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The federal Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility has begun to thaw the frozen CMBS market, and some deals are being structured without TALF support. But issuers are obtaining more favorable terms in TALF-supported offerings, and all of the offerings to date have involved single-borrower entities.
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The Right Citigroup Stock Call: Paulson or Soros?
(Soros-Paulson-Citigroup poll story updated for Treasury sale, Friday trading)
NEW YORK ( TheStreet) -- The past week began and ended with some pretty big financial players revealing details about their stakes in Citigroup (C - Get Report).
To close the week on Friday, the Treasury Department said that the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) was going to cost the U.S. taxpayer a lot less than previously forecast -- $11.4 billion less, according to a new estimate that the Treasury sent to Congress. U.S. taxpayers enraged by the TARP program blank check written to the banks had one bank, in particular, to thank for the reduced TARP price tag, Citigroup.
The Treasury said on Friday that TARP repayments of $190 billion were higher than previously anticipated, and that its stake of 7.7 billion shares in Citigroup was the primary driver.
The Treasury cited the March 31 Citigroup share price of $4.05 in its Friday announcement -- or 80 cents more per share than the price at which Treasury converted the megabank's preferred stock into common equity. On April 26, the Treasury said it was selling 20% of its 7.7 billion Citigroup shares. On the day previous to the Treasury sale announcement, Citi shares had closed at $4.86. Citigroup shares ended this Friday up more than 3% -- though less than some of its biggest bank competitors -- as the financial sector rallied after the Senate passed the financial reform bill, ending the regulatory uncertainty. The Treasury is not the only major Citigroup investor who has been busy trying to time its sale of the bank's shares as Citigroup rides the long road to recovery, either. On Monday, another round of 13F filings from the hedge fund heavyweights George Soros of Soros Fund Management and John Paulson of Paulson & Company revealed their quarterly portfolio decisions. The quarterly update to the public stocks that the hedge fund managers have been buying and selling always attracts a lot of attention, even though the information is backward-looking. Given the lag on the release of the portfolio information, the stock buys and sells of the hedge fund masters can be most interesting when they are at odds with each other on a particular big name stock, as it turns out, Soros and Paulson were over shares of Citigroup in the first quarter. In the fourth quarter 2009 quarterly holdings update from both hedge fund managers, released back in February, bothThe Street's Take Sell Citigroup!: Against the Grain |
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- Articles tagged "ux301"
ASUS Gives HWZ Members an Exclusive Hands-on Session with New Zenbooks
Over a weekend, ASUS and HardwareZone organized a cozy hands-on session that gave our forum members an exclusive look at the new Zenbook UX301 and Zenbook UX302 notebooks. Check out what took place at the local ASUS office!
ASUS Launches New Range of Products Focusing on Transformation
ASUS today launched a slew of products that range from desktops to phones, with a heavy emphasis on "transformation". One such product that embodies the transformation theme is the ASUS Transformer Book Trio, which transforms into a desktop, notebook or tablet. Read on to find out more about the launch!
- After much anticipation, ASUS finally launches the Transformer Book Chi T300
- Nikon releases the pricing and availability for 5 Coolpix models and a D810 kit set
- Sony announces launch of four Full-frame E-mount lenses and two teleconverters
- ASUS implements USB 3.1 functionality on motherboards and new add-in cards
- Office 2016 for Mac now available as a free preview
- Xiaomi to launch Redmi 2 in Singapore on March 10?
- Xiaomi's action camera is way cheaper than GoPro and Sony's most affordable models
- NVIDIA unveils the new GeForce GTX Titan X graphics card
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Kieu Giang Late actor Robin Williams, whose name is on top of Google's global trending searches in 2014 - PHOTO: REUTERS The report showcases the people, topics, events, and places that captured the world's attention this year, from overall global trends to hundreds of the top 10 lists of trending topics across pop culture, sports, music, politics, news, and more from over 70 countries. This is Google's 14th annual yearly look at the trillions of searches performed globally throughout the year. Robin Williams is on top of the global trending searches' chart, followed by "World Cup," "Ebola," "MH370," "ALS Ice Bucket Challenge," "Flappy Bird" (a game developed by a local developer), "Conchita Wurst", an Austrian stage drag queen who won Eurovision Song Contest 2014 in Denmark, "ISIS," "Frozen," and "Sochi Olympics." According to Google, people have had more active searches. For example, in the wake of the disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, … [Read more...]
Dance, electro music in vogue in Vietnam market
In recent years, remixing pop, love, and even patriotic music into dance/electro rhythms has become increasingly popular in Vietnam. Tuoi Tre" /> The most recent dance/electro hit is "Con Buom Xuan" (Spring Butterfly), the translated version of a Chinese song from the 1960s, "China Cha Cha Cha." The song, remixed by young singer Ho Quang Hieu into dance music, instantly created quite a stir in the local music market and can now be heard everywhere, particularly during Tet (Vietnam's Lunar New Year). It has attracted millions of views so far on YouTube. Although several other singers also perform the song, Hieu has profited the most from it, as he has received many show offers and earned some VND40-50 million (up to US$2,358) a month in royalties from cell phone services and online views and downloads. The upbeat, cheerful song has inspired some hundred dance clips based on it both within and outside the country. An overseas Vietnamese student … [Read more...]
Beloved book still enchants after 70 years
HA NOI (VNS)— Many illustrative paintings depicting scenes from the beloved children's tale De Men Phieu Luu Ky (Adventures of a Cricket), written by To Hoai, are currently on display at the Ha Noi Writers Association to celebrate 70 years since the book's release. Cricket capers: A man and his son look at different versions of De Men Phieu Luu Ky (Adventures of a Cricket) in an exhibit celebrating the book's 70th birthday. — VNS Photo Minh Thu The story was printed in 37 languages and is popular in many countries in the world. Each new edition comes with new illustrations and interpretations, allowing the world of the cricket and his friends to become closer and clearer to children, according to Hoai, who is now 93. Many different illustrated copies of the tale printed in Vietnamese and other languages are on display at the association's office on 29 Hang Buom Street, Ha Noi. The book is about the adventures of a cricket who leaves his nest and travels to different places. He … [Read more...]
Online dialogue on the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long – Hanoi and its traditional values
Dear readers, Today, the Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper is holding an online dialogue on the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long - Hanoi and its traditional values. The dialogue will prolong three hours from 8.30 a.m to 11.30 a.m. This is a activity to provide information about the plan No 85-KH/BTGTW of the Party Central Committee's Commission on Propaganda and Education to implement a cooperation programme on propaganda on the 1000th anniversary of Thang Long - Hanoi between the Party Central Committee's Commission on Propaganda and Education and Hanoi City. Following are scientists and historians who will participate in the dialogue: - Prof. Dr.Sc. Vu Minh Giang, vice-director of Vietnam National University, Hanoi. - Assc. Prof. Dr.Sc. Nguyen Hai Ke, head of History Department, College of Social Science and Humanity, Vietnam National University, Hanoi. - Assc. Prof. of History Le Van Lan The Communist Party of Vietnam Online Newspaper organizes this online dialogue with … [Read more...]
U.S. says Malaysia offers to host spy planes that irk China
File picture shows a P-8A Poseidon before a flight to assist in search and rescue operations for missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 in Kuala Lumpur March 18, 2014. Photo: AFP The top U.S. Navy officer said this week that Malaysia has offered to let the United States use one of its bases for a detachment of new maritime surveillance planes, but officials clarified on Friday that no such flights had been approved. U.S. surveillance flights from a country such as Malaysia would likely increase friction with Beijing. Malaysia and China have competing territorial claims in the South China Sea, and Beijing has been pressing the United States to halt flights near its coast after an incident in international air space last month. Admiral Jonathan Greenert, the U.S. chief of naval operations, said in remarks in Washington on Monday that "recently the Malaysians have offered us to fly detachments of P-8s out of ... East Malaysia," referring to the Navy's new anti-submarine and … [Read more...]
U.S. official: Missile shot down Malaysia Airlines plane
A Malaysia Airlines passenger jet crashed in a rebel-controlled part of eastern Ukraine on Thursday, spurring swift accusations from Ukrainian officials that "terrorists" shot down the aircraft. The United States has concluded a missile shot down the plane, but hasn't pinpointed who was responsible, a senior U.S. official told CNN's Barbara Starr. The Boeing 777 with 298 people aboard fell from the sky near the town of Torez in the Donetsk region of eastern Ukraine, officials said. A top Ukrainian official said the plane, which was on the way from Amsterdam to Kuala Lumpur, was flying at about 10,000 meters (nearly 33,000 feet) when the missile hit. A radar system saw a surface-to-air missile system turn on and track an aircraft right before the plane went down, the senior U.S. official said. A second system saw a heat signature at the time the airliner was hit, the official said. The United States is analyzing the trajectory of the missile to try to learn where the attack came … [Read more...]
Pings driving MH370 hunt not likely from black box: US official
SYDNEY - Acoustic transmissions at the heart of the search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 are no longer believed to have come from the plane's black box, a US Navy official said on Thursday. The Navy's deputy director of ocean engineering Michael Dean told CNN there was now broad international agreement that they came from some other man-made source unrelated to the jet that disappeared on March 8, carrying 239 people. But the Navy took issue with Dean's comments, which threaten to plunge the marathon and costly search into new confusion and extend the agony of relatives who are desperate for closure. Dean said if the ping-emitting beacons, detected in early April in the southern Indian Ocean, were from the on-board data or voice recorders they would have been found by now. "Our best theory at this point is that (the pings were) likely some sound produced by the ship... or within the electronics of the towed pinger locator," Dean said. "Always your fear any time you put … [Read more...]
Acoustic pings at heart of MH370 hunt "not likely from black box"
Four acoustic transmissions that have been the focus of the search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 are no longer believed to have come from the plane's black box, a US navy official said. File photo: Australian Defence personnel on HMAS Perth in the search for the missing Malaysia Airlines plane in the southern Indian Ocean. (AFP/Australian Defence/Abis Nicolas Gonzalez) SYDNEY: Four acoustic transmissions that have been the focus of the search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 are no longer believed to have come from the plane's black box, a US navy official said on Thursday. The Navy's deputy director of ocean engineering Michael Dean told CNN there was now broad agreement that they came from some other man-made source unrelated to the jet that disappeared on March 8 carrying 239 people. He said if the ping-emitting beacons had come from the plane's onboard data or voice recorders they would have been found by now. "Our best theory at this point is that (the … [Read more...]
Acoustic pings at heart of MH370 hunt not likely from black box: US
A series of acoustic transmissions at the heart of the search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 are no longer believed to have come from the plane's black box, a US navy official said Thursday. The Navy's deputy director of ocean engineering Michael Dean told CNN there was now broad agreement that they came from some other man-made source unrelated to the jet that disappeared on March 8 carrying 239 people. He said if the ping-emitting beacons, detected in early April, were from the onboard data or voice recorders they would have been found by now. "Our best theory at this point is that (the pings were) likely some sound produced by the ship ... or within the electronics of the towed pinger locator," Dean said. "Always your fear any time you put electronic equipment in the water is that if any water gets in and grounds or shorts something out, that you could start producing sound." He said it was not possible to absolutely exclude that the pings came from the black … [Read more...]
2 pandas arrive in Malaysia from China after delay
Two giant pandas arrived in Malaysia from China on Wednesday after a one-month delay due to the missing Malaysian jetliner. Cages of two giant pandas, Fu Wa, left, and Feng Yi, transported from China, arrive at a cargo terminal of Kuala Lumpur International Airport in Sepang, Malaysia, Wednesday, May 21, 2014. Two giant pandas arrived in Malaysia from China on Wednesday after a one-month delay due to the missing Malaysian jetliner. Male Fu Wa and female Feng Yi, both 8 years old, are on a 10-year loan from China to commemorate the 40th anniversary of diplomatic ties between the two countries. Upon their arrival in a special plane, they were taken to a specially built complex at Malaysia's national zoo outside Kuala Lumpur, where they'll be quarantined for a month before receiving visitors. The pandas' scheduled arrival last month was postponed out of respect for relatives of passengers aboard Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. The plane vanished while flying from Kuala Lumpur to … [Read more...]
Malaysia to release satellite data on missing jet
Malaysia said Tuesday it will publicly release satellite data used to narrow down the search for the missing jetliner to the southern Indian Ocean. The Civil Aviation Department and British company Inmarsat in a joint statement said they would do this "in line with our commitment to greater transparency." Some family members of the 239 people on the plane have demanded raw satellite data to be made public for independent analysis. The government says calculations using Inmarsat data showed Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 veered off course and ended in the Indian Ocean after it went missing March 8 while flying from Kuala Lumpur to Beijing. No wreckage has been found, and an underwater hunt led by Australia continues. Authorities believe the plane was flown deliberately off course, but are still investigating the cause of the disappearance. "In moving forward, it is imperative for us to provide helpful information to the next of kin and general public, which will include the data … [Read more...]
Vietnam defends its role in Flight 370 case
Vietnam civil aviation officials gave an explanation for a 17-minute ATC call gap and denied Vietnam's responsibility for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370. Malaysia Airlines' plane In a report into the disappearance of MH370 and to explain a 4-hour delay before the official search for the plane was launched, Malaysian officials said that a Vietnamese Air Traffic Controllers (ATC) breached protocol by taking 17 minutes instead of five to let Malaysian controllers know that it had lost contact with the plane. Lai Xuan Thanh, Director of Vietnam Civil Aviation Administration, admitted their fault for the delay, saying they would learn from the incident. Thanh said, aside from being slow to contact Malaysian controllers, all procedures had been followed. He said, "After realising that we had lost contact with MH370, controllers in HCM City used an emergency frequency, asked other planes to try to contact MH370 and asked for help from nearby air … [Read more...]
Searchers dispute company's claim that it may have found aircraft wreckage
A private company declared that it has found what it believes is wreckage of a plane in the ocean, but leaders of the search for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 are dismissing the claim. The reasons for the skepticism are obvious -- the site where GeoResonance says it found the wreckage, in the Bay of Bengal, is several thousand miles away from the current search area in the southern Indian Ocean. The Joint Agency Coordination Centre, which is coordinating the multinational search, dismissed the claim. "The Australian-led search is relying on information from satellite and other data to determine the missing aircraft's location," the JACC said. "The location specified by the GeoResonance report is not within the search arc derived from this data. The joint international team is satisfied that the final resting place of the missing aircraft is in the southerly portion of the search arc." Malaysian acting Transportation Minister Hishammuddin Hussein said Malaysia … [Read more...]
Australia sees 'regroup' on Malaysian plane search in a few days
Australia will decide in a few days whether to alter or scale back the search for missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370, but will consult all countries involved on any changes, Australia's ambassador to the United States said on Sunday. Kim Beazley told CNN the search countries would "regroup and reconsider" if nothing is found in a section of the Indian Ocean floor now being scanned by a U.S. Navy underwater drone. This includes adjustments to the air and sea surface search efforts and the possibility of bringing in private contractors to replace some military assets, he said. "Obviously that's one of the things you're going to consider. You may well also consider bringing in other underwater search equipment," Beazley said on the "State of the Union with Candy Crowley" program. "All these sorts of things will be on the table if nothing is found in the next few days," he added. The search coordinators also may reassess the mathematical calculations used in trying to pinpoint the … [Read more...]
MH370: Undersea search could cost a quarter billion dollars, official says
A prolonged undersea search for the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 could cost nearly a quarter of a billion U.S. dollars if private companies are used, Australia's top transport official said Thursday. Martin Dolan emphasized that the $234 million price tag is a "ballpark rough estimate" of an extended search and salvage mission that includes an underwater vehicle that has come up empty in its first four missions. The Bluefin-21 is back at work Friday morning on a fifth trip into the southern Indian Ocean. Authorities said the vessel has scanned a total of 110 square kilometers (42.5 square miles) without making any "contacts of interest." Searchers seem to be preparing for the possibility that an underwater drone scan of the southern Indian Ocean may not yield debris from the plane immediately. Malaysia's acting transport minister, Hishammuddin Hussein, tweeted Friday that authorities are looking at deploying more unmanned underwater probes. Officials might consider … [Read more...]
Faster Wi-Fi on flights leads to battle in the sky
A woman uses her mobile phone to test a new high speed inflight Internet service named Fli-Fi while on a special JetBlue media flight out of John F. Kennedy International Airport in New York December 2013 Wi-Fi in the sky is taking off, promising much better connections for travelers and a bonanza for the companies that sell the systems. With satellite-based Wi-Fi, Internet speeds on jetliners are getting lightning fast. And airlines are finding that travelers expect connections in the air to rival those on the ground - and at lower cost. But the fast evolution of rival systems and standards, such as Ku band and Ka band, pose a big question for airlines: which one to choose? Equipping fleets can cost hundreds of millions of dollars, and airlines don't want to see their investment quickly become outdated due to newer technology. That's made some cautious about signing up. "We don't want to end up with a Betamax," said Peter Ingram, chief financial officer of Hawaiian Airlines, … [Read more...]
MH370 black box searchers go another day without signals
A woman ties a message card for passengers onboard the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 at a shopping mall in Petaling Jaya, near Kuala Lumpur on April 10, 2014. Authorities hunting for the black boxes on the missing Malaysian Air (MAS) jet have gone another day without detecting their weakening signals after optimism from Australia that the search location has narrowed. "There have been no confirmed acoustic detections over the past 24 hours," Australia's Joint Agency Coordination Centre said today. Prime Minister Tony Abbott said yesterday the hunt for flight-data and cockpit-voice recorders was focused "within some kilometers" of the black boxes under the Indian Ocean. Four signals detected between April 5 and 8 with the towed pinger locator pulled by Australia vessel Ocean Shield helped tighten the hunt for the Malaysian Airline System Bhd. plane. Hopes of a breakthrough dissipated yesterday when JACC said that an initial assessment of a fifth potential transmission, picked … [Read more...]
Australian PM confident sounds are from Flight 370
Authorities are confident that signals detected deep below the surface of the Indian Ocean are coming from the missing Malaysian jet's black boxes, Australia's prime minister said Friday, raising hopes officials may eventually solve one of the most perplexing aviation mysteries of all time. In this Thursday, April 3, 2014 file photo, Australian Prime Minister Tony Abbott speaks as Malaysia Prime Minister Najib Razak, left, looks on during a breakfast with crew members from different countries involved in the search for wreckage and debris of the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 in Perth, Australia. Tony Abbott told reporters in Shanghai, China, that crews hunting for Flight 370 have zeroed in on a more targeted area in their search for the source of the sounds, first heard on Saturday. "We have very much narrowed down the search area and we are very confident that the signals that we are detecting are from the black box on MH370," Abbott said. … [Read more...]
Australian ship reacquires pinger signals in jet search
A school utility worker mops a mural depicting the missing Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 at the Benigno "Ninoy" Aquino High School campus in Makati city, east of Manila, on April 8, 2014. An Australian ship reacquired signals during a search for the missing Malaysian plane while an analysis of previous pings confirmed the sounds were consistent with those emitted by black boxes. The Ocean Shield, pulling a U.S. Navy towed pinger locator, detected a signal for five minutes and 32 seconds yesterday afternoon and later in the night heard a ping for about 7 minutes, said retired Air Chief Marshal Angus Houston, who heads Australia's Joint Agency Coordination Centre. The vessel, which earlier picked up two sounds, is now searching a smaller area. No debris has been found, Houston said. "We are searching in the right area, but we need to visually identify aircraft wreckage before we can confirm with certainty this is the final resting place of MH370," Houston told reporters in Perth. … [Read more...]
Mystery of MH370 "may never be solved"
Even if searchers are able to miraculously pluck Malaysia Airlines flight 370's "black box" from the depths of the vast Indian Ocean, experts say it may not solve one of aviation's greatest mysteries. Malaysia's Minister of Defence and Acting Transport Minister Hishammuddin Hussein (C) hugs a relative of passengers aboard the missing Malaysia Airlines flight MH370 at a closed-door meeting in Putrajaya. He assured the relatives that search and rescue efforts for MH370 will not cease. (AFP) >> MH370 search draws blank Kuala Lumpur - Even if searchers are able to miraculously pluck Malaysia Airlines flight 370's "black box" from the depths of the vast Indian Ocean, experts say it may not solve one of aviation's greatest mysteries. Planes, ships and state-of-the-art tracking equipment are hunting for any trace of the passenger jet, which Malaysia said crashed in the forbidding waters after veering far from its intended course. They face a huge challenge … [Read more...]


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Release of Information to an Individual
Get help to open an application form or to complete an application form in the Help Centre.
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- Authority to Release Personal Information to a Designated Individual [IMM 5475] (PDF, 39 KB) December 2004
Use this form if you want to allow Citizenship and Immigration Canada (CIC) to release your personal information to someone you choose. The person you choose will be able to get information on your case file, such as the status of your application.
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It promotes real corporate activities for the prospective entrepreneurs.
It is the Centre for knowledge.
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Palak Jain (MBA)
Govindam believes that failure is not an option and we are trained to move towards our goal to achieve success in life.
Sanjana Vaishnoi (BCA)
The college offers us the basic and additional attributes that an MBA aspires for. The faculty and the office staff members of the institution gives us 24/
Anamika Anant (MBA)
At the institute we are guided and directed towards our goal in a manner such that we can stand today's rapidly changing scenario and intense competi
Shalu Sinha (BBA)
I am proud to say that I am a student of GBS. It is one of the good B – School providing all the facilities to the students. The infrastructure of th
Neha Dang (MBA)
The Lecture Halls at Govindam are spacious and scientifically designed to ensure that each student has sufficient space, and each faculty member has the facilities necessary for addressing a large audience. In addition, each Lecture Hall is equipped with specialized teaching aids such as overhead projectors, multimedia projectors etc. These Lecture Halls, therefore, make classroom teaching and learning an enjoyable and fruitful experience for the students as well as faculty members. Display boards have been put up in all the lecture halls which serve as platforms for encouraging creativity and increasing awareness among the students. All these rooms are properly ventilated and well-lit, with abundant natural light as well as additional lighting options all the time.
Sahil Chauhan (Reliance)
Sumit Raghav (Crystal)
Rahul Singh (Danik Jagran)
Ajit Kumar (Doosan Power)
Neha Gulati (Zee News)
If someone is going down the wrong road, he doesn't need motivation to speed him up. What he needs is education to turn him around.
A successful man is one who can lay a firm foundation with the bricks others have thrown at him.
We are here to add what we can to life, not to get what we can from it.
If you wait to be GIVEN something in life, you are in for a lifelong wait.
Patience is the key to paradise.
Winning is not everything, but wanting to win is.
Worry gives a small thing a big shadow.
No man will succeed unless he is ready to face and overcome difficulties and prepared to assume responsibilities.
Life is too deep for words. so don't try to describe it - just live it.
Give the world the best you have, and the best will come to you.
In the hunt of beautiful tomorrow, Do not waste your wonderful today…
Power is the ability to influence the decisions of others.
The only certain means of success is to render more and better service than is expected of you, no matter what your task may be.
First man makes Habits,
And then Habits make man.
Hence, always make a Habit of inculcating
new, good qualities in yourself.
Success is to be measured not so much by the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome.
A problem is a chance for you to do your best.
Put your heart, mind, intellect and soul even to your smallest acts. That is the secret to success.
Beautiful tomorrow never comes. When it comes, it is already Today….
Formal education will make you a living; self-education will make you a fortune.
It's all about quality of life and finding a happy balance between work and friends and family.
Life becomes harder for us when we live for others, but it also becomes richer and happier.
Education is the ability to listen almost anything without losing your temper or your self-confidence.
The Ability to convert ideas to things is the secret to outward success.
Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.


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Laura Brett Photography
Alpharetta's Premier Newborn Photographer | Atlanta Baby Photographer | Atlanta Newborn Photographer
Category Archives: BabyFive – {Atlanta | Marietta Newborn Baby Photographer}"A hundred hearts would be too few To carry all my love for you." – Unknown Kyan…..pronouncedView full post » Happy Birthday to the Big Girl – {Atlanta Newborn Posing Workshop}Sady, our loving basset hound celebrated a big milestone yesterday on Halloween…..the big 10. We've hadView full post » Isabela – {Atlanta | Duluth Newborn Baby Photographer}We love watching babies grow! Look at Miss Isabela at her newborn session and now at 7 months. Thanks to the H familyView full post » Happy Friday – {Atlanta | Smyrna Newborn Baby Photographer}We sent out Landon's order out a few days ago and before archiving his files we just had to share a few. HopeView full post » Big is Beautiful – {Atlanta | Marietta Newborn Baby Photographer}The most popular size prints are usually 11×14 and 16×20 to hang on client walls. We always suggest goingView full post » Happy Friday – {Atlanta | Alpharetta Newborn Baby Photographer}Its a beautiful day and….its Friday! We will be heading off to Boston on Sunday for our two day newbornView full post » Time Flies… – {Atlanta | Marietta Newborn Maternity Photographer}Time does fly when you love what you do! Just a glimpse of some of the beautiful families we have recently capturedView full post » Smile for Tuesday – {Atlanta | Alpharetta Baby Newborn Photographer}London was actually our first client after moving to Atlanta in 2010′. A mere 5 days in our new home and studioView full post » Piper – {Buckhead | Atlanta Baby Child Photographer}Piper came in to celebrate her one year session and we can't believe how quickly the time has passed. Thanks toView full post » Audrey – {Alpharetta | Atlanta Baby Newborn Photographer}Audrey is such a sweet and smily little miss. We love capturing her and can't wait to see the whole familyView full post » Parker & Ava – {Atlanta | Marietta Baby Family Photographer}Parker and Ava are always a blast to capture. We can't wait to see you all again soon! Atlanta BabyView full post » Beautiful – {Atlanta | Marietta Baby Newborn Child Photographer}Just a few of the many beautiful faces captured in February. Atlanta Baby PhotographerView full post » Email Troubles…. – {Atlanta, Marietta Newborn Baby Photographer}If you submitted an email through our contact button on our website from February 4th up until today, February 16thView full post » Happy Valentine's – {Atlanta, Marietta Baby Child Photographer}Atlanta Baby PhotographerView full post » Kellan – {Atlanta, Alpharetta, Roswell Baby Child Photographer}Kellen is so sweet at 9 months old. We have loved watching him grow and its hard to believe in a few short months heView full post » Jack – {Atlanta, Marietta Child Baby Photographer}We love Jack and we love watching him grow! Here's a sweet flashback to his newborn debut and now sitting soView full post » |
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Ride the coasters after 1:00 PM. Lines are almost non existent on most days at that time.
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Sarwar Ahuja is in a holiday mood Sarwar Ahuja, who was lately seen in Balaji Telefilms' 'Keshav Pandit', aired on Zee TV, in the lead role is in a holiday mood. After the show went off air on July 24, Sarwer made... Go to: News
"Television is my power" - Ekta Kapoor The queen of Indian Television, Ekta Kapoor, has launched her two new ventures, 'Sarvagun Sampanna' (Imagine TV) and the other named 'Keshav Pandit' (Zee TV). In a recent... Go to: News
Ekta ropes in Baron Sobti for Keshav Pandit Ekta Kapoor's upcoming venture Keshav Pandit which will be a weekly show on Zee TV is in search of its lead cast. The show replicates a novel written by Ved Prakash Sharma and its concept is... Go to: News


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Product Description
Available while supplies last.
Not a functional fan. Decorative only.
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Want to add an antique charm to your home? Then this metal decorative vintage fan is truly unique. Complete with a stand and knob, this fan is truly unique. Get this fan to add a classic appeal to your home. This metal fan decor is an antique collector's delight. Your guests will go wow when they see this classy fan decor.
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- Decorative - not functional
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- Fitted with a four blade metal fan
- Rusty features and vintage appeal
- Painted in hues of red
Materials: | Metal | |
Weight: | 2.65 Pounds | |
Statues & Figurines Type | Table Top |
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Courtney Eckerle, MECLABS, Evin Catlett, Amer Sports
Very informative and very clear communication about tactics and various strategies. -Ebba
Fast! Didn't have to dedicate a lot of time out of my day. -Betsy
Great results. I find it hard to relate to my B2B company, however. -Khang
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WestminsterResearch will not be accepting deposits until 9th March 2015. This is to allow for a system upgrade and server migration.
Items where Author is Blanchflower, David G.
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ArticleBlanchflower, David G. and Bryson, Alex (2006) What effect do unions have on wages now and would 'what do unions do' be surprised? Journal of Labor Research, 25 (3). pp. 383-414. ISSN 0195-3613 Blanchflower, David G. and Bryson, Alex and Forth, John (2007) Workplace industrial relations in Britain, 1980–2004. Industrial Relations Journal, 38 (4). 285 -302. ISSN 0019-8692 Blanchflower, David G. and Bryson, Alex (2010) The wage impact of trade unions in the UK public and private sectors. Economica, 77 (305). pp. 92-109. ISSN 0013-0427 Book SectionBlanchflower, David G. and Bryson, Alex (2007) What effect do unions have on wages now and would "what do unions do?" be surprised? In: Bennett, James T. and Kaufman, Bruce E., (eds.) What do unions do? A twenty-year perspective. Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, N.J., pp. 79-113. ISBN 1412805945 |


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Christian Dior Fall 2010: Libertine Ladies and Anna Wintour's Last Show This Paris Fashion Week
Christian Dior Fall 2010: Libertine Ladies and Anna Wintour's Last Show This Paris Fashion Week
>> With the flashing lights and soundtrack of a thunderstorm, plus thumping hoofbeats and the braying of a horse, the Dior show was off this morning. The theme? "The Seduction of the Libertine," based on the 17th century Earl of Rochester — who John Galliano came out dressed like at the end, in poet's shirt and jodhpurs tucked into riding boots — and his courtesans.
"This season Dior takes up the heroic spirit of French romanticism and Mr. Dior's beloved English riding tweeds. I was inspired by the drape, line and cut as well as the characters of the era. I wanted to create a new luxury, and new lover, in the romance of the seductive libertine of Dior," Galliano explained backstage.
Anna Dello Russo took in the cape coats and printed chiffon dresses stomping by on Coco Rocha, Jessica Stam, Chanel Iman, Ana Beatriz Barros, and Karlie Kloss while sitting on the floor, and the show appeared to mark Anna Wintour's last this Paris Fashion Week — she was nowhere to be seen later at Lanvin.
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Burke replacing McMillan
by MBJ Staff
Published: March 25,2012
Tags: Else School of Management, executive MBA, Howard McMillan, Kimberly Gladden Burke, Millsaps College
Kimberly Gladden Burke, current professor of accounting and assistant dean, has been named the next dean at Millsaps College's Else School of Management. She will begin her new position July 1. Burke will oversee Millsaps' undergraduate business, MBA, Executive MBA and master of accountancy programs.
Burke replaces Howard McMillan, who has served as dean of the Else School since 2006. McMillan will return to his previous role of executive-in-residence, a post he held from 2002 to 2006. McMillan joined the Else School after retiring from a distinguished career in the banking industry. He is a former director of the Federal Reserve Bank in Atlanta, past president of the American Bankers Association and former president of Deposit Guaranty National Bank.
As an accounting professor, Burke has taught a variety of classes including undergraduate and graduate auditing, intermediate and advanced accounting, accounting information systems, principles of financial accounting and introduction to liberal studies. In 2008, she was recognized by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education as the Mississippi Professor of the Year. She also plays a valuable role in helping Millsaps graduates secure jobs with leading accounting firms and established an executive shadowing program for accounting students.
Burke holds a B.B.A. and an M.S. in accounting from Texas Tech University and a Ph.D. from Oklahoma State University. She joined the Millsaps faculty in 1995.
Her research interests include the labor market for academics, assurance services, expectations formation and gender issues. Her research has been published in multiple publications including Advances in Accounting, Southern Economic Journal, Journal of Information Systems, Journal of Service Marketing and Internal Auditing.
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I'm thinking about getting into reloading. For now just 22-250 for varmint hunting/target shooting. Any tips for tooling/supplies I need or just any general info you think I shold know before getting into reloading would be appreciated. BTW anyone shoot thoes Barnes Varmint Gernade bullets? There the main reason I'm wanting to get into reloading.
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Major tip for all new guys - Get at least one loading manual and read it until you understand it. (I suggest Lyman's but any other will do.) After you think you understand it very well, get another and do it again. THEN you will know enough for our responses to your questions to make sense.
+1 on the Lyman manual. I suggest a single stage press as your first, as it reinforces the principle rule of reloading. Check, Check, then Check again. A quality scale is also a must. Many of the manufacturers offer "Kits" that include most of the items required to get started. As 1hole suggested, buy a manual and read it carefully. The Lyman manual gives good advice for the beginner in my opinion. Barnes makes quality products, though I have not tried the bullet you mentioned. The Hornady 55 grain SXSP is my favorite for killing ground squirrels.
have time be safe check check check read constantly dont smoke or do it in a rush have fun
Suppose you were an idiot. And suppose you were a member of Congress.... But then I repeat myself. -Mark Twain
Ditto on the safety factor. Powder scale a must. Lee has what they call an anniversary kit that has a single stage press, powder scale, measure, and some other odds and ends for under $100. Dies cost about $25. I've used Lee products for over 10years and have zero complaints. BTW, welcome to handloading. There is no greater satisfaction that shooting a great group or taking game with ammo you made yourself. Just pay attention to the small details and you will not have any problems. I have reloaded over 50,000 rounds and have never had even so much as a misfire. Good Luck!
Thanks guys I'll be sure to read up before I even start looking at buying powder. Are thoes "Classic Lee Loader" even worth getting to start out? All I want to load is 22-250 and like I said mainly just to try out thoes Barnes Varmint Gernade bullets so I dont want to dump a bunch of money into tooling to find out they dont shoot any better than the 45g. Win. hollow points I shoot now. Thanks again.
I found a decent deal at Midway on this: http://www.midwayusa.com/eproductpage.exe/showproduct?saleitemid=646599&t=11082005 I have been bumming my dad's reloading stuff so he finally told me to buy my own. And dude, I have seen some of your posts on Jeepforum... Don't tell me you don't want to dump a bunch of money into, well, you own a friggin Jeep, 'nuff said! But you will see an increase in accuracy, and not just a little bit either. I noticed it first in my .243, now I am wotking on my .308 loads. The Lyman manual is great too. Also, if you ask for a catalog from Midway, there is a list of powders according to burn rate with a brief description. They sell Alliant, Hercules, Hodgdon, IMR, Winchester and Vihtavouri (sp?) and Ramshot (never heard of it, and it's not in the catalog). Some of the descriptions even say what cartridges they are well suited to. Free reference if nothing else. Good luck.
"People live too long, dogs don't live long enough" - FTF Member-
Come on now. Since buying the jeep late last summer I think I'v put less than $300 into it and it "should" be running tomarrow for the first time since I'v had it. I wish I would have taken some before pics of it. Its come along way for not dumping alot of money into it. My friend I bought it off came over with his wife in the fall to a big car cruise near by and she couldn't belive it was the same jeep. But as I said I havent had it out in the woods yet so I'm sure I havn't even scratched the surface of the check book on this project.
My pet load is a .52 gr hollow point BT with 32 grs of 4320
Nate, Those Lee hammer kits do work, but you will not be able to get the best accuracy with them unless you go ahead and buy a good scales, which you really need. Personally I would recomand that you buy a reloading kit with the RCBS Rock Chucker, or similar heavy press. I also recomand you buy a Layman manual, as they have alot of info you need to know and alot that is just interesting.
Catfish Ohio


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Very speedy and quality service at a great price. I submitted my order and received it two days later under free shipping. Worked out great for my...Read More ->
This is my third or fourth order from MJM and they continue to prove themselves as the premier web-site for magic supplies. I never refer anyone...Read More ->


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Developers are sizing up massive Geauga Lake land
Originally Published:
May 11, 2014 4:30 AM
Modified: May 11, 2014 11:03 AM
Voters gave land developers a ticket to ride at the former Geauga Lake amusement park in Aurora, and the prospective buyers seem to care.
Aurora Mayor Ann Womer Benjamin and Cliff West, an associate at investment realty broker Marcus & Millichap's Cleveland office who has the listing to market the property for land owner Cedar Fair Inc. of Sandusky, both say at least three parties are sizing up the entire property for offers. Moreover, a half-dozen other parties have signaled interest in smaller pieces of the property.
The change in appetite surfaced suddenly, marking a big switch after the seven-year hiatus since Cedar Fair closed the landmark amusement park in 2007 and West began actively marketing it in 2009.
The difference is that Aurora voters last week soundly approved a municipality-introduced measure to replace the former industrial zoning of the site with mixed-use zoning that opens it up to a variety of land uses. The city-driven measure, Issue 11, passed in the May 6 primary election with 81% approval, or 2,319 votes cast in favor of the measure to 528 cast against it.
The outcome is such that Benjamin is thankful that Aurora City Council previously enacted a 180-day moratorium effective May 7 on approvals for new projects in the area if voters approved the rezoning.
"This will give the city the time it needs to develop regulations for the property," she said. "This is not a moratorium on the sale of the property or investigation of the property. It was obvious we needed four months before we would be ready for shovels to go into the ground."
Neither Benjamin nor West would say specifically what parties are sizing up an offer for the property at 1100 Squires Road.
"There have been some very interesting ideas for the development of the property," Benjamin said, though she declined to spell them out more specifically.
West said that May 8, the day after the measure passed, he had "quite a few phone calls about the property." It was quite a difference from prior conditions: West said the first two years he represented the site, amidst the throes of what became the Great Recession, he did not receive a single phone call.
"This puts a whole new picture on everything. We have a much better chance of selling the entire park now. If it had failed and remained industrial, it would have been very difficult," West said. "The city is not saying, "We don't want that.' They're saying, "We want to look at things.' "
Land of opportunity
West said that prospective buyers of smaller parcels balked when they learned any of the Geauga Lake land would need a rezoning for anything outside industrial. Since the site has poor highway access, industrial was a non-starter.
Terry Coyne, executive managing director and director of Newmark Grubb Knight Frank's industrial unit, agreed. The distance to the Geauga Lake land from an interchange, he said, is too great to support industrial use there.
By contrast, the new zoning opens the door to a host of opportunities. According to the measure, the list of permitted uses includes residential, recreational, entertainment, educational, retail and service activities.
Although specifics of where different uses might be favored remains to be determined, West said the mixed-use zoning would allow the designation of parts of the site for apartment use or residential use, as well as commercial use on major arteries adjoining the park.
The zoning measure covers about 320 acres of former Geauga Lake land in Aurora as well as more than 200 acres of adjoining properties owned by other parties, the mayor said.
Another 220 acres of the former amusement park land is in adjoining Bainbridge Township. West said the township's zoning did not create any issues to reuse. Moreover, he said, interest in the township land was muted because of the cloud of uncertainty over how the Aurora part of the site could be developed. Cedar Fair continues to operate the Wildwater Kingdom water park, which West said is not up for sale.
It won't be easy
Although the mixed-use zoning helps the outcome for the property, hurdles remain.
Planning such a site will be an intense effort. For example, after a 2002 referendum cleared the way for development of Crocker Park as a mixed-use project in Westlake, municipal measures that regulated the project in ensuing months were expansive. The parcel carries a $15 million asking price.
The scale of such an undertaking — if one buyer does secure all the Geauga Lake land — is huge.
A search for 500-acre parcels on CoStar, an online realty data service, shows only one other offering: the more than 600-acre Chagrin Highlands Corporate Center project in Beachwood and neighboring east suburbs.
Moreover, the site has been in use since the 1880s and includes a huge lake. Although the deteriorating former midway and concrete pads where roller coasters once operated are problematic, the site includes some gems, such as the former campground.
Benjamin, a former state legislator, said the significance of the land extends far beyond the 25 square miles that contain the northwest Portage County community.
"This is a large piece of land that at one time was the center of a great deal of economic activity and tourism in the region," the mayor said. "This is really a major occurrence for the region."
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Abacus in big strata play
PUBLISHED: 02 Nov 2010 00:09:31 | UPDATED: 03 Nov 2010 05:00:55PUBLISHED: 29 Oct 2010 PRINT EDITION: 02 Nov 2010A joint venture between the listed Abacus Property Group and Sydney-based W Property yesterday finalised a deal to buy a National Trust-classified building in Sydney's CBD.
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text: KPopp family Edit Classic editor History Talk0 200pages on this wiki Category page Sorting type: Most visited Most visited Alphabetical | The KPopp family. Pages in category "KPopp family" Kelly KPopp KPopp family tree Royal weddings " Twins and triplets born in the Pregnant Challenge. Sludge Hooker KPopp & Hookah Boots KPopp... List of twins and triplets " Got this idea from the table Allundertherainbow made on the Hunger Games wiki. It's another... Quick kid table Subcategories Kelly KPopp's children Kelly KPopp's grandchildren Kelly KPopp's great-grandchildren Twin


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This section introduces meat in the context of the Australian diet. The reviews draw on knowledge from a range of sources and put forward perspectives on how meat has taken its place in the Australian cuisine over time. Mann and Tapsell refer to the scientific literature to present views on meat in the diet from a perspective of evolutionary development and food habits, respectively. Dang provides a personal commentary based on observations from 30 years of qualitative research associated with the food industry
Meat in the human diet: An anthropological perspective
Article first published online: 15 AUG 2007
DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00194.x
Nutrition & Dietetics
Special Issue: The Role of Red Meat in the Australian Diet. Page S99–S195
Volume 64, Issue Supplement s4, pages S102–S107, September 2007
Additional Information
How to Cite
MANN, N. (2007), Meat in the human diet: An anthropological perspective. Nutrition & Dietetics, 64: S102–S107. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-0080.2007.00194.x
Publication History
- Issue published online: 15 AUG 2007
- Article first published online: 15 AUG 2007
- Abstract
- Article
- References
- Cited By
- Top of page
- • Human ancestral diets changed substantially approximately four to five million years ago with major climatic changes creating open grassland environments.
- • We developed a larger brain balanced by a smaller, simpler gastrointestinal tract requiring higher-quality foods based around meat protein and fat.
- • Anthropological evidence from cranio-dental features and fossil stable isotope analysis indicates a growing reliance on meat consumption during human evolution.
- • Study of hunter-gatherer societies in recent times shows an extreme reliance on hunted and fished animal foods for survival.
- • Optimal foraging theory shows that wild plant foods in general give an inadequate energy return for survival, whereas the top-ranking food items for energy return are large hunted animals.
- • Numerous evolutionary adaptations in humans indicate high reliance on meat consumption, including poor taurine production, lack of ability to chain elongate plant fatty acids and the co-evolution of parasites related to dietary meat.
- Top of page
Anthropologists have long recognised that the diets of palaeolithic and recent hunter-gatherers (HGs) represent a reference standard for modern human nutrition and a model for defence against certain Western-lifestyle diseases. Boyd Eaton of Emory University (Atlanta) put this succinctly: 'We are the heirs of inherited characteristics accrued over millions of years, the vast majority of our biochemistry and physiology are tuned to life conditions that existed prior to the advent of agriculture. Genetically our bodies are virtually the same as they were at the end of the palaeolithic period. The appearance of agriculture some 10,000 years ago and the Industrial Revolution some 200 years ago introduced new dietary pressures for which no adaptation has been possible in such a short time span. Thus an inevitable discordance exists between our dietary intake and that which our genes are suited to'. This discordance hypothesis postulated by Eaton could explain many of the chronic 'diseases of civilisation'.1 This review presents an anthropological perspective on what HG populations may have actually eaten.
Contrary to views that humans evolved largely as a herbivorous animal in a 'garden of Eden' type of environment, historical evidence indicates a very different reality, at least in the last four to five million years of evolutionary adaptation. It was in this time frame that the ancestral hominid line emerged from the receding forests to become bipedal, open grassland dwellers. This was likely accompanied by dietary changes and subsequent physiological and metabolic adaptations. The evolutionary pressure for some primates to undergo this habitat and subsequent diet change involving open grassland, foraging/scavenging, related directly to massive changes in global climatic conditions, primarily drier conditions followed by worldwide expansion of the biomass of temperate climate (C4) grasses at the expense of wetland forests,2 accompanied by a worldwide faunal change,3 including the spread of large grazing animals. Thus, the foods available to human ancestors in an open grassland environment were very different from those of the jungle/forest habitats that were home for many millions of years.
- Top of page
The lines of investigation used by anthropologists to deduce the evolutionary diet of our evolving hominid ancestors are numerous: (i) changes in cranio-dental features; (ii) fossil isotopic chemical tracer methods; (iii) comparative gutmorphology of modern humans and other mammals; (iv) the energetic requirements of developing a large ratio of brain to body size; (v) optimal foraging theory; (vi) dietary patterns of surviving HG societies; and (vii) specific diet-related adaptations. Findings from each of these fields reveal a changing dietary pattern away from low-quality/highly fibrous, energy-poor plant stables to a growing dependence on more energy-rich animal foods, culminating in palaeolithic Homo sapiens being top-level carnivores.4
Changes in cranio-dental features
Early hominid fossil remains already show clear cranio-dental changes which indicate a move away from a specialised structure suited to coarse foliage mastication to a more generalised structure indicative of dependence on fruits and hard nuts but also incorporating changes that indicate meat consumption. Such changes included a decrease in molar teeth size, jaws/skull became more gracile, front teeth became well buttressed and shearing crests appearing on teeth, all indicative of less emphasis on grinding and more on biting and tearing of animal flesh.5
Fossil isotope ratios
The C13/C12 isotope ratio in fossil remains is indicative of diet, and is a particularly good marker of the intake of broad-leaf plant material versus grasses. Basically, trees, bushes and shrubs use the C3 photosynthetic pathway, which discriminates against the heavier carbon isotope C13 during fixation of CO2 compared with the grasses, which use the C4 or Hatch-Slack photosynthetic pathway.6,7 Examination of early hominid remains indicates that they ate large quantities of the C13-enriched foods.8 As hominids in general have shown no capacity for digestion of grasses or teeth microwear patterns indicative of grass mastication,9,10 these hominids were obviously consuming grazing animals existing on the C4 grasses. Similarly, the bone Sr/Ca ratio in mammals shows an inverse correlation with trophic level, with pure carnivores showing the lowest ratio. This pattern is paralleled in fossil remains of palaeolithic fauna, with early hominids showing a Sr/Ca ratio midway between contemporary carnivore and herbivore species.11,12 These results alone would indicate that even very early hominids consumed a considerable proportion of meat in their diet.13
Comparative gut morphology of modern humans and other mammals
Another line of investigation which is useful in ascertaining the dietary preferences and suitability of a species to certain food types is to study the structural features of the gastrointestinal tract. Both pure herbivores (folivores and frugivores) and pure carnivores (such as felids) have physiological and metabolic adaptations suited to their diet.14,15 Humans fit neither category, but are truly omnivores, falling between the largely frugivorous make-up of such anthropoid relatives as the chimpanzee and the adaptations of the true carnivores.16 A sacculated stomach or well-developed caecum and colon are associated with plant-based diets. The lower the plant quality (or the higher the fibre content), the more pronounced are these features. The ruminant animals (foregut folivores) show the greatest volume in the stomach region. Non-ruminant herbivores (midgut folivores), such as the horse, have greatest development in the caecum and colon. Measures of relationship between gastrointestinal length or surface area, and body length or surface area give a good relative comparison of carnivore versus herbivore characteristics (Table 1).
Species | Intestinal length: body length | Gastrointestinal surface area: body surface area |
| ||
Cattle | 20:1 | 3.0:1 |
Horse | 12:1 | 2.2:1 |
Baboon | 8:1 | 1.1:1 |
Dog | 6:1 | 0.6:1 |
Human | 5:1 | 0.8:1 |
Cat | 4:1 | 0.6:1 |
Carnivores tend to have a well-developed acid stomach and long small intestine. The human gut with its simple stomach, relatively elongated small intestine and reduced caecum and colon, does not fit any one group but lies between the frugivore and faunivore groups, suggestive of reliance on a high-quality diet in which meat is a predominant component. The size of the human gut relative to body size is also small in comparison with other anthropoids, with a much more pronounced small intestine similar to carnivores.14,16 Approximate relative proportions of gut volume for humans and some other primates are shown in Table 2.
Species | Stomach | Small intestine | Caecum | Colon |
| ||||
Gorilla | 25 | 14 | 7 | 53 |
Orangutan | 17 | 28 | 3 | 54 |
Chimpanzee | 20 | 23 | 5 | 52 |
Gibbon | 24 | 29 | 2 | 45 |
Human | 17 | 67 | NA | 17 |
The energetic requirements of developing a large ratio of brain to body size
Primates in general, and humans in particular, have larger brain sizes than would be expected for their body size (predicted by the Martin equation18), a phenomenon described as 'encephalisation'.19,20 Since the time of Australopithecus afarensis, some four to five million years ago, brain size has increased threefold (Figure 1). What the driving force was for this dramatic increase can only be speculated, although many sound hypotheses based on socio-ecological factors have been put forward.
Irrespective of the driving force for encephalisation, two critical requirements had to be met: (i) the brain's chemical requirement for long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), particularly arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3), both of which can only be obtained from animal tissue;22,23 and (ii) the increased metabolic requirements of a larger brain.24,25 To sustain such a metabolically expensive large brain, there are two possible evolutionary adaptations that could be used: either elevate the basal metabolic rate (BMR); or compensate for higher brain energy with lower mass-specific metabolic rates of other tissues. The BMR of eutherian mammals is accurately predicted by the Klieber equation, based on body mass,26 and humans fit this predictive value well, indicating no increase in basal metabolism. However, when examining individual organs, the brain mass surplus (and energy requirement) is closely balanced by the reduction in size (and energy requirement) of the gastrointestinal tract27 (Table 3).
Tissue | Mass (kg) | Metabolic | ||
Observed | Expected | Difference | Increment (Watt) | |
| ||||
Brain | 1.30 | 0.45 | +0.85 | +9.5 |
Heart | 0.30 | 0.32 | −0.02 | −0.6 |
Kidney | 0.30 | 0.24 | +0.06 | +1.4 |
Liver | 1.40 | 1.56 | −0.16 | −2.0 |
Gastrointestinal tract | 1.10 | 1.88 | −0.78 | −9.5 |
The gut is the only organ which can vary in size sufficiently to offset the metabolic cost of the larger brain. Diets high in bulky food of low digestibility require relatively enlarged gut size with voluminous fermenting chambers (rumen and caecum). Diets consisting of high-quality foods are associated with relatively small gut size, with simple stomachs, reduced colon size, but proportionately long small intestine28 as seen in carnivores.
With the relatively poor macronutrient density of wild plant foods, particularly in the open grassland areas, the obvious solution for our ancestors was to include increasingly large amounts of animal-derived food in the diet.5 The increasing consumption of meat, rich in protein and fats (particularly unsaturated forms), would provide a basis for the threefold increase in human brain size in the last 4.5 million years, from the perspective of both energy supply25 and brain fatty acid substrate availability.23
Optimal foraging theory and food selection
Essentially the subsistence patterns of HGs, early hominids and our palaeolithic ancestors can be explained in terms of cost/benefit analysis. The major survival determinant is daily energy procurement (less energy expenditure). Various models have been developed to explain this phenomenon and loosely described as the 'Theory of Optimal Foraging'.29 The wild fruits, vegetables, foliage and tuberous roots available to HGs and early hominids were generally fibrous and of low energy density.30 The high energy/time spent in collection and preparation of such plant foods, particularly seed grains, is not well rewarded in terms of energy gain; hence these are not feasible as a primary energy source (Table 4). This explains why HGs generally have high meat intake despite abundant plant food availability.32 However, it should not be forgotten that these plants were and are a major source of fibre and micronutrients.33
Food | Food type | Return rate (kcal/hour) |
| ||
Peccary | Animal | 65 000 |
Antelope | Animal | 16 000–32 000 |
Rabbit | Animal | 13 500–15 400 |
Paca | Animal | 7 000 |
Coati | Animal | 7 000 |
Squirrel | Animal | 5 400–6 300 |
Roots | Plant | 1 200–6 300 |
Fruits | Plant | 900–6 000 |
Armadillo | Animal | 5 900 |
Snakes | Animal | 5 900 |
Birds | Animal | 4 800 |
Lizards | Animal | 4 200 |
Seeds | Plant | 500–4 000 |
The study of dietary patterns of surviving HG societies
Calculations have been made from Murdock's Ethnographic Atlas34 of 229 HG societies, showing that the majority of HG societies obtained ≥56–65% of their subsistence (energy) from animal foods (Figure 2). The predicted macronutrient energy intake ranges were carbohydrate 22–40%, protein 19–35% and fat 28–47%.35
Other adaptations and issues related to diet
Similar to obligate carnivores, humans have an inefficient ability to chain elongate plant-rich 18-carbon fatty acids into the 20- and 22-carbon PUFA essential for cell membrane function and brain tissue,36 hence requiring direct consumption from animal tissue. Likewise, humans have inherited a very decreased ability to synthesise taurine from precursor amino acids.37 The proposed rationale, as for obligate carnivores, is that there was reduced selective pressure to synthesise taurine in vivo because exogenous dietary sources of preformed taurine (found only in animal tissue) were being consumed for a lengthy time period. Physiologically haem and other porphyrine iron-rich compounds derived only from meat are absorbed by humans in preference to ionic forms of iron, whereas herbivorous animals cannot absorb these haem complexes and rely on absorption of ionic iron.38 Finally, mammalian hosts and their various parasites undergo close co-evolution. Cestodes of the family Taeniidae are parasites of carnivores spread by eating meat. Taenia saginata and T. solium use humans exclusively as their host, indicating a substantial period of co-evolution and meat consumption by humans and their ancestors.17
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The dietary changes involved with the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture have been extensively reviewed.39–41 This transition began in the Near East approximately 10 000 years ago with the growing of wild cereal crops as a response to population increase and/or scarcity of large mammalian wild game. The transition, however, was associated with physiological stresses, including reduced stature, osteomalacia, dental caries and various nutritional deficiencies, and infectious disease.42 The archaeological evidence indicates a shift from consumption of hoofed mammals (gazelle, antelope and deer), root plants, wild pulses, various nuts and fruit, to a more narrow diet of cultivated wheat, barley, oats, rice or corn, depending on location.43 This transition also corresponded with a fundamental reversal of the high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet of the previous HG societies, along with the shift in fatty acid intake type.
With the shift away from the HG dietary pattern and the high reliance on meat in the diet to a more grain-rich diet, the dietary fat intake profile of humans changed significantly. The P : S dietary ratio has dropped drastically from 1.4:1 to 0.4:1,1 and the n-6 : omega-3 ratio increased from approximately 3:1 to greater than 12:1 in the current Western diet, where the n-6 PUFA from seed oils are now abundant in the diet.44 Similarly, many micronutrient intake levels likely dropped following the shift to agriculture and further subsequent developments in food processing and mass production during the industrial revolution some 200 years ago and, more recently, the 'fast-food revolution'1 as indicated in Table 5.
Nutrient | Palaeolithic intake(a) | US intake(a) | Australian intake(b) |
Macronutrients (% energy) | |||
Protein | 37 | 15 | 17 |
Carbohydrate | 41 | 51 | 46 |
Fat | 22 | 34 | 33 |
P : S ratio | 1.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 |
Vitamins (mg/day) | |||
Riboflavin | 6.5 | 1.3–2.1 | 2.1 |
Folate | 0.36 | 0.15–0.21 | 0.27 |
Thiamine | 3.9 | 1.1–1.8 | 1.7 |
Vitamin C | 604 | 77–109 | 120 |
Vitamin A (RE) | 2870 | 1170–1429 | 1165 |
Vitamin E | 32.8 | 7–10 | NR |
Minerals (mg/day) | |||
Iron | 87 | 10–11 | 14 |
Zinc | 43.4 | 10–15 | 12 |
Calcium | 1956 | 750 | 875 |
Sodium | 768 | 4000 | NR |
Potassium | 10 500 | 2500 | 3317 |
Fibre (g/day) | 104 | 10–20 | 23 |
With the industrial revolution came more efficient milling methods which separated the fibre-rich bran and nutrient-dense germ of the various grains from the starch-rich endosperm. The range of new products expanded rapidly based on these refined grains and the flour made from them. Similarly, the mass production of nutrient-poor refined sugar cane became common.46 In more recent times, particularly the last 50–60 years beginning in the USA, we have been exposed to what has loosely been termed the 'fast-food revolution'. This encompasses such aspects of modern Western diet as: (i) the proliferation of take-away food outlets with their ready-to-eat, well-advertised, fat- and energy-rich commodities, usually poor in micronutrients and often filled with high-glycaemic-index (GI) processed carbohydrates; and (ii) the broad range of processed packaged ready-to-heat and serve foods that occupy the expanding aisles of the local supermarket. These also are generally nutrient-poor and energy-rich, and come with little need for concomitant energy expenditure.46
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The increased contribution of carbohydrate from grains to the human diet following the agricultural revolution has effectively diluted the protein content of the human diet. Whether current protein intakes are below the ideal is a question now being asked, especially in regard to effects on satiety and rates of obesity. Another issue to bear in mind is that 'optimal foraging', which shaped primitive diets, does not apply in the modern era. Today survival does not demand energy-dense, high-fat foods. In fact, it is clear that these foods need to play a reduced role in societies where dietary energy is available in abundance and concomitant energy expenditure is limited.
The type of fat in modern diets is distinctly different from that eaten by our forebears. In particular, saturated fat and n-6 PUFA (from seed oils and grains) have increased at the expense of omega-3 fats from fish and red meat. The cardio-protective effects of long-chain omega-3 fats and their preferential incorporation into the tissues of the body support the notion that modern diets are deficient in these nutrients.
Carbohydrates in the modern diet are also very different from those that HGs ate. Today the majority of dietary carbohydrates are derived from processed cereals and can be of high GI. Cereals were seldom eaten by HGs due to the small size of wild seeds and the degree of difficulty in collecting them. It has been argued that the replacement of protein from meat and fish with high-GI carbohydrates from starch and sugars may have implications for insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes—a condition unknown in HG societies.
There may be more certainty about the impact of reduced intakes of fish and meat on iron and zinc status. Humans evolved on dietary intakes of these minerals, which were several times the current intake.1 It should come as no surprise that these two nutrients are limiting in the diet of sections of the Australian population today who do not consume red meat.45 Likewise, the low vitamin B12 status of vegetarians testifies to past reliance on meat in the diet.47
Plant foods most likely provided the bulk of micronutrients and fibre in the 'palaeolithic' diet; thus, it should be realised that humans were not carnivores, but rather true omnivores, as revealed by numerous lines of investigation including gut morphology studies. The need for a wide variety of nutrient-dense vegetables and fruits and (low-GI) wholegrains in our diet is of importance. However, our pre-agricultural ancestors' basic energy, protein, long-chain fatty acids, vitamin B12, iron and zinc supply came from meat. Thus, adaptations to such a dietary pattern accumulated in our bodies over approximately three to four million years of relatively high meat intake and minimal grain intake. It is argued that the modern Western divergence from this dietary pattern forms the basis of lifestyle diseases that we now face. Thus, there is no historical or valid scientific argument to preclude lean meat from the human diet, and a substantial number of reasons to suggest it should be a central part of a well-balanced diet.48
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- 1Paleolithic nutrition revisited. A twelve year retrospective on its nature and implications. Eur J Clin Nutr 1997; 51: 207–16., , .
- 2Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature 1997; 389: 153–8., , et al.
- 3Miocene/Pliocene shift: one step or several. Nature 1998; 393: 126–7., , .
- 4Archaeology: sharp shift in diet at onset of the Neolithic. Nature 2003; 25: 425., , .
- 5Early hominid hunting and scavenging: the role of meat as an energy source. J Hum Evol 1989; 18: 329–43..
- 6Recent carbon isotope research and its implications for African archeology. Afr Archaeol Rev 1983; 1: 33–56., .
- 7Diet of Australopithecus robustus at Swartkrans from stable carbon isotopic analysis. J Hum Evol 1994; 27: 361–72., , .
- 8Isotopic evidence for the diet of an early hominid, Australopithecus africanus. Science 1999; 283: 368–70., .
- 9Early hominid diets from quantitative image analysis of dental microwear. Nature 1988; 333: 765–8., .
- 10Microwear studies of early African hominid teeth. Scanning Microsc 1992; 6: 1087–8..
- 11Trace element and isotopic aspects of predator-prey relationships in terrestrial foodwebs. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 1994; 107: 243–55., .
- 12Strontium-calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) of Australopithecus robustus and associated fauna from Swartkrans. J Hum Evol 1992; 23: 495–516..
- 13Strontium calcium ratios (Sr/Ca) and strontium isotopic ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of Australopithecus robustus and Homo species. J Hum Evol 1995; 28: 277–85., .
- 14Primate diets and gut morphology: implications for hominid evolution. In: HarrisM, RossEB, eds. Food and Evolution: Toward a Theory of Human Food Habits. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1986; 93–116..
- 15Nutritionally related metabolic adaptations of carnivores and ruminants. In: MargarisNS, ArianoulsouM, FaraggitakiM, ReiterRJ, eds. Plant, Animal and Microbial Adaptations to Terrestrial Environment. New York: Plenum, 1983; 165–80., .
- 16The life of primates. In: JonesS, MartinR, PilbeamD, eds. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Human Evolution. Cambridge: University Press, 1992; 39–97..
- 17 , , .
- 18Primate Origins and Evolution. London: Chapman & Hall, 1990..
- 19Ecology and energetics of encephalization in hominid evolution. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 1991; 334: 223–32., .
- 20 , .
- 21Evolution of the human brain: is bigger better? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 1998; 25: 745–9..Direct Link:
- 22The role of dietary fatty acids in biology: their place in the evolution of the human brain. Nutr Rev 1992; 50: 3–11..Direct Link:
- 23The possible role of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in human brain phylogeny. Perspect Biol Med 1996; 39: 436–45..
- 24Relative brain size and metabolic rate in terrestrial vertebrates. Nature 1981; 293: 57–60..
- 25Animal fat and cholesterol may have helped primitive man evolve a large brain. Perspect Biol Med 1998; 41: 417–25..
- 26The Fire of Life. New York: Wiley, 1961..
- 27Allometry and the analysis of size and shape in human evolution. J Hum Evol 1992; 22: 127–47..
- 28Morhpology of the gastrointestinal tract in primates: comparison with other mammals in relation to diet. J Morphol 1980; 166: 337–86., .Direct Link:
- 29Optimal foraging. A selective review of theory and tests. Q Rev Biol 1977; 52: 137–54., , .
- 30Nature and variability of human food consumption. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 1991; 334: 281–8..
- 31The paradoxical nature of hunter-gatherer diets: meat based, yet non-atherogenic. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002; 56: S1–11., , , , .
- 32Why hunters gather. Optimal foraging and the Ache of eastern Paraguay. Am Anthropol 1982; 9: 379–98., , .
- 33Australian Aboriginal plant foods. A consideration of their nutritional composition and health implications. Nutr Res Rev 1998; 11: 5–23., .
- 34 .
- 35Plant-animal subsistence ratios and macronutrient energy estimations in worldwide hunter-gatherer diets. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 71: 682–92., , , , , .
- 36Comparison of linolenic and linoleic acid metabolism in man: influence of dietary linoleic acid. In: SinclairA, GibsonR, eds. Essential Fatty Acids and Eicosanoids, Invited Papers from the Third International Congress. Champaign, IL: AOCS Press, 1992; 23–5., , et al.
- 37The role of taurine in infant nutrition. Adv Exp Med Biol 1998; 442: 463–76., , , , , .
- 38A general approach to the problems of iron deficiency and iron overload in the population at large. Semin Haematol 1982; 19: 54–67., .
- 39Health as a crucial factor in the changes from hunting to developed farming in the Eastern Mediterranean. In: CohenMN, ArmelagosGJ, eds. Palaeopathology at the Origins of Agriculture. New York: Academic Press, 1984; 51–73..
- 40Plant food economy during the Epipalaeolithic period at Tell Abu Hureyra, Syria. Dietary diversity, seasonality and modes of exploitation. In: HarrisDR, HillmanGC, eds. Foraging and Farming, the Evolution of Plant Exploitation. London: Unwin-Hyman, 1989; 240–68., , .
- 41 .
- 42Health and the Rise of Civilization. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989..
- 43Some economic and ecological aspects of the plant husbandry of Tell Aswad. Paleoorient 1979; 5: 161–9., .
- 44Fats in human diets through history. Is the Western diet out of step in reducing fat in meat animals. In: WoodG, FisherG, eds. Reducing Fat in Meat Animals. New York: Elservier, 1990; 1–47., .
- 45National Nutrition Survey of Australia 1995: Nutrient Intakes and Physical Measurements. Canberra:Australian Bureau of Statistics, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, 1998., .
- 46Origins and evolution of the western diet: health implications for the 21st century. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 81: 341–54., , et al.
- 47The effect of diet on plasma homocysteine concentration in healthy male subjects. Eur J Clin Nutr 1999; 53: 895–9., , et al.
- 48Dietary lean red meat and human evolution. Eur J Nutr 2000; 39: 71–9..


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Developed by Subcommittee: E06.55 | Committee E06 | Contact Staff Manager
1. Scope
Update of withdrawn standard D779.
Original standard is referenced in building industry codes and standards, but has been withdrawn by the general paper industry.
water resistance, water-resistive barrier, building paperThe title and scope are in draft form and are under development within this ASTM Committee.
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Clinique Ginger Pop (01) Cheek Pop Blush Review, Photos, Swatches
Clinique Ginger Pop (01) Cheek Pop Blush
Clinique Ginger Pop (01) Cheek Pop Blush ($21.00 for 0.12 oz.) is a reddened coral with a subtle satin finish. Dior Corail Bagatelle (763) (LE, $43.00) is lighter, pinker. Chanel Intonation (69) (LE, $38.00) is pinker, cream. MAC Autoerotique (LE, $25.00) is lighter. Illamasqua Sleek (P, $26.00) is cream. Edward Bess Secret Affair (P, $43.00) is lighter. NARS Boys Don't Cry (LE, $41.00) is brighter. MAC Fleet Fast (LE, $21.00) is similar. Dior Coral Glow Blush (LE) is warmer. Burberry Blossom (P, $42.00) is slightly warmer. See comparison swatches.
This is one of four shades that Clinique's released just in time for spring–I will be reviewing the other three as I work through wearing each of them. The formula is described as "vibrant yet natural-looking cheek colour that looks virtually powderless." There is some magic at work with this formula; because it feels like a powder but applies, blends, and looks more like a cream-to-powder formula on the skin, but it's definitely a powder. I took a chunk out of the pan to play with, and it crumbles and smooths out like a powder. Ginger Pop blends so beautifully on the skin, and as Clinique touts, it truly seems effortless to soften and sheer out the color, which is very pigmented and true-to-pan if desired. A little goes a long way, but the texture is forgiving and easy to blend out, so a full spectrum of skin tones should be able to work with this formula. The texture is soft and smooth, not at all powdery. It wore well for eight hours on me before showing signs of fading.
I've spotted them online at Nordstrom as well as Sephora.
The Glossover
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Junior Member
#1 and #2 are the best ways to confront these problems we have already. With that said, I would really like to see these changes happen ASAP, the reason why is because most of us players are willing to change roles without conflict, but it's just annoying when someone sticks to a champion/role and won't just quit raging to all the other players for asking politely to change said champ/role for the good of others. And the option three I personally don't see it working. Ragers with ragers will create a bigger problem within the game.
Will Wheaton
I like the wow dungeon finder suggest but I think that every role should have the chance of being a support because no one wants to do that and that would make matchmaking a long queue. Also instead of being in queue for a specific role why not just make a click box that appears when you enter queue and if you click the role you want first its states it to everyone. I think that would be better than Instalock or typing it out. People who are toxic are going to ruin the game but at least this system can allow the other team to see what occured in champion select since the tribunal doesn't really cover the pre-game. If someone is playing a character that doesn't really belong in the row that it has them labeled as and they play toxic like you have more evidence that the game was going to be bad since champion select than you can deal with that player and put them on a Pegasas Island if you want where they must collect 20 stars from playing nice with others in order to be allowed back into the good positive match making. If they don't learn to play nicely with other people like them, than they will be doomed to said island.
Senior Member
1) Vote Kick I dont like this one; personal experience has showen me this one is a bad idea. WoWs dungeon groups allow vote to kick. My GF played wow for a while and when she got to max level she tried dungeons. She was new, had no gear and was trying to learn what to do, 10 mins in the group kicked her. She got through a couple more dungeons and had fun, but again was vote kicked out later that day. After dealing with her crying about how people hate her and she is the only one getting kicked off teams I felt really bad. LOL has a similar aspect to new players, I hit level 30 six months ago and had no idea of meta. I got all the way to level 30 and all I knew was that sometimes people like to jungle but that you needed smite to do it. Now they try the draft queue after finally unlocking 10 champs and every team lobby they join yells at them and votes to kick... not cool. 2) WoW Dungeon Finder | Players want the ability to queue up for a particular role like Healer and DPS and placed into a Champ Select with a team I like this one. I have a few thoughts on this: a) Queue time is self correcting and not relevant. If you really want to play mid but it takes 20 mins to get that role; play something different, your probably going to be playing something different anyways if that many players all only want to play mid. b) No this wont stop someone picking AP yi for support, but who cares. At least it resolves who plays which lane which is by far the bigger disagreement. c) I play with friends and they are real scumbags. If they are first pick then first pick is correct and they lock in what they want. If they called the role first and an earlier pick chooses it then call order trumps. The opening analyses that half the players think call order wins and the other half think pick order wins is wrong, there is a third half that think that whichever they won wins. Also chat is not sorted, so if two players call a role they often both see themselves as having called it first, that makes for some epic hate in champ select. d) This system is not designed yet. If you queue for "any role" why not negotiate or trade your assigned roles in selection just like you can swap champs. e) If this applies to ranked I can see a lot of churn, as players who play many roles and negotiate well find those skills less useful and drop down the ranked ladder, while those who zero in on one one thing catch a break and climb up. 3) Prisoners Island Too much effort for too little gain.
This may be completely infeasible from a queue time perspective, but what if you created the team one member at a time? Example: You queue and your main role is ADC but you don't mind jungling. Chat opens and a reasonable human being on the other side says he would like to support. You are happy and say you'd AD with him. You both accept the queue. You both then meet a jungler. great. then perhaps someone who really wants to jungle comes up again. you all apologize and decline. etc. This format seems to be a happy medium between vote kick and dungeon finder. Queues are longer for those who are trolls or those unwilling to compromise. If nothing else I believe this format captures what you are trying to achieve with champion select, but may be slightly cumbersome. (this could also work for duos, you'd just need to vote on them both at the same time.)
there should be stats on what player plays the better role beside the summoners name