text:
Partial Safety Analysis for a Reduced Uranium Enrichment Core for the High Flux Isotope Reactor
A computational model of the reactor core of the High Flux Isotope Rector (HFIR) was developed in order to analyze non-destructive accidents caused by transients during reactor operation. The reactor model was built for the latest version of the nuclear analysis software package called Program for the Analysis of Reactor Transients (PARET). Analyses performed with the model constructed were compared with previous data obtained with other tools in order to benchmark the code. Finally, the model was used to analyze the behavior of the reactor under transients using a different nuclear fuel with lower enrichment of uranium (LEU) than the fuel currently used, which has a high enrichment of uranium (HEU). The study shows that the presence of fertile isotopes in LEU fuel, which increases the neutron resonance absorption, reduces the impact of transients on the fuel and enhances the negative reactivity feedback, thus, within the limitations of this study, making LEU fuel appear to be a safe alternative fuel for the reactor core.
Primm, Trent [ORNL; Gehin, Jess C [ORNL
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
We are engaged in a research program in safety-critical computing that is based on two case studies. We use these case studies to provide application-specific details of the various research issues, and as targets for evaluation of research ideas. The first case study is the Magnetic Stereotaxis System (MSS), an investigational device for performing human neurosurgery being developed in a joint effort between the Department of Physics at the University of Virginia and the Department of Neurosurgery at the University of Iowa. The system operates by manipulating a small permanent magnet (known as a 'seed') within the brain using an externally applied magnetic field. By varying the magnitude and gradient of the external magnetic field, the seed can be moved along a non-linear path and positioned at a site requiring therapy, e.g., a tumor. The magnetic field required for movement through brain tissue is extremely high, and is generated by a set of six superconducting magnets located in a housing surrounding the patient's head. The system uses two X-ray cameras positioned at right angles to detect in real time the locations of the seed and of X-ray opaque markers affixed to the patient's skull. the X-ray images are used to locate the objects of interest in a canonical frame of reference. the second case study is the University of Virginia Research Nuclear Reactor (UVAR). It is a 2 MW thermal, concrete-walled pool reactor. The system operates using 20 to 25 plate-type fuel assemblies placed on a rectangular grid plate. There are three scramable safety rods, and one non-scramable regulating rod that can be put in automatic mode. It was originally constructed in 1959 as a 1 MW system, and it was upgraded to 2 MW in 1973. Though only a research reactor rather than a power reactor, the issues raised are significant and can be related to the problems faced by full-scale reactor systems.
Knight, John C.
To compare the treatment outcomes between accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) and conventional whole-breast irradiation (WBI) and to explore the efficacy and safety of APBI as an adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer who received breast-conserving therapy. Eligible studies were identified on Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library updated to July 10, 2012. Comparative studies were considered for inclusion. Analyses were carried out using Stata software. Eleven comparative studies with a total of 7,097 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that there were no statistically significant differences between group APBI and group WBI associated with the supraclavicular failure, distant metastasis, overall survival, and disease-free survival, while local recurrence (LR) and axillary failure (AF) increased in group APBI. The sensitivity analysis indicated that both the LR and AF were not statistically significant difference between the two groups. In the subgroup analysis, LR was statistically significantly higher in group APBI for patients with the age <60, large tumor size, and unknown margin status. APBI is a safe treatment modality and could become a potential option for the delivery of adjuvant radiation therapy in patients receiving breast-conserving therapy, especially for the suitable group that was classified by the American Society of Radiation Oncology Consensus Panel. PMID:24372818
Kong, Lingling; Cheng, Jian; Ding, Xiuping; Li, Baosheng; Zhang, Jian; Li, Hongsheng; Huang, Wei; Zhou, Tao; Sun, Hongfu
West side, oblique, partially hidden by trees, utility safety fence, ...
West side, oblique, partially hidden by trees, utility safety fence, and the deep shadow of the 1962 annex. View to northeast. - San Bernardino Valley College, Library, 701 South Mount Vernon Avenue, San Bernardino, San Bernardino County, CA
Partial pressure analysis of plasmas
The application of partial pressure analysis for plasma diagnostic measurements is reviewed. A comparison is made between the techniques of plasma flux analysis and partial pressure analysis for mass spectrometry of plasmas. Emphasis is given to the application of quadrupole mass spectrometers (QMS). The interface problems associated with the coupling of a QMS to a plasma device are discussed including: differential-pumping requirements, electromagnetic interferences from the plasma environment, the detection of surface-active species, ion source interactions, and calibration procedures. Example measurements are presented from process monitoring of glow discharge plasmas which are useful for cleaning and conditioning vacuum vessels.
Dylla, H.F.
Finding safety in partially controllable chaotic systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Many discrete-time dynamical systems have a region Q from which all or almost all trajectories leave, or at least they leave in the presence of perturbations that we call disturbances. We partially control systems so that despite disturbances the trajectories of a dynamical system stay in the region Q at least for some initial points in Q. The disturbances can be thought of as either noise or as purposeful, hostile efforts of an enemy to drive the trajectory out of the region. Our goal is to keep trajectories inside Q despite the disturbances and our partial control of chaos method succeeds. Surprisingly this goal can be achieved with a control whose maximum allowable size is smaller than the maximum allowed disturbance. A fundamental step towards this goal is to compute a set called the safe set that had, until now, been found only in certain very special situations. This paper provides a general algorithm for computing safe sets. The algorithm is able to compute the safe sets for a specified region in phase space, the maximum disturbance value, and the maximum allowed control. We call it the Sculpting Algorithm. Its operation is analogous to removing material while sculpting a statue. The algorithm sculpts the safe sets. Our Sculpting Algorithm is independent of the dimension and is fast for one- and two-dimensional dynamical systems. As examples, we apply the algorithm to two paradigmatic nonlinear dynamical systems, namely, the H�non map and the Duffing oscillator.
Sabuco, Juan; Zambrano, Samuel; Sanju�n, Miguel A. F.; Yorke, James A.
Partial truths in the pursuit of patient safety
The paper explores several issues in the form of partial truths that dominate current thinking as investigators continue their pursuit of patient safety. Among the partial truths examined�cast as bipolar orientations�are evidence-based medicine versus quality improvement, �knowledge in the head� versus �knowledge in the world�, sharp end versus blunt end, reporting systems versus local knowledge, changing beliefs versus changing behaviour
Kerm Henriksen
Partial-Equilibrium Welfare Analysis
The use of partial equilibrium models is common, and, typically, efficiency is characterized by maximizing consumer plus producer surplus (or, sometimes, gross consumer surplus). The analysis appeals-implicitly or explicitly-to the concept of efficiency derived from general equilibrium models. Using the tax-reform methodology, it is shown in a simple general equilibrium model that, if the second-best outcome is not the first-best
Charles Blackorby
Integrated Safety Analysis Tiers
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Commercial partnerships and organizational constraints, combined with complex systems, may lead to division of hazard analysis across organizations. This division could cause important hazards to be overlooked, causes to be missed, controls for a hazard to be incomplete, or verifications to be inefficient. Each organization s team must understand at least one level beyond the interface sufficiently enough to comprehend integrated hazards. This paper will discuss various ways to properly divide analysis among organizations. The Ares I launch vehicle integrated safety analyses effort will be utilized to illustrate an approach that addresses the key issues and concerns arising from multiple analysis responsibilities.
Shackelford, Carla; McNairy, Lisa; Wetherholt, Jon
Safety analysis and review system
Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) has developed a comprehensive Safety Analysis and Review System that satisfies Department of Energy safety analysis report requirements. This system consists of interrelated criteria for hazard classification, risk assessment, selection of Safety Class Items (SCIs), and selection of Operational Safety Requirements (OSRs). The system provides input for design decisions at appropriate project milestones as required by the life cycle of a project. The criteria used for selection in hazard classification, risk assessment, Safety Class Items (SCI) identification, and Operational Safety Requirement (OSR) identification are the subject of this paper.
Hallinan, E.J.; Donner, E.B.; Low, J.M.; Cowen, M.L.; Stephens, K.W.; Waltz, W.R.; Kim, K.S.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
System safety analysis techniques are well established and are used extensively during the design of safety-critical systems. Despite this, most of the techniques are highly subjective and dependent on the skill of the practitioner. Since these analyses are usually based on an informal system model, it is unlikely that they will be complete, consistent, and error free. In fact, the lack of precise models of the system architecture and its failure modes often forces the safety analysts to devote much of their effort to gathering architectural details about the system behavior from several sources and embedding this information in the safety artifacts such as the fault trees. This report describes Model-Based Safety Analysis, an approach in which the system and safety engineers share a common system model created using a model-based development process. By extending the system model with a fault model as well as relevant portions of the physical system to be controlled, automated support can be provided for much of the safety analysis. We believe that by using a common model for both system and safety engineering and automating parts of the safety analysis, we can both reduce the cost and improve the quality of the safety analysis. Here we present our vision of model-based safety analysis and discuss the advantages and challenges in making this approach practical.
Joshi, Anjali; Heimdahl, Mats P. E.; Miller, Steven P.; Whalen, Mike W.
Integrated Safety Analysis Teams
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Today's complex systems require understanding beyond one person s capability to comprehend. Each system requires a team to divide the system into understandable subsystems which can then be analyzed with an Integrated Hazard Analysis. The team must have both specific experiences and diversity of experience. Safety experience and system understanding are not always manifested in one individual. Group dynamics make the difference between success and failure as well as the difference between a difficult task and a rewarding experience. There are examples in the news which demonstrate the need to connect the pieces of a system into a complete picture. The Columbia disaster is now a standard example of a low consequence hazard in one part of the system; the External Tank is a catastrophic hazard cause for a companion subsystem, the Space Shuttle Orbiter. The interaction between the hardware, the manufacturing process, the handling, and the operations contributed to the problem. Each of these had analysis performed, but who constituted the team which integrated this analysis together? This paper will explore some of the methods used for dividing up a complex system; and how one integration team has analyzed the parts. How this analysis has been documented in one particular launch space vehicle case will also be discussed.
Wetherholt, Jonathan C.
Introduction: Just as the aviation system is complex and interrelated, so is aviation safety. Aviation safety involves design of aircraft and airports, training of ground personnel and flight crew members' maintenance of ...
Ausrotas, Raymond A.
Safety evaluation, Proximate analysis,
Objective: The aim of the study was to have bio-analytical approach for detoxification process of two poisonous plant materials viz. Aconitum laciniatum (root) and Abrus precatorius (seed) which are used in Ayurvedic preparations. Materials and Methods: For both the species proximate analysis was carried out. For the same plants HPTLC fingerprinting was compared, before and after detoxification process, using triphala quath. Infra red spectral studies for Abrus precatorius species (red and white) were compared, with respect to detoxification process. Protein fingerprinting was carried out for various Aconitum species available in the market. In support of the results obtained from the above methods for detoxification, safety evaluation, post single dose administration, C1- post single dose administration]was done using albino mice as the study model for Aconitum laciniatum (root) and Abrus precatorius (seeds- red and white). Outcome Measures: Comparison of the results for the crude poisonous
S. P. Bapat; R. T. Sane; Aconitum Laciniatum; Abrus Precatorius; Aconitum Palmatum; Aconitum Heterophyllum; R. T. Sane
System safety engineering analysis handbook
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The basic requirements and guidelines for the preparation of System Safety Engineering Analysis are presented. The philosophy of System Safety and the various analytic methods available to the engineering profession are discussed. A text-book description of each of the methods is included.
Ijams, T. E.
This document provides the documented safety analysis (DSA) and Central Plateau Remediation Project (CP) requirements that apply to surveillance and maintenance (S&M) activities at the 221-B Canyon Building and ancillary support structures (B Plant). The document replaces BHI-010582, Documented Safety Analysis for the B-Plant Facility. The B Plant is non-operational, deactivated and undergoing long term S&M prior to decontamination and decommissioning (D&D). This DSA is compliant with 10 CFR 830, Nuclear Safety Management, Subpart B, ''Safety Basis Requirements.'' The DSA was developed in accordance with U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) standard DOE-STD-1120-98, Integration of Environment, Safety, and Health into Facility Disposition Activities (DOE 1998) per Table 2 of 10 CFR 830 Appendix A, DOE Richland Operation Office (RL) direction (02-ABD-0053, Fluor Hanford Nuclear Safety Basis Strategy and Criteria) for facilities in long term S&M, and RL Direction (02-ABD-0091, ''FHI Nuclear Safety Expectations for Nuclear Facilities in Surveillance and Maintenance''). A crosswalk was prepared to identify potential inconsistencies between the previous B Plant safety analysis and DOE-STD-1120-98 guidance. In general, the safety analysis met the criteria of DOE-STD-1120-98. Some format and content changes have been made, including incorporating recent facility modifications and updating the evaluation guidelines and control selection criteria in accordance with RL direction (02-ABD-0053). The facility fire hazard analysis (FHA) and Technical Safety Requirements (TSR) are appended to this DSA as an aid to the users, to minimize editorial redundancy, and to provide an efficient basis for update.
Partial Wave Analysis using Graphics Cards
Partial wave analysis is a key technique in hadron spectroscopy. The use of unbinned likelihood fits on large statistics data samples and ever more complex physics models makes this analysis technique computationally very expensive. Parallel computing techniques, in particular the use of graphics processing units, are a powerful means to speed up analyses; in the contexts of the BES III, Compass and GlueX experiments, parallel analysis frameworks have been created. They provide both fits that are faster by more than two orders of magnitude than legacy code and environments to quickly program and run an analysis. This in turn allows the physicists to focus on the many difficult open problems pertaining to partial wave analysis.
Niklaus Berger
49 CFR 229.307 - Safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE SAFETY STANDARDS Locomotive Electronics � 229.307 Safety analysis. (a) A railroad shall develop a Safety Analysis (SA) for each product subject...
49 CFR 229.307 - Safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD LOCOMOTIVE SAFETY STANDARDS Locomotive Electronics � 229.307 Safety analysis. (a) A railroad shall develop a Safety Analysis (SA) for each product subject...
Statistical analysis of partial discharge data
Recently, considerable efforts were deployed at Hydro-Quebec to retrieve all partial discharge (PD) files recorded with the PDA-H instrument over the last 25 years and which were scattered all over in plant computers. These initial raw data files have been centralized on a corporate computer, where all new measurements are now systematically saved. The statistical analysis of the first 10000
M. Belec; C. Hudon; D. N. Nguyen
A Primer on Partial Wave Analysis
In the 90s of the last century high statistics experiments with fully equipped 4$\\pi$ detectors have lead to a better insight in the spectrum of hadrons. In particular the finding of crypto-exotic and $J^{PC}$ exotic states tremendously improved the experimental situation in meson spectroscopy. All this was possible only with sophisticated analysis methods like the decomposition of measured phase-space distribution into partial waves and to express the partial waves in terms of complicated dynamical functions. This paper gives an introduction about the concepts and formalisms involved.
Klaus Peters
Partial wave analysis using graphics processing units
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Partial wave analysis is an important tool for determining resonance properties in hadron spectroscopy. For large data samples however, the un-binned likelihood fits employed are computationally very expensive. At the Beijing Spectrometer (BES) III experiment, an increase in statistics compared to earlier experiments of up to two orders of magnitude is expected. In order to allow for a timely analysis of these datasets, additional computing power with short turnover times has to be made available. It turns out that graphics processing units (GPUs) originally developed for 3D computer games have an architecture of massively parallel single instruction multiple data floating point units that is almost ideally suited for the algorithms employed in partial wave analysis. We have implemented a framework for tensor manipulation and partial wave fits called GPUPWA. The user writes a program in pure C++ whilst the GPUPWA classes handle computations on the GPU, memory transfers, caching and other technical details. In conjunction with a recent graphics processor, the framework provides a speed-up of the partial wave fit by more than two orders of magnitude compared to legacy FORTRAN code.
Berger, Niklaus; Beijiang, Liu; Jike, Wang
Adapting safety requirements analysis to intrusion detection
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Several requirements analysis techniques widely used in safety-critical systems are being adapted to support the analysis of secure systems. Perhaps the most relevant system safety techique for Intrusion Detection Systems is hazard analysis.
Lutz, R.
The purpose of this seismic preclosure safety analysis is to identify the potential seismically-initiated event sequences associated with preclosure operations of the repository at Yucca Mountain and assign appropriate design bases to provide assurance of achieving the performance objectives specified in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) 10 CFR Part 63 for radiological consequences. This seismic preclosure safety analysis is performed in support of the License Application for the Yucca Mountain Project. In more detail, this analysis identifies the systems, structures, and components (SSCs) that are subject to seismic design bases. This analysis assigns one of two design basis ground motion (DBGM) levels, DBGM-1 or DBGM-2, to SSCs important to safety (ITS) that are credited in the prevention or mitigation of seismically-initiated event sequences. An application of seismic margins approach is also demonstrated for SSCs assigned to DBGM-2 by showing a high confidence of a low probability of failure at a higher ground acceleration value, termed a beyond-design basis ground motion (BDBGM) level. The objective of this analysis is to meet the performance requirements of 10 CFR 63.111(a) and 10 CFR 63.111(b) for offsite and worker doses. The results of this calculation are used as inputs to the following: (1) A classification analysis of SSCs ITS by identifying potential seismically-initiated failures (loss of safety function) that could lead to undesired consequences; (2) An assignment of either DBGM-1 or DBGM-2 to each SSC ITS credited in the prevention or mitigation of a seismically-initiated event sequence; and (3) A nuclear safety design basis report that will state the seismic design requirements that are credited in this analysis. The present analysis reflects the design information available as of October 2004 and is considered preliminary. The evolving design of the repository will be re-evaluated periodically to ensure that seismic hazards are properly evaluated and identified. This document supersedes the seismic classifications, assignments, and computations in ''Seismic Analysis for Preclosure Safety'' (BSC 2004a).
E.N. Lindner
Job Safety Analysis College/Department/Unit
Job Safety Analysis (JSA) College/Department/Unit: Title of Job Activity: Oven Location of Activity and understanding the Job Safety Analysis: Date Name (Print) Signature #12;JSA # Page 3 Basic Job Steps Possible
Saskatchewan, University of
Reactivity parameters for safety analysis
The reactor core model in the most commonly used computer programs for safety analysis is a point kinetics model. The core average fission rate is calculated knowing the reactivity, neutron generation time and delayed-neutron parameters. The reactivity is a time dependent function taking account of the effect of changes in water density and temperature, fuel temperature, control rod position and soluble boron concentration. In this presentation some of the alternative ways of representing this reactivity function are reviewed.
Diamond, D.J.
On the Integration of Requirements Analysis and Safety Analysis for Safety-Critical Software
Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK Abstract Experience has shown that in computer based safety-critical systems, faults the validation of the formal model is performed. Keywords: safety-critical systems, requirements analysis, safety in the dependability of computer based safety-critical systems can be achieved by applying a detailed safety analysis
Newcastle upon Tyne, University of
Background The adoption of robotic assistance has contributed to the increased utilization of partial nephrectomy for the management of renal tumors. However, partial nephrectomy can be technically challenging because of intraoperative hemorrhage, which limits the ability to identify the tumor margin and may necessitate the conversion to open surgery or radical nephrectomy. To our knowledge, a comprehensive safety checklist does not exist to guide surgeons on the management of hemorrhage during robotic partial nephrectomy. We developed such an safety checklist based on the cumulative experiences of high volume robotic surgeons. Methods A treatment safety checklist for the management of hemorrhage during robotic partial nephrectomy was collaboratively developed based on prior experiences with intraoperative hemorrhage during robotic partial nephrectomy. Results Reducing the risk of hemorrhage during robotic partial nephrectomy begins with reviewing the preoperative imaging for renal vasculature and tumor anatomy, with a focus on accessory vessels and renal tumor proximity to the renal hilum. During hilar exposure, an attempt is made to identify additional accessory renal arteries. The decision is then made on whether to clamp the hilum (artery +/- vein). If bleeding is encountered during resection, management is based on whether the bleeding is suspected to be arterial or from venous backbleeding. Operative maneuvers that may increase the chance of success are highlighted in safety checklists for arterial and venous bleeding. Conclusions Safely performing robotic partial nephrectomy is dependent on attention to prevention of hemorrhage and rapid response to the challenge of intraoperative bleeding. Preparation is essential for maximizing the chance of success during robotic partial nephrectomy. PMID:22471921
Partial wave analysis of J/?\\to ???
Using $5.8 \\times 10^7 J/\\psi$ events collected in the BESII detector, the radiative decay $J/\\psi \\to \\gamma \\phi \\phi \\to \\gamma K^+ K^- K^0_S K^0_L$ is studied. The $\\phi\\phi$ invariant mass distribution exhibits a near-threshold enhancement that peaks around 2.24 GeV/$c^{2}$. A partial wave analysis shows that the structure is dominated by a $0^{-+}$ state ($\\eta(2225)$) with a mass of $2.24^{+0.03}_{-0.02}{}^{+0.03}_{-0.02}$ GeV/$c^{2}$ and a width of $0.19 \\pm 0.03^{+0.06}_{-0.04}$ GeV/$c^{2}$. The product branching fraction is: $Br(J/\\psi \\to \\gamma \\eta(2225))\\cdot Br(\\eta(2225)\\to \\phi\\phi) = (4.4 \\pm 0.4 \\pm 0.8)\\times 10^{-4}$.
BES Collaboration
10 CFR 70.62 - Safety program and integrated safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...and integrated safety analysis. (a) Safety program...management measures applied are graded commensurate...integrated safety analysis, and management measures...the integrated safety analysis, the licensee shall...61. The measures applied to a particular...
10 CFR 70.62 - Safety program and integrated safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...and integrated safety analysis. (a) Safety program...management measures applied are graded commensurate...integrated safety analysis, and management measures...the integrated safety analysis, the licensee shall...61. The measures applied to a particular...
10 CFR 70.62 - Safety program and integrated safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...and integrated safety analysis. (a) Safety program...management measures applied are graded commensurate...integrated safety analysis, and management measures...the integrated safety analysis, the licensee shall...61. The measures applied to a particular...
10 CFR 70.62 - Safety program and integrated safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...and integrated safety analysis. (a) Safety program...management measures applied are graded commensurate...integrated safety analysis, and management measures...the integrated safety analysis, the licensee shall...61. The measures applied to a particular...
The new BNL partial wave analysis programs
Experiment E852 at Brookhaven National Laboratory is a meson spectroscopy experiment which took data at the Multi-Particle Spectrometer facility of the Alternating Gradient Syncrotron. Upgrades to the spectrometer`s data acquisition and trigger electronics allowed over 900 million data events, of numerous topologies, to be recorded to tape in 1995 running alone. One of the primary goals of E852 is identification of states beyond the quark model, i.e., states with gluonic degrees of freedom. Identification of such states involves the measurement of a systems spin-parity. Such a measurement is usually done using Partial Wave Analysis. Programs to perform such analyses exist, in fact, one was written at BNL and used in previous experiments by some of this group. This program, however, was optimized for a particular final state, and modification to allow analysis of the broad range of final states in E852 would have been difficult. The authors therefore decided to write a new program, with an eye towards generality that would allow analysis of a large class of reactions.
Cummings, J.P.; Weygand, D.P.
The adaptive safety analysis and monitoring system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The Adaptive Safety Analysis and Monitoring (ASAM) system is a hybrid model-based software tool for assisting intelligence analysts to identify terrorist threats, to predict possible evolution of the terrorist activities, and to suggest strategies for countering terrorism. The ASAM system provides a distributed processing structure for gathering, sharing, understanding, and using information to assess and predict terrorist network states. In combination with counter-terrorist network models, it can also suggest feasible actions to inhibit potential terrorist threats. In this paper, we will introduce the architecture of the ASAM system, and discuss the hybrid modeling approach embedded in it, viz., Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) to detect and provide soft evidence on the states of terrorist network nodes based on partial and imperfect observations, and Bayesian networks (BNs) to integrate soft evidence from multiple HMMs. The functionality of the ASAM system is illustrated by way of application to the Indian Airlines Hijacking, as modeled from open sources.
Tu, Haiying; Allanach, Jeffrey; Singh, Satnam; Pattipati, Krishna R.; Willett, Peter
Solid waste burial grounds interim safety analysis
This Interim Safety Analysis document supports the authorization basis for the interim operation and restrictions on interim operations for the near-surface land disposal of solid waste in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds. The Solid Waste Burial Grounds Interim Safety Basis supports the upgrade progress for the safety analysis report and the technical safety requirements for the operations in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds. Accident safety analysis scenarios have been analyzed based on the significant events identified in the preliminary hazards analysis. The interim safety analysis provides an evaluation of the operations in the Solid Waste Burial Grounds to determine if the radiological and hazardous material exposures will be acceptable from an overall health and safety standpoint to the worker, the onsite personnel, the public, and the environment.
Saito, G.H.
Assuring the Quality of Safety Analyses and Safety Analysis Documentation
Planning, preparation, and submittal of safety analysis reports might be pursued in a manner similar to a quality-related procurement, where customer needs, expectations and acceptance criteria are established in advance. Then the product/service provider, the contractor, should apply various quality control processes to assure the desired characteristics of the product safety analysis documents. Improving the quality and acceptability to DOE of safety documents at first submittal should result in a more expeditious DOE review and approval process, thereby reducing costs of network and recycle through reviews.
Johnson, John Edwin
14 CFR 417.213 - Flight safety limits analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Flight safety limits analysis. 417.213 Section...TRANSPORTATION LICENSING LAUNCH SAFETY Flight Safety Analysis � 417.213 Flight safety limits analysis. (a) General....
14 CFR 417.213 - Flight safety limits analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Flight safety limits analysis. 417.213 Section...TRANSPORTATION LICENSING LAUNCH SAFETY Flight Safety Analysis � 417.213 Flight safety limits analysis. (a) General....
14 CFR 417.213 - Flight safety limits analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Flight safety limits analysis. 417.213 Section...TRANSPORTATION LICENSING LAUNCH SAFETY Flight Safety Analysis � 417.213 Flight safety limits analysis. (a) General....
14 CFR 417.213 - Flight safety limits analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Flight safety limits analysis. 417.213 Section...TRANSPORTATION LICENSING LAUNCH SAFETY Flight Safety Analysis � 417.213 Flight safety limits analysis. (a) General....
Plutonium Uranium Extraction Facility Documented Safety Analysis
This document provides the documented safety analysis (DSA) and Central Plateau Remediation Project (CP) requirements that apply to surveillance and maintenance (S&M) activities at the Plutonium-Uranium Extraction (PUREX) facility. This DSA was developed in accordance with DOE-STD-1120-98, ''Integration of Environment, Safety, and Health into Facility Disposition Activities''. Upon approval and implementation of this document, the current safety basis documents will be retired.
Safety analysis of Hawk In Flight monitor
The development of a military safety critical system has many facets, one of which is the collecting of evidence that can be used to assist the production of the safety case necessary for certification of a system into military use. Within the certification process, static analysis is required by the UK Ministry of Defence to provide evidence of a systems
Liz Whiting; Mike Hill
Safety Analysis of Hawk in Flight Monitor
The development of a military safety critical system has many facets, one of which is the collecting of evidence that can be used to assist the production of the safety case necessary for certification of a system into military use. Within the certification process, static analysis is required by the UK Ministry of Defence to provide evidence of a systems
Liz Whiting; Mike Hill
The purpose of the Hanford Safety Analysis and Risk Assessment Handbook (SARAH) is to support the development of safety basis documentation for Hazard Category 2 and 3 (HC-2 and 3) U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) nuclear facilities to meet the requirements of 10 CFR 830, ''Nuclear Safety Management''. Subpart B, ''Safety Basis Requirements.'' Consistent with DOE-STD-3009-94, Change Notice 2, ''Preparation Guide for U.S. Department of Energy Nonreactor Nuclear Facility Documented Safety Analyses'' (STD-3009), and DOE-STD-3011-2002, ''Guidance for Preparation of Basis for Interim Operation (BIO) Documents'' (STD-3011), the Hanford SARAH describes methodology for performing a safety analysis leading to development of a Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) and derivation of Technical Safety Requirements (TSR), and provides the information necessary to ensure a consistently rigorous approach that meets DOE expectations. The DSA and TSR documents, together with the DOE-issued Safety Evaluation Report (SER), are the basic components of facility safety basis documentation. For HC-2 or 3 nuclear facilities in long-term surveillance and maintenance (S&M), for decommissioning activities, where source term has been eliminated to the point that only low-level, residual fixed contamination is present, or for environmental remediation activities outside of a facility structure, DOE-STD-1120-98, ''Integration of Environment, Safety, and Health into Facility Disposition Activities'' (STD-1120), may serve as the basis for the DSA. HC-2 and 3 environmental remediation sites also are subject to the hazard analysis methodologies of this standard.
This paper addresses the two-agent safety control problem for piecewise continuous systems with disturbances and imperfect state information. In particular, we focus on a class of systems that evolve on a partial order and ...
Hafner, Michael R.
Development of partial failure analysis method in probability risk assessments
This paper presents a new approach to evaluate the partial failure effect on current Probability Risk Assessments (PRAs). An integrated methodology of the thermal-hydraulic analysis and fuzzy logic simulation using the Dynamic Master Logic Diagram (DMLD) was developed. The thermal-hydraulic analysis used in this approach is to identify partial operation effect of any PRA system function in a plant model. The DMLD is used to simulate the system performance of the partial failure effect and inspect all minimal cut sets of system functions. This methodology can be applied in the context of a full scope PRA to reduce core damage frequency. An example of this application of the approach is presented. The partial failure data used in the example is from a survey study of partial failure effects from the Nuclear Plant Reliability Data System (NPRDS).
Ni, T. [Halliburton NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Modarres, M. [Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Center for Reliability Engineering
Generalizations of the Partial, Part and Bipartial Canonical Correlation Analysis.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Two generalizations of canonical correlational analysis are developed. The partial, part, and bipartial canonical correlation coefficients are shown to be special cases of the generalization. Illustrative examples are provided. (Author/JKS)
Lee, Sik-Yum
The mathematics behind the techniques of principal component analysis and partial least squares regression is presented in detail, starting from the appropriate extreme conditions. he meaning of the resultant vectors and many of their mathematical interrelationships are also pres...
A Synthetic Vision Preliminary Integrated Safety Analysis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This report documents efforts to analyze a sample of aviation safety programs, using the LMI-developed integrated safety analysis tool to determine the change in system risk resulting from Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) technology implementation. Specifically, we have worked to modify existing system safety tools to address the safety impact of synthetic vision (SV) technology. Safety metrics include reliability, availability, and resultant hazard. This analysis of SV technology is intended to be part of a larger effort to develop a model that is capable of "providing further support to the product design and development team as additional information becomes available". The reliability analysis portion of the effort is complete and is fully documented in this report. The simulation analysis is still underway; it will be documented in a subsequent report. The specific goal of this effort is to apply the integrated safety analysis to SV technology. This report also contains a brief discussion of data necessary to expand the human performance capability of the model, as well as a discussion of human behavior and its implications for system risk assessment in this modeling environment.
Hemm, Robert; Houser, Scott
14 CFR 35.15 - Safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: PROPELLERS Design and Construction � 35.15 Safety analysis...and previous experience combined with sound design and test philosophies. (b) If...
14 CFR 35.15 - Safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: PROPELLERS Design and Construction � 35.15 Safety analysis...and previous experience combined with sound design and test philosophies. (b) If...
14 CFR 35.15 - Safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: PROPELLERS Design and Construction � 35.15 Safety analysis...and previous experience combined with sound design and test philosophies. (b) If...
14 CFR 35.15 - Safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
...ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: PROPELLERS Design and Construction � 35.15 Safety analysis...and previous experience combined with sound design and test philosophies. (b) If...
Satellite System Safety Analysis Using STPA
Traditional hazard analysis techniques based on failure models of accident causality, such as the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) method currently used at NASA, are inadequate for analyzing safety at the system level. ...
Dunn, Nicholas Connor
Using Addenda in Documented Safety Analysis Reports
This paper discusses the use of addenda to the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) located at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Addenda were prepared for several systems and processes at the facility that lacked adequate descriptive information and hazard analysis in the DSA. They were also prepared for several new activities involving unreviewed safety questions (USQs). Ten addenda to the RWMC DSA have been prepared since the last annual update.
Douglas S. Swanson; Michael A. Thieme
Using Addenda in Documented Safety Analysis Reports
This paper discusses the use of addenda to the Radioactive Waste Management Complex (RWMC) Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) located at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). Addenda were prepared for several systems and processes at the facility that lacked adequate descriptive information and hazard analysis in the DSA. They were also prepared for several new activities involving unreviewed safety questions (USQs). Ten addenda to the RWMC DSA have been prepared since the last annual update.
Swanson, D.S.; Thieme, M.A.
Autoclave nuclear criticality safety analysis
Steam-heated autoclaves are used in gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment plants to heat large cylinders of UF{sub 6}. Nuclear criticality safety for these autoclaves is evaluated. To enhance criticality safety, systems are incorporated into the design of autoclaves to limit the amount of water present. These safety systems also increase the likelihood that any UF{sub 6} inadvertently released from a cylinder into an autoclave is not released to the environment. Up to 140 pounds of water can be held up in large autoclaves. This mass of water is sufficient to support a nuclear criticality when optimally combined with 125 pounds of UF{sub 6} enriched to 5 percent U{sup 235}. However, water in autoclaves is widely dispersed as condensed droplets and vapor, and is extremely unlikely to form a critical configuration with released UF{sub 6}.
D`Aquila, D.M. [Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Piketon, OH (United States); Tayloe, R.W. Jr. [Battelle, Columbus, OH (United States)
In 1995 Mr. Joseph DiNunno of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board issued an approach to describe the concept of an integrated safety management program which incorporates hazard and safety analysis to address a multitude of hazards affecting the public, worker, property, and the environment. Since then the U S . Department of Energy (DOE) has adopted a policy to
Partial Wave Analysis of Coupled Photonic Structures
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The very high quality factors sustained by microcavity optical resonators are relevant to applications in wavelength filtering, routing, switching, modulation, and multiplexing/demultiplexing. Increases in the density of photonic elements require that attention be paid to how electromagnetic (EM) coupling modifies their optical properties. This is especially true when cavity resonances are involved, in which case, their characteristics may be fundamentally altered. Understanding the optical properties of microcavities that are near or in contact with photonic elements---such as other microcavities, nanostructures, couplers, and substrates---can be expected to advance our understanding of the roles that these structures may play in VLSI photonics, biosensors and similar device technologies. Wc present results from recent theoretical studies of the effects of inter- and intracavity coupling on optical resonances in compound spherical particles. Concentrically stratified spheres and bispheres constituted from homogeneous and stratified spheres are subjects of this investigation. A new formulation is introduced for the absorption of light in an arbitrary layer of a multilayered sphere, which is based on multiple reflections of the spherical partial waves of the Lorenz-Mie solution for scattering by a sphere. Absorption efficiencies, which can be used to profile cavity resonances and to infer fluorescence yields or the onset of nonlinear optical processes in the microcavities, are presented. Splitting of resonances in these multisphere systems is paid particular attention, and consequences for photonic device development and possible performance enhancements through carefully designed architectures that exploit EM coupling are considered.
Fuller, Kirk A.; Smith, David D.; Curreri, Peter A. (Technical Monitor)
10 CFR 830.206 - Preliminary documented safety analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...preliminary documented safety analysis for the facility, and ...(1) The nuclear safety design criteria to be used in preparing...preliminary documented safety analysis unless the contractor uses the design criteria in DOE Order...
Uncertainty analysis for Ulysses safety evaluation report
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
As part of the effort to review the Ulysses Final Safety Analysis Report and to understand the risk of plutonium release from the Ulysses spacecraft General Purpose Heat Source-Radioisotope Thermal Generator, the Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel (INSRP) performed an integrated, quantitative analysis of the uncertainties of the calculated risk of plutonium release from Ulysses. Using state-of-art probabilistic risk assessment technology, the uncertainty analysis accounted for both variability and uncertainty of the key parameters of the risk analysis. The results show that INSRP had high confidence that risk of fatal cancers from potential plutonium release associated with calculated launch and deployment accident scenarios is low.
Frank, Michael V.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In Japan, the revision of the design codes to consider the performance design is advanced including the Specification of Highway Bridges in recent years. If an objective performance is shown as a limit state and its performance is shown by the amount of the probability, the performance design method is equal to the limit state design method. The limit state design method is the design method based on the structural reliability theory. The partial safety factors design method will be one of the standard methods because this design method is introduced in ISO2394. As for the partial safety factors design method, a decision of the value of the partial factors is a very important matter. This paper presents some correlation between partial safety factors and return period of input motions for the reliability design method. In this study, partial safety factors are calculated by a proposed method by authors which is to prepare several partial safety factors around the ones obtained from AFOSM method in advance. We check the correlation by designing a steel pier to withstand local buckling against a ground excitation.
Kitahara, Takeshi; Kajita, Yukihide; Kishi, Yusuke
Partial state routers: design, analysis and evaluation
Design Space 1. IPv4 Network Protocol Stack a. Socket Buffers ? sk buffs 2. QoS Support on Linux F. Design: Challenges and Choices G. Validation EXPERIMENTAL SETUP AND RESULTS A. Experimental Test Bed B. Containing Non-responsive Flows C. Web... Based Router LRU-FQ: Flow Chart 12 Markov Chain for Worst-case Analysis IPv4 Protocol Stack Implementation IP Forwarding in Linux 20 21 Linux Traflic Control Architecture 22 Timing Study of LRU-FQ Experimental Setup Effect of Non...
Achanta, Phani Gopal V
Safety Analysis of Safety-critical Software Based on UML Sequence Diagrams
(Abstract)Safety analysis is very important to the software system which matches the safety requirement. Based on the model of safety-critical software, this paper analyzes the existing safety analysis methods and UML modeling language in the applications of safety-critical software, proposes a new method of safety description against the weakness of UML modeling language, and sets up a model of ATP
HUANG Yi-jun; XU Zhong-wei
In 1995 Mr. Joseph DiNunno of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board issued an approach to describe the concept of an integrated safety management program which incorporates hazard and safety analysis to address a multitude of hazards affecting the public, worker, property, and the environment. Since then the U S . Department of Energy (DOE) has adopted a policy to systematically integrate safety into management and work practices at all levels so that missions can be completed while protecting the public, worker, and the environment. While the DOE and its contractors possessed a variety of processes for analyzing fire hazards at a facility, activity, and job; the outcome and assumptions of these processes have not always been consistent for similar types of hazards within the safety analysis and the fire hazard analysis. Although the safety analysis and the fire hazard analysis are driven by different DOE Orders and requirements, these analyses should not be entirely independent and their preparation should be integrated to ensure consistency of assumptions, consequences, design considerations, and other controls. Under the DOE policy to implement an integrated safety management system, identification of hazards must be evaluated and agreed upon to ensure that the public. the workers. and the environment are protected from adverse consequences. The DOE program and contractor management need a uniform, up-to-date reference with which to plan. budget, and manage nuclear programs. It is crucial that DOE understand the hazards and risks necessarily to authorize the work needed to be performed. If integrated safety management is not incorporated into the preparation of the safety analysis and the fire hazard analysis, inconsistencies between assumptions, consequences, design considerations, and controls may occur that affect safety. Furthermore, confusion created by inconsistencies may occur in the DOE process to grant authorization of the work. In accordance with the integrated safety management system approach for having a uniform and consistent process: a method has been suggested by the U S . Department of Energy at Richland and the Project Hanford Procedures when fire hazard analyses and safety analyses are required. This process provides for a common basis approach in the development of the fire hazard analysis and the safety analysis. This process permits the preparers of both documents to jointly participate in the development of the hazard analysis process. This paper presents this method to implement the integrated safety management approach in the development of the fire hazard analysis and safety analysis that provides consistency of assumptions. consequences, design considerations, and other controls necessarily to protect workers, the public. and the environment.
Statistical approach to partial equilibrium analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A statistical approach to market equilibrium and efficiency analysis is proposed in this paper. One factor that governs the exchange decisions of traders in a market, named willingness price, is highlighted and constitutes the whole theory. The supply and demand functions are formulated as the distributions of corresponding willing exchange over the willingness price. The laws of supply and demand can be derived directly from these distributions. The characteristics of excess demand function are analyzed and the necessary conditions for the existence and uniqueness of equilibrium point of the market are specified. The rationing rates of buyers and sellers are introduced to describe the ratio of realized exchange to willing exchange, and their dependence on the market price is studied in the cases of shortage and surplus. The realized market surplus, which is the criterion of market efficiency, can be written as a function of the distributions of willing exchange and the rationing rates. With this approach we can strictly prove that a market is efficient in the state of equilibrium.
Wang, Yougui; Stanley, H. E.
Partial analysis of experiment LDEF A-0114
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Due to delays in manifesting the return of the Long Duration Exposure Facility from space, attention was concentrated on extracting the maximum information from the EIOM-2 (oxygen interaction with materials experiment) flown on STS-8 in September 1983. An analysis was made of the optical surfaces exposed during that flight and an assessment made of the effect of the 5 eV atomic oxygen upon their physical and chemical properties. The surfaces studied were of two types: high-purity thin films sputtered or evaporated onto 2.54-cm diam lambda/20 fused silica optical flats, and highly polished bulk samples. Rapid etching of carbon and carbonaceous surfaces was observed with polycarbonate CR-39 showing the largest etch of any substrate flown and measured. Of the metals tested, only osmium and silver showed large effects, the former being heavily etched and the later forming a very thick layer of oxide. The first measurable effects on iridium, aluminum, nickel, tungsten and niobium thin films are reported.
Gregory, J. C.
K West integrated water treatment system subproject safety analysis document
This Accident Analysis evaluates unmitigated accident scenarios, and identifies Safety Significant and Safety Class structures, systems, and components for the K West Integrated Water Treatment System.
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Safety Analysis Report
The following provides a summary of the specific issues addressed in this FY-95 Annual Update as they relate to the CH TRU safety bases: Executive Summary; Site Characteristics; Principal Design and Safety Criteria; Facility Design and Operation; Hazards and Accident Analysis; Derivation of Technical Safety Requirements; Radiological and Hazardous Material Protection; Institutional Programs; Quality Assurance; and Decontamination and Decommissioning. The System Design Descriptions`` (SDDS) for the WIPP were reviewed and incorporated into Chapter 3, Principal Design and Safety Criteria and Chapter 4, Facility Design and Operation. This provides the most currently available final engineering design information on waste emplacement operations throughout the disposal phase up to the point of permanent closure. Also, the criteria which define the TRU waste to be accepted for disposal at the WIPP facility were summarized in Chapter 3 based on the WAC for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant.`` This Safety Analysis Report (SAR) documents the safety analyses that develop and evaluate the adequacy of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Contact-Handled Transuranic Wastes (WIPP CH TRU) safety bases necessary to ensure the safety of workers, the public and the environment from the hazards posed by WIPP waste handling and emplacement operations during the disposal phase and hazards associated with the decommissioning and decontamination phase. The analyses of the hazards associated with the long-term (10,000 year) disposal of TRU and TRU mixed waste, and demonstration of compliance with the requirements of 40 CFR 191, Subpart B and 40 CFR 268.6 will be addressed in detail in the WIPP Final Certification Application scheduled for submittal in October 1996 (40 CFR 191) and the No-Migration Variance Petition (40 CFR 268.6) scheduled for submittal in June 1996. Section 5.4, Long-Term Waste Isolation Assessment summarizes the current status of the assessment.
The purpose of this analysis is to systematically identify and evaluate hazards related to the Yucca Mountain Project Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) Design Package 1D, Surface Facilities, (for a list of design items included in the package 1D system safety analysis see section 3). This process is an integral part of the systems engineering process; whereby safety is considered during planning, design, testing, and construction. A largely qualitative approach was used since a radiological System Safety analysis is not required. The risk assessment in this analysis characterizes the accident scenarios associated with the Design Package 1D structures/systems/components in terms of relative risk and includes recommendations for mitigating all identified risks. The priority for recommending and implementing mitigation control features is: (1) Incorporate measures to reduce risks and hazards into the structure/system/component (S/S/C) design, (2) add safety devices and capabilities to the designs that reduce risk, (3) provide devices that detect and warn personnel of hazardous conditions, and (4) develop procedures and conduct training to increase worker awareness of potential hazards, on methods to reduce exposure to hazards, and on the actions required to avoid accidents or correct hazardous conditions. The scope of this analysis is limited to the Design Package 1D structures/systems/components (S/S/Cs) during normal operations excluding hazards occurring during maintenance and ''off normal'' operations.
L.R. Eisler
Finite Mixture Partial Least Squares Analysis: Methodology and Numerical Examples
In wide range of applications for empirical data analysis, the assumption that data is collected from a single homogeneous population is often unrealistic. In particular, the identification of different groups of consumers and their appropriate consideration in partial least squares (PLS) path modeling constitutes a critical issue in marketing. In this work, we introduce a finite mixture PLS software implementation
Christian M. Ringle; Sven Wende; Alexander Will
Partial-body biodosimetry is likely to be required after a radiological or nuclear exposure. Clinical signs and symptoms, distribution of dicentrics in circulating blood cells, organ-specific biomarkers, physical signals in teeth and nails all can provide indications of non-homogeneous exposures. Organ specific biomarkers may provide early warning regarding physiological systems at risk after radiation injury. Use of a combination of markers and symptoms will be needed for clinical insights for therapeutic approaches. Analysis of dicentrics, a marker specific for radiation injury, is the �Gold standard� of biodosimetry and can reveal partial-body exposures. Automation of sample processing for dicentric analysis can increase throughput with customization of off-the-shelf technologies for cytogenetic sample processing and information management. Automated analysis of the metaphase spreads is currently limited but improvements are in development. Our efforts bridge the technological gaps to allow the use of dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) for risk-based stratification of mass casualties. This article summarizes current knowledge on partial-body cytogenetic dose assessment synthesizing information leading to the proposal of an approach to triage dose prediction in radiation mass casualties, based on equivalent whole-body doses under partial-body exposure conditions and assesses the validity of using this model. An initial screening using only 20 metaphase spreads per subject can confirm irradiation above 2-Gy. A subsequent increase to 50 metaphases improves dose determination to allow risk stratification for clinical triage. Metaphases evaluated for inhomogeneous distribution of dicentrics can reveal partial-body exposures. We tested the validity of this approach in an in vitro model that simulates partial-body irradiation by mixing irradiated and un-irradiated lymphocytes in various proportions. Our preliminary results support the notion that this approach will be effective under a range of conditions including some partial-body exposures, but may have limitations with low doses or small proportions of irradiated body. Our studies address an important problem in the diagnosis of partial-body irradiation and dose assessment in mass casualties and propose a solution. However, additional work is needed to fully develop and validate the application of DCA to partial-body exposures. PMID:20065689
Moroni, Maria; Pellmar, Terry C.
The adaptive safety analysis and monitoring system
The Adaptive Safety Analysis and Monitoring (ASAM) system is a hybrid model-based software tool for assisting intelligence analysts to identify terrorist threats, to predict possible evolution of the terrorist activities, and to suggest strategies for countering terrorism. The ASAM system provides a distributed processing structure for gathering, sharing, understanding, and using information to assess and predict terrorist network states. In
Haiying Tu; Jeffrey Allanach; Satnam Singh; Krishna R. Pattipati; Peter Willett
Safety analysis review terms of reference
This document has been prepared to suggest procedures and items for consideration in the review of safety analysis prepared on DOE fossil energy conversion and technology development projects. It is not intended to reflect official DOE policy. It does, however, provide a basis for consistency in conducting reviews, especially with regard to interpreting levels of risk. Since many of the persons assigned to review panels are not expected to be safety analysts but specialists in related fields such as industrial hygiene and environmental science, this document is intended to provide general terms of reference to facilitate review procedures.
Hurley, T.
COLD-SAT feasibility study safety analysis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The Cryogenic On-orbit Liquid Depot-Storage, Acquisition, and Transfer (COLD-SAT) satellite presents some unique safety issues. The feasibility study conducted at NASA-Lewis desired a systems safety program that would be involved from the initial design in order to eliminate and/or control the inherent hazards. Because of this, a hazards analysis method was needed that: (1) identified issues that needed to be addressed for a feasibility assessment; and (2) identified all potential hazards that would need to be controlled and/or eliminated during the detailed design phases. The developed analysis method is presented as well as the results generated for the COLD-SAT system.
Mchenry, Steven T.; Yost, James M.
Computer graphics in reactor safety analysis
This paper describes a family of three computer graphics codes designed to assist the analyst in three areas: the modelling of complex three-dimensional finite element models of reactor structures; the interpretation of computational results; and the reporting of the results of numerical simulations. The purpose and key features of each code are presented. The graphics output used in actual safety analysis are used to illustrate the capabilities of each code. 5 refs., 10 figs.
Fiala, C.; Kulak, R.F.
Light-water reactor safety analysis codes
A brief review of the evolution of light-water reactor safety analysis codes is presented. Included is a summary comparison of the technical capabilities of major system codes. Three recent codes are described in more detail to serve as examples of currently used techniques. Example comparisons between calculated results using these codes and experimental data are given. Finally, a brief evaluation of current code capability and future development trends is presented.
Jackson, J.F.; Ransom, V.H.; Ybarrondo, L.J.; Liles, D.R.
Retigabine (RTG; international nonproprietary name)/ezogabine (EZG; US adopted name) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) that prolongs neuronal voltage-gated potassium-channel KCNQ2-5 (Kv 7.2-7.5) opening. This double-blind study evaluated different RTG/EZG dose-titration rates. Patients (N=73) with partial-onset seizures receiving concomitant AEDs were randomized to one of three titration groups, all of which were initiated at RTG/EZG 300mg/day divided into three equal doses. Fast-, medium-, and slow-titration groups received dose increments of 150mg/day every 2, 4, and 7 days, respectively, achieving the target dose of 1200mg/day after 13, 25, and 43 days, respectively. Safety assessments were performed throughout. Discontinuation rates due to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were numerically higher in the fast- (10/23) and medium- (7/22) titration groups than in the slow-titration group (3/23) but statistical significance was achieved only for the high-titration group compared with the low-titration group (p=0.024). Stratified analysis, with concomitant AEDs divided into enzyme inducers (carbamazepine, phenytoin, oxcarbazepine) or noninducers, showed that the risk of discontinuation due primarily to TEAEs was significantly higher in the fast- (p=0.010) but not in the medium-titration group (p=0.078) when compared with the slow-titration group. Overall, the slow-titration rate appeared to be best tolerated and was used in further efficacy and safety studies with RTG/EZG. PMID:24094693
Biton, Victor; Gil-Nagel, Antonio; Brodie, Martin J; Derossett, Sarah E; Nohria, Virinder
Statistical safety analysis of maintenance management process of excavator units
Within this paper, the process of statistical safety analysis has been presented, which involves the following steps: formulation\\u000a of basic principles of statistical safety analysis, initial events analysis, accident sceneries progress analysis, risk calculation,\\u000a and risk calculation results analysis. On this basis, it has been concluded that the bucket wheel excavator SRs 1200�24\\/4�0(400\\u000a kW)+VR safety criteria is the mechanism for
Ljubisa Papic; Milorad Pantelic; Joseph Aronov; Ajit Kumar Verma
On ship systems multi-state safety analysis
A multi-state approach to defining basic notions of the system safety analysis is proposed. A system safety function and a system risk function are defined. A basic safety structure of a multi-state series system of components with degrading safety states is defined. For this system the multi-state safety function is determined. The proposed approach is applied to the evaluation of
P. Dziula; M. Jurdzinski; K. Kolowrocki; J. Soszynska
Partial wave analysis of J\\/psi-->pp�pi0
Using a sample of 58 million J\\/psi events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC, more than 100 000 J\\/psi-->pp�pi0 events are selected, and a detailed partial wave analysis is performed. The branching fraction is determined to be Br(J\\/psi-->pp�pi0)=(1.33�0.02�0.11)�10-3. A long-sought missing N*, first observed in J\\/psi-->pn�pi-, is observed in this decay too, with mass and width of 2040-4+3�25MeV\\/c2
M. Ablikim; J. Z. Bai; Y. Bai; Y. Ban; X. Cai; H. F. Chen; H. S. Chen; H. X. Chen; J. C. Chen; X. D. Chen; Y. B. Chen; Y. P. Chu; Y. S. Dai; Z. Y. Deng; S. X. Du; J. Fang; C. D. Fu; C. S. Gao; Y. N. Gao; S. D. Gu; Y. T. Gu; Y. N. Guo; Z. J. Guo; F. A. Harris; K. L. He; M. He; Y. K. Heng; H. M. Hu; T. Hu; G. S. Huang; X. T. Huang; Y. P. Huang; X. B. Ji; X. S. Jiang; J. B. Jiao; D. P. Jin; S. Jin; G. Li; H. B. Li; J. Li; L. Li; R. Y. Li; S. M. Li; W. D. Li; W. G. Li; X. L. Li; X. N. Li; X. Q. Li; Y. F. Liang; B. J. Liu; C. X. Liu; Fang Liu; Feng Liu; H. M. Liu; J. P. Liu; H. B. Liu; Q. Liu; R. G. Liu; S. Liu; Z. A. Liu; F. Lu; G. R. Lu; J. G. Lu; C. L. Luo; F. C. Ma; H. L. Ma; Q. M. Ma; M. Q. A. Malik; Z. P. Mao; X. H. Mo; J. Nie; S. L. Olsen; R. G. Ping; N. D. Qi; J. F. Qiu; G. Rong; X. D. Ruan; L. Y. Shan; L. Shang; C. P. Shen; X. Y. Shen; H. Y. Sheng; H. S. Sun; S. S. Sun; Y. Z. Sun; Z. J. Sun; X. Tang; J. P. Tian; G. L. Tong; G. S. Varner; X. Wan; J. X. Wang; L. Wang; P. Wang; Y. F. Wang; Z. Wang; C. L. Wei; D. H. Wei; N. Wu; X. M. Xia; G. F. Xu; X. P. Xu; Y. Xu; M. L. Yan; H. X. Yang; M. Yang; Y. X. Yang; M. H. Ye; Y. X. Ye; C. X. Yu; C. Z. Yuan; Y. Yuan; Y. Zeng; B. X. Zhang; C. C. Zhang; D. H. Zhang; F. Zhang; H. Q. Zhang; H. Y. Zhang; J. W. Zhang; J. Y. Zhang; X. Y. Zhang; Y. Y. Zhang; Z. X. Zhang; Z. P. Zhang; D. X. Zhao; J. W. Zhao; M. G. Zhao; P. P. Zhao; Z. G. Zhao; B. Zheng; H. Q. Zheng; J. P. Zheng; Z. P. Zheng; B. Zhong; L. Zhou; K. J. Zhu; Q. M. Zhu; X. W. Zhu; Y. S. Zhu; Z. A. Zhu; Z. L. Zhu; B. A. Zhuang; B. S. Zou
Rankine bottoming cycle safety analysis. Final report
Vector Engineering Inc. conducted a safety and hazards analysis of three Rankine Bottoming Cycle Systems in public utility applications: a Thermo Electron system using Fluorinal-85 (a mixture of 85 mole % trifluoroethanol and 15 mole % water) as the working fluid; a Sundstrand system using toluene as the working fluid; and a Mechanical Technology system using steam and Freon-II as the working fluids. The properties of the working fluids considered are flammability, toxicity, and degradation, and the risks to both plant workers and the community at large are analyzed.
Lewandowski, G.A.
Mechanistic facility safety and source term analysis
A PC-based computer program was created for facility safety and source term analysis at Hanford The program has been successfully applied to mechanistic prediction of source terms from chemical reactions in underground storage tanks, hydrogen combustion in double contained receiver tanks, and proccss evaluation including the potential for runaway reactions in spent nuclear fuel processing. Model features include user-defined facility room, flow path geometry, and heat conductors, user-defined non-ideal vapor and aerosol species, pressure- and density-driven gas flows, aerosol transport and deposition, and structure to accommodate facility-specific source terms. Example applications are presented here.
Safety analysis report for packaging upgrade plan
This Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) Upgrade Plan reflects a revised SARP upgrade schedule based on the most current program needs. A Project Hanford Management Contract (PHMC) Performance Expectation exists to update, revise, and/or cancel seven onsite SARPS during FY 1999. It is the U.S. Department of Energy's desire that 100% of the SARPs (which existed at the beginning of the PHMC Contract) be upgraded, revised, and/or canceled by the end of the five year contract. This plan is a ''living'' document and is used as a management tool.
ESSAA: Embedded system safety analysis assistant
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The Embedded System Safety Analysis Assistant (ESSAA) is a knowledge-based tool that can assist in identifying disaster scenarios. Imbedded software issues hazardous control commands to the surrounding hardware. ESSAA is intended to work from outputs to inputs, as a complement to simulation and verification methods. Rather than treating the software in isolation, it examines the context in which the software is to be deployed. Given a specified disasterous outcome, ESSAA works from a qualitative, abstract model of the complete system to infer sets of environmental conditions and/or failures that could cause a disasterous outcome. The scenarios can then be examined in depth for plausibility using existing techniques.
Wallace, Peter; Holzer, Joseph; Guarro, Sergio; Hyatt, Larry
FEM analysis of partial flash processing for a plate
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
FEM analysis of Partial Flash Processing (PFP) was carried out by ANSYS to simulate the heat treatment of wear-resistant steel plate. PFP involves rapid induction heating and water cooling to get different properties of a plate in thickness direction. The steel plate which moves at a given velocity is heated by a stationary inductor and then cooled by spraying water. The temperature filed and the difference of microstructure and properties of the plate in PFP were studied. The electromagnetic and thermal coupled problem will be solved by sequentially coupled physics analysis. The nonlinearities of both the electromagnetic and thermal material properties are also taken into account. Cooling condition will be loaded as a function of water spray position on the surface of steel plate. The FEM analysis results are compared with the measure data, and they are in good accordance. The microstructure and the depth of hardening layer prove the FEM analysis results are credible. The relationship between the temperature distribution and the processing parameters, such as induction frequency, current density etc., were built up. The numerical analysis provides a basis for further theoretical analysis and parameter optimization of PFP.
Chen, Qing-an; Liu, Xiang-hua
Partial least squares based gene expression analysis in renal failure
Abstract Background Preventive and therapeutic options for renal failure are still limited. Gene expression profile analysis is powerful in the identification of biological differences between end stage renal failure patients and healthy controls. Previous studies mainly used variance/regression analysis without considering various biological, environmental factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate the gene expression difference between end stage renal failure patients and healthy controls with partial least squares (PLS) based analysis. Methods With gene expression data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we performed PLS analysis to identify differentially expressed genes. Enrichment and network analyses were also carried out to capture the molecular signatures of renal failure. Results We acquired 573 differentially expressed genes. Pathway and Gene Ontology items enrichment analysis revealed over-representation of dysregulated genes in various biological processes. Network analysis identified seven hub genes with degrees higher than 10, including CAND1, CDK2, TP53, SMURF1, YWHAE, SRSF1, and RELA. Proteins encoded by CDK2, TP53, and RELA have been associated with the progression of renal failure in previous studies. Conclusions Our findings shed light on expression character of renal failure patients with the hope to offer potential targets for future therapeutic studies. Virtual Slides The virtual slide(s) for this article can be found here: http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1450799302127207 PMID:24997640
Improved Range Safety Analysis for Space Vehicles Using Range Safety Template Toolkit
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper discusses an alternative to traditional methodologies for space launch and re-entry vehicle range safety analysis using the Range Safety Template Toolkit (RSTT), developed by Australia's Defense Science and Technology Organization (DSTO) in partnership with Aerospace Concepts Pty Ltd. RSTT offers rapid generation of mission-specific safety templates that comply with internationally-recognized standards for range risk criteria. Compared to some traditional methods, RSTT produces more accurate assessments of risk to personnel and infrastructure. This provides range operators with greater confidence in the range safety products, enhancing their ability to rigorously manage safety on their ranges. RSTT also offers increased precision of risk analysis and iteration of mission design allowing greater flexibility in planning range operations with rapid feedback on the safety impact of mission changes. These concepts are explored through examples involving a suborbital sounding rocket, demonstrating how traditional range safety assumptions may be reassessed using the RSTT robust probabilistic methodology.
Tisato, J.; Vuletich, I.; Brett, M.; Williams, W.; Wilson, S.
Empirical Analysis of Safety-Critical Anomalies During Operations
little research on anomaly analysis of safety-critical systems. In particular, patterns of software anomaly data for operational, safety-critical systems are not well understood. This paper presents and considers their implications for safety- critical systems. Section 7 provides concluding remarks. 2 APPROACH
Lutz, Robyn R.
Safety and capacity analysis of automated and manual highway systems
Safety and capacity analysis of automated and manual highway systems Jason Carbaugh, Datta N Abstract This paper compares safety of automated and manual highway systems with respect to resulting rear-end collision frequency and severity. Safety is related to driver, vehicle and highway operating characteristics
Sengupta, Raja
Information Services at the Nuclear Safety Analysis Center.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This paper describes the operations of the Nuclear Safety Analysis Center. Established soon after an accident at the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, its efforts were initially directed towards a detailed analysis of the accident. Continuing functions include: (1) the analysis of generic nuclear safety issues,�
Simard, Ronald
Formal Safety Analysis in Transportation Control A. Thums, G. Schellhorn
to use fault tree analysis integrated with formal methods for analyzing system safety. This approach combines typical safety analysis techniques from engineering resp. software engineering. Fault tree. To benefit from both, it is important to retain the different points of view of fault tree analysis
Reif, Wolfgang
Partial wave analysis of ?(2S)?pp�?
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Using a sample of 1.06�108 ?(2S) events collected with the BESIII detector at BEPCII, the decay ?(2S)?pp�? is studied. A partial wave analysis determines that the intermediate state N(1535) with a mass of 1524�5-4+10MeV/c2 and a width of 130-24-10+27+57MeV/c2 is dominant in the decay; the product branching fraction is determined to be B(?(2S)?N(1535)p�)�B(N(1535)?p?)+c.c.=(5.2�0.3-1.2+3.2)�10-5. Furthermore, the branching fraction of ?(2S)?pp�? is measured to be (6.4�0.2�0.6)�10-5. Here, the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.
Ablikim, M.; Achasov, M. N.; Albayrak, O.; Ambrose, D. J.; An, F. F.; An, Q.; Bai, J. Z.; Baldini Ferroli, R.; Ban, Y.; Becker, J.; Bennett, J. V.; Bertani, M.; Bian, J. M.; Boger, E.; Bondarenko, O.; Boyko, I.; Briere, R. A.; Bytev, V.; Cai, H.; Cai, X.; Cakir, O.; Calcaterra, A.; Cao, G. F.; Cetin, S. A.; Chang, J. F.; Chelkov, G.; Chen, G.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, J. C.; Chen, M. L.; Chen, S. J.; Chen, X.; Chen, Y. B.; Cheng, H. P.; Chu, Y. P.; Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Dai, H. L.; Dai, J. P.; Dedovich, D.; Deng, Z. Y.; Denig, A.; Denysenko, I.; Destefanis, M.; Ding, W. M.; Ding, Y.; Dong, L. Y.; Dong, M. Y.; Du, S. X.; Fang, J.; Fang, S. S.; Fava, L.; Feng, C. Q.; Friedel, P.; Fu, C. D.; Fu, J. L.; Fuks, O.; Gao, Y.; Geng, C.; Goetzen, K.; Gong, W. X.; Gradl, W.; Greco, M.; Gu, M. H.; Gu, Y. T.; Guan, Y. H.; Guo, A. Q.; Guo, L. B.; Guo, T.; Guo, Y. P.; Han, Y. L.; Harris, F. A.; He, K. L.; He, M.; He, Z. Y.; Held, T.; Heng, Y. K.; Hou, Z. L.; Hu, C.; Hu, H. M.; Hu, J. F.; Hu, T.; Huang, G. M.; Huang, G. S.; Huang, J. S.; Huang, L.; Huang, X. T.; Huang, Y.; Huang, Y. P.; Hussain, T.; Ji, C. S.; Ji, Q.; Ji, Q. P.; Ji, X. B.; Ji, X. L.; Jiang, L. L.; Jiang, X. S.; Jiao, J. B.; Jiao, Z.; Jin, D. P.; Jin, S.; Jing, F. F.; Kalantar-Nayestanaki, N.; Kavatsyuk, M.; Kopf, B.; Kornicer, M.; K�hn, W.; Lai, W.; Lange, J. S.; Larin, P.; Leyhe, M.; Li, C. H.; Li, Cheng; Li, Cui; Li, D. M.; Li, F.; Li, G.; Li, H. B.; Li, J. C.; Li, K.; Li, Lei; Li, Q. J.; Li, S. L.; Li, W. D.; Li, W. G.; Li, X. L.; Li, X. N.; Li, X. Q.; Li, X. R.; Li, Z. B.; Liang, H.; Liang, Y. F.; Liang, Y. T.; Liao, G. R.; Liao, X. T.; Lin, D.; Liu, B. J.; Liu, C. L.; Liu, C. X.; Liu, F. H.; Liu, Fang; Liu, Feng; Liu, H.; Liu, H. B.; Liu, H. H.; Liu, H. M.; Liu, H. W.; Liu, J. P.; Liu, K.; Liu, K. Y.; Liu, Kai; Liu, P. L.; Liu, Q.; Liu, S. B.; Liu, X.; Liu, Y. B.; Liu, Z. A.; Liu, Zhiqiang; Liu, Zhiqing; Loehner, H.; Lu, G. R.; Lu, H. J.; Lu, J. G.; Lu, Q. W.; Lu, X. R.; Lu, Y. P.; Luo, C. L.; Luo, M. X.; Luo, T.; Luo, X. L.; Lv, M.; Ma, C. L.; Ma, F. C.; Ma, H. L.; Ma, Q. M.; Ma, S.; Ma, T.; Ma, X. Y.; Maas, F. E.; Maggiora, M.; Malik, Q. A.; Mao, Y. J.; Mao, Z. P.; Messchendorp, J. G.; Min, J.; Min, T. J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Mo, X. H.; Moeini, H.; Morales Morales, C.; Moriya, K.; Muchnoi, N. Yu.; Muramatsu, H.; Nefedov, Y.; Nicholson, C.; Nikolaev, I. B.; Ning, Z.; Olsen, S. L.; Ouyang, Q.; Pacetti, S.; Park, J. W.; Pelizaeus, M.; Peng, H. P.; Peters, K.; Ping, J. L.; Ping, R. G.; Poling, R.; Prencipe, E.; Qi, M.; Qian, S.; Qiao, C. F.; Qin, L. Q.; Qin, X. S.; Qin, Y.; Qin, Z. H.; Qiu, J. F.; Rashid, K. H.; Rong, G.; Ruan, X. D.; Sarantsev, A.; Schaefer, B. D.; Shao, M.; Shen, C. P.; Shen, X. Y.; Sheng, H. Y.; Shepherd, M. R.; Song, W. M.; Song, X. Y.; Spataro, S.; Spruck, B.; Sun, D. H.; Sun, G. X.; Sun, J. F.; Sun, S. S.; Sun, Y. J.; Sun, Y. Z.; Sun, Z. J.; Sun, Z. T.; Tang, C. J.; Tang, X.; Tapan, I.; Thorndike, E. H.; Tian, H. L.; Toth, D.; Ullrich, M.; Uman, I.; Varner, G. S.; Wang, B. Q.; Wang, D.; Wang, D. Y.; Wang, J. X.; Wang, K.; Wang, L. L.; Wang, L. S.; Wang, M.; Wang, P.; Wang, P. L.; Wang, Q. J.; Wang, S. G.; Wang, X. F.; Wang, X. L.; Wang, Y. D.; Wang, Y. F.; Wang, Y. Q.; Wang, Z.; Wang, Z. G.; Wang, Z. Y.; Wei, D. H.; Wei, J. B.; Weidenkaff, P.; Wen, Q. G.; Wen, S. P.; Werner, M.; Wiedner, U.; Wu, L. H.; Wu, N.; Wu, S. X.; Wu, W.; Wu, Z.; Xia, L. G.; Xia, Y. X.; Xiao, Z. J.; Xie, Y. G.; Xiu, Q. L.; Xu, G. F.; Xu, G. M.; Xu, Q. J.; Xu, Q. N.; Xu, X. P.; Xu, Z. R.; Xue, F.; Xue, Z.; Yan, L.; Yan, W. B.; Yan, Y. H.; Yang, H. X.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y. X.; Ye, H.; Ye, M.; Ye, M. H.; Yu, B. X.; Yu, C. X.; Yu, H. W.; Yu, J. S.; Yu, S. P.; Yuan, C. Z.; Yuan, Y.; Zafar, A. A.; Zallo, A.; Zang, S. L.; Zeng, Y.; Zhang, B. X.; Zhang, B. Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, C. C.; Zhang, D. H.; Zhang, H. H.; Zhang, H. Y.; Zhang, J. Q.; Zhang, J. W.; Zhang, J. Y.; Zhang, J. Z.; Zhang, LiLi; Zhang, R.; Zhang, S. H.; Zhang, X. J.; Zhang, X. Y.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, Y. H.; Zhang, Z. P.; Zhang, Z. Y.; Zhang, Zhenghao; Zhao, G.; Zhao, H. S.; Zhao, J. W.; Zhao, K. X.; Zhao, Lei; Zhao, Ling; Zhao, M. G.; Zhao, Q.; Zhao, S. J.; Zhao, T. C.; Zhao, X. H.; Zhao, Y. B.; Zhao, Z. G.; Zhemchugov, A.; Zheng, B.; Zheng, J. P.; Zheng, Y. H.; Zhong, B.; Zhou, L.; Zhou, X.; Zhou, X. K.; Zhou, X. R.; Zhu, C.; Zhu, K.; Zhu, K. J.; Zhu, S. H.; Zhu, X. L.; Zhu, Y. C.; Zhu, Y. M.; Zhu, Y. S.; Zhu, Z. A.; Zhuang, J.; Zou, B. S.; Zou, J. H.
Issues affecting advanced passive light-water reactor safety analysis
Next generation commercial reactor designs emphasize enhanced safety through improved safety system reliability and performance by means of system simplification and reliance on immutable natural forces for system operation. Simulating the performance of these safety systems will be central to analytical safety evaluation of advanced passive reactor designs. Yet the characteristically small driving forces of these safety systems pose challenging computational problems to current thermal-hydraulic systems analysis codes. Additionally, the safety systems generally interact closely with one another, requiring accurate, integrated simulation of the nuclear steam supply system, engineered safeguards and containment. Furthermore, numerical safety analysis of these advanced passive reactor designs wig necessitate simulation of long-duration, slowly-developing transients compared with current reactor designs. The composite effects of small computational inaccuracies on induced system interactions and perturbations over long periods may well lead to predicted results which are significantly different than would otherwise be expected or might actually occur. Comparisons between the engineered safety features of competing US advanced light water reactor designs and analogous present day reactor designs are examined relative to the adequacy of existing thermal-hydraulic safety codes in predicting the mechanisms of passive safety. Areas where existing codes might require modification, extension or assessment relative to passive safety designs are identified. Conclusions concerning the applicability of these codes to advanced passive light water reactor safety analysis are presented.
Beelman, R.J.; Fletcher, C.D.; Modro, S.M.
Issues affecting advanced passive light-water reactor safety analysis
Next generation commercial reactor designs emphasize enhanced safety through improved safety system reliability and performance by means of system simplification and reliance on immutable natural forces for system operation. Simulating the performance of these safety systems will be central to analytical safety evaluation of advanced passive reactor designs. Yet the characteristically small driving forces of these safety systems pose challenging computational problems to current thermal-hydraulic systems analysis codes. Additionally, the safety systems generally interact closely with one another, requiring accurate, integrated simulation of the nuclear steam supply system, engineered safeguards and containment. Furthermore, numerical safety analysis of these advanced passive reactor designs wig necessitate simulation of long-duration, slowly-developing transients compared with current reactor designs. The composite effects of small computational inaccuracies on induced system interactions and perturbations over long periods may well lead to predicted results which are significantly different than would otherwise be expected or might actually occur. Comparisons between the engineered safety features of competing US advanced light water reactor designs and analogous present day reactor designs are examined relative to the adequacy of existing thermal-hydraulic safety codes in predicting the mechanisms of passive safety. Areas where existing codes might require modification, extension or assessment relative to passive safety designs are identified. Conclusions concerning the applicability of these codes to advanced passive light water reactor safety analysis are presented.
Beelman, R.J.; Fletcher, C.D.; Modro, S.M.
Modeling Controller Tasks for Safety Analysis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
As control systems become more complex, the use of automated control has increased. At the same time, the role of the human operator has changed from primary system controller to supervisor or monitor. Safe design of the human computer interaction becomes more difficult. In this paper, we present a visual task modeling language that can be used by system designers to model human-computer interactions. The visual models can be translated into SpecTRM-RL, a blackbox specification language for modeling the automated portion of the control system. The SpecTRM-RL suite of analysis tools allow the designer to perform formal and informal safety analyses on the task model in isolation or integrated with the rest of the modeled system.
Brown, Molly; Leveson, Nancy G.
Probability of Failure of Safety-Critical Systems Subject to Partial Tests
A set of general formulas is proposed for the probability of failure on demand (PFD) assessment of MooN architecture (i.e. k-out-of-n) systems subject to proof tests. The proof tests can be partial or full. The partial tests (e.g. visual inspections, partial stroke testing) are able to detect only some system failures and leave the others latent, whereas the full tests refer to overhauls which restore the system to an as good as new condition. Partial tests may occur at different time instants (periodic or not), up to the full test. The system performances which are investigated are the system availability according to time, the PFD average in each partial test time interval, and the total PFD average calculated on the full test time interval. Following the given expressions, parameter estimations are proposed to assess the system failure rates and the partial test effectiveness according to feedback data from previous test policies. Subsequently, an optimization of the partial test strategy is presented. In ...
Brissaud, Florent; B�renguer, Christophe
Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder in the pediatric population, affecting up to one percent of children, and for which the mainstay of treatment is anticonvulsant medication. Despite the frequent use of anticonvulsant drugs, remarkably little is known about the safety and efficacy of most of these medications in the pediatric epilepsy population. Of 34 anticonvulsants currently approved for use by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), only 13 have been approved for use in children. Although infants and young children are disproportionately affected by epilepsy, there are currently only three anticonvulsant medications that have been specifically evaluated and approved for use in children younger than 2 years of age. In 2012, the FDA approved levetiracetam as an adjunctive treatment for partial onset seizures in infants and children from one month of age. Here we review the available data on levetiracetam in the pediatric epilepsy population. We first discuss the pharmacological profile of levetiracetam, including its mechanism of action, formulations and dosing, and pharmacokinetics in children. We then review the available efficacy, safety, and tolerability data in children from one month of age with partial onset seizures. We conclude that the current data leading to the approval of levetiracetam for use in infants and children with partial onset seizures is encouraging, although more work needs to be done before definitive conclusions can be drawn about the efficacy of levetiracetam across different pediatric age groups. PMID:23458993
Cormier, Justine; Chu, Catherine J
Integrated safety analysis of software-controlled critical systems
Software for safety-critical systems must deal with the hazards identified by safety analysis in order to make the system safe, risk-free and fail-safe. Certain faults in critical systems can result in catastrophic consequences such as death, injury or environmental harm. The focus of this paper is an integrated approach to software safety analysis based on a combination of two existing
Ben Swarup Medikonda; P. Seetha Ramaiah
Analysis of Safety Requirements for Large Offshore Units Evacuation Systems. LSA safety function
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The paper presents the problems related to the effectiveness of evacuation systems for large offshore installations. The analysis of safety requirements related to the complex evacuation, escape and rescue (EER) system elements has been carried out on the basis of the reports from the accidents of offshore drilling and production platforms. The safety function developed for life saving appliances (LSA) - the 6, 10 and 20 persons liferafts is presented as an example of a method for life saving appliances safety assessment.
Abramowicz-Gerigk, Teresa; Burciu, Zbigniew
Biosensors for functional food safety and analysis.
The importance of safety and functionality analysis of foodstuffs and raw materials is supported by national legislations and European Union (EU) directives concerning not only the amount of residues of pollutants and pathogens but also the activity and content of food additives and the health claims stated on their labels. In addition, consumers' awareness of the impact of functional foods' on their well-being and their desire for daily healthcare without the intake pharmaceuticals has immensely in recent years. Within this picture, the availability of fast, reliable, low cost control systems to measure the content and the quality of food additives and nutrients with health claims becomes mandatory, to be used by producers, consumers and the governmental bodies in charge of the legal supervision of such matters. This review aims at describing the most important methods and tools used for food analysis, starting with the classical methods (e.g., gas-chromatography GC, high performance liquid chromatography HPLC) and moving to the use of biosensors-novel biological material-based equipments. Four types of bio-sensors, among others, the novel photosynthetic proteins-based devices which are more promising and common in food analysis applications, are reviewed. A particular highlight on biosensors for the emerging market of functional foods is given and the most widely applied functional components are reviewed with a comprehensive analysis of papers published in the last three years; this report discusses recent trends for sensitive, fast, repeatable and cheap measurements, focused on the detection of vitamins, folate (folic acid), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), fatty acids (in particular Omega 3), phytosterols and phytochemicals. A final market overview emphasizes some practical aspects ofbiosensor applications. PMID:21520718
Lavecchia, Teresa; Tibuzzi, Arianna; Giardi, Maria Teresa
Preliminary Safety Analysis of the Gorleben Site: Overview - 13298
The project preliminary safety analysis of the Gorleben site started in 2010 and is based on the safety requirements for heat generating radioactive waste released from the German Federal Ministry for Environment, natural conservation and nuclear safety. The project consists of several tasks: the database defining the geology of Gorleben and the composition of the waste to be disposed of, the safety and demonstration concept, the repository concepts, the scenario analysis, the system analysis with long-term safety assessment and the synthesis. The overall synthesis indicates presently the compatibility of a repository in Gorleben with the safety requirements. The application of the method for a site selection process is still under evaluation. (authors)
Bracke, G.; Fischer-Appelt, K. [GRS mbH, Schwertnergasse 1, 50677 Cologne (Germany)] [GRS mbH, Schwertnergasse 1, 50677 Cologne (Germany); Baltes, B. [B. Baltes, Paul Kaussen Str. 17a, 52477 Alsdorf (Germany)] [B. Baltes, Paul Kaussen Str. 17a, 52477 Alsdorf (Germany)
TA-55 Final Safety Analysis Report Comparison Document and DOE Safety Evaluation Report Requirements
This document provides an overview of changes to the currently approved TA-55 Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) that are included in the upgraded FSAR. The DOE Safety Evaluation Report (SER) requirements that are incorporated into the upgraded FSAR are briefly discussed to provide the starting point in the FSAR with respect to the SER requirements.
Alan Bond
Preliminary Safety Analysis Report for the Tokamak Physics Experiment
This Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR), includes an indication of the magnitude of facility hazards, complexity of facility operations, and the stage of the facility life-cycle. It presents the results of safety analyses, safety assurance programs, identified vulnerabilities, compensatory measures, and, in general, the rationale describing why the Tokamak Physics Experiment (TPX) can be safely operated. It discusses application of the graded approach to the TPX safety analysis, including the basis for using Department of Energy (DOE) Order 5480.23 and DOE-STD-3009-94 in the development of the PSAR.
Motloch, C.G.; Bonney, R.F. [Lockheed Idaho Technologies Co., Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Levine, J.D. [Princeton Univ., NJ (United States). Plasma Physics Lab.; McKenzie-Carter, M.A. [Science Applications International Corp., San Diego, CA (United States); Masson, L.S. [SCIENTECH, Inc., Idaho Falls, ID (United States); Commander, J.C.
Analysis of partial iris recognition using a 1D approach
Iris recognition has been shown to be very accurate for human identification. We investigate the performance of the use of a partial iris for recognition. A partial iris identification system based on a one-dimensional approach to iris identification is developed. Experiment results show that a more distinguishable and individually unique signal is found in the inner rings of the iris.
Yingzi Du; Bradford Bonney; Robert Ives; Delores Etter; Robert Schultz
Partial Wave Analysis of $?_{c0}\\to?^+?^-K^+K^-$
A partial wave analysis of $\\chi_{c0}\\to\\pi^+\\pi^-K^+K^-$ in $\\psi(2S)\\to\\gamma\\chi_{c0}$ decay is presented using a sample of 14 million $\\psi(2S)$ events accumulated by the BES II detector. The data are fitted to the sum of relativistic covariant tensor amplitudes for intermediate resonant decay modes. From the fit, significant contributions to $\\chi_{c0}$ decays from the channels $f_0(980)f_0(980)$, $f_0(980)f_0(2200)$, $f_0(1370)f_0(1710)$, $K^*(892)^0\\bar K^*(892)^0$, $K^*_0(1430)\\bar K^*_0(1430)$, $K^*_0(1430)\\bar K^*_2(1430) + c.c.$, and $K_1(1270)K$ are found. Flavor-SU(3)-violating $K_1(1270)-K_1(1400)$ asymmetry is observed. Values obtained for the masses and widths of the resonances $f_0(1710)$, $f_0(2200)$, $f_0(1370)$, and $K^*_0(1430)$ are presented.
M. Ablikim; BES Collaboration
A safety analysis of warhead balancing
Reentry vehicles (RVs) carrying warheads from ballistic missiles must be carefully balanced with the warhead in situ to prevent wobble as the RVs enter the earth`s atmosphere to prevent inaccuracy or loss of the warhead. This balancing is performed on a dynamic balancing machine that rotates the RV at significant angular velocities. Seizure of the spindle shaft of the machine could result in rapid deceleration of the rotating assembly, which could over-stress and shear bolts or other structures that attach the RV to the balancing machine. This could result in undesired motions of the RV and impact of the RV on equipment or structures in the work area. This potential safety problem has long been recognized in a general way, but no systematic investigation of the possible accident sequences had been performed. The purpose of this paper is to describe an integrated set of systems analysis techniques that worked well in developing a set of accident sequences that describe the motions of the RV following a spindle-shaft seizure event.
Bott, T.F.
Partial discharge detection and analysis in low pressure environments
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Typical aerospace vehicles (aircraft and spacecraft) experience a wide range of operating pressures during ascending and returning to earth. Compared to the sea-level atmospheric pressure (760 Torr), the pressure at about 60 km altitude is 2 Torr. The performance of the electric power system components of the aerospace vehicles must remain reliable even under such sub-atmospheric operating conditions. It is well known that the dielectric strength of gaseous insulators, while the electrode arrangement remains unchanged, is pressure dependent. Therefore, characterization of the performance and behavior of the electrical insulation in flight vehicles in low-pressure environments is extremely important. Partial discharge testing is one of the practical methods for evaluating the integrity of electrical insulation in aerospace vehicles. This dissertation describes partial discharge (PD) measurements performed mainly with 60 Hz ac energization in air, argon and helium, for pressures between 2 and 760 Torr. Two main electrode arrangements were used. One was a needle-plane electrode arrangement with a Teflon insulating barrier. The other one was a twisted pair of insulated conductors taken from a standard aircraft wiring harness. The measurement results are presented in terms of typical PD current pulse waveforms and waveform analysis for both main electrode arrangements. The evaluation criteria are the waveform polarity, magnitude, shape, rise time, and phase angle (temporal location) relative to the source voltage. Two-variable histograms and statistical averages of the PD parameters are presented. The PD physical mechanisms are analyzed. For PD pattern recognition, both statistical methods (such as discharge parameter dot pattern representation, discharge parameter phase distribution, statistical operator calculations, and PD fingerprint development) and wavelet transform applications are investigated. The main conclusions of the dissertation include: (1) The PD current pulse waveforms are dependent on the pressure. (2) The rise time of the waveform is another effective PD current pulse characteristic indicator. (3) PD fingerprint patterns that are already available for atmospheric pressure (760 Torr) conditions are inadequate for the evaluation of PD pulses at low pressures. (4) Various wavelet transform techniques can be used effectively for PD pulse signal denoising purposes, and for PD pulse waveform transient feature recognition.
Liu, Xin
Analysis of US child care safety regulations.
BACKGROUND: With 1.9 million US children cared for in organized group child care, the safety of these children is a public health concern. In the absence of federal policy, each state has developed its own day care safety regulations. METHODS: After creating a set of 36 criteria from three sets of national guidelines, we assessed the safety regulations of 45 states. With a mailed survey of state day care regulatory personnel, we examined the processes of formulating and implementing safety policy in 47 states. RESULTS: For 24 of the 36 items, more than half the states' regulations were below the criteria or failed to mention the topic. Most notable is the inattention to playground safety, choking hazards, and firearms. CONCLUSION: The uneven quality of regulations may be a reflection of a regulatory process that is fragmented, with many different groups sharing authority and with limited involvement of injury prevention specialists. PMID:1854015
Runyan, C W; Gray, D E; Kotch, J B; Kreuter, M W
Fire Safety Journal 43 (2008) 2435 Suppression of fuel and air stream diluted methaneair partially
Fire Safety Journal 43 (2008) 24�35 Suppression of fuel and air stream diluted methane, Chicago, IL 60607, USA b Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, Virginia Polytechnic Institute are excellent fire suppressants. However, concern over the catalytic destruction of ozone by chlorines, bromines
Aggarwal, Suresh K.
Moon manned missions radiation safety analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
An analysis is performed on the radiation environment found on the surface of the Moon, and applied to different possible lunar base mission scenarios. An optimization technique has been used to obtain mission scenarios minimizing the astronaut radiation exposure and at the same time controlling the effect of shielding, in terms of mass addition and material choice, as a mission cost driver. The optimization process has been realized through minimization of mass along all phases of a mission scenario, in terms of time frame (dates, transfer time length and trajectory, radiation environment), equipment (vehicles, in terms of shape, volume, onboard material choice, size and structure), location (if in space, on the surface, inside or outside a certain habitats), crew characteristics (number, gender, age, tasks) and performance required (spacecraft and habitat volumes), radiation exposure annual and career limit constraint (from NCRP 132), and implementation of the ALARA principle (shelter from the occurrence of Solar Particle Events). On the lunar surface the most important contribution to radiation exposure is given by background Galactic Cosmic Rays (GCR) particles, mostly protons, alpha particles, and some heavy ions, and by locally induced particles, mostly neutrons, created by the interaction between GCR and surface material and emerging from below the surface due to backscattering processes. In this environment manned habitats are to host future crews involved in the construction and/or in the utilization of moon based infrastructure. Three different kinds of lunar missions are considered in the analysis, Moon Base Construction Phase, during which astronauts are on the surface just to build an outpost for future resident crews, Moon Base Outpost Phase, during which astronaut crews are resident but continuing exploration and installation activities, and Moon Base Routine Phase, with long-term shifting resident crews. In each scenario various kinds of habitats, from very simple shelters to more complex bases, are considered in full detail (e.g., shape, thickness, materials, etc) with considerations of various shielding strategies. In this first analysis all the shape considered are cylindrical or composed of combination of cylinders. Moreover, a radiation safety analysis of more future possible habitats like lava tubes has been also performed.
Tripathi, R. K.; Wilson, J. W.; de Anlelis, G.; Badavi, F. F.
Lunar mission safety and rescue: Hazards analysis and safety requirements
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The results are presented of the hazards analysis which was concerned only with hazards to personnel and not with loss of equipment or property. Hazards characterization includes the definition of a hazard, the hazard levels, and the hazard groups. The analysis methodology is described in detail. The methodology was used to prepare the top level functional flow diagrams, to perform the first level hazards assessment, and to develop a list of conditions and situations requiring individual hazard studies. The 39 individual hazard study results are presented in total.
Analysis of microgravity space experiments Space Shuttle programmatic safety requirements
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This report documents the results of an analysis of microgravity space experiments space shuttle programmatic safety requirements and recommends the creation of a Safety Compliance Data Package (SCDP) Template for both flight and ground processes. These templates detail the programmatic requirements necessary to produce a complete SCDP. The templates were developed from various NASA centers' requirement documents, previously written guidelines on safety data packages, and from personal experiences. The templates are included in the back as part of this report.
Terlep, Judith A.
Safety Analysis of Requirements for a Product Family
A safety analysis was performed on the software requirementsfor a family of flight instrumentation displaysof commercial aircraft. First, an existing SafetyChecklist was extended to apply to four-variable modelsand used to analyze the requirements models for representativemembers of the product family. The resultswere evaluated against an initial specification of theproduct family's required commonalities and variabilities.The Safety Checklist was found to be
Robyn R. Lutz; Guy G. Helmer; Michelle M. Moseman; David E. Statezni; Stephen R. Tockey
Using Dynamic Master Logic Diagram for component partial failure analysis
A methodology using the Dynamic Master Logic Diagram (DMLD) for the evaluation of component partial failure is presented. Since past PRAs have not focused on partial failure effects, the reliability of components are only based on the binary state assumption, i.e. defining a component as fully failed or functioning. This paper is to develop an approach to predict and estimate the component partial failure on the basis of the fuzzy state assumption. One example of the application of this methodology with the reliability function diagram of a centrifugal pump is presented.
Ni, T. [Halliburton NUS Corp., Gaithersburg, MD (United States); Modarres, M. [Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Center for Reliability Engineering
78 FR 4477 - Review of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants, Introduction
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants, Introduction AGENCY...of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants: LWR Edition.'' The...of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants: Integral...
Partial rank correlation test in water quality data analysis
The objective of this paper is to expand the use of nonparametric testing in environmental engineering by demonstrating the flexibility and usefulness of another nonparametric test. In particular, Kendalls partial rank correlation test is described and then used to study the statistical characteristics of water quality variables which include toxic compounds. When examining a multivariate suite of water quality variables, the partial rank correlation test can be employed in a number of innovative ways. To check for the presence of trends in seasonal data, the seasonal effects can first be removed or partialled out. One can also eliminate the influence of one variable on another before testing for the existence of trends. Finally, one can examine the relationship between two variables after partialling out the effects of a third controlling variable.
Valz, P.D.; Bodo, B.; McLeod, A.I. (Univ. of Western Ontario, London (Canada)); Hipel, K.W. (Univ. of Waterloo, Ontario (Canada))
Formal Safety Analysis of Transportation Control Frank Ortmeier, Wolfgang Reif
are a great help. The ForMoSA approach provides an integrated methodology for formally ana lyzing safety. In the following we will briefly describe the ForMoSA approach to safety analysis of critical, embedded system
Reif, Wolfgang
Formal Safety Analysis of Transportation Control Frank Ortmeier, Wolfgang Reif
with only minimal risk. To ensure these requirements formal methods are a great help. The ForMoSA approach provides an integrated methodology for formally ana- lyzing safety-critical transportation systems. One describe the ForMoSA approach to safety analysis of critical, embedded system (Sect. 2), outline a possible
Reif, Wolfgang
Documented safety analysis for 209-E Facility critical mass laboratory
This documented safety analysis (DSA) addresses the 209-E facility and associated requirements that apply to 200 Area Facility Deactivation (AFD) activities. The DSA was developed in accordance with DOE-STD-1120-98, ''Integration of Environment, Safety, and Health into Facility Disposition Activities''.
Compositional Safety Analysis using Barrier Certificates Christoffer Sloth
Compositional Safety Analysis using Barrier Certificates Christoffer Sloth Department of Computer of Electrical and Systems Engineering University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT This paper proposes a compositional method for verifying the safety of a dynamical system, given
Pappas, George J.
Formal Safety Analysis of Transportation Control Systems
From a safety point of view different transportation systems share many properties and requirements. They are all supposed to function correctly, to be failure tolerant and to be associated with only minimal risk. To ensure these requirements formal methods are a great help. The ForMoSA approach provides an integrated methodology for formally ana- lyzing safety-critical transportation systems. One important and
Frank Ortmeier; Wolfgang Reif
"Generation 1.5" and Its Discourses of Partiality: A Critical Analysis
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This is a critical discourse analysis of "generation 1.5," a term used to refer to students born outside the United States who received part, or most, of their formal education in the United States. The analysis reveals that surrounding "generation 1.5" are 3 interconnected discourses of partiality: a discourse of demographic partiality, a�
Benesch, Sarah
New Mathematical Derivations Applicable to Safety and Reliability Analysis.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
Boolean logic expressions are often derived in safety and reliability analysis. Since the values of the operands are rarely exact, accounting for uncertainty with the tightest justifiable bounds is important. Accurate determination of result bounds is dif...
J. A. Cooper, S. Ferson
Analysis of Event Data Recorder Data for Vehicle Safety Improvement.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The Volpe Center performed a comprehensive engineering analysis of Event Data Recorder (EDR) data supplied by NHTSA to assess its accuracy and usefulness in crash reconstruction and improvement of vehicle safety systems. The Volpe Center gathered and anal...
M. P. DaSilva
Analysis of multicomponent gas mixture flows with partial chemical equilibrium
Diffusion equations and the corresponding transfer equations with effective transfer coefficients are derived using new unknown functions (linear combinations of diffusion fluxes and of concentrations) for reactive gas mixture flows with partial chemical equilibrium. The diffusion differential equations for rapid independent reactions degenerate into algebraic equations of detailed chemical equilibrium. The component formation sources on the right-hand sides of the
O. N. Suslov; E. I. Fateeva
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The goal of the NASA Aviation Safety Program (AvSP) is to develop and demonstrate technologies that contribute to a reduction in the aviation fatal accident rate by a factor of 5 by the year 2007 and by a factor of 10 by the year 2022. Integrated safety analysis of day-to-day operations and risks within those operations will provide an understanding of the Aviation Safety Program portfolio. Safety benefits analyses are currently being conducted. Preliminary results for the Synthetic Vision Systems (SVS) and Weather Accident Prevention (WxAP) projects of the AvSP have been completed by the Logistics Management Institute under a contract with the NASA Glenn Research Center. These analyses include both a reliability analysis and a computer simulation model. The integrated safety analysis method comprises two principal components: a reliability model and a simulation model. In the reliability model, the results indicate how different technologies and systems will perform in normal, degraded, and failed modes of operation. In the simulation, an operational scenario is modeled. The primary purpose of the SVS project is to improve safety by providing visual-flightlike situation awareness during instrument conditions. The current analyses are an estimate of the benefits of SVS in avoiding controlled flight into terrain. The scenario modeled has an aircraft flying directly toward a terrain feature. When the flight crew determines that the aircraft is headed toward an obstruction, the aircraft executes a level turn at speed. The simulation is ended when the aircraft completes the turn.
Reveley, Mary S.
Using Qualitative Hazard Analysis to Guide Quantitative Safety Analysis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Quantitative methods can be beneficial in many types of safety investigations. However, there are many difficulties in using quantitative m ethods. Far example, there may be little relevant data available. This paper proposes a framework for using quantitative hazard analysis to prioritize hazard scenarios most suitable for quantitative mziysis. The framework first categorizes hazard scenarios by severity and likelihood. We then propose another metric "modeling difficulty" that desc ribes the complexity in modeling a given hazard scenario quantitatively. The combined metrics of severity, likelihood, and modeling difficu lty help to prioritize hazard scenarios for which quantitative analys is should be applied. We have applied this methodology to proposed concepts of operations for reduced wake separation for airplane operatio ns at closely spaced parallel runways.
Shortle, J. F.; Allocco, M.
Traffic Safety Analysis: A Data Mining Approach
Our goal was to create an index of the economic impact for traffic crashes across all sixty-seven Alabama counties. This goal was accomplished by the creation of our Traffic Safety Economic Index (TSEI) for Alabama Counties. This index seeks to compare the total economic impact of vehicular crashes between counties for the three types of crashes: property damage, injury, and
J. Michael Hardin; Michael Conerly; Wade Watkins
41 CFR 102-80.110 - What must an equivalent level of safety analysis indicate?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01...What must an equivalent level of safety analysis indicate...Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY...80-SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Accident and Fire Prevention Equivalent Level of Safety Analysis...
41 CFR 102-80.130 - Who must perform the equivalent level of safety analysis?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...perform the equivalent level of safety analysis...Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management...Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION REAL PROPERTY...80-SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT Accident and Fire Prevention Equivalent Level of Safety Analysis...
The ideal water-soluble dietary fiber for the fiber-enrichment of foods must be very low in viscosity, tasteless, odorless, and should produce clear solutions in beverages. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum (PHGG) produced from guar gum by enzymatic process has the same chemical structure with intact guar gum but less than one-tenth the original molecular length of guar gum, which make available to be used as film former, foam stabilizer and swelling agent. The viscosity of PHGG is about 10�mPa�s in 5% aqueous solution, whereas 1% solution of guar gum shows range from 2,000 to 3,000�mPa�s. In addition, PHGG is greatly stable against low pH, heat, acid and digestive enzyme. For these reasons, PHGG seems to be one of the most beneficial dietary fiber materials. It also showed that interesting physiological functions still fully exert the nutritional function of a dietary fiber. PHGG has, therefore, been used primarily for a nutritional purpose and became fully integrated food material without altering the rheology, taste, texture and color of final products. PHGG named as Benefiber� in USA has self-affirmation on GRAS status of standard grade PHGG. PHGG named as Sunfiber� is now being used in various beverages, food products and medicinal foods as a safe, natural and functional dietary fiber in all over the world. PMID:18231623
Yoon, Seon-Joo; Chu, Djong-Chi; Raj Juneja, Lekh
Occupational Analysis: Safety and Health Coordinator
NSDL National Science Digital Library
The Advanced Technology Environmental and Energy Center (ATEEC) has provided this document which includes an overview of general required competencies for safety and health coordinators in the workplace. General areas of competence such as monitoring health and physical hazards in the work environment, conducting audits and providing information are included, as well as specific tasks in each category. Users must download this resource for viewing, which requires a free log-in. There is no cost to download the item.
Cardiorespiratory Analysis on Children Suffering from Absence and Complex Partial Seizures
Cardiorespiratory Analysis on Children Suffering from Absence and Complex Partial Seizures Carolina func- tions such as the heart rate and respiration can vary from one type of seizures to another. Complex-partial seizures originating in the temporal lobe for example, are accom- panied by apnoea
Semiclassical analysis of the Schrodinger equation with a partially confining potential
Semiclassical analysis of the Schr¨odinger equation with a partially confining potential Naoufel in the confined direction is of the order of magnitude of the electron de Broglie length whereas the non confined lengthscale is larger. A partial semiclassical limit of the Schr¨odinger equation (in the non confined
Méhats, Florian
Analysis of the Safety Properties of a System from the Viewpoint of the
In safety-critical systems, software safety analysis aims to provide confidence that the risk associated with the software is acceptable. Accidents in safety-critical systems are usually associated with the occurrence: safety-critical systems, safety analysis, objects, collaborations, formal models, sounding rockets 1
Newcastle upon Tyne, University of
Safety verification in Murphy using fault tree analysis
MURPHY is a language-independent, experimental methodology for building safety-critical, real time software, which will include an integrated tool set. Using Ada as an example, this paper presents a technique for verifying the safety of complex, real-time software using Software Fault Tree Analysis. The templates for Ada are presented along with an example of applying the technique to an Ada program.
Stephen S. Cha; Nancy G. Leveson; Timothy J. Shimeall
Direct Calculation of the Scattering Amplitude Without Partial Wave Analysis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Two new developments in scattering theory are reported. We show, in a practical way, how one can calculate the full scattering amplitude without invoking a partial wave expansion. First, the integral expression for the scattering amplitude f(theta) is simplified by an analytic integration over the azimuthal angle. Second, the full scattering wavefunction which appears in the integral expression for f(theta) is obtained by solving the Schrodinger equation with the finite element method (FEM). As an example, we calculate electron scattering from the Hartree potential. With minimal computational effort, we obtain accurate and stable results for the scattering amplitude.
Shertzer, J.; Temkin, A.; Fisher, Richard R. (Technical Monitor)
Applied Simulation for Rail Crossing Economics and Safety Analysis
. . . . . Applied Simulation for Rail Crossing Economics and Safety Analysis Hao Zhou Alan Zhang � Developing a simulation tool to support rail crossing analysis, including: � Calculate rail crossing delay � Analyze impact to local traffic � Support rail crossing economics � Applying simulation to container
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of
Quantitative analysis with LIBS traditionally employs calibration curves that are complicated by the chemical matrix effects. These chemical matrix effects influence the LIBS plasma and the ratio of elemental composition to elemental emission line intensity. Consequently, LIBS calibration typically requires a priori knowledge of the unknown, in order for a series of calibration standards similar to the unknown to be employed. In this paper, three new Multivariate Analysis (MV A) techniques are employed to analyze the LIBS spectra of 18 disparate igneous and highly-metamorphosed rock samples. Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis is used to generate a calibration model from which unknown samples can be analyzed. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA) are employed to generate a model and predict the rock type of the samples. These MV A techniques appear to exploit the matrix effects associated with the chemistries of these 18 samples.
Clegg, Samuel M [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Barefield, James E [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Wiens, Roger C [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Sklute, Elizabeth [MT HOLYOKE COLLEGE; Dyare, Melinda D [MT HOLYOKE COLLEGE
The analysis of hazards and the hazards of analysis: reflections on air traffic safety management.
The justification of investments in air traffic control systems has typically been based on risk-benefit analyses of the safety of air traffic. But the lack of empirical evidence concerning collisions between aircraft, and the problems of very small numbers make risk analysis inadequate. The pitfalls of risk analysis are discussed in this paper. A framework for safety analysis is proposed where safety is to be assured rather than traded off in the economic sense against other expenditures on the system. The trade-off in the analysis of large investments on control technologies should be between economy and efficiency and should no include safety. PMID:3094552
Kanafani, A
Partial wave analysis at BES III harnessing the power of GPUs
Partial wave analysis is a core tool in hadron spectroscopy. With the high statistics data available at facilities such as the Beijing Spectrometer III, this procedure becomes computationally very expensive. We have successfully implemented a framework for performing partial wave analysis on graphics processors. We discuss the implementation, the parallel computing frameworks employed and the performance achieved, with a focus on the recent transition to the OpenCL framework.
Niklaus Berger
Safety analysis of the existing 851 Firing Facility
A safety analysis was performed to determine if normal operations and/or potential accidents at the 851 Firing Facility at Site 300 could present undue hazards to the general public, personnel at Site 300, or have an adverse effect on the environment. The normal operations and credible accidents that might have an effect on these facilities or have off-site consequences were considered. It was determined by this analysis that all but two of the hazards were either low or of the type or magnitude routinely encountered and/or accepted by the public. The exceptions were the linear accelerator and explosives, which were classified as moderate hazards per the requirements given in DOE Order 5481.1A. This safety analysis concluded that the operation at this facility will present no undue risk to the health and safety of LLNL employees or the public.
Odell, B.N.
Multiscale analysis for stochastic partial differential equations with quadratic nonlinearities
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
In this paper we derive rigorously amplitude equations for stochastic partial differential equations with quadratic nonlinearities, under the assumption that the noise acts only on the stable modes and for an appropriate scaling between the distance from bifurcation and the strength of the noise. We show that, due to the presence of two distinct timescales in our system, the noise (which acts only on the fast modes) gets transmitted to the slow modes and, as a result, the amplitude equation contains both additive and multiplicative noise. As an application we study the case of the one-dimensional Burgers equation forced by additive noise in the orthogonal subspace to its dominant modes. The theory developed in the present paper thus allows us to explain theoretically some recent numerical observations on stabilization with additive noise.
Bl�mker, D.; Hairer, M.; Pavliotis, G. A.
Recoverability Analysis for Modified Compressive Sensing with Partially Known Support
The recently proposed modified-compressive sensing (modified-CS), which utilizes the partially known support as prior knowledge, significantly improves the performance of recovering sparse signals. However, modified-CS depends heavily on the reliability of the known support. An important problem, which must be studied further, is the recoverability of modified-CS when the known support contains a number of errors. In this letter, we analyze the recoverability of modified-CS in a stochastic framework. A sufficient and necessary condition is established for exact recovery of a sparse signal. Utilizing this condition, the recovery probability that reflects the recoverability of modified-CS can be computed explicitly for a sparse signal with nonzero entries. Simulation experiments have been carried out to validate our theoretical results. PMID:24520341
Zhang, Jun; Li, Yuanqing; Gu, Zhenghui; Yu, Zhu Liang
System safety analysis of an autonomous mobile robot
Analysis of the safety of operating and maintaining the Stored Waste Autonomous Mobile Inspector (SWAMI) II in a hazardous environment at the Fernald Environmental Management Project (FEMP) was completed. The SWAMI II is a version of a commercial robot, the HelpMate{trademark} robot produced by the Transitions Research Corporation, which is being updated to incorporate the systems required for inspecting mixed toxic chemical and radioactive waste drums at the FEMP. It also has modified obstacle detection and collision avoidance subsystems. The robot will autonomously travel down the aisles in storage warehouses to record images of containers and collect other data which are transmitted to an inspector at a remote computer terminal. A previous study showed the SWAMI II has economic feasibility. The SWAMI II will more accurately locate radioactive contamination than human inspectors. This thesis includes a System Safety Hazard Analysis and a quantitative Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The objectives of the analyses are to prevent potentially serious events and to derive a comprehensive set of safety requirements from which the safety of the SWAMI II and other autonomous mobile robots can be evaluated. The Computer-Aided Fault Tree Analysis (CAFTA{copyright}) software is utilized for the FTA. The FTA shows that more than 99% of the safety risk occurs during maintenance, and that when the derived safety requirements are implemented the rate of serious events is reduced to below one event per million operating hours. Training and procedures in SWAMI II operation and maintenance provide an added safety margin. This study will promote the safe use of the SWAMI II and other autonomous mobile robots in the emerging technology of mobile robotic inspection.
Bartos, R.J.
Market analysis of biosensors for food safety.
This paper is presented as an overview of the pathogen detection industry. The review includes pathogen detection markets and their prospects for the future. Potential markets include the medical, military, food, and environmental industries. Those industries combined have a market size of $563 million for pathogen detecting biosensors and are expected to grow at a compounded annual growth rate of 4.5%. The food market is further segmented into different food product industries. The overall food-pathogen testing market is expected to grow to $192 million and 34 million tests by 2005. The trend in pathogen testing emphasizes the need to commercialize biosensors for the food safety industry as legislation creates new standards for microbial monitoring. With quicker detection time and reusable features, biosensors will be important to those interested in real time diagnostics of disease causing pathogens. As the world becomes more concerned with safe food and water supply, the demand for rapid detecting biosensors will only increase. PMID:12706600
Alocilja, Evangelyn C; Radke, Stephen M
Actuator Based Hazard Analysis for Safety Critical Systems
\\u000a In the early stages of a design process, a detailed hazard analysis should be performed, particularly for safety critical\\u000a systems. In this paper an actuator based hazard analysis method is presented. Since it is the actuators that affect the systems\\u000a environment, this actuator based approach is the logical approach for an early hazard analysis when only limited information\\u000a of the
Per Johannessen; Fredrik T�rner; Jan Torin
Safety and human factors engineering analysis. Heat recovery incinerator installation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This report contains a safety and human factors analysis of the Navy's heat recovery incinerator (HRI) systems. These requirements were based on current military standards and an evaluation of the HRI's at NAS, Jacksonville and NS, Mayport, Fl. The data collected were used to develop preliminary design criteria for future HRIs. The safety analysis lists specific areas where problems can occur and what should be done to prevent injury to plant personnel. The human factors design criteria section lists steps that can be taken to improve personnel and plant operating efficiency. Finally, specific problems that are occurring at NAS, Jacksonville and NS, Mayport are given.
Limited-scope probabilistic safety analysis for the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF).
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The reliability of instrumentation and safety systems is a major issue in the operation of accelerator facilities. A probabilistic safety analysis was performed or the key safety and instrumentation systems at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF)...
M. Sharirli, J. L. Rand, M. K. Sasser, F. R. Gallegos
FFTF Final Safety Analysis Report Amendment 81 [SEC 1 & 2
Since the last reactor operation of FFTF in March of 1992, the FFTF has either been in a programmatic status of Standby or Shutdown. The facility hazards have decreased markedly. Rather than making extensive Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) changes, Appendix G was prepared to reflect the design and operation during Standby or Shutdown. Appendix G describes the application of the entire FSAR for the current configuration, accounting for the natural reduction in hazards and new system configurations associated with Standby/Shutdown. The technical system chapters and the safety analysis chapter of the FSAR describe how the design and operation fulfilled the requirements necessary to support reactor operation; this information is retained for design basis and historical information. This Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) is submitted per the requirements of Paragraph 014, Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) Manual Chapter 0540, ''Safety of ERDA-Owned Reactors.'' This FSAR and its supporting documentation provide a complete description and safety evaluation of the site, plant design, normal and emergency operations, potential accidents and predicted consequences of such accidents, and the means that will prevent such accidents and/or reduce their consequences to an acceptable level.
Flood analysis using generalized logistic models in partial duration series
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
SummaryAs a generalization of the commonly assumed Poisson distribution (PD) used to estimate the annual number of peaks over threshold in partial duration series (PDS) model, the negative binomial (NB) distribution is proposed in this study. Instead of generalized pareto distribution (GPD) and exponential distribution (ED) models popularly applied to predict the probability of the exceedances of peak over threshold, the performance of the general logistic distribution (GLD) models is analyzed. Two different models for analyzing extreme hydrologic events are compared, based on, PDS and annual maximum series (AMS), respectively. The performance of the two models in terms of uncertainty of T-year event estimator [ q( T)] is evaluated in the cases of estimation with the method of moments (MOMs), maximum likelihood (ML), and probability weighted moments (PWMs). The annual maximum distribution corresponding to a PDS model with Poisson distributed count of peaks above threshold and GLD for flood exceedances was found to be an extreme value type I (EV1) distribution. The comparison between PDS and AMS is made using ratio of variance of the T-year event estimates, which is derived analytically after checking the reliability of the expressions with Monte Carlo simulations. The results reveal that the AMS/NB-GLD and PDS/GLD models using PWM estimation method give least variance of flood estimates with the PDS model giving marginally better results. From the overall results, it was observed that the Poisson distribution performs better, where the difference between mean ( ?) and variance of counts of threshold exceedances is small otherwise the NB distribution is found to be efficient when used in combination with generalized logistic distribution in the PDS model, and this is more prominent for ? < 1.4. Hence, in such cases when the PDS data have a mean less than this, the AMS/NB-GLD and PDS/GLD should be a better model for q( T) estimation as compared to PDS/ED.
Bhunya, P. K.; Singh, R. D.; Berndtsson, R.; Panda, S. N.
Safety analysis of SISL process module
This report provides an assessment of various postulated accidental occurrences within an experimental process module which is part of a Special Isotope Separation Laboratory (SISL) currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The process module will contain large amounts of molten uranium and various water-cooled structures within a vacuum vessel. Special emphasis is therefore given to potential accidental interactions of molten uranium with water leading to explosive and/or rapid steam formation, as well as uranium oxidation and the potential for combustion. Considerations are also given to the potential for vessel melt-through. Evaluations include mechanical and thermal interactions and design implications both in terms of design basis as well as once-in-a-lifetime accident scenarios. These scenarios include both single- and multiple-failure modes leading to various contact modes and locations within the process module for possible thermal interactions. The evaluations show that a vacuum vessel design based upon nominal operating conditions would appear sufficient to meet safety requirements in connection with both design basis as well as once-in-a-lifetime accidents. Controlled venting requirements for removal of steam and hydrogen in order to avoid possible long-term pressurization events are recommended. Depending upon the resulting accident conditions, the vacuum system (i.e., the roughing system) could also serve this purpose. Finally, based upon accident evaluations of this study, immediate shut-off of all coolant water following an incident leak is not recommended, as such action may have adverse effects in terms of cool-down requirements for the melt crucibles etc. These requirements have not been assessed as part of this study.
Not Available
FFTF Final Safety Analysis Report Amendment 81 [SEC 1 & 2
Since the last reactor operation of FFTF in March of 1992, the FFTF has either been in a programmatic status of Standby or Shutdown. The facility hazards have decreased markedly. Rather than making extensive Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) changes, Appendix G was prepared to reflect the design and operation during Standby or Shutdown. Appendix G describes the application of
Transportation Center Seminar... Analysis of Highway-Safety Data
Transportation Center Seminar... Analysis of Highway-Safety Data: Current than 1.2 million people die annually in highway-related crashes and as many highway-related crashes to be the 5th leading cause of death in the world
Bustamante, Fabián E.
Safety Analysis for Packaging Steel Banded Wooden Shipping Containers
This safety analysis report for packaging describes the steel banded wooden shipping containers, which are certified as Type AF packagings. The authorized payload for these containers is unirradiated, slightly enriched, uranium ingots, billets, extrusions, and scrap materials. The amount of uranium in the containers will not exceed the LSA-II material requirements as defined in 49 CFR 173.403.
Safety analysis of irradiated nuclear fuel transportation container
Ignalina NPP comprises two Units with RBMK-1500 reactors. After the Unit 1 of the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant was shut down in 2004, approximately 1000 fuel assemblies from Unit were available for further reuse in Unit 2. The fuel-transportation container, vehicle, protection shaft and other necessary equipment were designed in order to implement the process for on-site transportation of Unit 1 fuel for reuse in the Unit 2. The Safety Analysis Report (SAR) was developed to demonstrate that the proposed set of equipment performs all functions and assures the required level of safety for both normal operation and accident conditions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the content and main results of SAR, focusing attention on the container used to transport spent fuel assemblies from Unit I on Unit 2. In the SAR, the structural integrity, thermal, radiological and nuclear safety calculations are performed to assess the acceptance of the proposed set of equipment. The safety analysis demonstrated that the proposed nuclear fuel transportation container and other equipment are in compliance with functional, design and regulatory requirements and assure the required safety level. (authors)
Uspuras, E.; Rimkevicius, S. [Lithuanian Energy Institute, 3 Breslaujos str., LT-3035 Kaunas (Lithuania)
Analysis and design of partial ground improvement in deep excavations
Excessive wall deflection and ground settlement are common problems for deep excavations in soft clay and frequently damage adjacent buildings. To reduce wall deflection or ground settlement, the in situ soil is usually strengthened by jet grouting or mechanical deep mixing method. Finite element analysis can be conducted to determine improvement ratios, improved depths and improved zones of the soil
Chang-Yu Ou; Fu-Chen Teng; I-Wen Wang
[Safety analysis for astronaut and the personal protective equipment].
Objective. To analyze and study astronaut and his personal equipment safety. Method. Three of the most widely used approaches, failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA), fault tree analysis (FTA) and system hazards analysis (SHA) were used. Result. It was demonstrated that astronaut and the personal equipment are subjected to various potential hazards, such as human errors, astronaut illness, fire or space suit emergency decompression, etc. Their causes, mechanisms, possible effects and criticality of some critical potential hazards were analyzed and identified in more details with considerations of the historic accidents of manned spaceflight. And the compensating provisions and preventive measures for each hazard were discussed. Conclusion. The analysis study may be helpful in enhancing the safety of the astronaut and its personal protective equipment. PMID:12434807
Chen, J D; Sun, J B; Shi, H P; Sun, H L
An antiproton-proton partial-wave analysis
Partial-wave analyses (PWAs) have a long history in the fields of {pi}N and NN scattering. Due to the poor quality of low-energy antiproton beams and the resulting absence of accurate experimental data, analogous model-independent studies of the much more complex {bar p}p system have in the past always been impossible. In the pre-LEAR era spin-dependent observables and charge-exchange ({bar p}p - {bar n}n) data were almost nonexistent, the situation between 400 and 925 MeV/c is now quite good. High-quality analyzing-power data have been obtained for the elastic and charge-exchange reactions. Very recently, even charge-exchange depolarization data have become available. Unfortunately, the practical difficulties involved in constructing a high-quality ``cooled`` antiproton beam of lower momentum are large. Consequently, the {bar p}p database below about 400 MeV/c is still by far not as good as one would like, in striking contrast to the pp case where very accurate data exist as low as T{sub L} = 0.35 MeV. It also remains an outstanding experimental challenge to construct a polarized antiproton beam to further probe the spin structure of the interaction. A new method has been developed by the Nijmegen group to perform PWAs of the abundant and accurate NN scattering data below T{sub L} = 350 MeV. With the now available high-quality data from LEAR and KEK, we have been able to extend the methods used in these NN PWAs to perform an energy-dependent PWA of all {bar p}p scattering data below p{sub L} = 925 MeV/c. The same methods of PWA have also been applied to the strangeness-exchange reaction {bar p}p {yields} {bar {lambda}}{lambda}, for which the PS185 group at LEAR has obtained beautiful data. In the next section we review the theoretical ideas behind these Nijmegen PWAS, and we apply these ideas and methods to the case of {bar p}p scattering. In section IV some results of this {bar p}p PWA are presented and discussed.
Timmermans, R. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Rijken, T.A.; de Swart, J.J. [Katholieke Univ. Nijmegen (Netherlands). Inst. for Theoretical Physics
Partial identification and nutritional analysis of Kiribati algae
A chemical analysis of the edible algae from the island of Beru in Kiribati revealed it contained relatively high concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. A fair amount of protein and other minerals such as Na+, K+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions are also present in it. The scientific identification revealed that the algae are made of a mixture
M Maata; T Pickering; S Ali
Fuel Storage Facility Final Safety Analysis Report. Revision 1
The Fuel Storage Facility (FSF) is an integral part of the Fast Flux Test Facility. Its purpose is to provide long-term storage (20-year design life) for spent fuel core elements used to provide the fast flux environment in FFTF, and for test fuel pins, components and subassemblies that have been irradiated in the fast flux environment. This Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) and its supporting documentation provides a complete description and safety evaluation of the site, the plant design, operations, and potential accidents.
Linderoth, C.E.
The University of Virginia Systems and Information Engineering Department is part of a six-year project commissioned by the National Institute of Justice to develop the geospatial repository for analysis and safety planning, GRASP. GRASP is a Web application that allows for the viewing and sharing of spatial data over the Internet. GRASP is a system that allows verified users to
Kyun Chung; C. Lisa Davis; Connor Fee; Ryan Grammer; Donald Brown; Jason Dalton; R. Wilson
Worker Safety and Health and Nuclear Safety Quarterly Performance Analysis (January - March 2008)
The DOE Office of Enforcement expects LLNL to 'implement comprehensive management and independent assessments that are effective in identifying deficiencies and broader problems in safety and security programs, as well as opportunities for continuous improvement within the organization' and to 'regularly perform assessments to evaluate implementation of the contractor's processes for screening and internal reporting.' LLNL has a self-assessment program, described in ES&H Manual Document 4.1, that includes line, management and independent assessments. LLNL also has in place a process to identify and report deficiencies of nuclear, worker safety and health and security requirements. In addition, the DOE Office of Enforcement expects LLNL to evaluate 'issues management databases to identify adverse trends, dominant problem areas, and potential repetitive events or conditions' (page 14, DOE Enforcement Process Overview, December 2007). LLNL requires that all worker safety and health and nuclear safety noncompliances be tracked as 'deficiencies' in the LLNL Issues Tracking System (ITS). Data from the ITS are analyzed for worker safety and health (WSH) and nuclear safety noncompliances that may meet the threshold for reporting to the DOE Noncompliance Tracking System (NTS). This report meets the expectations defined by the DOE Office of Enforcement to review the assessments conducted by LLNL, analyze the issues and noncompliances found in these assessments, and evaluate the data in the ITS database to identify adverse trends, dominant problem areas, and potential repetitive events or conditions. The report attempts to answer three questions: (1) Is LLNL evaluating its programs and state of compliance? (2) What is LLNL finding? (3) Is LLNL appropriately managing what it finds? The analysis in this report focuses on data from the first quarter of 2008 (January through March). This quarter is analyzed within the context of information identified in previous quarters to include April 2007 through March 2008. The results from analyzing the deficiencies are presented in accordance with the two primary NTS reporting thresholds for WSH and nuclear safety noncompliances: (1) those related to certain events or conditions and (2) those that are management issues. In addition, WSH noncompliances were also analyzed to determine if any fell under the 'other significant condition' threshold. This report also identifies noncompliance topical areas that may have issues that do not meet the NTS reporting threshold but should remain under observation. These are placed on the 'watch list' for continued analysis.
Kerr, C E
Evolution of Safety Analysis to Support New Exploration Missions
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
NASA is currently developing the Ares I launch vehicle as a key component of the Constellation program which will provide safe and reliable transportation to the International Space Station, back to the moon, and later to Mars. The risks and costs of the Ares I must be significantly lowered, as compared to other manned launch vehicles, to enable the continuation of space exploration. It is essential that safety be significantly improved, and cost-effectively incorporated into the design process. This paper justifies early and effective safety analysis of complex space systems. Interactions and dependences between design, logistics, modeling, reliability, and safety engineers will be discussed to illustrate methods to lower cost, reduce design cycles and lessen the likelihood of catastrophic events.
Thrasher, Chard W.
SCALE 6: Comprehensive Nuclear Safety Analysis Code System
Version 6 of the Standardized Computer Analyses for Licensing Evaluation (SCALE) computer software system developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, released in February 2009, contains significant new capabilities and data for nuclear safety analysis and marks an important update for this software package, which is used worldwide. This paper highlights the capabilities of the SCALE system, including continuous-energy flux calculations for processing multigroup problem-dependent cross sections, ENDF/B-VII continuous-energy and multigroup nuclear cross-section data, continuous-energy Monte Carlo criticality safety calculations, Monte Carlo radiation shielding analyses with automated three-dimensional variance reduction techniques, one- and three-dimensional sensitivity and uncertainty analyses for criticality safety evaluations, two- and three-dimensional lattice physics depletion analyses, fast and accurate source terms and decay heat calculations, automated burnup credit analyses with loading curve search, and integrated three-dimensional criticality accident alarm system analyses using coupled Monte Carlo criticality and shielding calculations.
Bowman, Stephen M [ORNL
FSARs. Rockwell International, as operating contractor at the Rocky Flats plant, conducted a safety analysis program during the 1980s. That effort resulted in Final Safety Analysis Reports (FSARs) for several buildings, one of them being the Building 707 Final Safety Analysis Report, June 87 (707FSAR) and a Plant Safety Analysis Report. Rocky Flats Risk Assessment Guide, March 1985 (RFRAG85) documents the methodologies that were used for those FSARs. Resources available for preparation of those Rocky Flats FSARs were very limited. After addressing the more pressing safety issues, some of which are described below, the present contractor (EG&G) intends to conduct a program of upgrading the FSARs. This report presents the results of a review of the methodologies described in RFRAG85 and 707FSAR and contains suggestions that might be incorporated into the methodology for the FSAR upgrade effort.
Walsh, B.; Fisher, C.; Zigler, G.; Clark, R.A. [Science and Engineering Associates, Inc., Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Methods and criteria for safety analysis (FIN L2535)
In response to the NRC request for a proposal dated October 20, 1992, Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) submit this proposal to provide contractural assistance for FIN L2535, ``Methods and Criteria for Safety Analysis,`` as specified in the Statement of Work attached to the request for proposal. The Statement of Work involves development of safety analysis guidance for NRC licensees, arranging a workshop on this guidance, and revising NRC Regulatory Guide 3.52. This response to the request for proposal offers for consideration the following advantages of WSRC in performing this work: Experience, Qualification of Personnel and Resource Commitment, Technical and Organizational Approach, Mobilization Plan, Key Personnel and Resumes. In addition, attached are the following items required by the NRC: Schedule II, Savannah River Site - Job Cost Estimate, NRC Form 189, Project and Budget Proposal for NRC Work, page 1, NRC Form 189, Project and Budget Proposal for NRC Work, page 2, Project Description.
Not Available
Safety Analysis Using Coloured Petri Nets Seung Mo Cho, Hyoung Seok Hong, and Sung Deok Cha
as an example. 1. Introduction Software control in safety-critical systems such as aerospace, military, nuclearSafety Analysis Using Coloured Petri Nets Seung Mo Cho, Hyoung Seok Hong, and Sung Deok Cha propose a safety analysis method using coloured Petri nets (CPN). Our method employs a backward analysis
Safety analysis report for packaging (onsite) sample pig transport system
This Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) provides a technical evaluation of the Sample Pig Transport System as compared to the requirements of the U.S. Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office (RL) Order 5480.1, Change 1, Chapter III. The evaluation concludes that the package is acceptable for the onsite transport of Type B, fissile excepted radioactive materials when used in accordance with this document.
Safety analysis of the existing 804 and 845 firing facilities
A safety analysis was performed to determine if normal operations and/or potential accidents at the 804 and 845 Firing Facilities at Site 300 could present undue hazards to the general public, peronnel at Site 300, or have an adverse effect on the environment. The normal operation and credible accident that might have an effect on these facilities or have off-site consequence were considered. It was determined by this analysis that all but one of the hazards were either low or of the type or magnitude routinely encountered and/or accepted by the public. The exception was explosives. Since this hazard has the potential for causing significant on-site and minimum off-site consequences, Bunkers 804 and 845 have been classified as moderate hazard facilties per DOE Order 5481.1A. This safety analysis concluded that the operation at these facilities will present no undue risk to the health and safety of LLNL employees or the public.
Odell, B.N.
One of the biggest challenges for organizations in today's competitive business environment is to create and preserve a self-sustaining safety culture. Typically, the key drivers of safety culture in many organizations are regulation, audits, safety training, various types of employee exhortations to comply with safety norms, etc. However, less evident factors like networking relationships and social trust amongst employees, as also extended networking relationships and social trust of organizations with external stakeholders like government, suppliers, regulators, etc., which constitute the safety social capital in the Organization--seem to also influence the sustenance of organizational safety culture. Can erosion in safety social capital cause deterioration in safety culture and contribute to accidents? If so, how does it contribute? As existing accident analysis models do not provide answers to these questions, CAMSoC (Curtailing Accidents by Managing Social Capital), an accident analysis model, is proposed. As an illustration, five accidents: Bhopal (India), Hyatt Regency (USA), Tenerife (Canary Islands), Westray (Canada) and Exxon Valdez (USA) have been analyzed using CAMSoC. This limited cross-industry analysis provides two key socio-management insights: the biggest source of motivation that causes deviant behavior leading to accidents is 'Faulty Value Systems'. The second biggest source is 'Enforceable Trust'. From a management control perspective, deterioration in safety culture and resultant accidents is more due to the 'action controls' rather than explicit 'cultural controls'. Future research directions to enhance the model's utility through layering are addressed briefly. PMID:16911855
Rao, Suman
ECE 2100 Circuit Analysis Laboratory: Safety and Rules updated 8 October 2010
safety precautions, and common sense. There are a number of hazards present in any electrical engineering Safety 1. Do not work alone on energized electrical equipment. 2. Power must be switched off whenever1 ECE 2100 Circuit Analysis Laboratory: Safety and Rules updated 8 October 2010 Safety
Miller, Damon A.
Performance analysis and verification of safety communication protocol in train control system
Performance analysis and verification of safety communication protocol are important techniques during protocol development process. In order to meet the requirement of safety, an advanced safety communication protocol is proposed to improve the protocol in EURORADIO. Among the improved protocol, the following two elements are added: (1) advanced scheme of establishment of safety connection. (2) double serial number replaces time
Li-jie Chen; Zhen-yu Shan; Tao Tang; Hong-jie Liu
The automatic recognition of human face presents a significant challenge to the pattern recognition research community recently. As a traditional method for face recognition, principal component analysis (PCA) may neglect differentia. Since kernel partial least squares (KPLS) creates orthogonal score vectors by using the existing correlations and keeps most of the variance between different classes, it can compensate for the
Xiujuan Li; Jie Ma; Shutao Li
Ambiguities in the partial-wave analysis of pseudoscalar-meson photoproduction
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ambiguities in pseudoscalar-meson photoproduction, arising from incomplete experimental data, have analogs in pion-nucleon scattering. Amplitude ambiguities have important implications for the problems of amplitude extraction and resonance identification in partial-wave analysis. The effect of these ambiguities on observables is described. We compare our results with those found in earlier studies.
Keaton, Greg; Workman, Ron
Purpose � Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling has become a pivotal empirical research method in international marketing. Owing to group comparisons' important role in research on international marketing, we provide researchers with recommendations on how to conduct multigroup analyses in PLS path modeling. Methodology\\/approach � We review available multigroup analysis methods in PLS path modeling and introduce a novel
Marko Sarstedt; J�rg Henseler; Christian M. Ringle
Concurrent EEG\\/fMRI analysis by multiway Partial Least Squares
Data may now be recorded concurrently from EEG and functional MRI, using the Simultaneous Imaging for Tomographic Electrophysiology (SITE) method. As yet, there is no established means to integrate the analysis of the combined data set. Recognizing that the hemodynamically convolved time-varying EEG spectrum, S, is intrinsically multidimensional in space, frequency, and time motivated us to use multiway Partial Least-Squares
Eduardo Mart??nez-Montes; Pedro A. Vald�s-Sosa; Fumikazu Miwakeichi; Robin I. Goldman; Mark S. Cohen; E. Martinez-Montes
Comparative Study of Various Normal Mode Analysis Techniques Based on Partial Hessians
Standard normal mode analysis becomes problematic for complex molecular systems, as a result of both the high computational cost and the excessive amount of information when the full Hessian matrix is used. Several partial Hessian methods have been proposed in the literature, yielding approximate normal modes. These methods aim at reducing the computational load and/or calculating only the relevant normal modes of interest in a specific application. Each method has its own (dis)advantages and application field but guidelines for the most suitable choice are lacking. We have investigated several partial Hessian methods, including the Partial Hessian Vibrational Analysis (PHVA), the Mobile Block Hessian (MBH), and the Vibrational Subsystem Analysis (VSA). In this article, we focus on the benefits and drawbacks of these methods, in terms of the reproduction of localized modes, collective modes, and the performance in partially optimized structures. We find that the PHVA is suitable for describing localized modes, that the MBH not only reproduces localized and global modes but also serves as an analysis tool of the spectrum, and that the VSA is mostly useful for the reproduction of the low frequency spectrum. These guidelines are illustrated with the reproduction of the localized amine-stretch, the spectrum of quinine and a bis-cinchona derivative, and the low frequency modes of the LAO binding protein. PMID:19813181
A Safety Analysis Method Using Fault Tree Analysis and Petri Nets
In this paper, we describe a safety analysis method that utilizes two models, namely, Petri nets to model the behavioral aspects of a system, and fault tree analysis to model failure and hence unacceptable behaviors of a system. Using petri nets and fault tree analysis, we should be able to perform both forward and backward reachability analyses that are related
Hassan Reza; Malvika Pimple; Varun Krishna; Jared Hildle
Risk and uncertainty analysis in government safety decisions.
Probabilistic risk analysis (PRA) can be an effective tool to assess risks and uncertainties and to set priorities among safety policy options. Based on systems analysis and Bayesian probability, PRA has been applied to a wide range of cases, three of which are briefly presented here: the maintenance of the tiles of the space shuttle, the management of patient risk in anesthesia, and the choice of seismic provisions of building codes for the San Francisco Bay Area. In the quantification of a risk, a number of problems arise in the public sector where multiple stakeholders are involved. In this article, I describe different approaches to the treatments of uncertainties in risk analysis, their implications for risk ranking, and the role of risk analysis results in the context of a safety decision process. I also discuss the implications of adopting conservative hypotheses before proceeding to what is, in essence, a conditional uncertainty analysis, and I explore some implications of different levels of "conservatism" for the ranking of risk mitigation measures. PMID:12088238
Pat�-Cornell, Elisabeth
Safety analysis, 200 Area, Savannah River Plant: Separations area operations
The nev HB-Line, located on the fifth and sixth levels of Building 221-H, is designed to replace the aging existing HB-Line production facility. The nev HB-Line consists of three separate facilities: the Scrap Recovery Facility, the Neptunium Oxide Facility, and the Plutonium Oxide Facility. There are three separate safety analyses for the nev HB-Line, one for each of the three facilities. These are issued as supplements to the 200-Area Safety Analysis (DPSTSA-200-10). These supplements are numbered as Sup 2A, Scrap Recovery Facility, Sup 2B, Neptunium Oxide Facility, Sup 2C, Plutonium Oxide Facility. The subject of this safety analysis, the, Plutonium Oxide Facility, will convert nitrate solutions of {sup 238}Pu to plutonium oxide (PuO{sub 2}) powder. All these new facilities incorporate improvements in: (1) engineered barriers to contain contamination, (2) barriers to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contamination, (3) shielding and remote operations to decrease radiation exposure, and (4) equipment and ventilation design to provide flexibility and improved process performance.
Perkins, W.C.; Lee, R.; Allen, P.M.; Gouge, A.P.
Trends in Partial and Radical Nephrectomy: An Analysis of Case Logs from Certifying Urologists
Purpose Surgical treatment options for renal masses include radical versus partial nephrectomy and the open versus laparoscopic approach. Using American Board of Urology case log data, we investigated contemporary trends in these treatment options and how surgeon and practice characteristics may influence these trends. Materials and Methods Annualized case log data for nephrectomies were obtained from the American Board of Urology for all urologists certifying or recertifying, from 2002 to 2010. We evaluated the trends in nephrectomy use. Logistic regressions were used to evaluate surgeon and practice characteristics as predictors for partial and laparoscopic procedures. Results From the 3,852 case logs submitted by non-pediatric urologists, 48,384 nephrectomies were analyzed. From 2002 to 2010, the proportion of annual nephrectomies that were performed as open radical nephrectomies gradually decreased from 54% to 29%. During the same period, there was a moderate gradual increase of laparoscopic radical nephrectomy usage, from 30% to 39%. The proportion of open partial nephrectomy remained stable at 15% while laparoscopic partial nephrectomy increased from 2% to 17%. On multivariable analysis, usage of partial nephrectomy and laparoscopy was predicted by a urologist�s annual nephrectomy volume, initial or recertification status, subspecialty, practice area size, and geographic region. Conclusions Since 2002, usage of laparoscopic nephrectomy and partial nephrectomy has increased. However, the diffusion of these techniques is not uniform. Initial certification, higher surgical volume, and practicing in areas over 1,000,000 and northeast region were associated with higher usage of laparoscopy and partial nephrectomy. Factors that affect the adoption of these techniques require further research. PMID:23454156
Poon, Stephen A.; Silberstein, Jonathan L.; Chen, Ling Y.; Ehdaie, Behfar; Kim, Philip H.; Russo, Paul
The regulatory requirement to develop an upgraded safety basis for a DOE nuclear facility was realized in January 2001 by issuance of a revision to Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations Section 830 (10 CFR 830).1 Subpart B of 10 CFR 830, �Safety Basis Requirements,� requires a contractor responsible for a DOE Hazard Category 1, 2, or 3 nuclear facility to either submit by April 9, 2001 the existing safety basis which already meets the requirements of Subpart B, or to submit by April 10, 2003 an upgraded facility safety basis that meets the revised requirements.1 10 CFR 830 identifies Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide 1.70, �Standard Format and Content of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants�2 as a safe harbor methodology for preparation of a DOE reactor documented safety analysis (DSA). The regulation also allows for use of a graded approach. This report presents the methodology that was developed for preparing the reactor accident analysis portion of the Advanced Test Reactor Critical Facility (ATRC) upgraded DSA. The methodology was approved by DOE for developing the ATRC safety basis as an appropriate application of a graded approach to the requirements of 10 CFR 830.
Gregg L. Sharp; R. T. McCracken
The regulatory requirement to develop an upgraded safety basis for a DOE Nuclear Facility was realized in January 2001 by issuance of a revision to Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations Section 830 (10 CFR 830). Subpart B of 10 CFR 830, ''Safety Basis Requirements,'' requires a contractor responsible for a DOE Hazard Category 1, 2, or 3 nuclear facility to either submit by April 9, 2001 the existing safety basis which already meets the requirements of Subpart B, or to submit by April 10, 2003 an upgraded facility safety basis that meets the revised requirements. 10 CFR 830 identifies Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Regulatory Guide 1.70, ''Standard Format and Content of Safety Analysis Reports for Nuclear Power Plants'' as a safe harbor methodology for preparation of a DOE reactor documented safety analysis (DSA). The regulation also allows for use of a graded approach. This report presents the methodology that was developed for preparing the reactor accident analysis portion of the Advanced Test Reactor Critical Facility (ATRC) upgraded DSA. The methodology was approved by DOE for developing the ATRC safety basis as an appropriate application of a graded approach to the requirements of 10 CFR 830.
Sharp, G.L.; McCracken, R.T.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The microleakage at the interface between the metal infrastructure and the veneering part of the fixed partial dentures are a common problem of aesthetic dentistry. It is possible to use the method of laser microspectral analysis for investigations of microleakage at the metal-veneering material interfaces in fixed partial prostheses. The laser microspectral analysis device LMA-10 (Carl Zeiss, Jena) was used equipped with a diffraction spectrometer PGS-2 (Carl Zeiss, Jena). Different fixed partial dentures were used to determine the microleakage between the metal infrastructure and the veneering material. The distribution of chemical elements at interface infiltration was investigated, making a series of craters and establishing the spectra of the vapours emitted from the craters. Data was gathered in various tables of chemical elements showing the quality and the quantity of microleakage. The laser microspectral analysis is a punctual method of analysis, which allows to investigate small quantities of materials of around 0.1 ?g. This method allows to establish the content of atoms and molecules and to perform semi-quantitative and quantitative analysis. By this method it is possible to establish trace elements, i. e. with concentration of ppm (parts per million).
Negrutiu, Meda L.; Sinescu, Cosmin; Draganescu, Gheorghe; Todea, Carmen; Dodenciu, Dorin; Rominu, Roxana
Modeling and Analysis of Safety-Critical Cyber Physical Systems using State/Event Fault Trees
Modeling and Analysis of Safety-Critical Cyber Physical Systems using State/Event Fault Trees Introduction For ensuring the safety of technical systems, fault trees (FTs) are an estab- lished methodology in safety analysis. Especially in the eld of cyber physical systems (CPSs), where numerous interfaces come
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Safety Optimization: A Combination of Fault Tree Analysis and Optimization Techniques
We present a new form of quantitative safety analysis - safety optimization. This method is a combination of fault tree analysis(FTA) and mathematical optimization tech- niques. With the use of the results of FTA, statistics, and a quantication of the costs of hazards, it allows to nd the optimal conguration of a given system with respect to op- posed safety
Frank Ortmeier; Wolfgang Reif
Functional network connectivity analysis based on partial correlation in Alzheimer's disease
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Functional network connectivity (FNC) measures the temporal dependency among the time courses of functional networks. However, the marginal correlation between two networks used in the classic FNC analysis approach doesn't separate the FNC from the direct/indirect effects of other networks. In this study, we proposed an alternative approach based on partial correlation to evaluate the FNC, since partial correlation based FNC can reveal the direct interaction between a pair of networks, removing dependencies or influences from others. Previous studies have demonstrated less task-specific activation and less rest-state activity in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We applied present approach to contrast FNC differences of resting state network (RSN) between AD and normal controls (NC). The fMRI data under resting condition were collected from 15 AD and 16 NC. FNC was calculated for each pair of six RSNs identified using Group ICA, thus resulting in 15 (2 out of 6) pairs for each subject. Partial correlation based FNC analysis indicated 6 pairs significant differences between groups, while marginal correlation only revealed 2 pairs (involved in the partial correlation results). Additionally, patients showed lower correlation than controls among most of the FNC differences. Our results provide new evidences for the disconnection hypothesis in AD.
Zhang, Nan; Guan, Xiaoting; Zhang, Yumei; Li, Jingjing; Chen, Hongyan; Chen, Kewei; Fleisher, Adam; Yao, Li; Wu, Xia
Safety Analysis of Soybean Processing for Advanced Life Support
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Soybeans (cv. Hoyt) is one of the crops planned for food production within the Advanced Life Support System Integration Testbed (ALSSIT), a proposed habitat simulation for long duration lunar/Mars missions. Soybeans may be processed into a variety of food products, including soymilk, tofu, and tempeh. Due to the closed environmental system and importance of crew health maintenance, food safety is a primary concern on long duration space missions. Identification of the food safety hazards and critical control points associated with the closed ALSSIT system is essential for the development of safe food processing techniques and equipment. A Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) model was developed to reflect proposed production and processing protocols for ALSSIT soybeans. Soybean processing was placed in the type III risk category. During the processing of ALSSIT-grown soybeans, critical control points were identified to control microbiological hazards, particularly mycotoxins, and chemical hazards from antinutrients. Critical limits were suggested at each CCP. Food safety recommendations regarding the hazards and risks associated with growing, harvesting, and processing soybeans; biomass management; and use of multifunctional equipment were made in consideration of the limitations and restraints of the closed ALSSIT.
Hentges, Dawn L.
Fault Tree Analysis Application for Safety and Reliability
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Many commercial software tools exist for fault tree analysis (FTA), an accepted method for mitigating risk in systems. The method embedded in the tools identifies a root as use in system components, but when software is identified as a root cause, it does not build trees into the software component. No commercial software tools have been built specifically for development and analysis of software fault trees. Research indicates that the methods of FTA could be applied to software, but the method is not practical without automated tool support. With appropriate automated tool support, software fault tree analysis (SFTA) may be a practical technique for identifying the underlying cause of software faults that may lead to critical system failures. We strive to demonstrate that existing commercial tools for FTA can be adapted for use with SFTA, and that applied to a safety-critical system, SFTA can be used to identify serious potential problems long before integrator and system testing.
Wallace, Dolores R.
Interim results of two open-label extension studies assessed ezogabine/retigabine safety and tolerability for partial-onset seizures. At data cutoff, 336 (60%) patients received ? 12 months' open-label ezogabine/retigabine. The most common TEAEs included dizziness (22%), somnolence (19%), headache (14%), and fatigue (10%). Change in seizure frequency from baseline (median reduction, 53%) and responder rate (52.5%) was maintained in patients remaining on ezogabine/retigabine. Continuous 6-month and 12-month seizure-free rates for ezogabine/retigabine exposures ? 12 months were 13.1% and 7.1%, respectively. PMID:22771137
Gil-Nagel, Antonio; Brodie, Martin J; Leroy, Robert; Cyr, Tracy; Hall, Susan; Castiglia, Mary; Twomey, Colleen; VanLandingham, Kevan
Partial Whitening SVD Analysis and its application to tropical-extratropical teleconnections
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Various multivariate statistical methods have been established and proven useful for isolating relationships between datasets. Many popular linear methods are based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) and include Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA), Maximum Covariance Analysis (MCA), and Redundancy Analysis (RDA). In this study, Partial Whitening SVD Analysis (PWSVD) is introduced as a new technique that maximizes the squared covariance between partially-whitened variables. Applied as a pre-filter, the partial whitening transformation acts to decorrelate and normalize individual variables to a fractional degree that is specified prior. Particular PWSVD solutions include a new and effective regularization for CCA as well a variance bias correction for MCA. Also, given some crude prior expectation of the signal-to-noise, asymmetric PWSVD solutions can provide significant benefit, and the full range of solutions bridges those of CCA, MCA and RDA. After deriving PWSVD, it is used to linearly relate precipitation in the tropical Pacific with Northern Hemisphere extratropical circulation during boreal winter, and solutions are contrasted with those of traditional methods. It is demonstrated that PWSVD produces a highly robust representation of the dominant teleconnections, namely ENSO and ENSO Modoki, or flavors of ENSO. Lastly, the practical use of PWSVD is encouraged for a range of applications.
Swenson, Erik
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Discusses safety issues in science, including: allergic reactions to peanuts used in experiments; explosions in lead/acid batteries; and inspection of pressure vessels, such as pressure cookers or model steam engines. (MKR)
Education in Science, 1996
This document was prepared to take the place of a Safety Evaluation Report since the Baseline Safety Analysis File (BSAF)and associated Baseline Technical Safety Requirements (TSR) File do not meet the requirements of a complete safety analysis documentation. Its purpose is to present in summary form the background of how the BSAF and Baseline TSR originated and a description of the process by which it was produced and approved for use in the Environmental Restoration Program.The BSAF is a facility safety reference document for INEL environmental restoration activities including environmental remediation of inactive waste sites and decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) of surplus facilities. The BSAF contains safety bases common to environmental restoration activities and guidelines for performing and documenting safety analysis. The common safety bases can be incorporated by reference into the safety analysis documentation prepared for individual environmental restoration activities with justification and any necessary revisions. The safety analysis guidelines in BSAF provide an accepted method for hazard analysis; analysis of normal, abnormal, and accident conditions; human factors analysis; and derivation of TSRS. The BSAF safety bases and guidelines are graded for environmental restoration activities.
Not Available
Survey of systems safety analysis methods and their application to nuclear waste management systems
This report reviews system safety analysis methods and examines their application to nuclear waste management systems. The safety analysis methods examined include expert opinion, maximum credible accident approach, design basis accidents approach, hazard indices, preliminary hazards analysis, failure modes and effects analysis, fault trees, event trees, cause-consequence diagrams, G0 methodology, Markov modeling, and a general category of consequence analysis models. Previous and ongoing studies on the safety of waste management systems are discussed along with their limitations and potential improvements. The major safety methods and waste management safety related studies are surveyed. This survey provides information on what safety methods are available, what waste management safety areas have been analyzed, and what are potential areas for future study.
Pelto, P.J.; Winegardner, W.K.; Gallucci, R.H.V.
Chiral Two-Pion Exchange and Proton-Proton Partial-Wave Analysis
The chiral two-pion exchange component of the long-range pp interaction is studied in an energy-dependent partial-wave analysis. We demonstrate its presence and importance and determine the chiral parameters c{sub i} (i=1,thinsp3,thinsp4 ). The values agree well with those obtained from pion-nucleon amplitudes. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Rentmeester, M.C.; Timmermans, R.G. [KVI, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, NL-9747 AA Groningen (The Netherlands)] [KVI, University of Groningen, Zernikelaan 25, NL-9747 AA Groningen (The Netherlands); Rentmeester, M.C.; de Swart, J.J. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen (The Netherlands)] [Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9010, NL-6500 GL Nijmegen (The Netherlands); Rentmeester, M.C. [Department of Physics, The Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042 (Australia)] [Department of Physics, The Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042 (Australia); Timmermans, R.G. [Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht (The Netherlands)] [Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Utrecht, Princetonplein 5, NL-3584 CC Utrecht (The Netherlands); Friar, J.L. [Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)] [Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545 (United States)
\\u000a Partial least squares (PLS) estimates of structural equation model path coefficients are believed to produce more accurate\\u000a estimates than those obtained with covariance structure analysis (CVA) using maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) when one\\u000a or more of the MLE assumptions are not met. However, there exists no empirical support for this belief or for the specific\\u000a conditions under which it will
John Hulland; Michael J. Ryan; Robert K. Rayner
Purpose � Partial least squares (PLS) path modeling has become a pivotal empirical research method in international marketing. Owing to group comparisons' important role in research on international marketing, we provide researchers with recommendations on how to conduct multigroup analyses in PLS path modeling.\\u000a\\u000aMethodology\\/approach � We review available multigroup analysis methods in PLS path modeling and introduce a novel
M. Sarstedt; J. Henseler; C. M. Ringle
Resonance sum rules from large $N_C$ and partial wave dispersive analysis
Combining large $N_C$ techniques and partial wave dispersion theory to analyze the $\\pi\\pi$ scattering, without relying on any explicit resonance lagrangian, some interesting results are derived: (a) a general KSRF relation including the scalar meson contribution; (b) a new relation between resonance couplings, with which we have made an intensive analysis in several specific models; (c) low energy constants in chiral perturbation theory related with $\\pi\\pi$ scattering in terms of the mass and decay width of resonances.
Zhi-Hui Guo
Limited-scope probabilistic safety analysis for the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF)
The reliability of instrumentation and safety systems is a major issue in the operation of accelerator facilities. A probabilistic safety analysis was performed or the key safety and instrumentation systems at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). in Phase I of this unique study, the Personnel Safety System (PSS) and the Current Limiters (XLs) were analyzed through the use of the fault tree analyses, failure modes and effects analysis, and criticality analysis. Phase II of the program was done to update and reevaluate the safety systems after the Phase I recommendations were implemented. This paper provides a brief review of the studies involved in Phases I and II of the program.
Sharirli, M.; Rand, J.L.; Sasser, M.K.; Gallegos, F.R.
Limited-scope probabilistic safety analysis for the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF)
The reliability of instrumentation and safety systems is a major issue in the operation of accelerator facilities. A probabilistic safety analysis was performed or the key safety and instrumentation systems at the Los Alamos Meson Physics Facility (LAMPF). in Phase I of this unique study, the Personnel Safety System (PSS) and the Current Limiters (XLs) were analyzed through the use of the fault tree analyses, failure modes and effects analysis, and criticality analysis. Phase II of the program was done to update and reevaluate the safety systems after the Phase I recommendations were implemented. This paper provides a brief review of the studies involved in Phases I and II of the program.
Sharirli, M.; Rand, J.L.; Sasser, M.K.; Gallegos, F.R.
Improved analysis of bias in Monte Carlo criticality safety
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Criticality safety, the prevention of nuclear chain reactions, depends on Monte Carlo computer codes for most commercial applications. One major shortcoming of these codes is the limited accuracy of the atomic and nuclear data files they depend on. In order to apply a code and its data files to a given criticality safety problem, the code must first be benchmarked against similar problems for which the answer is known. The difference between a code prediction and the known solution is termed the "bias" of the code. Traditional calculations of the bias for application to commercial criticality problems are generally full of assumptions and lead to large uncertainties which must be conservatively factored into the bias as statistical tolerances. Recent trends in storing commercial nuclear fuel---narrowed regulatory margins of safety, degradation of neutron absorbers, the desire to use higher enrichment fuel, etc.---push the envelope of criticality safety. They make it desirable to minimize uncertainty in the bias to accommodate these changes, and they make it vital to understand what assumptions are safe to make under what conditions. A set of improved procedures is proposed for (1) developing multivariate regression bias models, and (2) applying multivariate regression bias models. These improved procedures lead to more accurate estimates of the bias and much smaller uncertainties about this estimate, while also generally providing more conservative results. The drawback is that the procedures are not trivial and are highly labor intensive to implement. The payback in savings in margin to criticality and conservatism for calculations near regulatory and safety limits may be worth this cost. To develop these procedures, a bias model using the statistical technique of weighted least squares multivariate regression is developed in detail. Problems that can occur from a weak statistical analysis are highlighted, and a solid statistical method for developing the bias model is demonstrated. Simulations of the bias model development by a casual analyst are compared with the rigorously developed bias model. In particular, questions of benchmark critical experiment sample size and selection methods are examined.
Haley, Thomas C.
Documented Safety Analysis for the B695 Segment
This Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) was prepared for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Building 695 (B695) Segment of the Decontamination and Waste Treatment Facility (DWTF). The report provides comprehensive information on design and operations, including safety programs and safety structures, systems and components to address the potential process-related hazards, natural phenomena, and external hazards that can affect the public, facility workers, and the environment. Consideration is given to all modes of operation, including the potential for both equipment failure and human error. The facilities known collectively as the DWTF are used by LLNL's Radioactive and Hazardous Waste Management (RHWM) Division to store and treat regulated wastes generated at LLNL. RHWM generally processes low-level radioactive waste with no, or extremely low, concentrations of transuranics (e.g., much less than 100 nCi/g). Wastes processed often contain only depleted uranium and beta- and gamma-emitting nuclides, e.g., {sup 90}Sr, {sup 137}Cs, or {sup 3}H. The mission of the B695 Segment centers on container storage, lab-packing, repacking, overpacking, bulking, sampling, waste transfer, and waste treatment. The B695 Segment is used for storage of radioactive waste (including transuranic and low-level), hazardous, nonhazardous, mixed, and other waste. Storage of hazardous and mixed waste in B695 Segment facilities is in compliance with the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). LLNL is operated by the Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC, for the Department of Energy (DOE). The B695 Segment is operated by the RHWM Division of LLNL. Many operations in the B695 Segment are performed under a Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) operation plan, similar to commercial treatment operations with best demonstrated available technologies. The buildings of the B695 Segment were designed and built considering such operations, using proven building systems, and keeping them as simple as possible while complying with industry standards and institutional requirements. No operations to be performed in the B695 Segment or building system are considered to be complex. No anticipated future change in the facility mission is expected to impact the extent of safety analysis documented in this DSA.
Laycak, D
The Canister Storage Building (CSB) will be constructed in the 200 East Area of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hanford Site. The CSB will be used to stage and store spent nuclear fuel (SNF) removed from the Hanford Site K Basins. The objective of this chapter is to describe the characteristics of the site on which the CSB will be located. This description will support the hazard analysis and accident analyses in Chapter 3.0. The purpose of this report is to provide an evaluation of the CSB design criteria, the design's compliance with the applicable criteria, and the basis for authorization to proceed with construction of the CSB.
Garvin, L.J.
Formal Support for Quantitative Analysis of Residual Risks in Safety-Critical Systems
Formal Support for Quantitative Analysis of Residual Risks in Safety-Critical Systems Jonas in safety-critical systems new challenges to lower the costs and decrease time-to-market, while preserving and particular, the im- pact of probable faults on system level safety. Every poten- tial fault must
Safety analysis of software product lines using state-based modeling q , Josh Dehlinger a
reserved. Keywords: Product lines; Safety-critical systems; Model-based development; State-based modeling 1 analysis in safety-critical, software product lines. The work described here contributes to a solution scenario-guided executions of the state model over the variations. The paper uses a product line of safety-critical
Lutz, Robyn R.
Software Approach to Hazard Detection Using On-line Analysis of Safety Constraints
Software Approach to Hazard Detection Using On-line Analysis of Safety Constraints Beth Schroedey. The research here addresses the problem of enhancing software safety through hazard detection. The premise.gatech.edu Abstract Hazard situations in safety-critical systems are typically complex, so there is a need for means
Plale, Beth
The purpose of this paper is to clarify high-leverage changes indispensable for improving safety culture through organizational learning. Although the concept of safety culture appears to have become increasingly important, there is no established way to improve it. Through systemic analysis and model building of the process of deterioration of safety culture in three recent major organizational accidents, we identified
Shigehisa Tsuchiya; K. Ito; M. Sato
Analysis of the NFPA Fire Safety Evaluation System for Business Occupancies
The NFPA Fire Safety Evaluation System (FSES) provides a multiattribute approach to evaluating fire safety performance. Published in NFPA 101A, which addresses business occupancy as one of the four types of building use, the FSES consists of a process whereby fire safety parameters are assigned values, and a resulting score is calculated. The analysis in this paper uses the parametric
John M. Watts
A Domain-Specific Safety Analysis for Digital Nuclear Plant Protection Systems
systems safety through performing various safety analysis techniques together such as FTA (Fault Tree-critical systems, many software fault tree analysis techniques [19], [15], [5], [10], [9], [13] have been even after constructing fault trees mechan- ically. Therefore, the software fault tree analysis
Safety Optimization: A combination of fault tree analysis and optimization techniques
1 Safety Optimization: A combination of fault tree analysis and optimization techniques Frank optimization. This method is a combination of fault tree analysis(FTA) and mathematical optimization tech. Safety optimization is an enhancement to the wellknown fault tree analysis (FTA) [16][2] which makes
Reif, Wolfgang
This report details progress toward completion of a long-term pion-nucleon partial wave analysis, summarizing results and conclusions to date. The report also discussed progress in using partial wave and resonance parameter results to test dynamical models of the baryon and in better understanding interquark forces within baryons.
Hendrick, R.E.
Safety analysis factors for environmental restoration and decontamination and decommissioning
Environmental restoration (ER) and facility decontamination/decommissioning (D&D) operations can be grouped into two general categories. ``Nonstationary cleanup`` or simply ``cleanup`` activities are where the operation must relocate to the site of new contaminated material at the completion of each task (i.e., the operation moves to the contaminated material). ``Stationary production`` or simply ``production`` activities are where the contaminated material is moved to a centralized location (i.e., the contaminated material is moved to the operation) for analysis, sorting, treatment, storage, and disposal. This paper addresses the issue of nonstationary cleanup design. The following are the specific assigned action items: Collect and compile a list of special safety-related ER/D&D design factors, especially ones that don`t follow DOE Order 6430.1A requirements. Develop proposal of what makes sense to recommend to designers; especially consider recommendations for short-term projects. Present proposal at the January meeting. To achieve the action items, applicable US Department of Energy (DOE) design requirements, and cleanup operations and differences from production activities are reviewed and summarized; basic safety requirements influencing design are summarized; and finally, approaches, considerations, and methods for safe, cost-effective design of cleanup activities are discussed.
Ellingson, D.R.
Documented Safety Analysis for the Waste Storage Facilities
This documented safety analysis (DSA) for the Waste Storage Facilities was developed in accordance with 10 CFR 830, Subpart B, 'Safety Basis Requirements', and utilizes the methodology outlined in DOE-STD-3009-94, Change Notice 3. The Waste Storage Facilities consist of Area 625 (A625) and the Decontamination and Waste Treatment Facility (DWTF) Storage Area portion of the DWTF complex. These two areas are combined into a single DSA, as their functions as storage for radioactive and hazardous waste are essentially identical. The B695 Segment of DWTF is addressed under a separate DSA. This DSA provides a description of the Waste Storage Facilities and the operations conducted therein; identification of hazards; analyses of the hazards, including inventories, bounding releases, consequences, and conclusions; and programmatic elements that describe the current capacity for safe operations. The mission of the Waste Storage Facilities is to safely handle, store, and treat hazardous waste, transuranic (TRU) waste, low-level waste (LLW), mixed waste, combined waste, nonhazardous industrial waste, and conditionally accepted waste generated at LLNL (as well as small amounts from other DOE facilities).
Laycak, D
Documented Safety Analysis for the Waste Storage Facilities March 2010
This Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) for the Waste Storage Facilities was developed in accordance with 10 CFR 830, Subpart B, 'Safety Basis Requirements,' and utilizes the methodology outlined in DOE-STD-3009-94, Change Notice 3. The Waste Storage Facilities consist of Area 625 (A625) and the Decontamination and Waste Treatment Facility (DWTF) Storage Area portion of the DWTF complex. These two areas are combined into a single DSA, as their functions as storage for radioactive and hazardous waste are essentially identical. The B695 Segment of DWTF is addressed under a separate DSA. This DSA provides a description of the Waste Storage Facilities and the operations conducted therein; identification of hazards; analyses of the hazards, including inventories, bounding releases, consequences, and conclusions; and programmatic elements that describe the current capacity for safe operations. The mission of the Waste Storage Facilities is to safely handle, store, and treat hazardous waste, transuranic (TRU) waste, low-level waste (LLW), mixed waste, combined waste, nonhazardous industrial waste, and conditionally accepted waste generated at LLNL (as well as small amounts from other DOE facilities).
Laycak, D T
In this paper we present the formal safety analysis of a radio- based railroad crossing. We use deductive cause-consequence analysis (DCCA) as analysis method. DCCA is a novel technique to analyze safety of embedded systems with formal methods. It substitutes error-prone in- formal reasoning by mathematical proofs. DCCA allows to rigorously prove whether a failure on component level is the
Frank Ortmeier; Wolfgang Reif; Gerhard Schellhorn
Planning Document for an NBSR Conversion Safety Analysis Report
The NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) is a reactor-laboratory complex providing the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the nation with a world-class facility for the performance of neutron-based research. The heart of this facility is the National Bureau of Standards Reactor (NBSR). The NBSR is a heavy water moderated and cooled reactor operating at 20 MW. It is fueled with high-enriched uranium (HEU) fuel elements. A Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI) program is underway to convert the reactor to low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuel. This program includes the qualification of the proposed fuel, uranium and molybdenum alloy foil clad in an aluminum alloy, and the development of the fabrication techniques. This report is a planning document for the conversion Safety Analysis Report (SAR) that would be submitted to, and approved by, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) before the reactor could be converted.This report follows the recommended format and content from the NRC codified in NUREG-1537, �Guidelines for Preparing and Reviewing Applications for the Licensing of Non-power Reactors,� Chapter 18, �Highly Enriched to Low-Enriched Uranium Conversions.� The emphasis herein is on the SAR chapters that require significant changes as a result of conversion, primarily Chapter 4, Reactor Description, and Chapter 13, Safety Analysis. The document provides information on the proposed design for the LEU fuel elements and identifies what information is still missing. This document is intended to assist ongoing fuel development efforts, and to provide a platform for the development of the final conversion SAR. This report contributes directly to the reactor conversion pillar of the GTRI program, but also acts as a boundary condition for the fuel development and fuel fabrication pillars.
Diamond D. J.; Baek J.; Hanson, A.L.; Cheng, L-Y.; Brown, N.; Cuadra, A.
Reliability Analysis of Safety-Related Communication Architectures
architectures in safety-critical systems. This con- cept has been motivated by applications in the railway Railway Control Systems In safety related communication domains there are two important characteristics in the grey channel will really increase the overall reliability of the distributed safety-critical control
Peleska, Jan - Fachbereich 3
Analysis techniques for airborne laser range safety evaluations
Techniques to evaluate safety of airborne laser operations on the range are reported. The objectives of the safety evaluations were to (1) protect civilian and military personnel from the hazards associated with lasers, (2) provide users with the least restrictive constraints in which to perform their mission and still maintain an adequate degree of safety, and (3) develop a data
M. S. Ramsburg; D. L. Jenkins; R. D. Doerflein
Human-Centered Safety Analysis of Prospective Road Designs
One of the most important issues in road safety management is the lack of reliable methods for predicting the likelihood of accidents. Road safety assessment systems have been developed; however, these systems only employ historical or retrospective analyses, and the human factor element is weak or missing. Effective safety management requires both holistic and prospective viewpoints, with human factors having
Andreas Gregoriades; Alistair G. Sutcliffe; Georgios Papageorgiou; Panos Louvieris
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
... 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Analysis for an unguided suborbital launch vehicle flown...TRANSPORTATION LICENSING LAUNCH SAFETY Flight Safety Analysis � 417.233 Analysis for an unguided suborbital launch vehicle...
Improved Flow Modeling in Transient Reactor Safety Analysis Computer Codes
A method of accounting for fluid-to-fluid shear in between calculational cells over a wide range of flow conditions envisioned in reactor safety studies has been developed such that it may be easily implemented into a computer code such as COBRA-TF for more detailed subchannel analysis. At a given nodal height in the calculational model, equivalent hydraulic diameters are determined for each specific calculational cell using either laminar or turbulent velocity profiles. The velocity profile may be determined from a separate CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analysis, experimental data, or existing semi-empirical relationships. The equivalent hydraulic diameter is then applied to the wall drag force calculation so as to determine the appropriate equivalent fluid-to-fluid shear caused by the wall for each cell based on the input velocity profile. This means of assigning the shear to a specific cell is independent of the actual wetted perimeter and flow area for the calculational cell. The use of this equivalent hydraulic diameter for each cell within a calculational subchannel results in a representative velocity profile which can further increase the accuracy and detail of heat transfer and fluid flow modeling within the subchannel when utilizing a thermal hydraulics systems analysis computer code such as COBRA-TF. Utilizing COBRA-TF with the flow modeling enhancement results in increased accuracy for a coarse-mesh model without the significantly greater computational and time requirements of a full-scale 3D (three-dimensional) transient CFD calculation. (authors)
Holowach, M.J.; Hochreiter, L.E.; Cheung, F.B. [The Pennsylvania State University, 237 Reber Building, University Park, PA (United States)
A novel approach to the structural analysis of partially decorated actin based filaments.
We describe a novel set of single particle based procedures for the structural analysis of electron microscope images of muscle thin filaments and other partially decorated actin based filaments. The thin filament comprises actin and the regulatory proteins tropomyosin and troponin in a 7:1:1M ratio. Prior to our work, structure analysis from electron microscope images of the thin filament has largely involved either helical averaging defined by the underlying actin helix or the use of single particle analysis but using a starting model as a reference structure. Our single particle based approach yields an accurate structure for the complete thin filament by avoiding the loss of information from troponin and tropomyosin associated with helical averaging and also removing the potential reference bias associated with the use of a starting model. The approach is more widely applicable to sub-stoichiometric complexes of F-actin and actin-binding proteins. PMID:20025974
Paul, Danielle M; Squire, John M; Morris, Edward P
A novel approach to the structural analysis of partially decorated actin based filaments
We describe a novel set of single particle based procedures for the structural analysis of electron microscope images of muscle thin filaments and other partially decorated actin based filaments. The thin filament comprises actin and the regulatory proteins tropomyosin and troponin in a 7:1:1�M ratio. Prior to our work, structure analysis from electron microscope images of the thin filament has largely involved either helical averaging defined by the underlying actin helix or the use of single particle analysis but using a starting model as a reference structure. Our single particle based approach yields an accurate structure for the complete thin filament by avoiding the loss of information from troponin and tropomyosin associated with helical averaging and also removing the potential reference bias associated with the use of a starting model. The approach is more widely applicable to sub-stoichiometric complexes of F-actin and actin-binding proteins. PMID:20025974
Paul, Danielle M.; Squire, John M.; Morris, Edward P.
Numerical analysis of a SNOM tip based on a partially cladded optical fiber.
A Scanning Nearfield Optical Microscope (SNOM) tip with partial metallic cladding is presented. For its design, a very demanding 2D eigenvalue analysis of an optical waveguide with material and radiation losses is carried out by the Multiple Multipole Program (MMP) and by the Finite Element Method (FEM). These simulations require some special tricks that are outlined. The computed 2D MMP and FEM results are compared and discussed. This 2D analysis is followed by a full 3D FEM analysis of the SNOM tip. The obtained 3D results confirm the corresponding 2D predictions. Important conclusions regarding the guiding capabilities of the chosen structure and the efficiency of the applied numerical methods are presented. PMID:22109194
Smajic, Jasmin; Hafner, Christian
As a component of E3 ubiquitin protein ligases called SCFs, SKP2 protein belongs to a member of FBLs protein which is the biggest eukaryotic subfamily of F-BOX proteins with 12 members. In this study, we cloned and sequenced partial cDNA, intron 1 and intron 6 of porcine SKP2 gene. The partial cDNA is 1,402 bp long and has an open reading frame of 1,272 bp which encodes 424 putative amino acids. The deduced protein comprises a conserved F-BOX domain at position from the 90th to 140th amino acid. The phylogenetic tree indicated that porcine SKP2 has the closest genetic relationship with bovine SKP2 than other selected animal species. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis displayed that the tissue expression level of porcine SKP2 fluctuated remarkably in a large range, and it expressed in thymus with the highest level and in longissimus dorsi muscle with the lowest level. Two SNPs were identified, meanwhile, further polymorphism analysis with Cfr42I showed that AA genotype was in dominance absolutely among four kinds of unrelated Chinese indigenous miniature and one introduced Landrace pig breeds. In addition, association analysis with immune traits and blood parameters revealed that the SNP Cfr42I in intron 1 was significantly associated with red cell distribution width of neonate piglets at 0 day (P = 0.027). PMID:19322678
Li, Y; Yang, S L; Tang, Z L; Cui, W T; Mu, Y L; Chu, M X; Zhao, S H; Wu, Z F; Peng, K M; Li, K
Partial wave analysis of J\\/\\\\psi \\\\to \\\\gamma \\\\phi \\\\phi
Using $5.8 \\\\times 10^7 J\\/\\\\psi$ events collected in the BESII detector, the\\u000aradiative decay $J\\/\\\\psi \\\\to \\\\gamma \\\\phi \\\\phi \\\\to \\\\gamma K^+ K^- K^0_S K^0_L$ is\\u000astudied. The $\\\\phi\\\\phi$ invariant mass distribution exhibits a near-threshold\\u000aenhancement that peaks around 2.24 GeV\\/$c^{2}$.\\u000a A partial wave analysis shows that the structure is dominated by a $0^{-+}$\\u000astate ($\\\\eta(2225)$) with a mass of
J. Z. Bai; Y. Bai; Y. Ban; X. Cai; H. F. Chen; H. S. Chen; H. X. Chen; J. C. Chen; X. D. Chen; Y. B. Chen; Y. P. Chu; Y. S. Dai; Z. Y. Deng; J. Fang; C. D. Fu; C. S. Gao; Y. N. Gao; S. D. Gu; Y. T. Gu; Y. N. Guo; Z. J. Guo; F. A. Harris; K. L. He; Y. K. Heng; J. Hou; H. M. Hu; T. Hu; G. S. Huang; X. T. Huang; Y. P. Huang; X. B. Ji; X. S. Jiang; J. B. Jiao; D. P. Jin; S. Jin; Y. F. Lai; H. B. Li; J. Li; R. Y. Li; W. D. Li; W. G. Li; X. L. Li; X. N. Li; X. Q. Li; Y. F. Liang; H. B. Liao; B. J. Liu; C. X. Liu; Fang Liu; Feng Liu; H. H. Liu; H. M. Liu; J. B. Liu; H. B. Liu; J. Liu; Q. Liu; R. G. Liu; S. Liu; Z. A. Liu; F. Lu; G. R. Lu; J. G. Lu; C. L. Luo; H. L. Ma; L. L. Ma; Q. M. Ma; M. Q. A. Malik; Z. P. Mao; X. H. Mo; J. Nie; S. L. Olsen; R. G. Ping; N. D. Qi; H. Qin; J. F. Qiu; G. Rong; X. D. Ruan; L. Y. Shan; L. Shang; C. P. Shen; D. L. Shen; X. Y. Shen; H. Y. Sheng; H. S. Sun; S. S. Sun; Y. Z. Sun; Z. J. Sun; X. Tang; J. P. Tian; G. L. Tong; G. S. Varner; X. Wan; L. Wang; L. S. Wang; P. Wang; W. F. Wang; Y. F. Wang; Z. Wang; C. L. Wei; D. H. Wei; Y. Weng; N. Wu; X. M. Xia; X. X. Xie; G. F. Xu; X. P. Xu; Y. Xu; M. L. Yan; H. X. Yang; M. Yang; Y. X. Yang; M. H. Ye; Y. X. Ye; C. X. Yu; G. W. Yu; C. Z. Yuan; Y. Yuan; S. L. Zang; Y. Zeng; B. X. Zhang; C. C. Zhang; D. H. Zhang; H. Q. Zhang; H. Y. Zhang; J. W. Zhang; J. Y. Zhang; X. Y. Zhang; Y. Y. Zhang; Z. X. Zhang; Z. P. Zhang; D. X. Zhao; J. W. Zhao; M. G. Zhao; P. P. Zhao; Z. G. Zhao; H. Q. Zheng; J. P. Zheng; Z. P. Zheng; B. Zhong; L. Zhou; K. J. Zhu; Q. M. Zhu; X. W. Zhu; Y. C. Zhu; Y. S. Zhu; Z. A. Zhu; Z. L. Zhu; B. A. Zhuang
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
An analysis was conducted of the effect of flameholding devices on the precombustion fuel-air characteristics and on oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions for combustion of premixed partially vaporized mixtures. The analysis includes the interrelationships of flameholder droplet collection efficiency, reatomization efficiency and blockage, and the initial droplet size distribution and accounts for the contribution of droplet combustion in partially vaporized mixtures to NOx emissions. Application of the analytical procedures is illustrated and parametric predictions of NOx emissions are presented.
Cooper, L. P.
Fault tree synthesis for software design analysis of PLC based safety-critical systems
As a software verification and validation should be performed for the development of PLC based safety-critical systems, a software safety analysis is also considered in line with entire software life cycle. In this paper, we propose a technique of software safety analysis in the design phase. Among various software hazard analysis techniques, fault tree analysis is most widely used for the safety analysis of nuclear power plant systems. Fault tree analysis also has the most intuitive notation and makes both qualitative and quantitative analyses possible. To analyze the design phase more effectively, we propose a technique of fault tree synthesis, along with a universal fault tree template for the architecture modules of nuclear software. Consequently, we can analyze the safety of software on the basis of fault tree synthesis. (authors)
Koo, S. R.; Cho, C. H. [Corporate R and D Inst., Doosan Heavy Industries and Construction Co., Ltd., 39-3, Seongbok-Dong, Yongin-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 449-795 (Korea, Republic of); Seong, P. H. [Dept. of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Inst. of Science and Technology, 373-3 Guseong-dong, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-701 (Korea, Republic of)
Interface design of VSOP'94 computer code for safety analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Today, most software applications, also in the nuclear field, come with a graphical user interface. VSOP'94 (Very Superior Old Program), was designed to simplify the process of performing reactor simulation. VSOP is a integrated code system to simulate the life history of a nuclear reactor that is devoted in education and research. One advantage of VSOP program is its ability to calculate the neutron spectrum estimation, fuel cycle, 2-D diffusion, resonance integral, estimation of reactors fuel costs, and integrated thermal hydraulics. VSOP also can be used to comparative studies and simulation of reactor safety. However, existing VSOP is a conventional program, which was developed using Fortran 65 and have several problems in using it, for example, it is only operated on Dec Alpha mainframe platforms and provide text-based output, difficult to use, especially in data preparation and interpretation of results. We develop a GUI-VSOP, which is an interface program to facilitate the preparation of data, run the VSOP code and read the results in a more user friendly way and useable on the Personal 'Computer (PC). Modifications include the development of interfaces on preprocessing, processing and postprocessing. GUI-based interface for preprocessing aims to provide a convenience way in preparing data. Processing interface is intended to provide convenience in configuring input files and libraries and do compiling VSOP code. Postprocessing interface designed to visualized the VSOP output in table and graphic forms. GUI-VSOP expected to be useful to simplify and speed up the process and analysis of safety aspects.
Natsir, Khairina; Yazid, Putranto Ilham; Andiwijayakusuma, D.; Wahanani, Nursinta Adi
Background: The aim of this retrospective study is to test the hypothesis that the use of spinal analgesia shortens the length of hospital stay after partial nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: We reviewed all patients undergoing partial nephrectomy for malignancy through flank incision between January 1, 2008, and June 30, 2011. We excluded patients who underwent tumor thrombectomy, used sustained-release opioids, or had general anesthesia supplemented by epidural analgesia. Patients were grouped into �spinal� (intrathecal opioid injection for postoperative analgesia) versus �general anesthetic� group, and �early� discharge group (within 3 postoperative days) versus �late� group. Association between demographics, patient physical status, anesthetic techniques, and surgical complexity and hospital stay were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: Of 380 patients, 158 (41.6%) were discharged �early� and 151 (39.7%) were �spinal� cases. Both spinal and early discharge groups had better postoperative pain control and used less postoperative systemic opioids. Spinal analgesia was associated with early hospital discharge, odds ratio 1.52, (95% confidence interval 1.00-2.30), P = 0.05, but in adjusted analysis was no longer associated with early discharge, 1.16 (0.73-1.86), P = 0.52. Early discharge was associated with calendar year, with more recent years being associated with early discharge. Conclusion: Spinal analgesia combined with general anesthesia was associated with improved postoperative pain control during the 1st postoperative day, but not with shorter hospital stay following partial nephrectomy. Therefore, unaccounted practice changes that occurred during more recent times affected hospital stay.
Weingarten, Toby N.; Del Mundo, Serena B.; Yeoh, Tze Yeng; Scavonetto, Federica; Leibovich, Bradley C.; Sprung, Juraj
Distributed Control and Stochastic Analysis of Hybrid Systems Supporting Safety Critical Real Safety Critical Real-Time Systems Design (HYBRIDGE) DOCUMENT CHANGE LOG Version # Issue Date Sections-Time Systems Design WP3: Reachability analysis for probabilistic hybrid systems Probabilistic Aircraft Conflict
Del Moral , Pierre
Distributed Control and Stochastic Analysis of Hybrid Systems Supporting Safety Critical Real and Stochastic Analysis of Hybrid Systems Supporting Safety Critical Real-Time Systems Design (HYBRIDGE) DOCUMENT-Time Systems Design WP9: Risk assessment for a distributed control system Sequential Monte Carlo simulation
Del Moral , Pierre
Formal Safety analysis of a radiobased railroad crossing using Deductive CauseConsequence
Formal Safety analysis of a radiobased railroad crossing using Deductive email@example.com Abstract. In this paper we present the formal safety analysis of a radio based railroad crossing. We use of embedded systems with formal methods. It substitutes errorprone in formal reasoning by mathematical
Reif, Wolfgang
Formal Safety analysis of a radio-based railroad crossing using Deductive Cause-Consequence
Formal Safety analysis of a radio-based railroad crossing using Deductive email@example.com Abstract. In this paper we present the formal safety analysis of a radio- based railroad crossing. We use of embedded systems with formal methods. It substitutes error-prone in- formal reasoning by mathematical
Reif, Wolfgang
A probabilistic safety analysis of incidents in nuclear research reactors.
This work aims to evaluate the potential risks of incidents in nuclear research reactors. For its development, two databases of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) were used: the Research Reactor Data Base (RRDB) and the Incident Report System for Research Reactor (IRSRR). For this study, the probabilistic safety analysis (PSA) was used. To obtain the result of the probability calculations for PSA, the theory and equations in the paper IAEA TECDOC-636 were used. A specific program to analyse the probabilities was developed within the main program, Scilab 5.1.1. for two distributions, Fischer and chi-square, both with the confidence level of 90 %. Using Sordi equations, the maximum admissible doses to compare with the risk limits established by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) were obtained. All results achieved with this probability analysis led to the conclusion that the incidents which occurred had radiation doses within the stochastic effects reference interval established by the ICRP-64. PMID:22021060
Lopes, Valdir Maciel; Agostinho Angelo Sordi, Gian Maria; Moralles, Mauricio; Filho, Tufic Madi
DNA Damage Focus Analysis in Blood Samples of Minipigs Reveals Acute Partial Body Irradiation
Radiation accidents frequently involve acute high dose partial body irradiation leading to victims with radiation sickness and cutaneous radiation syndrome that implements radiation-induced cell death. Cells that are not lethally hit seek to repair ionizing radiation (IR) induced damage, albeit at the expense of an increased risk of mutation and tumor formation due to misrepair of IR-induced DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). The response to DNA damage includes phosphorylation of histone H2AX in the vicinity of DSBs, creating foci in the nucleus whose enumeration can serve as a radiation biodosimeter. Here, we investigated ?H2AX and DNA repair foci in peripheral blood lymphocytes of G�ttingen minipigs that experienced acute partial body irradiation (PBI) with 49 Gy (�6%) Co-60 ?-rays of the upper lumbar region. Blood samples taken 4, 24 and 168 hours post PBI were subjected to ?-H2AX, 53BP1 and MRE11 focus enumeration. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 49 Gy partial body irradiated minipigs were found to display 1�8 DNA damage foci/cell. These PBL values significantly deceed the high foci numbers observed in keratinocyte nuclei of the directly ?-irradiated minipig skin regions, indicating a limited resident time of PBL in the exposed tissue volume. Nonetheless, PBL samples obtained 4 h post IR in average contained 2.2% of cells displaying a pan-?H2AX signal, suggesting that these received a higher IR dose. Moreover, dispersion analysis indicated partial body irradiation for all 13 minipigs at 4 h post IR. While dose reconstruction using ?H2AX DNA repair foci in lymphocytes after in vivo PBI represents a challenge, the DNA damage focus assay may serve as a rapid, first line indicator of radiation exposure. The occurrence of PBLs with pan-?H2AX staining and of cells with relatively high foci numbers that skew a Poisson distribution may be taken as indicator of acute high dose partial body irradiation, particularly when samples are available early after IR exposure. PMID:24498326
Lamkowski, Andreas; Forcheron, Fabien; Agay, Diane; Ahmed, Emad A.; Drouet, Michel; Meineke, Viktor; Scherthan, Harry
A meta-analysis of bird responses to uniform partial harvesting across North America.
Most data on the effects of partial-harvest silviculture (where live trees are purposely retained at the time of harvest) on birds come from one or a few discrete harvesting treatments. It is thus difficult to infer species responses across a continuous gradient of tree retention from individual studies. To quantify the levels of tree retention expected to produce specified changes in the relative abundance of individual species, we carried out a meta-analysis of 42 studies that examined the impacts of uniform partial harvesting on North American birds. Of 34 species, sigmoidal models showed a negative effect of harvesting for 14 species and a positive effect for 6 species. Ovenbirds (Seiurus aurocapilla) and Brown Creepers (Certhia americana) were the species most sensitive to harvesting. Most of the 14 species that were negatively affected by harvesting showed 25%, 50%, and 75% reductions in abundance (relative to control sites) at tree retention levels ranging from 45 to 85%, 30-70%, and 15-50%, respectively. A few species, such as Yellow-rumped Warblers (Dendroica coronata), exhibited these levels of response at lower tree retention or were not predicted to decrease by 75% in harvested stands. Five of the 6 species that were positively affected by harvesting showed at least a 50% increase in abundance at nearly all levels of tree retention, although other early successional bird species did not appear to benefit from the relatively small openings created by uniform partial harvesting. Three of 20 species exhibited stronger responses to harvesting at a given level of tree retention in boreal and northern mixed forests of North America than other regions of the continent, but, with these exceptions, lack of variation among forest regions supported the broad-scale generality of species' responses to harvesting. The species response models we developed represent useful tools for evaluating stand-level impacts of partial harvesting on birds within an adaptive management framework. Uniform partial harvesting at light and, to a lesser degree, moderate intensities may be effective approaches to managing habitat for late successional bird species as part of broader ecosystem-based forest management. PMID:17883488
Vanderwel, Mark C; Malcolm, Jay R; Mills, Stephen C
Partial wave analysis of the reaction ?p?p? and the search for nucleon resonances
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
An event-based partial wave analysis (PWA) of the reaction ?p?p? has been performed on a high-statistics dataset obtained using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies from threshold up to 2.4 GeV. This analysis benefits from access to the world�s first high-precision spin-density matrix element measurements, available to the event-based PWA through the decay distribution of ???+?-?0. The data confirm the dominance of the t-channel ?0 exchange amplitude in the forward direction. The dominant resonance contributions are consistent with the previously identified states F15(1680) and D13(1700) near threshold, as well as the G17(2190) at higher energies. Suggestive evidence for the presence of a JP=5/2+ state around 2 GeV, a �missing� state, has also been found. Evidence for other states is inconclusive.
Williams, M.; Applegate, D.; Bellis, M.; Meyer, C. A.; Adhikari, K. P.; Anghinolfi, M.; Baghdasaryan, H.; Ball, J.; Battaglieri, M.; Bedlinskiy, I.; Berman, B. L.; Biselli, A. S.; Briscoe, W. J.; Brooks, W. K.; Burkert, V. D.; Careccia, S. L.; Carman, D. S.; Cole, P. L.; Collins, P.; Crede, V.; D'Angelo, A.; Daniel, A.; de Vita, R.; de Sanctis, E.; Deur, A.; Dey, B.; Dhamija, S.; Dickson, R.; Djalali, C.; Dodge, G. E.; Doughty, D.; Dugger, M.; Dupre, R.; Alaoui, A. El; Elouadrhiri, L.; Eugenio, P.; Fedotov, G.; Fegan, S.; Fradi, A.; Gabrielyan, M. Y.; Gar�on, M.; Gilfoyle, G. P.; Giovanetti, K. L.; Girod, F. X.; Gohn, W.; Golovatch, E.; Gothe, R. W.; Griffioen, K. A.; Guidal, M.; Guler, N.; Guo, L.; Hafidi, K.; Hakobyan, H.; Hanretty, C.; Hassall, N.; Hicks, K.; Holtrop, M.; Ilieva, Y.; Ireland, D. G.; Ishkhanov, B. S.; Isupov, E. L.; Jawalkar, S. S.; Jo, H. S.; Johnstone, J. R.; Joo, K.; Keller, D.; Khandaker, M.; Khetarpal, P.; Kim, W.; Klein, A.; Klein, F. J.; Krahn, Z.; Kubarovsky, V.; Kuleshov, S. V.; Kuznetsov, V.; Livingston, K.; Lu, H. Y.; Mayer, M.; McAndrew, J.; McCracken, M. E.; McKinnon, B.; Mirazita, M.; Mokeev, V.; Moreno, B.; Moriya, K.; Morrison, B.; Munevar, E.; Nadel-Turonski, P.; Nepali, C. S.; Niccolai, S.; Niculescu, G.; Niculescu, I.; Niroula, M. R.; Niyazov, R. A.; Osipenko, M.; Ostrovidov, A. I.; Paris, M.; Park, K.; Park, S.; Pasyuk, E.; Pereira, S. Anefalos; Perrin, Y.; Pisano, S.; Pogorelko, O.; Pozdniakov, S.; Price, J. W.; Procureur, S.; Protopopescu, D.; Ricco, G.; Ripani, M.; Ritchie, B. G.; Rosner, G.; Rossi, P.; Sabati�, F.; Saini, M. S.; Salamanca, J.; Salgado, C.; Schott, D.; Schumacher, R. A.; Seraydaryan, H.; Sharabian, Y. G.; Smith, E. S.; Sober, D. I.; Sokhan, D.; Stepanyan, S. S.; Stoler, P.; Strakovsky, I. I.; Strauch, S.; Taiuti, M.; Tedeschi, D. J.; Tkachenko, S.; Ungaro, M.; Vineyard, M. F.; Voutier, E.; Watts, D. P.; Weygand, D. P.; Wood, M. H.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, B.
Partial wave analysis of the reaction gamma p -> p omega$ and the search for nucleon resonances
An event-based partial wave analysis (PWA) of the reaction gamma p -> p omega has been performed on a high-statistics dataset obtained using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies from threshold up to 2.4 GeV. This analysis benefits from access to the world's first high precision spin density matrix element measurements, available to the event-based PWA through the decay distribution of omega-> pi+ pi - pi0. The data confirm the dominance of the t-channel pi0 exchange amplitude in the forward direction. The dominant resonance contributions are consistent with the previously identified states F[15](1680) and D[13](1700) near threshold, as well as the G[17](2190) at higher energies. Suggestive evidence for the presence of a J(P)=5/2(+) state around 2 GeV, a "missing" state, has also been found. Evidence for other states is inconclusive.
M. Williams; D. Applegate; M. Bellis; C. A. Meyer; for the CLAS Collaboration
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
This paper discusses operational and criticality safety experience associated at the Idaho National Laboratory Fuel Conditioning Facility. The facility uses an engineering scale pyrometallurgical process to treat fast reactor spent fuel from the Experimen...
C. Pope
Heart rate changes in partial seizures: analysis of influencing factors among refractory patients
Background We analyzed the frequency of heart rate (HR) changes related to seizures, and we sought to identify the influencing factors of these changes during partial seizures, to summarize the regularity of the HR changes and gain some insight into the mechanisms involved in the neuronal regulation of cardiovascular function. To date, detailed information on influencing factors of HR changes related to seizures by multiple linear regression analysis remains scarce. Methods Using video-electroencephalograph (EEG)-electrocardiograph (ECG) recordings, we retrospectively assessed the changes in the HR of 81 patients during a total of 181 seizures, including 27 simple partial seizures (SPS), 110 complex partial seizures (CPS) and 44 complex partial seizures secondarily generalized (CPS-G). The epileptogenic focus and the seizure type, age, gender, and sleep/wakefulness state of each patient were evaluated during and after the seizure onset. The HR changes were evaluated in the stage of epilepsy as time varies. Results Of the 181 seizures from 81 patients with ictal ECGs, 152 seizures (83.98%) from 74 patients were accompanied by ictal tachycardia (IT). And only 1 patient was accompanied by ictal bradycardia (IB). A patient has both IT and IB. We observed that HR difference was independently correlated with side, type and sleep/wakefulness state. In this analysis, the HR changes were related to the side, gender, seizure type, and sleep/wakefulness state. Right focus, male, sleep, and CPS-G showed more significant increases than that were observed in left, female, wakefulness, SPS and CPS. HR increases rapidly within 10 seconds before seizure onset and ictus, and typically slows to normal with seizure offset. Conclusion CPS-G, sleep and right focus led to higher ictal HR. The HR in the stage of epilepsy has regularly been observed to change to become time-varying. The risk factors of ictal HR need to be controlled along with sleep, CPS-G and right focus. Our study first explains that the HR in seizures has a regular evolution varying with time. Our study might help to further clarify the basic mechanisms of interactions between heart and brain, making seizure detection and closed-loop systems a possible therapeutic alternative in refractory patients. PMID:24950859
Packaging Review Guide for Reviewing Safety Analysis Reports for Packagings
This Packaging Review Guide (PRG) provides guidance for Department of Energy (DOE) review and approval of packagings to transport fissile and Type B quantities of radioactive material. It fulfills, in part, the requirements of DOE Order 460.1B for the Headquarters Certifying Official to establish standards and to provide guidance for the preparation of Safety Analysis Reports for Packagings (SARPs). This PRG is intended for use by the Headquarters Certifying Official and his or her review staff, DOE Secretarial offices, operations/field offices, and applicants for DOE packaging approval. This PRG is generally organized at the section level in a format similar to that recommended in Regulatory Guide 7.9 (RG 7.9). One notable exception is the addition of Section 9 (Quality Assurance), which is not included as a separate chapter in RG 7.9. Within each section, this PRG addresses the technical and regulatory bases for the review, the manner in which the review is accomplished, and findings that are generally applicable for a package that meets the approval standards. This Packaging Review Guide (PRG) provides guidance for DOE review and approval of packagings to transport fissile and Type B quantities of radioactive material. It fulfills, in part, the requirements of DOE O 460.1B for the Headquarters Certifying Official to establish standards and to provide guidance for the preparation of Safety Analysis Reports for Packagings (SARPs). This PRG is intended for use by the Headquarters Certifying Official and his review staff, DOE Secretarial offices, operations/field offices, and applicants for DOE packaging approval. The primary objectives of this PRG are to: (1) Summarize the regulatory requirements for package approval; (2) Describe the technical review procedures by which DOE determines that these requirements have been satisfied; (3) Establish and maintain the quality and uniformity of reviews; (4) Define the base from which to evaluate proposed changes in scope and requirements of reviews; and (5) Provide the above information to DOE organizations, contractors, other government agencies, and interested members of the general public. This PRG was originally published in September 1987. Revision 1, issued in October 1988, added new review sections on quality assurance and penetrations through the containment boundary, along with a few other items. Revision 2 was published October 1999. Revision 3 of this PRG is a complete update, and supersedes Revision 2 in its entirety.
DiSabatino, A; Biswas, D; DeMicco, M; Fisher, L E; Hafner, R; Haslam, J; Mok, G; Patel, C; Russell, E
Analysis of pumping tests: Significance of well diameter, partial penetration, and noise
The nonlinear least squares (NLS) method was applied to pumping and recovery aquifer test data in confined and unconfined aquifers with finite diameter and partially penetrating pumping wells, and with partially penetrating piezometers or observation wells. It was demonstrated that noiseless and moderately noisy drawdown data from observation points located less than two saturated thicknesses of the aquifer from the pumping well produced an exact or acceptable set of parameters when the diameter of the pumping well was included in the analysis. The accuracy of the estimated parameters, particularly that of specific storage, decreased with increases in the noise level in the observed drawdown data. With consideration of the well radii, the noiseless drawdown data from the pumping well in an unconfined aquifer produced good estimates of horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities and specific yield, but the estimated specific storage was unacceptable. When noisy data from the pumping well were used, an acceptable set of parameters was not obtained. Further experiments with noisy drawdown data in an unconfined aquifer revealed that when the well diameter was included in the analysis, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield and vertical hydraulic conductivity may be estimated rather effectively from piezometers located over a range of distances from the pumping well. Estimation of specific storage became less reliable for piezemeters located at distances greater than the initial saturated thickness of the aquifer. Application of the NLS to field pumping and recovery data from a confined aquifer showed that the estimated parameters from the two tests were in good agreement only when the well diameter was included in the analysis. Without consideration of well radii, the estimated values of hydraulic conductivity from the pumping and recovery tests were off by a factor of four.The nonlinear least squares method was applied to pumping and recovery aquifer test data in confined and unconfined aquifers with finite diameter and partially penetrating piezometers and observation wells. Noiseless and moderately noisy drawdown data from observation points located less than two saturated thicknesses of the aquifer from the pumping well produced a set of parameters that agrees very well with piezometer test data when the diameter of the pumping well was included in the analysis. The accuracy of the estimated parameters decreased with increasing noise level.
Heidari, M.; Ghiassi, K.; Mehnert, E.
Development of an auditable safety analysis in support of a radiological facility classification
In recent years, U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) facilities commonly have been classified as reactor, non-reactor nuclear, or nuclear facilities. Safety analysis documentation was prepared for these facilities, with few exceptions, using the requirements in either DOE Order 5481.1B, Safety Analysis and Review System; or DOE Order 5480.23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports. Traditionally, this has been accomplished by development of an extensive Safety Analysis Report (SAR), which identifies hazards, assesses risks of facility operation, describes and analyzes adequacy of measures taken to control hazards, and evaluates potential accidents and their associated risks. This process is complicated by analysis of secondary hazards and adequacy of backup (redundant) systems. The traditional SAR process is advantageous for DOE facilities with appreciable hazards or operational risks. SAR preparation for a low-risk facility or process can be cost-prohibitive and quite challenging because conventional safety analysis protocols may not readily be applied to a low-risk facility. The DOE Office of Environmental Restoration and Waste Management recognized this potential disadvantage and issued an EM limited technical standard, No. 5502-94, Hazard Baseline Documentation. This standard can be used for developing documentation for a facility classified as radiological, including preparation of an auditable (defensible) safety analysis. In support of the radiological facility classification process, the Uranium Mill Tailings Remedial Action (UMTRA) Project has developed an auditable safety analysis document based upon the postulation criteria and hazards analysis techniques defined in DOE Order 5480.23.
Kinney, M.D. [Roy F. Weston, Inc., Rockville, MD (United States); Young, B. [Dept. of Energy, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Inverse numerical modeling was applied to analyze pumping tests of partially penetrating wells carried out in three wells established in an unconfined aquifer in Vejen, Denmark, where extensive field investigations had previously been carried out, including tracer tests, mini-slug tests, and other hydraulic tests. Drawdown data from multiple piezometers located at various horizontal and vertical distances from the pumping well were included in the optimization. Horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities, specific storage, and specific yield were estimated, assuming that the aquifer was either a homogeneous system with vertical anisotropy or composed of two or three layers of different hydraulic properties. In two out of three cases, a more accurate interpretation was obtained for a multi-layer model defined on the basis of lithostratigraphic information obtained from geological descriptions of sediment samples, gammalogs, and flow-meter tests. Analysis of the pumping tests resulted in values for horizontal hydraulic conductivities that are in good accordance with those obtained from slug tests and mini-slug tests. Besides the horizontal hydraulic conductivity, it is possible to determine the vertical hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, and specific storage based on a pumping test of a partially penetrating well. The study demonstrates that pumping tests of partially penetrating wells can be analyzed using inverse numerical models. The model used in the study was a finite-element flow model combined with a non-linear regression model. Such a model can accommodate more geological information and complex boundary conditions, and the parameter-estimation procedure can be formalized to obtain optimum estimates of hydraulic parameters and their standard deviations.
Hvilsh�j, S.; Jensen, K. H.; Barlebo, H. C.; Madsen, B.
The Baseline Safety Analysis File (BSAF) is a facility safety reference document for the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) environmental restoration activities. The BSAF contains information and guidance for safety analysis documentation required by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for environmental restoration (ER) activities, including: Characterization of potentially contaminated sites. Remedial investigations to identify and remedial actions to clean up existing and potential releases from inactive waste sites Decontamination and dismantlement of surplus facilities. The information is INEL-specific and is in the format required by DOE-EM-STD-3009-94, Preparation Guide for U.S. Department of Energy Nonreactor Nuclear Facility Safety Analysis Reports. An author of safety analysis documentation need only write information concerning that activity and refer to BSAF for further information or copy applicable chapters and sections. The information and guidance provided are suitable for: {sm_bullet} Nuclear facilities (DOE Order 5480-23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports) with hazards that meet the Category 3 threshold (DOE-STD-1027-92, Hazard Categorization and Accident Analysis Techniques for Compliance with DOE Order 5480.23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports) {sm_bullet} Radiological facilities (DOE-EM-STD-5502-94, Hazard Baseline Documentation) Nonnuclear facilities (DOE-EM-STD-5502-94) that are classified as {open_quotes}low{close_quotes} hazard facilities (DOE Order 5481.1B, Safety Analysis and Review System). Additionally, the BSAF could be used as an information source for Health and Safety Plans and for Safety Analysis Reports (SARs) for nuclear facilities with hazards equal to or greater than the Category 2 thresholds, or for nonnuclear facilities with {open_quotes}moderate{close_quotes} or {open_quotes}high{close_quotes} hazard classifications.
This retrospective study reports the incidence of hydatidiform mole in a population of 19,457 pregnancies over a 3-year period. During the study period all "products of conception" from first and second trimester abortions were referred for pathological examination. Coded histologic sections were reviewed using the published histologic criteria for hydatidiform mole. Ploidy was estimated by DNA flow cytometry. Clinical data were retrieved from maternal case notes. Thirty-eight cases were confirmed as hydatidiform mole, 10 (26%) as complete mole, and 28 (74%) as partial mole. Twenty-three cases of partial mole (88%) were triploid, and nine of 10 complete moles were diploid. The incidence of hydatidiform mole was 1:512 pregnancies, (complete mole, 1:1,945; partial mole, 1:695). Only one case (3.5%) of partial mole was suspected clinically. One case of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease occurred following a complete mole. No sequelae were encountered following partial mole. We conclude that hydatidiform mole is a common condition and the majority of cases are partial moles. Quantitatively imprecise morphologic criteria contribute to the inaccuracy in reporting of partial mole; analysis of ploidy is useful in the evaluation of problem cases. Follow-up of partial mole is warranted because its true biological potential is as yet unclear. PMID:8253548
Jeffers, M D; O'Dwyer, P; Curran, B; Leader, M; Gillan, J E
Modeling and Performance Analysis of Public Safety Wireless Networks
of Public Safety Wireless Networks 3 E-Comm Emergency Communications for Southwestern British Columbia Inc. Public safety wireless network (PSWN) service provider for Southwestern British Columbia $160 million 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 Time (hours) Numberofcalls 2002 Data 2003 Data Sat. Sun. Mon. Tue. Wed
Trajkovic, Ljiljana
Improved analysis of bias in Monte Carlo criticality safety
Criticality safety, the prevention of nuclear chain reactions, depends on Monte Carlo computer codes for most commercial applications. One major shortcoming of these codes is the limited accuracy of the atomic and nuclear data files they depend on. In order to apply a code and its data files to a given criticality safety problem, the code must first be benchmarked
Thomas C. Haley
A risk-informed approach to safety margins analysis
The Risk Informed Safety Margins Characterization (RISMC) Pathway is a systematic approach developed to characterize and quantify safety margins of nuclear power plant structures, systems and components. The model has been tested on the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) at Idaho National Lab.
Curtis Smith; Diego Mandelli
Fast Flux Test Facility final safety analysis report. Amendment 72
This document provides the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) Amendment 72 for incorporation into the Fast Flux Test Facility (FFTF) FSAR set. This amendment change incorporates Engineering Change Notices issued subsequent to Amendment 71 and approved for incorporation before June 24, 1992. These include changes in: Chapter 2, Site Characteristics; Chapter 3, Design Criteria Structures, Equipment, and Systems; Chapter 5B, Reactor Coolant System; Chapter 7, Instrumentation and Control Systems; Chapter 8, Electrical Systems - The description of the Class 1E, 125 Vdc systems is updated for the higher capacity of the newly installed, replacement batteries; Chapter 9, Auxiliary Systems - The description of the inert cell NASA systems is corrected to list the correct number of spare sample points; Chapter 11, Reactor Refueling System; Chapter 12, Radiation Protection and Waste Management; Chapter 13, Conduct of Operations; Chapter 16, Quality Assurance; Chapter 17, Technical Specifications; Chapter 19, FFTF Fire Specifications for Fire Detection, Alarm, and Protection Systems; Chapter 20, FFTF Criticality Specifications; and Appendix B, Primary Piping Integrity Evaluation.
Gantt, D.A.
Automated validation of patient safety clinical incident classification: macro analysis.
Patient safety is the buzz word in healthcare. Incident Information Management System (IIMS) is electronic software that stores clinical mishaps narratives in places where patients are treated. It is estimated that in one state alone over one million electronic text documents are available in IIMS. In this paper we investigate the data density available in the fields entered to notify an incident and the validity of the built in classification used by clinician to categories the incidents. Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA) software was used to test the classes. Four statistical classifier based on J48, Na�ve Bayes (NB), Na�ve Bayes Multinominal (NBM) and Support Vector Machine using radial basis function (SVM_RBF) algorithms were used to validate the classes. The data pool was 10,000 clinical incidents drawn from 7 hospitals in one state in Australia. In first part of the study 1000 clinical incidents were selected to determine type and number of fields worth investigating and in the second part another 5448 clinical incidents were randomly selected to validate 13 clinical incident types. Result shows 74.6% of the cells were empty and only 23 fields had content over 70% of the time. The percentage correctly classified classes on four algorithms using categorical dataset ranged from 42 to 49%, using free-text datasets from 65% to 77% and using both datasets from 72% to 79%. Kappa statistic ranged from 0.36 to 0.4. for categorical data, from 0.61 to 0.74. for free-text and from 0.67 to 0.77 for both datasets. Similar increases in performance in the 3 experiments was noted on true positive rate, precision, F-measure and area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) scores. The study demonstrates only 14 of 73 fields in IIMS have data that is usable for machine learning experiments. Irrespective of the type of algorithms used when all datasets are used performance was better. Classifier NBM showed best performance. We think the classifier can be improved further by reclassifying the most confused classes and there is scope to apply text mining tool on patient safety classifications. PMID:23823288
Gupta, Jaiprakash; Patrick, Jon
Partial breast irradiation (PBI) was designed in part to decrease overall treatment times associated with whole breast radiation therapy (WBRT). WBRT treats the entire breast and usually portions of the axilla. The goal of PBI is to treat a smaller volume of breast tissue in less time, focusing the dose around the lumpectomy cavity. The following is a case of a 64-year-old woman with early-stage breast cancer treated with PBI who failed regionally in the ipsilateral axilla. With our dosimetric analysis, we found that the entire area of this axillary failure would have likely received at least 45 Gy if WBRT had been used, enough to sterilize microscopic disease. With PBI, this area received a mean dose of only 2.8 Gy, which raises the possibility that this regional failure may have been prevented had WBRT been used instead of PBI.
Shah, Anand P. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of General Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Dickler, Adam; Kirk, Michael C.; Chen, Sea S.; Strauss, Jonathan B.; Coon, Alan B.; Turian, Julius V.; Siziopikou, Kalliopi; Dowlat, Kambiz; Griem, Katherine L. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Department of Pathology, and Department of General Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (United States)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Large-aperture segmented primary mirror will be widely used in next-generation space-based and ground-based telescopes. The effects of intersegment gaps, obstructions, position and figure errors of segments, which are all involved in the pupil plane, on the image quality metric should be analyzed using diffractive imaging theory. Traditional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method is very time-consuming and costs a lot of memory especially in dealing with large pupil-sampling matrix. A Partial Fourier Transform (PFT) method is first proposed to substantially speed up the computation and reduce memory usage for diffractive imaging analysis. Diffraction effects of a 6-meter segmented mirror including 18 hexagonal segments are simulated and analyzed using PFT method. The influence of intersegment gaps and position errors of segments on Strehl ratio is quantitatively analyzed by computing the Point Spread Function (PSF). By comparing simulation results with theoretical results, the correctness and feasibility of PFT method is confirmed.
Dong, Bing; Qin, Shun; Hu, Xinqi
Partial wave analysis of J/psi to p pbar pi0
Using a sample of 58 million $J/\\psi$ events collected with the BESII detector at the BEPC, more than 100,000 $J/\\psi \\to p\\bar p \\pi^0$ events are selected, and a detailed partial wave analysis is performed. The branching fraction is determined to be $Br(J/\\psi \\to p \\bar p \\pi^0)=(1.33 \\pm 0.02 \\pm 0.11) \\times 10^{-3}$. A long-sought `missing' $N^*$, first observed in $J/\\psi \\to p \\bar n \\pi^-$, is observed in this decay too, with mass and width of $2040_{-4}^{+3}\\pm 25$ MeV/c$^2$ and $230_{-8}^{+8}\\pm 52$ MeV/c$^2$, respectively. Its spin-parity favors ${3/2}^+$. The masses, widths, and spin-parities of other $N^*$ states are obtained as well.
BES Collaboration
Partial-Wave Analysis of the Centrally Produced ?+?- System in pp Reactions at COMPASS
COMPASS is a fixed-target experiment at CERN SPS which investigates the structure and spectroscopy of hadrons. During nine weeks in 2008 and 2009, a 190 GeV/c proton beam impinging on a liquid hydrogen target was used in order to study the production of exotic mesons and glueball candidates at central rapidities. As no bias on the production mechanism was introduced by the trigger system, the contribution from diffractive dissociation of the beam proton poses a challenge. We select a centrally produced sample by kinematic cuts and introduce a model to describe the data in terms of partial waves. Preliminary fits are presented, which are consistent with results from previous experiments. Particular attention is paid to the ambiguities in the amplitude analysis of the two-pseudoscalar final state.
A. Austregesilo; T. Schlueter; for the COMPASS collaboration
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A series representation of the oscillatory behavior of incompressible nonviscous liquids contained in partially filled elastic tanks is presented. Each term is selected on the basis of hydroelastic vibrations in circular cylindrical tanks. Using a complementary energy principle, the superposition of terms is made to approximately satisfy the liquid-tank interface compatibility. This analysis is applied to the gravity sloshing and hydroelastic vibrations of liquids in hemispherical tanks and in a typical elastic aerospace propellant tank. With only a few series terms retained, the results correlate very well with existing analytical results, NASTRAN-generated analytical results, and experimental test results. Hence, although each term is based on a cylindrical tank geometry, the superposition can be successfully applied to noncylindrical tanks.
Housner, J. M.; Herr, R. W.; Sewall, J. L.
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
A ring partially filled with a viscous fluid has been analyzed as a nutation damper for a spinning satellite. The fluid has been modelled as a rigid slug of finite length moving in a tube and resisted by a linear viscous force. It is shown that there are two distinct modes of motion, called the spin synchronous mode and the nutation synchronous mode. Time constants for each mode are obtained for both the symmetric and asymmetric satellite. The effects of a stop in the tube and an offset of the ring from the spin axis are also investigated. An analysis of test results is also given including a determination of the effect of gravity on the time constants in the two modes.
Alfriend, K. T.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This work focused on developing a novel method for solving the nonlinear partial differential equations associated with thermal-hydraulic safety analysis software. Traditional methods involve solving large systems of nonlinear equations. One class of methods linearizes the nonlinear equations and attempts to minimize the nonlinear truncation error with timestep size selection. These linearized methods are characterized by low computational cost but reduced accuracy. Another class resolves those nonlinearities by using an iterative nonlinear refinement technique. However, these iterative methods are computationally expensive when multiple iterates are required to resolve the nonlinearities. These two paradigms stand at the opposite ends of a spectrum, and the middle ground had yet to be investigated. This research sought to find that middle ground, a balance between the competing incentives of computational cost and accuracy, by creating a hybrid method: a spatially-selective, nonlinear refinement (SNR) algorithm. As part of this work, the two-phase, three-field software COBRA was converted from a linearized semi-implicit solver to a nonlinearly convergent solver; an operator-based scaling that provides a physically meaningful convergence measure was developed and implemented; and the SNR algorithm was developed to enable a subdomain of the simulation to be subjected to multiple nonlinear iterates while maintaining global consistency. By selecting those areas of the computational domain where nonlinearities are expected to be high and subjecting only them to multiple nonlinear iterations, the accuracy of the nonlinear solver may be obtained without its associated computational cost.
Lloyd, Lewis John
Aim of the study The Patient Assistance Program, a type of expanded access program, was initiated for compassionate purposes to provide ipilimumab to patients with unresectable stage III or IV melanoma with failed previous treatment. The aim of this analysis is to evaluate efficacy, safety, and tolerability of ipilimumab therapy in daily clinical practice. Material and methods We analyzed 50 patients (29 males, 21 females) aged 21 to 76 years (median: 49 years). An ipilimumab dose of 3 mg/kg was administered intravenously every 3 weeks for a total of 4 doses. Patients were assessed for response rate, progression-free survival and overall survival, and monitored for adverse events. Results The objective response (complete or partial response) rate was 12%. Median overall survival was 8 months and median progression-free survival was 3 months. In patients with ECOG-PS 0, the median overall survival was 16 months. Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) occurred in 48% of the patients, grade 3 or 4 irAEs were reported in 8% of the patients, and there were no toxic deaths. Conclusions Ipilimumab demonstrated clinical benefit in previously treated advanced melanoma patients. Although clinical benefit is limited to a minority of the patients, there is a benefit in terms of overall survival in this group of patients. PMID:24596511
Switaj, Tomasz; Mackiewicz, Jacek; Kalinka-Warzocha, Ewa; Wojtukiewicz, Marek; Szambora, Pawel; Falkowski, Slawomir; Rogowski, Wojciech; Mackiewicz, Andrzej; Rutkowski, Piotr
Reliability Modeling Methodology for Independent Approaches on Parallel Runways Safety Analysis
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This document is an adjunct to the final report An Integrated Safety Analysis Methodology for Emerging Air Transport Technologies. That report presents the results of our analysis of the problem of simultaneous but independent, approaches of two aircraft on parallel runways (independent approaches on parallel runways, or IAPR). This introductory chapter presents a brief overview and perspective of approaches and methodologies for performing safety analyses for complex systems. Ensuing chapter provide the technical details that underlie the approach that we have taken in performing the safety analysis for the IAPR concept.
Babcock, P.; Schor, A.; Rosch, G.
This Safety Analysis Document (SAD) for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Building 693, Chemical Waste Storage Building (desipated as Building 693 Container Storage Unit in the Laboratory`s RCRA Part B permit application), provides the necessary information and analyses to conclude that Building 693 can be operated at low risk without unduly endangering the safety of the building operating personnel
R. J. Salazar
This Safety Analysis Document (SAD) for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) Building 693, Chemical Waste Storage Building (desipated as Building 693 Container Storage Unit in the Laboratory's RCRA Part B permit application), provides the necessary information and analyses to conclude that Building 693 can be operated at low risk without unduly endangering the safety of the building operating personnel
R. J. Salazar
Runway landing safety analysis: a case study of Atlanta Hartsfield airport
According to historical data, aircraft are subject to a higher accident risk during the landing phase than during other flight phases. With the growth in air traffic volume evaluating safety during the landing phase is an important problem. This paper presents an analysis and estimate of two safety metrics at ATL airport: probability of a simultaneous runway occupancy by two
Yue Xie; John Shortle; George Donohue
Safety Analysis of Requirements for a Product Family Robyn R. Lutz
Safety Analysis of Requirements for a Product Family Robyn R. Lutz Iowa State University and Jet Propulsion Laboratory firstname.lastname@example.com Guy G. Helmer & Michelle M. Moseman Iowa State University ghelmer for a family of ight instrumentation dis- plays of commercial aircraft. First, an existing Safety Checklist
Lutz, Robyn R.
Combining Functional and Structural Reasoning for Safety Analysis of Electrical Designs
Combining Functional and Structural Reasoning for Safety Analysis of Electrical Designs C. J. Price with a qualitative model of the electrical circuit that fulfils the functions, and used to analyse the safety, United Kingdom email: firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract Increasing complexity of design in automotive electrical
Snooke, Neal
There is a growing concern in process plant safety to assess risk. Two important motives can be identified: on the one hand, the new Seveso directive, which contains a number of risk-related requirements for process plants, and on the other, the advent of the �Safety Integrity Level� SIL classes. These call for methods of analysis, which enable one to obtain
Ulrich Hauptmanns
Factors Analysis on Safety of Indoor Air Quality
Influence factors on safety of indoor air quality (IAQ) were analyzed in this paper. Some regeneration compositions resulting from potential indoor chemical reactions may be more harmful to habitants. A few building flaws may be key factors...
Luo, Q.; Liu, Z.; Xiong, J.
10 CFR 72.70 - Safety analysis report updating.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
...accordance with � 72.48; (3) All final analyses and evaluations of the design and performance of structures, systems, and...and preoperational testing; and (4) All analyses of new safety issues performed by or on...
Aspects of environmental and safety analysis of fusion reactors
This report summarizes the progress made between October 1976 and September 1977 in studies of some environmental and safety considerations in fusion reactor plants. A methodology to assess the admissible occurrence rate ...
Kazimi, Mujid S.
A Chemical Plant Safety and Hazard Analysis Course.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Describes a course for teaching chemical engineering students about safety and hazards. Summarizes the course content including topics for term papers and disciplines related to this course. Lists 18 references. (YP)
Gupta, J. P.
A Domain-Specific Safety Analysis for Digital Nuclear Plant Protection Systems
· Introduction · Background Software Fault Tree Analysis A Formal Software Requirement Specification method on mechanical generation of software fault tree. · If we restrict the application domain of safety analysis;BACKGROUND 5 #12;Software Fault Tree Analysis · Software Fault Tree Analysis(SFTA) Target of SFTA
Markov Modeling with Soft Aggregation for Safety and Decision Analysis
The methodology in this report improves on some of the limitations of many conventional safety assessment and decision analysis methods. A top-down mathematical approach is developed for decomposing systems and for expressing imprecise individual metrics as possibilistic or fuzzy numbers. A ''Markov-like'' model is developed that facilitates combining (aggregating) inputs into overall metrics and decision aids, also portraying the inherent uncertainty. A major goal of Markov modeling is to help convey the top-down system perspective. One of the constituent methodologies allows metrics to be weighted according to significance of the attribute and aggregated nonlinearly as to contribution. This aggregation is performed using exponential combination of the metrics, since the accumulating effect of such factors responds less and less to additional factors. This is termed ''soft'' mathematical aggregation. Dependence among the contributing factors is accounted for by incorporating subjective metrics on ''overlap'' of the factors as well as by correspondingly reducing the overall contribution of these combinations to the overall aggregation. Decisions corresponding to the meaningfulness of the results are facilitated in several ways. First, the results are compared to a soft threshold provided by a sigmoid function. Second, information is provided on input ''Importance'' and ''Sensitivity,'' in order to know where to place emphasis on considering new controls that may be necessary. Third, trends in inputs and outputs are tracked in order to obtain significant information% including cyclic information for the decision process. A practical example from the air transportation industry is used to demonstrate application of the methodology. Illustrations are given for developing a structure (along with recommended inputs and weights) for air transportation oversight at three different levels, for developing and using cycle information, for developing Importance and Sensitivity measures for soil aggregation, for developing dependence methodology, for constructing early alert logic, for tracking trends, for relating the Markov model to other (e.g., Reason) models, for developing and demonstrating rudimentary laptop software, and for developing an input/output display methodology.
New Methods and Tools to Perform Safety Analysis within RISMC
The Risk Informed Safety Margins Characterization (RISMC) Pathway uses a systematic approach developed to characterize and quantify safety margins of nuclear power plant structures, systems and components. What differentiates the RISMC approach from traditional probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) is the concept of safety margin. In PRA, a safety metric such as core damage frequency (CDF) is generally estimated using static fault-tree and event-tree models. However, it is not possible to estimate how close we are to physical safety limits (say peak clad temperature) for most accident sequences described in the PRA. In the RISMC approach, what we want to understand is not just the frequency of an event like core damage, but how close we are (or not) to this event and how we might increase our safety margin through margin management strategies in a Dynamic PRA (DPRA) fashion. This paper gives an overview of methods that are currently under development at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) with the scope of advance the current state of the art of dynamic PRA.
Diego Mandelli; Curtis Smith; Cristian Rabiti; Andrea Alfonsi; Robert Kinoshita; Joshua Cogliati
The requirements for Westinghouse Hanford independent review of the Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR) are contained in Section 1.0, Subsection 4.3 of WCH-CM-4-46. Specifically, this manual requires the following: (1) Formal functional reviews of the HWVP PSAR by the future operating organization (HWVP Operations), and the independent review organizations (HWVP and Environmental Safety Assurance, Environmental Assurance, and Quality Assurance); and (2) Review and approval of the HWVP PSAR by the Tank Waste Disposal (TWD) Subcouncil of the Safety and Environmental Advisory Council (SEAC), which provides independent advice to the Westinghouse Hanford President and executives on matters of safety and environmental protection. 7 refs.
Herborn, D.I.
Hydrogen Safety Project chemical analysis support task: Window ``C`` volatile organic analysis
This data package contains the results obtained by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) staff in the characterization of samples for the 101-SY Hydrogen Safety Project. The samples were submitted for analysis by Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) under the Technical Project Plan (TPP) 17667 and the Quality Assurance Plan MCS-027. They came from a core taken during Window ``C`` after the May 1991 gas release event. The analytical procedures required for analysis were defined in the Test Instructions (TI) prepared by the PNL 101-SY Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL) Project Management Office in accordance with the TPP and the QA Plan. The requested analysis for these samples was volatile organic analysis. The quality control (QC) requirements for each sample are defined in the Test Instructions for each sample. The QC requirements outlined in the procedures and requested in the WHC statement of work were followed.
Gillespie, B.M.; Stromatt, R.W.; Ross, G.A.; Hoope, E.A.
Hydrogen Safety Project chemical analysis support task: Window C'' volatile organic analysis
This data package contains the results obtained by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) staff in the characterization of samples for the 101-SY Hydrogen Safety Project. The samples were submitted for analysis by Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) under the Technical Project Plan (TPP) 17667 and the Quality Assurance Plan MCS-027. They came from a core taken during Window C'' after the May 1991 gas release event. The analytical procedures required for analysis were defined in the Test Instructions (TI) prepared by the PNL 101-SY Analytical Chemistry Laboratory (ACL) Project Management Office in accordance with the TPP and the QA Plan. The requested analysis for these samples was volatile organic analysis. The quality control (QC) requirements for each sample are defined in the Test Instructions for each sample. The QC requirements outlined in the procedures and requested in the WHC statement of work were followed.
Gillespie, B.M.; Stromatt, R.W.; Ross, G.A.; Hoope, E.A.
A number of imaging studies have reported neuroanatomical correlates of human intelligence with various morphological characteristics of the cerebral cortex. However, it is not yet clear whether these morphological properties of the cerebral cortex account for human intelligence. We assumed that the complex structure of the cerebral cortex could be explained effectively considering cortical thickness, surface area, sulcal depth and absolute mean curvature together. In 78 young healthy adults (age range: 17-27, male/female: 39/39), we used the full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and the cortical measurements calculated in native space from each subject to determine how much combining various cortical measures explained human intelligence. Since each cortical measure is thought to be not independent but highly inter-related, we applied partial least square (PLS) regression, which is one of the most promising multivariate analysis approaches, to overcome multicollinearity among cortical measures. Our results showed that 30% of FSIQ was explained by the first latent variable extracted from PLS regression analysis. Although it is difficult to relate the first derived latent variable with specific anatomy, we found that cortical thickness measures had a substantial impact on the PLS model supporting the most significant factor accounting for FSIQ. Our results presented here strongly suggest that the new predictor combining different morphometric properties of complex cortical structure is well suited for predicting human intelligence. PMID:23643979
Yang, J-J; Yoon, U; Yun, H J; Im, K; Choi, Y Y; Lee, K H; Park, H; Hough, M G; Lee, J-M
Pretreatment of wastewater: optimal coagulant selection using Partial Order Scaling Analysis (POSA).
Jar-test is a well-known tool for chemical selection for physical-chemical wastewater treatment. Jar test results show the treatment efficiency in terms of suspended matter and organic matter removal. However, in spite of having all these results, coagulant selection is not an easy task because one coagulant can remove efficiently the suspended solids but at the same time increase the conductivity. This makes the final selection of coagulants very dependent on the relative importance assigned to each measured parameter. In this paper, the use of Partial Order Scaling Analysis (POSA) and multi-criteria decision analysis is proposed to help the selection of the coagulant and its concentration in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Therefore, starting from the parameters fixed by the jar-test results, these techniques will allow to weight these parameters, according to the judgments of wastewater experts, and to establish priorities among coagulants. An evaluation of two commonly used coagulation/flocculation aids (Alum and Ferric Chloride) was conducted and based on jar tests and POSA model, Ferric Chloride (100 ppm) was the best choice. The results obtained show that POSA and multi-criteria techniques are useful tools to select the optimal chemicals for the physical-technical treatment. PMID:21561709
Tzfati, Eran; Sein, Maya; Rubinov, Angelika; Raveh, Adi; Bick, Amos
Design and safety analysis of an in-flight, test airfoil
The evaluation of an in-flight airfoil model requires extensive analysis of a variety of structural systems. Determining the safety of the design is a unique task dependant on the aircraft, flight environment, and physical requirements...
McKnight, Christopher William
Prospective Safety Analysis and the Complex Aviation System
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Fatal accident rates in commercial passenger aviation are at historic lows yet have plateaued and are not showing evidence of further safety advances. Modern aircraft accidents reflect both historic causal factors and new unexpected "Black Swan" events. The ever-increasing complexity of the aviation system, along with its associated technology and organizational relationships, provides fertile ground for fresh problems. It is important to take a proactive approach to aviation safety by working to identify novel causation mechanisms for future aviation accidents before they happen. Progress has been made in using of historic data to identify the telltale signals preceding aviation accidents and incidents, using the large repositories of discrete and continuous data on aircraft and air traffic control performance and information reported by front-line personnel. Nevertheless, the aviation community is increasingly embracing predictive approaches to aviation safety. The "prospective workshop" early assessment tool described in this paper represents an approach toward this prospective mindset-one that attempts to identify the future vectors of aviation and asks the question: "What haven't we considered in our current safety assessments?" New causation mechanisms threatening aviation safety will arise in the future because new (or revised) systems and procedures will have to be used under future contextual conditions that have not been properly anticipated. Many simulation models exist for demonstrating the safety cases of new operational concepts and technologies. However the results from such models can only be as valid as the accuracy and completeness of assumptions made about the future context in which the new operational concepts and/or technologies will be immersed. Of course that future has not happened yet. What is needed is a reasonably high-confidence description of the future operational context, capturing critical contextual characteristics that modulate both the likelihood of occurrence of hazards, and the likelihood that those hazards will lead to negative safety events. Heuristics extracted from scenarios, questionnaires, and observed trends from scanning the aviation horizon may be helpful in capturing those future changes in a way conducive to safety assessment. What is also needed is a checklist of potential sources of emerging risk that arise from organizational features that are frequently overlooked. The ultimate goal is to develop a pragmatic, workable method for using descriptions of the future aviation context, to generate valid predictions of safety risks.
Smith, Brian E.
The Oak Ridge Research Reactor: safety analysis: Volume 2, supplement 2
The Oak Ridge Research Reactor Safety Analysis was last updated via ORNL-4169, Vol. 2, Supplement 1, in May of 1978. Since that date, several changes have been effected through the change-memo system described below. While these changes have involved the cooling system, the electrical system, and the reactor instrumentation and controls, they have not, for the most part, presented new or unreviewed safety questions. However, some of the changes have been based on questions or recommendations stemming from safety reviews or from reactor events at other sites. This paper discusses those changes which were judged to be safety related and which include revisions to the syphon-break system and changes related to seismic considerations which were very recently completed. The maximum hypothetical accident postulated in the original safety analysis requires dynamic containment and filtered flow for compliance with 10CFR100 limits at the site boundary.
Hurt, S.S.
Static-stress analysis of dual-axis safety vessel
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
An 8 ft diameter safety vessel, made of HSLA-100 steel, is evaluated to determine its ability to contain the quasi-static residual pressure from a high explosive (HE) blast. The safety vessel is designed for use with the Dual-Axis Radiographic Hydrotest (DARHT) facility being developed at Los Alamos National Laboratory. A smaller confinement vessel fits inside the safety vessel and contains the actual explosion, and the safety vessel functions as a second layer of containment in the unlikely case of a confinement vessel leak. The safety vessel is analyzed as a pressure vessel based on the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section 8, Division 1, and the Welding Research Council Bulletin, WRC107. Combined stresses that result from internal pressure and external loads on nozzles are calculated and compared to the allowable stresses for HSLA-100 steel. Results confirm that the shell and nozzle components are adequately designed for a static pressure of 830 psi, plus the maximum expected external loads. Shell stresses at the 'shell to nozzle' interface, produced from external loads on the nozzles, were less than 700 psi. The maximum combined stress resulting from the internal pressure plus external loads was 17,384 psi, which is significantly less than the allowable stress of 42,375 psi for HSLA-100 steel.
Bultman, D. H.
Considering consumers' food safety perceptions at the WTO -level: a survey-based analysis
Abstract The WTO frame for food safety policy follows the structure of risk analysis, i.e. consists of rules re- garding the three components of risk assessment, management and communication. The analysis of the WTO rules and of the findings of closed disputes identifies a strong orientation on science as well asan,approach ,to harmonise ,food safety standards by basing,them on the
Bettina Rudloff; Johannes Simons
Introduction About 3% of people will be diagnosed with epilepsy during their lifetime, but about 70% of people with epilepsy eventually go into remission. Methods and outcomes We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of starting antiepileptic drug treatment following a single seizure? What are the effects of drug monotherapy in people with partial epilepsy? What are the effects of additional drug treatments in people with drug-resistant partial epilepsy? What is the risk of relapse in people in remission when withdrawing antiepileptic drugs? What are the effects of behavioural and psychological treatments for people with epilepsy? What are the effects of surgery in people with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to July 2009 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). Results We found 83 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions. Conclusions In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: antiepileptic drugs after a single seizure; monotherapy for partial epilepsy using carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, phenobarbital, phenytoin, sodium valproate, or topiramate; addition of second-line drugs for drug-resistant partial epilepsy (allopurinol, eslicarbazepine, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, losigamone, oxcarbazepine, retigabine, tiagabine, topiramate, vigabatrin, or zonisamide); antiepileptic drug withdrawal for people with partial or generalised epilepsy who are in remission; behavioural and psychological treatments for partial or generalised epilepsy (biofeedback, cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), educational programmes, family counselling, relaxation therapy (alone or plus behavioural modification therapy, yoga); and surgery for drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy ( lesionectomy, temporal lobectomy, vagus nerve stimulation as adjunctive therapy). PMID:21549021
Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: analysis of the first 100 cases from a single institution
Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) is an alternative to open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for small renal tumors.\\u000a Our objectives were to report our experience and short-term outcomes from the first 100 cases of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy\\u000a (RAPN) performed at a single institution, as well as to evaluate the effect of the learning curve and identify any factors\\u000a associated with adverse
Scott Tobis; Sriram Venigalla; Joy K. Knopf; Emelian Scosyrev; Erdal N. Erturk; Dragan J. Golijanin; Jean V. Joseph; Hani Rashid; Guan Wu
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This paper describes a scenario-driven hazard analysis process to identify, eliminate, and control safety-related risks. Within this process, we develop selective criteria to determine the applicability of applying engineering modeling to hypothesized hazard scenarios. This provides a basis for evaluating and prioritizing the scenarios as candidates for further quantitative analysis. We have applied this methodology to proposed concepts of operations for reduced wake separation for closely spaced parallel runways. For arrivals, the process identified 43 core hazard scenarios. Of these, we classified 12 as appropriate for further quantitative modeling, 24 that should be mitigated through controls, recommendations, and / or procedures (that is, scenarios not appropriate for quantitative modeling), and 7 that have the lowest priority for further analysis.
Shortle, John F.; Allocco, Michael
Dissecting the Space-Time Structure of Tree-Ring Datasets Using the Partial Triadic Analysis
Tree-ring datasets are used in a variety of circumstances, including archeology, climatology, forest ecology, and wood technology. These data are based on microdensity profiles and consist of a set of tree-ring descriptors, such as ring width or early/latewood density, measured for a set of individual trees. Because successive rings correspond to successive years, the resulting dataset is a ring variables � trees � time datacube. Multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis, have been widely used for extracting worthwhile information from ring datasets, but they typically address two-way matrices, such as ring variables � trees or ring variables � time. Here, we explore the potential of the partial triadic analysis (PTA), a multivariate method dedicated to the analysis of three-way datasets, to apprehend the space-time structure of tree-ring datasets. We analyzed a set of 11 tree-ring descriptors measured in 149 georeferenced individuals of European larch (Larix decidua Miller) during the period of 1967�2007. The processing of densitometry profiles led to a set of ring descriptors for each tree and for each year from 1967�2007. The resulting three-way data table was subjected to two distinct analyses in order to explore i) the temporal evolution of spatial structures and ii) the spatial structure of temporal dynamics. We report the presence of a spatial structure common to the different years, highlighting the inter-individual variability of the ring descriptors at the stand scale. We found a temporal trajectory common to the trees that could be separated into a high and low frequency signal, corresponding to inter-annual variations possibly related to defoliation events and a long-term trend possibly related to climate change. We conclude that PTA is a powerful tool to unravel and hierarchize the different sources of variation within tree-ring datasets. PMID:25247299
Rossi, Jean-Pierre; Nardin, Maxime; Godefroid, Martin; Ruiz-Diaz, Manuela; Sergent, Anne-Sophie; Martinez-Meier, Alejandro; Paques, Luc; Rozenberg, Philippe
Safety analysis report upgrade program at the Plutonium Facility, Los Alamos National Laboratory
Plutonium research and development activities have resided at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) since 1943. The function of the Plutonium Facility (PF-4) has been to perform basic special nuclear materials research and development and to support national defense and energy programs. The original Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for PF-4 was approved by DOE in 1978. This FSAR analyzed design-basis and bounding accidents. In 1986, DOE/AL published DOE/AL Order 5481.1B, ``Safety Analysis and Review System``, as a requirement for preparation and review of safety analyses. To meet the new DOE requirements, the Facilities Management Group of the Nuclear Material Technology Division submitted a draft FSAR to DOE for approval in April 1991. This draft FSAR analyzed the new configurations and used a limited-scope probabilistic risk analysis for accident analysis. During the DOE review of the draft FSAR, DOE Order 5480.23 ``Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports``, was promulgated and was later officially released in April 1992. The new order significantly expands the scope, preparation, and maintenance efforts beyond those required in DOE/AL Order 5481.1B by requiring: description of institutional and human-factor safety programs; clear definitions of all facility-specific safety commitments; more comprehensive and detailed hazard assessment; use of new safety analysis methods; and annual updates of FSARs. This paper describes the safety analysis report (SAR) upgrade program at the Plutonium Facility in LANL. The SAR upgrade program is established to meet the requirements in DOE Order 5480.23. Described in this paper are the SAR background, authorization basis for operations, hazard classification, and technical program elements.
Pan, P.Y.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...FNS-2008-0033] RIN 0584-AD65 School Food Safety Program Based on Hazard Analysis...The final rule entitled School Food Safety Program Based on Hazard Analysis...Program (SBP) to develop a school food safety program for the preparation...
Combining Formal Methods and Safety Analysis -The ForMoSA Approach
example. Key words: fault tree analysis, dependability, optimization, safety anal- ysis, embedded systems techniques [13, 20] like failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) or fault tree analysis (FTA). The combina distributions into fault trees yields parameterized risk approximations. This allows to quickly evaluate
Reif, Wolfgang
Software safety analysis of function block diagrams using fault trees Younju Oha , Junbeom Yoob propose a fault tree analysis technique on Function Block Diagrams (FBDs) which is one of the most widely) for a nuclear power plant in South Korea. Our approach to fault tree analysis, which combines fault
. The example is a radio-based level crossing control system. Keywords: fault tree analysis, formal models developed to analyze safety-critical sys- tems. Examples are fault tree analysis (FTA) (Vesely et al. 1981 a classical fault tree analysis guided by the formal model. The example is described in Sect. 2, and a sketch
Reif, Wolfgang
Safety Optimization: A combination of fault tree analysis and optimization techniques
1 Safety Optimization: A combination of fault tree analysis and optimization techniques Frank optimization. This method is a combination of fault tree analysis(FTA) and mathematical optimization tech optimization is an enhancement to the well-known fault tree analysis (FTA) [16][2] which makes it easy
Reif, Wolfgang
Analysis of factors influencing safety management for metro construction in China.
With the rapid development of urbanization in China, the number and size of metro construction projects are increasing quickly. At the same time, and increasing number of accidents in metro construction make it a disturbing focus of social attention. In order to improve safety management in metro construction, an investigation of the participants' perspectives on safety factors in China metro construction has been conducted to identify the key safety factors, and their ranking consistency among the main participants, including clients, consultants, designers, contractors and supervisors. The result of factor analysis indicates that there are five key factors which influence the safety of metro construction including safety attitude, construction site safety, government supervision, market restrictions and task unpredictability. In addition, ANOVA and Spearman rank correlation coefficients were performed to test the consistency of the means rating and the ranking of safety factors. The results indicated that the main participants have significant disagreement about the importance of safety factors on more than half of the items. Suggestions and recommendations on practical countermeasures to improve metro construction safety management in China are proposed. PMID:23932091
Yu, Q Z; Ding, L Y; Zhou, C; Luo, H B
Comparative policy analysis of coal-mine safety regulation in the United States and Poland
The study concerns an analysis of the factors which influence death rates in coal mines in the United States and Poland. The study uses multiple regression and time series analysis on data since the end of World War II. A formal causal model is derived from political economy literatures and safety studies to analyze the determinants of death rates. Independent variables hypothesized to affect death rate include government regulation, numerous technical safety measures, profit, production, productivity, legislation and differences between the two countries' industrial and planning systems and ideologies. Death rate was reduced dramatically in Poland by the mid-1950s, due primarily to stringent safety regulations, and extensive safety training programs for workers. American death rate remained much higher than Polish death rate until the late 1970s, due to weaker legislation and regulations. Fines, closure orders, and safety training most strongly reduce American death rate. In both countries, political values relevant to safety are more important than centralized planning and administration in reducing American death rate. In both countries, political values relevant to safety are more important than centralized planning and administration in reducing death rates. Political values and regulation stringency are more favorable to safety in Poland than in the United States.
Hamilton, C.R.
System and software safety analysis for the ERA control computer
The European Robotic Arm (ERA) is a seven degrees of freedom relocatable anthropomorphic robotic manipulator system, to be used in manned space operation on the International Space Station, supporting the assembly and external servicing of the Russian segment. The safety design concept and implementation of the ERA is described, in particular with respect to the central computer's software design. A
P. G. Beerthuizen; W. Kruidhof
A semiotic analysis of biotechnology and food safety photographs
This study evaluated photographs used in Time, Newsweek, and U.S. News and World Report in stories about biotechnology and food safety issues from the years 2000 and 2001. This study implemented a semiotic methodology to determine if the messages...
Norwood, Jennifer Lynn
This report documents the accident analyses and nuclear safety control options for use in Revision 7 of HNF-SD-WM-SAR-062, ''K Basins Safety Analysis Report'' and Revision 4 of HNF-SD-SNF-TSR-001, ''Technical Safety Requirements - 100 KE and 100 KW Fuel Storage Basins''. These documents will define the authorization basis for Sludge Water System (SWS) operations. This report follows the guidance of DOE-STD-3009-94, ''Preparation Guide for US. Department of Energy Nonreactor Nuclear Facility Safety Analysis Reports'', for calculating onsite and offsite consequences. The accident analysis summary is shown in Table ES-1 below. While this document describes and discusses potential control options to either mitigate or prevent the accidents discussed herein, it should be made clear that the final control selection for any accident is determined and presented in HNF-SD-WM-SAR-062.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory site data for safety-analysis report
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory site data contained herein were compiled in support of the United States Department of Energy (USDOE) Oak Ridge Operations Office Order OR 5481.1. That order sets forth assignment of responsibilities for safety analysis and review responsibilities and provides guidance relative to the content and format of safety analysis reports. The information presented in this document is intended for use by reference in individual safety analysis reports where applicable to support accident analyses or the establishment of design bases of significance to safety, and it is applicable only to Oak Ridge National Laboratory facilities in Bethel and Melton Valleys. This information includes broad descriptions of the site characteristics, radioactive waste handling and monitoring practices, and the organization and operating policies at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The historical background of the Laboratory is discussed briefly and the overall physical situation of the facilities is described in the following paragraphs.
Fitzpatrick, F.C.
A general equilibrium analysis of partial-equilibrium welfare measures: The case of climate change
This paper uses computable general equilibrium models to demonstrate that partial-equilibrium welfare measures can offer reasonable approximations of the true welfare changes for large exogenous changes. With consistency in the size and direction of the indirect price effects associated with large shocks, single sector partial-equilibrium measures will exhibit small errors. Otherwise the errors can be substantial and difficult to sign.
Kokoski, M.F.; Smith, V.K. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, Washington, DC (USA))
This study experimentally and numerically investigates the pressure pulses characteristics and unsteady flow behavior in a Francis turbine with partial load. Unsteady wall pressure measurements with partial load condition are performs to investigate thoroughly pressure fields in the spiral case, runner head cover and straight draft tube dynamically. The unsteady Reynolds- averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the k-omegabased SST turbulence model
X. Yexiang; W. Zhengwei; Y. Zongguo; Z. Jin
In social and business sciences, the importance of the analysis of interaction effects between manifest as well as latent variables steadily increases. Researchers using partial least squares (PLS) to analyze interaction effects between latent variables need an overview of the available approaches as well as their suitability. This article presents 4 PLS-based approaches: a product indicator approach (Chin, Marcolin, &
J�rg Henseler; Wynne W. Chin
Growth and proteomic analysis of tomato fruit under partial root-zone drying.
The effects of partial root-zone drying (PRD) on tomato fruit growth and proteome in the pericarp of cultivar Ailsa Craig were investigated. The PRD treatment was 70% of water applied to fully irrigated (FI) plants. PRD reduced the fruit number and slightly increased the fruit diameter, whereas the total fruit fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW) per plant did not change. Although the growth rate was higher in FI than in PRD fruits, the longer period of cell expansion resulted in bigger PRD fruits. Proteins were extracted from pericarp tissue at two fruit growth stages (15 and 30 days post-anthesis [dpa]), and submitted to proteomic analysis including two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry for identification. Proteins related to carbon and amino acid metabolism indicated that slower metabolic flux in PRD fruits may be the cause of a slower growth rate compared to FI fruits. The increase in expression of the proteins related to cell wall, energy, and stress defense could allow PRD fruits to increase the duration of fruit growth compared to FI fruits. Upregulation of some of the antioxidative enzymes during the cell expansion phase of PRD fruits appears to be related to their role in protecting fruits against the mild stress induced by PRD. PMID:22702247
Marjanovi?, Milena; Stiki?, Radmila; Vuceli?-Radovi?, Biljana; Savi?, Sladjana; Jovanovi?, Zorica; Bertin, Nadia; Faurobert, Mireille
Multiple factor analysis of urine leaks after retroperitoneal laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) is increasingly becoming a definitive therapeutic option for the treatment of small (less than 4 cm) and select moderate-sized (less than 7 cm) renal tumors. Postoperative hemorrhage and urine leak are the most pertinent complications after nephron-sparing surgery, open or laparoscopic. To our knowledge, the risk factors of urine leaks after retroperitoneal LPN have not been studied. We retrospectively analyzed our experience with retroperitoneal LPN to determine risk factors for postoperative urine leak complications. The records of 236 patients who underwent retroperitoneal LPN for renal tumor from March 2003 to October 2010 were reviewed retrospectively. Urine leak was strictly defined as continued urine output from the drain after postoperative day 2. In our series, 39 patients (16.5%) had urine leak complications. On multivariate analysis, mean estimated blood loss (p = 0.0120) and computed tomography angiogram (CTA) examination (p = 0.0286) were independent predictive factors of urine leaks. Moreover, the intraoperative blood loss was significantly reduced in patients undergoing CTA examination (p = 0.0375). Our investigation showed that factors such as intraoperative blood loss and CTA examination are predictors of urine leaks after retroperitoneal LPN. Less intraoperative blood loss to obtain a clear operative field and meticulous suturing technique are necessary to reduce urine leak probability. PMID:22004840
Wang, Ping; Xia, Dan; Wang, Shuo
Identification of spatiotemporal interactions within/between neuron populations is critical for detection and characterization of large-scale neuronal interactions underlying perception, cognition, and behavior. Univariate analysis has been employed successfully in many neuroimaging studies. However, univariate analysis does not explicitly test for interactions between distributed areas of activity and is not sensitive to distributed responses across the brain. Multivariate analysis can explicitly test for multiple statistical models, including the designed paradigm, and allows for spatial and temporal model detection. Here, we investigate multivariate analysis approaches that take into consideration the 4D (time and space) covariance structure of the data. Principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) are two popular multivariate approaches with distinct mathematical constraints. Common difficulties in using these two different decompositions include the following: classification of the revealed components (task-related signal versus noise), overall signal-to-noise sensitivity, and the relatively low computational efficiency (multivariate analysis requires the entire raw data set and more time for model identification analysis). Using both Monte Carlo simulations and empirical data, we derived and tested the generalized partial least squares (gPLS) framework, which can incorporate both PCA and ICA decompositions with computational efficiency. The gPLS method explicitly incorporates the experimental design to simplify the identification of characteristic spatiotemporal patterns. We performed parametric modeling studies of a blocked-design experiment under various conditions, including background noise distribution, sampling rate, and hemodynamic response delay. We used a randomized grouping approach to manipulate the degrees of freedom of PCA and ICA in gPLS to characterize both paradigm coherent and transient brain responses. Simulation data suggest that in the gPLS framework, PCA mostly outperforms ICA as measured by the receiver operating curves (ROCs) in SNR from 0.01 to 100, the hemodynamic response delays from 0 to 3 TR in fMRI, background noise models of Guassian, sub-Gaussian, and super-Gaussian distributions and the number of observations from 5, 10, to 20 in each block of a six-block experiment. Further, due to selective averaging, the gPLS method performs robustly in low signal-to-noise ratio (<1) experiments. We also tested PCA and ICA using PLS in a simulated event-related fMRI data to show their similar detection. Finally, we tested our gPLS approach on empirical fMRI motor data. Using the randomized grouping method, we are able to identify both transient responses and consistent paradigm/model coherent components in the 10-epoch block design motor fMRI experiment. Overall, studies of synthetic and empirical data suggest that PLS analysis, using PCA decomposition, provides a stable and powerful tool for exploration of fMRI/behavior data. PMID:14568440
Lin, Fa-Hsuan; McIntosh, Anthony R; Agnew, John A; Eden, Guinevere F; Zeffiro, Thomas A; Belliveau, John W
Background Bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (Mol.) Standl.] is an important cucurbit crop worldwide. Archaeological research indicates that bottle gourd was domesticated more than 10,000 years ago, making it one of the earliest plants cultivated by man. In spite of its widespread importance and long history of cultivation almost nothing has been known about the genome of this species thus far. Results We report here the partial sequencing of bottle gourd genome using the 454 GS-FLX Titanium sequencing platform. A total of 150,253 sequence reads, which were assembled into 3,994 contigs and 82,522 singletons were generated. The total length of the non-redundant singletons/assemblies is 32 Mb, theoretically covering ~ 10% of the bottle gourd genome. Functional annotation of the sequences revealed a broad range of functional types, covering all the three top-level ontologies. Comparison of the gene sequences between bottle gourd and the model cucurbit cucumber (Cucumis sativus) revealed a 90% sequence similarity on average. Using the sequence information, 4395 microsatellite-containing sequences were identified and 400 SSR markers were developed, of which 94% amplified bands of anticipated sizes. Transferability of these markers to four other cucurbit species showed obvious decline with increasing phylogenetic distance. From analyzing polymorphisms of a subset of 14 SSR markers assayed on 44 representative China bottle gourd varieties/landraces, a principal coordinates (PCo) analysis output and a UPGMA-based dendrogram were constructed. Bottle gourd accessions tended to group by fruit shape rather than geographic origin, although in certain subclades the lines from the same or close origin did tend to cluster. Conclusions This work provides an initial basis for genome characterization, gene isolation and comparative genomics analysis in bottle gourd. The SSR markers developed would facilitate marker assisted breeding schemes for efficient introduction of desired traits. PMID:21942996
Predictors of Local Recurrence Following Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation: A Pooled Analysis
Purpose: To analyze a pooled set of nearly 2,000 patients treated on the American Society of Breast Surgeons (ASBS) Mammosite Registry Trial and at William Beaumont Hospital (WBH) to identify factors associated with local recurrence following accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI). Methods and Materials: A total of 1,961 women underwent partial breast irradiation between April 1993 and November 2010 as part of the ASBS Registry Trial or at WBH. Rates of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR), regional recurrence (RR), distant metastases (DM), disease-free survival (DFS), cause-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS) were analyzed for each group and for the pooled cohort. Clinical, pathologic, and treatment-related variables were analyzed including age, tumor stage/size, estrogen receptor status, surgical margins, and lymph node status to determine their association with IBTR. Results: The two groups weres similar, but WBH patients were more frequently node positive, had positive margins, and were less likely to be within the American Society for Radiation Oncology-unsuitable group. At 5 years, the rates of IBTR, RR, DM, DFS, CSS, and OS for the pooled group of patients were 2.9%, 0.5%, 2.4%, 89.1%, 98.5%, and 91.8%, respectively. The 5-year rate of true recurrence/marginal miss was 0.8%. Univariate analysis of IBTR found that negative estrogen receptor status (odds ratio [OR], 2.83, 95% confidence interval 1.55-5.13, p = 0.0007) was the only factor significantly associated with IBTR, while a trend was seen for age less than 50 (OR 1.80, 95% confidence interval 0.90-3.58, p = 0.10). Conclusions: Excellent 5-year outcomes were seen following APBI in over 1,900 patients. Estrogen receptor negativity was the only factor associated with IBTR, while a trend for age less than 50 was noted. Significant differences in factors associated with IBTR were noted between cohorts, suggesting that factors driving IBTR may be predicated based on the risk stratification of the patients being treated.
Shah, Chirag; Wilkinson, John Ben [Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Cancer Institute, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan (United States); Lyden, Maureen [Biostat Inc., Tampa, Florida (United States); Beitsch, Peter [Dallas Breast Center, Dallas, Texas (United States); Vicini, Frank A., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Beaumont Cancer Institute, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Royal Oak, Michigan (United States)
BESAFE II: Accident safety analysis code for MFE reactor designs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The viability of controlled thermonuclear fusion as an alternative energy source hinges on its desirability from an economic and an environmental and safety standpoint. It is the latter which is the focus of this thesis. For magnetic fusion energy (MFE) devices, the safety concerns equate to a design's behavior during a worst-case accident scenario which is the loss of coolant accident (LOCA). In this dissertation, we examine the behavior of MFE devices during a LOCA and how this behavior relates to the safety characteristics of the machine; in particular the acute, whole-body, early dose. In doing so, we have produced an accident safety code, BESAFE II, now available to the fusion reactor design community. The Appendix constitutes the User's Manual for BESAFE II. The theory behind early dose calculations including the mobilization of activation products is presented in Chapter 2. Since mobilization of activation products is a strong function of temperature, it becomes necessary to calculate the thermal response of a design during a LOCA in order to determine the fraction of the activation products which are mobilized and thus become the source for the dose. The code BESAFE II is designed to determine the temperature history of each region of a design and determine the resulting mobilization of activation products at each point in time during the LOCA. The BESAFE II methodology is discussed in Chapter 4, followed by demonstrations of its use for two reference design cases: a PCA-Li tokamak and a SiC-He tokamak. Of these two cases, it is shown that the SiC-He tokamak is a better design from an accident safety standpoint than the PCA-Li tokamak. It is also found that doses derived from temperature-dependent mobilization data are different than those predicted using set mobilization categories such as those that involve Piet fractions. This demonstrates the need for more experimental data on fusion materials. The possibility for future improvements and modifications to BESAFE II is discussed in Chapter 6, for example, by adding additional environmental indices such as a waste disposal index. The biggest improvement to BESAFE II would be an increase in the database of activation product mobilization for a larger spectrum of fusion reactor materials. The ultimate goal we have is for BESAFE II to become part of a systems design program which would include economic factors and allow both safety and the cost of electricity to influence design.
Sevigny, Lawrence Michael
Taxonomy of Ganoderma lucidum from Korea Based on rDNA and Partial ?-Tubulin Gene Sequence Analysis
In the present study, a phylogenetic analysis was undertaken based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA and partial ?-tubulin gene sequence of the Ganoderma species. The size of the ITS rDNA regions from different Ganoderma species varied from 625 to 673 bp, and those of the partial ?-tubulin gene sequence were 419 bp. Based on the results, a phylogenetic tree was prepared which revealed that Korean Ganoderma lucidum strains belong in a single group along with a G. lucidum strain from Bangladesh. PMID:22783138
Park, Young-Jin; Kwon, O-Chul; Son, Eun-Suk; Yoon, Dae-Eun; Han, Woorijarang; Yoo, Young-Bok
System and Software Safety Analysis for the ERA Control Computer
The European Robotic Arm (ERA) is a seven degrees of freedom relocatable anthropomorphic robotic manipulator system, to be\\u000a used in manned space operation on the International Space Station, supporting the assembly and external servicing of the Russian\\u000a segment.\\u000a \\u000a The safety design concept and implementation of the ERA is described, in particular with respect to the central computer�s\\u000a software design. A
P. G. Beerthuizen; W. Kruidhof
An analysis of electronic health record-related patient safety concerns
Objective A recent Institute of Medicine report called for attention to safety issues related to electronic health records (EHRs). We analyzed EHR-related safety concerns reported within a large, integrated healthcare system. Methods The Informatics Patient Safety Office of the Veterans Health Administration (VA) maintains a non-punitive, voluntary reporting system to collect and investigate EHR-related safety concerns (ie, adverse events, potential events, and near misses). We analyzed completed investigations using an eight-dimension sociotechnical conceptual model that accounted for both technical and non-technical dimensions of safety. Using the framework analysis approach to qualitative data, we identified emergent and recurring safety concerns common to multiple reports. Results We extracted 100 consecutive, unique, closed investigations between August 2009 and May 2013 from 344 reported incidents. Seventy-four involved unsafe technology and 25 involved unsafe use of technology. A majority (70%) involved two or more model dimensions. Most often, non-technical dimensions such as workflow, policies, and personnel interacted in a complex fashion with technical dimensions such as software/hardware, content, and user interface to produce safety concerns. Most (94%) safety concerns related to either unmet data-display needs in the EHR (ie, displayed information available to the end user failed to reduce uncertainty or led to increased potential for patient harm), software upgrades or modifications, data transmission between components of the EHR, or �hidden dependencies� within the EHR. Discussion EHR-related safety concerns involving both unsafe technology and unsafe use of technology persist long after �go-live� and despite the sophisticated EHR infrastructure represented in our data source. Currently, few healthcare institutions have reporting and analysis capabilities similar to the VA. Conclusions Because EHR-related safety concerns have complex sociotechnical origins, institutions with long-standing as well as recent EHR implementations should build a robust infrastructure to monitor and learn from them. PMID:24951796
Meeks, Derek W; Smith, Michael W; Taylor, Lesley; Sittig, Dean F; Scott, Jean M; Singh, Hardeep
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This presentation discusses an analysis approach to evaluate the interuser interference for Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum (DSSS) Systems for Space Network (SN) Users. Part I of this analysis shows that the correlation property of pseudo noise (PN) sequences is the critical factor which determines the interuser interference performance of the DSSS system. For non-standard DSSS systems in which PN sequence s period is much larger than one data symbol duration, it is the partial-period cross-correlation that determines the system performance. This study reveals through an example that a well-designed PN sequence set (e.g. Gold Sequence, in which the cross-correlation for a whole-period is well controlled) may have non-controlled partial-period cross-correlation which could cause severe interuser interference for a DSSS system. Since the analytical derivation of performance metric (bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio) based on partial-period cross-correlation is prohibitive, the performance degradation due to partial-period cross-correlation will be evaluated using simulation in Part II of this analysis in the future.
Ni, Jianjun (David)
Process hazards analysis (PrHA) program, bridging accident analyses and operational safety
Recently the Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR) for the Plutonium Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory, Technical Area 55 (TA-55) was revised and submitted to the US. Department of Energy (DOE). As a part of this effort, over seventy Process Hazards Analyses (PrHAs) were written and/or revised over the six years prior to the FSAR revision. TA-55 is a research, development, and production nuclear facility that primarily supports US. defense and space programs. Nuclear fuels and material research; material recovery, refining and analyses; and the casting, machining and fabrication of plutonium components are some of the activities conducted at TA-35. These operations involve a wide variety of industrial, chemical and nuclear hazards. Operational personnel along with safety analysts work as a team to prepare the PrHA. PrHAs describe the process; identi fy the hazards; and analyze hazards including determining hazard scenarios, their likelihood, and consequences. In addition, the interaction of the process to facility systems, structures and operational specific protective features are part of the PrHA. This information is rolled-up to determine bounding accidents and mitigating systems and structures. Further detailed accident analysis is performed for the bounding accidents and included in the FSAR. The FSAR is part of the Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) that defines the safety envelope for all facility operations in order to protect the worker, the public, and the environment. The DSA is in compliance with the US. Code of Federal Regulations, 10 CFR 830, Nuclear Safety Management and is approved by DOE. The DSA sets forth the bounding conditions necessary for the safe operation for the facility and is essentially a 'license to operate.' Safely of day-to-day operations is based on Hazard Control Plans (HCPs). Hazards are initially identified in the PrI-IA for the specific operation and act as input to the HCP. Specific protective features important to worker safety are incorporated so the worker can readily identify the safety parameters of the their work. System safety tools such as Preliminary Hazard Analysis, What-If Analysis, Hazard and Operability Analysis as well as other techniques as necessary provide the groundwork for both determining bounding conditions for facility safety, operational safety, and day-to-clay worker safety.
Richardson, J. A. (Jeanne A.); McKernan, S. A. (Stuart A.); Vigil, M. J. (Michael J.)
Bayesian Statistics and Uncertainty Quantification for Safety Boundary Analysis in Complex Systems
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The analysis of a safety-critical system often requires detailed knowledge of safe regions and their highdimensional non-linear boundaries. We present a statistical approach to iteratively detect and characterize the boundaries, which are provided as parameterized shape candidates. Using methods from uncertainty quantification and active learning, we incrementally construct a statistical model from only few simulation runs and obtain statistically sound estimates of the shape parameters for safety boundaries.
He, Yuning; Davies, Misty Dawn
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Partial-reflection data collected for the eclipse of July 10, 1972 as well as for July 9 and 11, 1972, are analyzed to determine eclipse effects on D-region electron densities. The partial-reflection experiment was set up to collect data using an on-line PDP-15 computer and DECtape storage. The electron-density profiles show good agreement with results from other eclipses. The partial-reflection programs were changed after the eclipse data collection to improve the operation of the partial-reflection system. These changes were mainly due to expanded computer hardware and have simplified the operations of the system considerably.
Bean, T. A.; Bowhill, S. A.
During the early stages of fracture healing, rigid internal fixation maintains alignment and promotes primary osseous union. Unfortunately, as healing progresses rigid fixation from bone plating can cause bone in the region of the plate to undergo stress protection atrophy. This can result in significant loss of bone mass and osteoporosis. Refracture of the bone upon device removal is a widely reported complication. In an effort to minimize or eliminate stress protection atrophy, we have designed a partially absorbable, fiber-reinforced bone plate. Ideally, such a plate gradually loses rigidity as the fracture heals, increasingly transferring stress to the bone. Stress protection may be avoided and removal of the device after healing may be unnecessary. Composite theory was used to determine an optimum fiber layup for a composite bone plate. Composite analysis suggested the mechanical superiority of a 0 degree/ +/ -45 degree laminae layup. Given this laminated design, a thermoplastic absorbable polymer (polylactic acid polymer) was reinforced with high-modulus carbon fiber to produce a semiabsorbable composite. Implant evaluation included optimizing fabrication techniques, thorough mechanical device testing, and implantation on canine femurs to determine biocompatibility and efficacy. The composite design proved to have superior static and fatigue properties to laminated or random fiber designs used previously. Two techniques for hole fabrication were tested. The production of screw holes during the molding process rather than machining postmolding, improved the mechanical integrity of the finished plate. Although the 0 degree/ +/- 45 degree carbon/polylactic acid composite possessed superior mechanical properties, it was unsuccessful in the in vivo environment. Water absorption and subsequent delamination made the plate flexible. Hypertrophic nonunions developed. Further development to prevent water intrusion and premature loss of mechanical properties is necessary. PMID:3429470
Zimmerman, M; Parsons, J R; Alexander, H
Effect of axial loads on implant-supported partial fixed prostheses by strain gauge analysis
Objectives The present study used strain gauge analysis to perform an in vitro evaluation of the effect of axial loading on 3 elements of implant-supported partial fixed prostheses, varying the type of prosthetic cylinder and the loading points. Material and methods Three internal hexagon implants were linearly embedded in a polyurethane block. Microunit abutments were connected to the implants applying a torque of 20 Ncm, and prefabricated Co-Cr cylinders and plastic prosthetic cylinders were screwed onto the abutments, which received standard patterns cast in Co-Cr alloy (n=5). Four strain gauges (SG) were bonded onto the surface of the block tangentially to the implants, SG 01 mesially to implant 1, SG 02 and SG 03 mesially and distally to implant 2, respectively, and SG 04 distally to implant 3. Each metallic structure was screwed onto the abutments with a 10 Ncm torque and an axial load of 30 kg was applied at five predetermined points (A, B, C, D, E). The data obtained from the strain gauge analyses were analyzed statistically by RM ANOVA and Tukey's test, with a level of significance of p<0.05. Results There was a significant difference for the loading point (p=0.0001), with point B generating the smallest microdeformation (239.49 ??) and point D the highest (442.77 ??). No significant difference was found for the cylinder type (p=0.748). Conclusions It was concluded that the type of cylinder did not affect in the magnitude of microdeformation, but the axial loading location influenced this magnitude. PMID:22230995
de VASCONCELLOS, Luis Gustavo Oliveira; NISHIOKA, Renato Sussumu; de VASCONCELLOS, Luana Marotta Reis; NISHIOKA, Lea Nogueira Braulino de Melo
As part of its duties in connection with space missions involving nuclear power sources, the Office of Nuclear Safety (ONS) of the Office of Assistant Secretary for Environmental Protection, Safety, and Emergency Preparedness has been assigned the task of reviewing the Overall Safety Manual (OSM) (memo from B.J. Rock to J.R. Maher, December 1, 1982). The OSM, dated July 1981 and in four volumes, was prepared by NUS Corporation, Rockville, Maryland, for the US Department of Energy. The OSM provides many of the technical models and much of the data which are used by (1) space launch contractors in safety analysis reports and (2) the broader Interagency Nuclear Safety Review Panel (INSRP) safety evaluation reports. If fhs interaction between the OSM, contractors, and INSRP is to work effectively, the OSM must be accurate, comprehensive, understandable, and usable.
Coleman, J.; Inhaber, H.
Fault Tree Safety Analysis of a Large Li/Socl2 Spacecraft Battery.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The results of the safety fault tree analysis on the eight module, 576 F cell Li/SOCl2 battery on the spacecraft and in the integration and test environment prior to launch on the ground are presented. The analysis showed that with the right combination o...
O. M. Uy R. H. Maurer
A layered approach to automated electrical safety analysis in automotive environments
Software support for the automotive electrical design process is vital, as many of the safety analysis tasks needing to be carried out, while complex, are repetitive and time consuming. Such support is required throughout the design process, but the available commercial tools are only appropriate at specific points in the design process�providing either an early rough analysis or a late
C. J. Price; N. A. Snooke; S. D. Lewis
Combining functional and structural reasoning for safety analysis of electrical designs
Increasing complexity of design in automotive electrical systems has been paralleled by increased demands for analysis of the safety and reliability aspects of those designs. Such demands can place a great burden on the engineers charged with carrying out the analysis. This paper describes how the intended functions of a circuit design can be combined with a qualitative model of
Background Satisfactory completion of mine safety training is a prerequisite for being hired and for continued employment in the coal industry. Although training includes content to develop skills in a variety of mineworker competencies, research and recommendations continue to specify that specific limitations in the self-escape portion of training still exist and that mineworkers need to be better prepared to respond to emergencies that could occur in their mine. Ecological models are often used to inform the development of health promotion programs but have not been widely applied to occupational health and safety training programs. Methods Nine mine safety trainers participated in in-depth semi-structured interviews. A theoretical analysis of the interviews was completed via an ecological lens. Each level of the social ecological model was used to examine factors that could be addressed both during and after mine safety training. Results The analysis suggests that problems surrounding communication and collaboration, leadership development, and responsibility and accountability at different levels within the mining industry contribute to deficiencies in mineworkers' mastery and maintenance of skills. Conclusion This study offers a new technique to identify limitations in safety training systems and processes. The analysis suggests that training should be developed and disseminated with consideration of various levels�individual, interpersonal, organizational, and community�to promote skills. If factors identified within and between levels are addressed, it may be easier to sustain mineworker competencies that are established during safety training. PMID:25379324
Haas, Emily J.; Hoebbel, Cassandra L.; Rost, Kristen A.
Overheads, Safety Analysis and Engineering FY 1995 Site Support Program Plan WBS 6.3.5
The Safety Analysis & Engineering (SA&E) department provides core competency for safety analysis and risk documentation that supports achievement of the goals and mission as described in the Hanford Mission Plan, Volume I, Site Guidance (DOE-RL 1993). SA&E operations are integrated into the programs that plan and conduct safe waste management, environmental restoration, and operational activities. SA&E personnel are key members of task teams assigned to eliminate urgent risks and inherent threats that exist at the Hanford Site. Key to ensuring protection of public health and safety, and that of onsite workers, are the products and services provided by the department. SA&E will continue to provide a leadership role throughout the DOE complex with innovative, cost-effective approaches to ensuring safety during environmental cleanup operations. The SA&E mission is to provide support to direct program operations through safety analysis and risk documentation and to maintain an infrastructure responsive to the evolutionary climate at the Hanford Site. SA&E will maintain the appropriate skills mix necessary to fulfill the customers need to conduct all operations in a safe and cost-effective manner while ensuring the safety of the public and the onsite worker.
DiVincenzo, E.P.
One of the biggest challenges for organizations in today's competitive business environment is to create and preserve a self-sustaining safety culture. Typically, the key drivers of safety culture in many organizations are regulation, audits, safety training, various types of employee exhortations to comply with safety norms, etc. However, less evident factors like networking relationships and social trust amongst employees, as
Suman Rao
Given the heightened concerns and awareness among US consumers regarding imported product safety issues, as well as today's businesses' strong involvement with product safety assurance, it is imperative for family and consumer science educators to understand issues surrounding the safety of consumer products. This study analysed product recall data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) specific to infant
Pamela Norum; Jung Ha-Brookshire
Given the heightened concerns and awareness among US consumers regarding imported product safety issues, as well as today's businesses' strong involvement with product safety assurance, it is imperative for family and consumer science educators to understand issues surrounding the safety of consumer products. This study analysed product recall data from the US Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) specific to infant
Pamela Norum; Jung Ha-Brookshire
14 CFR 417.309 - Flight safety system analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
...demonstrates that the system satisfies the fault tolerance requirements of section D417.5(b). Each analysis must: (1) Follow a standard industry methodology such as a fault tree analysis or a failure modes effects...
14 CFR 417.309 - Flight safety system analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
...demonstrates that the system satisfies the fault tolerance requirements of section D417.5(b). Each analysis must: (1) Follow a standard industry methodology such as a fault tree analysis or a failure modes effects...
This document provides guidance for the production of safety analysis reports that must meet both DOE Order 5480.23 and STD 3009, and be in compliance with the DOE regulatory policy that imposes certain NRC requirements.
Garvin, L.J.
Review and Analysis of Development of "Safety by Design" Requirements
This report, the deliverable for Task 4 of the NA-243 Safeguards by Design Work Plan for Fiscal Year 2009, develops the lessons to be learned for the institutionalization of Safeguards By Design (SBD) from the Department of Energy (DOE) experience developing and implementing DOE-STD-1189, Integration of Safety into the Design Process. This experience was selected for study because of the similarity of the challenges of integrating safety and safeguards into the design process. Development of DOE-STD-1189 began in January 2006 and the standard was issued for implementation in March 2008. The process was much more time consuming than originally anticipated and might not have come to fruition had senior DOE management been less committed to its success. Potentially valuable lessons can be learned from both the content and presentation of the integration approach in DOE-STD-1189 and from the DOE experience in developing and implementing DOE-STD-1189. These lessons are important because the instutionalization of SBD does not yet appear to have the level of senior management commitment afforded development and implementation of DOE-STD-1189.
Vance, Scott A.; Hockert, John
TOWARDS INTEGRATED SAFETY ANALYSIS AND DESIGN P Fenelon, J A McDermid, M Nicholson, D J Pumfrey
There are currently many problems with the development and assessment of software intensive safety-critical systems and assessment of safety-critical systems could, only slightly unfairly, be characterised as an `over the wall integration between safety analysis and design techniques, especially for software based systems
Pumfrey, David
Abstract - Preliminary risk analysis (PRA) is a methodology used in critical systems safety studies (aeronautics, weapons systems, chemistry, railway...) in order to study the safety of the systems. From one standard contents of PRA to be used in the context of the railway systems. Keywords - Railway safety
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Partial volume correction and image analysis methods for intersubject comparison of FDG-PET studies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Partial volume effect is an artifact mainly due to the limited imaging sensor resolution. It creates bias in the measured activity in small structures and around tissue boundaries. In brain FDG-PET studies, especially for Alzheimer's disease study where there is serious gray matter atrophy, accurate estimate of cerebral metabolic rate of glucose is even more problematic due to large amount of partial volume effect. In this dissertation, we developed a framework enabling inter-subject comparison of partial volume corrected brain FDG-PET studies. The framework is composed of the following image processing steps: (1)MRI segmentation, (2)MR-PET registration, (3)MR based PVE correction, (4)MR 3D inter-subject elastic mapping. Through simulation studies, we showed that the newly developed partial volume correction methods, either pixel based or ROI based, performed better than previous methods. By applying this framework to a real Alzheimer's disease study, we demonstrated that the partial volume corrected glucose rates vary significantly among the control, at risk and disease patient groups and this framework is a promising tool useful for assisting early identification of Alzheimer's patients.
Yang, Jun
DOE set clear expectations on a cost-effective approach for achieving compliance with the Nuclear Safety Management requirements (20 CFR 830, Nuclear Safety Rule), which ensured long-term benefit to Hanford, via issuance of a nuclear safety strategy in February 2003. To facilitate implementation of these expectations, tools were developed to streamline and standardize safety analysis and safety document development with the goal of a shorter and more predictable DOE approval cycle. A Hanford Safety Analysis and Risk Assessment Handbook (SARAH) was approved to standardize methodologies for development of safety analyses. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet (RADIDOSE) was approved for the evaluation of radiological consequences for accident scenarios often postulated at Hanford. Standard safety management program chapters were approved for use as a means of compliance with the programmatic chapters of DOE-STD-3009, ''Preparation Guide for U.S. Department of Energy Nonreactor Nuclear Facility Safety Analysis Reports''. An in-process review was developed between DOE and the Contractor to facilitate DOE approval and provide early course correction. The new Documented Safety Analysis (DSA) developed to address the operations of four facilities within the Solid Waste Operations Complex (SWOC) necessitated development of an Implementation Validation Review (IVR) process. The IVR process encompasses the following objectives: safety basis controls and requirements are adequately incorporated into appropriate facility documents and work instructions, facility personnel are knowledgeable of controls and requirements, and the DSA/TSR controls have been implemented. Based on DOE direction and safety analysis tools, four waste management nuclear facilities were integrated into one safety basis document. With successful completion of implementation of this safety document, lessons-learned from the in-process review, safety analysis tools and IVR process were documented for future action and consideration at other DOE sites.
Stage Right operational safety analysis and evaluation of Pantex personnel operations
This report documents a study (Stage Right Operational Safety Analysis) that was performed to evaluate the effects of new Stage Right operations on the safety of Pantex personnel who perform the operations and maintain the equipment. The primary concern of the evaluation was for personnel safety during Stage Right operations, but operations equipment damage and degradation also were taken into account. This analysis evaluates safety of the work process in the staging of dismantled nuclear weapon pits within the modified Richmond magazines only. This Stage Right Process and Operational Safety Analysis includes the following processes: moving the pelletized drums from the pallet trailer to the pallet turner, staging of pallets and removal of pallets from the magazine, recovery from an incident in a magazine, setting up, opening, and closing a Zone 4 magazine, inventory of pelletized drums in the magazines, transporting pelletized drums from Zone 12 to Zone 4, and maintenance on the shielded lift truck that involves removal of the cab shielding. The analysis includes the following undesirable consequences: injury to personnel, breach of an AL-R8 container, drop of a loaded pallet, damage to equipment, and equipment unreliability.
Rountree, S.L.K.; Whitehurst, H.O.; Tomlin, E.H.; Restrepo, L.F. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); White, J. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)]|[Intera, Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Station Blackout: A case study in the interaction of mechanistic and probabilistic safety analysis
The ability to better characterize and quantify safety margins is important to improved decision making about nuclear power plant design, operation, and plant life extension. As research and development (R&D) in the light-water reactor (LWR) Sustainability (LWRS) Program and other collaborative efforts yield new data, sensors, and improved scientific understanding of physical processes that govern the aging and degradation of plant SSCs needs and opportunities to better optimize plant safety and performance will become known. The purpose of the Risk Informed Safety Margin Characterization (RISMC) Pathway R&D is to support plant decisions for risk-informed margin management with the aim to improve economics, reliability, and sustain safety of current NPPs. In this paper, we describe the RISMC analysis process illustrating how mechanistic and probabilistic approaches are combined in order to estimate a safety margin. We use the scenario of a �station blackout� wherein offsite power and onsite power is lost, thereby causing a challenge to plant safety systems. We describe the RISMC approach, illustrate the station blackout modeling, and contrast this with traditional risk analysis modeling for this type of accident scenario.
Curtis Smith; Diego Mandelli; Cristian Rabiti
The industrial safety professionals: a comparative analysis from World War I until the 1980s.
The birth of industrial society produced demand for the services of professionals specialized in matters related to industrial safety. Three professions--safety engineering, industrial medicine, and ergonomics--are examined. These professions are observed to either submit to single sets of demands, to integrate contradictory demands, or to experience scission. Until the late 1960s their growth appears to have been relatively peaceful and uncontroversial. From this period onward, controversy breaks out over questions related to industrial safety, and professions and government administrations grow. Increasingly, the traditional approach of safety professionals is called into question, and they adopt new orientations. These changes are mapped through the examination of data drawn principally from the United States, France, Great Britain, and to a lesser extent Brazil. The traditional standards approach competes with cost-benefit analysis and with systemic safety for influence; in addition, an emergent approach that analyzes accident causes in terms of social relations of work is detected. From Bhopal to Chernobyl, new technologies subject civilian populations to risks of catastrophic accidents, and the action of safety professionals comes under the spotlight. The analysis constructed permits new understandings of the past and the future of these professions. PMID:1399177
Dwyer, T
Safety analysis report for the TRUPACT-II shipping package (condensed version). Volume 1, Rev. 14
The condensed version of the TRUPACT-II Contact Handled Transuranic Waste Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) contains essential material required by TRUPACT-II users, plus additional contents (payload) information previously submitted to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. All or part of the following sections, which are not required by users of the TRUPACT-II, are deleted from the condensed version: (i) structural analysis, (ii) thermal analysis, (iii) containment analysis, (iv) criticality analysis, (v) shielding analysis, and (vi) hypothetical accident test results.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Two flood analysis estimation schemes, based on, respectively, partial duration series (PDS) and annual maximum series (AMS), are compared. The PDS model assumes a Generalized Pareto (GP) distribution for modeling the flood exceedances above threshold corresponding to a generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution for annual maxima. As a generalization of the common assumption of the Poisson distribution (PD) to count the occurrences of peaks over threshold in the PDS models, the advantage of negative binomial (NB) distribution is explored in this study. The T-year event estimator for the annual maximum distribution corresponding to the parent PDS model is formulated for producing AMS samples consistent with PDS samples which are used in simulations. The performance of the two models in terms of the uncertainty of the T-year event estimator is evaluated in the cases of estimation with the method of probability weighted moments (PWM). In a similar way, the performance of the derived PDS/NB-GP model is compared with the existing PDS/PD-GP model in terms of uncertainty of T-year event estimator using simulation and field data. The results show the T-year event estimate using PDS/NB-GP model yields lower variance compared to PDS/PD-GP models for most cases. However both the models perform similarly at higher return periods more than 300 years, using the ratios of the variance of T-years estimate as an index, and the ratio decreases with an increase in mean number of annual exceedances above threshold (?). From the results it is observed that both AMS and PDS models yield the same variance when ? varies from 1.4 to 1.65. However, in case of NB distribution the PDS and AMS models gives the same variance of q(T) when variance (?2) is 1.5 times the mean number of annual exceedance above threshold. The performance of the PDS models and the corresponding AMS models using the available data of Dee (at Cairnton) shows the PDS/NB-GP model to be marginally better at return periods lower than 50 years.
Bhunya, P. K.; Berndtsson, R.; Jain, Sharad. K.; Kumar, Rakesh
Incremental Algorithms for Inter-procedural Analysis of Safety Properties
, Kedar S. Namjoshi2 , Dennis Dams2 , and Stephen A. Edwards1 1 Department of Computer Science, Columbia a substantial speed-up over re-analysis from scratch, with a manageable amount of disk space used to store a derivation graph, which records the analysis process. In response to a program change, the algorithms re
Framing analysis of software failure with safety cases
Failures of digital systems arise from design faults that are introduced during system development or maintenance, and the complexity and tight coupling of these systems can lead to accidents involving interactions of multiple failed components. These factors complicate the analysis of digital system failures, particularly with respect to framing an analysis and issuing recommendations that are relevant and practicable. We
William S. Greenwell; John C. Knight
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
This is a listing of recent unclassified RTO technical publications processed by the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information from January 1, 2001 through March 31, 2001 available on the NASA Aeronautics and Space Database. Contents include 1) Cognitive Task Analysis; 2) RTO Educational Notes; 3) The Capability of Virtual Reality to Meet Military Requirements; 4) Aging Engines, Avionics, Subsystems and Helicopters; 5) RTO Meeting Proceedings; 6) RTO Technical Reports; 7) Low Grazing Angle Clutter...; 8) Verification and Validation Data for Computational Unsteady Aerodynamics; 9) Space Observation Technology; 10) The Human Factor in System Reliability...; 11) Flight Control Design...; 12) Commercial Off-the-Shelf Products in Defense Applications.
Objective To report our initial experience with robot-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy compared to traditional laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods A retrospective review of the Johns Hopkins Minimally Invasive Urological Surgery Database identified 207 consecutive patients undergoing laparoscopic or robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy between 2007 and 2011 by a single surgeon. Patient demographics, pathologic, operative, and peri-operative outcomes were compared between surgical techniques. Early oncologic outcomes are reported for the entire cohort. Results 102 and 105 patients underwent LPN and RALPN, respectively. Demographic data was comparable between groups. Clinical and pathologic tumor characteristics were similar between groups, and a significant proportion (?48%) of patients in each group had moderate to high complexity tumors. Patients undergoing RALPN had decreased warm ischemia time, estimated blood loss, and operative times on univariate and multivariate analysis. There was no difference in total peri-operative or significant Urologic complications between groups. Review of early oncologic outcomes revealed no local recurrences and 1 case of metastatic RCC. Conclusions Minimally invasive partial nephrectomy is associated with favorable peri-operative outcomes and low morbidity. RALPN appears to be associated with favorable warm ischemia times when compared to LPN. PMID:22698464
Mullins, Jeffrey K.; Feng, Tom; Pierorazio, Phillip M.; Patel, Hiten D.; Hyams, Elias S.; Allaf, Mohamad E.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The purpose of this study was to investigate the contributions of socioeconomic status (SES) in predicting social cognitive career theory (SCCT) factors. Data were collected from 738 college students in Taiwan. The results of the partial least squares (PLS) analyses indicated that SES significantly predicted career decision self-efficacy (CDSE);�
Huang, Jie-Tsuen; Hsieh, Hui-Hsien
PurposeLaparoscopic partial nephrectomy is an emerging minimally invasive, nephron sparing approach for renal cell carcinoma. We compared perioperative outcomes after laparoscopic and open nephron sparing surgery (NSS) for patients with a solitary renal tumor of 7 cm or less at a single institution.
Inverse numerical modeling was applied to analyze pumping tests of partially penetrating wells carried out in three wells established in an unconfined aquifer in Vejen, Denmark, where extensive field investigations had previously been carried out, including tracer tests, mini-slug tests, and other hydraulic tests. Drawdown data from multiple piezometers located at various horizontal and vertical distances from the pumping well
S. Hvilsh�j; K. H. Jensen; H. C. Barlebo; B. Madsen
Partial diallel analysis of agronomic characters in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding seeking to combine high productivity and cold tolerance for the temperate Latin America region is an important challenge. We estimated some useful parameters which can be used to investigate the genetic control of agronomic characters in crosses combining cold tolerance and productivity. A partial diallel de- sign was used in crosses between six tropical indica
Edgar Alonso Torres; Isaias O. Geraldi
A Static Partial Equilibrium Analysis of Malta's Entry in the EC: The Case of Agriculture1
The paper analyses the economic effects of Malta's accession to the EC and the implications on the Maltese economy of an eventual participation in the Common Agricultural Policy. The methodology used is a partial-equilibrium model composed of three sub-models: a demand, a supply and a trade model. Empirical evidence shows that accession is going to affect adversely both consumers and
Leonard Mizzi
investigates learning algorithm design in potential game theoretic cooperative control, where it is in general for cooperative control of multi-agent systems. A lot of learning algorithms have been established in game theoryPayoff-based Inhomogeneous Partially Irrational Play for Potential Game Theoretic Cooperative
In this paper we illustrate how sensitivities can be used to provide a practical precursor to dynamic transitions and numerical uncertainty in parameterized nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations. In particular, we focus on reaction-diffusion equations and provide numerical examples to illustrate the ideas and to suggest how one might use sensitivities to address computational uncertainty.
John A. Burns; Lisa G. Davis
Structural connectivity in human brain has been studied by modeling the statistical dependence between features of cortical regions, such as gray matter thickness. Statistical correlations between gray matter thickness have been mainly used as a metric to study this dependence. In this paper, we propose the use of partial correlations instead of Pearson correlation for inferring the brain structural connectivity
Anand A. Joshi; Shantanu H. Joshi; Ivo D. Dinov; David W. Shattuck; Richard M. Leahy; Arthur W. Toga
System safety education focused on flight safety
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The measures necessary for achieving higher levels of system safety are analyzed with an eye toward maintaining the combat capability of the Air Force. Several education courses were provided for personnel involved in safety management. Data include: (1) Flight Safety Officer Course, (2) Advanced Safety Program Management, (3) Fundamentals of System Safety, and (4) Quantitative Methods of Safety Analysis.
Holt, E.
The purpose of this analysis is to systematically identify and evaluate hazards related to the tunnel boring machine (TBM) used in the Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) at the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project. This process is an integral part of the systems engineering process; whereby safety is considered during planning, design, testing, and construction. Since the TBM is an ''as built'' system, the M&O is conducting the System Safety Analysis during the construction or assembly phase of the TBM. A largely qualitative approach was used since a radiological System Safety Analysis is not required. The risk assessment in this analysis characterizes the accident scenarios associated with the TBM in terms of relative risk and includes recommendations for mitigating all identified risks. The priority for recommending and implementing mitigation control features is: (1) Incorporate measures to reduce risks and hazards into the system/subsystem/component design, (2) add safety features and capabilities to existing designs, and (3) develop procedures and conduct training to increase worker awareness of potential hazards, on methods to reduce exposure to hazards, and on the actions required to avoid accidents or correct hazardous conditions. The scope of this analysis is limited to the TBM during normal operations, excluding hazards occurring during assembly and test of the TBM or maintenance of the TBM equipment.
Costs and benefits of automative fuel economy improvement: A partial analysis
This paper describes an exercise in estimating the costs and benefits of technology-based fuel economy improvements for automobiles and light trucks. Benefits quantified include vehicle costs, fuel savings, consumers' surplus effects, the effect of reduced weight on vehicle safety, impacts on emissions of CO2 and criteria pollutants, world oil market and energy security benefits, and the transfer of wealth from
David L. Greene; K. G. Duleep
The purpose of this analysis is to systematically identify and evaluate hazards related to the design of the Yucca Mountain Project Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) East-West Cross Drift. This analysis builds upon prior ESF System Safety Analyses and incorporates TS Main Drift scenarios, where applicable, into the East-West Drift scenarios. This System Safety Analysis (SSA) focuses on the personnel safety and health hazards associated with the engineered design of the East-West Drift. The analysis also evaluates other aspects of the East-West Drift, including purchased equipment (e.g., scientific mapping platform) or Systems/Structures/Components (SSCs) and out-of-tolerance conditions. In addition to recommending design mitigation features, the analysis identifies the potential need for procedures, training, or Job Safety Analyses (JSAs). The inclusion of this information in the SSA is intended to assist the organization(s) (e.g., constructor, Safety and Health, design) responsible for these aspects of the East-West Drift in evaluating personnel hazards and augment the information developed by these organizations. The SSA is an integral part of the systems engineering process, whereby safety is considered during planning, design, testing, and construction. A largely qualitative approach is used which incorporates operating experiences and recommendations from vendors, the constructor and the operating contractor. The risk assessment in this analysis characterizes the scenarios associated with East-West Drift SSCs in terms of relative risk and includes recommendations for mitigating all identified hazards. The priority for recommending and implementing mitigation control features is: (1) Incorporate measures to reduce risks and hazards into SSC designs. (2) Add safety features and capabilities to existing designs. (3) Develop procedures and conduct training to increase worker awareness of potential hazards, reduce exposure to hazards, and inform personnel of the actions required to avoid accidents or correct hazardous conditions. This analysis does not consider temporary construction items and, therefore, does not consider hazards associated with temporary construction items. This analysis will be reviewed and updated to reflect new East-West Drift design changes, construction modifications, and ''as built'' documentation of the East-West Drift when completed. A major difference between this analysis and previous ESF SSAs is the inclusion of hazards that arise as a result of non-accident events, (e.g., ''off-normal'' operations, adverse environmental conditions, or ''out-of-tolerance'' conditions). Non-accident events, that were not included in previous ESF SSAs, include environmental and/or toxic hazards such as leaking gases/fluids, off-gassing reactions, and excessive dust, particulates, exhaust fumes, noise, temperature, etc. which could have an adverse health effect on personnel.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
This paper shows a comparative analysis between France and Japan on the way of the local governments' involvement in nuclear safety governance through some interviews. In France, a law came into force that requires related local governments to establish "Commision Locale d'Information" (CLI), which means the local governments officially involve in nuclear regulatory activity. Meanwhile, in Japan, related local governments substantially involve in the operation of nuclear facilities through the "safety agreements" in spite of the lack of legal authority. As a result of comparative analysis, we can point out some institutional input from French cases as follows: to clarify the local governments' roles in the nuclear regulation system, to establish the official channels of communication among nuclear utilities, national regulatory authorities and local governments, and to stipulate explicitly the transparency as a purpose of safety regulation.
Sugawara, Shin-Etsu; Shiroyama, Hideaki
Partial genome sequence of a herpes-like virus, isolated from Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), was determined and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. The virus (SbSHV) has been shown to be the causative agent of an acute disease with high mortality in farmed juvenile sturgeons in Russia. Two fragments (of 7000 and 300 base pairs in length) encompassing 3 complete and 3 partial ORFs were amplified by PCR. Sturgeon herpesvirus strains, classified into species Acipenserid herpesvirus 2 (AciHV-2), have been isolated and partially sequenced from several regions (California, Idaho, Oregon and Canada) of North America from white (A. transmontanus) and shortnose sturgeons (A. brevirostrum). The sequence of the SbSHV strain shared highest identity with that of the Canadian strain originating from shortnose sturgeon. The phylogenetic analysis also confirmed that SbSHV is closely related to AciHV-2 and could also be classified into this virus species. This is the first report on the occurrence of AciHV-2 in Europe. Previously, only another virus species, AciHV-1 has been detected in farmed white sturgeons in Italy. The size and position of ORFs in the examined gene block confirmed that this genomic region is highly conserved in members of the genus Ictalurivirus. PMID:20460226
Doszpoly, Andor; Shchelkunov, Igor S
Background There is no consensus as to what extent of �wrap� is required in a fundoplication for correction of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Objective To evaluate if a complete (360 degree) or partial fundoplication gives better control of GERD. Methods A systematic search of MEDLINE and Scopus identified interventional and observational studies of fundoplication in children. Screening identified those comparing techniques. The primary outcome was recurrence of GERD following surgery. Dysphagia and complications were secondary outcomes of interest. Meta-analysis was performed when appropriate. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Results 2289 abstracts were screened, yielding 2 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 12 retrospective cohort studies. The RCTs were pooled. There was no difference in surgical success between partial and complete fundoplication, OR 1.33 [0.67,2.66]. In the 12 cohort studies, 3 (25%) used an objective assessment of the surgery, one of which showed improved outcomes with complete fundoplication. Twenty-five different complications were reported; common were dysphagia and gas-bloat syndrome. Overall study quality was poor. Conclusions The comparison of partial fundoplication with complete fundoplication warrants further study. The evidence does not demonstrate superiority of one technique. The lack of high quality RCTs and the methodological heterogeneity of observational studies limits a powerful meta-analysis. PMID:25386679
Glen, Peter; Chass�, Micha�l; Doyle, Mary-Anne; Nasr, Ahmed; Fergusson, Dean A.
[Cloning and sequence analysis of major ampullate spidroin-1 partial cDNA from Araneus ventricosus].
In this paper, we successfully constructed the cDNA library of major ampullate gland of Araneus ventricousus using pUC18 vector and cloned the partial cDNA (AvMaSp1, GenBank accession number AY177203) encoding spider major ampullate gland spidroin-1 by means of picking colony randomly (Bird gun). The partial cDNA sequence of AvMaSp1 was 1 408 bp and its region in encoding was 1 288 bp. The protein deduced from AvMaSp1 contained 429 amino acid residues and molecular weight was 34.07 kDa. The repetitive motif of this cDNA sequence was (GA)nAm(GA)N and the identity with A. diadematus fibroin-1 mRNA (ADF-1, GenBank accession number ADU47853) was 75.0%. PMID:19273427
Ren, Hong-Lin; Zhang, Wen-Hui; Pan, Feng-Guang; Lu, Shi-Ying
Inverse numerical modeling was applied to analyze pumping tests of partially penetrating wells carried out in three wells\\u000a established in an unconfined aquifer in Vejen, Denmark, where extensive field investigations had previously been carried out,\\u000a including tracer tests, mini-slug tests, and other hydraulic tests. Drawdown data from multiple piezometers located at various\\u000a horizontal and vertical distances from the pumping well
S. Hvilsh�j; K. H. Jensen; H. C. Barlebo; B. Madsen
Selection of the Optimal Removable Partial Denture Clasp Arm Design Using Finite Element Analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Achieving removable partial denture clasp arm designs producing less stress is very important for clinical use. The aim of the study was to achieve three-dimensional models in order to optimize cast clasp arm designs. The teeth surfaces obtained after scanning were used as a support for experimental clasp modeling. Three-dimensional models of the clasp arms were used for stress and displacement analyses, to identify areas of minimal strengths.
Liliana, Sandu; Florin, Topala; Sorin, Porojan
In video encoding, block motion estimation represents a CPU-intensive task. For this reason, many fast algorithms have been developed to improve searching and matching phases. A milestone within the lossless approach is partial distortion elimination (PDE\\/SpiralPDE) in which distortion is the difference between the block to be coded and the candidate prediction block. In this paper, (i) we analyze distortion
Bartolomeo Montrucchio; Davide Quaglia
Reliability reallocation models as a support tools in traffic safety analysis.
One of the essential questions placed before a road authority is where to act first, i.e. which road sections should be treated in order to achieve the desired level of reliability of a particular road, while this is at the same time the subject of this research. The paper shows how the reliability reallocation theory can be applied in safety analysis of a road consisting of sections. The model has been successfully tested using two apportionment techniques - ARINC and the minimum effort algorithm. The given methods were applied in the traffic safety analysis as a basic step, for the purpose of achieving a higher level of reliability. The previous methods used for selecting hazardous locations do not provide precise values for the required frequency of accidents, i.e. the time period between the occurrences of two accidents. In other words, they do not allow for the establishment of a connection between a precise demand for increased reliability (expressed as a percentage) and the selection of particular road sections for further analysis. The paper shows that reallocation models can also be applied in road safety analysis, or more precisely, as part of the measures for increasing their level of safety. A tool has been developed for selecting road sections for treatment on the basis of a precisely defined increase in the level of reliability of a particular road, i.e. the mean time between the occurrences of two accidents. PMID:24434655
Ba?kali?, Svetlana; Jovanovi?, Dragan; Ba?kali?, Todor
Safety analysis of the Los Alamos critical experiments facility: burst operation of Skua
Detailed consideration of the Skua burst assembly is provided, thereby supplementing the facility Safety Analysis Report covering the operation of other critical assemblies at the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory. As with these assemblies the small fission-product inventory, ambient pressure, and moderate temperatures in Skua are amenable to straightforward measures to ensure the protection of the public.
Orndoff, J.D.; Paxton, H.C.; Wimett, T.F.
SAFETY ANALYSIS ON RAIL HIGHWAY AT-GRADE CROSSING IN ALABAMA Jing Li, Post-doc Researcher Gaurav-lane divided highways, urban/suburban arterials, highway bridges, and rail highway at-grade crossings, based Alabama Total Highway-Rail Incidents 1980 2012 82% reduction 70% reduction What can make RHGCs safer
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, University of
Sentence completeness analysis for improving team communications of safety-critical system operators
Good communication is an important constituent in the successful management of emergency situations in safety-critical systems such as large-scale chemical plants and nuclear power plants. To analyze the quality of communications among the main control room operators during the management of emergency situations, we developed the sentence completeness analysis method. The completeness of a sentence is defined by the completeness
Man Cheol Kim; Wondea Jung
Evolving car designs using model-based automated safety analysis and optimisation techniques
-effective and flexible design solutions and for reduc- ing production costs further. Note that cost reduction has becomeEvolving car designs using model-based automated safety analysis and optimisation techniques Yiannis Papadopoulos a,*, Christian Grante b a Department of Computer Science, University of Hull, Hull HU
Papadopoulos, Yiannis
Probabilistic Safety and Optimal Control for Survival Analysis of Bacillus subtilis$
Probabilistic Safety and Optimal Control for Survival Analysis of Bacillus subtilis$ Alessandro Bacillus subtilis, which is one among a set of pos- sible responses to environmental stress) Preprint submitted to Systems & Control Letters December 19, 2009 #12;1. Introduction Bacillus subtilis has
Abate, Alessandro
Preliminary Accident Analysis for Construction and Operation of the Chornobyl New Safety Confinement
Analysis of potential exposure of personal and population during construction and exploitation of the New Safe Confinement was made. Scenarios of hazard event development were ranked. It is shown, that as a whole construction and exploitation of the NSC are in accordance with actual radiation safety norms of Ukraine.
Batiy, Valeriy; Rubezhansky, Yruiy; Rudko, Vladimir; shcherbin, vladimir; Yegorov, V; Schmieman, Eric A.; Timmins, Douglas C.
NASA/TM-2009-215768 A Mathematical Basis for the Safety Analysis of
June 2009 NASA/TM-2009-215768 A Mathematical Basis for the Safety Analysis of Conflict Prevention, Virginia Gilles Dowek Ecole Polytechnique, France #12;NASA STI Program . . . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA scientific
Maddalon, Jeffrey M.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Human Behavior Safety in Metal Underground Mines
From the fact that human behavior is determined by both miners' intrinsic characteristics and external environment, the factors that may affect human behavior safety in metal underground mining are analyzed. Based on the analysis, countermeasures such as choose eligible miners and optimize environment are proposed, consequently to minimize the adverse effect and maximize the efficiency of miners matching the requirements
Zhenhua Lv; Nailian Hu; Guoqing Li
Safety Analysis of Requirements for a Product Family Robyn R. Lutz \\Lambda
Safety Analysis of Requirements for a Product Family Robyn R. Lutz \\Lambda Iowa State University and Jet Propulsion Laboratory email@example.com Guy G. Helmer & Michelle M. Moseman Iowa State re quirements for a family of flight instrumentation dis plays of commercial aircraft. First
Lutz, Robyn R.
NASA/TM-2007-214856 Safety and Performance Analysis of the
March 2007 NASA/TM-2007-214856 Safety and Performance Analysis of the Non-Radar Oceanic National Institute of Aerospace, Hampton, Virginia #12;The NASA STI Program Office . . . in Profile Since its founding, NASA has been dedicated to the advancement of aeronautics and space science. The NASA
Muñoz, César A.
Dynamic fault tree analysis using Monte Carlo simulation in probabilistic safety assessment
Traditional fault tree (FT) analysis is widely used for reliability and safety assessment of complex and critical engineering systems. The behavior of components of complex systems and their interactions such as sequence- and functional-dependent failures, spares and dynamic redundancy management, and priority of failure events cannot be adequately captured by traditional FTs. Dynamic fault tree (DFT) extend traditional FT by
K. Durga Rao; V. Gopika; V. V. S. Sanyasi Rao; H. S. Kushwaha; A. K. Verma; A. Srividya
Spent nuclear fuel project - criteria document spent nuclear fuel final safety analysis report
The criteria document provides the criteria and planning guidance for developing the Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) Final Safety Analysis Report (FSAR). This FSAR will support the US Department of Energy, Richland Operations Office decision to authorize the procurement, installation, installation acceptance testing, startup, and operation of the SNF Project facilities (K Basins, Cold Vacuum Drying Facility, and Canister Storage Building).
Stress analysis of portable safety platform (Core Sampler Truck)
This document provides the stress analysis and evaluation of the portable platform of the rotary mode core sampler truck No. 2 (RMCST {number_sign}2). The platform comprises railing, posts, deck, legs, and a portable ladder; it is restrained from lateral motion by means of two brackets added to the drill-head service platform.
Ziada, H.H.
The purpose of this analysis is to systematically identify and evaluate fire hazards related to the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP) Enhanced Characterization of the Repository Block (ECRB) East-West Cross Drift (commonly referred to as the ECRB Cross-Drift). This analysis builds upon prior Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) System Safety Analyses and incorporates Topopah Springs (TS) Main Drift fire scenarios and ECRB Cross-Drift fire scenarios. Accident scenarios involving the fires in the Main Drift and the ECRB Cross-Drift were previously evaluated in ''Topopah Springs Main Drift System Safety Analysis'' (CRWMS M&O 1995) and the ''Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project East-West Drift System Safety Analysis'' (CRWMS M&O 1998). In addition to listing required mitigation/control features, this analysis identifies the potential need for procedures and training as part of defense-in-depth mitigation/control features. The inclusion of this information in the System Safety Analysis (SSA) is intended to assist the organization(s) (e.g., Construction, Environmental Safety and Health, Design) responsible for these aspects of the ECRB Cross-Drift in developing mitigation/control features for fire events, including Emergency Refuge Station(s). This SSA was prepared, in part, in response to Condition/Issue Identification and Reporting/Resolution System (CIRS) item 1966. The SSA is an integral part of the systems engineering process, whereby safety is considered during planning, design, testing, and construction. A largely qualitative approach is used which incorporates operating experiences and recommendations from vendors, the constructor and the operating contractor. The risk assessment in this analysis characterizes the scenarios associated with fires in terms of relative risk and includes recommendations for mitigating all identified hazards. The priority for recommending and implementing mitigation control features is: (1) Incorporate measures to reduce risks and hazards into Structure, System, or Component (SSC) designs; (2) Add safety features and capabilities to existing designs; and (3) Develop procedures and conduct training to increase worker awareness of potential hazards, reduce exposure to hazards, and inform personnel of the actions required to avoid accidents or correct hazardous conditions.
R. J. Garrett
A Framework for Qualitative and Quantitative Formal Model-Based Safety Analysis
In model-based safety analysis both qualitative aspects i.e. what must go wrong for a system failure) and quantitative aspects (i.e. how probable is a system failure) are very important. For both aspects methods and tools are available. However, until now for each aspect new and independent models must be built for analysis. This paper proposes the SAML framework as a
M. Gudemann; F. Ortmeier
A partial wave analysis (PWA) of the $\\pi^- \\pi^- \\pi^+$ and $\\pi^- \\pi^0 \\pi^0$ systems produced in the reaction $\\pi^- p \\to (3\\pi)^-p$ at 18 GeV/$c$ was carried out using an \\emph{isobar} model assumption. This analysis is based on 3.0M $\\pi^- \\pi^0 \\pi^0$ events and 2.6M $\\pi^- \\pi^-\\pi^+$ events and shows production of the $a_1(1260)$, $a_2(1320)$, $\\pi_2(1670)$ and $a_4(2040)$ resonances. Results of detailed studies of the stability of partial wave fits are presented. An earlier analysis of 250K $\\pi^- \\pi^- \\pi^+$ events from the same experiment showed possible evidence for a $J^{PC}=1^{-+}$ exotic meson with a mass of $\\sim$1.6 GeV/$c^2$ decaying into $\\rho \\pi$. In this analysis of a higher statistics sample of the $(3\\pi)^-$ system in two charged modes we find no evidence of an exotic meson.
A. R. Dzierba; R. Mitchell; E. Scott; P. Smith; M. Swat; S. Teige; A. Szczepaniak; S. P. Denisov; V. Dorofeev; I. Kachaev; V. Lipaev; A. Popov; D. I. Ryabchikov; V. Bodyagin; A. Demianov
Preparation of Phased and Merged Safety Analysis Reports for New DOE Nuclear Facilities
The Spent Nuclear Fuels Project (SNFP) is charged with moving to storage 2,100 metric tons of spent nuclear fuel elements left over from plutonium production at DOE'S Hanford site in Washington state. Two new facilities, the Cold Vacuum Drying Facility (CVDF) and the Canister Storage Building (CSB) are in final construction. In order to meet aggressive schedule commitments, the SNFP chose to prepare the safety analysis reports (SAR's) in phases that covered only specific portions of each facility's design as it was built. Each SAR also merged the preliminary and final safety analysis reports into a single SAR, thereby covering all aspects of design, construction, and operation for that portion (phase) of the facility. A policy of ''NRC equivalency'' was also implemented in parallel with this effort, with the goal of achieving a rigor of safety analysis equivalent to that of NRC-licensed fuel processing facilities. DOE Order 5480.23. ''Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports'' allows preparation of both a phased and a merged SAR to accelerate construction schedules. However, project managers must be aware that such acceleration is not guaranteed. Managers considering this approach for their project should be cognizant of numerous obstacles that will be encountered. Merging and phasing SAR's will create new, unique, and unanticipated difficulties which may actually slow construction unless expeditiously and correctly managed. Pitfalls to be avoided and good practices to be implemented in preparing phased and merged SAR's are presented. The value of applying NRC requirements to the DOE safety analysis process is also discussed. As of December, 1999, the SNFP has completed and approved a SAR for the CVDF. Approval of the SAR for the CSB is pending.
Ferrocyanide Safety Program: Thermal analysis of Tank 241-BY-106
An analysis was conducted of tank 241-BY-106 to determine the conditions required for an uneven distribution of heat generation (e.g., a hotspot) that would produce temperatures of concern (considered to be 220{degree}C [418{degree}F]). Two types of hotspots were investigated. One was 1 meter square, 7.62 cm (3 in.) thick, that was placed on the bottom of the tank two-thirds of the radial distance from the center to the edge of the tank. The other was a 1 meter cube placed in the same location. It was found that the concentrations of heat-producing material required to reach a maximum temperature of 220{degree}C (418{degree}F) were greater than 160 times that of the material surrounding the hotspot. A transient case was also studied, where a hotspot was formed over 5 years. The 1 meter cube hotspot was used. It was determined that the maximum temperature reached was less than the steady-state analysis under the same conditions. The maximum temperature was reached in 5.5 years. The change in the surface temperature was slow enough that the hotspot could not be detected in less than 3 years. The steady-state analysis showed that a large pattern of thermocouple trees would be required to detect a hotspot by this means. The steady-state analysis showed that a hotspot with temperatures that approached 220{degree}C (418{degree}F) could probably be detected by surface temperature measurements.
McLaren, J.M.
Advances in coupled safety modeling using systems analysis and high-fidelity methods.
The potential for a sodium-cooled fast reactor to survive severe accident initiators with no damage has been demonstrated through whole-plant testing in EBR-II and FFTF. Analysis of the observed natural protective mechanisms suggests that they would be characteristic of a broad range of sodium-cooled fast reactors utilizing metal fuel. However, in order to demonstrate the degree to which new, advanced sodium-cooled fast reactor designs will possess these desired safety features, accurate, high-fidelity, whole-plant dynamics safety simulations will be required. One of the objectives of the advanced safety-modeling component of the Reactor IPSC is to develop a science-based advanced safety simulation capability by utilizing existing safety simulation tools coupled with emerging high-fidelity modeling capabilities in a multi-resolution approach. As part of this integration, an existing whole-plant systems analysis code has been coupled with a high-fidelity computational fluid dynamics code to assess the impact of high-fidelity simulations on safety-related performance. With the coupled capabilities, it is possible to identify critical safety-related phenomenon in advanced reactor designs that cannot be resolved with existing tools. In this report, the impact of coupling is demonstrated by evaluating the conditions of outlet plenum thermal stratification during a protected loss of flow transient. Outlet plenum stratification was anticipated to alter core temperatures and flows predicted during natural circulation conditions. This effect was observed during the simulations. What was not anticipated, however, is the far-reaching impact that resolving thermal stratification has on the whole plant. The high temperatures predicted at the IHX inlet due to thermal stratification in the outlet plenum forces heat into the intermediate system to the point that it eventually becomes a source of heat for the primary system. The results also suggest that flow stagnation in the intermediate system is possible, raising questions about the effectiveness of the intermediate decay heat removal systems in the design that was evaluated. Existing tools do not predict flow stagnation. This work has demonstrated that with a proper coupling approach, a high-fidelity CFD tool can be used to resolve the important flow and temperature distributions throughout a plant while still maintaining the whole-plant safety analysis capabilities of a systems analysis code.
Fanning, T. H.; Thomas, J. W.; Nuclear Engineering Division
Experimental analysis of the levees safety based on geophysical monitoring
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Several flood events brought river levees into the focus of attention for some disasters due to their collapse. This phenomena is quite complex to investigate, because of different factors that can affect the stability of levees, among them the non uniformity of material properties, which influencing the permeability of the embankment, might induce high percolation velocity of flux thus triggering the unstability. Thus, to apply a fast and integrate investigation methods with a non-destructive characteristics should have a large interest, if they are able to furnish ready and usable information necessary to hydrogeological models. In order to achieve this goal, the University of Perugia (Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering) and the National Research Council (IRPI and IMAA research institutes) developed a collaborating project on the study of the internal structure of the river embankment by carrying out experiments in laboratory. The purpose of this study is to show the preliminary results of the experimental investigation. The laboratory embankment was built using material coming from a real levee and gathered inside a 1.5m x 1.2m plexiglas box. The box has two compartments: a water reservoir at one hand where a constant water head was reached after some time and a soil simulating the presence of levee. We perform a geoelectrical multichannel acquisition system with three parallel profiles characterized by 16 mini-electrodes connected to georesistivimeter Syscal Pro. An automatic acquisition protocol has been performed to obtain time slice electrical tomographies during the experiments. The geophysical results show the effect of the water table inside the embankment during the wetting and emptying. In order to assess the capability of the geophysical monitoring for addressing the soil parameters estimate, the resistivity results are investigated by using two analytical and one hydraulic numerical models. The analytical models represent a linear solution of Laplace's equation where Dupuit hypothesis holds (the vertical gradients of the flow velocity in the medium are neglected). In particular, the Marchi and Supino solutions are investigated here by assuming the upstream water level variations in the river negligible with respect to the ones inside the groundwater under the steady state condition. Two different seepage fronts are calculated and compared with the ones inferred from the resistivity maps. The experimental data have been also compared with the results computed by a numerical code. The governing equation for the unsaturated-saturated medium is the continuity equation written in terms of the piezometric head unknown while the Brooks-Corey law relates the water content and the relative hydraulic conductivity to the piezometric head. The numerical model is a time splitting technique and the solution is obtained by solving consecutively a convective and a diffusive component. The medium has been discretized in space using a generally unstructured triangular mesh. The governing equations are discretized using the edge centred mixed hybrid finite element scheme. The computational domain is schematized as 1D network of cells located at the middle point of each edge and linked by fictitious channels and the storage capacity is concentrated in the cells. A linear variation of unknown is assumed inside each triangle. The positive outcomes of hydraulic model application have certainly had benefit from the information coming from the geophysical monitoring. Based on these preliminary results it was noticeable as the geophysical monitoring can be conveniently adopted for addressing the levee safety control and to provide information on soil parameters.
Rizzo, Enzo; Valeria, Giampaolo; Mario, Votta; Lapenna, Vincenzo; Moramarco, Tommaso; Aric�, Costanza; Camici, S.; Morbidelli, Renato; Sinagra, M.; Tucciarelli, T.
Radiation safety analysis of the ISS bone densitometer
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A Bone Densitometer (BD) has been developed for installation on the International Space Station (ISS) with delivery by the Space-X Dragon spacecraft planned for mid 2014. After initial tests on orbit the BD will be used in longitudinal measurements of bone mineral density in experimental mice as a means of evaluating countermeasures to bone loss. The BD determines bone mineral density (and other radiographic parameters) by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). In a single mouse DEXA �scan� its 80 kV x-ray tube is operated for 15 seconds at 35 kV and 3 seconds at 80 kV in four repetitions, giving the subject a total dose of 2.5 mSv. The BD is a modification of a commercial mouse DEXA product known as PIXImus(TM). Before qualifying the BD for utilization on ISS it was necessary to evaluate its radiation safety features and any level of risk to ISS crew members. The BD design reorients the PIXImus so that it fits in an EXPRESS locker on ISS with the x-ray beam directed into the crew aisle. ISS regulation SSP 51700 considers the production of ionizing radiation to be a catastrophic-level hazard. Accidental exposure is prevented by three independent levels of on-off control as required for a catastrophic hazard. The ALARA (As Low as Reasonably Achievable) principle was applied to the BD hazard just as would be done on the ground, so deliberate exposure is limited by lead shielding according to ALARA. Hot spots around the BD were identified by environmental dosimetry using a Ludlum 9DP pressurized ionization chamber survey meter. Various thicknesses of lead were applied to the BD housing in areas where highest dose-per-scan readings were made. It was concluded that 0.4 mm of lead shielding at strategic locations, adding only a few kg of mass to the payload, would accomplish ALARA. With shielding in place the BD now exposes a crew member floating 40 cm away to less than 0.08 microSv per mouse scan. There is an upper limit of 20 scans per day, or 1.6 microSv per day, which may occur a few times per year. This dose may be compared with the 400 microSv per day received by crew members in low earth orbit. The designed shielding level also protects adjacent payloads by maintaining less than 2 mrad/day at 5 cm - a requirement for the protection of electronic instrumentation. It is concluded that the ISS Bone Densitometer minimizes ionizing radiation risks associated with its operation. Research supported by NASA Contract NNJ13GA01C and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS).
Todd, Paul; Vellinger, John C.; Barton, Kenneth; Faget, Paul
Final safety analysis report for the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA), Phase 2
This document is the second volume of a 3 volume safety analysis report on the Ground Test Accelerator (GTA). The GTA program at the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) is the major element of the national Neutral Particle Beam (NPB) program, which is supported by the Strategic Defense Initiative Office (SDIO). A principal goal of the national NPB program is to assess the feasibility of using hydrogen and deuterium neutral particle beams outside the Earth`s atmosphere. The main effort of the NPB program at Los Alamos concentrates on developing the GTA. The GTA is classified as a low-hazard facility, except for the cryogenic-cooling system, which is classified as a moderate-hazard facility. This volume consists of failure modes and effects analysis; accident analysis; operational safety requirements; quality assurance program; ES&H management program; environmental, safety, and health systems critical to safety; summary of waste-management program; environmental monitoring program; facility expansion, decontamination, and decommissioning; summary of emergency response plan; summary plan for employee training; summary plan for operating procedures; glossary; and appendices A and B.
In this paper a length-conserving numerical scheme for a nonlinear fourth order system of partial differential algebraic equations arising in technical textile industry is studied. Applying a semidiscretization in time, the resulting sequence of nonlinear elliptic systems with algebraic constraint is reformulated as constrained optimization problems in a Hilbert space setting that admit a solution at each time level. Stability and convergence of the scheme are proved. The numerical realization is performed by projected gradient methods on finite element spaces which determine the computational effort and approximation quality of the algorithm. Simulation results are presented and discussed in view of the application of an elastic inextensible fiber motion.
Grothaus, Martin
Study on the soldering in partial melting state (1) analysis of surface tension and wettability
This paper introduces the partial melting process for solder application and characterization of its feasibility using Pb-Sn,\\u000a Ag-Sn, Sn-Cu, Sn-In and Sn-Bi alloys. In order to show that the liquid phase in the semi-liquid state maintains the similar\\u000a wettability as the single-phase liquid, the wetting balance tests are conducted with varying temperatures and compositions.\\u000a The results are then compared with
Jae Yong Park; Jun Seok Ha; Choon Sik Kang; Kyu Sik Shin; Moon Il Kim; Jae Pil Jung
Partial sequence analysis of 130 randomly selected maize cDNA clones.
As part of a project to identify novel maize (Zea mays L. cv B73) genes functionally, we have partially sequenced 130 randomly selected clones from a maize leaf cDNA library. Data base comparisons revealed seven previously sequenced maize cDNAs and 18 cDNAs with sequence similarity to related maize genes or to genes from other organisms. One hundred five cDNAs show little or no similarity to previously sequenced genes. Our results also establish the suitability of this library for large-scale sequencing in terms of its large insert size, proper insert orientation, and low duplication rate. PMID:8278499
Keith, C S; Hoang, D O; Barrett, B M; Feigelman, B; Nelson, M C; Thai, H; Baysdorfer, C
Road safety management by objectives: a critical analysis of the Norwegian approach.
The Norwegian Public Roads Administration has developed a comprehensive system of road safety management by objectives. A broad set of objectives regarding road user behaviour, vehicle safety standards and the safety of roads has been formulated as part of the National Transport Plan for the term 2010--2019. These objectives have been derived from an overall objective of reducing the number of killed or seriously injured road users by 50% before the year 2020. This paper describes the system and provides a critical analysis of it. Factors that influence the effectiveness of management by objectives are identified. It is concluded that while the system of management by objectives developed in Norway has a number of attractive characteristics it also has a number of weak points that may limit its effectiveness. It is therefore by no means certain that the objective of reducing fatalities and serious injuries by 50% will be realised. PMID:18460380
Elvik, Rune
The Safety Analysis Report documents the safety authorization basis for the Receiving Basin for Offsite Fuels (RBOF) and the Resin Regeneration Facility (RRF) at the Savannah River Site (SRS). The present mission of the RBOF and RRF is to continue in providing a facility for the safe receipt, storage, handling, and shipping of spent nuclear fuel assemblies from power and research reactors in the United States, fuel from SRS and other Department of Energy (DOE) reactors, and foreign research reactors fuel, in support of the nonproliferation policy. The RBOF and RRF provide the capability to handle, separate, and transfer wastes generated from nuclear fuel element storage. The DOE and Westinghouse Savannah River Company, the prime operating contractor, are committed to managing these activities in such a manner that the health and safety of the offsite general public, the site worker, the facility worker, and the environment are protected.
Shedrow, C.B.
Waste Tank Organic Safety Project: Analysis of liquid samples from Hanford waste tank 241-C-103
A suite of physical and chemical analyses has been performed in support of activities directed toward the resolution of an Unreviewed Safety Question concerning the potential for a floating organic layer in Hanford waste tank 241-C-103 to sustain a pool fire. The analysis program was the result of a Data Quality Objectives exercise conducted jointly with staff from Westinghouse Hanford Company and Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL). The organic layer has been analyzed for flash point, organic composition including volatile organics, inorganic anions and cations, radionuclides, and other physical and chemical parameters needed for a safety assessment leading to the resolution of the Unreviewed Safety Question. The aqueous layer underlying the floating organic material was also analyzed for inorganic, organic, and radionuclide composition, as well as other physical and chemical properties. This work was conducted to PNL Quality Assurance impact level III standards (Good Laboratory Practices).
Pool, K.H.; Bean, R.M.
Costs and benefits of automotive fuel economy improvement: A partial analysis
This paper is an exercise in estimating the costs and benefits of technology-based fuel economy improvements for automobiles and light trucks. Benefits quantified include vehicle cots, fuel savings, consumer`s surplus effects, the effect of reduced weight on vehicle safety, impacts on emissions of CO{sub 2} and criteria pollutants, world oil market and energy security benefits, and the transfer of wealth from US consumes to oil producers. A vehicle stock model is used to capture sales, scrappage, and vehicle use effects under three fuel price scenarios. Three alternative fuel economy levels for 2001 are considered, ranging from 32.9 to 36.5 MPG for cars and 24.2 to 27.5 MPG for light trucks. Fuel economy improvements of this size are probably cost-effective. The size of the benefit, and whether there is a benefit, strongly depends on the financial costs of fuel economy improvement and judgments about the values of energy security, emissions, safety, etc. Three sets of values for eight parameters are used to define the sensitivity of costs and benefits to key assumptions. The net present social value (1989$) of costs and benefits ranges from a cost of $11 billion to a benefit of $286 billion. The critical parameters being the discount rate (10% vs. 3%) and the values attached to externalities. The two largest components are always the direct vehicle costs and fuel savings, but these tend to counterbalance each other for the fuel economy levels examined here. Other components are the wealth transfer, oil cost savings, CO{sub 2} emissions reductions, and energy security benefits. Safety impacts, emissions of criteria pollutants, and consumer`s surplus effects are relatively minor components. The critical issues for automotive fuel economy are therefore: (1) the value of present versus future costs and benefits, (2) the values of external costs and benefits, and (3) the financially cost-effective level of MPG achievable by available technology. 53 refs.
Greene, D.L. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States); Duleep, K.G. [Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA (United States)
Costs and benefits of automotive fuel economy improvement: A partial analysis
This paper is an exercise in estimating the costs and benefits of technology-based fuel economy improvements for automobiles and light trucks. Benefits quantified include vehicle cots, fuel savings, consumer's surplus effects, the effect of reduced weight on vehicle safety, impacts on emissions of CO{sub 2} and criteria pollutants, world oil market and energy security benefits, and the transfer of wealth from US consumes to oil producers. A vehicle stock model is used to capture sales, scrappage, and vehicle use effects under three fuel price scenarios. Three alternative fuel economy levels for 2001 are considered, ranging from 32.9 to 36.5 MPG for cars and 24.2 to 27.5 MPG for light trucks. Fuel economy improvements of this size are probably cost-effective. The size of the benefit, and whether there is a benefit, strongly depends on the financial costs of fuel economy improvement and judgments about the values of energy security, emissions, safety, etc. Three sets of values for eight parameters are used to define the sensitivity of costs and benefits to key assumptions. The net present social value (1989$) of costs and benefits ranges from a cost of $11 billion to a benefit of $286 billion. The critical parameters being the discount rate (10% vs. 3%) and the values attached to externalities. The two largest components are always the direct vehicle costs and fuel savings, but these tend to counterbalance each other for the fuel economy levels examined here. Other components are the wealth transfer, oil cost savings, CO{sub 2} emissions reductions, and energy security benefits. Safety impacts, emissions of criteria pollutants, and consumer's surplus effects are relatively minor components. The critical issues for automotive fuel economy are therefore: (1) the value of present versus future costs and benefits, (2) the values of external costs and benefits, and (3) the financially cost-effective level of MPG achievable by available technology. 53 refs.
Greene, D.L. (Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)); Duleep, K.G. (Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc., Arlington, VA (United States))
This article describes how features of event tree analysis and Monte Carlo-based discrete event simulation can be combined with concepts from object-oriented analysis to develop a new risk assessment methodology, with some of the best features of each. The resultant object-based event scenario tree (OBEST) methodology enables an analyst to rapidly construct realistic models for scenarios for which an a priori discovery of event ordering is either cumbersome or impossible. Each scenario produced by OBEST is automatically associated with a likelihood estimate because probabilistic branching is integral to the object model definition. The OBEST methodology is then applied to an aviation safety problem that considers mechanisms by which an aircraft might become involved in a runway incursion incident. The resulting OBEST model demonstrates how a close link between human reliability analysis and probabilistic risk assessment methods can provide important insights into aviation safety phenomenology.
Dandini, Vincent John; Duran, Felicia Angelica; Wyss, Gregory Dane
Forensic analysis of wooden safety matches -- a case study.
In this case, an individual was suspected of attempting to burn materials potentially relating to a murder case. A number of spent and unspent matches were seized at the scene by police for forensic examination. Coincidentally, a police raid at the suspect's house revealed a number of matchboxes, all of the same brand, containing matches that had a visual similarity to those recovered at the scene. Stable Isotope Profiling (SIP) was used to assess whether matches could either be distinguished or shown to be indistinguishable by 13C and 2H isotopic composition. These results were then compared to those from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of match heads and microscopy of the wood. SIP showed the scene matches and seized matches to be different, which was confirmed by XRD and microscopy analyses. PMID:17941328
Farmer, N L; Ruffell, A; Meier-Augenstein, W; Meneely, J; Kalin, R M
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Meson spectroscopy is going through a revival with the advent of high statistics experiments and new advances in the theoretical predictions. The Constituent Quark Model (CQM) is finally being expanded considering more basic principles of field theory and using discrete calculations of Quantum Chromodynamics (lattice QCD). These new calculations are approaching predictive power for the spectrum of hadronic resonances and decay modes. It will be the task of the new experiments to extract the meson spectrum from the data and compare with those predictions. The goal of this report is to describe one particular technique for extracting resonance information from multiparticle final states. The technique described here, partial wave analysis based on the helicity formalism, has been used at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) using pion beams, and Jefferson Laboratory (JLab) using photon beams. In particular this report broadens this technique to include production experiments using linearly polarized real photons or quasi-real photons. This article is of a didactical nature. We describe the process of analysis, detailing assumptions and formalisms, and is directed towards people interested in starting partial wave analysis.
Salgado, Carlos W.; Weygand, Dennis P.
Diclofenac topical solution compared with oral diclofenac: a pooled safety analysis
Background Topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) formulations, which produce less systemic exposure compared with oral formulations, are an option for the management of osteoarthritis (OA). However, the overall safety and efficacy of these agents compared with oral or systemic therapy remains controversial. Methods Two 12-week, double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, controlled, multicenter studies compared the safety and efficacy profiles of diclofenac topical solution (TDiclo) with oral diclofenac (ODiclo). Each study independently showed that TDiclo had similar efficacy to ODiclo. To compare the safety profiles of TDiclo and ODiclo, a pooled safety analysis was performed for 927 total patients who had radiologically confirmed symptomatic OA of the knee. This pooled analysis included patients treated with TDiclo, containing 45.5% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and those treated with ODiclo. Safety assessments included monitoring of adverse events (AEs), recording of vital signs, dermatologic evaluation of the study knee, and clinical laboratory evaluation. Results AEs occurred in 312 (67.1%) patients using TDiclo versus 298 (64.5%) of those taking ODiclo. The most common AE with TDiclo was dry skin at the application site (24.1% vs 1.9% with ODiclo; P < 0.0001). Fewer gastrointestinal (25.4% vs 39.0%; P < 0.0001) and cardiovascular (1.5% vs 3.5%; P = 0.055) AEs occurred with TDiclo compared with ODiclo. ODiclo was associated with significantly greater increases in liver enzymes and creatinine, and greater decreases in creatinine clearance and hemoglobin (P < 0.001 for all). Conclusions These findings suggest that TDiclo represents a useful alternative to oral NSAID therapy in the management of OA, with a more favorable safety profile. PMID:21811391
Roth, Sanford H; Fuller, Philip
Lycium barbarum L. fruits (Chinese wolfberries) were differentiated for their cultivation locations and the cultivars by ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and flow injection mass spectrometric (FIMS) fingerprinting techniques combined with chemometrics analyses. The partial least-squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was applied to the data projection and supervised learning with validation. The samples formed clusters in the projected data. The prediction accuracies by PLS-DA with bootstrapped Latin partition validation were greater than 90% for all models. The chemical profiles of Chinese wolfberries were also obtained. The differentiation techniques might be utilized for Chinese wolfberry authentication. PMID:25152955
Lu, Weiying; Jiang, Qianqian; Shi, Haiming; Niu, Yuge; Gao, Boyan; Yu, Liangli Lucy
The objective of the Silos Project at the Fernald Closure Project (FCP) is to safely remediate high-grade uranium ore residues (Silos 1 and 2) and metal oxide residues (Silo 3). The evolution of Documented Safety Analyses (DSAs) for these facilities has reflected the changes in remediation processes. The final stage in silos DSAs is an interpretation of 10 CFR 830 Safe Harbor Requirements that combines a Health and Safety Plan with nuclear safety requirements. This paper will address the development of a Nuclear Health and Safety Plan, or N-HASP.
Fisk, Patricia; Rutherford, Lavon
This two-volume report presents the results of initial research on the feasibility of applying organizational factors in nuclear power plant (NPP) safety assessment. Volume 1 of this report contains an overview of the literature, a discussion of available safety indicators, and a series of recommendations for more systematically incorporating organizational analysis into investigations of nuclear power plant safety. The six chapters of this volume discuss the major elements in our general approach to safety in the nuclear industry. The chapters include information on organizational design and safety; organizational governance; utility environment and safety related outcomes; assessments by selected federal agencies; review of data sources in the nuclear power industry; and existing safety indicators.
Osborn, R.N.; Olson, J.; Sommers, P.E.; McLaughlin, S.D.; Jackson, M.S.; Nadel, M.V.; Scott, W.G.; Connor, P.E.; Kerwin, N.; Kennedy, J.K. Jr.
Design and Transient Analysis of Passive Safety Cooling Systems for Advanced Nuclear Reactors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The Pebble Bed Advanced High Temperature Reactor (PB-AHTR) is a pebble fueled, liquid salt cooled, high temperature nuclear reactor design that can be used for electricity generation or other applications requiring the availability of heat at elevated temperatures. A stage in the design evolution of this plant requires the analysis of the plant during a variety of potential transients to understand the primary and safety cooling system response. This study focuses on the performance of the passive safety cooling system with a dual purpose, to assess the capacity to maintain the core at safe temperatures and to assist the design process of this system to achieve this objective. The analysis requires the use of complex computational tools for simulation and verification using analytical solutions and comparisons with experimental data. This investigation builds upon previous detailed design work for the PB-AHTR components, including the core, reactivity control mechanisms and the intermediate heat exchanger, developed in 2008. In addition the study of this reference plant design employs a wealth of auxiliary information including thermal-hydraulic physical phenomena correlations for multiple geometries and thermophysical properties for the constituents of the plant. Finally, the set of performance requirements and limitations imposed from physical constrains and safety considerations provide with a criteria and metrics for acceptability of the design. The passive safety cooling system concept is turned into a detailed design as a result from this study. A methodology for the design of air-cooled passive safety systems was developed and a transient analysis of the plant, evaluating a scrammed loss of forced cooling event was performed. Furthermore, a design optimization study of the passive safety system and an approach for the validation and verification of the analysis is presented. This study demonstrates that the resulting point design responds properly to the transient event and maintains the core and reactor components at acceptable temperatures within allowable safety margins. It is also demonstrated that the transition from steady full-power, forced-cooling mode to steady decay-heat, natural-circulation mode is stable, predictable and well characterized.
Galvez, Cristhian
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The dynamics of lithospheric partially molten regions undergoing deformation at convergent and divergent tectonic boundaries is an outstanding problem involving different processes and the crossing of many spatial scales. At the same time, it governs the origins of explosive volcanism at volcanic arcs, modulates orogenesis by controlling plutonism and the dynamics of lithospheric shear zones, and possibly plays a role in the focusing of magmatism at mid ocean ridges. In the last two decades or so, field studies of exposed once partially molten regions, such as lower crustal migmatitic domains, reveal in many cases that they organized into vein and channel networks in connection with lithospheric shear zones that eventually fed plutons at shallower crustal levels. Essentially, upon melting, melt in the pores of a partially molten region undergoing tectonic shearing segregates into small cm-scale veins that coalesce into meter-scale structures. In the case of protoliths such as metamorphic tectonites, melt segregates following the foliation and lineation accumulating in melt-rich layer or rods that effectively transport magma that feeds plutons at shallower levels. At the same time, some of these melt-impregnated structures localize deformation producing weakening and enhancing displacement along an intersecting shear zone. With the long-term aim of building a consistent and comprehensive hypothesis of how this tectono-magmatic coupling occurs in nature, we have started deriving multidimensional linear solutions of a two-phase mixture undergoing shear flow. Although the theory allows for any kind of multidimensional shear flow, we start with two-dimensional simple and pure shear cases to gain fundamental insights. We also introduce damage or the storage of surface energy as microcracks, defects etc. For simplicity, as a starting point, we assume a homogenous anisotropy of the initial mixture, with the intention of exploring anisotropy in future analyses. Thus as it is now, the theory is most relevant for protoliths that have not developed very penetrative fabrics. We discuss different types of solutions leading to strain localization, melt band formation or gravity controlled porosity waves within the shearing mixture. These different solutions are discussed in the context of continental and oceanic tectonic settings.
Diez, M.; Hogg, A. J.
This Safety Analysis Report for Packaging (SARP) documents the analysis and testing performed on and for the 9977 Shipping Package, referred to as the General Purpose Fissile Package (GPFP). The performance evaluation presented in this SARP documents the compliance of the 9977 package with the regulatory safety requirements for Type B packages. Per 10 CFR 71.59, for the 9977 packages evaluated in this SARP, the value of ''N'' is 50, and the Transport Index based on nuclear criticality control is 1.0. The 9977 package is designed with a high degree of single containment. The 9977 complies with 10 CFR 71 (2002), Department of Energy (DOE) Order 460.1B, DOE Order 460.2, and 10 CFR 20 (2003) for As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principles. The 9977 also satisfies the requirements of the Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Material--1996 Edition (Revised)--Requirements. IAEA Safety Standards, Safety Series No. TS-R-1 (ST-1, Rev.), International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria (2000). The 9977 package is designed, analyzed and fabricated in accordance with Section III of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel (B&PV) Code, 1992 edition.
Abramczyk, G; Paul Blanton, P; Kurt Eberl, K
Final safety analysis report for the Galileo Mission: Volume 1, Reference design document
The Galileo mission uses nuclear power sources called Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators (RTGs) to provide the spacecraft's primary electrical power. Because these generators contain nuclear material, a Safety Analysis Report (SAR) is required. A preliminary SAR and an updated SAR were previously issued that provided an evolving status report on the safety analysis. As a result of the Challenger accident, the launch dates for both Galileo and Ulysses missions were later rescheduled for November 1989 and October 1990, respectively. The decision was made by agreement between the DOE and the NASA to have a revised safety evaluation and report (FSAR) prepared on the basis of these revised vehicle accidents and environments. The results of this latest revised safety evaluation are presented in this document (Galileo FSAR). Volume I, this document, provides the background design information required to understand the analyses presented in Volumes II and III. It contains descriptions of the RTGs, the Galileo spacecraft, the Space Shuttle, the Inertial Upper Stage (IUS), the trajectory and flight characteristics including flight contingency modes, and the launch site. There are two appendices in Volume I which provide detailed material properties for the RTG.
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Calibration of a neutron log in partially saturated media. Part II. Error analysis
Four sources or error (uncertainty) are studied in water content obtained from neutron logs calibrated in partially saturated media for holes up to 3 m. For this calibration a special facility was built and an algorithm for a commercial epithermal neutron log was developed that obtains water content from count rate, bulk density, and gap between the neutron sonde and the borehole wall. The algorithm contained errors due to the calibration and lack of fit, while the field measurements included uncertainties in the count rate (caused by statistics and a short time constant), gap, and density. There can be inhomogeneity in the material surrounding the borehole. Under normal field conditions the hole-size-corrected water content obtained from such neutron logs can have an uncertainty as large as 15% of its value.
Hearst, J.R.; Kasameyer, P.W.; Dreiling, L.A.
Calculation of Scattering Amplitude Without Partial Analysis. II; Inclusion of Exchange
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
There was a method for calculating the whole scattering amplitude, f(Omega(sub k)), directly. The idea was to calculate the complete wave function Psi numerically, and use it in an integral expression for f, which can be reduced to a 2 dimensional quadrature. The original application was for e-H scattering without exchange. There the Schrodinger reduces a 2-d partial differential equation (pde), which was solved using the finite element method (FEM). Here we extend the method to the exchange approximation. The S.E. can be reduced to a pair of coupled pde's, which are again solved by the FEM. The formal expression for f(Omega(sub k)) consists two integrals, f+/- = f(sub d) +/- f(sub e); f(sub d) is formally the same integral as the no-exchange f. We have also succeeded in reducing f(sub e) to a 2-d integral. Results will be presented at the meeting.
Temkin, Aaron; Shertzer, J.; Fisher, Richard R. (Technical Monitor)
Does Quality-of-Life Policing Widen the Net? A Partial Analysis
In the 1990s, the New York City Police Department instituted a policy of arresting individuals for less serious offenses that impinge on the city�s quality of life (QOL). Critics contend that QOL policing widened the net for arrest, especially among minorities. Alternatively, QOL policing could have created additional opportunities for arresting individuals from the same populations that tend to incur arrests for more serious offenses. This article reports on a comparison of New York City QOL and serious arrestees interviewed in 1999 that provides partial support for this alternative hypothesis; the two groups were similar regarding prior arrests, participation in QOL offenses, and demographic composition. Of note, blacks and Hispanics comprised close to 90% of both arrest populations. These findings suggest that QOL policing does not necessarily widen the net for arrest.
Golub, Andrew; Johnson, Bruce D.; Taylor, Angela; Eterno, John
The Multivariate State Estimation Technique (MSET) has been developed at Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and applied for real time surveillance applications for the purposes of signal validation, sensor operability validation, equipment health monitoring, incipient component fault annunciation, and process anomaly identification. Although MSET was originally developed for applications in the commercial nuclear industry, it has recently been spun off for applications in fields such as aerospace, manufacturing, transportation, robotics, and ship propulsion. Notwithstanding these types of successful applications of MSET in industry, it is necessary for safety-critical and mission-critical applications of MSET to have reliability analysis methods, including a propagation-of-uncertainty tool, which is needed to support safety evaluations in a variety of industries, and technical-specification-change requests in the case of the nuclear industry. For these and related applications, a general purpose uncertainty analysis tool for MSET has been developed that uses Monte Carlo simulation with Latin Hypercube Sampling. For any new application of MSET, the uncertainty analysis tool developed here may be used to investigate quantitative propagation-of-uncertainty behavior for all sensors under surveillance. In addition to supporting safety analysis of surveillance systems that are based on MSET, the tool developed here can be employed in parametric studies to support system designers in evaluating the relative value of adding new sensors to an engineering system during early design stages or for equipment or facility upgrades.
Zavaljevski, N.; Gross, K. C.
Westinghouse Hanford Company (WHC) is the Integrating Contractor for the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) Project, and as such is responsible for preparation of the HWVP Preliminary Safety Analysis Report (PSAR). The HWVP PSAR was prepared pursuant to the requirements for safety analyses contained in US Department of Energy (DOE) Orders 4700.1, Project Management System (DOE 1987); 5480.5, Safety of Nuclear Facilities (DOE 1986a); 5481.lB, Safety Analysis and Review System (DOE 1986b) which was superseded by DOE order 5480-23, Nuclear Safety Analysis Reports, for nuclear facilities effective April 30, 1992 (DOE 1992); and 6430.lA, General Design Criteria (DOE 1989). The WHC procedures that, in large part, implement these DOE requirements are contained in WHC-CM-4-46, Nonreactor Facility Safety Analysis Manual. This manual describes the overall WHC safety analysis process in terms of requirements for safety analyses, responsibilities of the various contributing organizations, and required reviews and approvals.
Herborn, D.I.
The study and practice of patient safety has seen a surge over the last 10 years. New resident training and staffing policies, health information technologies, error reporting systems, team models of care, training methods, patient involvement, information handoff strategies, just cultures, and many other interventions have been mandated or attempted to improve the safety of patient care. While some of
Ben-Tzion Karsh; Roger Brown
al., 1998) have attempted the analysis of EEG and fMRI data, gathered separately. While this approachConcurrent EEG/fMRI analysis by multiway Partial Least Squares Eduardo Marti´nez-Montes,a,* Pedro A) method. As yet, there is no established means to integrate the analysis of the combined data set
Gabrieli, John
Ion beam analysis of partial lithium extraction of LiMn 2O 4 by chemical delithiation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lithium manganese oxide, LiMn 2O 4, has been studied by many research groups. This material is a great candidate to be used as positive electrode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries because of its low cost, abundant precursors and non-toxicity. LiMn 2O 4 has a spinel Fd-3m structure and shows a reversible extraction and insertion of lithium ions that is one of the most important characteristic of positive electrodes in rechargeable batteries. In this work, LiMn 2O 4 samples were synthesized by solid state reaction. A partial lithium removal was performed on this system by chemical delithiation using HCl aqueous solutions at different concentrations. Six partial-extracted compounds were obtained and characterized by Ion beam analysis (IBA) in order to obtain the Li concentrations. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Rietveld analyses were also performed. A rigorous study of lithium contents is critical to analyze the structure properties of these compounds and samples production parameters. The IBA method used in this work was the analysis of energy spectra of elastic backscattered (EBS) proton from Mn, O and Li nuclei and the ?-particles energy from the 7Li( p, ?) 4He nuclear reaction (NR).
Andrade, E.; Romero N��ez, A.; Ibarra Palos, A.; Cruz, J.; Rocha, M. F.; Solis, C.; de Lucio, O. G.; Zavala, E. P.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Safety assessment becomes an important activity in chemical industries since the need to comply with general legal requirements in addition to meet safer plant and profit. This paper reviews some most frequently causes of distillation column malfunction. First, analysis of case histories will be discussed for providing guidelines in identifying potential trouble spots in distillation column. A dynamic simulation for operational failure is simulated as the basis for assessing the consequences. A case study will be used from a side stream distillation column to show the implementation of the concept. A framework for assessing safety in the column is proposed using Fault Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Further, trouble-free operation in order to reduce the risk associated with column malfunction is described.
Werner, Suhendra; Fred, Witt; Compart
Monte Carlo verification of point kinetics for safety analysis of nuclear reactors
Monte Carlo neutron transport methods can be used to verify the applicability of point kinetics for safety analysis of nuclear reactors. KENO-NR was used to obtain the transfer function of the Advanced Neutron Source reactor and the time delay between the core power production and the external detectors, a parameter of interest to the safety systems design. The good agreement between the Monte Carlo generated transfer function and the point kinetics transfer function validates that the uncommon ANS geometry does not preclude the use of point kinetics in the frequency range that was investigated. Various features of the power spectral densities also demonstrated the applicability of point kinetics. The time delay was obtained from the cross-power spectral density (CPSD) and is {approximately}15 ms. These analyses show that frequency analysis can be used experimentally to investigate the validity of the use of point kinetics models in critical experiments or zero power testing of reactors.
Valentine, T.E.; Mihalczo, J.T. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States). Instrumentation and Controls Div.
DOE Authorization Basis evaluations and supporting documentation are required for facilities involving significant quantities of hazardous materials . A safety anal ysis of existing facilities typically includes lists of facility and process/procedure improvements that have the potential for improving safety. Unless the facility requires the upgrade to reduce significant risks to the public or to workers, the proposed modifications are subject to cost benefit analysis both to assess the worth of individual improvements and to assist with prioritizing improvements in the face of limited budgets . This paper describes the application of an integrated risk, uncertainty, and deterministic analysis approach for performing benefit/cost evaluations of proposed upgrades to the LANL Weapon Engineering Tritium Facility (WETF . )
Sciacca, F. W. (Frank W.); Konkel, H. (Herbert)
A probabilistic safety analysis of UF{sub 6} handling at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant
A probabilistic safety study of UF{sub 6} handling activities at the Portsmouth Gaseous Diffusion Plant has recently been completed. The analysis provides a unique perspective on the safety of UF{sub 6} handling activities. The estimated release frequencies provide an understanding of current risks, and the examination of individual contributors yields a ranking of important plant features and operations. Aside from the probabilistic results, however, there is an even more important benefit derived from a systematic modeling of all operations. The integrated approach employed in the analysis allows the interrelationships among the equipment and the required operations to be explored in depth. This paper summarizes the methods used in the study and provides an overview of some of the technical insights that were obtained. Specific areas of possible improvement in operations are described.
Boyd, G.J.; Lewis, S.R.; Summitt, R.L. [Safety and Reliability Optimization Services (SAROS), Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States)
Implementation Details and Safety Analysis of a Microcontroller-based SIL4 Software Voter
This paper presents a microcontroller-based soft- ware voting process that complies with Safety Integrity Level-4 (SIL-4) requirements. The selected system architecture consists of a 2 out of 2 schema, in which one channel acts as Master and the other as Slave. Each redundant channel uses a microcontroller as central element. The present analysis demonstrates that this system fulfills SIL-4 requirements.
Mikel Idirin; Xabier Aizpurua; Almir Villaro; Jon Legarda; Juan Melendez
Safety features of a heavy-metal cooled accelerator driven waste burning system (ADS) subject to a series of accident events have been investigated. The fuel consists of plutonium and minor actinides contained in a zirconium-nitride matrix. The SAS4A (1) computer code is applied to the analysis of transients imposed by a step increase in neutron source and to loss of coolant
Cognitive function analysis for human-centered automation of safety-critical systems
The Cognitive Function Analysis is a methodology supported by a mediating tool for the human-centered automation of safety-critical systems (4). It is based on a socio-cognitive model linking the artifact being designed, the user's activity, the task to be performed, and the organizational environment. Cognitive functions can be allocated to humans or machines. They are characterized by their role, context
Guy A. Boy
This Transuranic Storage Area Retrieval Enclosure Preliminary Safety Analysis Report was completed as required by DOE Order 5480.23. The purpose of this document is to construct a safety basis that supports the design and permits construction of the facility. The facility has been designed to the requirements of a Radioactive Solid Waste Facility presented in DOE Order 6430.1A.
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Weapons-Grade Plutonium-Thorium PWR Assembly Design and Core Safety Analysis
A light water reactor (LWR) fuel assembly design consisting of a blend of weapons-grade plutonium and natural thorium oxides was examined. The design meets current thermal-hydraulic and safety criteria. Such an assembly would have enough reactivity to achieve three cycles of operation. The pin power distribution indicates a fairly level distribution across the assembly, avoiding hot spots near guide tubes, corners, and other sections where excessive power would create significant loss to thermal-hydraulic margins.This work examined a number of physics and core safety analysis parameters that impact the operation and safety of power reactors. Such parameters as moderator coefficients of reactivity, Doppler coefficients, soluble boron worth, control rod worth, prompt neutron lifetime, and delayed-neutron fractions were considered. These in turn were used to examine reactor behavior during a number of operational conditions, transients, and accidents. Such conditions as shutdown from power with one rod stuck out, steam-line break accident, feedwater line break, loss of coolant flow, locked rotor accidents, control rod ejection accidents, and anticipated transients without scram (ATWSs) were examined.The analysis of selected reactor transients demonstrated that it is feasible to license and safely operate a reactor fueled with plutonium-thorium blended fuel. In most cases analyzed, the thorium mixture had less-severe consequences than those for a core comprising low-enriched uranium fuel. In the analyzed cases where the consequences were more severe, they were still within acceptable limits. The ATWS accident condition requires more analysis.
Dziadosz, David; Ake, Timothy N.; Saglam, Mehmet; Sapyta, Joe J. [Framatome ANP, Inc. (France)
Ecdysis behavior allows insects to shed their old exoskeleton at the end of every molt. It is controlled by a suite of interacting hormones and neuropeptides, and has served as a useful behavior for understanding how bioactive peptides regulate CNS function. Previous findings suggest that crustacean cardioactive peptide (CCAP) activates the ecdysis motor program; the hormone bursicon is believed to then act downstream of CCAP to inflate, pigment, and harden the exoskeleton of the next stage. However, the exact roles of these signaling molecules in regulating ecdysis remain unclear. Here we use a genetic approach to investigate the functions of CCAP and bursicon in Drosophila ecdysis. We show that null mutants in CCAP express no apparent defects in ecdysis and postecdysis, producing normal adults. By contrast, a substantial fraction of flies genetically null for one of the two subunits of bursicon [encoded by the partner of bursicon gene (pburs)] show severe defects in ecdysis, with escaper adults exhibiting the expected failures in wing expansion and exoskeleton pigmentation and hardening. Furthermore, flies lacking both CCAP and bursicon show much more severe defects at ecdysis than do animals null for either neuropeptide alone. Our results show that the functions thought to be subserved by CCAP are partially effected by bursicon, and that bursicon plays an important and heretofore undescribed role in ecdysis behavior itself. These findings have important implications for understanding the regulation of this vital insect behavior and the mechanisms by which hormones and neuropeptides control the physiology and behavior of animals. PMID:22593051
Lahr, Eleanor C; Dean, Derek; Ewer, John
A detailed analysis of partial molecular volumes in DPPC/cholesterol binary bilayers.
We examined the volumetric behavior of the dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)/cholesterol binary bilayer system with high accuracy and more cholesterol concentrations to reveal the detailed molecular states in the liquid-disordered (Ld) phase, the liquid-ordered (Lo) phase and the gel phase. We measured the average specific volume of the binary bilayer at several temperatures by the neutral flotation method and calculated the average volume per molecule to estimate the partial molecular volumes of DPPC and cholesterol in each phase. As a result, we found that the region with intermediate cholesterol concentrations showed a more complicated behavior than expected from simple coexistence of Ld and Lo domains. We also measured fluorescence decay of trans-parinaric acid (tPA) added into the binary bilayer with more cholesterol concentrations to get further insight into the cholesterol-induced formation of the Lo phase. On the basis of these results we discuss the molecular interaction between DPPC and cholesterol molecule in the Lo phase and the manner of Ld/Lo phase coexistence. PMID:25151597
Miyoshi, Tsubasa; L�nnfors, Max; Peter Slotte, J; Kato, Satoru
Product analysis of partial discharge damage to oil-impregnated insulation paper
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Surface products of oil-impregnated insulation paper during the damage process caused by partial discharge (PD), as well as gas within the cavity, were studied. An optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to investigate surface morphology, while an infrared spectroscopy (IR) and an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to study surface products and their components. The volume variation in cavity gas was also analyzed. Furthermore, gas constituents and their relevant contents were studied using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The study results reveal the following: during the PD damage process, the total gas volume and the content of electronegative gasses alternately decline and increase, while discharge types alternate between pulse type and pseudo-glow type (or glow type); �surface droplets� and �crystalline solids� appear on the insulation surface one after another; surface droplets mainly consist of (Cdbnd O)-group-containing compounds, whereas crystalline solids are mainly carboxylic acids, with carboxyl groups also found in cellulose chains; and the discharge type related to the oxidization of decomposition products is the main factor that determines the state (liquid or solid) of the surface products.
Yan, Jiaming; Liao, Ruijin; Yang, Lijun; Li, Jian; Liu, Bin
Many microbial, fungal, or oomcyete populations violate assumptions for population genetic analysis because these populations are clonal, admixed, partially clonal, and/or sexual. Furthermore, few tools exist that are specifically designed for analyzing data from clonal populations, making analysis difficult and haphazard. We developed the R package poppr providing unique tools for analysis of data from admixed, clonal, mixed, and/or sexual populations. Currently, poppr can be used for dominant/codominant and haploid/diploid genetic data. Data can be imported from several formats including GenAlEx formatted text files and can be analyzed on a user-defined hierarchy that includes unlimited levels of subpopulation structure and clone censoring. New functions include calculation of Bruvo�s distance for microsatellites, batch-analysis of the index of association with several indices of genotypic diversity, and graphing including dendrograms with bootstrap support and minimum spanning networks. While functions for genotypic diversity and clone censoring are specific for clonal populations, several functions found in poppr are also valuable to analysis of any populations. A manual with documentation and examples is provided. Poppr is open source and major releases are available on CRAN: http://cran.r-project.org/package=poppr. More supporting documentation and tutorials can be found under �resources� at: http://grunwaldlab.cgrb.oregonstate.edu/. PMID:24688859
Tabima, Javier F.; Grunwald, Niklaus J.
As the number and diversity of safety critical applications of computer systems has increased, there has been of the general safety requirements. Historically, safety critical systems have tended to be written as monolithicSafety Analysis of Hardware / Software Interactions in Complex Systems John A. McDermid, David J
Pumfrey, David
A brief historical background and a description of short- and long-term task plan development for effective closure of this important safety issue for the HFIR are given. Short-term aspects deal with Fuel-Coolant-Interaction (FCI) issues experimentation, modeling, and analysis for the flow-blockage-induced steam explosion events in direct support of the SAR. Long-term aspects deal with addressing FCI issues resulting from other
R. P. Taleyarkhan; V. Georgevich; C. W. Nestor; S. J. Chang; J. Freels; U. Gat; B. L. Lepard; R. C. Gwaltney; C. Luttrell; J. Kirkpatrick
This two-volume report presents the results of initial research on the feasibility of applying organizational factors in nuclear power plant (NPP) safety assessment. A model is introduced for the purposes of organizing the literature review and showing key relationships among identified organizational factors and nuclear power plant safety. Volume I of this report contains an overview of the literature, a discussion of available safety indicators, and a series of recommendations for more systematically incorporating organizational analysis into investigations of nuclear power plant safety.
Osborn, R.N.; Olson, J.; Sommers, P.E.; McLaughlin, S.D.; Jackson, M.S.; Scott, W.G.; Connor, P.E.
Factors affecting the safety of criticality experiments using heterogeneous assemblies are described and assessed. It is concluded that there is no substantial change in safety from experiments already being routinely performed at the Critical Mass Laboratory (CML), and that laboratory and personnel safety are adequately provided by the combination of engineered and administrative safety limits enforced at the CML. This conclusion is based on the analysis of operational controls, potential hazards, and the consequences of accidents. Contingencies considered that could affect nuclear criticality include manual changes in fuel loadings, water flooding, fire, explosion, loss of services, earthquake, windstorm, and flood. Other potential hazards considered include radiation exposure to personnel, and potential releases within the Assembly Room and outside to the environment. It is concluded that the Maximum Credible Nuclear Burst of 3 x 10/sup 18/ fissions (which served as the design basis for the CML) is valid for heterogeneous assemblies as well as homogeneous assemblies. This is based upon examination of the results of reactor destructive tests and the results of the SL-1 reactor destructive accident. The production of blast effects which might jeopardize the CML critical assembly room (of thick reinforced concrete) is not considered credible due to the extreme circumstances required to produce blast effects in reactor destructive tests. Consequently, it is concluded that, for experiments with heterogeneous assemblies, the consequences of the Maximum Credible Burst are unchanged from those previously estimated for experiments with homogeneous systems.
Gore, B.F.; Davenport, L.C.
Safety analysis of the CSTR-1 bench-scale coal liquefaction unit
The objective of the program reported herein was to provide a Safety Analysis of the CSTR-1 bench scale unit located in Building 167 at the Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center. It was apparent that considerable effort was expended in the design and construction of the unit, and in the development of operating procedures, with regard to safety. Exhaust ventilation, H/sub 2/ and H/sub 2/S monitoring, overpressure protection, overtemperature protection, and interlock systems have been provided. Present settings on the pressure and temperature safety systems are too high, however, to insure prevention of vessel deformation or damage in all cases. While the occurrence of catastrophic rupture of a system pressure vessel (e.g., reactor, high pressure separators) is unlikely, the potential consequences to personnel are severe. Feasibility of providing shielding for these components should be considered. A more probable mode of vessel failure in the event of overpressure or overtemperature and failure of the safety system is yielding of the closure bolts followed by high pressure flow across the mating surfaces. As a minimum, shielding should be designed to restrict travel of resultant spray. The requirements for personal protective equipment are presently stated in rather broad and general terms in the operating procedures. Safe practices and procedures would be more assured if specific requirements were stated and included for each operational step. Recommendations were developed for all hazards triggered by the guidelines.
Hulburt, D.A.
Standard review plan for reviewing safety analysis reports for dry metallic spent fuel storage casks
The Cask Standard Review Plan (CSRP) has been prepared as guidance to be used in the review of Cask Safety Analysis Reports (CSARs) for storage packages. The principal purpose of the CSRP is to assure the quality and uniformity of storage cask reviews and to present a well-defined base from which to evaluate proposed changes in the scope and requirements of reviews. The CSRP also sets forth solutions and approaches determined to be acceptable in the past by the NRC staff in dealing with a specific safety issue or safety-related design area. These solutions and approaches are presented in this form so that reviewers can take consistent and well-understood positions as the same safety issues arise in future cases. An applicant submitting a CSAR does not have to follow the solutions or approaches presented in the CSRP. However, applicants should recognize that the NRC staff has spent substantial time and effort in reviewing and developing their positions for the issues. A corresponding amount of time and effort will probably be required to review and accept new or different solutions and approaches.
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The use of experimental data in an MTR-type nuclear reactor safety analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Reactivity initiated accidents (RIAs) are a category of events required for research reactor safety analysis. A subset of this is unprotected RIAs in which mechanical systems or human intervention are not credited in the response of the system. Light-water cooled and moderated MTR-type ( i.e., aluminum-clad uranium plate fuel) reactors are self-limiting up to some reactivity insertion limit beyond which fuel damage occurs. This characteristic was studied in the Borax and Spert reactor tests of the 1950s and 1960s in the USA. This thesis considers the use of this experimental data in generic MTR-type reactor safety analysis. The approach presented herein is based on fundamental phenomenological understanding and uses correlations in the reactor test data with suitable account taken for differences in important system parameters. Specifically, a semi-empirical approach is used to quantify the relationship between the power, energy and temperature rise response of the system as well as parametric dependencies on void coefficient and the degree of subcooling. Secondary effects including the dependence on coolant flow are also examined. A rigorous curve fitting approach and error assessment is used to quantify the trends in the experimental data. In addition to the initial power burst stage of an unprotected transient, the longer term stability of the system is considered with a stylized treatment of characteristic power/temperature oscillations (chugging). A bridge from the HEU-based experimental data to the LEU fuel cycle is assessed and outlined based on existing simulation results presented in the literature. A cell-model based parametric study is included. The results are used to construct a practical safety analysis methodology for determining reactivity insertion safety limits for a light-water moderated and cooled MTR-type core.
Day, Simon E.
Reliability/safety analysis of a fly-by-wire system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
An analysis technique has been developed to estimate the reliability of a very complex, safety-critical system by constructing a diagram of the reliability equations for the total system. This diagram has many of the characteristics of a fault-tree or success-path diagram, but is much easier to construct for complex redundant systems. The diagram provides insight into system failure characteristics and identifies the most likely failure modes. A computer program aids in the construction of the diagram and the computation of reliability. Analysis of the NASA F-8 Digital Fly-by-Wire Flight Control System is used to illustrate the technique.
Brock, L. D.; Goddman, H. A.
Fault tree safety analysis of a large Li/SOCl(sub)2 spacecraft battery
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
The results of the safety fault tree analysis on the eight module, 576 F cell Li/SOCl2 battery on the spacecraft and in the integration and test environment prior to launch on the ground are presented. The analysis showed that with the right combination of blocking diodes, electrical fuses, thermal fuses, thermal switches, cell balance, cell vents, and battery module vents the probability of a single cell or a 72 cell module exploding can be reduced to .000001, essentially the probability due to explosion for unexplained reasons.
Uy, O. Manuel; Maurer, R. H.
Purpose: To compare the quality-adjusted life expectancy between women treated with partial breast irradiation (PBI) vs. whole breast radiotherapy (WBRT) for estrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. Methods and Materials: We developed a Markov model to describe health states in the 15 years after radiotherapy for estrogen receptor-positive early-stage breast cancer. Breast cancer recurrences were separated into local recurrences and elsewhere failures. Ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) risk was extracted from the Oxford overview, and rates and utilities were adapted from the literature. We studied two cohorts of women (aged 40 and 55 years), both of whom received adjuvant tamoxifen. Results: Assuming a no evidence of disease (NED)-PBI utility of 0.93, quality-adusted life expectancy after PBI (and WBRT) was 12.61 (12.57) and 12.10 (12.06) years for 40-year-old and 55-year-old women, respectively. The NED-PBI utility thresholds for preferring PBI over WBRT were 0.923 and 0.921 for 40-year-old and 55-year-old women, respectively, both slightly greater than the NED-WBRT utility. Outcomes were sensitive to the utility of NED-PBI, the PBI hazard ratio for local recurrence, the baseline IBTR risk, and the percentage of IBTRs that were local. Overall the degree of superiority of PBI over WBRT was greater for 55-year-old women than for 40-year-old women. Conclusions: For most utility values of the NED-PBI health state, PBI was the preferred treatment modality. This result was highly sensitive to patient preferences and was also dependent on patient age, PBI efficacy, IBTR risk, and the fraction of IBTRs that were local.
Sher, David J. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (United States); Wittenberg, Eve [Institute for Technology Assessment, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States); Taghian, Alphonse G. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA (United States); Bellon, Jennifer R. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (United States); Punglia, Rinaa S. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA (United States)], E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com
Statistical Software Partial Testing Design (Written by Stuart G. Baker) New Approach (with ROC curves): See Baker SG, Pinsky P. A proposed design and analysis for comparing digital and analog mammography: special ROC methods for cancer screening. JASA.
The objective of this study was to develop a predictive tool for evaluating the safety of slow cooking of pork products and identifying associated critical limits. Small-scale (25 g) ground pork isothermal inoculation studies were done to determine Salmonella serovars, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Staphylococcus aureusestimated critical times (time until growth reached a predefined increase of concern). Estimated critical time
Case-control analysis in highway safety: Accounting for sites with multiple crashes.
There is an increased interest in the use of epidemiological methods in highway safety analysis. The case-control and cohort methods are commonly used in the epidemiological field to identify risk factors and quantify the risk or odds of disease given certain characteristics and factors related to an individual. This same concept can be applied to highway safety where the entity of interest is a roadway segment or intersection (rather than a person) and the risk factors of interest are the operational and geometric characteristics of a given roadway. One criticism of the use of these methods in highway safety is that they have not accounted for the difference between sites with single and multiple crashes. In the medical field, a disease either occurs or it does not; multiple occurrences are generally not an issue. In the highway safety field, it is necessary to evaluate the safety of a given site while accounting for multiple crashes. Otherwise, the analysis may underestimate the safety effects of a given factor. This paper explores the use of the case-control method in highway safety and two variations to account for sites with multiple crashes. Specifically, the paper presents two alternative methods for defining cases in a case-control study and compares the results in a case study. The first alternative defines a separate case for each crash in a given study period, thereby increasing the weight of the associated roadway characteristics in the analysis. The second alternative defines entire crash categories as cases (sites with one crash, sites with two crashes, etc.) and analyzes each group separately in comparison to sites with no crashes. The results are also compared to a "typical" case-control application, where the cases are simply defined as any entity that experiences at least one crash and controls are those entities without a crash in a given period. In a "typical" case-control design, the attributes associated with single-crash segments are weighted the same as the attributes of segments with multiple crashes. The results support the hypothesis that the "typical" case-control design may underestimate the safety effects of a given factor compared to methods that account for sites with multiple crashes. Compared to the first alternative case definition (where multiple crash segments represent multiple cases) the results from the "typical" case-control design are less pronounced (i.e., closer to unity). The second alternative (where case definitions are constructed for various crash categories and analyzed separately) provides further evidence that sites with single and multiple crashes should not be grouped together in a case-control analysis. This paper indicates a clear need to differentiate sites with single and multiple crashes in a case-control analysis. While the results suggest that sites with multiple crashes can be accounted for using a case-control design, further research is needed to determine the optimal method for addressing this issue. This paper provides a starting point for that research. PMID:22682970
Gross, Frank
Rotation to a Partially Specified Target Matrix in Exploratory Factor Analysis: How Many Targets?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of the number of targets specified on the quality of exploratory factor analysis solutions with a complex underlying structure and incomplete substantive measurement theory. Three Monte Carlo studies were performed based on the ratio of the number of observed variables to the number of�
Myers, Nicholas D.; Ahn, Soyeon; Jin, Ying
Mechanical evaluation and fem analysis of stress in fixed partial dentures zirconium-ceramic
SUMMARY Objective. Over the last several years, the Finite Element Analysis (FEM) has been widely recognized as a reference method in different fields of study, to simulate the distribution of mechanical stress, in order to evaluate the relative distribution of loads of different nature. The aim of this study is to investigate through the FEM analysis the stress distribution in fixed prostheses that have a core in Zirconia and a ceramic veneer supported by implants. Materials and methods. In this work we investigated the mechanical flexural strength of a ceramic material (Noritake�) and a of zirconium framework (Zircodent�) and the effects of the manufacturing processes of the material commonly performed during the production of fixed prostheses with CAD/CAM technology. Specifically three point bending mechanical tests were performed (three-point-bending) (1�3), using a machine from Test Equipment Instron 5566�, on two structures in zirconium framework-ceramic (structures supported by two implant abutments with pontic elements 1 and 2). A further in-depth analysis on the mechanical behavior in flexure of the specimens was conducted carrying out FEM studies in order to compare analog and digital data. Results. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the stresses are distributed in a different way according to the intrinsic elasticity of the structure. The analysis of FPD with four elements, the stresses are mainly concentrated on the surface of the load, while, in the FPD of three elements, much more rigid, the stresses are concentrated near the inner margins of the abutments. The concentration of many stresses in this point could be correlated to chipping (4) that is found in the outer edges of the structure, as a direct result of the ceramic brittleness which opposes the resilience of the structure subjected to bending. Conclusions. The analysis of the UY linear displacement confirms previous data, showing, in a numerical way, that the presence of the ceramic is related to the lowering of the structure. So, the reference values are those of the linear lowering obtained in the Mechanical Test and in our FEM analysis. zirconium framework with four elements 4,227 10?2mm.zirconium framework with ceramic structure with four elements 2,266 10?2 mm.That suggests that the presence of ceramics halves the flexion capabilities of the prosthetic materials. PMID:24772262
This document contains the completed safety analysis which establishes the safety envelope for performing the mixer pump process test in Tank 241-AZ-101. This process test is described in TF-210-OTP-001. All equipment necessary for the mixer pump test has been installed by Project W-151. The purpose of this document is to describe and analyze the mixer pump test for Aging Waste Facility (AWF) Tank 241-AZ-101 and to address the 'yes/maybe' responses marked for evaluation questions identified in Unreviewed Safety Question Evaluation (USQE) TF-94-0266. The scope of this document is limited to the performance of the mixer pump test for Tank 241-AZ-101. Unreviewed Safety Question Determination (USQD) TF-96-0018 verified that the installation of two mixer pumps into Tank 241-AZ-101 was within the current Tank Waste Remediation System (TWRS) Authorization Basis. USQDs TF-96-0461, TF-96-0448, and TF-96-0805 verified that the installation of the in-tank video camera, thermocouples, and Ultrasonic Interface Level Analyzer (URSILLA), respectively, were within the current TWRS Authorization Basis. USQD TF-96-1041 verified that the checkout testing of the installed equipment was within the current TWRS Authorization Basis. Installation of the pumps and equipment has been completed. An evaluation of safety considerations associated with operation of the mixer pumps for the mixer pump test is provided in this document. This document augments the existing AWF authorization basis as defined in the Interim Safety Basis (Stahl 1997), and as such, will use the existing Interim Operational Safety Requirements (IOSRs) of Heubach 1996 to adequately control the mixer pump test. The hazard and accident analysis is limited to the scope and impact of the mixer pump test, and therefore does not address hazards already addressed by the current AWF authorization basis. This document does not evaluate removal of the mixer pumps. Safety considerations for removal of the pumps will be addressed by separate safety documentation once that portion of the mission is defined. The mixer pump test has been evaluated to cover the use of either the existing ventilation system (241-A-702) or the ventilation system upgrade provided by Project W-030. Analysis of Project W-030 is outside of the scope of this document and is addressed in HNF-SD-WM-SARR-039 (Draft) which, should the W-030 system be in service at the time of the mixer pump test, will have been approved and made a part of the TWRS authorization basis. The test will use two high-capacity mixer pumps in various configurations and modes to demonstrate solids mobilization of waste in Tank 241-AZ-101. The information and experience gained during the test will provide data for comparison with sludge mobilization prediction models; provide data to estimate the number, location, and cycle times of the mixer pumps; and provide indication of the effects of mixer pump operation on the AWF tank systems and components. The slurry produced will be evaluated for future pretreatment processing. This process test does not transfer waste from the tank; the waste is mixed and confined within the existing system. At the completion of the mixer pump test, the mixer pumps will be stopped and normal tank operations, maintenance, and surveillance will continue. Periodic rotation of the mixer pumps and motor shafts, along with bearing greasing, is required to maintain the pumps following the mixer pump test.
The hazard analysis and critical control point system in food safety.
The Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) system is a preventive method of ensuring food safety. Its objectives are the identification of consumer safety hazards that can occur in the production line and the establishment of a control process to guarantee a safer product for the consumer; it is based on the identification of potential hazards to food safety and on measures aimed at preventing these hazards. HACCP is the system of choice in the management of food safety. The principles of HACCP are applicable to all phases of food production, including basic husbandry practices, food preparation and handling, food processing, food service, distribution systems, and consumer handling and use. The HACCP system is involved in every aspect of food safety production (according to the UN Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] and the International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods [ICMSF]). The most basic concept underlying the HACCP system is that of prevention rather than inspection. The control of processes and conditions comprises the critical control point (CCP) element. HACCP is simply a methodical, flexible, and systematic application of the appropriate science and technology for planning, controlling, and documenting the safe production of foods. The successful application of HACCP requires the full commitment and involvement of management and the workforce, using a multidisciplinary approach that should include, as appropriate, expertise in agronomy, veterinary health, microbiology, public health, food technology, environmental health, chemistry, engineering, and so on according to the particular situation. Application of the HACCP system is compatible with the implementation of total quality management (TQM) systems such as the ISO 9000 series. PMID:15156035
Herrera, Anavella Gaitan
Organic Tanks Safety Program: Advanced organic analysis FY 1996 progress report
Major focus during the first part of FY96 was to evaluate using organic functional group concentrations to screen for energetics. Fourier transform infrared and Raman spectroscopy would be useful screening tools for determining C-H and COO- organic content in tank wastes analyzed in a hot cell. These techniques would be used for identifying tanks of potential safety concern that may require further analysis. Samples from Tanks 241-C-106 and -C-204 were analyzed; the major organic in C-106 was B2EHPA and in C-204 was TBP. Analyses of simulated wastes were also performed for the Waste Aging Studies Task; organics formed as a result of degradation were identified, and the original starting components were monitored quantitatively. Sample analysis is not routine and required considerable methods adaptation and optimization. Several techniques have been evaluated for directl