text: Constraints on Non-Projective Dependency Parsing Joakim Nivre a o V¨ xj¨ University, School of Mathematics and Systems Engineering Uppsala University, Department of Linguistics and Philology email@example.com Abstract While this "surface dependency approximation" We investigate a series of graph-theoretic (Levy and Manning, 2004) may be acceptable constraints on non-projective dependency for certain applications of syntactic parsing, it is parsing and their effect on expressivity, clearly not adequate as a basis for deep semantic i.e. whether they allow naturally occurring interpretation, which explains the growing body of syntactic constructions to be adequately research devoted to different methods for correct- represented, and efficiency, i.e. whether ing this approximation. Most of this work has so they reduce the search space for the parser. far focused either on post-processing to recover In particular, we define a new measure non-local dependencies from context-free parse for the degree of non-projectivity in an trees (Johnson, 2002; Jijkoun and De Rijke, 2004; acyclic dependency graph obeying the Levy and Manning, 2004; Campbell, 2004), or on single-head constraint. The constraints are incorporating nonlocal dependency information in evaluated experimentally using data from nonterminal categories in constituency represen- the Prague Dependency Treebank and the tations (Dienes and Dubey, 2003; Hockenmaier, Danish Dependency Treebank. The results 2003; Cahill et al., 2004) or in the categories used indicate that, whereas complete linguistic to label arcs in dependency representations (Nivre coverage in principle requires unrestricted and Nilsson, 2005). non-projective dependency graphs, limit- By contrast, there is very little work on parsing ing the degree of non-projectivity to at methods that allow discontinuous constructions to most 2 can reduce average running time be represented directly in the syntactic structure, from quadratic to linear, while excluding whether by discontinuous constituent structures less than 0.5% of the dependency graphs or by non-projective dependency structures. No- found in the two treebanks. This is a sub- table exceptions are Plaehn (2000), where discon- stantial improvement over the commonly tinuous phrase structure grammar parsing is ex- used projective approximation (degree 0), plored, and McDonald et al. (2005b), where non- which excludes 15–25% of the graphs. projective dependency structures are derived using spanning tree algorithms from graph theory. 1 Introduction One question that arises if we want to pursue the Data-driven approaches to syntactic parsing has structure-based approach is how to constrain the until quite recently been limited to representations class of permissible structures. On the one hand, that do not capture non-local dependencies. This we want to capture all the constructions that are is true regardless of whether representations are found in natural languages, or at least to provide based on constituency, where such dependencies a much better approximation than before. On the are traditionally represented by empty categories other hand, it must still be possible for the parser and coindexation to avoid explicitly discontinuous not only to search the space of permissible struc- constituents, or on dependency, where it is more tures in an efficient way but also to learn to select common to use a direct encoding of so-called non- the most appropriate structure for a given sentence projective dependencies. with sufficient accuracy. This is the usual tradeoff 73 between expressivity and complexity, where a less a variant of Covington's algorithm for dependency restricted class of permissible structures can cap- parsing (Covington, 2001), using the treebank as ture more complex constructions, but where the an oracle in order to establish an upper bound enlarged search space makes parsing harder with on accuracy. However, the results are relevant respect to both accuracy and efficiency. for a larger class of algorithms that derive non- Whereas extensions to context-free grammar projective dependency graphs by treating every have been studied quite extensively, there are very possible word pair as a potential dependency arc. few corresponding results for dependency-based The paper is structured as follows. In section 2 systems. Since Gaifman (1965) proved that his we define dependency graphs, and in section 3 projective dependency grammar is weakly equiva- we formulate a number of constraints that can lent to context-free grammar, Neuhaus and Br¨ ker o be used to define different classes of dependency (1997) have shown that the recognition problem graphs, ranging from unrestricted non-projective for a dependency grammar that can define arbi- to strictly projective. In section 4 we introduce the trary non-projective structures is N P complete, parsing algorithm used in the experiments, and in but there are no results for systems of intermedi- section 5 we describe the experimental setup. In ate complexity. The pseudo-projective grammar section 6 we present the results of the experiments proposed by Kahane et al. (1998) can be parsed and discuss their implications for non-projective in polynomial time and captures non-local depen- dependency parsing. We conclude in section 7. dencies through a form of gap-threading, but the 2 Dependency Graphs structures generated by the grammar are strictly projective. Moreover, the study of formal gram- A dependency graph is a labeled directed graph, mars is only partially relevant for research on data- the nodes of which are indices corresponding to driven dependency parsing, where most systems the tokens of a sentence. Formally: are not grammar-based but rely on inductive infer- Definition 1 Given a set R of dependency types ence from treebank data (Yamada and Matsumoto, (arc labels), a dependency graph for a sentence 2003; Nivre et al., 2004; McDonald et al., 2005a). x = (w1 , . . . , wn ) is a labeled directed graph For example, despite the results of Neuhaus and G = (V, E, L), where: o Br¨ ker (1997), McDonald et al. (2005b) perform parsing with arbitrary non-projective dependency 1. V = Zn+1 structures in O(n2 ) time. 2. E ⊆ V × V In this paper, we will therefore approach the 3. L : E → R problem from a slightly different angle. Instead Definition 2 A dependency graph G is well- of investigating formal dependency grammars and formed if and only if: their complexity, we will impose a series of graph- theoretic constraints on dependency structures and 1. The node 0 is a root (ROOT). see how these constraints affect expressivity and 2. G is connected (C ONNECTEDNESS).1 parsing efficiency. The approach is mainly ex- perimental and we evaluate constraints using data The set of V of nodes (or vertices) is the set from two dependency-based treebanks, the Prague Zn+1 = {0, 1, 2, . . . , n} (n ∈ Z+ ), i.e., the set of Dependency Treebank (Hajiˇ et al., 2001) and the c non-negative integers up to and including n. This Danish Dependency Treebank (Kromann, 2003). means that every token index i of the sentence is a node (1 ≤ i ≤ n) and that there is a special node Expressivity is investigated by examining how 0, which does not correspond to any token of the large a proportion of the structures found in the sentence and which will always be a root of the treebanks are parsable under different constraints, dependency graph (normally the only root). and efficiency is addressed by considering the The set E of arcs (or edges) is a set of ordered number of potential dependency arcs that need to pairs (i, j), where i and j are nodes. Since arcs are be processed when parsing these structures. This used to represent dependency relations, we will is a relevant metric for data-driven approaches, 1 where parsing time is often dominated by the com- To be more exact, we require G to be weakly connected, which entails that the corresponding undirected graph is con- putation of model predictions or scores for such nected, whereas a strongly connected graph has a directed arcs. The parsing experiments are performed with path between any pair of nodes. 74 § AuxK ¤ § AuxP ¤ § AuxP ¤ § Pred ¤§ Sb ¤ § Atr ¤ § AuxZ ¤ § Adv ¤ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 R P VB T C R N4 Z: Z nich je jen jedna na kvalitu . (Out-of them is only one-FEM - SG to quality .) ("Only one of them concerns quality.") Figure 1: Dependency graph for Czech sentence from the Prague Dependency Treebank say that i is the head and j is the dependent of can say that whereas most practical systems for the arc (i, j). As usual, we will use the notation dependency parsing do assume projectivity, most i → j to mean that there is an arc connecting i dependency-based linguistic theories do not. More and j (i.e., (i, j) ∈ E) and we will use the nota- precisely, most theoretical formulations of depen- tion i →∗ j for the reflexive and transitive closure dency grammar regard projectivity as the norm of the arc relation E (i.e., i →∗ j if and only if but also recognize the need for non-projective i = j or there is a path of arcs connecting i to j). representations to capture non-local dependencies The function L assigns a dependency type (arc c (Mel'ˇ uk, 1988; Hudson, 1990). label) r ∈ R to every arc e ∈ E. Figure 1 shows In order to distinguish classes of dependency a Czech sentence from the Prague Dependency graphs that fall in between arbitrary non-projective Treebank with a well-formed dependency graph and projective, we define a notion of degree of according to Definition 1–2. non-projectivity, such that projective graphs have degree 0 while arbitrary non-projective graphs 3 Constraints have unbounded degree. The only conditions so far imposed on dependency Definition 3 Let G = (V, E, L) be a well-formed graphs is that the special node 0 be a root and that dependency graph, satisfying S INGLE -H EAD and the graph be connected. Here are three further ACYCLICITY, and let Ge be the subgraph of G constraints that are common in the literature: that only contains nodes between i and j for the arc e = (i, j) (i.e., Ve = {i+1, . . . , j −1} if i < j 3. Every node has at most one head, i.e., if i → j and Ve = {j +1, . . . , i−1} if i > j). then there is no node k such that k = i and 1. The degree of an arc e ∈ E is the number of k → j (S INGLE -H EAD). connected components c in Ge such that the 4. The graph G is acyclic, i.e., if i → j then not root of c is not dominated by the head of e. j →∗ i (ACYCLICITY). 2. The degree of G is the maximum degree of 5. The graph G is projective, i.e., if i → j then any arc e ∈ E. i →∗ k, for every node k such that i < k < j To exemplify the notion of degree, we note that or j < k < i (P ROJECTIVITY). the dependency graph in Figure 1 (which satisfies Note that these conditions are independent in that S INGLE -H EAD and ACYCLICITY) has degree 1. none of them is entailed by any (combination) The only non-projective arc in the graph is (5, 1) of the others. However, the conditions S INGLE - and G(5,1) contains three connected components, H EAD and ACYCLICITY together with the basic each of which consists of a single root node (2, 3 well-formedness conditions entail that the graph and 4). Since only one of these, 3, is not domi- is a tree rooted at the node 0. These constraints nated by 5, the arc (5, 1) has degree 1. are assumed in almost all versions of dependency 4 Parsing Algorithm grammar, especially in computational systems. By contrast, the P ROJECTIVITY constraint is Covington (2001) describes a parsing strategy for much more controversial. Broadly speaking, we dependency representations that has been known 75 since the 1960s but not presented in the literature. they can in principle be generalized to any algo- The left-to-right (or incremental) version of this rithm that tries to link all possible word pairs and strategy can be formulated in the following way: that satisfies the following condition: PARSE(x = (w1 , . . . , wn )) For any graph G = (V, E, L) derived by 1 for i = 1 up to n the algorithm, if e, e ∈ E and e covers 2 for j = i − 1 down to 1 e , then the algorithm adds e before e. 3 L INK(i, j) This condition is satisfied not only by Covington's The operation L INK(i, j) nondeterministically incremental algorithm but also by algorithms that chooses between (i) adding the arc i → j (with add arcs strictly in order of increasing length, such some label), (ii) adding the arc j → i (with some as the algorithm of Eisner (2000) and other algo- label), and (iii) adding no arc at all. In this way, the rithms based on dynamic programming. algorithm builds a graph by systematically trying to link every pair of nodes (i, j) (i > j). This 5 Experimental Setup graph will be a well-formed dependency graph, provided that we also add arcs from the root node The experiments are based on data from two tree- 0 to every root node in {1, . . . , n}. Assuming that banks. The Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) the L INK(i, j) operation can be performed in some contains 1.5M words of newspaper text, annotated constant time c, the running time of the algorithm c c in three layers (Hajiˇ , 1998; Hajiˇ et al., 2001) 2 is n c(n − 1) = c( n − n ), which in terms of i=1 2 2 according to the theoretical framework of Func- asymptotic complexity is O(n2 ). tional Generative Description (Sgall et al., 1986). In the experiments reported in the following Our experiments concern only the analytical layer sections, we modify this algorithm by making the and are based on the dedicated training section of performance of L INK(i, j) conditional on the arcs the treebank. The Danish Dependency Treebank (i, j) and (j, i) being permissible under the given (DDT) comprises 100K words of text selected graph constraints: from the Danish PAROLE corpus, with annotation of primary and secondary dependencies based on PARSE(x = (w1 , . . . , wn )) Discontinuous Grammar (Kromann, 2003). Only 1 for i = 1 up to n primary dependencies are considered in the exper- 2 for j = i − 1 down to 1 iments, which are based on 80% of the data (again 3 if P ERMISSIBLE(i, j, C) the standard training section). 4 L INK(i, j) The experiments are performed by parsing each The function P ERMISSIBLE(i, j, C) returns true sentence of the treebanks while using the gold iff i → j and j → i are permissible arcs relative standard dependency graph for that sentence as an to the constraint C and the partially built graph oracle to resolve the nondeterministic choice in the G. For example, with the constraint S INGLE - L INK(i, j) operation as follows: H EAD, L INK(i, j) will not be performed if both i and j already have a head in the dependency L INK(i, j) graph. We call the pairs (i, j) (i > j) for which 1 if (i, j) ∈ Eg L INK(i, j) is performed (for a given sentence and 2 E ← E ∪ {(i, j)} set of constraints) the active pairs, and we use 3 if (j, i) ∈ Eg the number of active pairs, as a function of sen- 4 E ← E ∪ {(j, i)} tence length, as an abstract measure of running where Eg is the arc relation of the gold standard time. This is well motivated if the time required dependency graph Gg and E is the arc relation of to compute P ERMISSIBLE (i, j, C) is insignificant the graph G built by the parsing algorithm. compared to the time needed for L INK (i, j), as is Conditions are varied by cumulatively adding typically the case in data-driven systems, where constraints in the following order: L INK (i, j) requires a call to a trained classifier, while P ERMISSIBLE (i, j, C) only needs access to 1. S INGLE -H EAD the partially built graph G. 2. ACYCLICITY The results obtained in this way will be partially 3. Degree d ≤ k (k ≥ 1) dependent on the particular algorithm used, but 4. P ROJECTIVITY 76 Table 1: Proportion of dependency arcs and complete graphs correctly parsed under different constraints in the Prague Dependency Treebank (PDT) and the Danish Dependency Treebank (DDT) PDT DDT Constraint Arcs Graphs Arcs Graphs n = 1255590 n = 73088 n = 80193 n = 4410 P ROJECTIVITY 96.1569 76.8498 97.7754 84.6259 d≤1 99.7854 97.7507 99.8940 98.0272 d≤2 99.9773 99.5731 99.9751 99.5238 d≤3 99.9956 99.9179 99.9975 99.9546 d≤4 99.9983 99.9863 100.0000 100.0000 d≤5 99.9987 99.9945 100.0000 100.0000 d ≤ 10 99.9998 99.9986 100.0000 100.0000 ACYCLICITY 100.0000 100.0000 100.0000 100.0000 S INGLE -H EAD 100.0000 100.0000 100.0000 100.0000 None 100.0000 100.0000 100.0000 100.0000 The purpose of the experiments is to study how duces all the graphs exactly, but we also see that different constraints influence expressivity and the constraints S INGLE -H EAD and ACYCLICITY running time. The first dimension is investigated do not put any real restrictions on expressivity by comparing the dependency graphs produced with regard to the data at hand. However, this is by the parser with the gold standard dependency primarily a reflection of the design of the treebank graphs in the treebank. This gives an indication of annotation schemes, which in themselves require the extent to which naturally occurring structures dependency graphs to obey these constraints.2 can be parsed correctly under different constraints. If we go to the other end of the table, we see The results are reported both as the proportion of that P ROJECTIVITY, on the other hand, has a very individual dependency arcs (per token) and as the noticeable effect on the parser's ability to capture proportion of complete dependency graphs (per the structures found in the treebanks. Almost 25% sentence) recovered correctly by the parser. of the sentences in PDT, and more than 15% in In order to study the effects on running time, DDT, are beyond its reach. At the level of indi- we examine how the number of active pairs varies vidual dependencies, the effect is less conspicu- as a function of sentence length. Whereas the ous, but it is still the case in PDT that one depen- asymptotic worst-case complexity remains O(n2 ) dency in twenty-five cannot be found by the parser under all conditions, the average running time will even with a perfect oracle (one in fifty in DDT). It decrease with the number of active pairs if the should be noted that the proportion of lost depen- L INK(i, j) operation is more expensive than the dencies is about twice as high as the proportion call to P ERMISSIBLE(i, j, C). For data-driven of dependencies that are non-projective in them- dependency parsing, this is relevant not only for selves (Nivre and Nilsson, 2005). This is due to parsing efficiency, but also because it may improve error propagation, since some projective arcs are training efficiency by reducing the number of pairs blocked from the parser's view because of missing that need to be included in the training data. non-projective arcs. Considering different bounds on the degree of 6 Results and Discussion non-projectivity, finally, we see that even the tight- est possible bound (d ≤ 1) gives a much better Table 1 displays the proportion of dependencies approximation than P ROJECTIVITY, reducing the (single arcs) and sentences (complete graphs) in the two treebanks that can be parsed exactly with 2 It should be remembered that we are only concerned with Covington's algorithm under different constraints. one layer of each annotation scheme, the analytical layer in PDT and the primary dependencies in DDT. Taking several Starting at the bottom of the table, we see that layers into account simultaneously would have resulted in the unrestricted algorithm (None) of course repro- more complex structures. 77 Table 2: Quadratic curve estimation for y = ax + bx2 (y = number of active pairs, x = number of words) PDT DDT Constraint a b r2 a b r2 P ROJECTIVITY 1.9181 0.0093 0.979 1.7591 0.0108 0.985 d≤1 3.2381 0.0534 0.967 2.2049 0.0391 0.969 d≤2 3.1467 0.1192 0.967 2.0273 0.0680 0.964 ACYCLICITY 0.3845 0.2587 0.971 1.4285 0.1106 0.967 S INGLE -H EAD 0.7187 0.2628 0.976 1.9003 0.1149 0.967 None −0.5000 0.5000 1.000 −0.5000 0.5000 1.000 proportion of non-parsable sentences with about However, the complexity is not much worse for 90% in both treebanks. At the level of individual the bounded degrees of non-projectivity (d ≤ 1, arcs, the reduction is even greater, about 95% for d ≤ 2). More precisely, for both data sets, the both data sets. And if we allow a maximum degree linear term ax dominates the quadratic term bx2 of 2, we can capture more than 99.9% of all depen- for sentences up to 50 words at d ≤ 1 and up to dencies, and more than 99.5% of all sentences, in 30 words at d ≤ 2. Given that sentences of 50 both PDT and DDT. At the same time, there seems words or less represent 98.9% of all sentences in to be no principled upper bound on the degree of PDT and 98.3% in DDT (the corresponding per- non-projectivity, since in PDT not even an upper centages for 30 words being 88.9% and 86.0%), it bound of 10 is sufficient to correctly capture all seems that the average case running time can be dependency graphs in the treebank.3 regarded as linear also for these models. Let us now see how different constraints affect running time, as measured by the number of ac- 7 Conclusion tive pairs in relation to sentence length. A plot of We have investigated a series of graph-theoretic this relationship for a subset of the conditions can constraints on dependency structures, aiming to be found in Figure 2. For reasons of space, we find a better approximation than P ROJECTIVITY only display the data from DDT, but the PDT data for the structures found in naturally occurring exhibit very similar patterns. Both treebanks are data, while maintaining good parsing efficiency. represented in Table 2, where we show the result In particular, we have defined the degree of non- of fitting the quadratic equation y = ax + bx2 to projectivity in terms of the maximum number of the data from each condition (where y is the num- connected components that occur under a depen- ber of active words and x is the number of words in dency arc without being dominated by the head the sentence). The amount of variance explained is of that arc. Empirical experiments based on data given by the r 2 value, which shows a very good fit from two treebanks, from different languages and under all conditions, with statistical significance with different annotation schemes, have shown beyond the 0.001 level.4 that limiting the degree d of non-projectivity to Both Figure 2 and Table 2 show very clearly 1 or 2 gives an average case running time that is that, with no constraints, the relationship between linear in practice and allows us to capture about words and active pairs is exactly the one predicted 98% of the dependency graphs actually found in by the worst case complexity (cf. section 4) and the treebanks with d ≤ 1, and about 99.5% with that, with each added constraint, this relationship d ≤ 2. This is a substantial improvement over becomes more and more linear in shape. When we the projective approximation, which only allows get to P ROJECTIVITY, the quadratic coefficient b 75–85% of the dependency graphs to be captured is so small that the average running time is prac- exactly. This suggests that the integration of such tically linear for the great majority of sentences. constraints into non-projective parsing algorithms 3 will improve both accuracy and efficiency, but we The single sentence that is not parsed correctly at d ≤ 10 has a dependency arc of degree 12. have to leave the corroboration of this hypothesis 4 The curve estimation has been performed using SPSS. as a topic for future research. 78 4000.00 1200.00 None 1000.00 Single-Head 3000.00 800.00 Pairs Pairs 2000.00 600.00 400.00 1000.00 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Words Words 1200.00 800.00 1000.00 Acyclic d <= 2 600.00 800.00 Pairs Pairs 600.00 400.00 400.00 200.00 200.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Words Words 600.00 250.00 500.00 d <= 1 Projectivity 200.00 400.00 150.00 Pairs Pairs 300.00 100.00 200.00 50.00 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 Words Words Figure 2: Number of active pairs as a function of sentence length under different constraints (DDT) 79 Acknowledgments Sylvain Kahane, Alexis Nasr and Owen Rambow. Pseudo-Projectivity: A Polynomially Parsable Non- The research reported in this paper was partially Projective Dependency Grammar. Proceedings of funded by the Swedish Research Council (621- ACL-COLING, pp. 646–652. 2002-4207). The insightful comments of three Matthias Trautner Kromann. 2003. The Danish De- anonymous reviewers helped improve the final pendency Treebank and the DTAG treebank tool. version of the paper. Proceedings of TLT, pp. 217–220. Roger Levy and Christopher Manning. 2004. Deep dependencies from context-free statistical parsers: References Correcting the surface dependency approximation. Aoife Cahill, Michael Burke, Ruth O'Donovan, Josef Proceedings of ACL, pp. 328–335. Van Genabith, and Andy Way. 2004. Long- distance dependency resolution in automatically ac- Hiroshi Maruyama. 1990. Structural disambiguation quired wide-coverage PCFG-based LFG approxima- with constraint propagation. Proceedings of ACL, tions. Proceedings of ACL, pp. 320–327. pp. 31–38. Richard Campbell. 2004. Using linguistic principles Ryan McDonald, Koby Crammer, and Fernando to recover empty categories. Proceedings of ACL, Pereira. 2005a. Online large-margin training of de- pp. 646–653. pendency parsers. Proceedings of ACL, pp. 91–98. Michael Collins, Jan Hajiˇ , Eric Brill, Lance Ramshaw, c Ryan McDonald, Fernando Pereira, Kiril Ribarov, and and Christoph Tillmann. 1999. A statistical parser c Jan Hajiˇ . 2005b. Non-projective dependency pars- for Czech. Proceedings of ACL, pp. 505–512. ing using spanning tree algorithms. Proceedings of HLT/EMNLP, pp. 523–530. Michael A. Covington. 2001. A fundamental algo- rithm for dependency parsing. Proceedings of the c Igor Mel'ˇ uk. 1988. Dependency Syntax: Theory and 39th Annual ACM Southeast Conference, pp. 95– Practice. State University of New York Press. 102. o Peter Neuhaus and Norbert Br¨ ker. 1997. The com- P´ ter Dienes and Amit Dubey. 2003. Deep syntac- e plexity of recognition of linguistically adequate de- pendency grammars. Proceedings of ACL-EACL, tic processing by combining shallow methods. Pro- pages 337–343. ceedings of ACL, pp. 431–438. Joakim Nivre and Jens Nilsson. 2005. Pseudo- Jason M. Eisner. 2000. Bilexical grammars and their projective dependency parsing. Proceedings ACL, cubic-time parsing algorithms. In Harry Bunt and pp. 99–106. Anton Nijholt, editors, Advances in Probabilistic and Other Parsing Technologies, pp. 29–62. Kluwer. Joakim Nivre, Johan Hall, and Jens Nilsson. 2004. Memory-based dependency parsing. Proceedings of Haim Gaifman. 1965. Dependency systems and CoNLL, pp. 49–56. phrase-structure systems. Information and Control, 8:304–337. Oliver Plaehn. 2000. Computing the most probably parse for a discontinuous phrase structure grammar. c a Jan Hajiˇ , Barbora Vidova Hladka, Jarmila Panevov´ , Proceedings of IWPT. c a Eva Hajiˇ ov´ , Petr Sgall, and Petr Pajas. 2001. Prague Dependency Treebank 1.0. LDC, 2001T10. c a a Petr Sgall, Eva Hajiˇ ov´ , and Jarmila Panevov´ . 1986. The Meaning of the Sentence in Its Pragmatic As- c Jan Hajiˇ . 1998. Building a syntactically annotated pects. Reidel. corpus: The Prague Dependency Treebank. Issues of Valency and Meaning, pp. 106–132. Karolinum. Hiroyasu Yamada and Yuji Matsumoto. 2003. Statis- tical dependency analysis with support vector ma- Julia Hockenmaier. 2003. Data and Models for Sta- chines. Proceedings of IWPT, pp. 195–206. tistical Parsing with Combinatory Categorial Gram- mar. Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh. Richard A. Hudson. 1990. English Word Grammar. Blackwell. Valentin Jijkoun and Maarten De Rijke. 2004. En- riching the output of a parser using memory-based learning. Proceedings of ACL, pp. 312–319. Mark Johnson. 2002. A simple pattern-matching al- gorithm for recovering empty nodes and their an- tecedents. Proceedings of ACL, pp. 136–143. 80


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A Look At The Values Voter Summit
Melissa Block talks to NPR's Don Gonyea. He reports from the Values Voter Summit, a conference of social conservatives.
Copyright © 2011 NPR. For personal, noncommercial use only. See Terms of Use. For other uses, prior permission required.
In recent elections, social conservatives have played a significant role in the Republican Party. And in this presidential campaign season, they're once again flexing their muscles and pushing their issues despite the focus on the economy. A big annual conference is under way here in Washington, D.C., called the Values Voter Summit. And presidential hopefuls are making their case to voters there, including Texas Governor Rick Perry, who spoke this afternoon.
GOVERNOR RICK PERRY: There is no voter in America who is not a value voter. It's just a question of whose values that they share.
BLOCK: But Governor Perry's outreach to social conservatives was overshadowed today by remarks from the pastor who introduced him. NPR national political correspondent Don Gonyea is at the summit. He joins us now. And, Don, who is the pastor we're talking about? What did he say?
DON GONYEA, BYLINE: He is Dr. Robert Jeffress. He's the senior pastor of First Baptist Church of Dallas, of course, from Texas. And as we walked in before Governor Perry's speech, there were people who were with the pastor who were handing out these blue press releases. And let me tell you what the headline says. It says: Southern Baptist Convention Leader to Endorse Perry at Values Voter Summit. The subhead is: Jeffress to Draw Sharp Contrast Between Perry and Romney. Romney, of course, former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney.
They even gave to us a little bit of prepared text of the introduction to Governor Perry that Pastor Jeffress would give. He said, to get into this prepared text, I believe that in Rick Perry we have a candidate who is a proven leader, a true conservative and a committed follower of Christ. His actual words were stronger than that. Give a listen.
DR. ROBERT JEFFRESS: Do we want a candidate who is a good, moral person? Or do we want a candidate who is a born-again follower of the Lord Jesus Christ?
JEFFRESS: Rick Perry is a proven leader. He is a true conservative, and he is a genuine follower of Jesus Christ. Would you join me in welcoming the governor of the great state of Texas, Rick Perry?
GONYEA: Again, the key change there, the word genuine follower of Christ. Later, there was a scrum of reporters talking to Pastor Jeffress. He was asked if he was talking about Mormonism there and Romney. And he said yes, Mormonism is a cult.
BLOCK: What has Governor Perry's reaction been to these remarks from Robert Jeffress today?
GONYEA: There were a couple of reactions. It kind of came in stages. Again, a lot of questions. His press secretary, Mark Miner, first reacted by saying the governor is not in a position to judge what the pastor meant. Now, I can tell you that as Governor Perry took the stage, his reaction was to say to the crowd: Didn't Pastor Jeffress hit it out of the park? So he was clearly thrilled by the introduction. Again, we don't know if he heard the exact words or if he had seen this press release. Later, the Perry campaign said the governor does not think Mormonism is a cult.
BLOCK: Now, Don, as Rick Perry has slipped in support in the polls, some of that support has shifted to businessman Herman Cain, who is often a crowd favorite at events like this one today. Let's listen to a bit of what Herman Cain told the crowd today.
HERMAN CAIN: We have an illegal immigration crisis. We have a foggy foreign policy crisis. We have a moral crisis.
CAIN: And we have a severe deficiency of leadership crisis in this country.
BLOCK: Sounds like he was pretty well-received, Don.
GONYEA: He was very well-received. I have to tell you when Governor Perry came out - again, it was a very friendly reception - lots of applause. When Herman Cain took the stage, and then as he continued his speech, he blew the roof off the place. He joked that when you enter the top tier of candidates, there is suddenly a target on your back. But he was acting very much like a top-tier candidate and enjoying every minute of it. And people love him here.
BLOCK: And briefly, Don, Mitt Romney speaks tomorrow at the Values Voter Summit. When do you expect to hear?
GONYEA: We expect to hear him talk about the way his life exemplifies the kind of values that they talk about here. Again, we don't know if he'll mention his Mormonism, or if he'll respond directly to what Pastor Jeffress said. But we'll find all that out in the morning.
BLOCK: Okay. NPR's Don Gonyea, thanks so much.
GONYEA: Thank you.
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Recipe of the Day
English Trifle
Although this recipe uses a bit of sherry, the alcohol evaporates overnight. You may simply eliminate it if you don't care for alcohol. Two boxes of custard mix or vanilla pudding mix can be substituted for the pastry cream. However, using the pastry cream makes the dessert quite rich! — Marc Boyer
Similar Recipes | More Daily Recipes
This layered dessert is traditionally made with sherry-soaked sponge cake and custard, but it's easy to make many delicious variations.
Want to make your trifle entirely from scratch? Sponge cakes are perfect for trifle, since the dry cake need to be soaked with syrup.
Staff Picks
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English Trifle to Die For
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Muffins are great for breakfast, with coffee, or just as a snack on the go.
Soup is what the doctor ordered to cure those winter blahs.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Save room for apple and raisin bread pudding. See how easy it is to make.
See how easy it is to make this classic creamy French dessert.
See what it takes to make a complete "homestead meal" including tapioca pudding.


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Skip Maine state header navigation
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Home | Contact DMR | Forms | Maps | Online Services | Other links | DMR Intranet |
Maine DMR Vibrio EducationVibrios are a naturally occurring bacteria typically found in marine waters. Several species of Vibrio are pathogens and can cause illness in humans including gastroenteritis and septicemia. Illnesses from Vibrio infections are often associated with the consumption of raw or undercooked seafood including bivalve shellfish. Bivalve shellfish are filter feeders, meaning they feed by straining the surrounding water in order to collect food particles; these particles (including bacteria) can then become concentrated in their guts. Vibrio spp. are present throughout the marine environment, but pathogenic strains tend to be associated with warmer waters. If Vibrios are already present in shellfish they can multiply exponentially within harvested bivalves which are exposed to warm temperatures such as the exposed deck of a boat on a sunny day in August or an un-shaded summer picnic table. Research indicates the growth rates of Vibrio parahemolyticus (Vp) within harvested bivalves are determined by temperature; at 90°F the Vibrio population will double every hour, at 80°F it takes about two hours, at 60°F it takes over a day for the bacteria population to double, and below 50 the growth of Vp essentially stops. The best way to keep bivalve shellfish safe from Vibrio contamination is by observing temperature controls including cooling product as quickly as possible after harvest. This applies to recreational harvesters and retail purchases as well; keep your catch or purchase in a cooler with an icepack until you are ready to enjoy it!The Maine Department of Marine Resources implemented new "Time/Temperature" regulations in 2012 in compliance with the Interstate Shellfish Sanitation Conference Executive Board recommendations and to minimize the risk of Vp to Maine's valuable bivalve shellfish industry. These regulations include time limits between harvest and delivery to a certified shellfish dealer, time limits on cooling shellfish to an internal temperature of 50°F and other controls to support the maintenance of product at safe temperatures. A guidance document describing these regulations can be found on the DMR website: http://www.maine.gov/dmr/rm/public_health/certification.htm . Several states are currently addressing Vp illnesses associated with bivalve shellfish harvest by closing specific growing areas and developing more stringent Vibrio management plans. The best defense against the threat of Vp in Maine shellfish is education of the industry and consumers, as well as a commitment from harvesters and dealers to adhere to time/temperature controls. Keep Maine shellfish safe by keeping it cool! |
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MediaAJ staff detention in Egypt reaches 200 days Journalists across the world speak out in protest of continued detention of Al Jazeera's staff now held for 200 days. 16 Jul 2014 19:35 GMT | Media, Politics, Egypt, Middle East, #FreeAJStaff Vigils have been held for three Al Jazeera journalists who have spent 200 days in an Egyptian prison, on false accusations. On Wednesday, journalists around the world participated in showing their support for Mohamed Fahmy, Baher Mohamed and Peter Greste's freedom. They were sentenced to seven to 10 years each in prison after being handed a controversial verdict on June 23 that caused international outrage and condemnation. Other Al Jazeera journalists, who were tried in absentia, including Sue Turton and Dominic Kane, were sentenced to 10 years. Al Jazeera has strenuously rejected the charges against its journalists and maintains their innocence. Live Box 20141810351259628 In a letter from prison provided to Al Jazeera by Mohamed Fahmy's family, he wrote: "In prison, I have learned to turn suffering into tragic optimism; a human achievement. I see the global support and continuous campaigns as an achievement for all of us: rallying, tweeting and simply saying "journalism is not a crime." "A moment of clarity flares my memory as I sit writing this letter in my navy blue prison garb reserved for convicts," wrote Fahmy. But Al Jazeera English's Cairo bureau chief said that despite their struggles, he and his colleagues remain determined to seek justice. "200 days of injustice, solitary confinement and collective punishment has left me and my colleagues, Peter Greste and Baher Mohammed, more determined than ever to fight this war against freedom of speech. Greste, Fahmy, and Mohamed were arrested in December in Cairo as they covered the aftermath of the army's removal of Mohamed Morsi from the presidency in July. The prosecution said Greste, Al Jazeera's East Africa correspondent, and his Egypt bureau colleagues aided the Brotherhood and produced false news reports of the situation in Egypt. The Brotherhood, which supported Morsi, was listed as a "terrorist" organisation by the interim Egyptian government shortly before the accused were arrested. The prosecution produced a number of items as evidence including a BBC podcast, a news report made while none of the accused were in Egypt, a pop video by the Australian singer Gotye, and several recordings on non-Egyptian issues.Source: Al Jazeera
The other side of Somalia's pirates Poisoned waters and illegal fishing drove Somalis into sea piracy to feed families, according to relatives. Human Rights, Poverty & Development, Environment
The most powerful mafia you've never heard of Italy's 'Ndrangheta crime syndicate is believed haul in more revenue than many Fortune 500 companies. Italy, Crime, Europe
New Afghan militia sets its sights on ISIL 'Marg' vigilante group vows to safeguard northern Afghanistan from armed factions amid reports of ISIL infiltration. War & Conflict, Asia, Afghanistan
Devastation and disease after deadly Malawi floods Tens of thousands stranded after southern Africa country's record floods face rising risk of disease outbreak. Humanitarian crises, Africa, Malawi
Thousands rally against detention of Maldives ex-leader Supporters of country's former President Mohamed Nasheed march in capital Male calling for his release. Politics, Maldives
Mexico captures most wanted drug kingpin 'La Tuta' Notorious boss of leading cartel Knights Templar, Servando Gomez Martinez, arrested in the state of Michoacan. Politics, Latin America
The SystemProsecutorial MisconductThe System examines two cases where prosecutorial misconduct may have led to wrongful imprisonment. Crime, Law, United States
Talk to Al JazeeraPrince Ali of Jordan: 'Bring back FIFA's reputation'The FIFA presidential candidate explains why he is challenging Sepp Blatter and how he plans to reform the organisation.Sport, Middle East, FIFA
Al Jazeera WorldAhalil: Music of the Red OasisThe music of the Algerian Sahara, known as Ahalil, is a key part of a way of life that has survived for centuries.Arts & Culture, Algeria, Music
People & PowerKilling the BallPeople & Power investigates how a match-fixer and his syndicate corrupted global football.Sport, Football, Corruption


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Food Allergy
Rosalyn Carson-DeWitt, MD DefinitionA food allergy is an adverse or abnormal immune reaction to a food or a food additive. Causes TOPA few specific foods seem to cause a majority of the food reactions. The most common triggers of a food reaction include:
Risk Factors TOPThis condition is more common in young children. Factors that increase your chance of food allergies include: Symptoms TOPSymptoms include:
Diagnosis TOPYou will be asked about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. Food allergies are often diagnosed based on your own observations. It is a good idea to keep a diary of your symptoms. Note when the symptoms occur and what you have eaten. Tests may include: Elimination DietYou may be asked to go on an elimination diet. This should be done under your doctor's care. You will not eat a suspected food. If your symptoms decrease or go away, your doctor may be able to make a diagnosis. If you eat the food and your symptoms come back, the diagnosis is confirmed. This is most often only done in cases of skin irritation or atopic dermatitis. Scratch Skin TestA diluted extract of the food will be placed on the skin of your forearm or back. The skin is scratched with a small pick or tiny needles. If there is swelling or redness, an allergic reaction may be present. The doctor will make the diagnosis based on the skin test and your history of symptoms. In rare cases, skin tests can have a severe allergic reaction. This test should only be used under the supervision of a physician or other trained medical personnel. Severe eczema may make this test hard to interpret. RAST or ELISA Test TOPThe doctor may order blood tests (RAST or ELISA). These tests measure the level of food-specific IgE in the blood. IgE is a type of protein that the body produces when it is exposed to something to which it is allergic. The presence of IgE in the blood may indicate an allergy, but is not enough to make a diagnosis. Treatment TOPAvoid foods and food ingredients that cause you to have an allergic reaction. If you think you've eaten something to which you are allergic and you have difficulty breathing, then call for emergency medical help. Treatments include:
If you are diagnosed with a food allergy, follow your doctor's instructions. Consider seeing an allergist—a doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating allergies. Prevention TOPTo reduce your chance of having a food allergy reaction:
RESOURCES:American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology http://www.aaaai.org Food Allergy Research and Education http://www.foodallergy.org CANADIAN RESOURCES:Allergy Asthma Information Association http://aaia.ca Calgary Allergy Network http://www.calgaryallergy.ca References:
Boyce JA, Assa'ad A, Burks AW, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food allergy in the United States: summary of the NIAID-sponsored expert panel report.
Nutr Res. 2011 Jan;31(1):61-75.
Food allergy. EBSCO DynaMed website. Available at: ...(Click grey area to select URL) Updated March 31, 2014. Accessed September 25, 2014. Food allergy: an overview. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases website. Available at: ...(Click grey area to select URL) Accessed September 25, 2014. Last reviewed August 2014 by Marcin Chwistek, MD Last Updated: 9/25/2014 | |


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For a limited time only, Thyme Maternity is offering FREE STANDARD SHIPPING on all online orders of $99 (CAD) or more (after applied discounts and before taxes) at www.thymematernity.com. To qualify, orders must be shipped within Canada via standard shipping service. Shipping costs will be automatically deducted at checkout from all eligible orders. Offer may not be applied to previously purchased merchandise, or to the purchase of gift cards. Free standard shipping offer applies to merchandise returns. Please allow up to 7 days for shipments to remote locations. Thyme Maternity reserves the right to modify the terms of this offer at any time without prior notice.
Treat the mom-to-be...
To our perfectgift card!
Get directions to a store listed above by doing a search by address on our store locator page »


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Authorities Arrest Person Of Interest In West Michigan Murder
Matthew Brunn was found at a Coney Island in Detroit after he fled a drug house. Brunn was wanted for questioning in connection with the death of 81-year-old Casey Wybenga
Major Drug Case Leads To Life Sentences For Men Who Sparked Manhunt In Detroit
Two brothers convicted of drug trafficking have been sentenced to life in prison, capping an unusual case that included a manhunt when they fled Detroit before the jury's verdict.
3 Arrests After Pharmacy Robbery Suspects Shot At Police On Detroit's West Side
Three people have been arrested following a manhunt that began with a Rite Aid robbery and shooting in Detroit.
Nationwide Manhunt Underway For Trio Accused Of Violent Crime Spree
A nationwide manhunt is underway for three people accused of a crime spree that started near Grand Rapids and reached all the way to metro Detroit.
Police Comb Oakland University Campus For 'Wanted Man'
Several police officers are combing the Oakland University campus in Auburn Hills in search of a wanted criminal.
No Bond For Man Who Stabbed Deputy And Escaped
A man who allegedly attacked a deputy and then went on the lam will be held without bond on attempted murder and other charges.
Lawyer Wants Psych Exam For Man Who Stabbed Deputy, Escaped
Abraham Pearson's attorney says his client has been "unresponsive" following his arrest.
Detroit Police Release 9-1-1 Call From Tipster That Leads To Capture Of Escaped Prisoner
Wayne County authorities searched well into the night to find an escaped prisoner who allegedly stabbed a deputy in a dramatic flight.
2 Women Assaulted At Home, Suspects At Large
A manhunt is underway in Monroe County, after officials say two women were terrorized in their homes overnight.
Woman Found Shot To Death In Detroit Hotel
Detroit police are on the hunt for the person who shot and killed a 21-year-old woman.


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What does AML mean in Law & Legal?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand AML in the Community field in general and in the Law & Legal terminology in particular.
Find a translation for AML in other languages:
Select another language:
Discuss this AML abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"AML." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 5 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/165482>.
AML also stands for:
- A Major Label
- Abandoned Mine Land
- Abandoned Mine Lands
- Absolute Minimizing Lipschitz
- ACPI Machine Language
... and 40 more »
Nearby & related abbreviations:
Alternative search:
- Search Alarm Maintenance Line on Amazon
- Search Alarm Maintenance Line on Google


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Valence Technology, Inc. Announces Release Date And Conference Call Information for Fiscal Year 2011 Third Quarter Financial Results
Valence Technology, Inc. (NASDAQ: VLNC), a leading U.S.-based global manufacturer of advanced energy storage solutions, will release results after the close of U.S. financial markets on February 2, 2011. Company management will conduct a conference call to discuss its fiscal 2011 third quarter financial results that afternoon at 3:30 p.m. CT (4:30 p.m. ET).
Those callers within the United States and Canada can dial (877) 375-1350 to participate. Callers outside the United States and Canada can dial (253) 237-1153. No passcode is required.
A live webcast of the conference call can be accessed by visiting Valence's website at www.valence.com and clicking on the following links: Investor Relations - Events & Presentations. To access the webcast, please go to this website approximately fifteen minutes prior to the start of the call to register, download, and install any necessary audio software.
A replay of the webcast will be available on the company's website at www.valence.com. A telephonic replay will also be available from 6:30 p.m. CT on February 2, 2011, through 6:30 p.m. CT on February 28, 2011. To access the replay, please dial (800) 642-1687 and enter conference passcode 35178882. Callers outside the United States and Canada can access the replay by dialing (706) 645-9291 and entering the conference passcode mentioned above.
About Valence Technology, Inc.: Valence Technology is a global leader in the development and manufacture of safe, long-life lithium iron magnesium phosphate advanced energy storage solutions and integrated command and control logic. Headquartered in Austin, Texas, Valence enables and powers some of the world's most innovative and environmentally friendly applications, ranging from commercial electric vehicles to industrial and marine equipment. Valence Technology today offers a proven technology and manufacturing infrastructure that delivers ISO-certified products and processes that are protected by an extensive global patent portfolio. In addition to the corporate headquarters in Texas, Valence Technology has its Research & Development Center in Nevada, its Europe/Asia Pacific Sales office in Northern Ireland, and global fulfillment centers in North America and Europe. Valence Technology is traded on the NASDAQ Capital Market under the ticker symbol "VLNC." For more information, visit www.valence.com.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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cindy crawford
Cindy Crawford in Frame Denim Le Garcon Jeans in Roxbury
Cindy Crawford left Starbucks in Malibu, California with a drink in hand. She was out for the day with her family running some errands.
Cindy wore a pair of Frame Denim Le Garcon Jeans in Roxbury with an abstract print halter top and some sandals. I think she looks really good in this outfit! Belting the jeans at the waist and wearing them with the sandals and top tucked in, really gives them more of a mature vibe! Buy Frame Denim online at Shopbop.com.
Images courtesy of INFdaily.com.
Cindy Crawford in JET Faded Black Side Studded Skinny Jeans
Cindy Crawford and daughter, Kaya Gerber, were pictured out and about in Beverly Hills, California doing some shopping.
Cindy wore a brand of jeans which we have never seen her in before, JET. She chose their Faded Black Side Stud skinny jeans in black with some flats and a simple white shirt. I think these jeans are really cool and they actually look great on Cindy! What do you think of them? Buy these jeans online at JET Jeans.
Images courtesy of Lazic/Borisio/INFdaily.com.
Cindy Crawford in AG Adriano Goldschmied The Legging in 6 Years Dive
Supermodel Cindy Crawford arrived with her husband, Rande Gerber, at Miami International Airport for Art Basel in Miami, Florida a few days ago.
I think Cindy looks amazing here, even when she's make-up free! She has gorgeous skin! She chose to wear a pair of AG Adriano Goldschmied The Legging jeans in 6 Years Dive with a white shirt and flats for the flight. I find Cindy's denim style to be quite similar to my own, she likes the same brands and fits that I do. I remember when she wore my Paige Lorna jeans a few times and now the AG Legging fit is one of my favourites too! You can buy these jeans online at AGJeans.com.
Images courtesy of INFdaily.com.
Cindy Crawford in Paige Lou Lou Jeans in Lorna
Cindy Crawford was spotted with her husband Rande Gerber at the Malibu Chili Cook off in Malibu, California. She wore a pair of jeans designed by our very own editor, Lorna, for Paige Denim; the Paige Lou Lou jeans in Lorna.
I still find the wash of these jeans really great. I think Lorna did an amazing job collaborating with Paige and I am not being biased. I really do find the tones in this wash to have a really great depth. You can click here to purchase these jeans from the Paige website for $119.40.


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AiGuru SV1, part of Asustek Computer's Eee videophone product family, is a Wi-Fi-capable device that enables users to make video calls for free to other Skype users without the need for a computer.
It features a large 7-inch display and a built-in webcam, speaker and microphone.
The AiGuru SV1, priced at US$299.95, is now available in North America from Skype's online shop, and will be available from Asustek's authorized resellers.
- Wireless broadband developments in Southeast Asia markets
As of 2013, the 10 ASEAN nations had a total of over 700 million mobile subscriptions, with the CAGR from 2003-2013 reaching 24%. This Digitimes Research Special Report analyzes the various mobile broadband markets in ASEAN and looks at the respective trends in 4G LTE development for those markets.
- Greater China touch panel shipment forecast through 2015
This Special Report provides forecasts through 2015 for Greater China touch panel shipments with breakdowns based on technology (glass, film, resistive), application (smartphone, NB and tablet) and by firm.
- 2014 global tablet demand forecast
This report analyzes the main players, their strategies and shipments forecasts for 2014, as well as other factors contributing to either growth or decline in various segments within the tablet market, with a particular focus on Apple, Google, Samsung, and Microsoft, along with whitebox vendors.


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Pop Culture
Hollywood Now: Emmy Rossum & Mila KunisBy Gerri Miller
Updates on celebrities in interfaith relationships including Mila Kunis, Emmy Rossum, Ian Ziering and more
Go To Pop CultureExperience an interactive Cyber-Sabbath service from the Society for Classical Reform Judaism.
Date: 08-01-2012Learning about Shabbat with his wife, he realised that there's no wrong way to celebrate the Sabbath.
Date: 08-10-2011Everything you wanted to know about the weekly celebration of Shabbat (and Havdalah) in one place.
Date: 07-14-2011A video showing one family's Friday night Shabbat rituals leading up to the dinner meal.
Date: 01-30-2012IFF Shabbat 2014 participants
Date: 09-03-2014Reviews of four books, great for reading with your young children, about Shabbat.
Date: 10-21-2011InterfaithFamily Shabbat is an opportunity for your synagogue or organization to join with other welcoming communities in a bold statement that we will continue to build an inclusive Jewish community in our local areas and across the country.
Date: 05-14-2014Answers to reader's questions about attending Saturday morning services at a synagogue for the first time.
Date: 08-06-2012Learn about Lecha Dodi, a featured poem sung during Friday night worship, and hear one of its melodies.
Date: 10-24-2012A guide to Jewish holidays, how to celebrate Jewish holidays, Jewish holiday dates and other important Jewish holiday information.
Date: 01-30-2009


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Fashion Merchandising and Management Three-Year Graduation Plan
This is a model three year graduation plan. Your path to graduation may vary slightly based on factors such as college credit you earned while in high school, your choice of general education electives, and placement in English and Mathematics.
This degree program can be completed in eight semesters which includes two summer semesters.
Third Semester (Summer)
ENG 210 Writing II: Writing Across the Disciplines | 3 |
Natural World | 4 |
Culture and Society: Humanities Perspective | 3 |
Total hours | 10 |
Sixth semester (summer)
Natural World | 4 |
Elective(s) | 3 |
Total hours | 7 |
Special course notices
Summer semesters over 10 hours require overload permission from the Dean of COB.


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Release Date: 2008-01-15 Last Update: 2008-10-17 Views: 17,584
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Elazar Broad has discovered some vulnerabilities in Macrovision FLEXnet Connect, which can be exploited by malicious people to overwrite arbitrary files and compromise a user's system
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Please provide information about patches, mitigating factors, new versions, exploits, faulty patches, links, and other relevant data by posting comments to this Advisory. You can also send this information to firstname.lastname@example.com
Subject: Macrovision FLEXnet Connect ActiveX Controls Insecure Methods
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text:
Germantown edges closer on BW3, small retail building
County Line Road development on Riversbend Country Club property
Germantown — Redevelopment plans at the 40-acre Riversbend Country Club property resurfaced Monday — sans the oft-discussed Olive Garden restaurant proposal.
The Village Board voted, 8-1, in favor of granting Menomonee Falls-based developer Continental Properties a revised list of conditions and restrictions for the property, W18034 County Line Road.
Nearly a year ago, Continental representatives came before the board with plans for freestanding Buffalo Wild Wings and Olive Garden restaurants. In May, Darden Restaurants, parent company of Olive Garden, announced it was backing out of its plans for the site as part of a cost-cutting measure.
Steve Wagner, senior vice president of Continental's retail group, said Buffalo Wild Wings remains a pivotal part of the redevelopment plans for the site. In lieu of Olive Garden, Wagner proposed a four-tenant retail building that will be comprised of small stores.
Prior to making a decision, the board held a public hearing and debated the merits of the revised plans. A number of concerns were raised throughout the lengthy discussion, including traffic, the quality of the commercial tenants and the impact on an adjacent residential property.
Coffee shop likely
Details of the 9,150-square-foot retail building were sparse during Monday's discussion, though Wagner said plans call for one tenant spot to feature a drive-through — likely for a coffee shop.
When Olive Garden pulled out of the project nine months ago, Wagner said Continental made efforts to find another sit-down restaurant at the property.
"There is no one more disappointed in this room than myself to have gotten that call from the Olive Garden," Wagner said.
With regard to the four-tenant retail building, Wagner said the company would make every effort of ensuring quality tenants land at the site. He pointed to other nearby developments the company has overseen along County Line Road.
Since 1996, Continental has brought in such retailers as Chili's, Sears Hardware, TJ Maxx and World Market.
"We have a long track record of bringing successful retail tenants to this town," Wagner said.
The Riversbend Country Club is only relinquishing 3.5 acres of its 40-acre parcel. The organization is planning a new golf clubhouse on the northern end of the remaining 37.5 acres of property.
Quality of life concerns
A number of nearby residents expressed concerns about the development and its impact on quality-of-life issues and property values during Monday's public hearing.
"I'm not opposed to development," said Robert Eastman, who lives right next to Riversbend's existing golf course. "But I'm concerned about a sports bar and how it's going to impact my property. Property values are really what's of concern here."
For its part, Continental executives are planning to shoulder the cost of installing an additional turn lane and traffic signal near the site to help address traffic and safety concerns.
Village President Dean Wolter was among the board members who favored the revised plans for the property, even though Olive Garden continued to be absent.
"County Line (Road) is going to grow with or without us," Wolter said. "I don't think this development is going to make traffic increase any faster. It's going to increase on its own."
Wolter admitted he would have liked to see Olive Garden included in the plans, but added, "I believe (Continental executives) are doing what they can."
Trustee Art Zabel was the sole dissenter.
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Dec 06, 2009, 07:50 AM | ||
Dec 06, 2009, 07:57 AM | |
I guess the 2 could mean "also", but when I signed on in '05 Oldcoot was already taken. Uhhh, I don't believe I want to be branding Moneykote with a hot branding iron. Hmm, a cutout like I did on my LB would work. Steve At least you got out there. 10 minutes ain't too shabby....some of mine are 2 1/2 to 3 minutes in nothing but sink. 26 degrees here on Glider Sunday with a North wind at 12mph......no flyin' again. Gerald |
Dec 06, 2009, 05:43 PM | |
Just a quick update
We worked on the built up trailing edge this afternoon, but the pics are still on his camera, and he is not quite done yet. Soon, I will update this.
We have been experimenting with very small amounts of polyurethane glue applied carefully. Pretty happy with the results, though the jury might still be out till it gets weighed at the end. We agonize for minutes and minutes trying to figure out the best glue and technique sometimes. Potential warp from carpenter glue in some steps, excessive P.U. glue foaming in others, brittleness of C.A. glue on thin trailing edges, etc. We try to balance all the pros and cons. This is turning into a very exciting build process for me and the Borg. One of his and my sister's cats jumped up on the table where the Leading Edge dried safely all night long and snapped one rib in two at the weak little hole. It only took us 10 minutes to carefully crazy glue it back to where it was supposed to be, but now we know it will fly right off the building board. Pre-crash, that's our motto. More soon....bot and borg |
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All Media Design Titles
- This is the first book presenting the basics and strategies for color management in the print publishing workflow with focus on producing according ISO 12647-2 and other standards. The user learns what to expect from color management according to the ICC-standard.
- This book takes a multi-disciplinary look at digital design research where digital design is embedded in a larger socio-cultural context. It is illustrated with real examples from digital design research practices from a variety of research projects.
Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment
This book constitutes the proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment, INTETAIN 2014. The 8 full papers presented together with 4 special ...
- This book teaches the use of LaTeX, a free, automated typesetting system, presenting techniques for writing an article, report, thesis, or book with data plots, complex graphics, and computer presentations, with examples showing input and output side by side.
The Design of Material, Organism, and Minds
The concepts of design are vaguely defined and ways of approaching them diverge substantially. This book presents various uses of design to support design science as a discipline that integrates the vast amount of isolated knowledge sources.


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recipe reviews for:
"Combine blueberries and bananas in these tender, golden loaves."
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The most-tender new vegetables are here just in time for early spring salads!
Creamy, comforting potato soups will warm you up.
Delicious recipes, party ideas, and cooking tips! Get a year of Allrecipes magazine for $7.99!
Discover the simple secret to moist, rich, delicious banana bread.
Here's a versatile banana bread for banana bread purists.
See how to make super-moist banana bread with concentrated banana flavor.


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The Maine Department of Education said it will no longer buy beef that contains Lean Finely Textured Beef, a cheap beef product known in the meat industry as "pink slime." It is used to bulk up hamburger patties and other ground beef products.
Read more »
A week after Lincolnwood voters soundly rejected spending $25 million on a new school, the superintendent and another top administrator have left their positions.
National competitiveness is the topic of the moment, but so much of the debate about it is conducted at 35,000 feet, at the policy level. In late March, I visited a place in Crown Heights, Brooklyn, where change is happening on the ground.
The proposed New York state budget being voted on in Albany this week includes the biggest increase in school funding in years.
An interim superintendent will lead Merrill Area Public Schools for another school year as the School Board continues its search for a permanent top administrator.
The likelihood of a child's being given a diagnosis of autism, Asperger syndrome or a related disorder increased more than 20 percent from 2006 to 2008, according to a report released on Thursday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
To support professionals and parents committed to helping children with autism thrive, Brookes Publishing Co. is holding giveaways of professional libraries during Autism Awareness Month in April.
The Learning First Alliance welcomes Jim Kohlmoos to its Board of Directors. Kohlmoos recently became executive director of the National Association of State Boards of Education.
In the year since the New York State Board of Regents issued a mandate that all student Regents answer sheets be scanned, recorded and maintained electronically, Optimum Solutions Corporation's Regents Scanning Solution has seen extraordinary growth in the number of N.Y. schools utilizing the scoring tool.
Schoology, the innovative learning management platform that combines course management with secure social networking, was announced as a finalist for the prestigious CODiE Awards given by the Software & Information Industry Association.