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Cellulitis and Me
I have been brought low by bacteria again. This time it's a little pathogen genus called staphylococcus. It erupted from a little cut in my ear. I woke up suddenly at 2:30 AM to striking pain on my right ear and neck. Because of where the infection set in, it is called cellulitis. Don't google images of cellulitis.
Foolishly, I went into school that morning (it's always easier to go in than call a sub). I was then sent home at noon as I was green, had the chills, was nauseous, and the right side of my head was bright red. I saw a doctor who prescribed some strong antibiotics (Cephalexin 500 mg) to take 4 times daily. I stayed home for the next two days.
When I went for my return visit to a doctor 48 hours later, she noted that things had not improved, so I was abruptly sent to emergency.
The infection had spread to a greater portion of my face and my ear became more chimplike and stiff, stiff, stiff. In the night I would completely drench my sheets and clothes with sweat. During the day, I was weak. I couldn't chew because of the pain in my jaw and I could only open my mouth about 1.5 cm.
At the hospital, I was given an IV (my first ever!) of the same antibiotic and referred to a clinic at the hospital which deals specifically in infectious diseases. I visited the clinic the next morning and was given a second IV, assessed and told that my improvement was imminent if I continued with the oral pills I was originally given.
Movie Season: Winter 2014-15
My favourite time of the year for films is the winter beginning just before Christmas and ending in March. Most of the Oscar hopefuls are released and I typically have time and Cineplex gift cards to go see them. So, with the big awards night coming on tonight, I had better comment on some films before the moment passes. Plus, my movie blog has stagnated.
BIRDMAN OR (THE UNEXPECTED VIRTUE OF IGNORANCE): Easily the most enjoyable and unique film I've seen in a very long time. Cinematically. The unyielding dialogue. The twitchy acting. The incessant rhythm of the soundtrack. The tremendous grand theme of being loved vs. receiving recognition.
SELMA: The risk with portraying historical events is romanticizing one side and demonizing the other and I'm not sure this film accomplishes that, but I think it is very difficult to do in this case. Dr. & Mrs. King, President Johnson, and the marchers all demonstrated hesitancy to varying degrees. The murderers, police wielding batons and releasing dogs are not the focus. What we get is a powerful display of the Gospel.
WHIPLASH: Character twists and turns and invigorating music simply clothe the majesty of this essentially 2 person play. Brilliant performances by both leads. You can't help leaving the film saturated with multisyllabic beats and questions about genius.
THE GRAND BUDAPEST HOTEL: Wes Anderson delivers another raucous cacophony of characters and milieus for a look at legacy, friendship, and eccentricity. I had no choice but to enjoy this.
WILD: Based on the book by the main character played by Reese Witherspoon. Witherspoon drives the entire film with her both her strength and fragility. While it's not very plot driven, it does provide time into understanding the ache of loss and the Search.
FOXCATCHER: This is one of the most uncomfortable films I've watched in recent years. It is so rich in pathos and cringe factor. Steve Carrell plays a magnificent tyrant.
BOYHOOD: Yes, I appreciate that the film was shot over 12 years, but it would have been a great film if Richard Linklater had actually crafted a plot, dialogue, and more complex character development into his project. Amber and I were quite bored through most of the 2h45m film and did not find it inspiring, enlightening, or challenging.
GONE GIRL: I don't watch many movies of this genre anymore. The 90s were shock full of thrillers and I saw my fill back then. This one is original because it is very self-aware. David Fincher leaves the end open-ended enough to cause perpetual tension for the viewer.
IMITATION GAME: The heartbreaking and harrowing story of a mathematical genius. Much of the film - especially the role of Alan Turing - I loved, but some seemed forced and poorly written. Some lines we hear too many times to take seriously.
INTERSTELLAR: It's a fun ride and spectacular visually. The plot holes are huge and would take far too much energy to articulate, but they are irrelevant since the film is really there for entertainment.
Yet to be seen: Why I plan on seeing it?
TWO DAYS, ONE NIGHT: This is directed by the brothers who made L'enfant which won the Cannes prize 10 years ago. I think L'enfant is one of the greatest films I've seen, so I'm very keen to see what the are able to do with Marion Cotillard in focus.
MR. TURNER: Directed by on of my favourite directors: Mike Leigh (Happy-Go-Lucky, Secrets & Lies).
INHERENT VICE: Directed by on of my favourite directors: Paul Thomas Anderson (There Will Be Blood, The Master, Magnolia, Punch-Drunk Love).
THE THEORY OF EVERYTHING: It's nominated for a lot so I should probably take a look.
Also quite keen to see:
FORCE MAJEURE, UNBROKEN, BIG EYES, TIMBUKTU, & LEVIATHAN. And all the documentary features which I never get to see before the Oscars.
I'm not really interested in seeing the last of the best picture nominees, American Sniper. Just seems like a flag waver and since its done so well at the box office, I'm even less inclined judging by who is likely going to see it. Plus, Clint Eastwood dropped several notches in my estimation when he did his little interview with Obama. I'll probably see it eventually.
Book Review: Her Gates Will Never Be Shut (Brad Jersak)
I shall add this book to the small list of books* that has powerfully shaken my grip on my perceived reality only to give me a far greater appreciation for the love of God and His holding together all things.
Her Gates Will Never Be Shut: Hope, Hell and the New Jerusalem by Bradley Jersak is an exhaustive study into the origins of the western doctrine of hell, the biblical understandings of hell, careful analysis of punishment vs. judgement, and finally an inspiring contemplative work on what the New Earth will look like.
Jersak does not only approach the topic of hell theologically. In the opening chapters of the book, he exhausts the historical understandings and uses of the Gehenna (Valley of Hinnom) by comparing Jesus and Jeremiah's prophetic use of the valley laying outside Jerusalem's walls to the presence of Gehenna in the writings in the Book of Enoch - an inter-testamental book of prophecy and history that is not included in either the Jewish or Christian canon. Bringing such light on a word that is often understood as referring to hell where the damned will suffer for eternity is vital - and in fact redeeming to the gospel.
There is also a great element of pastoral concern for Christians. Jersak writes as an evangelical to evangelicals knowing that any challenge to a deeply rooted doctrine concerning the character of God is going to raise some ire. What is remarkable is Jersak's gentleness and caution when drawing conclusions. From my perspective, with God's love in your heart and the call of Jesus to "love your enemies," it would be near impossible to reject the hopefulness, beauty, and life spring that is proclaimed in the final chapters of this book. It is also reckless to not heed the warnings associated with hating your brother or sister as the gaze of Christ is inevitable.
*The other four books are:
- A New Kind of Christian (Brian McLaren)
- Walking with the Poor (Bryant Myers)
- Surprised by Hope (NT Wright)
- The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind (Mark Noll)
Brew 6: Bock & Witbier
As a beer aficionado so far I have tended towards the British, Belgian and American ales (india pale ales, abbey ales, stouts, browns, etc.). The only German exceptions to this has really been the hefeweizen which is very pleasant in the summer and the bock (or doppelbock) which I rarely buy, but always enjoy.
So, in order to expand my skills and taste, I attempt the witbier - a lighter, more floral ale and my first lager style - a traditional bock. Lagers are trickier because they require 4 weeks and a 10ºC atmosphere to ferment. Fortunately, I have such an atmosphere to place this in: an empty, unused fridge in the laundry/furnace/brewing room. Alex has lent me his temperature controller:
I decided that since I plan to brew semi-regularly for the next few years, it is probably time I gathered my own equipment. There is something responsible about sharing equipment, but it's quite a hassle to drive across the city and borrow gear when Alex isn't using it. Amber and I went out one night last week and we picked up a 28.5L turkey fryer at Canadian Tire, copper tubing at RONA, and a 45L cooler at Target (which is liquidating their inventory - first time I ever went in there actually!). I picked up some incidental parts at RONA as I assembled things.
As a result I have a mash tun made of a cooler with a 1/2" hole cut at the base of one end where a copper pipe manifold fits into it from the outside and where a plastic hose fits on the outside. I couldn't manage to find the proper fittings for a valve, so I just use gravity to ensure I don't spill my wort. It barely leaks. ;)
My new turkey fryer serves as the kettle where I boil the sweet wort collected from my mash tun. I use a copper pipe coil as my wort chiller at the end of the boil to bring the temperature down quickly. One end connects to the garden hose tap outside and the other end drains into a bucket.
My chiller is pretty wimpy, but it still cools at a rate of 4-5ºC/min which is way better than filling the bathtub with ice and cold water and waiting 2-3 hours. Beyond that, I already had 1 primary fermenter, 2 carboys, and all the tubing, manual pump, bottling gear, stoppers, and airlocks.
Wyeast provides a great out for last minute / lazy brewers like me. I don't have time or spare wort to get a little yeast culture going the night before a brew.
My recipes came from Brewing Classic Styles: 80 Winning Recipes Anyone Can Brew. Each brew session (I did one Sunday afternoon and another on Monday morning) takes about 4 hours, the most intensive parts are the cleaning before and after.
I wake up in the night after brewing and I just have to check to see if it has begun fermenting. My one primary fermenter holds my witbier which has a strong citrus aroma. I have an airlock (tube running to a bottle with water so the CO2 can escape without letting unsavory elements in) on my bock, so I have no idea how it smells. But it's doing the bloop bloop thing very nicely in the refrigerator.
I should be able to sample these in about 6 weeks - unlike my previous November brew which will not be ready until May.
276 years ago a certain François "le jeune" Robichaud (my 6th great grandfather or 8 generations back) marries Marie LeBorgne de Belleisle, a woman of noble French lineage, but also the great-grand-daughter of the Madokawondo, Chief of the Penobscot Tribe. François and Marie escaped the Great Dispersion of Acadians in 1755 with 5 young children. Their son settled on the east coast of New Brunswick where the Robichaud family remains today.
15 generations earlier, one of Marie's ancestors is Louis IX, a Capetian King of France who ruled France for half of the 13th century. Louis IX led the 7th and 8th Crusades. During the 7th, he was taken prisoner by the Egyptians but was ransomed for 1/3 of France's annual income. He died of dysentry in Carthage after landing their to begin the 8th Crusade. He's the St. Louis by the way.
7 generations of French Kings earlier, Robert "The Pious" II marries Constance of Arles (my 30th generation ancestor) in 1001, his third wife. Their marriage is stormy and Robert is urged by friends to repudiate her. Robert even tries to get a third divorce so he can go back to his second wife, a first cousin - this is refused by the pope. Constance continually encourages her 3 sons to challenge their father for more power which caused a lot of family strife. Eventually they challenged her and she yielded.
Constance's great-grand-father, Louis "The Blind" King of Provence and for a short time the Holy Roman Emperor (901-905) is betrothed to Anna, the daughter of the Byzantine Emperor Leo VI "The Wise." This is a diplomatic move made to consolidate power in southern Italy. It didn't work very well as Louis is blinded in a battle trying to maintain control over Italy who wasn't keen on serving him because he couldn't stem Magyar attacks.
Anna's mother is of noble Armenian descent. Leo VI, Anna's father, was the son of Eudokia Ingerina and either one of two different men: Michael III who had Eudokia as a mistress or Basil I who married her afterwards and had Michael killed. And thus ends this particular line due to the uncertain lineage. We do know that Eudokia's family was iconoclastic and therefore hated by Michael's mother. Her parents were Ingr, a Varangian guard, and Martiniake.
Tolkien on Screen
When Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings were released in theatre, I attended each installation multiple times. I knew I wouldn't regret seeing the retelling of Tolkien's magnificent myth of redemption, loss, heroism, immortality, reclamation and friendship on the big screen as many times as I could. When The Return of the King was released, Amber and I called in subs for the afternoon and watched the entire trilogy (extended editions for parts 1 and 2) in the theatre. Every attendee, hardcore fans each one, received a figurine complete with one film frame of each movie in it.
When The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies was released last month, I attended the IMAX 3D trilogy of The Hobbit realizing about halfway through how fit one must be to endure a 9 hour film. No souvenir this time though.
The battles, dialogues, locations, and myriad of characters draw me in without fail. I become a child again each time I see the circle door at Bag End. I am smitten by the elven architecture at Rivendell. I'm terrified along with the hobbits at the Dark Riders and along with the Riders of Rohan as they face the oliphants. I'm heartbroken with Pippin as Denethor sends Faramir to sure death. I'm stirred by Theoden's speech to the Rohirrim before sending them into battle and Aragorn's final words at the Black Gate. I giggle at Gollum's jabs at Sam and Gimli's reaction to almost everything. I slow down in Lothlorien and Fangorn Forest. I get excited as the camera plunges into the mountain to find Gandalf facing off with the Balrog again in the opening scene of The Two Towers. I can barely hold it together when Sam laments on the side of Mount Doom "Rosie Cotton dancing. She had ribbons in her hair. If ever I were to marry someone, it would have been her. It would have been her." I could go on and on.
I am watching The Hobbit again this week, this time with the extended scenes. I am thoroughly enjoying everything that is added. There is far more context with the dwarves and their quest and even with the necromancer. I particularly enjoyed seeing a child Bilbo at a party of Old Took's meeting Gandalf for the first time and the added scenes with Beorn, the Goblin King, Bombur sleeping from the enchanted waters of Mirkwood, and the flashback of the burial of the witch king of Angmar are just gems! I found it fascinating how they completely left out the Dwarf rings in the theatrical version and included discussion of them in both extended editions.
I am still disappointed that they never included Gandalf tracking down Gollum and interviewing him. The absence of Old Man Willow and Tom Bombadil or the substitution of Arwen for Glorfindel didn't bother me very much as it would have compromised the film narrative, but having rangers catching Gollum and Gandalf prying info out of him would have been dramatic delight.
The complaints I've heard and what I've read in the poor reviews of The Hobbit do not ring true for me. It's an adaptation of a children's book and it's made for fans of The Lord of the Rings. I think of that lovely scene in Finding Neverland at the opening of the play Peter Pan and they have added children to the audience among all the adults. I think that you must have a child's heart to enjoy Peter Jackson's The Hobbit. The one recommendation I would have made would have been to make the fighting a little more believable. Bilbo knocking over a 7 foot, fully armoured Gundabad orc by throwing a rock... That said, I did enjoy all of Legolas's activities for the pure unbelievability of it.
And I have to say, I love these figurines from Weta Workshop. If I had lots of money... and lots of shelf space...
Doll Bed for a Little Mama
My daughter Acadia drew her cousin's name in the Christmas gift draw. We decided that we (I) would build her a little bed for a doll and we could paint it together. I bought and cut the wood necessary for two little cribs and kept one set for Acadia as a gift. We assembled the first one for my niece and immediately Acadia began using it with her doll, Emma. We found her one afternoon curled up next to her doll with just the lights from the Christmas tree.
Acadia chose pink to paint her cousin's bed and she did a great job painting it. We painted some purple stars on the head and foot boards.
Christmas morning, my niece put her doll right into the new bed. Acadia got 5 pieces of cut wood tied together with a bow. I could see she was glad to have her own now that she was giving up the one she used most of December.
Together we assembled, puttied, sanded, then painted hers pink too. Acadia chose a font for the word LOVE and requested a couple hearts for the footboard. I painted the words and hearts with a tiny paintbrush.
This project/gift reminded me of a Christmas gift my father made for me when I was 5 or 6. He made a couple wooden trucks. Sadly, these burned in a house fire a year or two later. They were really quite nice as he is a real craftsman.
Book Review: God and the Gay Christian (Vines)
This is the second book I've read on gay theology, along with countless blog posts and articles. The issue of homosexuality within the Christian sphere has been so hyper-politicized that it is difficult for anyone to have a thoughtful conversation on the topic when it challenges the most conservative prevailing view that homosexuality is explicitly condemned in the Bible and that being gay is a choice (and if it isn't a choice, then gays still don't have a choice as they must remain celibate). This book by Matthew Vines is meant to introduce Christians to alternate readings of Scripture and promote an affirming view of gay marriage and homosexuals in general within the Church.
Vines discusses the mandatory 6 biblical references to homosexuality (Genesis 19:5; Leviticus 18:22; Leviticus 20:13; Romans 1:26-27, I Corinthians 6:9; I Timothy 1:10) and attempts to place each passage in its historical context - a highly patriarchal society where women had very legal recourse and where the Greeks thought of women as deformed men. Vines also focuses on the relevant issues of mandatory celibacy for gay Christians, how homosexuals have been treated within the Church (a demonstration of the fruit of the spirit?), homosexuals being made in the image of God, marriage as a covenant and grace.
All the statements are footnoted with sources and it is clear that Vines has done his research. What is disappointing is that he does not grant any points to his opposition. The issue from my perspective is very grey and both sides of the debate are able to defend their position either through a literal interpretation of the English Bible and church tradition or through a reinterpretation of the Bible through the lens of modern science, historical context, progressive revelation, and a desire to extend communion to a hurting community of believers.
From my perspective, the way Christians have dealt with homosexuals in their midst has been tragic and indefensible. A conversation is necessary and it must be framed with respect and love for the other - not fear and loathing.
Anger; Control; Pride; Humility; Peace.
Anger is an area of my life where I have always struggled and sensed the Holy Spirit continually with Her finger twisting in my side. As a child I would become enraged at my unfair sisters. As a teacher I have directed my anger at disrespectful students. As a commuter I have fumed at ungracious drivers. As a father I have unleashed my wrath towards my slothful children. As a husband I have been cross with my indifferent wife. As a professional I have expressed my outrage when my coworkers are unprofessional. Etc. . .
When I consider how Christ has dealt with our ineptitudes through humility, patience and sacrifice, I am convicted at how slow I am to be humble, patient and inconvenienced by others ineptitudes.
Oh, and my principal's name is Mr. Anger. An ever present reminder of possibility.
I have had many occasions to reflect on this emotion and I have come to several conclusions:
When I was in Guatemala I led the distribution of efficient wood cooking stoves that were donated by some Canadians. These stoves reduced the amount of wood you would need and remove the smoke from homes where people were cooking over open fires. The first distribution was to about 30 families and these families were selected by another member of our team, a Guatemalan. I ensured that the recipients attended the training, I helped with the installation, I collected the money the families contributed to the stoves, and finally I sent thank you notes and photos to the donors. Through out this process I was struck by the fact that half of the recipients were close friends of the person selecting the families and that many of these families were not going to be using the stoves as their primary stove, but rather as an outdoor bbq - in other words, they were families with enough means to have gas stoves in their homes. I was incensed that we were dishonouring the donors and preventing people who really needed a stove from getting one. Unfortunately, once my dismay was expressed, I was told that I was being insubordinate. I wonder if I would have been labelled that if I had been able to contain my anger.
I remember becoming quite enraged at a couple grade 8 boys during my first year teaching. It was one of the last days of class and I was showing a fun movie during a multi-media options class. These boys weren't interested in the movie so they were talking to each other quite loudly making it difficult for their classmates to even hear the film. I asked the nicely several times to stop talking and finally yelled at them and kicked them out of the class... prompting a meeting with their parents where I was the one apologizing.
My children are wonderful, patient, kindhearted and sometimes absentminded kids. When they are sent to bed, they know what to do: brush their teeth, go to the bathroom, get their PJs on and then they are tucked in with a prayer. My daughter has a really hard time focusing on getting her PJs on sometimes. She will go to her room and just sit on her bed for five minutes. This can cast a cloud of ire over me and I have a very hard time asking her pick up the pace, especially when she denies that she isn't going at a fair pace.I get angry when I don't have control over a situation or over people. The problem is that in many instances, I don't really have the right to have control over those people. One of my favourite sermons is one by my current pastor on the very subject of anger. He related a story from the previous week where he became very impatient with his wife while he was writing his sermon on anger. Of course he was immediately convicted by the arrogance the he was demonstrating towards his wife - what right did he have to cast judgement on the actions of his wife? This stuck with me.
When I consider how Christ has dealt with our ineptitudes through humility, patience and sacrifice, I am convicted at how slow I am to be humble, patient and inconvenienced by others ineptitudes.
Oh, and my principal's name is Mr. Anger. An ever present reminder of possibility.
30 Months of Co-Living
We are into the middle of our third year at the RobiRoost where we share a 5 bedroom house with another family of 4 (their last name also begins with Robi...). It was meant to be a single year of co-living in transition between our former homes and the anticipated cohousing project we were all a part of. When the project was delayed and then abandoned, both our families were left in a bit of a quandary and so we moved to a different house and continued our home sharing.
Our families live remarkably well together. We share essential tastes in food, drink, activities, movies, beliefs, and lifestyle. There is a mutual care and respect for each other. We trust each other. We play together. Look after each other's children for date nights. We built and then enjoyed a beer advent calendar (more on this soon). This arrangement has given us some relief from the disappointment of losing our cohousing dream as we have built in community.
My children will certainly have a defined memory of these surrogate siblings and parents. They get tucked in once a week by either Jasen or Heather. They play Lego and superhero and house and watch morning cartoons on the weekend with their housemates.
We decided to celebrate our big family Christmas by going out for some food and then walking around Commonwealth Park to see the holiday lights. It was nice to relax together in this way. For me it demonstrated that getting together is not as special as it used to be. We've crossed a familiarity barrier that few people cross beyond the nuclear family. It's uncharted territory. I joke with my work colleagues about having a sister-wife and brother husband because I haven't found an easier way to explain who they are.
This fine family has inspired, encouraged, nourished, shared, commiserated with, challenged and blessed ours. I hope we have been able to do the same for them as they have become very special to us.
Cheers to 30 months together!
Historical Tour of Romance
I asked Amber out just over 17 years ago. She accepted my invitation to go for a hot drink at Kavaccinos in Lacombe and our relationship sprouted, budded and blossomed from that night in September. We decided to take the kids to this coffee shop and share some memories.
I was super nervous to ask her out. So nervous that I had to go to Lakeview Hall twice in the attempt - the first time she was in the lobby with a group of people which completely unnerved me. the second time I phoned the wrong Amber from the dorm lobby (I didn't know her last name) first and then finally got her on the phone. I borrowed my sister's car and took her out. I had no idea then what kind of joy would come from this euphoric date.
The coffee and food were better than I remember. Spending time with Amber gets sweeter everyday though.
We met at CUC which is changing its name from Canadian University College to Burman University (a move I fully endorse). I was on the welcoming team of upperclassmen when Amber arrived as a freshman. She caught my eye when she joined my jellybean group where we played a dumb name game. I emerged from Freshmen Orientation completely smitten. I had to ask her out just to put my mind at ease so I could continue with my studies.
After our initial date, we went on walks around the lakes at CUC. We took the kids down the hill behind the dorm to the path beside Lake Barnett.
Our first kiss was on one of these walks. I ended up kissing Amber's teeth because she was smiling so big. We've managed to improve on that one since.
One of the moments when I have sensed God's presence most profoundly was in the week or two following the beginning of our relationship. I was on my way to early morning classes walking up College Avenue when I was overwhelmed with how God had blessed me with this remarkable companion.
Whitemud Park
Went for a walk in Edmonton's Whitemud Park in mid-December with some good old friends. Lots of up and down on some rather slick hills, but the views were sights were stellar. The low winter sun and low lying fog on Whitemud Creek provided some wonderful visuals.
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This page contains information on the research administration activities of the UWB Office of Research. External funding reports, useful links for proposal preparation and post award compliance, upcoming proposal workshops are just a few of the items that can be found here. Please use the drop-down menu on the left for available information or click below.
Student participation in Study Abroad programs have doubled in the last two years. Students have visited 45 countries.

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Is solid-state lighting LED the future for street lighting? If so, the future is now. The Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance (NEEA) and the City of Seattle will take a look at solid-state street lighting in the Pacific Northwest when they collaborate on a three-night streetlight test in Seattle's Ballard neighborhood March 6 - 8.
The study is designed to demonstrate the effectiveness of solid-state lighting (SSL) using LEDs. NEEA, working with Seattle City Light and the Seattle Department of Transportation (SDOT), will test the theory that the broad spectrum of light from SSL products will let municipalities and utilities dim streetlights to lower levels, saving significant energy while still making streets safer for drivers and pedestrians. Solid-state lighting enhances peripheral vision, depth of field and color representation.
Results from the Seattle test will be combined with data from streetlight tests in other cities to create a regional design guide for Northwest municipalities – and municipalities across North and South America – looking to replace existing high-pressure sodium lights.
"These tests will illustrate how LED streetlights use far less energy while maintaining safety and better vision for Seattle residents," said Edward Smalley, director of the U.S. Department of Energy's Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium.
In general, LED streetlights use up to 50% less energy than traditional street lighting technologies. Seattle City Light has already installed 20,000 LED streetlights. They have reduced energy consumption by more than 40% compared to the high-pressure sodium lights they replaced. By adding control systems, these public lighting sources could save 25% more.
"We're excited to leverage NEEA's regional connections for these tests," Smalley said. "We believe this will encourage many other communities to join Seattle in adopting more energy-efficient lighting."
Currently, the Northwest has 1.7 million streetlights. Many of these fixtures are nearing their end of life, and are both energy inefficient and expensive to maintain. Municipalities and utilities are showing more interest in LEDs for streetlights to save costs and increase customer safety. Solid-state lighting using LEDs may prove to be an attractive option featuring significant energy savings.
According to the Northwest Power and Conservation Council's 6th Power Plan and independent analysis by NEEA, the Northwest has the potential to save up to 115 average megawatts (aMW) each year by adopting solid-state LED streetlight technology. This is the equivalent to powering 87,750 homes per year—greater than the current number of households in Tacoma, Wash.
"The Seattle LED streetlight tests will guide the national move to LED streetlight technology," said Dr. Ronald B. Gibbons, director, Center for Infrastructure Based Safety Systems, Virginia Tech Transportation Institute (VTTI). "We want to help cities and municipalities offer residents better safety with lower operating costs and less energy use."
For the actual test, a professional driver will pilot an instrumented car on blocked-off streets while passengers perform object detection tests at 35 mph along the route. Both traditional streetlights and LED lights will be used to compare how participants see the same objects under different lighting levels. Residents will also walk the course and rate the streetlights based on their perceptions of quality and safety.
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Standard 189.1 seeks to expand renewable energy definition.
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Guidance to improve energy efficiency of all aspects of data center operation.
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Best practices for infection prevention linked to hand irritation.
State policies may not cut greenhouse gas emissions.
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Government energy consumption continues its decline.
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Proposed guideline would standardize collision deterrence testing.
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County pension plan meant only for officers keeps growing every year
Active and retired list of those covered by UOPP
In fall 2006, voters narrowly approved an upgraded pension plan intended only for uniformed officers in the Knox County Sheriff's Office.
A committee that met outside public view later expanded the eligibility rules, according to records. Key decisions were made in small committee meetings — meetings that some members today said they can't even recall.
Little notice went out to the public as the plan came together, except for a piece of paper tacked onto a wall down a hallway of the City County Building.
And when it came time to bless the final package, one of the county's biggest expenditures in decades, the Knox County Commission approved it without deliberation. Some of those who voted for it directly benefited by it or had family members who would benefit by it.
And now, the Uniformed Officers Pension Plan, or UOPP, costs taxpayers $8.2 million a year — almost three times what was first projected, figures show. Funding costs are expected to rise even more — millions more — just to ensure pensioners get their money.
Newly reviewed documents and meeting minutes show the retirement plan was hastily assembled without a clear understanding of the financial ramifications. Contrary to what the public was promised, more people have been added to the retirement plan — further boosting costs — and more county employees are seeking to be added to the plan.
What a small few cautioned about five years ago has indeed come to pass in 2011: Knox County is carrying a multimillion-dollar burden. And some county leaders wonder if it's even worth keeping.
"There's a lot of questions about the plan and who should be on it," said County Commissioner Tony Norman, a member of the pension board that administers the county's retirement programs.
The Sheriff's Office retirement program is confusing, some pension board representatives admit, and members don't always interpret it the same. It's also facing a potential legal challenge from some civilian workers who argue they're entitled to join.
"I understood that it would include those out on patrol and the jailers," said Craig Leuthold, a former commissioner. "But now the debate is over who qualifies. It was always discussed that this was for the officers, the jailers. That's what we thought we were voting on."
The plan's supporters, however, say it's done a lot of good.
Morale in the Sheriff's Office has increased since approval, officers say. So, too, have recruiting and retention rates for deputies, who now don't leave in search of better benefits, according to the Knox County Human Resources Department.
The office, Sheriff Jimmy "J.J." Jones argues, saves hundreds of thousands of dollars each year because it doesn't have to train as many new deputies because of turnover.
And, he says, the average deputy today is younger than ones several years ago — something that's key to fighting crime. Under the original retirement program, which operated like a 401(k) plan, the department had roughly 10 retirees. Now the program has 55 retirees and another 720 members who are active.
Those eligible who work for 30 years get the maximum: 75 percent of the two highest years of salary while employed, and an automatic 3 percent cost of living increase every year.
"We had people literally dying at their desks," said Jones. "They couldn't afford to retire and enjoy the last few decades of their lives."
Said Chris Olson, a former 20-year Knox County deputy: "This was a necessity. We had officers on the road who were 60 years old. This is a young man's game."
It's also turned into an expensive game for the tens of thousands of residents who pay Knox County's bills.
And, it all started with a conversation between former Sheriff Tim Hutchison and a county bailiff who was a former investigator with the Knoxville Police Department.
The groundwork
Sometime in 2002, Stan McCroskey visited Hutchison, a longtime family friend, at his house.
McCroskey said the two chatted for a while and their talks slowly turned toward dipping retirement plans and the small benefits that deputies got.
"Tim said to me: 'Do you realize when I retire, I'm going to bring home $1,700 a month, yet it'll cost me $800 a month in insurance?" recalled McCroskey, who was hired by Hutchison in 1998 and worked as a bailiff until 2010. "I thought to myself, 'Wow, I'm going to make more than that and he's the sheriff.' "
Months later, McCroskey told fellow FOP members "we have to do something for these guys," referring to the deputies.
Over the next four years, the local organization, composed of all arms of local law enforcement as well as members of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and the Federal Bureau of Investigation, researched the costs for an upgraded pension. They debated ways to sell it to the public.
By January 2005, McCroskey was the president of the local FOP. He approached the Knox County Retirement and Pension Board.
The group had already met in Nashville with an actuary, someone who computes figures in regard to uncertain future events dealing with insurance and pension programs. The FOP wanted a retirement plan that would mirror the City of Knoxville's decades-old pension, called "Plan C."
"We realize that it will be costly up front, but over the long run it will be sound," McCroskey told county officials, according to minutes of the Jan. 24, 2005, pension board meeting, adding that county officers were "not happy" with their retirement package.
By spring, actuaries for the pension board and the FOP started crunching numbers to determine the upfront costs.
The FOP used Alan Pennington from Bryan, Pendleton, Swats and McAllister, the same actuary the City of Knoxville uses, records show. The pension board relied on USI Consulting Group, which has an office in Knoxville.
At first, each side couldn't agree on the price tag. The FOP wanted the county to amortize the costs, or, rather, spread out the payments, so that the plan was less expensive to start.
The county's administration, led by Mayor Mike Ragsdale, said it couldn't amortize because the charter required the county to fully fund any new plan at inception.
The two actuaries then agreed that the county would need $57 million to cover its share of the unfunded liability. The workers who wanted in would have to turn over the mandatory investments they'd already made to the current plan — a combined $39 million to fully fund it.
The organization and the deputies had to move fast in 2006 because it was an election year and the FOP wanted to put the new plan before voters.
Pension board attorney Richard Beeler raised a concern, meeting minutes show.
"The definition included in the proposed plan needs a better definition of who is eligible," he said during a May 22, 2006, pension board meeting.
McCroskey answered: "If you were eligible to be a member of the FOP, then that is who should be included in the plan." He added that crew chiefs, secretaries and maintenance positions would not be eligible.
And that was what the plan's supporters, and even those wary of the plan, told officials. It would be only for uniformed officers — the men and women who risked their lives every day.
It would bump the average worker's retirement from roughly $700 a month to about $1,800 a month, and encourage older employees to retire. The department then would bring in younger recruits.
Who should be eligible?
County Commission in September 2006 approved an ordinance to let residents vote — with one caveat. The ballot question had to say the plan would have an 8-cent per year property tax impact on the county budget.
At that time, 8 cents equaled a 3 percent hike in the county's rate of $2.69 per $100 of assessed value, an additional $30 per year on a $150,000 home.
"They already had the votes to get it to the ballot, but I wanted to get something on there — something that would at least let the voters be more informed," said Leuthold, who requested the addition to the ballot question.
During the meeting, only Commissioner Mike Hammond asked who would qualify under the plan, according to an audio recording of the meeting.
Bob Cross, southeast region president of USI, responded: "The sworn officers, I believe, is the official definition."
Hammond: "Let's say others want to join in. Could they?"
Cross: "Other retirement systems that have adopted provisions like this are very, very careful in terms of how they define sworn officers. And I think that if you have a plan and for it to maintain its qualified status it's important that individuals who are — only individuals eligible in accords with the definitions in terms of the plan be admitted to the plan. If you admit other individuals who are not eligible, you run into all kinds of problems."
Leuthold then persuaded nine other commissioners to amend the ballot question to include language that would detail the impact. Other commissioners didn't want to go along. They said the question was already too confusing and, by law, limited to only 300 words.
"I wanted to show them the cost. But that they were in no way voting themselves a tax increase," Leuthold said.
The amendment passed 10-9.
The overall vote — to let voters decide on the plan — was 16-3, with then-commissioners Phil Guthe, John Schmid and Mark Harmon dissenting.
"During the pension board meetings it was all about the numbers and the reports, but then it got into the full-blown political realm and to the people who didn't have all the details," said Guthe, who served on the pension board until mid-2006. "There were a lot of people who became enamored with the idea that I can help these sheriff's deputies and it might help me win re-election.
"There was very little thought on how it would impact county finances. It became a purely political battlefront."
The FOP launched an all-out campaign to support the measure, spending more than $20,000 on television commercials and newspaper advertisements, the organization said. Members took to the airwaves, rented billboards, passed out fliers and encouraged residents to stake pro-pension signs in their yards.
McCroskey, concerned that not enough deputies were "working the polls," said he contacted Hutchison. The sheriff relayed the word, and his officers hit the neighborhoods, precincts and any public event where they could voice their message.
Just days before the Nov. 7 election, Hutchison, who declined to comment for this article, penned a letter to the media.
"Police officers have jobs that are dangerous, dealing on a daily basis with that part of society regular citizens don't ever see," it read in part. "They work long hours, with hard shifts, working Christmas, Thanksgiving, birthdays, anniversaries, while the citizens they protect enjoy those times with their families. They are constantly being assaulted, verbally abused, sued and (whether their actions are right or wrong) subjected to constant criticism by the media."
Also, on Halloween that year, a homeless man from Virginia shot and killed Russell Kocur, a 75-year-old Halls High School security officer. Kocur would not have benefited under the plan. He did not work for the Sheriff's Office and was not a licensed officer, but some officials wonder whether it played a role at the ballot boxes.
In early voting, the plan lost by 1,300 votes. But in the end, it won by a margin of 497 votes out of 103,529 cast.
"It was a grassroots effort of the working officers," said Sheriff's Capt. Rick Trott, a longtime pension board member. "Our lodge is made up of deputies, city police, UT police, some ATF members and the FBI, and we're all doing the same job in the same community, so the pay and benefits should be pretty close. We all worked together."
KPD investigator Brian Moran, the state FOP president at the time, agreed.
"We did this for the deputies," he said. "It didn't seem right that deputies were working until they died. We wanted to make it more equal to what the city had."
The ballot question said the plan would benefit "uniformed officers." But no one in the county had actually etched in stone just what "uniformed officers" meant.
That would come next in a series of meetings that appeared to violate the state's sunshine laws, a review shows.
Open discussion?
The new pension plan needed to be in place by July 1, 2007, the beginning of the upcoming fiscal year.
That meant the pension board, which operates autonomously from the rest of county government, had to develop the plan, develop a communication strategy, meet one-on-one with every officer to decide whether they should switch over to it, then enroll those who were eligible, said Kim Bennett, the pension board's executive director. The pension board also needed to twice vote on the plan and the County Commission also had to sign off on it.
In late November 2006 — shortly after voters gave the go-ahead for the plan — John Griess, a former commissioner and then-chairman of the pension board, appointed himself, Sheriff's Capt. Rick Trott and then-Commissioner Ivan Harmon and Dot Mills, a now-retired school systems administrative assistant, to the Documents Committee, according to the Nov. 20, 2006, pension board meeting minutes.
The committee, a sub-panel of the pension board, is composed of board members and meets irregularly to talk about changes and interpretations to county retirement plans.
The body held four crucial meetings in late 2006 and early 2007 to hash out details of the UOPP, records show. Members were often joined by its executive director, attorneys and an actuary. Officials said they don't recall anyone from the public attending.
By law, the pension board's office is supposed to keep the minutes and adequately notify the public about the meetings, some local attorneys and state and count officials said. No one did.
Committee members said recently that they were unaware that minutes weren't taken, but Trott, who is the pension board's current chairman and served at the time as Document Committee chairman, said they "weren't purposely not taken."
He added that he didn't know why the office didn't better notify the public, but said "in hindsight all I can think of is that the committee only makes recommendations, so everything discussed there would be disclosed to the full board."
Minutes to the pension board meetings that took place after the Document Committee met, however, reveal almost nothing that occurred during the Document Committee meetings.
Beeler, the pension board attorney, said he wasn't aware of possible sunshine law violations.
"I thought we had it covered as far as the (sunshine) act is concerned," he said. "But I know anyone who had interest in (the meetings), knew about (them)."
When asked why the minutes weren't kept, Bennett didn't respond.
When asked why the meetings weren't adequately publicly noticed, she said they were announced in pension board meetings, and a time and date was listed in small letters on a sheet of paper outside her office, which is down a narrow hallway, tucked to the west side of the City County Building on the third floor.
"We had them scheduled and we discussed them in the board meetings, and we posted them on the bulletin board which serves, in part, as notices," she said.
The executive director of the Tennessee Coalition for Open Government said that's inadequate. And, Frank Gibson questions whether they were even legal.
"I'd say they might have some difficulty if someone challenged the actions of that subcommittee," Gibson said. "The sunshine laws apply to committees and subcommittees and anyone making recommendations to the governing body. I would also read that to mean that they should have kept the minutes, too. They have to be open just like the pension board."
Joe Jarret, who took over the county law department in April 2010, said: "Just talking about it and posting on a bulletin board? That's debatable. How would the general public know about it?"
In the meantime, Griess said he didn't recall serving on the committee.
"I have no recollection of it," he said. "I'm going to plead lack of memory. I don't know why we didn't keep the minutes. We should have."
Harmon, a pension board member for eight years and recently eliminated as a candidate in the Knoxville mayoral race, also offered little.
"I don't remember," he said.
Bill Mason, a pension board attorney who was brought in to write the UOPP, said the board had no reason to hide what it was doing.
He said members were "under pressure" to create a plan as soon as possible, "so from my point of view we were trying to spotlight the issues — not the opposite."
"Communicating the issues was important," he said. "We were much better off getting the issues out and talking about them."
Mason said common practice was for the committee chairman to update the board on the prior meeting's activities, so "I don't think it was objectionable if they didn't keep minutes."
He declined to comment on whether the meetings were adequately advertised, adding that he wasn't involved in the process.
Committee member Mills, though, said it wasn't common to keep minutes, since the committee would talk about the meetings during pension board hearings.
Still, officials worked to decide just who would be eligible for the plan.
Perhaps, though, the committee should have ironed out the details before the proposal was brought to voters — not after, said former Commissioner Wanda Moody.
"When you don't tie things down, it gives you an opportunity to mess with it," said Moody, who served until September 2006.
Who is an 'officer'?
The pension board used a number of documents to determine who could join the UOPP.
The first was a rough draft of an eligibility list of people and positions that officials crafted in the spring of 2006 when they were trying to determine startup costs, Mason said.
The FOP and the mayor's office looked it over, determining about 770 people could be eligible.
"The preliminary list was massaged several times to come to a general agreement of what it (the definition of officer) meant," Bennett said.
The Ragsdale administration had its chief administrative officer, Dwight Van de Vate, review it, because he had previously served as a chief deputy in the Sheriff's Office. He was familiar with the positions and duties.
Van de Vate said he "checked off" patrol officers, correctional officers, transportation officers, uniformed court officers and "employees of that nature."
"The civilian officers and administration and records and clerks and nonuniformed officers — the bailiffs — the unarmed ones and generally folks of that nature seemed to be outside the stated intent of the plan," said Van de Vate, now the county's director of Public Works and Engineering. "This was just my opinion. Any 10 people could have looked at the same composition of employees and come up with a different list."
Few knew about the list, and it was not given to county commissioners. But it could have provided some insight into just who would be eligible for the plan before it went to the voters.
"I think the voters were saying this would be for the uniformed officers — the men and women putting their lives on the line," Ragsdale said. "I don't think they thought this would be set up for the civilian-type of workers under the sheriff's department."
Pension board officials said they tried to remain true to the City of Knoxville's retirement plan, which they used as a blueprint.
The chains of command in the Police Department and the Sheriff's Office are different, however. The sheriff is elected and has an administrative staff; and, although they do not necessarily have to be sworn police officers, they are charged with overseeing the direction of law enforcement.
The city's plan, which also includes the Knoxville Fire Department, states: "Uniformed bodies being commonly referred to as policeman or fireman" are eligible. It also says "that term shall not include meter maids, park police, airport police and firemen, crossing guards or auxiliary police."
"We literally just have policemen and firemen in the departments," said Mike Cherry, executive director of the Knoxville Pension Board. "You have to be sworn in and certified (by Police Officer Standards and Training Commission) to be a police officer."
He said other employees, like a finance director, might work in the Police Department but they are "general government employees" and are not eligible.
The Document Committee decided to include two attorneys, a position not generally associated with fighting crime. Yet, both attorneys must know how to use a gun, according to the position description provided by the merit system.
"We struggled over this and it was not fun," said Trott, who also worked for the KPD before joining the Sheriff's Office. "I'll tell you that 80 percent of the time was spent directly related to eligibility. The rest of it you can pull from the KPD plan."
He said the committee mostly looked at positions and not people.
"One you would want to include would be the chief deputy because, depending on the skills, the sheriff may want someone in there who is not a policeman, but vital to the department, so you'd want them eligible," he said. "There are people in there who will be directly responsible for the way law enforcement in this county goes. Obviously, they are law enforcement officers, but they might not be a person who went to the police academy or had all this training."
Mason added: "At the top of an organization headed by an elected official there will be a chief assistant who has the sheriff's confidence, but they'll also be essential to the law enforcement carried out by the department, so I didn't have a problem that those guys are covered by the plan."
Others, including a number of local attorneys, disagree with the current definition written into the plan. They said it's much broader than just "uniformed officers."
"They've included all these people in the plan and they're not officers," said Knoxville lawyer Herbert S. Moncier, who sued the pension board and county in 2007 in an attempt to rewrite the plan and eliminate some of the eligible positions. The lawsuit is dormant.
A quick, final vote
The pension board unanimously signed off on the 65-page plan the morning of Feb. 26, 2007, according to meeting minutes.
That afternoon, county commissioners approved it. More than three-fourths of the commission — those who were not on the pension board — never received a copy of it, officials say. They didn't talk about who was eligible.
The discussion lasted 10 minutes, according to an audio recording. Officials briefly quizzed the administration about how to fund it. No one sought details from any of the pension board representatives on hand.
It was finally approved 18-1, with then-commissioner Mark Harmon voting against it.
"The whole thing was handled in a disingenuous manner," Harmon said. "I didn't think Knox County could afford it, and I still don't."
Several of the commissioners had relatives who either worked in the Sheriff's Office or who would benefit directly from the plan.
"I probably should have recused myself," said Lee Tramel, a commissioner at the time and an assistant chief deputy with the Sheriff's Office, who did disclose that he would be eligible for it. "But it's an excellent plan. I think a lot of the good has been lost in the politics of it. People get caught up in the 1 percent of the people who will receive the most money from it. But it's an excellent plan and it keeps law enforcement officers younger. I can't stress the importance of it."
Longtime political powerhouse Hutchison, along with a number of county commissioners, had been removed from their positions in January 2007 after the Tennessee Supreme Court effectively upheld the county's term limits provision.
Hutchison remained, however, with the Sheriff's Office as an assistant chief deputy until retiring in July 2007, thereby becoming eligible for the new pension benefits. Under the old system he would have collected $22,000 a year. Under the current one, he started off at a little more than $80,000, which has since increased because of the automatic cost of living adjustment.
It's close to what Phil Keith — his counterpart in the Knoxville Police Department — received when he retired years earlier.
Jones makes no apologies for keeping Hutchison, one of the first to retire under the new system, on board.
"He worked there for more than 30 years," the sheriff said. "I don't care who you are. It wouldn't be fair to kick him to the curb. He deserved the pension."
Adding more beneficiaries
As it stands, the plan defines an "officer" as "a sworn officer regularly employed by the Knox County Sheriff's Office." That definition includes the sheriff, court officers, bailiffs, civil warrant officers and park patrol officers.
The ranks have grown, however.
Four workers from Knox County Probation and Pretrial Release and Electric Monitoring program were transferred from Ragsdale's office to the Sheriff's Office in August 2009, county employee records show. They're now part of the pension.
In the summer of 2010, four workers from Knox County Animal Control were shifted from the Young-Williams Animal Center to the Sheriff's Office. The move, officials said, gives them law enforcement power. They, too, are now on the UOPP.
Also last year, four juvenile court officers transferred to the plan after commissioners signed off on Knox County Juvenile Court Judge Tim Irwin's request to move security out from his command to the Sheriff's Office.
"It made sense to transfer them, and it better protects the public and the county because the issues are liability and training," Jones said. "Plus, most of these people coming in are starting from scratch."
The county contributes $6,000 a year for an employee on the UOPP who earns a $40,000 annual salary, according to finance records. The county pays $2,400 per year for the same employee not under the plan.
Pension board members do not object to the transfers.
"These people are doing the same job now, but for a different entity — the Sheriff's Office," Trott said. "Their status changed. They're not civilian dog catchers like they were before. Now they're deputies who happen to be assigned to that position."
He added that "it's no different if we assigned a deputy to a dog catcher position tomorrow."
Perhaps, the most controversial category eligible for the plan is the "executive officer."
Years after they prepared the plan, pension board authorities — and county taxpayers — face the question of whether executive officers are entitled to a beefed-up pension.
'A double standard'
According to the UOPP, executive officers, a classification that pension board members said is determined by the sheriff, can join the plan.
Jones has 14 such positions, according to a list he provided to the pension board.
Three are political appointee positions and are not covered under the Sheriff's Office merit system. They serve at the pleasure of the sheriff. Although the workers who currently hold these positions — a chief deputy, a major over reserves and an assistant chief — are longtime lawmen, the sheriff could hire anyone for the job, said Gary Hall, executive director of the Knox County Sheriff's Office Merit System Council.
The classification has recently created consternation on the pension board and inside the Sheriff's Office.
Last November, four civilian workers — a finance director, a director of planning and development, a grants manager and an administrative services assistant supervisor — asked pension board members to let them join the retirement plan.
The four women are on Jones' executive officer list. They're the only ones not on the plan. Their attorney, Wanda Sobieski, has told the pension board that the women's predecessors — all men — were once classified as "law enforcement" employees, meaning they could have received the pensions under the plan if it existed when they were with the department.
But the plan does not allow civilian employees to join it.
"It's a double standard," Sobieski said.
Attorney Dennis Francis, who also is representing the applicants, noted that Carleton "Butch" Bryant, a Sheriff's Office attorney, joined the plan last year after arguing that he was mistakenly left off the eligibility list. He also received 15 years' credit for his prior work with the department. The other attorney, Mike Ruble, has been on the plan since its inception. Neither is classified as a civilian employee. Both are listed as executive officers.
In May, the pension board voted 8-1 against the four applicants after board attorney Bill Mason said he didn't think they should be eligible.
The applicants are still debating whether to sue, officials said.
Commissioner Norman, who also serves on the pension board, said determining eligibility entailed a "very complex series of questions.""It's like, well, do you carry a gun? There's a certification process that may be in place, but are we sure these people should be there or not," he said. "It's not as simple as saying your daily workload doesn't involve you in dangerous situations, but you could be just by virtue of being POST certified."
Trott, the dissenting vote, said his decision was "based on written policy."
"The document does not say you have to be an executive officer," he said. "You don't have to carry a gun to be an executive officer; you don't have to make an arrest to be an executive officer."
Trott added: "They're executive officers. The sheriff has the responsibility (to determine that) and the document says they are eligible."
When asked if the sheriff could turn a custodial position into an executive officer position, thus making it eligible for the plan, Trott said: "If you apply that to the document, then it could be done because it says the sheriff has the responsibility to provide to the pension board who is eligible."
Trott, though, said he'd expect the pension board to challenge such a move.
He's right.
Because Mason, who actually wrote the plan, disagreed.
He said executive officers are not corporate officers or representatives, but actual law enforcement officers.
"I see where you could read those words like that, but that was never on my mind," he said.
McCroskey, who is still a member of the FOP and now teaches a jail studies program at Roane State Community College, said he wants only those able to join the FOP to be able to get on the plan.
"You have to be a full-time, compensated law enforcement officer of a jurisdiction to do that," he said. "You don't need to be POST certified, but you have to be recognized and meet the qualifications of your agency."
Moran, who recently stepped down as state FOP president but is still a member, was a little more pointed.
"The pension plan was designed for uniformed law enforcement officers — period," he said. "It's for the sworn officers, the detectives — the traditional law enforcement officers. It's not designed for every Tom, Dick and Harry to be on it. Attorneys? No. Finance people? Absolutely no."
He added that "letting the people on a plan that it wasn't designed for is giving the whole thing a bad name."
Bob Cross, the pension board's actuary, said he initially told the board "this would be an ongoing challenge, trying to determine who would be eligible."
"I knew that people would come before the board and say 'I'm an officer,'" he said. "We've already had the four applicants and I'm sure more will come and say 'I'm an officer."
Cross said the document is "as good of a job as can be done" to determine eligibility, but "those are words on paper and then the board has to make a decision of whether they do."
Last month, Tim Burchett marked his first full year as county mayor. He's troubled by what he sees ahead in the UOPP.
The mayor said it's time to reconsider whether the county really can afford what it costs to keep funding the pension. The annual obligation is growing. So are the number of people trying to take advantage of it.
"They're letting anyone and everyone on the plan," Burchett said. "We're getting further and further away from what the public was told it would be for."
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1 Bedroom/1 Bath Condo at Chateau Blanc- Unit 8
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- 1 bedrooms
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1 Bedroom, 1 Bath (1 split king, sofabed)
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1 Bedroom/1 Bath Condo at Chateau Blanc- Unit 8
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Downtown location but on a quiet street. Two blocks to the grocery store, four blocks to Aspen Mountain, three to four blocks to all shopping and dining. Easy walking everywhere.
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Photo taken under Aqua Illumination Hydra LEDs. Price is for 2 scolys on the same rock.
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text:
quote:Can someone convince me why the Griz won't win the Finals?
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quote:Mattz and pct are two of the best posters. They don't seem to like you though.


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What does KADEWE stand for?
What does KADEWE mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: KADEWE.
We've found a total of 1 definition for KADEWE:
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KaDeWe | Kaufhaus des Westens |
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Michigan #2 behind Oklahoma.
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Hard to argue.
We might play Oklahoma in the BCS National Championship. IF the Sooners are lucky.
EDIT: Goes to the post below this one.
So we play 3 of the top 5 teams in this year alone? That's kind of cool.
4 of the top 6, actually. You left out the National Championship Game against USC!
If they can get past the Arizona schools this year, lol.
Or the Sparty fans who seem to forget it was 7 in a row in Michigans favor prior to RR. The further back we go back, the more embarrassing it gets.
Buh buh but that's the past...
6 in a row... Go blue!
Eight in a row . . . we won in 2000, and I don't recognize Spartan Bob's shenanigans in '01.
Not completely true. MSU was at its peak in the 1950s and 60s, while Michigan was down for many of those years.
The sad spartan reference , we ruled in the 50's.
Oklahoma and their cheating...
The best part of that is reading anything past #80. Great football powers such as Del Monte PF, Norman Pre-Flight, and the El Toro Marines
Hey now, I was stationed at El Toro. You mess with the bull, you get the horns.
Crazy the difference between 1 and 10 pointwise
Big Ten Teams:
2 - Michigan (919)
3 - Ohio State (908)
8 - Nebraska (701)
10 - Penn State (645)
19 - Michigan State (364)
23 - Wisconsin (305)
25 - Iowa (291)
31 - Minnesota (229)
40 - Purdue (195.5)
45 - Illinois (177)
54 - Northwestern (127)
74 - Indiana (63)
Michigan rank's through the decades: 1930's - Others Receiving Votes, 1940's - 1, 1950's - Tied 17th, 1960's - Tied 23rd, 1970's - 4th, 1980's - 3rd, 1990's - 5th, 2000's - 10th, 2010's - 17th
U-M would be #1 on this list if you took out the RR era or if we averaged ranked #15 in those years that would have given us 11 pts per season for 33 additional points
This is even less than the 12 pts per season we average for the 76 years of this poll even with the RR years included
I like the comment about Notre Dame's fall from grace.
And asterisks in the top 10 for two of the all-time cheating programs, OU and Bama.
And PSU's Paterno vacated wins should earn them a special asterisk as well.
Chance this silences the Cooler Poopers' claims of OSU's modern day superiority? 0%.
Chance UM fans can counter with "1,025* days since the last time OSU beat UM?" 100%
*(Guesstimated, and obvi vacated 2010 game thanks cheater Tressel.)
It is very interesting to see this presented as it is in the Scout article, as it definitely seems to mirror where and to what extent the best football has been played over time. Just in the top 25 here, the SEC occupies 8 positions, and the Big Ten has 7 teams. The Pac-12 and ACC have three each and the Big 12 has two.
Perhaps of minor note but interesting as it approximates the Top 25 on the list, the Big Ten, thanks to the distribution of its teams on this list, has the highest average point total at 410, followed by the SEC at 364 and the Big 12 at 275. The Pac-12 and ACC round out the top five.
Army at 29, Duke at 36. This is not that relevant for the past 25 years.
What if we don't count all the years they were buying houses and cars for kids to help them recruit?
What is it if you go by Natl Titles in that time period?


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New year - new authors or old favorites?
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Whatever you're after, we're here to keep you supplied with a year full of reading pleasure.
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How do your books get to you so fast?
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Ask your library staff for more information.


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Tag: hearing aid
ReSound LiNX launches "Made for iPhone" hearing aid
Thanks to a love of loud music, my father wears a hearing aid. For similar reasons, I'm probably going to eventually need a hearing aid. While hearing aid technology has improved every year since they were first introduced in 1898, hearing aids can still be incredibly uncomfortable to use with cel...
Daily Update for November 25, 2013
It's the TUAW Daily Update, your source for Apple news in a convenient audio format. You'll get all the top Apple stories of the day in three to five minutes for a quick review of what's happening in the Apple world. You can listen to today's Apple stories by clicking the inline player (requires Fl...
Danish company collaborates with Apple on hearing aid tech
One reason why I love Apple is that the Cupertino company doesn't innovate just for the sake of innovation. It pushes the envelope on technology to make life better. An excellent example is this upcoming iPhone-compatible hearing aid from Denmarks's GN Store Nord. As reported by Reuters, this new...
Software Updates
more updates- Apple Remote Desktop updated with Yosemite support
- OS X Yosemite 10.10.2, iOS 8.1.3 updates now available
- Sports Illustrated 120 SPORTS channel comes to Apple TV
- Logic Pro X update brings AirDrop support, new effects, tools, and more
- Parallels Access 2.5 released, adds file manager, computer-to-computer remote access
- The Google Translate iOS app is about to get a lot smarter


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GossamerAccording to legend, this delicate thread is the ravelling of the Virgin Mary's winding-sheet, which fell to earth on her ascension to heaven. It is said to be God's seam, i.e. God's thread. Philologically it is the Latin gossipin-us, cotton. Source: Dictionary of Phrase and Fable, E. Cobham Brewer, 1894 More on Gossamer from Fact Monster:
24 X 7Private Tutor
Explore Free Algebra Help , Solve Calculus


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Created in this Craftsy Course
Learn new quilting techniques, make new friends and create a sampler quilt! Laura Nownes demonstrates 10 fabulous blocks and numerous techniques in this FREE class.
Other projects made as part of this class:
See All Class Projects »Offer some kudos...
Join the conversation...
Ask a question...
Add your comment...
Here are some details about my project: | |
Category | Quilting |
Type | Home Decor |
I love this block, yours looks better than mine. O normally dont work with lines, but this time I did. I am not fond of making the fan this way, how about you?
Tammie, I really liked your blocks. Love the colors you have chosen. I noticed how few people comment on the blocks that are posted. So different from last year. I didn't mind doing the block this way. I enjoy learning different ways to do the same block..I don't know if I would use this block for any project but who knows.
This one is so elegant! Well done - can't wait to see the entire quilt. Its looking fabulous so far :D


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Endy:Victor3 plate reader
From OpenWetWare
(Difference between revisions)
(→Data Interpretation) |
Line 31: | Line 31: | ||
[[Endy:Basic data analysis on a plate reader|Basic data analysis]]
 | [[Endy:Basic data analysis on a plate reader|Basic data analysis]]
 | ||
[[Endy:Measuring PoPS on a plate reader|Measuring PoPS]] | [[Endy:Measuring PoPS on a plate reader|Measuring PoPS]] | ||
+ | [[Endy:Victor3 Absorbance and fluorescence backgrounds|Background measurements]] | ||
==Equipment== | ==Equipment== |
Revision as of 12:21, 5 December 2005
The Perkin Elmer Victor3 Plate Reader is located in 68-558d. The manufacturer website is located here
Contents |
Barry Canton is the point man in the Endy Lab if you would like to use this machine.
Usage Notes
Detection limits and linear range
Excel macro to hasten data processing
Variation in repeated measurements
Counteracting evaporation in long time courses
Data Interpretation
Basic data analysis
Measuring PoPS
Background measurements
When things go bad
- Instrument serial number - 4206012
- Perkin Elmer Contact - 8007624000 (add a 91 prefix from an MIT phone). Choose option 3 and option 3 again to talk to tech. support.
- Endy:Victor3 Service History


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Easter devotions are here! Sign up for our Lent and Easter email devotions.
5:23 No longer . . . only water. The practice of abstaining from wine as a matter of principle perhaps reflects the influence of the false teachers' concept of purity (4:3).
use a little wine . . . ailments. Paul recognizes a medicinal value of wine.


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Kim Kardashian and Kanye West Cute Couple Pictures
Get Ready For Valentine's Day With Kim and Kanye PDA
Like us on Facebook
What's Your Reaction?
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Don't forget to share this with your friends!
Get Ready For Valentine's Day With Kim and Kanye PDA
Kim Kardashian and Kanye West got married in Italy in 2014, had the most loved up and most liked photo on Instagram, and graced the cover of Vogue resulting in plenty of adorable and memorable snaps. However, the two have been very public about their love, and Kanye even often grins from ear to ear when he's around Kim. We're taking a look back at their sweetest and most PDA-filled moments — keep scrolling to relive Kim and Kanye's love.
Source: Getty / Jason Merritt
1 year
Those two look good together. Its nice to see that they found each other. Companionship is important.
Link Love
- Sara Gilbert welcomes a baby boy with Linda Perry — Us Weekly
- Kendall Jenner's bikini pic will make you yearn for Summer — HuffPost Celebrity
- Find out where Brad Pitt's career is going next — Lainey Gossip
- Why Cameron Diaz isn't into social media — Dlisted
- Kelly Clarkson: "I don't care if my children are gay" — ET
- James Franco explains his creative process — JustJared
- Bella Thorne kicks off her week with a new look — Hollywood Tuna
- Here's how Kanye West spent his weekend — Pink Is the New Blog
- About that "unretouched" photo of Cindy Crawford — The Superficial
- Charli XCX's new outfit will make you do a double take — The Blemish
Latest Celebrity


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Also on these boards
Related Pins
Obsessed with the Hunger Games Catching Fire Katniss scarf. Tutorial + pictures on the ROLLED TOP PART of the cowl...REST OF PATTERN AVALIABLE
Crochet Cowl Pattern - Loopy/Hoody Cowl Scarf (Toddler/Child and Adult Sizes)
Love her version of the Hunger Games Catching Fire Katniss scarf. Free pattern download of this cowl.
Creamy Cappuccino Cowl - twisted neck warmer tutorial PDF for sale - feminine edging on this cowl - she has some other great patterns here as well
Cute. :: Thick Knit Cowl with Heart Grey Marble Neckwarmer by YarnPlusYarn


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#55746010 -
Fresh organic berry smoothie
© kjekol - See portfolioPricing
Author | kjekolSee portfolio |
Image reference | 55746010 |
Country | Norway |
Descriptive Category | Food & Drink Food Other |
Conceptual | Welfare Beauty Diet |
Keywords |
["background","berry","bue berry","cocktail","cool","dessert","diet","drink","drinking","food","fresh","frozen","fruit","glass","healthy","healthy food","juice","milk","milkshake","nutrition","organic","raspberry","red","smoothie","soft","sorbet","straw","straw berry","strawberry","sweet","two","white","white background"]
background berry bue berry cocktail cool dessert diet drink drinking food fresh frozen fruit glass healthy healthy food juice milk milkshake nutrition organic raspberry red smoothie soft sorbet straw straw berry strawberry sweet two white white background
See all keywords
The photo "Fresh organic berry smoothie" from kjekol is available on Fotolia under a Royalty Free license from 1 credit (Credit from $0.74).
Available in JPEG format, this photo may be downloaded for all kinds of professional uses and in different resolutions (up to 3,840 x 5,760 pixels in 300 DPI).
The author of this picture, kjekol also has 4 images in the same series.
To download this photo, you can buy Fotolia credits or purchase a subscription plan and benefit from the amazing price of $0.19 per image.


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Lovely modern hotel in an holy city, nice modern rooms and a tasty breakfast for an additional nine euro. Wifi is free although I found the login process a bit misleading. You use the voucher code hidden away in the brown guest info book. Deliveries work me up about 5am if it wasn't for this would have been five stars
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Expedia, Priceline and Odigeo so you can book your Hotel Klostergarten reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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City Police Commissioner K.C. Mahali has issued regulatory order Under Section 41 of the Tamil Nadu City Police Act, 1997 (Extended to the Cities of Salem, Tiruchirappalli and Tirunelveli) for a period of 15 days commencing from midnight of November 29 to midnight of December 13. The order prohibits assemblies, meetings, processions, agitations, demonstrations etc., without prior permission, a press release said.
– Staff Reporter
More In: TAMIL NADU | NATIONAL


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Tag: Comcast
A breakthrough looming for Apple TV?
Ever curious about what the next chapter holds for Apple…
Rupert Murdoch's Fox withdraws $80 billion bid for Time Warner
Rupert Murdoch's 21st Century Fox said on Tuesday that it was withdrawing…
It's time for Steve Jobs' idea to bear fruit: Open, shared home Wi-Fi
Apple co-founder Steve Jobs loved to walk around his neighborhood in Palo Alto…
Comcast Confessions: Why the cable guy is always late
Comcast is in the process of acquiring the second-largest cable provider, Time Warner Cable….
Next-gen Apple TV with apps and gaming delayed until next year, source says
The long-awaited next iteration of Apple's TV box will not be coming this year…
Rupert Murdoch pouncing on Time Warner while Apple, Google, other rivals are distracted
Rupert Murdoch looks to have been canny in his $80 billion takeover approach…
Hulu: An Apple acquisition that could squash Netflix
Given that Apple has shown it's willing to dabble in large scale M&A…
FCC to open the door for ISPs to charge content providers for improved service
The FCC is expected to pass revised Internet regulations Thursday…
Comcast to bring higher-speed 'X1′ service to NY, LA after Time Warner Cable acquisition
After its $45 billion acquisition of Time Warner Cable Inc. closes, Comcast…


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Available formats: epub mobi pdf rtf lrf pdb txt html
About the author
Allen J. Gerzoff has spent most of his life in the southern Arizona desert where he is now retired from a career in mechanical engineering. The loves of his life are his wife, his children, his grandchildren and his cameras, not always in that order. In retirement, he has achieved some recognition as a landscape and wildlife photographer. Historelic -The First Journal was his first science fiction novel and the first installment of several to come in the not too distant future. Two others of the series are now available here on Smashwords along with several short stories on assorted subjects. There will be more!
Review by:
Jim Larsen
on Dec. 27, 2013 :
This is a nice little story about every day people and the bizarre things that can happen to them in restaurants for example. This was about a one hour read for an old nearly blind man. I can imagine all these things happening to my wife and I. I won't tell you what things, but of course it involves bad people and good people.
(review of free book)
Review by:
Anna Noble
on Dec. 25, 2013 :
Very enjoyable story. Could happen.
(review of free book)
Review by:
Sahara Foley
on Dec. 25, 2013 :
A delightful short story. Well done.
(review of free book)


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Home > Expert Blogs > Weelicious |
Catherine McCord launched Weelicious
in 2007, providing a solution to parents' hectic lives by showing them how to cook recipes that are
kid-friendly, quick and nutritious. With a background in culinary arts from New York City's prestigious
Institute of Culinary Education, and a passion for food, Catherine has developed recipes that appeal
to a range of ages. Weelicious focuses on educating kids and involving them in the process with how-to
cooking videos featuring Catherine's own two children.
� Meet Catherine McCord Browse All Posts
» December 2013 » November 2013 » October 2013 » September 2013 » August 2013 » July 2013 » June 2013 » May 2013 » April 2013 » March 2013 |
Hot Topicsdiet, weight loss, fitness, motivation, abs, restaurants, health, calories, stress, challenge, gyms, support, goals, points, exercise, metabolism, food, recipeMost Popular SearchesMost Popular Blogs» Longer, Leaner Thighs: 5 Best Exercises» We Announce The Challenge WINNER! » Best Vitamins Dieters Not Getting » The Dangerous Escape Food Provides » Janel Hits The Farmers Market Newest Blogs» The Top 10 Workout Songs for March 2015» Foods That Make You Happier, Sexier, Smarter » Yoga Class Dos and Don'ts » 8 Ways To Stay On Top of Your Health » Why Crunches Won't Give You a Flat Stomach! Highest Rated Blogs» Are You Portion Savvy?» Labor Day Spicy BBQ Chicken Recipe » Holiday Meal Madness » Kick Start Your Metabolism » Pack Your Kids a MyPlate Lunch


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Canon P1-DHVG One-Color 12-Digit Printing Calculator, White
Palm printing calculator featuring a stylish silver metallic design. Advanced calculations right in the palm of your hand. Time calculation enables you to calculate time-based fee structures, while profit margin calculation can be calculated with the touch of a few keys. Tax rates can be stored and recalled whenever needed. Built-in battery indicator lets you know when it's time to change the batteries. This calculator proves that success cannot be measured by size alone. Power Source(s): AC; Battery; Display Notation: Numeric; Number of Display Digits: 12; Display Characters x Display Lines: N/A.
Canon P1-DHVG One-Color 12-Digit Printing Calculator, White
Weights & Dimensions
Product Type: Printing | Country of Manufacture: China |
About the Manufacturer
The corporate philosophy of Canon is kyosei.Canon P1-DHVG One-Color 12-Digit Printing Calculator, White
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P1-DHVG One-Color 12-Digit Printing Calculator, White is also sometimes listed under the following manufacturer numbers: CNMP1DHVG


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Fiberglass products
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Easy Pan Roasted Potatoes
Total Time
5 minsCook
35 minsWe love roast potatoes but hate the par-boiling involved. This recipe makes life much easier!
Make and share this Easy Pan Roasted Potatoes recipe from Food.com.
- Peel potatoes and cut into 1.5in even pieces.
- Place potatoes in a frying pan.
- Pour over 100ml of water.
- Place over high heat until all the water has gone.
- Lower the heat to minimum. Add lard.
- Cook gently, stirring occasionally for 30min or until the potatoes are the colour you like (golden brown in this house!).
Most Helpful
5 5
I am giving this 5 stars for the method. Potatoes came out perfect. I used olive oil instead of lard, and for seasonings I used seasoning salt, black pepper, rosemary, salt and thinly sliced some green onions. It was perfect. Thank you.
4 5
I made this recipe for mine and SO's dinner on 12/22/11 as part of the " Let's P-A-R-T-Y 2011 " Event. I've made potatoes in the skillet before,but never using water to start them off.They cooked a lot quicker than my usual way of cooking them,but didn't quite brown up as much as we liked. But they were still good. Thanks for posting and, " Keep Smiling :) "
5 5
This method worked terrific! I used safflower oil instead of lard, but hey, fat is fat. These hash brown-style taters cooked slowly to the perfect goldy-brownness. Thanks for a wonderful compliment to our first bbq of the year!!
Nutrition Info
Serving Size: 1 (403 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 4
- Amount Per Serving
- % Daily Value
- Calories 370.7
- Calories from Fat 89
- 24%
- Total Fat 9.9 g
- 15%
- Saturated Fat 3.9 g
- 19%
- Cholesterol 9.1 mg
- 3%
- Sodium 22.9 mg
- 0%
- Total Carbohydrate 64.5 g
- 21%
- Dietary Fiber 8.1 g
- 32%
- Sugars 2.9 g
- 11%
- Protein 7.4 g
- 14%
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Final Score: UL-Monroe 27, Florida Atlantic 25
Fort Lauderdale, FL (Sports Network) - Trey Revell ran for a pair of touchdowns to help lead the UL-Monroe Warhawks to a narrow 27-25 win over the Florida Atlantic Owls in Sun Belt Conference action at Lockhart Stadium.
Revell, who gained 48 yards on 11 rushing attempts for the Warhawks (2-2, 1-0 SBC), also converted 18-of-25 passing for 207 yards in the victory for the visitors.
The Owls (0-3, 0-1) were paced by Rusty Smith who hit on 30-of-50 passing for 347 yards and a pair of touchdowns. Alfred Morris chipped in with 122 yards and a score on 23 rushing attempts as well.
ULM kicker Radi Jabour started the scoring with a 28-yard field goal for the visiting team, with the squads trading scores from beginning to end.
Morris made his way into the end zone on a four-yard run to cap a 10-play, 61- yard drive for the Owls, but a failed PAT left the home team with just a 6-3 advantage.
Revell then responded for the Warhawks with a seven-yard TD run and with a successful kick gave Monroe a 10-6 advantage.
Early in the second quarter FAU's Daniel Joseph came up with a safety, cutting the deficit to 10-8.
Revell struck again for the Warhawks when he posted his second seven-yard TD run of the day, but the large lead was short lived as Smith and Chris Bonner combined for an 18-yard touchdown play to make the score 17-15 in favor of ULM.
Jabour closed out the first-half scoring with a successful 39-yard field goal as time expired, pushing the lead to five for the Warhawks.
FAU kicker Ross Gornall converted his first field goal of the day in the fourth quarter, a 33-yard effort following a scoreless third frame.
As it turns out, the game-winning score for ULM was posted by Frank Goodin who made the end zone on a 14-yard run at the 12:04 mark of the final period to give the Warhawks a 27-18 edge.
The Owls did manage to put up one more touchdown a five-yard reception by Darian Williams, but with just over three minutes remaining that was as close as the home team would get in the two-point setback.
Averaging almost six yards per snap, FAU generated 498 yards in the losing effort.