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US 20040083811 A1 Abstract An apparatus and method for counting wheel revolutions are provided that include a wheel-hub mountable odometer comprising an accelerometer comprising sensor means for sensing force, wherein the sensor means are operable to sense a force acting thereon and generate an electrical signal representative of said force. Further an electronic control system is provided comprising a microcontroller and power source, the microcontroller comprising electronic filtering means for attenuating irregularities in the signal from the sensor means and computing a wheel revolution count based on said attenuated signal, and output means for communicating the wheel revolution count. The accelerometer preferably comprises a dual axis electronic accelerometer with no internally rotating parts. Further, the output means preferably comprises at least one of a display means, an IR communication system, or a RF communications system.
Claims(28) 1. A wheel-hub mountable odometer comprising:
an accelerometer comprising sensor means for sensing force, wherein the sensor means are operable to sense a force acting thereon and generate an electrical signal representative of said force sensed by the sensor means, and wherein the signal is proportional to the number of wheel rotations of the wheel. 2. The odometer of
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21. A wheel-hub mountable odometer comprising:
an accelerometer comprising sensor means for sensing force, wherein the sensor means are operable to sense a force acting thereon and generate an electrical signal representative of said force; an electronic control system comprising a microcontroller and power source, the microcontroller comprising electronic filtering means for attenuating irregularities in the signal from the sensor means and computing a wheel revolution count based on said attenuated signal; and output means for communicating the wheel revolution count. 22. A method for counting wheel revolutions comprising:
attaching an electronic accelerometer to a wheel, the accelerometer comprising sensor means for sensing a force acting on the accelerometer and generating an electronic signal proportional to the force; and providing an electronic control system functionally connected to the accelerometer, comprising means for converting the accelerometer signal into a wheel revolution count; wherein the signal generated by the accelerometer is sent to the electronic control system which computes odometer data comprising the wheel revolution count based on the signal from the accelerometer. 23. The method of
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Description [0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/422,244, filed Oct. 30, 2002, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/443,147, filed Jan. 28, 2003, both of which are incorporated by reference. [0002] This invention relates to wheel-hub mounted odometers. More particularly, this invention relates to electronic hubodometers with no internal rotating parts or mechanical counters. This invention further relates to a system and method for transmitting hubodometer information to a remote location using a radio frequency (RF) communication system. [0003] Fleet maintenance agreements, leasing agreements and/or certain governmental regulations require the use of a device to accurately record the distance traveled by a commercial vehicle. One device, commonly known as a hubodometer, is typically bolted or otherwise attached to a wheel hub of the vehicle where it senses rotation of the wheel, the sensed rotation being correlated with distance traveled. In that this distance information is used for determining highway usage fees as well as for compliance with contractual agreements, it is imperative that the recording device be manufactured in a manner which prevents intentional or inadvertent alteration of the distance information. It is also imperative that the recording device be immune to transient movements of the device such that such movements are not interpreted as a rotation of the wheel hub. [0004] This problem has been solved by using a weighted mechanical assembly that sits on the end of the axle of the trailer. As the wheel turns, the weighted assembly stays stationary. This provides a relative motion that can drive a geared odometer. The problems with this method are that vibration can induce spin into the weighted assembly which makes the unit stop counting since there is no longer any relative motion with respect to the wheel to turn the internal gears. This forces the unit to inherently undercount overtime. Another limitation to this method is that every wheel needs different parts and gears so that mileage is displayed correctly on different wheel sizes. Not all wheel sizes can be supported in this manner though. A further limitation relates to the effect of wheel impacts when driving over rough surfaces or rocks. These impacts can impart inaccuracies into the odometer count. [0005] In the past solutions have been proposed including an electronic solution to the gearing problems. This is shown in FIG. 1. The gearing on the weighted assembly 24 is replaced with a magnet 10 mounted on the rotating portion and one or more magnetic switches 12 mounted on the weighted assembly 24. As the wheel 5 rotates in a counter clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow 25, over a surface 30, the magnetic switch 12 closes to provide an electrical impulse to the counter 18 when the magnet 10, rotating with the wheel 5, rotates past the switch 12. [0006] This configuration solves the problems of gear ratios since software defines the counts per mile now; however, the unit still has essentially all the same mechanical components to keep the weighted assembly from spinning. This leads to more cost on a unit that still has the same failure modes plus a few new ones such as rocking and battery life problems. There still exists the problem of road impacts 40 disturbing the counting mechanism 18. [0007] It would therefore be beneficial to have an electronic hubodometer with no moving internal parts, capable of accurately tracking mileage while minimizing distortions due to wheel impacts and vibrations. [0008] It would be further beneficial to monitor hubodometer data from a location remote from the wheel. Preferable locations would include inside the passenger compartment of the vehicle; from a hand held monitor; or from a building proximate to where the vehicle is stored. When working with a fleet of vehicles, it would further be beneficial to provide hubodometer information on a network where it is accessible from a plurality of locations. These include the Internet and cellular or satellite monitoring systems. [0009] In a first aspect of the present invention, a wheel-hub mountable odometer is provided comprising an accelerometer comprising sensor means for sensing force, wherein the sensor means are operable to sense a force acting thereon and generate an electrical signal representative of said force. Further, an electronic control system is provided comprising a microcontroller and power source, the microcontroller comprising electronic filtering means for attenuating irregularities in the signal from the sensor means and computing a wheel revolution count based on said attenuated signal, and output means for communicating the wheel revolution count. The accelerometer preferably comprises a dual axis electronic accelerometer with no internally rotating parts. Further, the output means preferably comprises at least one of a display means, an IR communication system, or an RF communications system. [0010] In a second aspect of the present invention a method for counting wheel revolutions is provided comprising, attaching an electronic accelerometer to a wheel, the accelerometer comprising sensor means for sensing a force acting on the accelerometer and generating an electronic signal proportional to the force, and providing an electronic control system functionally connected to the accelerometer, comprising means for converting the accelerometer signal into a wheel revolution count wherein the signal generated by the accelerometer is sent to the electronic control system which computes odometer data comprising the wheel revolution count based on the signal from the accelerometer. [0011] One feature and advantage of the present invention is a more accurate odometer, which is less susceptible to miscounts due to vibration and road impacts. The data filtering and reconstruction techniques of the present invention greatly improve the accuracy of the odometer over prior art devices. As shown in FIG. 10, the odometers of the present invention, Electronic A and Electronic B, have significantly lower error rates as compared to commonly used mechanical odometers. Digital filtering of the electronic signal, as well as tracking and storing data such as velocity and acceleration allow for reconstruction of lost or irreconcilable accelerometer signals. [0012] It is a feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an electronic hub-mounted odometer with no internal moving parts. This decreases wear on the system and prolongs the useful life of the odometer. [0013] It is a further feature and advantage of the present invention to provide an electronic hubodometer that can self-correct for impacts and vibrations felt by the wheel. [0014] An additional feature and advantage of the present invention comprises a means for extending battery life through adaptive power control techniques. [0015] A feature and advantage of the present invention provides a means for communicating odometer information to a remote location, as well as providing instructions to the odometer. [0016] Another feature and advantage of the present invention provides for an odometer fully enclosed and hermetically sealed in a housing. The extended life of the odometer and electrical components eliminate the need to access the internal components of the odometer, thereby maintaining the hermetic seal throughout the life of the apparatus. [0017]FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a hubodometer commonly found in the prior art. [0018]FIG. 2 shows a schematic view of a hubodometer of an embodiment of the present invention. [0019]FIG. 3 shows a plot of x-axis and y-axis acceleration data generated by an accelerometer mounted in the center of a wheel in an embodiment of the present invention. [0020]FIG. 4 shows a plot of x-axis and y-axis acceleration data generated by an accelerometer mounted at a distance R from the wheel center in an embodiment of the present invention. [0021]FIG. 5 shows a diagram of the electronic components comprising one embodiment of the present invention. [0022]FIG. 6 shows a diagram of a typical RF backscatter communication system used in an embodiment of the present invention. [0023]FIG. 7 shows the measured force sensed by one axis of an accelerometer in an embodiment of the present invention. [0024]FIG. 8 is a plot of x-axis vs. y-axis sensor data received from an accelerometer in an embodiment of the present invention. [0025]FIG. 9 is a plot of x-axis acceleration vs. y-axis acceleration after digital filtering in an embodiment of the present invention. [0026]FIG. 10 is a comparison of error rates for a series of electronic and mechanical odometers. [0027] In a first aspect of the present invention, an electronic hubodometer is provided comprising a dual axis accelerometer mounted to a wheel hub. In further embodiments of the present invention, electronic components including a microcontroller and communication system means are provided to interpret the accelerometer signal, calculate odometer information, and communicate the data to a remote location. [0028] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the accelerometer and electronic components of this system comprise a solid state system with no moving parts. Therefore, the product size is dictated only by the size of the display needed to read the mileage. This allows freedom in design of the surrounding enclosures, leading to a potential for cost reductions in the unit since one unit can work with all wheel sizes using the same components. [0029] The odometer enclosure comprises two main components, a back-cup and front cover. The majority of wheel-mounted odometers utilize a back-cup made from metal with a plastic front cover. Methods for closure or assembly of the housing components include swaging, snapping, and using an external clamp. All methods require a seal to keep out moisture. [0030] A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a plastic back-cup with an insert-molded stud. The insert is custom designed to react to external loads including rotation, bending, and axial thrust. The design of the back-cup also allows for maximum internal cavity space for the electronic components. While the back-cup is designed with strength in mind, it also contains features to limit battery movement and possible disconnection. The printed circuit board (PCB) is supported by the tops of strengthening ribs and sandwiched between the back-cup and front cover to lock it tightly in place. The front cover is held in place through ultrasonic welding to the back-cup. This provides a solid unit that eliminates the need for mechanical fastening of the PCB to any other component separately, and further creates a hermetic seal between the back-cup and front cover without the need of other sealing components. [0031] Accelerometers come in many varieties including piezoelectric accelerometers which use piezoelectric crystals to produce an electric charge when a force is exerted under acceleration; a potentiometric accelerometer which uses displacement of a spring and mass linked to a wiper arm which moves across a potentiometer; a reductive accelerometer which uses an inductance bridge to produce an output voltage proportional to the movement of a mass by causing the inductances of two coils to vary in opposing directions; a strain gauge accelerometer, or piezoresistive accelerometer which uses strain gauges acting as arms of a Whetstone bridge to convert mechanical strain to DC voltage; a capacitive accelerometer in which a change in acceleration causes a change in the space between a moving and a fixed electrode; and a vibrating element accelerometer in which a small displacement of the mass varies the tension of a tungsten wire in a permanent magnetic field and current through the wire causes the wire to vibrate at a resonant frequency. [0032] All accelerometers share the characteristic of measuring a force in a given direction. Positive accelerometer readings are indicative of a force applied in the direction of orientation of the accelerometer. Negative accelerometer readings are indicative of a force applied directly opposite or offset 180� from the direction of orientation of the accelerometer. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the accelerometer comprises a device capable of measuring a force applied thereto, with no internal moving parts. [0033] In a most preferred embodiment of the present invention, the accelerometer sensor comprises a surface micromachined polysilicon structure built on top of the silicon wafer. Polysilicon springs suspend the structure over the surface of the wafer and provide a resistance against acceleration forces. Deflection of the structure is measured using a differential capacitor that consists of independent fixed plates and central plates attached to the moving mass. The fixed plates are driven by 180� out of phase square waves. An acceleration will deflect the beam and unbalance the differential capacitor, resulting in an output square wave whose amplitude is proportional to acceleration. Phase sensitive demodulation techniques are then used to rectify the signal and determine the direction of the acceleration. [0034] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the accelerometer comprises a dual-axis accelerometer. Dual axis accelerometers have two sensors and measure force along two axes. In an alternate embodiment of the present invention, force is detected along two axes by mounting two unidirectional accelerometers along differing axis. Addition of the second axis of measurement is preferable, as this greatly simplifies the digital filtering required to reduce noise and vibrations. [0035] The two axes of measurement in the present invention comprise any two directional vectors separated by an angle other than 180� or 360�. At an angle of separation comprising 180� the two detectors would measure the same force, but in opposite directions. Similarly, a separation angle of 360� would result in duplicative data. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the angle of separation comprises 90�, or similarly 270�. This angle of separation is preferred as it simplifies calculations and represents the greatest offset between the two readings. This increases the accuracy of the accelerometer measurements, and the accuracy of estimating missing data points when the accelerometer produces erratic signals due to large road impacts. [0036] For the purposes of simplification of this discussion, the preferred dual axis accelerometer will be referenced including two detectors offset by an angle of 90�. Additionally, the accelerometer will be referenced from a position in the center of the wheel. However, in an alternate embodiment of the present invention, the accelerometer is positioned at a distance R from the center of the wheel. [0037] Referring to FIG. 2, a dual axis accelerometer 110 is placed at the center 120 of the wheel 105. The accelerometer detects force along two axes, an x-axis 114 and a y-axis 112 offset from the x-axis by 90�. As the wheel 105 rotates in a direction shown by the arrow 125, the orientation of the x-axis and y-axis will change with respect to the ground 130. Assuming a flat surface, the force of gravity (g) is felt in a direction perpendicular to the ground 130. [0038] Before the wheel starts to turn the y-axis 112 of the accelerometer will detect the full force of gravity (1 g), and the x-axis 114 will not detect any force from gravity because the force is acting on the x-axis sensor perpendicular to the direction of detection (i.e. the force has no x-axis component). As the rotation begins in the direction indicated by the arrow 125, the accelerometer will detect decreasing values along the y-axis as the y-axis approaches an orientation perpendicular to the force of gravity. Simultaneously, the x-axis will detect an increasing force of gravity in a negative direction as it approaches an orientation parallel, but opposite to, the gravitational pull. After one-quarter turn of the wheel, the x-axis is oriented directly upward and detects −1 g of force. The y-axis would be perpendicular to the direction of gravity and would detect no force. [0039] As the wheel continues to rotate, the resulting force felt by the x-axis and y-axis will continue to cycle through a range from +1 to −1 in a sinusoidal fashion, offset by 90�. The result, as illustrated in FIG. 3, are two sinusoidal curves, the x-axis producing a sine curve, and the y-axis producing a cosine curve. One complete period of the curve or 360� corresponds to one complete revolution of the wheel 105. Similarly, a partial period of the curve corresponds to a partial rotation of the wheel. [0040] If the accelerometer 110 is not located at the center 120 of the wheel, the force felt by the x-axis and y-axis sensors will ride on a centripetal acceleration reading that will vary with radial distance from the center of the wheel. For example at a given distance �R� from the center of the wheel the accelerometer will detect a constant force �F� due to the centripetal force of the spinning wheel. This force �F� will also vary with the angular velocity of the wheel. As such, F is only constant for a given velocity. [0041] In addition to the velocity dependant centripetal force, the sensors will detect the cyclical gravitational force of +/−1 g, as discussed above. Therefore, in an embodiment of the present invention wherein the accelerometer is mounted away from the center of the wheel, the same sinusoidal pattern will be reported by the accelerometer, only it will have �shifted� due to the centripetal acceleration experienced by the sensors. This is illustrated in the acceleration plot in FIG. 4 in which the centripetal acceleration produces a constant 1 g of force, and the force due to gravity cycles through the +/−1 sinusoidal pattern. This is assuming a constant angular velocity throughout the plot. [0042] The output of the accelerometer x-axis and y-axis sensors is a DC voltage that varies with measured force. Thus, a full rotation of the wheel is represented by a sine or cosine wave of DC voltage as output from the accelerometer. The odometer count of wheel revolutions is equivalent to the number of periods of the curve. [0043] In a further embodiment of the present invention, once the acceleration signal is generated by the accelerometer, it is communicated to a printed circuit board or other such device to be converted to a suitable format through the electronic components of the odometer. The signal coming from the accelerometer is a DC voltage that is proportional to the force exerted on the accelerometer. As discussed previously, this is a sinusoidal wave, however impacts and other disturbances will cause spikes and other anomalies in the curve. These irregularities in the curve will add inaccuracies to the odometer data if not corrected. Electronic data manipulation is performed to interpret this signal from the accelerometer, correct for spikes and abnormalities in order to increase the accuracy of the data. Once the accelerometer data is �clean�, the microcontroller can calculate other useful data such as velocity, acceleration of the wheel, and rotation counts. [0044] Mileage is equivalent to the wheel revolution count multiplied by the circumference of the wheel. Velocity and acceleration are calculated from the accelerometer output coupled with a timer means, such as a clock incorporated in to the microcontroller. Velocity is calculated by dividing the mileage by time. Thus, velocity is proportional to the period of the sinusoidal curve. Acceleration is measured by the change in the period of the sinusoidal curve for a given time. Thus, a constant period of the curve indicates a constant velocity, while changes in the period of the curve are representative of acceleration. [0045] Referring to FIG. 5, the circuit board comprises a controller, which in a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a microprocessor or microcontroller 170 having internal read-only memory (ROM) 174 and random access memory (RAM) 176. The ROM 174 stores the operating program including the impact adjustment program and any communications programs, as well as other accelerometer and odometer data. The RAM 176 is employed as a temporary �operating� memory wherein accelerometer readings and other odometer data is stored. Additionally, a permanent memory (not shown) is provided to backup data and prevent loss in the event of a power failure. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller comprises an ultra-low-power microcontroller, for example, part number MSP430F133, manufactured by Texas Instruments Incorporated, Dallas, Tex. [0046] When the accelerometer senses changes in the gravitational force indicating the wheel is rotating, the x-axis and y-axis acceleration signals are passed to the microprocessor that converts the sine and cosine voltage patterns into angular readings. However, these readings are easily distorted since any impact 140 to the wheel is also detected by the accelerometer. For even small impacts, the magnitude of the impact and its frequency will be many times the force of gravity. In some tests, it has been observed that the impacts felt by a semi trailer wheel are approximately 6-8 g's of acceleration during 20-30 percent of operation. Additionally, there are occasional large impacts, which can exert a force on the wheel of 30 g or more. The preferred accelerometer chosen for use in the present invention is particularly well suited to detect the +/−1 g of gravitational force. Therefore, large impacts can greatly distort the accelerometer readings and render the sensors �blind�, or unable to transmit meaningful data for a short period of time. [0047] The microcontroller performs signal-conditioning functions 172 to convert the incoming accelerometer signal into a machine friendly format, preferably a digital signal. Once the signal is digitized, it is electronically manipulated to reduce or eliminate the noise created by wheel impacts and vibrations. In one embodiment of the present invention, this is accomplished through digital filtering 178. [0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the digital filtering 178 is performed by an adaptive frequency filter. This digital filter allows the electronic hubodometer to accurately measure wheel rotation under a vast array of road conditions. The adaptive frequency is calculated through the use of a digital phase locked loop operating on the two quadrature sine and cosine waveforms. The quadrature nature of the two waveforms allows for speed locking in spite of impacts since the impacts will cause perturbations that are phase coherent and therefore can be filtered out. The impact amplitude will vary based on which axis is more closely aligned with the point of impact. Additionally the impact amplitude will vary generally with wheel speed because higher wheel speeds will cause impacts that are more forceful. [0049] When the wheel is rotating slowly, and impacts are relatively small, the system is phase locked to the wheel rotation and a digital bandpass filter is implemented. Since the system is phase locked to the wheel rotation, the sample rate of the filter will vary with the rotational speed. Thus, the filter adapts to the wheel frequency. The filter then attenuates impacts that would otherwise distort the angular readings of the wheel. [0050] To illustrate the problem of impacts distorting accelerometer measurements, test data shown in FIGS. 7-9 is provided. FIG. 7 shows raw accelerometer data received from one of the sensors. As can be seen, there is a relatively constant 4 g's due to centripetal acceleration, with the sinusoidal wave imposed therein. Impacts cause the force to spike 6-8 g's quite regularly. [0051]FIG. 8 is a plot of x-axis vs. y-axis acceleration for a two-axis accelerometer of the present invention. As can be seen, the data points from the accelerometer signal generally form a circular pattern as would be expected; however, there is significant �noise� due to impacts and vibrations. FIG. 9 is a plot of the same data as FIG. 8 after it has been digitally filtered to attenuate irregularities. Once the accelerometer signal has been filtered, revolution counts and other odometer data may be extracted. [0052] There are circumstances and anomalies in accelerometer data that advanced digital filtering cannot rectify. Depending on the sensitivity and range of measurement of the accelerometer, there may be instances where the accelerometer experiences blindness. For example, when the wheel impacts 140 a large object at a high rate of speed, the sensors can experience over 30 g on impact. This can result in a temporary saturation of the sensor and an impact signal that is unrestorable by the electronic filters. [0053] To overcome this temporary blindness, the velocity and acceleration of the wheel are tracked by the on-board electronics and stored in memory. When a temporary blindness or otherwise irreconcilable accelerometer signal occurs, the stored data is used to estimate wheel rotation during the blind period. The accuracy of this estimation is improved by comparing post-blindness data to pre-blindness data to better interpolate the data lost during the period of blindness. [0054] In a further embodiment of the present invention, a display means 190 is mounted on the front face of the hubodometer and operates in communication with the microcontroller 170. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the display means 190 comprises a display device such as a light emitting diode (LED), liquid crystal display (LCD) or other such low-power display. The microcontroller operates the display to make odometer readings and other data visually available to an observer. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the microcontroller enables the display to be visible only when the wheel is stationary. When the wheel is rotating and rotations are being sensed, the display is turned off to conserve power and further battery life. When the wheel is stationary, accelerometer readings indicate lack of rotation as well as orientation of the wheel. Since the hubodometer housing and display are fixed relative to the wheel, an inverted data signal also indicates the display is inverted. The microcontroller then inverts the data on the display such that it is oriented correctly and easily viewed by an observer. [0055] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the system further comprises a power supply 180 to provide power to the accelerometer 150, microcontroller 170, display 190, and the various communication means 192, 195. Preferably, the battery is a high capacity, long life battery such as a lithium battery, that provides several years of operating power for the electronic components. [0056] Battery life is further extended through efficient operation of the system by the microcontroller. When the wheel is rotating at a constant rate, the sample rate can be decreased to reduce power consumption because the data between samples is easily reconcilable. When the wheel is accelerating or decelerating, the sample rate is increased to more accurately track the changes in wheel speed. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as discussed above, the system is phase locked to the wheel speed. Thus, the accelerometer is turned on at a sample rate proportional to the wheel speed and/or acceleration. The system samples accelerometer data and interpolates between data points, similarly to the reconstruction of data during blindness. In doing so, the system reduces the overall power consumption while maintaining appropriate accuracy of the data. [0057] When the system detects no change in the wheel's angular position, indicating the wheel has stopped, the display is turned on. Additionally, when the wheel stops, the system drops the sample rate of the accelerometer such that only occasional readings are taken while the vehicle is motionless. These adaptive power control techniques allow the system to use power less than one percent of the time over the life of the battery. This allows a small battery to last for extended periods of time, in some cases 10 years or more depending on the type of battery used. [0058] In a further aspect of the present invention, a communication system is provided to communicate odometer information to a location remote from the wheel and allow the odometer to be programmed, calibrated, or otherwise controlled. The two preferred communication systems for use in the present invention include an infrared system and an RF communication system. [0059] In a further embodiment of the present invention, the communication system comprises an infrared (IR) communication system. The IR communication system is in communication with the microcontroller and accessed through the display means. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the IR communication system is built into the microcontroller 170. An infrared LED and photosensor comprise the IR interface 192 and are incorporated into the display means 190, or otherwise mounted on the external surface of the hubodometer. IR communication systems have been used with hub-mounted odometers extensively. An example of such a system is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,697,278 to Fleischer, hereby incorporated by reference in full. [0060] In a further aspect of the present invention, hubodometer data is transmitted to a remote location through an RF communication system. Typically, such a system includes an interrogator at the remote location that generates a modulated or unmodulated radio frequency interrogation signal, and an RF �tag� incorporated into the hubodometer to receive the signal from the interrogator and communicate hubodometer data back to the interrogator. [0061] The RF tag is activated when an RF signal is transmitted or broadcast from the interrogator and impinges the antenna on the tag. This signals the tag to activate. Electronic controls on the tag receive odometer information and communicate this information back to the interrogator by modulating the antenna on the tag according to a predetermined format. As additional RF energy from the interrogator impinges the antenna on the tag, a portion of that energy will be reflected back to the interrogator. The reflected energy will vary in form due to modulations in the antenna. The interrogator receives this reflected energy containing modulations from the tag's antenna and deciphers the modulations to extract odometer information. [0062] This modulation of reflected RF energy is commonly known as RF backscatter communication. There are two types of radio frequency identification (RFID) devices that use RF backscatter methods: passive and semi-passive. There is a further method of RF communication known as active RFID wherein the tag comprises a transceiver capable of both receiving RF signals from the interrogator and actively transmitting RF signals back. Active-RFID has a greater broadcast range because the tag is generating and transmitting an active signal. However, active-RFID uses significantly more power and is less suitable for low-power battery operated systems. [0063] Passive RF tags work by receiving energy from an interrogator and using the energy to power the electronic components on the tag. There is no battery or power source physically connected to the tag. The only power the tag receives is in the form of RF energy from the interrogator. Once the tag has absorbed enough energy to power the electronics, the tag communicates information to the interrogator by modulating its antenna characteristics to reflect energy back to the interrogator in a meaningful manner. [0064] Passive RF tags operate inductively or through a direct electric field. The most common are inductive RF tags, which typically operate at a frequency of 13.25 MHz. Newer RF tags have been operating at higher frequencies that allow them to become capacitive in nature and take advantage of far field effects. These newer tags can operate at 915 MHz or 2.45 GHz; however, their typical range is still limited to about 3 meters. [0065] Semi-passive RF systems comprise a tag connected to a power source such as a battery to provide power to the onboard electronics. It is important to note that in a semi-passive system the battery is not used to transmit a signal, but rather, only to operate the electrical systems on the RF tag. Since the battery powers the onboard circuitry, the interrogator only has to send enough power to alert the RF tag and provide RF energy for the backscatter communication. This greatly improves the range of the system because in the passive RF tag scenario described above, the onboard electronics use most of the power to run the electronics on the tag leaving little to be reflected back to the interrogator. Semi-passive systems generally operate in the 900 MHz and 2.45 GHz bands and have an operational range of over 100 meters in some applications. A preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a semi-passive RF communication system. [0066] A typical interrogator 300 and tag 400 used in RFID systems of the present invention can be viewed in FIG. 6. The interrogator 300 comprises an oscillator 310 generates a signal at a frequency within the operating band of the RF tag 400. The signal is modulated by a frequency modulator 320 to encode instructions and otherwise communicate with the RF tag 400. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a simple modulation scheme is used to decrease the cost of the system. The most preferred modulation scheme is bi-phase modulation. However, other modulation schemes may be used in conjunction with the present invention. After modulation, the signal is split. One part of the signal is amplified in a power amplifier 330 and broadcast through an antenna 340. The other piece of the signal is sent to the demodulator 360 on the receive side of the interrogator. [0067] The semi-passive RF tag 400 comprises an antenna 410, tuned to absorb energy in a predetermined band, diode detector 420 which rectifies the signal, turning the radio signal into a voltage, and comparator 430 that compares the voltage from the diode detector 420 to a set voltage or activation voltage. A battery (not shown) powers these electronic components thereby eliminating the need to receive and store power from the interrogator for the purposes of operating the on board electronics. [0068] When the proper activation voltage is received by the RF tag, indicating that the interrogator is broadcasting a request for information, the comparator 430 signals the microcontroller 440 which times how long the energy impinges the antenna 410 and when it stops. The microcontroller 440 uses this data to determine the modulation of the signal and decoding the information sent from the interrogator. The tag then receives odometer information 450 for communication to the interrogator. [0069] Once the interrogator 300 transmits the modulated command, the modulator 320 in the interrogator turns off and the interrogator 300 broadcasts unmodulated energy to the RF tag 400. The RF tag 400 uses this unmodulated signal to communicate back to the interrogator 300. [0070] While the RF tag has been described as a separate system that receives odometer information from the odometer's microcontroller, it is within the scope of the present invention to incorporate the electronic controls of the RF tag into the microcontroller of the odometer. Further, in embodiments of the present invention comprising an RF communication system separate from the odometer system, the power source operating the accelerometer and odometer circuitry may be employed to operate the electronics of the RF tag. [0071] The interrogator of the RF communication system is positioned proximate to the vehicle within range of the backscatter RF signal. Such locations may include the passenger compartment of the vehicle on which the odometer is mounted, a portable hand-held device, or the control center of a storage or maintenance yard where vehicles are kept. [0072] In a still further embodiment of the present invention, information from the odometer is communicated from the interrogator to a wireless network such as a cellular or satellite network. In this embodiment, the interrogator is in communication with a network interface that allows the information to be further communicated throughout network. This would allow an observer to monitor information being communicated by the odometers. For example, a user at a central monitoring station would be able to monitor odometer readings for a vehicle or fleet of vehicles while the vehicles are dispersed along their routes. [0073] Though the RF communication system as described herein has a limited operational range, once the information is transmitted to the network, that network will provide the necessary communication to any location in the world with such network capabilities. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the network comprises the Internet. Once this information is available through the Internet, it is accessible from almost any location through hand held wireless devices such as Personal Digital Assistants or laptop computers. [0074] Although the present invention has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it should be recognized that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the apparatus, system and methods of the present invention may be constructed and implemented in other ways and embodiments. Accordingly, the description herein should not be read as limiting the present invention, as other embodiments also fall within the scope of the present invention. Referenced by
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Went to Hartford, CT to visit the Wadsworth Atheneum for the first time. Founded by Daniel Wadsworth of prominent Hartford family in 1842. Drawn by the current exhibit, Burst of Light, Caravaggio and His Legacy. 5 Caravaggio's, St. Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy, Martha and Mary Magdelen, Salome Receives the Head of St. John the Baptist, The Denial of St. Peter and Saint John the Baptist, and 30 paintings by his followers, the Caravaggisti. Good chance to see some paintings that most people will never have an opportunity to see. The St. Francis is sweet but the John the Baptist is dominent. The museum has a nice collection of European and American painting but I really loved their diverse abstract, impressionist and modern collection including some decorative arts. My favorites were the O'Keefe Clam Shell, Warhol's Jackie, the Magrittes, a Pollock and several Calder including Praying Mantis. Hudson River School is well represented with Cole, Church and Bierstadt. Café has reasonable prices, decent food and a liquor license. Free docent tours daily.
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Goldman Sachs' head of real estate investment banking for Asia excluding Japan, Michael Smith, said low interest rates, a strong commercial property market and capital flows were the three factors that had made the reit market more attractive.
Saturday, 27 April, 2013, 5:07amLeaders of the Hong Kong Catholic diocese will pay their first formal duty visit to the Pope this month since the handover.
During the visit, diocesan head Cardinal Joseph Zen Ze-kiun will submit a report documenting the diocese's transition in the past decade and will request final approval for his retirement.
9 Jun 2008 - 12:00amHSBC Asia head Michael Smith may have jumped ship to become chief executive of ANZ Australia and New Zealand Banking Group in October but memories of his former employer will be literally in his pocket.
'I will keep on using HSBC credit cards as the internet banking service is good,' Mr Smith said. 'But I will definitely use ANZ cards as well.'
27 Aug 2007 - 12:00amMichael Smith has worked all over the world, but his heart is in Hong Kong
WHEN MICHAEL SMITH first came to Hong Kong to work for HSBC in the late 1970s as a fresh-faced graduate from London, he found a very Asian city. Now things are different for the city, the man and the bank.
10 Apr 2006 - 12:00amHSBC Holdings, parent of Hong Kong's biggest lender, is starting to taste the returns of its 'investing for the future' strategy with good profit growth now deriving from emerging markets, including those in Asia.
8 Aug 2005 - 12:00amTHE script could not have been written any better for the featured Waterford Crystal final at the Macau Canidrome's big St Patrick's Night bash on Saturday.
In attendance was the Irish Minister of the Environment, Michael Smith, to make the presentation, and up popped Gold City to beat Coleraine Copper by a length in the 490-yard dash.
21 Mar 1994 - 12:00am


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I am going to be using DME to prime my beer for the first time. I normally use corn sugar but I forgot to pick it up and I've got a bunch of DME lying around. Normally when I use corn sugar I heat up a cup of water and then simply let the sugar dissolve in the hot water. When using DME do I need to boil it for 10 minutes or so in order to release the sugars or can I use the same method as when I use corn sugar? Thanks folks.
I've never done it, but yes, I believe you have to cook it just like you'd brew a wort. That is, getting past the hot break, etc. Also, don't forget that you have to use more DME than you would with corn sugar. And that it also takes twice as long to carb.
Personally, I would just go back and get the corn sugar, even if that means you can't bottle for a couple days, simply because of the 2-3 weeks of extra time the DME takes to carb.


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Synonyms of trip in English:
2 students often trip up by forgetting to add a bibliography
informal slip up, screw up, make a boo-boo, goof up, mess up, fluff
3 the question was intended to trip him up
catch out, trick, outwit, outsmart;
throw off balance, disconcert, unsettle, discountenance, discomfit, throw, wrong-foot
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This is my third or fourth order from MJM and they continue to prove themselves as the premier web-site for magic supplies. I never refer anyone...Read More ->
These people are GREAT! Why? 1. They reply to "email" 2. They are "user friendly!" 3. They will "HELP YOU!" 4. They use "PayPal!" 5. They...Read More ->


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We want to ensure that making a return is as easy and hassle-free as possible! If for any reason you decide that your purchase just isn't for you, simply return the item within 30 days of receipt and we'll cover the return shipping when you choose our FREE Pre-Paid Return Shipping Label. Learn more about our return policy.
Shop now and get Free Value Shipping on most orders over $49 to contiguous 48 states, DC and to all U.S. Military APO/FPO/DPO addresses.
The #011 is out latest addition in concealment leather. It is built from top grain saddle leather and lined on the outside with a super tough polyurethane finish. This combination was originally designed for Federal Law Enforcement with longevity and performance as primary concerns. The smooth leather lining protects the gun's finish and offers a quick, silky draw. The #011 is an asymmetrical holster.


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The top 25 places we think should be on every traveler's radar this year.
MoreThe Peloponnese are woefully underserved by tourist offices. Olympia does have both an outlet of the Greek National Tourism Organization and a locally run tourist office, but most towns in the region do not have tourist offices of any sort. For tourist information and general help in places without tourist offices, it's best to contact the local tourist police, who often speak English and can be extremely helpful.
Olympia Tourist Information (Praxitelous Kondili 75, Olympia, 27065. 26240/22262.)


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Kichler Lighting 9789 Townhouse Outdoor Sconce
Product Description
Available while supplies last.
With its intricate design, the Townhouse Collection adds classic form to Kichler's expansive assortment of decorative outdoor lighting. Made by the finest craftsmen in the industry, ensuring these high quality fixtures will continue looking fabulous for years to come.
Light Bulb: | (1)100w A19 Med F Incand | |
Voltage: | 120 volt | |
Installation: | Wet Locations [Explain] | |
Listing: | , Quick Ship |
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Write a ReviewGreat Light!
By Gayla O. from Sweeny, TX on Nov 26, 2014
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Looks great, lighting is great. I installed it myself, very easy. I have had lots of compliments on it as well. I would highly recommend this light.
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By Richard B. from Traverse City, MI on Mar 24, 2014
I have not had these installed yet as the siding is not on the house. I am certain they will be a perfect match for the front of the house as the closely match the garage doors accents. All of the lights I have purchased for the house through ATG stores are of great quality and great pricing.
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I would recommend these fixtures. For the price they are great lights.
By sheila k. from Macomb, MI on Aug 05, 2009
The lights look great outside. My husband had a little trouble installing these fixtures. The quality wasn't the greatest. Once up, they look and work great.
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Make Your "Five-Oh" Go Faster and Smoother
Learn how to pump up the volume in your pony.
It's a long way from Detroit to Milan, but Hudson's attempt to bridge that gap was nothing less than amazing.
V-8 power makes this the best C1 ever.
In just a few short years, Walter P. Chrysler took his company from an unknown automotive manufacturer to fourth in the industry, with...
Giving a 1927 Chrysler a really personal touch...and 3,000 rivets.
Dodge's assembly plant on Monroe Street was a testament to the highs and lows of the American automobile industry.
Putting a unique grille on your hot rod, rat rod, or custom is easier than you think.
Ford was just ramping up production of their new 1942 models when World War II rerouted production for a greater cause.
A peek inside "Flatjack" Jack Meyer's amazing flathead Ford collection.
Mustang's third body style emerges.
Giving credit to the man who many consider the reason for the Corvette's long lasting success.
We've picked 11 classics, built between 1965 and 1998 that we feel offer a great blend of style, individuality, performance and some cases,...
Upgrading a 1966 Mustang's Baer system from two-piston PBR caliper to six-piston Baer caliper.
After a light refresh Roger Moore's "other" spy car is ready to take to the screen again.
After four decades of slumber one of Zagato's finest creations returns to the limelight.
We pick what we think are the five best Lamborghinis ever.
An excellent way to enjoy some of the finest engines Ford Motor Company ever produced.
If not for the Corvette Sebring Racer, the life of the Corvette may have been a brief one.
Watch as the experts from Steele Rubber Products show you how to replace these often forgotten but very important window seals.
Watch as the experts from Steele Rubber Products show you just how quick and easy it can be to remove and replace your trunk seal.
Watch as the experts from Steele Rubber Products show you how to replace the door seals on a Ford truck.
Watch as the experts from Steele Rubber Products show you how to remove and replace the often overlooked bumpers that keep your hood and...
Recreating a COPO Camaro
Something Old, Something New On Edelbrock's Hiboy
An American car...from Korea? Think of it from The Classics Perspective.
These post-war beauties helped define what an American car should be.
It isn't very often that an attraction exceeds expectations by leaps and bounds, but the NASCAR Hall of Fame does so at every turn.
Open wheel rodding at its finest!
Tulsa Raceway Park thundered with Ford power!
Some cars defy categories, so here is the rest of everything!
Editor Brian Medford takes a lap of Hallett Motor Racing Circuit in a bone stock 2013 Ford Focus ST.
These little details make a statement about an automotive that is era long gone.
Steel may be real, but this plastic is fantastic.
Here is a brief chance to see these machines sitting still.
AutoTrader.com Employees Show Off Their Rides!
Don't be fooled, it takes a lot of work to look this cool.
Our Editor Brian Medford picks his favorite cars of the show.
Big, round fenders set these rides apart from their skinny cousins.
These powerplants were too cool to be hidden under a hood.
Tulsa Raceway Park thundered with Ford power, a quarter mile at time!
These purpose built cars showcase the beauty of speed.
This plastic was fantastic in the Florida sun.
Fuller Hot Rods puts on the pressure to get their 2012 SEMA show car completed.
Classic cars invade downtown Atlanta.
AutoTrader Classics Editor Brian Medford travels to Streetside Classics in Powder Springs, GA to talk about what was unique about the 1969 Camaro RS/SS.
Just because an engine lives under the hood doesn't mean it can't be beautiful.
A record year with 11,795 cars made 2010 the biggest show ever!
There are always surprises when walking the show field, and these cars were guaranteed to draw stares.
A fitting finale for an amazing Ford filled event!
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AutoTrader Classics Editor Brian Medford travels to Streetside Classics in Powder Springs, GA to talk about a little bit of British history, the Mini.
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The New Mayor's Frenemies
The politics of Bill de Blasio's signature issues are about to get personal.
The politics of Bill de Blasio's signature issues are about to get personal.
Democrats' crushing win last night ends the aberrant Giuliani-Bloomberg era.
The billionaire mayor could fund his own hype.
Let's revisit this matter in 2025.
Bill de Blasio's promise may also be his problem.
Breakfasting with hedge-fund managers.
Who, between Joe Lhota and Bill de Blasio, is the uniter, and who's the divider? Depends on whom you ask.
He has redefined what it means to assemble a diverse coalition.
It could be one of the best indicators of whether there will be a runoff.
The mayor has harsh words for Bill de Blasio, rebuts the charge that he's in the tank for the wealthy, questions just how poor the poor really are, and considers (for the first time) what he might like named after him.
When the richest man in the city is also the one who runs it. An assessment of an extraordinary era.
Thompson and Quinn might want to bring out the big guns at tonight's debate.
There are at least six good reasons to question the size of that lead.
Why is it hard for so many New Yorkers to make up their minds about the next mayor?
Things are getting personal.
Maybe he's the perfect height to be mayor.
The race just got real.
With Anthony Weiner reeling, Christine Quinn is the front-runner again. But a vulnerable one.
Don't laugh—it's not impossible.
"Mayor De Blasio" still sounds weird.


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What does PHR mean in Airport Codes?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand PHR in the Regional field in general and in the Airport Codes terminology in particular.
Find a translation for PHR in other languages:
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Discuss this PHR abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"PHR." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/26800>.
PHR also stands for:
- Partnerships in Health Reform
- Payload Hazardous Report
- Pen Handprinting Recognition
- Performance Horse Registry
- Personal Health Record
... and 22 more »
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Bone, Fog, Ash & Star
by Catherine Egan
Introducing our new Fall titles! The conclusion to the Last Days of Tian Di trilogy. Read more...
Wilf Perreault: in the Alley/dans la ruelle
Dave Margoshes, ed.
Profile of a prominent prairie artist best known for his paintings of the humble back alley.
Herstory 2015
Saskatoon Women's Calendar Collective
Herstory 2015 will be the last ever! Make sure you get your copy. Read more...
Twist of the Blade
by Edward Willett
Introducing our Fall titles! Second in the Shards of Excalibur series.
New Awards
Clearwater wins the High Plains Book Award for Best Woman Writer
The Comic Book War is nominated for the 2015 OLA Forest of Reading Red Maple Award
Dollybird wins the Historical Fiction category of the WILLA Awards
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I tried to log into my account, MooKids, but apparently my password is wrong or has been changed and I forgot it. I tried the password recovery option for both the name and two email addresses I use that I'm sure I registered with but I keep getting a "[#10112] We could not find the member account for the name or email address you supplied. Please verify the information and resubmit the form" error.
Is there an error on my part or was my account banned?
Member Since 14 Feb 2013Offline Last Active Feb 25 2013 12:47 PM


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- List of properties
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30,000 sq ftWarehouse for sale Tir Llwyd Enterprise Park, Kinmel Bay, Rhyl, North Wales, LL18 5JA
Units B & C are situated on the Tir Llwyd Enterprise Park, CLOSE TO the A55T, wich provides a DUAL CARRIAGE WAY LINK between the port of Holyhead in the West and the M56/M53 to the East. Other occupiers on the park include: Prism Medical, DPD Logistics and Decantae. More details ›
- 4
- 0
0.8 acresLand for sale Llanrwst Road, Glan Conwy, LL28
The development site offered for sale comprises the former Fernwood Boatyard which extends to approximately 0.32 hectares (0.8 acres) and has the BENEFIT of a residential PLANNING CONSENT granted on the 10th June 2010. The planning consent is for 4 LARGE LUXURY dwellings all with an OPEN ASPECT. More details ›
- 4
- 0
Commercial property for sale High Street, Rhyl
• Good size Town Centre Shop • 840 sq ft Retail Sales Area • Rear Store • Upper Floors set out in offices • Benefits: STAIR LIFT AND PARKING FACILITY ... More details ›
Marketed by Prys Jones & Booth, Abergele. Call: 01745 606018 Local call rate
- 10
- 0
£995,000 Guide PriceGuide Price £995,000
leisure facility for sale Llyn Y GorsLlandegfan,Menai BridgeLL59
Llyn Y Gors is a well established and profitable mixed use leisure business including 7 fishing pools, 4 holiday cottages, long stay caravan site with 22 pitches, camping site with 8 touring pitches and 3 bedroom owners dwelling. More details ›
Marketed by Fenn Wright Rural & Fisheries, Stanway - Rural. Call: 01206 916034 Local call rate
- 1
- 0
1.5 acresLand for sale Llanfaes, LL58
Land for sale 1.5 acres with 2 log cabins already finished and 2 more to be completed. There are also 2 semi-detached large bungalows on the site. Guide price £885,000.Please call 0117 3730077 for further information. More details ›
Added on 31/08/2014 by Land Market, Bristol. Call: 0117 227 2003 Local call rate
- 14
- 0
Hotel for sale Penrhyndeudraeth, Gwynedd, North Wales
A country guest house with 8 en-suite bedrooms together with a 3 bedroomed owners accommodation enjoying private grounds amounting to some 9 acres within the heart of the Snowdonia National Park. Access to the property is by way of a private driveway. The letting bedrooms are located on the firs... More details ›
Marketed by Dafydd Hardy, Caernarfon. Call: 01286 510103 Local call rate
- 13
- 0
commercial property for sale Llanfrothen
A country guest house with 8 en-suite bedrooms together with a 3 bedroomed owners accommodation enjoying private grounds amounting to some 9 acres within the heart of the Snowdonia National Park More details ›
Marketed by Dafydd Hardy, Caernarfon. Call: 01286 510103 Local call rate
- 7
- 0
£775,000 Offers OverOffers Over £775,000
Land for sale Cefn Ddwysarn, Bala, Gwynedd
A charming five/six bedroom traditional farmhouse with a number of outbuildings located in a very secluded rural setting with large amount of acres of flat land available. (contd...) More details ›
Reduced on 02/08/2014 by Beresford Adams, Ruthin. Call: 01824 567000 Local call rate
- 20
- 0
Hotel for sale Talybont, Bangor, Gwynedd, North Wales
An exciting opportunity to purchase a freehold hotel, public house and restaurant located against the backdrop of the Snowdonia mountains, in a peaceful and rural location only two miles from Bangor city centre. More details ›
Marketed by Dafydd Hardy, Caernarfon. Call: 01286 510103 Local call rate
- 5
- 0
Hotel for sale Llanycil,LL23
COUNTRY HOUSE OR EXCEPTIONAL 3 LETTING ROOM GUEST HOUSE - NORTH WALESSituated in the picturesque village of LlanycilEarly viewing is essential to fully appreciateTwo bedroom owners' accommodationWell appointed & presented throughoutAdvised annual turnover of £11,000 More details ›
Marketed by Meridian Business Sales Ltd, Bolton. Call: 0845 222 0508 Call rates may vary


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Rights issues
Outsourcing company that runs railways, prisons and GPs out-of-hours services plans to tap shareholders for £550m amid £1.5bn writedown
Judge says Marvin Gaye's family 'made a sufficient showing that elements of Blurred Lines may be substantially similar to protected, original elements of Got to Give It Up'
New chief executive, Mark Newton-Jones, commits own money into the business, insisting chain has a future in UK
Latin pop star Pablo Ruiz may sue the Australian band after a website made comments about similarity of Feels Like We Only Go Backwards to his 1989 track Océano
Actor sued Toywatch USA two years ago after it began promoting a 'white watch worn by Bullock in The Blind Side'
Co-op Group, which owns just 30% of the bank, would need to put in more than £100m if it wanted to take part in the fundraising
Screenwriter Timothy Patrick McLanahan claims unfilmed 1998 script was used as basis for 2011 blockbuster Ghost Protocol
Singer abandons legal action against alleged bootleggers – and releases teaser for new track PRETZELBODYLOGIC
Gaye's children take legal action against singer of Blurred Lines, alleging similarities between song and 1977 hit Got to Give It Up
Luis J Rodriguez: I faced death threats, including having razor blades to my neck. I was in a cell next to Charles Manson. Yet I stood up for myself
Barclays asking shareholders to support rights issue as Bank of England shows the bank's finances are in a worse state than previously thought
Move would indicate bank's chief executive, Antony Jenkins, is capitulating to pressure from Bank of England
Pope Francis preached social justice in Brazil and said today that women should not be limited to roles as altar girls and that homosexuals should not be judged. Has Pope Francis changed your view of the church?
Spat over film's title rights escalates as Harvey Weinstein accuses Warner Bros of bullying on morning TV
Sarah-Jane Stratford: In season 6, the women of Mad Men break into the liberation movement. It's refreshing – and about time
Attempt to secure domain for merchandise around new Pixar 'Dia de los Muertos' film met with online protests
Dan Gillmor: Corporations and lawmakers have put us on course for a world where consumers do not own the things they buy
Lawsuit alleges Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit merchandising infringes copyright and upsets fans
Shares close up nearly 10% but shareholders call for boardroom changes to avoid future strikes and violence
Market Forces blog Analysts unimpressed with Ocado and FTSE boosted by positive US fiscal cliff talks
Ocado shares jump more than 20% on placing but analysts believe business model still flawed, while Lonmin's rights issue call is put to shareholder meeting -
Saul Zaentz submits legal complaint against The Asylum for attempting 'to divert customers away from the Hobbit films'
Faulkner Literary Rights LLC claims Sony did not seek permission to quote snippet in Woody Allen's hit comedy


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How should my husband and I handle discipline disagreements?
When I need a break, I turn the kids over to Daddy for a little while. Our daughter can be a handful, and he sometimes deals with this by spanking her. I'd rather he use time-outs, but I don't want to criticize him when he's supposed to be in charge. After all, she's his daughter, too -- shouldn't he have some say in how she's disciplined? How should I deal with this?
Posted: 04/30/2004 by a BabyCenter Member
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It is very important for parents to agree to a discipline method. I feel that if we use different methods it confuses my daughter. so me and hubby sat down to make out house rules one day, we both came to an agreement to use time out. It took a lot of discussing different options but, we finally came to that conclusion. we are young parents but if 20 year old kids can do it and stick to it, any one can! Be strongposted 01/19/2011 by Frances Cisneros
This post baby is lively very much, the same with my baby. My baby does not stay with touching every moment. The only quiet time is when VeryMaids company?s domestic helper tought him to draw pictures, VeryMaids? ecd experts said babies can be guided very well in a pleasant atmosphere like drawing pictures and playing games. Baby draws seriously. I book VeryMaids? branding babysitter x-suite, a six-person team will provide a dream service in which four experts will make a suitable plan together for the me and the coordinator will monitor. The six-person team will also let my children enjoy the best services in this field. I like VeryMaids.posted 01/17/2011 by a BabyCenter Member
This post baby is lively very much, the same with my baby. My baby does not stay with touching every moment. The only quiet time is when VeryMaids company?s domestic helper tought him to draw pictures, VeryMaids? ecd experts said babies can be guided very well in a pleasant atmosphere like drawing pictures and playing games. Baby draws seriously. I book VeryMaids? branding babysitter x-suite, a six-person team will provide a dream service in which four experts will make a suitable plan together for the me and the coordinator will monitor. The six-person team will also let my children enjoy the best services in this field. I like VeryMaids.posted 01/17/2011 by wanglixue51
As a child who's parent crossed the healthy spanking boundry on more than 1 occasion, I vowed not to spank my children. And then I had children! I believe consistency is the key in dicipline. I use timeouts & urge my husband to do the same, despite his 'they need a spanking' urgings. I FELT that spankings promote violence & the only person who 'benefits' is the parent by getting out their aggression. I've come to realize that the spanking may work well for some people--it just isnt healhty for ME. Some people can separate their anger or frustration from the act & that is important. Also important is the explanation to the child that follow ANY kind of punishment. Questioning the child why they did it, what they were feeling, why its wrong, etc. United front is also important, as kids need to see parents are a team! Discussions about the kids should be kept private & out of earshot of the kids.. Love to keep learning as I go though & getting feedback :-)posted 01/17/2011 by megaroobis
I do believe I would let him go alone with the kids on whatever "adventure" has been decided upon. Once he finally has enough of that, maybe he will be more of a parenting PARTNER instead of trying to be the children's best friend.posted 12/30/2010 by a BabyCenter Member
Hallelujah to the last comment on here!posted 12/26/2010 by a BabyCenter Member
Our daughter is a handful too however my husband and I felt the best option for discipline was to talk about what we feel comfortable with. His dad liked to yell while his mom was "the good guy"and my mom (single mother) was very strict. Our daughter cannot stand to be in time out and we have found that as an effective way to discipline her even though I do want to point out that it works really well to just distract her with something else. I use time out when she needs it, not an every day occurrence. The best advice I can give is to talk to your husband, when neither of you are upset, and compromise. You have to find something that both of you are comfortable with and lets her enjoy the time spent with Daddy.posted 08/21/2010 by a BabyCenter Member
This is such a hard topic for me. As a child my parents used spanking (and worse) as punishment. I don't think I have ever forgiven them. This may be because it was usually used out of anger and frustration, never strictly as a punishment to teach a lesson. It was purely their anger taking over. I have only ever smacked my daughter on the hand once (she is 2 1/2) when she picked up cat litter off the floor and ate it (EEEEWWWW). I told her no in a stern tone and smacked her hand and the horrified look and quivering chin was all it took for me to never want to lay a hand on her again. I saw my whole childhood before my eyes and decided I do not want that for her or her sister. My husband and I are in agreement that we don't want to spank or hit, but now we run into how else do we discipline and have a hard time agreeing on that! I think we both need to research a little more and talk it out!posted 07/28/2010 by a BabyCenter Member
i hear you! may be you could sign up for parenting classes with him. its like saying it nice is you know.... ah honey i sign up for this class and i think we both can learn something from it.. or see a counselor to guide you both how can both deal with the right dicipline. i know mainly this classes are for your husband but by both of you signin up he is not going to take it too personal.posted 07/17/2010 by rocio6
Setting boundaries and teaching your children how to follow rules is one thing, spanking is a whole other matter. I am appalled after reading all these posts by parents who are out there raising children, and sad that so many children have to grow up with people who believe spanking is ok. It is NOT! No matter how much you try to justify this it is NOT ok. I was never physically abused or spanked as a child. My mother was very caring, loving, and she did a great job setting boundaries. I must have driven her mad many times but she managed just like many other parents around the world. If you were spanked or abused as a child, you MUST find a way of breaking those patterns now that you have become a parent yourself. Your job is to provide your child with love and discipline, not to use physical force against them! We live in the 21st century!I'm from Sweden, one of the leading countries in pediatrics and child development, and there IT IS NOT OK TO SPANK! A spank will throw you in jailposted 07/01/2010 by Antoli
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Ever since moving to a new barn, my horse has developed an extreme attchment to the other horses and has a completely different personality. He has become pushy and difficult to work with. Should I move him back home?
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This page contains Dragon Quest 9: Sentinels Of The Starry Skies Hints for Nintendo DS called "DQVC - Wi-Fi Shop" and has been posted or updated on Jul 15, 2010 by GTGirl. Let us know what you think of this Hint by thumbs voting.
- Developer: Level 5
- Publisher: Nintendo
- Genre: Role-Playing Console-style RPG
- Release Date: Jul 11, 2010
- ESRB: Everyone 10+
DQVC - Wi-Fi Shop
The DQVC is a pretty amazing mode in Dragon Quest IX; it lets you download a list of special items, usually rare or unobtainable any other way, with always very good prices, but also, New Quests and Dungeons! Note that the dungeons and some side-quests are real new data compared to the items which are already included in the game's code, waiting to be "released." So, to get access to this fantastic feature, Simply complete the whole Coffinwell-related story, go back to Quester's Rest in Stornwell, and talk to the lady next to the Alchemy Pot. Her name is Sellma, and she's the one responsible for the DQVC. Note: You can only download new stuff once per day, but you get access to the shop at any time within that same day. New downloadables are available everyday starting at 8 a.m.
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Stuck on this game? Set a specific, clearly defined question and let others answer your question or view answers to previously asked questions. If you think you are an Dragon Quest 9: Sentinels Of The Starry Skies expert then please try to help others with their questions.
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- Tortuga
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This property allows you to book online with a credit card. After submitting a reservation request, the owner or manager has 24 hours to accept, at which time your card will be charged and you will receive an email confirmation
Recent Siesta Key reviews
"It does not get more on the beach than this! We enjoyed a great week. After a week in Orlando we were looking for a beach side retreat. This was perfect. The location of the property is superb - firstly its right on the beach. We enjoyed this element in every way. Great to get up, make coffee and see the first of the early walkers on the beach by 6am! Great to not have to drive to the beach - we brought many beach items with us, but Ron also kindly provides an array of chairs, parasols, kids toys, kites etc. so superb to just pick up our beach kit and walk straight out. It was also great to enjoy the beach for a couple of hours in the morning, then head back to the house for lunch still enjoyng the beach view then head back down in the afternoon. Finally, at the end of the day we'd BBQ on the beautiful deck which runs the entire rear of the home again overlooking the beach. The beach was peaceful, not at all crowded. The sand is amazing and the gulf was so warm. We built sandcastles and fished. The other benefit of the location is its proximity to Siesta Key Village - the village is perfect in size with a great mix of coffee shops and restaurants - just a few mins walk from the house. Highly recommend the property - we'e taken great memories from it. Comms from Ron were great. The Portlock Family, ENGLAND"
"Just came back from a week at this Cottage. It was a great place to stay and relax for the week. My Husband and I loved it! We walked to the beach several times a day (5-10 minutes) Nice chance to talk with neighbors. The place was very comfortable and they thought of all the needs including beach chairs, cooler, etc... Loved the pool! The neighborhood was great. We rented bikes from the place around the corner We had dinner the last night at the restaurant (excellent fish taco, really friendly staff!) up the street and then walked over to have ice cream at the ice cream store . If you are looking for a place that is not a large condo building than you will love it here Stress Free!!!!!"
"My wife and daughter (toddler) stayed during the first week of September. The condo was large, and decorated above expectations. Large master suite, walk in closet and ensuite. Huge lunai! Great place to watch evening thunderstorms and sunsets. Close proximity to beach. Either a 15 min walk to creasant beach or 5 miin drive to Siesta Public Beach. Amazing Beach! We will definitely rebook year after year!"
Siesta Key Travel Tips
When you take a vacation to Siesta Key, Fla., you'll find people who enjoy an active lifestyle. From artists and writers to outdoor sports enthusiasts, there's much to do on this barrier island. At 8 miles long, you'll find some of the world's best white sand beaches, shopping and dining that will make you want to extend your vacation into a lifelong stay.
This little island of paradise is perfect for a romantic getaway or a family vacation. The clear waters will inspire you and the one-of-a-kind attractions are what you always imagined an island escape would be.
Must-see Attractions in Siesta Key
Beaches: When you go to Siesta Key, it'll be hard not to find yourself at Siesta Key Beach. The fine white sand is perfect for a day of fun in the sun and the water is even better for activities like surfing, wakeboarding and boating. This beach is one of the most beautiful in the country, so you certainly don't want to skip it. There are several other beaches on the island as well, including Nokomis Public Beach, North Jetty Park Beach, Whitney Beach, Palma Sola South and North, Englewood Mid Beach and Palm Island North.
Beach rides: If you've always wanted to take a cruise along the beach, Siesta Key is the place to do it. There are several local companies that offer rides to visitors and guests, and they will guide you along the shores in covered golf carts to give you some of the best views you can find.
Point of Rocks: You haven't seen anything until you visit Point of Rocks. This beach is a rare geologic feature that's perfect for bird watching and marine wildlife viewing. On top of that, there's a scenic beach nearby for you to watch the sunset and enjoy the scenery. Fishermen will love Point of Rocks as they cast out their lines and try to snag a bite.
Outdoor activities: There's a reason many of Siesta Key's residents enjoy outdoor activities - there's so much to do! Whether it's getting a tan on the beach or dipping your toes in the water, a relaxed lifestyle is what it's all about. Guests can go fishing along one of the many piers, including the Englewood Ken Thompson Park Pier and the New Pass Pier. You can even watch a game of cricket and learn more about this English pastime with a visit to the Sarasota International Cricket Club's grounds. During the summer months, visitors can check out free concerts in the park to hear a number of musical performances and get down. You can also go wind surfing, jet or water skiing, boating and snorkeling if you want to get up close and personal with the water and take on a more daring adventure.
Shopping and Dining in Siesta Key
Shopping: There's plenty of shopping to be done in Siesta Key and the surrounding areas. The island is just a short drive from Sarasota, which has the sophistication of a big city but remains full of small-town charm. If you want to stay on the island, there are a number of shops at Siesta Village, which is located at the north end of Siesta Key and just a short distance from Crescent and Siesta beaches. You can also find more than 100 shops, boutiques, galleries and sidewalk cafes at St. Armand's Circle along Main Street and Palm Avenue in Sarasota. If you want, get up on a Saturday morning and head to Sarasota for the farmers market on Main and Lemon streets downtown. Aside from the fresh food and handmade goods, you'll also find goodies for your pet.
Dining in Siesta Key: If you want to take in views of the water while dining, head to Marina Jack's on Sarasota's bayfront. There's also O'Leary's Tiki Bar at Centennial Park along Sarasota Bay which is a great place for travelers who want to enjoy a good vibe and socialize. You'll find plenty of places to choose from in downtown Sarasota along Main Street. There are eateries and bars, including Mattison's City Grill as well as Divino Restaurant, where you will find tasty food and impressive live entertainment.


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!Submitted by It's about time! (not verified) on Mon, 03/29/2010 - 7:26am.
Congrats Channel 3 for the accolades and well deserved recognition! Maybe corporate will loosen up their tight purse strings and show some appreciation with a pay raise! Don't let that inferior other channel steal anymore of your best employees! »
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When You Learn Why These Stairs Look Like a Puppy Amusement Park, You'll Be Moved. Awww!
Hank's age has made it hard for him to get up and down the stairs. So his humans created something very special for him. And it is adorable!
You may like...
I Just Want To Squeal When I See This Happy Pup. I Bet This Is Her Version of Puppy Heaven! LOL


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been talking to the guys at perrin. im lucky enough to live like an hour and a half away from em so ill go pick stuff up and save shipping! nice guys super fast responses to my questions and all around great customer service experience so far. im pretty excited |
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Multiple versions of the same application activated in SVS but only one will launch
Article:HOWTO4425 | | | Created: 2005-09-21 | | | Updated: 2006-10-03 | | | Article URL http://www.symantec.com/docs/HOWTO4425 |
When running multiple versions of a product from layers, only one version is accessible.
Software Virtualization Solution (SVS)
When a file with the same name and in the same directory exists in multiple layers, only one copy of the file will be visible to the user and the system. This will be the copy contained in the layer with the highest priority or, if the priority is the same, is usually the first layer to be activated.
There are three workarounds:
- Create layers for similar products installed into version specific directories, instead of the same directory.
- Create and include a bootstrap .EXE.
- Use shell applications using SVSCmd via CMD.exe or WSH.Shell.
Legacy ID
Article URL http://www.symantec.com/docs/HOWTO4425
Terms of use for this information are found in Legal Notices