sports
January 13, 2015
Bob Suter, Member Of 1980 'Miracle On Ice' USA Hockey Team, Dies At 57
Bob Suter, a member of the "Miracle On Ice" team that won the Olympic gold medal in 1980 and the father of Minnesota Wild star Ryan Suter, died Tuesday at the age of 57.
The Wild announced Suter's death and called him "a great hockey ambassador, he was a terrific person off the ice who will be greatly missed." The team did not disclose other details.
Suter is the first...
Olympics is a Suter family tradition
ST. PAUL, Minn. -- A young Ryan Suter took one of the most historic hockey artifacts and simply tossed it into his locker.
There, the 1980 Olympic hockey gold medal won by his dad, Bob, would sit for days, sometimes a week. To Ryan, the son of one of the players on the iconic "Miracle on Ice" 1980 USA hockey team, the medal was a neat souvenir. He would bring the medal to school...
Via Fox Sports North
February 06, 2014
Minnesota Wild: What to do with the defense next season
With the NHL's March 5th trade deadline quickly approaching, the Minnesota Wild sits in a difficult spot as they sit several points behind the elites of the conference. It is nearly impossible to pinpoint exactly what teams will be looking for upgrades in the offseason, but it is certain that the blue line will be altered prior to next season.
There are several areas in which the...
Via isportsweb.com
February 03, 2014
Ryan Suter records unlikeliest of hat tricks in Wild win
ST. PAUL, Minn. -- Ryan Suter is the quiet professional, willing to let his play on the ice for the Minnesota Wild do his talking for him.
His play did a lot of talking Saturday night, turning Suter into a comedian after the game.
Suter had the first hat trick of his NHL career to lead Minnesota to a 5-3 win against the Washington Capitals on Sunday, the first hat trick Suter said...
Via Fox Sports North
January 05, 2014
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U.S. Navy Capt. Bruce H. Lindsey, commanding officer aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson, holds the national flag during a burial at sea in the Pacific Ocean, Dec, 27, 2010. Carl Vinson and Carrier Air Wing 17 are on a deployment to the U.S. 7th and U.S. 5th Fleet areas of responsibility. U.S. Navy photo by Petty Officer 3rd Class Travis K. Mendoza
2010 Imagery Year in Review - These images are the highlights of the past year's events produced by the Defense Department's military and civilian photographers and posted on Defenseimagery.mil site. DOD Photographers
Operation Welcome Home volunteers and eager family members greet U.S. military members at the Baltimore-Washington International Thurgood Marshall Airport, Md., Dec. 22, 2010. The troops returned to the United States for the holidays after months of service abroad. DOD photo by Army Sgt. 1st Class Michael J. Carden
U.S. Navy Seabees secure and fortify a combat outpost in Diwar, Afghanistan, Dec. 19, 2010. The Seabees, assigned to Naval Mobile Construction Battalions 40, 18 and 26. U.S. Navy photo by Chief Petty Officer Michael B. Watkins
U.S. Ambassador to Afghanistan Karl Eikenberry and U.S. Navy Adm. Mike Mullen, chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, conduct a press conference in Kabul, Afghanistan, Dec.17, 2010. DOD photo by U.S. Navy Petty Officer 1st Class Chad J. McNeeley
U.S. Navy Petty Officer 2nd Class Ahkyi Derricks, right, talks with U.S. Navy Seaman Christopher Dipasquale as they prepare a helicopter for launch aboard the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson off the coast of southern California, Dec. 10, 2010. The USS Carl Vinson crew is training for a deployment to the western Pacific Ocean. U.S. Navy photo by Petty Officer 2nd Class James Evans
U.S. Army Spc. Erik Martin uses a footbridge to cross a river during a dismounted patrol in Khwazi village, Afghanistan, Dec. 14, 2010. Martin is a member of the Zabul Provincial Reconstruction Team. U.S. Air Force photo by Staff Sgt. Brian Ferguson
U.S. Army Gen. David Petraeus, commander of NATO's International Security Assistance Force, shakes the hand of an Afghan National Civil Order Police patrolman in Kabul, Afghanistan, Dec. 14, 2010. Petraeus visited leaders there at the conclusion of the order's three-day leadership seminar. U.S. Army photo by Pamela Smith
DoD Celebrates African American History Month
℠2015- Lieutenant General Robert Ferrell shares his thoughts on diversity...
RADM Kirby Briefs Press on U.S. Presence in Liberia
℠2015 - Pentagon Press Secretary Rear Admiral John Kirby briefs the press...
Armed with Science Acknowledges Leonard Nimoy's Passing
℠2015 – The Defense Department's science and technology blog pays tribute to...
DoD Awards Reserve Units
℠2015 - DoD officials presented the 2014 Department of Defense Reserve Family...


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Opower QA Engineer Salary
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What does NDF mean in Physiology?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand NDF in the Medical field in general and in the Physiology terminology in particular.
Nano-colloidal Detox Factor
Find a translation for NDF in other languages:
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Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"NDF." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 1 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/103156>.
NDF also stands for:
- National Debate Forum
- National Decertification Funds
- National Defence Fund
- National Defense Fund
- National Democratic Front
... and 26 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
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PoliticsSyrian forces 'shell Latakia' for third day Activists say 29 killed since operation began, while troops and tanks reportedly move into towns in Homs province. 15 Aug 2011 09:46 GMT | Politics, Middle East, US & Canada, Canada, Saudi Arabia Syrian tanks have reportedly shelled a residential district in Latakia as the assault on the port city continued for a third day, according to residents. At least one person was killed in Monday's attacks, according to activists, bringing the total killed to 29 since security forces moved into areas of the city on Saturday. Al Jazeera's Nisreen El-Shamayleh, reporting from Ramtha on the Syria-Jordan border, said additional military reinforcement has reportedly been deployed around the al-Ramel neighbourhood on Monday. "We understand from the local co-ordinating committee that at around 6am local time some women and children in the al-Ramel neighbourhood were trying to flee to nearby al-Tamra," she said. "Syrian forces verbally allowed them to pass through, but then opened fire on the families. One man was killed and several women and children were injured. Women and children are still trying to flee besieged neighbourhoods, but men are refraining from doing so because many of them are wanted, she said. "We also understand additional military reinforcements have been deployed around the al-Ramel neighbourhood, which is forcing many residents to try to flee." Syrian troops backed by tanks also entered several towns in the central province of Homs, a flashpoint of pro-democracy demonstrations. "The community of Hula is under siege ... The army is carrying out raids and arrests under the cover of heavy gunfire," the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said. Al Jazeera is unable to independently verify details because of restrictions on reporting in Syria. Navy shells city The continued assualt on Latakia comes a day after Syrian warships and tanks opened fire on al-Ramel, according to reports. A resident said at least three gunboats had taken part in Sunday's offensive, the first time the navy has been deployed in President Bashar al-Assad's months-long crackdown on pro-democracy protesters. "Many homes have been destroyed and the shabiha have broken into shops and businesses," he said, referring to pro-government gangs. Live Box 20117693233259422 Victims of the attack included two Palestinian men from a refugee camp in al-Ramel, according to the National Organisation for Human Rights in Syria (NOHRS). A spokesman for the UN refugee agency UNRWA, Chris Gunness, said reports from the camp described "fire from tanks which have encircled the area as well as fire from ships at sea". Rami Abdul Rahman, head of the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, said one of the dead was a two-year-old girl who was in a car with her father when security forces at a checkpoint opened fire. Elsewhere on Sunday, NOHRS said two people had been killed in Homs, one in Hama and one in Idlib. Around the capital, Damascus, "security forces entered Saqba and Hamriya in great numbers and launched a campaign of arrests," according to the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. The government has justified its crackdown by saying it is dealing with terrorist gangs and criminals who are fomenting unrest.Source: Al Jazeera and agencies
Syrian navy 'shells city of Latakia' Activists say 25 people killed as warships and tanks reportedly shell the northern port in an ongoing assault. Politics, Middle East, US & Canada, Canada, Saudi Arabia
Syrian army 'enters western coastal city' Deaths reported in Latakia and Deir ez-Zor, a day after activists said at least 17 people were killed in protests. Politics, Middle East, US & Canada, Norway, Saudi Arabia
The other side of Somalia's pirates Poisoned waters and illegal fishing drove Somalis into sea piracy to feed families, according to relatives. Human Rights, Poverty & Development, Environment
The most powerful mafia you've never heard of Italy's 'Ndrangheta crime syndicate is believed haul in more revenue than many Fortune 500 companies. Italy, Crime, Europe
New Afghan militia sets its sights on ISIL 'Marg' vigilante group vows to safeguard northern Afghanistan from armed factions amid reports of ISIL infiltration. War & Conflict, Asia, Afghanistan
Devastation and disease after deadly Malawi floods Tens of thousands stranded after southern Africa country's record floods face rising risk of disease outbreak. Humanitarian crises, Africa, Malawi
Syrian navy 'shells city of Latakia' Activists say 25 people killed as warships and tanks reportedly shell the northern port in an ongoing assault. Politics, Middle East, US & Canada, Canada, Saudi Arabia
Syrian army 'enters western coastal city' Deaths reported in Latakia and Deir ez-Zor, a day after activists said at least 17 people were killed in protests. Politics, Middle East, US & Canada, Norway, Saudi Arabia
Russian opposition leader Nemtsov shot dead in Moscow Boris Nemtsov, a former deputy PM and Putin critic, shot several times from a passing car in shooting near the Kremlin. Politics, Russia, Vladimir Putin, Europe
Bangladesh protesters denounce killing of blogger Hundreds of people gather in Dhaka calling for police action, day after Avijit Roy, a US national, was hacked to death. War & Conflict, Politics, Asia, Bangladesh
The SystemProsecutorial MisconductThe System examines two cases where prosecutorial misconduct may have led to wrongful imprisonment. Crime, Law, United States
Talk to Al JazeeraPrince Ali of Jordan: 'Bring back FIFA's reputation'The FIFA presidential candidate explains why he is challenging Sepp Blatter and how he plans to reform the organisation.Sport, Middle East, FIFA
Al Jazeera WorldAhalil: Music of the Red OasisThe music of the Algerian Sahara, known as Ahalil, is a key part of a way of life that has survived for centuries.Arts & Culture, Algeria, Music
People & PowerKilling the BallPeople & Power investigates how a match-fixer and his syndicate corrupted global football.Sport, Football, Corruption