text:
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Leo Frank | |
Leo Frank | |
Born | Leo Max Frank April 17, 1884 Cuero, Texas |
Died | August 17, 1915 Marietta, Georgia | (aged 31)
Cause of death | Lynching |
Resting place | New Mount Carmel Cemetery, Glendale, Queens, New York 40°41′34″N 73°52′52″W / 40.69269°N 73.88115°WCoordinates: 40°41′34″N 73°52′52″W / 40.69269°N 73.88115°W |
Monuments | ADL monument 90th anniversary of founding, October 20, 2003, Mount Carmel Cemetery; Georgia historical marker, lynching site, 1200 Roswell Street, Marietta, GA 30060 |
Residence | Atlanta, Georgia |
Nationality | American |
Education | Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering (1906),[1] pencil manufacturing apprenticeship (1907) |
Alma mater | Cornell University |
Employer | National Pencil Company in Atlanta |
Religion | Judaism |
Criminal charge | Convicted on August 25, 1913, for the murder of Mary Phagan. |
Criminal penalty | Sentenced on August 26, 1913, to hang. Commuted to life in prison on June 21, 1915. |
Spouse(s) | Lucille Selig |
Parents | Rudolph Frank and Rachel (Ray) Jacobs |
Relatives | Marian J. Stern (sister), Moses Frank (uncle) |
Leo Frank | |
Leo Frank | |
Born | Leo Max Frank April 17, 1884 Cuero, Texas |
Died | August 17, 1915 Marietta, Georgia | (aged 31)
Cause of death | Lynching |
Resting place | New Mount Carmel Cemetery, Glendale, Queens, New York 40°41′34″N 73°52′52″W / 40.69269°N 73.88115°WCoordinates: 40°41′34″N 73°52′52″W / 40.69269°N 73.88115°W |
Monuments | ADL monument 90th anniversary of founding, October 20, 2003, Mount Carmel Cemetery; Georgia historical marker, lynching site, 1200 Roswell Street, Marietta, GA 30060 |
Residence | Atlanta, Georgia |
Nationality | American |
Education | Bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering (1906),[1] pencil manufacturing apprenticeship (1907) |
Alma mater | Cornell University |
Employer | National Pencil Company in Atlanta |
Religion | Judaism |
Criminal charge | Convicted on August 25, 1913, for the murder of Mary Phagan. |
Criminal penalty | Sentenced on August 26, 1913, to hang. Commuted to life in prison on June 21, 1915. |
Spouse(s) | Lucille Selig |
Parents | Rudolph Frank and Rachel (Ray) Jacobs |
Relatives | Marian J. Stern (sister), Moses Frank (uncle) |
Leo Max Frank (April 17, 1884 – August 17, 1915) was a Jewish-American factory superintendent whose murder conviction and extrajudicial hanging in 1915 by a lynch mob planned and led by prominent citizens in Marietta, Georgia, drew attention to questions of antisemitism in the United States.[2] He was posthumously pardoned in 1986 which the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles stated was "in an effort to heal old wounds," without addressing the question of guilt or innocence.[3]
An engineer and superintendent of the National Pencil Company in Atlanta, Frank was convicted on August 25, 1913, of the murder of one of his factory workers, 13-year-old Mary Phagan. She had been strangled on April 26 and was found dead in the factory cellar the next morning. Frank was the last person known to have seen her alive, and there were allegations that he had flirted with her before. His trial became the focus of powerful class, regional, and political interests. Raised in New York, he was cast as a representative of Yankee capitalism, a rich northern Jew lording it over vulnerable working women, as the historian Albert Lindemann put it. Former U.S. Representative Thomas E. Watson later used sensational coverage of the appeal process, one year after the trial, in his own publications, calling Frank a member of the Jewish aristocracy who had pursued "Our Little Girl" to a hideous death. During the trial, Frank and his lawyers resorted to stereotypes, accusing another suspect — Jim Conley, a black factory worker who testified against Frank — of being especially disposed to lying and murdering because of his race.[4]
There was jubilation in the streets when Frank was convicted and sentenced to death. By June 1915, his appeals had failed. Governor John M. Slaton, stating there may have been a miscarriage of justice, commuted the sentence to life imprisonment, to great local outrage. A crowd of 1,200 marched on his home in protest. Two months later, Frank was kidnapped from prison by a group of 25 armed men who called themselves "Knights of Mary Phagan". Frank was driven 170 miles to Frey's Gin, near Phagan's home in Marietta, and lynched. A crowd gathered after the hanging; one man repeatedly stomped on Frank's face, while others took photographs, pieces of his nightshirt, and bits of the rope to sell as souvenirs.[5]
On March 11, 1986, the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles granted Frank a pardon, citing the state's failure to protect him or prosecute his killers. The names of Frank's murderers were well-known locally but were not made public until January 2000, when Stephen Goldfarb, an Atlanta librarian and former history professor, published the Phagan-Kean list[6] on his website. The Washington Post noted that the list includes several prominent citizens — a former governor, the son of a senator, a Methodist minister, a state legislator, and a former state Superior Court judge — their names matching those on Marietta's street signs, office buildings, shopping centers, and law offices today.[7]
Frank was born in Cuero, Texas, to Rudolph (November 5, 1844 – January 22, 1922) and Rachel Jacobs Frank (April 16, 1859 – January 1, 1925). The family moved to Brooklyn, New York, in 1884, when Frank was three months old. He attended New York City public schools and graduated from Pratt Institute in 1902. He then attended Cornell University, where he studied mechanical engineering. After graduation in 1906, Frank worked briefly as a draftsman and as a testing engineer, before accepting a position with a firm owned by a relative.
At the invitation of his uncle, Frank traveled to Atlanta for two weeks in late October 1907 to interview for a position with the National Pencil Company, a manufacturing plant in which the uncle was a major shareholder. Frank accepted the position, and traveled to Germany to study pencil manufacturing at Eberhard Faber in Bavaria. After a nine-month apprenticeship, Frank returned to the United States and began working at the National Pencil Company in August 1908.[8] Leo Frank became superintendent of the factory in September 1908.
Frank was introduced to Lucille Selig (February 29, 1888 – April 23, 1957) shortly after he arrived in Atlanta. She came from a prominent and upper middle class Jewish family of industrialists who two generations earlier had founded the first synagogue in Atlanta.[9] Though she was very different from Frank, and laughed at the idea of speaking Yiddish, they were married in November 1910, at the Selig residence in Atlanta.[10]
Frank was elected president of the Atlanta chapter of the B'nai B'rith, a Jewish fraternal organization, in 1912.[11] The Jewish community in Atlanta was the largest in the South, and the Franks moved in a cultured and philanthropic milieu whose leisure pursuits included opera and bridge.[12][13] Although Frank was happy, he was not popular. He was a Yankee and an industrialist. Alphin writes that although the Old South was not known for its antisemitism, his being a Jew was enough to add to the sense that he was different.[14]
Mary Phagan (June 1, 1899 – April 26, 1913) was born in Florence, Alabama, four months after her father William Joshua Phagan died of measles. She was born into a family of tenant farmers who had farmed in Alabama and Georgia for generations. After her father died, Phagan's mother moved her family to East Point, Georgia, where she opened a boarding house. The children took jobs in the local mills. Phagan left school at the age of 10 to work part-time in a textile mill. In 1911, a paper manufacturing plant owned by Sigmund Montag, treasurer of the National Pencil Company, hired her. In 1912, her mother, Frances Phagan, married John William Coleman, and she and the children moved into the city. Phagan took a job with the National Pencil Company in the spring of 1912, where she ran a knurling machine that inserted rubber erasers into pencils' metal bands.[15] Alphin writes that wages were low for everyone — 10 to 15 cents an hour, one-third of the average wage in the North, and most of the production-line workers were teenagers, an issue that fueled resentment against the factory owners. Mary Phagan earned $4.05 per week or 7 and 4/11 cents an hour, for 55 hours.[16] Leo Frank earned $180 per month, plus a portion of the profits.[17] At the time, industrialists were regularly attacked in print by The Atlanta Georgian.[18]
Phagan worked in the metal room on the second floor of the factory in a section called the tipping department, down the hall from Frank's office. Phagan had been laid off on April 21 due to a shortage of brass sheet metal. About noon on April 26, she went to the factory to claim her pay of $1.20. At about 3:17 a.m. on April 27, the factory's night watchman, Newt Lee, went to the factory basement to use the "Colored" toilet.[19][20] Lee said he discovered the body of a dead girl and called the police, meeting them at the front door and leading them to the body. Mary Phagan's body was found dumped in the rear of the basement near an incinerator. Her dress was hiked up around her waist and a strip from her petticoat was torn off and wrapped around her neck. Her face was blackened and scratched. Her head was bruised and battered. A seven-foot strip of quarter-inch wrapping cord tied into a loop was around her neck buried a quarter inch deep. Initially, there was an appearance of rape. Based on the ashes and dirt from the floor that were stuck to her skin, it appeared that she and her assailant had struggled in the basement.[21][22]
A service ramp at the rear of the basement led to a sliding door that opened into the alley; the police found it had been tampered with so it could be opened without unlocking it. Later examination found bloody fingerprints on the door, as well as a metal pipe that had been used as a crowbar.[23] Some evidence at the crime scene was improperly handled by the police investigators. The boards from the door with the bloody prints were removed and subsequently lost before any analysis could be done. Bloody fingerprints were found on the victim's jacket, but there is no indication that they were ever analyzed.[24] A trail in the dirt along which police believed Phagan had been dragged was trampled and no footprints were ever identified.[25]
Two notes were found in a pile of rubbish by Phagan's head, and became known as the "murder notes". One said: "he said he wood love me land down play like the night witch did it but that long tall black negro did boy his slef." The other said, "mam that negro hire down here did this i went to make water and he push me down that hole a long tall negro black that hoo it wase long sleam tall negro i write while play with me." The effect of the discovery was to cast suspicion on Newt Lee. During the trial, "night witch" was interpreted to mean "night watch[man]"; when the notes were read, night watchman Newt Lee said, "Boss, it looks like they are trying to lay it on me" (or words to that effect).[26][27] An undisturbed fresh mound of human excrement was found at the bottom of the elevator shaft, though the significance was not recognized until after the trial during the Leo M. Frank clemency hearings of 1915.[25]
On April 27, Frank said that Lee's time card was complete. It was supposed to be punched every half hour during the watchman's rounds. On April 28, Frank said Lee had not punched the card at three or four intervals. The police investigated a variety of suspects, and arrested both Lee and a young friend of Phagan's for the crime. Gradually they became convinced that they were not the culprits. A detective sneaked into Lee's apartment and found a blood-smeared shirt at the bottom of a burn barrel. The blood was smeared high up on the armpits and the shirt smelled unused. The prosecution later claimed that the shirt had been planted by Frank in order to incriminate Lee. The Atlanta Constitution broke the story of the murder and was soon in a frenzied competition with the Georgian for readers. The latter was a formerly sedate local paper bought by the William Randolph Hearst syndicate in 1912[28] and revamped using his standard formula of yellow journalism. As many as 40 extra editions came out the day Phagan's murder was reported. The Georgian published a doctored morgue photo of Phagan, in which her head was shown spliced onto the body of another girl. Some evidence went missing when it was 'borrowed' from the police by reporters. The two papers offered a total of $1,800 in reward money for information leading to the apprehension of the murderer.[29]
Newt Lee claimed he tried to call Leo Frank for eight minutes after the discovery of Phagan. The police later noted that Frank had not answered the phone when they called his house at 4 am, and that he seemed nervous when they took him to the undertaker at P. J. Bloomfield's Mortuary and to the factory. They considered his detailed answers on minor points as suspect and noted his trembling. Frank pointed out at the trial that the police had refused to tell him the nature of their investigation. Phagan's friend, 13-year-old pencil factory worker George Epps, came forward to say that Frank had flirted with Phagan and had frightened her.[30]
The police appeared to intimidate and influence witnesses, such as the Seligs' cook Magnolia "Minola" McKnight, and Nina Formby, the madam of a bordello. They both recanted statements made to the police, Formby indicating the police had "plied her with whisky".[31] Frank hired two Pinkerton detectives, along with agents from the Burns detective agency, to help him prove his innocence, although all later "publicly expressed their confidence that Frank was guilty beyond any question."[32] Though Frank produced alibis for the entire time during which the crime could have been committed, suspicion was aroused by his waiting a week to bring forward one crucial witness, Lemmie Quinn. Gradually, however, the Georgian began to take Frank's side, responding to pressure from Atlanta's Jewish community. Meanwhile, the Constitution continued to criticize the police for their lack of progress.[33]
Jim Conley, the factory's janitor, is believed by some historians to be the real murderer.[34] On May 1, the police arrested Conley after he was seen by the plant's day watchman, E. F. Holloway, washing a dirty blue work shirt. Conley tried to hide the shirt, then said the stains were rust from the overhead pipe on which he had hung it. Detectives examined it for blood, found none, and returned it. Conley was still in police custody two weeks later when he gave his first formal statement. He said that, on the day of the murder, he had been visiting saloons, shooting dice, and drinking at home. He offered some details, such as 40 cents spent on a bottle of rye, 90 cents won at dice, and 15 cents for beer, twice.[35] His story was called into question when a witness told detectives that "a black negro . . . dressed in dark blue clothing and hat" had been seen in the lobby of the factory on the day of the murder. Further investigation also determined that Conley could read and write, something he had initially denied.[36]
After initially sticking to his claim that he could not write, he was threatened with perjury charges, and eventually told police, "White folks, I'm a liar." He was asked to write portions of the murder notes, and although the police found similarities in the spelling, he continued to deny having written them. The interview ended and Conley was placed in a basement isolation cell. A week later, on May 24, he called for a detective and admitted he had written the notes. In a sworn statement, he said Frank had called him to his office the day before the murder; he claimed Frank said he had some wealthy people in Brooklyn, and asked: "Why should I hang?"[37]
[H]e asked me could I write and I told him yes I could write a little bit, and he gave me a scratch pad and ... told me to put on there "dear mother, a long, tall, black negro did this by himself," and he told me to write it two or three times on there. I wrote it on a white scratch pad, single ruled. He went to his desk and pulled out another scratch pad, a brownish looking scratch pad, and looked at my writing and wrote on that himself.[38]
After testing Conley again on his spelling—he spelled "night watchman" as "night witch"—the police were convinced he had written the notes. They were skeptical about the rest of his story, not only because it implied premeditation by Frank, but also because it suggested that Frank had confessed to Conley and involved him. For the next three days, two detectives played good cop/bad cop with Conley, one accusing him of the murder, the other offering him food and consolation.[39]
On May 28, the Georgian said that E.F. Holloway, the plant day watchman, believed Conley had strangled Phagan when he was drunk.[39] In a new affidavit (his second affidavit and third statement), Conley admitted he had lied about his Friday meeting with Frank. He said he had met Frank on the street on Saturday, and was told to follow him to the factory. Frank told him to hide in a wardrobe to avoid being seen by two women who were visiting Frank in his office. He said Frank dictated the murder notes for him to write, gave him cigarettes, and told him to leave the factory. Afterward, Conley said he went out drinking and saw a movie. He said he did not learn of the murder until he went to work on Monday.
The police were satisfied with the new story, and both The Atlanta Journal and the Georgian gave the story front-page coverage. Three officials of the pencil company were not convinced and said so to the Journal. They contended Conley had followed another employee into the building intending to rob her, but instead found Phagan was a more ready target.[41] The police placed little credence in the employees' theory, but had no explanation for the failure to locate the purse (that other witnessed had testified she carried that day),[42] and were concerned that Conley had made no mention that he was aware that a crime had been committed when he wrote the notes. To resolve their doubts, the police attempted on May 28 to arrange a confrontation between Frank and Conley. Frank exercised his right not to meet without his attorney, who was out of town. The police announced this refusal was an indication of Frank's guilt, and the meeting never took place.[43]
On May 29, Conley was interviewed for four hours.[44] His new affidavit said that Frank told him, "he had picked up a girl back there and let her fall and that her head hit against something." Conley said he and Frank took the body to the basement via the elevator, then returned to Frank's office where the murder notes were dictated. Conley then hid in the wardrobe after the two had returned to the office. He said Frank gave him two hundred dollars, but took it back, saying, "Let me have that and I will make it all right with you Monday if I live and nothing happens." Conley's affidavit concluded, "The reason I have not told this before is I thought Mr. Frank would get out and help me out and I decided to tell the whole truth about this matter."[45] At trial, Conley changed his story concerning the $200. He said the money was withheld until Conley had burned Phagan's body in the basement furnace.[46]
The Georgian hired William Manning Smith to represent Conley for $40. Smith was known for specializing in representing black clients, and had successfully defended a black man against an accusation of rape by a white woman. He had also taken an elderly black woman's civil case as far as the Georgia Supreme Court. Although Smith believed Conley had told the truth in his final affidavit, he became concerned that Conley was giving long jailhouse interviews with crowds of reporters. Smith was also concerned about reporters from the Hearst papers, who had taken Frank's side. He arranged for Conley to be moved to a different jail, and severed his own relationship with the Georgian.[47]
In 1913, shortly after Leo Frank's arrest, Frank's family approached Thomas E. Watson with the offer of a substantial fee, in return for taking on Frank's legal defense. Watson, who opposed the death penalty, "enjoyed a formidable reputation" as a defense attorney in capital cases, but he declined the offer.[48] On May 24, 1913, a murder indictment was returned against Frank by a grand jury. The grand jury included five Jews. Historian Albert Lindemann suggests, "they were persuaded by the concrete evidence that [prosecutor] Dorsey presented."[17] Lindemann notes that none of Conley's testimony was presented to the grand jury and that at criminal trial, Dorsey "explicitly denounced racial anti-Semitism" and "indulged in ... philo-Semitic rhetoric."[17]
The trial began on July 28 at the Fulton County Superior Court (old city hall building). The courtroom was on the first floor and the windows were left open because of the heat. In addition to the hundreds of spectators inside, a large crowd gathered outside to watch the trial through the windows. Afterward the defense cited the crowds as factors in intimidation of the witnesses and jury in their legal appeals.[49] The State's prosecution team was made up of the Solicitor General Hugh M. Dorsey, Assistant Solicitor General Frank Arthur Hooper and E. A. Stevens. Frank was represented by eight lawyers (some of them jury selection specialists), led by Luther Z. Rosser. The defense used peremptory challenges to eliminate the only two black jurors. The prosecution case was that Conley's last affidavit was true, Frank was the murderer, and the murder notes had been dictated by Frank in an effort to pin the crime on Lee. The defense case was that Conley was the murderer, he wrote the notes alone, and his evidence was a fabrication.[50] The defense brought numerous witnesses who attested to Frank's alibi, which did not leave him enough time to have committed the crime.[51]
Conley reiterated his testimony from his final affidavit. He added to it by describing Frank as regularly having sex with women in his upstairs office on Saturdays while Conley kept a lookout on the first floor lobby, and also claimed that he had seen Frank performing cunnilingus on female employees.[52] Another witness, C. Brutus Dalton who, like Conley, had a criminal record, corroborated Conley. Although Conley admitted that he had changed his story and lied repeatedly, this did not damage the prosecution's case as much as might have been expected, as he admitted to being an accessory.
Many white observers did not believe that a black man could have been intelligent enough to make up such a complicated story. The Georgian wrote on 29 May, "Many people are arguing to themselves that the Negro, no matter how hard he tried or how generously he was coached, still never could have framed up a story like the one he told unless there was some foundation in fact."[53] Defense witnesses testified that there were too many people in the factory on Saturdays for Frank to have had trysts there. They pointed out that the windows of Frank's second-floor office lacked curtains. Though numerous girls testified to Frank having a bad character for lasciviousness, a larger number of female factory workers testified for the defense of Frank's good character when it came to women.[54]
Frank spoke on his own behalf, making an unsworn statement as allowed by Georgia law; it did not permit any cross-examination without his consent, and none occurred.[55] Most of his four-hour speech consisted of a detailed analysis of the accounting work he had done the day of the murder.[56] He ended with a description of how he viewed the crime, along with an explanation of his nervousness: "Gentlemen, I was nervous. I was completely unstrung. Imagine yourself called from sound slumber in the early hours of the morning ... To see that little girl on the dawn of womanhood so cruelly murdered—it was a scene that would have melted stone."[57] In its closing statements, the defense attempted to divert suspicion from Frank to Conley. Lead defense attorney Luther Rosser, said to the jury: "Who is Conley? He is a dirty, filthy, black, drunken, lying, nigger."[58] Frank had issued a widely publicized statement questioning how the "perjured vaporizings of a black brute" could be accepted in testimony against him.[58]
The prosecutor compared Frank to Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. He said that Frank had killed Phagan to keep her from talking. With the sensational coverage, public sentiment in Atlanta turned strongly against Frank. The defense requested a mistrial because it felt the jurors had been intimidated, but the motion was denied.[59] In case of an acquittal, the judge feared for the safety of Frank and his lawyers, so he brokered a deal in which they would not be present when the verdict was read. On August 25, Frank was convicted of murder, as crowds outside the courtroom chanted "Hang the Jew!".[60][better source needed] The Constitution described the scene as Dorsey emerged from the steps of city hall: "The solicitor reached no farther than the sidewalk. While mounted men rode like Cossacks through the human swarm, three muscular men slung Mr. Dorsey on their shoulders and passed him over the heads of the crowd across the street."[61] Lindemann suggests "the powerless experienced a moment of exhilaration in seeing the defeat and humiliation of a normally powerful and inaccessible oppressor".[17]
Frank's appeals to the Georgia Supreme Court failed in November. The U.S. Supreme Court denied a writ of habeas corpus sought by Frank's lawyers. U.S. Supreme Court Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote, "I very seriously doubt if the petitioner ... has had due process of law ... because of the trial taking place in the presence of a hostile demonstration and seemingly dangerous crowd, thought by the presiding Judge to be ready for violence unless a verdict of guilty was rendered."[63] In October 1914, William Smith, Jim Conley's own lawyer, announced that he believed Conley had murdered Phagan.[64] A writ of error was issued allowing Frank to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, which heard the appeal in April 1915. On April 19, in the case of Frank v. Mangum, the appeal was denied on a 7-2 vote.[65] Holmes and Charles Evans Hughes dissented, with Holmes writing, "It is our duty ... to declare lynch law as little valid when practiced by a regularly drawn jury as when administered by one elected by a mob intent on death."[66]
On May 31, 1915, Frank pleaded to the Georgia State Prison Commission that his sentence be commuted to life imprisonment. On June 9, the Commission submitted a divided report, two against and one in support, to the departing Governor of Georgia, John M. Slaton.
Slaton reviewed more than 10,000 pages of documents, visited the pencil factory, and examined new evidence, including studies comparing Conley's speech patterns to the language of the murder notes.[67] The discovery of the undisturbed excrement in the elevator shaft directly contradicted Conley's claim that Conley and Frank had transported Phagan's body to the basement by the elevator. Conley admitted moving his bowels at that spot before the alleged transport of the body, but the excrement was not smashed until the police later used the elevator themselves.[68] Slaton told reporters: "some of the most powerful evidence in Frank's behalf was not presented to the jury which found him guilty."[69] During the hearing, former Governor Brown warned Slaton, "In all frankness, if Your Excellency wishes to invoke lynch law in Georgia and destroy trial by jury, the way to do it is by retrying this case and reversing all the courts."[70]
On June 21, five days before Slaton's term as governor ended and one day before Frank was scheduled to hang,[71] Slaton commuted Frank's sentence to life in prison. "I can endure misconstruction, abuse and condemnation," Slaton said, "but I cannot stand the constant companionship of an accusing conscience which would remind me that I, as governor of Georgia, failed to do what I thought to be right.... Feeling as I do about this case I would be a murderer if I allowed this man to hang. It may mean that I must live in obscurity the rest of my days, but I would rather be plowing in a field for the rest of my life than to feel that I had that blood on my hands."[72]
Slaton wrote concerning the US Supreme Court's denial of Frank's appeal that there was "no error of law" in Frank's trial and that "there was sufficient evidence to sustain the [guilty] verdict."[73] On this latter point, he said the Court had ruled "correctly in my judgement"[73] and that he was "sustaining the jury, the judge, and the appellate tribunals."[73] His reason for commuting Frank's sentence to life imprisonment was that the Frank verdict fell in that "territory 'beyond a REASONABLE DOUBT and absolute certainty,' for which the law provides in allowing life imprisonment instead of execution. This case has been marked by doubt. The trial judge doubted. Two Judges of the Supreme Court of Georgia doubted. Two Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States doubted. One of the three Prison Commissioners doubted."[73] On the matter of bias against Frank as a Jew, Slaton wrote, "The charge against the State of Georgia of racial prejudice is unfair."[73]
Regarding the timing of the commutation, Steve Oney has said: "I think Slaton made a decision of conscience ... That said, there was a clear and troubling appearance of a conflict of interest". Governor Slaton was a law partner of Rosser, Frank's lead defense counsel. The incoming governor, Nathaniel Harris, was a close ally of Tom Watson, who supported Frank's conviction and execution.[74] [75]
The public was outraged. A mob threatened to attack the governor at his home. A detachment of the Georgia National Guard, along with county policemen and a group of Slaton's friends who were sworn in as deputies, dispersed the mob.[76] Slaton had been a popular governor, but he and his wife left Georgia immediately thereafter.[69]
Frank was taken to the Milledgeville State Penitentiary, a minimum-security work farm, which officials thought would be more secure. On July 17, fellow inmate William Creen tried to kill him, slashing his throat with a seven-inch butcher knife and severing his jugular vein, according to The New York Times. The attacker told the authorities he wanted to keep the other inmates safe from mob violence, Frank's presence was a disgrace to the prison, and he was sure he would be pardoned if he killed Frank.[77]
The June 21, 1915, commutation drove Tom Watson to new heights of ferocity.[62] He wrote in the pages of The Jeffersonian and Watson's Magazine: "This country has nothing to fear from its rural communities. Lynch law is a good sign; it shows that a sense of justice lives among the people."[78] A group of prominent men organized themselves into the "Knights of Mary Phagan", openly planning to kidnap Frank from prison. They recruited men with the necessary skills for a total of 28, including themselves; an electrician was to cut the prison wires, car mechanics were to keep the cars running, and there was a locksmith, a telephone man, a medic, a hangman, and a lay preacher.[79] The ringleaders were well-known locally, but were not named publicly until June 2000, when a local librarian posted a list on the Web, based on information compiled by Mary Phagan's great-niece Mary Phagan Kean (b. 1953).[80] The list included:
On the afternoon of August 16, the eight cars of the lynch mob left Marietta separately for Milledgeville. They arrived at the prison at around 10:00 pm, and the electrician cut the telephone wires, members of the group emptied the gas from the prison's automobiles, handcuffed the warden, seized Frank, and drove away. The 175 miles (282 km) trip took about seven hours at a top speed of 18 miles per hour (29 km/h) through small towns on back roads. Lookouts in the towns telephoned ahead to the next town as soon as they saw the line of open cars pass by. A site at Frey's Gin, two miles (3 km) east of Marietta, had been prepared, complete with a rope and table supplied by former Sheriff William Frey.[84]
The New York Times reported Frank was wearing a nightshirt and undershirt, and the lynchers had tied a piece of brown canvas around his waist like a skirt. He was handcuffed, and his legs were tied at the ankles. They placed a new 3/4-in manila rope over his head, tied in a hangman's knot so it would force his head backwards and break his neck, and threw it over a branch of a tree. He was turned to face the direction of the house where Phagan had lived, and was hanged at around 7:00 am.[85] The Atlanta Journal wrote that the wound on his throat, caused when it was slashed in jail by another inmate, had reopened. A crowd of men, women, and children arrived on foot, in cars, and on horses, and souvenir hunters cut away parts of his shirt sleeves to take away.[86] According to The New York Times, one of the onlookers, Robert E. Lee Howell — related to Clark Howell, editor of The Atlanta Constitution — wanted to have the body cut into pieces and burned, and began to run around, screaming, whipping up the mob. Judge Newt Morris tried to restore order, and asked for a vote on whether the body should be returned to the parents intact; only Howell disagreed. When the body was cut down, Howell started stamping on Frank's face and chest; Morris quickly placed the body in a basket, and he and his driver John Stephens Wood drove it out of Marietta.[85]
In Atlanta, thousands besieged the undertaker's parlor, demanding to see the body; after they began throwing bricks, they were allowed to file past the corpse.[85] Frank was buried in the Mount Carmel Cemetery in Glendale, Queens, New York on August 20, 1915. The New York Times wrote that the vast majority of Cobb County believed he had received his "just deserts," and that the lynch party had simply stepped in to uphold the law after Governor Slaton arbitrarily set it aside.[85] A Cobb County grand jury was convened to indict the lynchers; although they were well-known locally, none was identified.[87]
Several photographs were taken of the lynching, which were published and sold as postcards in local stores for 25 cents each, a common practice after lynchings, along with pieces of the rope, Frank's nightshirt, and branches from the tree. According to Elaine Marie Alphin, they were selling so fast, the police announced that sellers required a city license.[88] Members of the lynch party or crowd can be seen in the postcards posing in front of the body, one of them holding a portable camera. Historian Amy Louise Wood writes that the local newspapers did not publish the photographs: it would have been too controversial, given that the lynch party can be seen clearly and that the lynching was being condemned around the country. The Columbia State, which opposed lynching, wrote: "The heroic Marietta lynchers are too modest to give their photographs to the newspapers." Wood also writes that a news film of the lynching was released, which included the photographs, though it focused on the crowds without showing Frank's body; its broadcast was prevented by censorship boards around the U.S., though according to Wood there is no evidence that it was stopped in Atlanta.[89]
After Frank's lynching, around half of Georgia's 3,000 Jews left the state.[90] According to Frank scholar Steve Oney, "What it did to Southern Jews can't be discounted.... It drove them into a state of denial about their Judaism. They became even more assimilated, anti-Israel, Episcopalian. The Temple did away with chupahs at weddings — anything that would draw attention."[91] Many American Jews saw Frank as an American Alfred Dreyfus.[92] In part because Frank was the president of the B'nai B'rith chapter in Atlanta, Georgia, Adolph Kraus, president of B'nai B'rith, invited 15 prominent members in Chicago to form the Anti-Defamation League of B'nai B'rith in September 1913, one month after Frank's conviction.[93] Two weeks after the lynching, in the September 2, 1915, issue of The Jeffersonian, Watson wrote, "the voice of the people is the voice of God."[94] He had capitalized on his sensational coverage of a controversial trial; in 1914, when Watson began reporting his anti-Frank message, The Jeffersonian's circulation had been 25,000; by September 2, 1915, its circulation was 87,000.[95] On November 25, 1915, months after Frank was lynched, members of the Knights of Mary Phagan burned a gigantic cross on top of Stone Mountain, inaugurating a revival of the Ku Klux Klan. The group was led by William J. Simmons and attended by 15 charter members and a few aging survivors of the original Klan.
Frank's widow, Lucille, did not remarry. She worked at the glove counter of the J.P. Allen store, and died April 23, 1957, of heart disease. In her 1954 will, she had requested to be cremated. Before her death, Lucille requested to family members that her ashes be spread in a local Atlanta park, but a local ordinance forbade it.[96] Atlanta magazine reported in 2003 that her ashes were stored for seven years in a local funeral home, until her family buried them secretly in a shoebox between the headstones of her parents in Atlanta's Oakland Cemetery, apparently worried that a funeral would stir up antisemitic action from the local Ku Klux Klan.[97]
In 1982, Alonzo Mann, who had been Frank's office boy for three weeks at the time of Phagan's murder, told a journalist for the Tennessean newspaper, nearly 69 years after the trial ended, that he had seen Jim Conley alone at 12:05 pm in the factory carrying Phagan's body at the lobby toward the ladder descending to the basement.[98] This contradicted Conley's testimony that he moved Phagan's dead body to the basement by the elevator. Mann swore in an affidavit in the 1980s that Conley had threatened to kill him if he reported what he had seen. At the time of the events Mann was aged 14. After telling his family what he had seen, his parents made him swear not to tell anyone else. Mann explained that his statement was made in an effort to die in peace. He passed a lie detector test, and died three years later in March, 1985, at the age of 86.
Mann's deposition was the basis of an attempt to obtain a posthumous pardon for Frank from the Georgia State Board of Pardons and Paroles. The effort was led by Charles Wittenstein, southern counsel for the Anti-Defamation League, and Dale Schwartz, an Atlanta lawyer, though Mann's testimony was not sufficient to settle the issue. The board also reviewed the files from Slaton's commutation decision.[99] It denied the pardon in 1983, hindered in its investigation by the lack of available records. Conley is believed to have died in 1962.[100][101] The state's files on the case were lost[102] and with them the opportunity to apply modern forensic techniques.[103] It concluded that, "After exhaustive review and many hours of deliberation, it is impossible to decide conclusively the guilt or innocence of Leo M. Frank. For the board to grant a pardon, the innocence of the subject must be shown conclusively."[104] At the time, the lead editorial in the Atlanta Constitution began, 'Leo Frank has been lynched a second time'.[105]
Frank supporters submitted a second application for pardon in 1986, asking the state only to recognize its culpability over his death. The board granted the pardon on March 11, 1986.[106] It said:
Without attempting to address the question of guilt or innocence, and in recognition of the State's failure to protect the person of Leo M. Frank and thereby preserve his opportunity for continued legal appeal of his conviction, and in recognition of the State's failure to bring his killers to justice, and as an effort to heal old wounds, the State Board of Pardons and Paroles, in compliance with its Constitutional and statutory authority, hereby grants to Leo M. Frank a Pardon.[107]
In 1995, on the 80th anniversary of the lynching, a private plaque was placed on a building near the site of the hanging; it read "Wrongly accused. Falsely convicted. Wantonly murdered."[7] In 2008, a state historical marker was erected by the Georgia Historical Society, the Jewish American Society for Historic Preservation, and Temple Kol Emeth, near the building at 1200 Roswell Road, Marietta. The marker reads:
Near this location on August 17, 1915, Leo M. Frank, the Jewish superintendent of the National Pencil Company in Atlanta, was lynched for the murder of thirteen-year-old Mary Phagan, a factory employee. A highly controversial trial fueled by societal tensions and anti-Semitism resulted in a guilty verdict in 1913. After Governor John M. Slaton commuted his sentence from death to life in prison, Frank was kidnapped from the state prison in Milledgeville and taken to Phagan's hometown of Marietta where he was hanged before a local crowd. Without addressing guilt or innocence, and in recognition of the state's failure to either protect Frank or bring his killers to justice, he was granted a posthumous pardon in 1986.[108]
In 2003, the 90th anniversary of Anti-Defamation League's founding, a monument dedicated by ADL was placed near the inside entrance of the Mount Carmel Cemetery in Queens, NY.
Leo Frank: The trial of Leo Frank in 1913 was motivated by the rampant antisemitism of the time. The founding of the Anti-Defamation League that same year was motivated by a passion to eradicate such injustice and bigotry. Despite his innocence, Frank was abducted from jail in 1915 and lynched. ADL remembers the victim Leo Frank and rededicates itself to ensuring there will be no more victims of injustice and intolerance.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Leo Frank. |


text:
Chiang Mai Highly Ranked on TripAdvisor's Traveller's Choice Destinations 2012
Chiang Mai is highly ranked on TripAdvisor's traveller's choice destinations in 2012. Labeled Thailand's "Rose of the North," Chiang Mai is a great place for visiting historic sites, eating delicious street food, taking a cooking class, and, perhaps bathing and feeding an elephant, according to TripAdvisor travelers.
Topping TripAdvisor's Traveller's Choice Destinations this year are the perennially popular London, New York City, Rome, Paris, and San Francisco, in that order. The Top 5 in Asia were listed as follows: Siem Reap, Beijing, Shanghai, Chiang Mai, and Male, in the Maldives.
TripAdvisor visitors to Chiang Mai noted that the city and its environs offer the fortunate traveler "historic sites, delicious street food, and a good place to bathe and feed an elephant." Recommended destinations include Wat Chedi Luang and Wat Phra That Doi Suthep.
Chiang Mai is also celebrated for its temperate climate, international flavor, unique culture, and diverse nightlife. A short one-hour flight from Bangkok, Chiang Mai has long been considered one of the most livable – and delightful – cities in Asia.
TripAdvisor reviewers further noted that Chiang Mai is also a great place to take a cooking class, among many other learning experiences. Many more activities and destinations were also highlighted in user reviews, which can be found at:
TripAdvisor and its network of sites and affiliates constitute the world's largest travel community, thereby bestowing great prestige on their annual list. More than 50 million monthly visitors, and over 60 million reviews and opinions can hardly be wrong-- these users are among the throngs of travelers visiting the world's most attractive, desirable, and interesting cities. The awards are based on the popularity of these cities, according to users' comments, reviews, and favorites.
TripAdvisor spokesperson Jean Ow-Yeong noted that "whether travellers are looking for a grand annual vacation or a quick weekend getaway, they can be inspired by hundreds of incredible travel destinations as identified by TripAdvisor's community of travellers."
TripAdvisor now operates sites in some 30 countries, including in China as
. For tourism industry professionals, they run a dedicated division providing access to their millions of monthly visitors.
Share this article
Related stories in this category
Floating Market in the Heart of Bangkok
Taking Steps to Reform Thailand's Tourism Sector
New Attraction in Commemoration of Thai-Japanese Relations
Thailand International Film Destination Festival 2015
Fast-Track Immigration Service for Loving Couples Visiting Thailand in February
Foreign Office, The Government Public Relations Department, Office of the Prime Minister
9 Rama VI Road, Soi 30, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
Tel: (+66-2) 618-2323 ext. 1700, 1707 Fax : (+66-2) 618-2358 E-mail :

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Robbie Rivera
The King of Juicy Beach brings new mixes to old favorites Thursday at Nikki Beach.
Robbie Rivera is one of Miami's many DJ success stories. The Puerto Rican-born artist moved to the Magic City in 1992, began attending the Winter Music Conference in 1998, and now his annual Juicy Beach party at Nikki Beach is one of the top events of the week each year, drawing 7,500 people. Catch him Thursday at Nikki Beach, Friday at the National Hotel pool party and Saturday at Ultra, performing standards and new tracks from his album "Closer to the Sun."
What are some of your fondest memories from WMC?
Let's see - one was playing at the BBC Radio 1 party with Pete Tong and Danny Rampling at Nikki Beach years ago. I remember hanging out there with all the top DJs - Frankie Knuckles, Todd Terry - that was an amazing party. And that was back when you could blast the music at Nikki Beach because there were no buildings next to it.
Are you breaking out anything new this year?
Yes, I'll be playing new versions of a lot of my hits that my fans always ask me to play. I'm producing brand new mixes to shock the people a bit. And nobody's gonna have them - just me.
Will you have time to check out other DJs' shows?
I think I'm gonna go Wednesday and check out my friend George Acosta's party at Opium, and Friday I'm gonna be playing with Oscar G, so I'll check him out as well, and Ultra, I'll be playing with so many DJs I like, so...
Do you think the conference is as important today as it used to be?
It's not like it used to be, where we'd all go out and hang out at the Fontainebleau and meet at the main lobby bar and talk about business and actually make money. I used to make a lot of money during the conference, music-wise, with the labels. Now, that doesn't really happen that much - now it's all about the parties and the DJs bringing their brand new music that they wanna promote.
Do you think Miami is still the best city for WMC?
Oh, definitely, definitely by far, because you have so many clubs and the beach and the restaurants - it's the best place to do it.
- Radio Bar in South Beach hosts complimentary monthly mixology classes
- Go Drink This: Deal Closer
- FDR & Electric Pickle Anniversary Bashes, Battioke, Rolling Loud & Fools' Paradise at Churchill's
- Go Drink This: Greenhouse Smash
- Wynwood's Electric Pickle turns 6, throws weekend-long anniversary bash
- French house, condo cinema, food, drink and fests!
- Wynwood's new piano bar pops up at Cafeina on Thursday nights
- Go Drink This: Mixology for Two, an interactive session
- 'French Tuesdays' returns to South Beach nightlife
- Go Drink This: Cocktails for Two


text:
A clash on Friday (February 1st) on the Lebanese-Syrian border between unidentified gunmen and the Lebanese army resulted in the deaths of six people, including five Lebanese soldiers, AFP reported.
Several other soldiers were wounded in the fighting. A wanted gunman also was among the dead.
The clash occurred at Arsal, near the frontier. A military spokesman contacted by AFP said only that there had been "incidents".
Lebanon's northern and eastern frontiers have seen spates of violence since the March, 2011 outbreak of an uprising in Syria against President Bashar Assad.


text:
What Windows as a Service and a "free upgrade" mean at home and at work
Windows licensing remains a bastion of clarity.
Windows licensing remains a bastion of clarity.
Two Obama campaign digital strategists are reportedly in contention.
New service pits Amazon head-to-head with Google, Microsoft on cloud services.
Obama calls for new drone regs after drunken intel employee's ill-fated drone op.
Wayward "device" found in middle of night by Secret Service.
Updates available for remote code-execution vulnerabilities. Patch now!
Secret passwords sent in e-mails, lack of encryption, the list goes on.
Bug in Lockheed Martin-managed flight planning system caused groundings in London.
Pilfered card data, Zip codes used by fraudsters to pick stores close to victims.
Retailers' systems buckle under load of post-Thanksgiving Web shopping.
Files in federal court to have banks' data breach suit thrown out.
Broken storage update caused 11-hour outage.
Court stops alleged scamming operations, but an end to the problem is elusive.
Practice makes better software.
Ars readers' scariest tech stories, plus a few more of our own for Halloween.
11 million servers, new giant VMs, and more third-party app support.
The cloud first, mobile first company tells us more about its cloud plans.
Claims only 500MB of images taken; other sources claim over 12GB.
When handling exceptions, throw when the errors occur.
Preview builds and multiple update speeds will make for an all-new Windows.
As Microsoft broadens its horizons, Intune undergoes the same rebranding as Azure did.
55,000 people on their way out as HP becomes two companies.
Addition to Office suite uses Web canvases, ties to OneDrive, runs as mobile app.
Ontarian government insists users' data is secure in spite of pancreatic error.
It may not be called Windows 9, but it's basically Windows 9.
After 14 months in beta, where does Valve's new platform push stand?
If you think the Internet can go on being just like it is, here's some bad news.
Dipping into four great sci-fi TV shows and highlighting the moments that made us feel.
How can something that starts out like cloth end up being so strong and light?
Review: China's disruptive OEM builds a premium, high-end phablet for $370.


text:
Related Pins
So many Easy Homemade Costume Ideas (You Can Do These!) Wish we would have thought of this when Nick was little. LOL Would be perfect for him!
couples costume ideas for halloween (easy to DIY the one pictured with a thrift store trip -white shirts, sharpies, hats, face crayon for masks and beard, and tote bags turned inside out and sharpie on $ signs
So this pin is actually a link to "Four Easy Halloween Costumes" but it gave me a literacy idea. One day a year, have a day where students (and teacher!) come to school dressed like a favorite book character and have a read-a-thon all day. (Dress up once a year, but I would love to have a read-a-thon day once a quarter!)
Snow White costume-- easy to #Halloween clothes #Halloween stuffs| happyhalloweencos...
I take this from the page on facebook: MiniInTheBox. Instagram, Twitter, Youtube, Facebook girlz, come on!


text:
Given all the chaos of 'World War Z' production, the Pittster wants to take it slow for movie two.
'World War Z' Will Invade IMAX Theaters for One Week
The Brad Pitt zombie epic gets the 52-foot screen treatment.
This Couple's Movie-Themed Engagement Photos Will Bring You Joy
"Inception," "An Education" and other flicks get the wedding treatment.
'12 Years a Slave' Trailer: Truth is Crueler Than Fiction
Chiwetel Ejiofor is about to become a household name. Start practicing pronunciation now.
(Un)Shocking News: 'World War Z' Sequel Planned
Does this mean franchise adverse Pitt will give us "Fight Club 2"? Or... "Ei8ht"?
9 Suggestions For the Next Big Movie Craze
Tired of zombies, superheroes and vampires? Here are nine suggestions for the next big thing in movies.
So, Brad Pitt Killed His Son in 'World War Z'
Maddox Jolie-Pitt's big screen cameo is, um, pretty mind-blowing.
Exclusive Q&A With Brad Pitt's Hair From 'World War Z'
We may not be able to get Brad himself, but you better believe we can get his hair to talk.


text:
Traveler Help | iFlyer Forum
iFlyer Forum Home
Discussion Topics
Last Post
SAV-ORD-MLIJan 6, 20151I will be flying from Savannah, GA to ORD. I then have a 1 hr layover before catching a flight to Moline, IL. It will be myself and my three kids. We will have carry on luggage. Will this layover time be enough? Thanks!***Tue, Jan 6
2hr Stopover en-route to TorontoJan 7, 20153I will be arriving from Dubai on Emirate flight at 07.45 on Monday morning with connecting fight on Delta at 09.55 to Toronto (tickets purchased separately). Will there be enough time to clear immigration/customs after arrival to clear and check in luggage for the next flight?TravellerTue, Jan 6Further to previous message, forgot to mention both flights are to/from T4.TravellerTue, Jan 6Your flight to Toronto will actually depart from Terminal 2. And you are really pushing what's possible since you have two separate itineraries. i would not have booked that connection.ZAPTue, Jan 6
Overnight connection EWRJan 6, 20150By mistake I think I posted the following in the wrong forum..January 10, 2015 flying YWG - YYZ - EWR arriving EWR on AC (United 8202) at 1035 PM. Connecting next morning January 11, 2015 at 9:04 AM to United 1040 travelling to AUA. All ticketed on United. I am aware of US immigration and customs procedures in YYZ. My question is - will my bags be checked through to AUA or will I need to gather them in Newark for the night and check them at United counter in the morning? We have booked a room at the Marriott at the airport.Thanks, JimsenorjimTue, Jan 6
Connecting to different airlineJan 5, 20151I am booked on American from Hartford to ORD for the first leg of a trip to Montrose, CO. The second leg is on United. Will I have to claim my baggage and re-check it when I get to ORD?***Mon, Jan 5If you bought your tickets together your bags should be transferred to United and you'll just have to walk from T3 where you arrive to T1 or T2 where you will depart. If you purchased two separate tickets you will have to claim your bags in T3 and take them to T1 to check with United.ZAPMon, Jan 5
MailboxJan 5, 20151Hi I have some letters I need to mail. Is there a mailbox in the airport or in the United Club??GregoryMon, Jan 5
international connection questionJan 5, 20151I have 1 hour and 39 minutes to connect from my in coming flight (AA) from BDL to my outgoing flight (AA) to CDG on Jan 6. Will that be enough time?y.choiMon, Jan 5
Connecting FlightJan 5, 20151I am flying in from Hong Kong via Cathay Pacific, arriving in ORD at 19:35. Planning to book a connecting flight to Omaha via American Airlines at 20:50. Is this enough time? Thanks!KTMon, Jan 5
Connecting flight - immigration & sec checkJan 10, 20151We will be arriving in IAH from Europe - connecting flights to San Antonio. We will have 140 minutes to get to the next flight. 1. Will this time be enough? 2. We need one wheelchair (already contacted the airline) - will we be picked up at the plane and will they help us through the immigration? 3. Will we have to pick up our luggage and check it in again? Thanks!! 3.IAHtravelSun, Jan 4Yes, that should be enough time. Yes, wheelchair assistance will meet you at the plane and make sure you are taken care of until you are on board your second plane. Yes. You will have to pick up your bags after Immigration, then go through customs, then re-check your bags at the transfer desk before going through security and to your departure gate.ZAPSat, Jan 10
between terminalsJan 4, 20151I will stay in Hilton Hotel for a night and in the morning i have to carry my 2 big baggages and 1 carry on from Terminal 2 to Terminal 1 and i know that there is no cart allowed on Airport train so i am wondering is there any way for me to carry all my baggage to Terminal 1 to check inEdithSun, Jan 4
Atlanta customs with no bagsJan 1, 20152Hi! I have one hour to get out of the airplane from Peru, clear customs and take a taxi to an interview. Is it possible to clear customs and be out of the airport in one hour. I won't have any bags to claim only my carry on.TravperWed, Dec 31If you only have to be out and to the taxi in an hour, that's possible. If you're expecting to be downtown an hour after you land, no, that's not possible.ZAPWed, Dec 31
SAL-IAH-EWR-BHX Flight - Do I have to claim baggage at IAH?Dec 31, 20150Good morning everybody and happy 2015! ^___^ I have the following flight plan on January the 8th, 2015: San Salvador (El Salvador) SAL - Houston IAH {UA 1467} (2 hours 5 minutes connection time) Houston IAH - Newark EWR {UA 0369} (1 hour 50 minutes connection time) Newark EWR - Birmingham (United Kingdom) BHX {UA 0027} I bought the three flights as a single ticket with United. Although I wish I could check in my bag in SAL to final destination and claim it at BHX, I doubt that this is allowed on a International-to-National and National-to-International USA connection combo like the one I have at IAH-EWR The question is: do I have to claim my bag at IAH, or EWR, or it can be sent straight to final destination? And: how long does it take to claim and re-check my bag at IAH? Does United have any priority queue for short connections? Kindly let me know! Your insight is much appreciated! And, again, have a wonderful 2015! ^___^ - SamSamWed, Dec 31
46 minutesDec 31, 20151I am traveling from St. Louis to Dallas and from Dallas to OKC. I have a 46 minute layover in Dallas. Will that be enough time to catch my connecting flight?KylieWed, Dec 31
connection timeDec 30, 20151I arrive from Las Vegas #1602 and then have a connecting flight to Flint, MI #2053 and it states that I have to change airports? Both say Terminal S Can you help?liTue, Dec 30Atlanta only has one airport. Are you perhaps departing from Detroit and arriving to Flint? If so that's what it's referring to. If both flights are on Delta in Atlanta, all you have to do is go from your arrival gate to your departure gate. The Plane Train connects all gates inside security.ZAPTue, Dec 30


text:
An Official Statement made by Eng Ikhlas Aqel, Consultant, Nablus Municipality, Nablus Municipality, State of Palestine, at the fourth session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, May 2013.
Tag This Document
Please contribute, submit policy or legislation.
PreventionWeb welcomes submissions from the disaster risk reduction community. Please contribute.
Submit policy or legislation
Share inputs on how the World Conference working sessions can contribute to deliver disaster risk reduction


text:
As a retailer in the surf industry for the past 21 years, I have had to use multiple sources to stay informed to the news within surf. Since the inception of the Executive Edition of Shop-Eat-Surf.com, I need only one stop. Thanks for providing such a valuable tool to all of us in the industry. Shop-Eat-Surf is a must read for all of our staff at Maui Nix.
- By George Karamitos, CEO, Maui NixI'm an avid reader of Shop-Eat-Surf because it's really the only online newsletter that I have found that is not only industry related, but also because it's not so "guy-centric." I find that a lot of the information I read on the site pertains to my business (as a swimwear designer) and keeps me up to date on what other companies and other women in the industry in general are doing which is not only inspiring but also helps me gauge the future direction of my business as well.
I feel privileged to read the Executive Edition because I know I am getting insider industry information before it hits the mainstream media channels. And it's always good to know what my friends are up to in the industry.
- By Monica Wise, Founder, L*Space
ROTH CAPITAL PARTNERS: Hosting 27th Growth Stock Conference March 8-11 in Dana Point, Calif.
Details on Industry Insight.
To accomplish this, RVCA has formed a strategic partnership with Medinvest and Tradegroup, who have successfully launched brands such as Volcom in the European market, according to the RVCA release.
Based out of Marseille, France, Medinvest (controlled by Michel Gamet) will be accountable for the backend logistical operations of RVCA in Europe, while Tradegroup, headed by Marcus Prosch in Stuttgart, Germany will handle all sales and marketing.
RVCA already sells to many countries and territories in Europe, including the UK, France, Spain, Germany, Italy, Scandinavia and Greece via distribution companies.
RVCA will maintain those working relationships with the distribution companies but will also have a European operation that will oversee those relationships and control the sales and marketing along with logistics for the overall European market, according to a RVCA spokeswoman.
All design and the marketing vision will continue to come from RVCA headquarters in Costa Mesa, she said.
The new arrangement will be up and running for Summer 2009.
"The potential for RVCA in Europe is huge. RVCA's clothing and accessories collections fit in line with European standards and trends, and its brand concept of mixing art and action sports through its development of the ANP - Artist Network Program - is revolutionary. We are confident the European market will fully embrace RVCA as has already been done in the USA," Marcus Prosch said in the release.
RVCA Founder and Creative Director Pat "PM" Tenore said in the release he is excited for RVCA to seriously enter the European market.
"While we have experience and history that RVCA can succeed within the European market, we understand that Medinvest and Tradegroup are the experts at brand development in Europe, and we are thrilled about the potential of developing further for local European needs," he said.
Airfare.com - Flights, hotels and more!


text:
We want to ensure that making a return is as easy and hassle-free as possible! If for any reason you decide that your purchase just isn't for you, simply return the item within 30 days of receipt and we'll cover the return shipping when you choose our FREE Pre-Paid Return Shipping Label. Learn more about our return policy.
Shop now and get Free Value Shipping on most orders over $49 to contiguous 48 states, DC and to all U.S. Military APO/FPO/DPO addresses.
The SmartReloader #15 10 Round Ammunition Carrying Box is an amazing Ammo Box which will fit in your pocket during your hunting trips or at the range. It can be adjusted to fit ammo from caliber .223 Remington up to 9.3x74R. You will definitely need more than one for your trips. Be sure your ammo will be silently and properly stored!


text:
B-A Endurance (120 capsules)
Price: $17.99
Not Yet Rated. Be the First to Write a Review
B-A Endurance (120 capsules)
Similar Forum Threads
Finigenx 120 Lipo Gel Capsules
By tenn0titan in forum AnabolicsReplies: 14Last Post: 10-22-2004, 09:34 PM -
Honey is the natural carbohydrate source for endurance
By windwords7 in forum Weight LossReplies: 19Last Post: 04-21-2004, 11:55 PM -
Capsule Question
By SummusMentis in forum SupplementsReplies: 2Last Post: 04-12-2003, 01:34 AM -
how many mgs are in a capsule of 1AD?
By antonio in forum AnabolicsReplies: 2Last Post: 12-28-2002, 05:48 PM


text:
Fresh Strawberry Sauce Recipe Cooking Show
Learn how to make a Strawberry Sauce recipe i hope you enjoy this classic Fresh Strawberry Sauce, perfect for Ice Cream and Cheesecake.
Added: 1589 days ago by
Views: 45 |
Comments: 0 |
Not yet rated
Strawberry Shortcakes Recipe Cooking Show
In this video, Betty demonstrates how to make Individual Strawberry Shortcakes.
Added: 1645 days ago by
Views: 69 |
Comments: 0 |
Not yet rated
Strawberry Daiquiri Recipe Cooking Show
Strawberry Daiquiri is a nice and very tasty dink to serve for your guest how are coming.
Added: 1661 days ago by
Views: 51 |
Comments: 0 |
Not yet rated
Strawberry and Rhubarb Crisp Recipe Cooking Show
This is a perfect summertime crumble recipe to make when the strawberries and rhubarb are in season.
Added: 1685 days ago by
Views: 89 |
Comments: 0 |
Not yet rated
Strawberry swirl cheesecake Recipe Cooking Show
Michele McAdoo for the Kraft Kitchens shares a recipe that's a creative spin on classic NY style cheesecake. Instead of serving with fresh strawberries, seedless strawberry jam is swirled on top of the batter for a beautiful marbled effect.
Added: 1699 days ago by
Views: 58 |
Comments: 0 |
Not yet rated


text:
Thanks for redeeming.
{{else}}Success! Thanks for repurchasing.
{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if Expired}}Increase my visibility!
{{else}} {{#if IsMultiPack}}{{#if HasMultiPack}} You have {{MultiPackCount}} top spot(s) left. Now loading you into the search listings... {{else}} You have used all top spots. Now loading you into the search listings... {{/if}}
{{else}}We are loading you into the search listing pages...
{{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}} {{/if}}{{Current}} just saw you!
{{/if}} {{#if LastTopSpotPurchaseIsMulti }} {{#if HasAnyTopSpot}}{{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} {{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Free {{/if}} {{#if HasPaidTopSpot }} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }} & {{/if}} {{ MultiPackCount }} {{/if}} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left
{{else}}0 Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left
{{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasFreeTopSpot }}{{ UnclaimedTopSpotFree }} Top Spot{{#if Plural}}s{{/if}} Left
{{/if}} {{/if}} {{else}} {{#if HasResults}}{{Current}} see you now!
{{else}} {{/if}} {{/if}}You can now invite anyone to meet at your favorite Starbucks.
Limited-time feature
25 year old man | Diamond Bar, CA, USA | Seeking women 20-30 within 60 miles
My friends call me "hummingbird", Can you keep up? I'm full of energy and looking for my partner in crime!!
Let's see ... where to being... My name is Salim but everyone calls me Sam. I have a full time job and go to graduate school at night, so I am a really busy guy; hope you can keep up! I like to be outside and play sports, hiking, walking around the mall, just something active that makes you move. But don't get me wrong I have my lazy days where all I want to do is watch a movie. I like to try new things and be spontaneous however having the busy schedule that I do have, I am really limited; so I try and squeeze in as much fun as possible. I am looking for an educated women that is easy going but knows how to have fun. I'm pretty open to meeting new people and going with the flow. Let's talk and see where it goes.
Alumni connections , Business networking , Cooking , Dining out , Nightclubs/Dancing , Playing sports , Volunteering
Billiards / Pool, Bowling, Cycling, Dancing, Other types of exercise, Running, Soccer, Swimming, VolleyBall, Walking / Hiking, Weights / Machines
I exercise 3-4 times per week.
I like Birds, Cats, Exotic Pets
Middle of the Road
California State University, Fullerton, Fullerton, CA
Him | What he is looking for | |
Appearance | ||
Height: | 5'8" (172cms) | 3'0" (91cms) to 6'0" (182cms) |
Body type: | Athletic and toned | Slender, About average, Athletic and toned |
Eyes: | Hazel | No preference |
Hair: | Dark brown | No preference |
Lifestyle | ||
Smoke: | No Way | No preference |
Drink: | Social Drinker | Social Drinker, Regularly, Moderately |
Occupation: | Technical / Science / Computers / Engineering | No preference |
Construction Engineer |
Income: | I'll tell you later | No preference |
Relationship: | Never Married | Never Married |
Have kids: | No | No |
Wants kids: | Someday | Definitely, Someday, Not sure |
Background | ||
Ethnicity: | Middle Eastern | Middle Eastern |
Lebanon |
Faith: | Muslim / Islam | Muslim / Islam, Spiritual but not religious, Other |
Not religious |
Languages: | Arabic, English | English |
Education: | Graduate degree | Associates degree, Bachelors degree, Graduate degree |


text:
Thread: Skippy?
- Join Date
- Oct 2002
- Location
- Port Allen, LA
- Posts
- 154
Does anyone have any information on Bob "Skippy" McFadries the owner of the Skippyboard confined space rescue device? None of the phone numbers I have for him go through.
Thread Information
Users Browsing this Thread
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)
Similar Threads
Teeth removed from 2-in/2-out
By dougimfd in forum Fireground TacticsReplies: 24Last Post: 10-24-2007, 10:52 AM -
Just Got The Call
By ameryfd in forum Federal FIRE ACT Grants & FundingReplies: 61Last Post: 08-19-2005, 12:30 AM -
Kangaroo tracking
By sublimecharger6 in forum The Off Duty ForumsReplies: 20Last Post: 01-10-2005, 02:55 PM -
Things Skippy is No Longer Allowed to Do...
By Firefighter430 in forum The Off Duty ForumsReplies: 1Last Post: 04-01-2004, 06:19 PM -
By firefighter skippy in forum Emergency (& Non) EntertainmentReplies: 8Last Post: 05-04-2002, 06:20 PM


text:
With 3-D TV sales not meeting their grandest expectations, set makers have decided it's better to stand together, then fall apart. They're now rallying behind a standard for 3-D active shutter glasses, though the fruits of their "Full HD 3D Glasses Initiative" will not be savored by consumers until sometime next year.
As it currently stands, active shutter glasses sold to work with a Panasonic set will not be useful if you've taken 'em over to a friend's house to watch, say a ESPN 3-D basketball game, and he's showing it off on a Samsung or Sony 3-D set. This incompatibility is a major turn off for customers (as is the price of the battery-powered shutter glasses - now looming between $50 and $130) when they go shopping for a new set.
Adding more insult to injury is the confusion caused when the salesman starts pitching that there's another way to do 3-D TV - with "passive" (battery-free) polarized 3-D glasses that don't "blink" at you (alternately opening/closing left and right LCD lenses, in synch with the picture).
LG, Vizio and Westinghouse are now pushing 3-D sets with passive glasses and hail the experience as "superior." Yes, the glasses are lighter and the pictures look a bit brighter (in part because the glasses aren't as tinted). Plus, there's no battery recharging or replacement to worry about. But the image resolution with passive technology is compromised - bringing back the visible black scanning lines in even a 3-D Blu-ray movie presentation that we thought was a thing of the analog TV past. Oh, and image resolution with passive 3-D is cut even more when watching 3-D channels on cable and satellite. But the good news is, if your kid sits on a pair of passive glasses and crushes them, you can get another set for $5, or just use the ones you picked up for free at a RealD or Disney 3D movie presentation.
Earlier this month, Panasonic, Samsung, Sony and movie/home theater glasses maker xPand 3D announced their mutual support of the initiative. Now, four more manufacturers have climbed on-board - Royal Philips, Sharp, TCL Corporation (RCA brand in the U.S.) and Toshiba.
Their goal is to produce standardized active shutter glasses that are triggered by a 3-D TV via Bluetooth (radio frequency) signals. Today, only Samsung produces such glasses/sets - and also can boast of having the lightest model of rechargeable glasses, the SSG-3700CR.
The rest of the "Full HD/Active Shutter Glasses" camp deploy infrared light signaling from the TV set that can mess up momentarily when someone walks between a glasses-wearer and the TV. Worse - IR glasses often perform badly and strobe erratically under the fluorescent lights in stores. That gives would-be buyers a great reason to walk away, convinced 3-D "stinks" and "gives me a headache."
Hopefully, if most TV makers are soon producing 3-D glasses to the same spec, the price per pair will come way down, eliminating another bone of contention. At present, the plan is that these standardized 3-D glasses also will be backwards compatible with current IR-signaled 3-D TVs in some fashion. I'll believe that when I see it. So called "Universal 3-D" glasses currently available from xPand and Monster have not proven idiot- (or even smarty-) proof.
Explore further: Flexible sensors turn skin into a touch-sensitive interaction space for mobile devices


text:
RT @NERevolution: LAST CHANCE! You have 'til 5 p.m. to submit your video audition to sing the National Anthem at a 2015 #NERevs match! http…
- Wednesday Mar 4 - 9:08pmTicket/Bus deadline for NYCFC is this Friday. Ticket/Bus money will be refunded if game is cancelled. http://t.co/iMWMGOqF4o #NERevs
- Wednesday Mar 4 - 8:57pmWe stand with the players. @MLSPlayersUnion http://t.co/wGkcEKJAee #NERevs
- Wednesday Mar 4 - 7:54pmRT @NERevolution: They're on the way, #NERevs Season Ticket Holders! http://t.co/ziY5YuB3D6
- Wednesday Mar 4 - 6:52pm
Win a chance to play on "Team Riders" in the Matt Reis Golf Challenge
Matt Reis has offered the Riders their own group in his second annual Celebrity Golf Challenge being held Sept. 17 at Butternut Farm, in Stow, MA. On Sept 5. he will be drawing four names to make up "Team Riders". If you want a chance to play all you have to do is: buy a […]


text:
Tag: design rights
Apple targets Galaxy S II, other Samsung phones in new German suit
According to a Bloomberg report, Apple filed a new lawsuit in Germany that targets ten of Samsung's Android handsets. This new suit gives Apple a fresh start to argue for its EU design rights, which were recently called into question by Germany's Dusseldorf Court. It also gives the company an o...
Software Updates
more updates- Apple Remote Desktop updated with Yosemite support
- OS X Yosemite 10.10.2, iOS 8.1.3 updates now available
- Sports Illustrated 120 SPORTS channel comes to Apple TV
- Logic Pro X update brings AirDrop support, new effects, tools, and more
- Parallels Access 2.5 released, adds file manager, computer-to-computer remote access
- The Google Translate iOS app is about to get a lot smarter


text: Second Thoughts Series 3 - 8. Labour of Love Facebook Google Tumblr Pinterest Blogger Reddit VKontakt Print Email About this programme 8/15. Faith gets a job on a magazine, while Bill thinks about a career move away from journalism. Comedy, starring the late Lynda Bellingham and James Bolam. Cast and crew Cast Bill Macgregor James Bolam Faith Grayshot Lynda Bellingham Hannah Grayshot Julia Sawalha Joe Grayshot Mark Denham Christian Russell Irwin Sarah Angela Belton Jay Ron Webster Baz Tony Marshall Crew Director Robin Carr Writer Jan Etherington Writer Gavin Petrie Categories Sitcom Like this? Share it. Facebook Google Tumblr Pinterest Blogger Reddit VKontakt Print Email


text:
This Shoe Mart promo offers free shipping on all US orders with no minimum purchase requirements.
Shop this Shoe Mart coupon link to save 40-70% at the factory outlet store. Prices are as marked.
Enter this coupon code at checkout to get 15% off select brands from The Shoe Mart.
Take 20% off $100 on select styles when you use this The Shoe Mart promo code.
Take 15% off Hush Puppies when you shop this The Shoe Mart promotion.
Take 20% off all orders of $100 or more when you use this coupon code at The Shoe Mart.
Use this promo code to get 15% off select styles at The Shoe Mart.
Get 10% off all regular-priced items with this ShoeMart promo code. Excludes select brands.
Take 21% off sitewide with this ShoeMart coupon code. Excludes sale items and select brands.
Use The Shoe Mart coupon codes to take 15% off your order of $65 or more. This code excludes Alden, Allen-Edmonds, Ariat, Bogs, Cole Haan, Doctor Specified, Dubarry, Injinji, Magnanni, Meltonian, Merrell, Minnetonka, Moretz, New Balance, Reebok, Santoni, Sperry Top-Sider, UGG, Wolverine, sale items, and previous orders.


text:
Welcome to Fashiolista! Discover, save & share the greatest fashion findsfrom anywhere on the web! Sign in with Facebook
Buy it here 344 First found by arianne at John Lewis 4 years, 7 months ago @Tag a friend Add to list comments Please sign in to start gossiping Sign in with Facebook or sign up manually aaiin que fofo *-* linnda Are you sure you want to delete this comment? Cancel Are you sure this is spam? Cancel we love it! (344) tags for this item Black and white blouse blusa bow laço navy striped Black white red bow stripes cute style bow shirt login to add tags


text:
On Friday, January 30, the Scandia Elementary students and staff celebrated becoming an IB World School! Mrs. Greiman and IB Coordinator Mrs. Gerry Seaburg congratulated the students and staff for their hard work over the past three years to earn this distinction. Student representatives from each class read what becoming an IB school has meant to their class. Each student did a self portraiture that will be hunt throughout the school. Students also contributed a blue and green thumbprint to our IB World School sign. At the end of the program, the students danced to their favorite pop tunes provided by DJ, Mr. Swensen, and ate fortune cookies in honor of being able to learn Chinese.
Breaking news at Scandia Elementary!! We were just notified on Friday, January 9, that we have earned authorization as an International Baccalaureate World School!! I am so proud of the efforts of our IB Coordinator, Gerry Seaburg, and the Scandia Elementary staff. Their hard work over the past three years has certainly paid off. We will be having a student body assembly on January 30 to celebrate our success!
Scandia Elementary's annual Art and Academic Fair was held on Friday, February 20, from 6:00-8:00 pm. There were many activities planned for all families, but the highlight was seeing all of the students' wonderful projects. Thank you to chairperson, Amy Larsen, for all her hard work in planning such a wonderful event!
If you have not received a packet, or if you know of someone who should receive a packet, please contact the office at 651-982-3300 and we will mail one immediately.
If you have a pre-schooler, or if you know of any pre-school families that are looking for a quality pre-school experience for their child, here is some information for you...
Forest Lake Area Schools has a Little Ranger preschool program right here at Scandia Elementary. We will be offering a T/Th afternoon session from 1:00 - 3:30 pm. Registration is limited to 3-5 year old students and is first come, first serve. For more information, or to register, please contact Melissa at 651-982-8349 or firstname.lastname@example.com.
Julie Greiman
Scandia Elementary School
14351 Scandia Trail North
Scandia, MN 55073
"Intelligence plus character--that is the goal of true education."
Martin Luther King, Jr.
4-8 pm
4-8 pm
No School K-6
9-13: No School K-12
Spring Break
16-No School K-12
Teacher Professional Day
17-PTO Meeting
6:30 pm
20-Peace Team field trip
Northwoods Humane Society
23-Spring Picture Day
27-Star Mart open today
28-PTO Carnival!
31-Third Quarter ends
31-Field trip Gr. 3
"The Works"
2-No School K-6
Teacher Workday
3-No School K-12
9-Breakfast Together &
DARE graduation
Grade 6
14-PTO Meeting
6:30 pm
24-Dala Gala!


text:
Pronunciation: Ioujno-Sakhalinsk
Added on: 2012-10-17
Listened: 29 times
Pronunciation in French [fr]
- Pronunciation by lilie45 (Female from France)
- Could you do it better? different accent? Pronounce Ioujno-Sakhalinsk in French
Accents & languages on maps
- Random word: messieurs
by Yandex Translate English translation:
Ioujno-Sakhalinsk = Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk
Not satisfied?
Modify word:
· Add languages
· Add categories
Report word:
Is there anything wrong with this word?
Please report it here.


text:
Four-wave mixing and phase conjugation in semiconductor laser media
Optics Letters, Vol. 12, Issue 4, pp. 260-262 (1987)
Enhanced HTML Acrobat PDF (383 KB)
A theory of four-wave mixing in semiconductor laser media is developed by considering the contributions of both the gain and index gratings created by the carrier-density modulation occurring at the beat frequency of the pump and the probe waves. The general formalism can be applied to semiconductor lasers operating below or above threshold. As an illustration, we consider the case in which the semiconductor laser is operated as a traveling-wave amplifier. The results show that the dominant contribution to the four-wave mixing process comes from the index grating. Further, the index grating makes the probe transmission asymmetric with respect to the pump–probe detuning.
© 1987 Optical Society of America
Original Manuscript: October 21, 1986
Manuscript Accepted: January 14, 1987
Published: April 1, 1987
Govind P. Agrawal, "Four-wave mixing and phase conjugation in semiconductor laser media," Opt. Lett. 12, 260-262 (1987)
Sort: Year | Journal | Reset
- For a review, see various chapters in R. A. Fisher, ed., Optical Phase Conjugation (Academic, New York, 1983).
- H. Nakajima, R. Frey, Appl. Phys. Lett. 47, 769 (1985); IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-22, 1349 (1986). [CrossRef]
- R. Frey, Opt. Lett. 11, 91 (1986). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- G. P. Agrawal, N. K. Dutta, Long- Wavelength Semiconductor Lasers (Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, 1986), Chap. 2. [CrossRef]
- T. Fu, M. Sargent, Opt. Lett. 4, 366 (1979). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- D. J. Harter, R. W. Boyd, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-16, 1126 (1980). [CrossRef]
- A. P. Bogatov, P. G. Eliseev, B. N. Sverdlov, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-11, 510 (1975). [CrossRef]
- G. P. Agrawal, C. Flytzanis, IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17, 374 (1981). [CrossRef]
- G. P. Agrawal, J. Opt. Soc. Am. 73, 654 (1983). [CrossRef]
- H. Nakajima, R. Frey, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 1798 (1985). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- N. C. Kothari, R. Frey, Phys. Rev. A 34, 2013 (1986). [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Cited By |
Alert me when this paper is cited |
OSA is able to provide readers links to articles that cite this paper by participating in CrossRef's Cited-By Linking service. CrossRef includes content from more than 3000 publishers and societies. In addition to listing OSA journal articles that cite this paper, citing articles from other participating publishers will also be listed.


text:
by The Circle of Moms Editors
By Circle of Moms Editors
"There is nothing more scary than a malnourished mom living on fast food and mochas, with sore feet and back, and no adult interaction." Here we've rounded up the items real moms say are most splurge-worthy.
Having a child changes just about everything in your life, legal documents included! From fo… Read More
Got something to say? Join Circle of Moms or login to participate in the conversation.
Get the latest mom news and articles in your inbox.
Should I charge my grown kids rent?
106 Answers
What to do when your child reacts badly to not getting what they want?
38 Answers
How do you deal with a 6 year old daughter with a teenager attitude?
45 Answers
Should I treat my 13 year old as an adult?
181 Answers
When should you let your child play outside by themselves?
120 Answers


text:
Advertisement:Close [X]
83% via 79 votes66
ExxxtraSmall Petite blonde teen tied banged
- 88,032
- September 9, 2013
See all posts (0)Exxxtra Small We know what you like. Fun-sized teens ready to get picked up, tossed, flipped around, fucked and facialized! Watch these vertically challenged teens take cocks bigger than their heads now on www.ExxxtraSmall.com!
See all posts (0)Twitter follow @porntube
From Our Blog Blog RSS
We are happy to help.
Flag Video
Choose your size


text:
Press Room News Releases E-mail updates Speeches & Testimony Multi-Media Library
About Us Mission Leadership History Organizational Chart Programs & Operations Wall of Honor DEA Museum Office Locations
Careers at DEA
DEA Drug Information Drug Information Resources
Law Enforcement Most Wanted Major Operations Threat Assessment Training Programs Stats & Facts Additional Resources
Drug Prevention For Young Adults For Parents Additional Drug Resources
Diversion Control & Prescription Drugs Registration Cases Against Doctors
Drug Policy Controlled Substances Act Federal Trafficking Penalties Drug Scheduling
Legislative Resources
Acquisitions & Contracts
News Release FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE August 16, 2004 For further information contact: Special Agent Thomas Germano Public Information Officer TEL: (973) 273-5322 CELL: (862) 849- 9876
DEA New Jersey Seizes 143 Pounds of Cocaine and Arrests Six (6) Individuals
Special Agent in Charge Michael Pasterchick, Jr., of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), Newark Division announced the arrests of six (6) individuals, the seizure of 143 pounds of cocaine and several automobiles. The following individuals were arrested:
Norberto A. Fredricks-Vega, DOB: 12/16/67 Carlos J. Gonzalez, DOB: 04/27/77 Carlos Otero-Quinones, DOB: 2/24/74 Orlando Cardona-Rosario, DOB 9/18/69 Eric Fuentes, DOB: 7/28/71 Hector Rosado-Figueroa, DOB: 1/12/57
DEA Special Agents from the Newark and Philadelphia Divisions and agents of the Internal Revenue Service, in conjunction with the Jersey City Police Department, Hudson County Prosecutor's Office, Morris County Prosecutor's Office, and the New Jersey State Police acted upon information they received about a narcotics transportation and distribution network operating in the New Jersey area. Special Agents and officers identified Norberto Fredricks-Vega as the leader of the organization, which is based in Puerto Rico. It was learned that Fredricks-Vega had been receiving large quantities of cocaine in Puerto Rico from the Dominican Republic and then smuggling the cocaine into the United States.
On August 13, 2004, defendant Fredricks-Vega delivered a load of cocaine to Eric Fuentes in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania area, who then transported the cocaine into New Jersey. Fuentes was subsequently arrested on August 13, 2004 at his residence located at 853 Colonial Avenue, Union, New Jersey, after he off loaded 143 pounds of cocaine into his residence from a vehicle. Also, on the same date Fredericks-Vega, Gonzalez, Otero-Quinones and Cardona-Rosario were arrested in Mount Laurel, New Jersey and Rosado-Figueroa was arrested in Philadelphia after the delivery of cocaine to Fuentes.
DEA Special Agents also seized several high priced automobiles in connection with this investigation. These automobiles have an estimated value of approximately $100,000.00, and were purchased by members of the organization with proceeds from cocaine sales.
Special Agent in Charge Pasterchick recognized the efforts of the special agents and police officers working on this investigation by saying " the arrests and seizures made during this multi-jurisdictional investigation are a direct result of law enforcement agencies working well together at all levels to stop the flow of drugs into the country and onto our city streets".
"It's a great day when 143 pounds of cocaine are under lock and key rather than being pushed to children on the streets of New Jersey and New York," said United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey, Christopher J. Christie. "This case is a prime example of the successes that are possible when federal, state and local law enforcement agencies work together in a coordinated manner."
Mark Larkins, Assistant United States Attorney for the District of New Jersey, will handle the initial appearance of the defendants on August 16, 2004 in Newark,NJ and the prosecution of this investigation.


text:
Blocked Field Goal Results In Kicker Getting Absolutely Destroyed
Somehow, he got back up from this. But never be a kicker. This play has taken what was a Cotton Bowl blowout and left Michigan State with a chance to win.
We Are All Unided
Send stories, photos, and anything else you might have to firstname.lastname@example.com.
Michigan Gets Asses Kicked After Defacing Spartan Stadium With Spike
Can we talk about how weird and stupid this is? This is the Michigan Wolverines football team—awful in every way, from the tactical to the executive to the medical—shoving a spike into the Spartan Stadium turf and celebrating like a bunch of morons just prior to getting their shit kicked in by Michigan State 35-11.
Tom Izzo, In Makeup, Plays Accordion With KISS At MSU Midnight Madness
Tom Izzo is smart enough not to get on a motorcycle, but he'll take some risks. Last night, those risks included wearing KISS makeup and playing accordion onstage with the glammed-out rockers.
Indiana's Shane Wynn Goes 75 Yards On Reverse, Embarrasses Michigan St.
Michigan State is supposed to be one of the best teams in the country, but they looked ridiculous in the second quarter today against Indiana as they allowed the Hoosiers' Shane Wynn to go 75 yards for a touchdown on a reverse. They had plenty of chances to tackle Wynn; it seems they just chose not to.
Michigan State Beats EMU So Badly They Forget How To Play Football
Earlier, we brought you a halftime update from a very uncompetitive intrastate matchup between Eastern Michigan and Michigan State. It seems the beating got into the Eagles' heads, as at one point the center forgot to snap the ball entirely.
Cops: Michigan State Football Recruit Body-Slammed Security Guard
WJBK in Detroit is reporting local star high school quarterback Jayru Campbell, a Cass Tech student committed to play at Michigan State, is in jail on charges related to his body slamming of a school security guard today. Cell phone video of the event doesn't appear to acquit the young man.
Mark Dantonio Wins 100th Rose Bowl, Picks Nose
Michigan State wins the Rose Bowl and Mark Dantonio gets a new contract that makes him one of the "three highest paid coaches in the Big 10"? There are worse days to get caught picking your nose on television.
A Three-Man Front Is A Late-Game Defensive Formation For Suckers
The weekend, as I watched the absurd denouement of the Northwestern-Michigan game, something struck me as familiar — beyond the now-routine bumblefuckery that inspires the Wildcats to turn fourth-quarter leads into triple-overtime losses. No, it wasn't simply that Michigan drove in the dregs of game clock to kick the…
A Defensive End Is Michigan State's Best Offense
Each week, Football Outsiders recognizes the most outstanding college linemen, defenders and other darkhorses from the previous weekend who are habitually overlooked in the hype for that other award (whatever it's called). These are the Lowsmen.


text:
VENUES BEST FOR Healthy Eating
- Tel: 0126620658
- Address: Ana Special Mall, Prince Sultan St
- Visit Website
Shababik is a lebanese restaurant located on the top floor of the Ana Special Mall just off Tahlia Street. The Restaurant is already a top hit in town, so be prepared to reserve well in advance on the weekends. The large open air terrace and authentic Lebanese cuisine makes Shababik a popular hang out spot […]
- Tel: 0126671110
- Address: Arafat Street
- Visit Website
Breaking Bread
Breaking Bread Jeddah is a lovely little deli on Arafat Street specialising in sandwiches and salads made to order. The decor is really quirky and has a trendy upmarket feel to it, almost as if located just off the Kings Road in London. But the best bit is the bread, they have baguettes and ciabattas […]
- Tel: 012 2630857
- Address: Abdulmaksoud Khojah Street
- Visit Website
Oasis Lebanese Restaurant
Oasis Lebanese Restaurant offers authentic Lebanese dishes along with a variety of western ones. The Restaurant accommodates both Families and Singles, and also has a large terrace overlooking Abdulmaksoud Khojah Street where Shisha is available. Oasis Lebanese Restaurant describe themselves as "Friendly and generous, our dishes, colorful and scented, reminding you of the smell of […]
Jeddah is gaining a reputation for its multi-cultural cuisines and if you are craving authentic South Indian cuisine, then you have landed at the right place Aryaas Jeddah is Located in the heart of Sharfiyah, on Siteen Street. Commonly also known as Lotus Plaza, it is right opposite the golden tulip Hotel. The ambiance while […]
- Tel: 126823515
- Address: Etoile, Malik Road
- Visit Website
Mugg & Bean
There was a time when making plans to have breakfast in Jeddah would not even cross your mind. However, with the changing weather and people following the concept of "breakfast should be your best meal of the day†and to add to all of that, the number of places either serving breakfast or being known […]
Al Danah at Green Island
Al Danah Green Island Jeddah is the opulent seafood restaurant in Green Island, located at the corniche. Being situated at the red sea makes dinner and view even more memorable. The restaurant has a huge lobby at the entrance decorated with fresh flowers and comfortable leather seats, which is connected to the main food hall. […]
- Tel: 126124204
- Address: Malek Road
- Visit Website
Wakame Lounge
Have you ever walked out of a restaurant having felt like you ate like a King, but still feeling light, fresh and healthy?! This is exactly the satisfaction that you will enjoy after an amazing experience at Wakame Lounge Jeddah on Malik Road. From the moment you walk in the first thing you notice is […]
- Tel: 012 6115947
- Address: Rawdah St
- Visit Website
Butcher Shop and Grill
Butcher Shop and Grill Jeddah has recently arrived after its successful ventures in Bahrain, Qatar, Kuwait and UAE. The infamously famous South African chain is located in Rawdah, just in front of the traffic signal opposite Rawdah Star Square. We had trouble finding the parking space, as there are 2 other restaurants sharing the space. […]
- Tel: 012 2754546
- Address: Stars Avenue Mall, Gate B
- Visit Website
AIDA Cafe Jeddah
AIDA Cafe Jeddah arrived relatively recently in the Stars Avenue Mall on Jeddah's Malek Road. The Restaurant and Cafe is sometimes spelled Aïda is a chain of over thirty four espresso bar and pastry shops from Vienna, Austria. In Jeddah, their 500 m² café flagship location has opened in the Rawdah District neighbouring Deera Cafe. […]
- Tel: TBC
- Address: Le Mall, Tahlia St
- Visit Website
Pizza Express
The six much-awaited restaurants at the Le Mall complex on Tahlia Street have finally opened their doors! And Jeddawians couldn't be happier, judging from the long waiting queues outside! Finding Pizza Express Jeddah relatively less crowded for lunch on the second day, we decided to give it a try. Was it a good decision to […]
- Tel: 012 26146837
- Address: Rawdah Star, Rawdah St
- Visit Website
Salad Boutique Express
Salad Boutique Express Jeddah has two locations in close proximity to Jeddah's shopping districts. One is at Jeddah Marina overlooking yachts and has a splendid view of the famous 'King Fahad Fountain' (aka Nafoura) sprouting magnificently from the Red Sea and another at the Rawdah Star complex beside Sushi Yoshi in Rawdah Street, Rawdah District. […]
- Tel: 012 606 2750
- Address: Astra Center, Tahlia St
- Visit Website
We've been hearing a lot about CookShop (tasting café), and finally got the chance to try it out this weekend. Originally Turkish, this is yet another restaurant that offers its customers a variety of foods on its menu. Located in Astra Centre, Tahlia Street, we had no trouble finding it nestled in a corner among […]
La Mer
Finally, there is a scrumptious seafood restaurant with a Middle Eastern twist. La Mer Restaurant Jeddah is a brand new Lebanese seafood restaurant! It serves exquisite, fresh, and delicious food that is perfectly cooked and well styled. It's perfectly located in Roshana Mall in Al Tahlia district which is one of the best and most […]
- Tel: 6065994
- Address: Prince Sultan Street
- Visit Website
As soon as I heard that the Courtyard was getting a new addition, Panjan Jeddah, I was already making my plans to go and check out the new place. The fact that it is an "Asian restaurant with an urban twist " made me even more eager. The city was missing places similar to the […]
- Tel: 6642388
- Address: Al-Rawdah Street
- Visit Website
Al Forn
I had passed by Al Forn on Al-Rawdah Street many a time, but never before eaten there. Recently, a couple of friends and I went there on a weeknight in search of a light dinner. My first impression of it actually formed before I even entered the restaurant. The aroma of hypothetically scrumptious food wafted […]
- Tel: 0555356519
- Address: Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Street
- Visit Website
Ajji Jeddah Restaurant is the epitome of fine dining Asian cuisine. It's in a building with large glass windows located on Prince Faisal Bin Fahad Street, a short distance from Jeddah's corniche. We went there for lunch and the sun was seeping through the windows illuminating the entire restaurant. It felt like we were in […]
- Tel: 012 6611000
- Address: Crowne Plaza Jeddah
- Visit Website
Sakura is Crowne Plaza Jeddah's signature Japanese Restaurant located at the ground floor of the Hotel and can be accessed independently from the main road, opening every day for both lunch and dinner. Offering a high quality selection of Japanese food prepared by the one of the best Chefs' in the Japanese Culinary world Chef […]
- Tel: 012 2614777
- Address: Omnia Centre, Rawdah St
- Visit Website
Shadow Lounge
I lived in Rawdah District for two months in Jeddah and just around the corner from where I was staying I discovered a fantastic little gem…called "Shadow Lounge" Well what a refreshing and pleasant surprise. They are open from 8:00 am – 1:00 am, breakfast, lunch and dinner. Free WiFi as well. I wanted to […]
- Tel: NA
- Address: Jeddah Equestrian Marina
- Visit Website
Yogette is one of Jeddah's latest frozen yoghurt (FroYo) cafes in the Equestrian Marina besides the Park Hyatt Jeddah. We dropped by during their soft opening and enjoyed both pomegranate and mango flavours of their FroYo each topped with four fresh fruit toppings. We also sampled the pomegranate bubble tea (made famous in the 1980s […]
- Tel: N/A
- Address: Red Sea Mall, Malek Road
- Visit Website
Pinkberry has been going global for a while now. After opening in 2005, the chain now has over 75 stores in the US and has gained great publicity from froyo-crazed celebrities. Pinkberry have finally arrived in Jeddah with the Red Sea Mall chosen for their flagship branch in the city. Having already acquired a taste […]


text:
See items selected especially for you. Shop recommendations.
Exclusive finds with a new theme each month.
Shop: Pop-In
Our director of creative projects shares what she's into.
Read More
Stay updated with a steady stream of new info.
A gleaming logo plate brands a classic sandal in lightly textured leather.
Watch the video: Shoe Fit Fundamentals


text:
when apimp teases 4 some booty
Why'd u let him play u like dat? U knew it was a damn booty call!
daddy j_101가 작성
2005년 01월 11일 (화)
when you are sitting down and your cell phone is in your back pocket, and when it rings-your butt answers the phone.
Someone: "I called you earlier, and you picked up, but i couldn't hear you talking...what was that?"
You: "Oh that? That must have been a bootycall."
You: "Oh that? That must have been a bootycall."
EllBrad가 작성
2006년 12월 30일 (토)
to give or recieve anything anally sexual.
Damn ryan gave me the finest booty call i've had in 3 yrs!
becca가 작성
2004년 12월 19일 (일)