text: DOSSIER DRAMA 1. Work in pairs. Discuss with your partner whether you prefer to read a book or watch a performance at the theatre and state your reasons. 2. Think of the differences between reading a book and watching a play and fill in the two columns below. Reading a book Watching a play The word drama is used to define any work that is to be performed on the stage by actors. It is a genre that differs from poetry and fiction because it has some characteristics that are peculiar to it and can be easily detected. TEXT A The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie by Muriel Spark (1961) The teachers here seemed to have no thoughts of anyone's personalities apart from their speciality in life, whether it was mathematics, Latin or science. They treated the new first-formers as if they were not real, but only to be dealt with, like symbols of algebra, and Miss Brodie's pupils found this refreshing at first. Wonderful, too, during the first week was the curriculum of dazzling new subjects, and the rushing to and from room to room to keep to the time-table. Their days were now filled with unfamiliar shapes and sounds which were magically Proud, cultured, dissociated from ordinary life, the great circles and triangles of geometry, the romantic, her ideas hieroghyphics of Greek on the page... were progressive, even (from Chapter IV) shocking. TEXT B Major Barbara by George Bernard Shaw (1905) LADY BRITOMART: Don't begin to read, Stephen. I shall require all your attention. STEPHEN: It was only while I was waiting – LADY BRITOMART: Don't make excuses, Stephen. (He puts down the newspaper). Now! I have not kept you waiting very long, I think. STEPHEN: Not at all, mother. LADY BRITOMART: Bring me my cushion. (He takes the cushion from the chair at the desk and arranges it for her as she sits down on the settee). Sit down. ( He sits down and fingers his tie nervously). Don't fiddle with your tie, Stephen: there is nothing the matter with it. STEPHEN: I beg your pardon. (He fiddles with his watch chain instead). LADY BRITOMART: Now are you attending to me, Stephen? STEPHEN: Of course, mother. LADY BRITOMART: No; it's not of course. I want something much more than fiddle: play aimlessly your everyday matter-of-course attention. I am going to speak to you very seriously, Stephen. I wish you would let that chain alone. 18 narrator 3. Read the two texts above and consider the following lists. One of them must be completed by the word 'narrator'. Which one? Drama Narrative prose . text . text . author . author . public . public . ______________ . ______________ The narrator has several functions like describing actions, describing people and places, describing thoughts and feelings, informing on future events, reporting past events, making general considerations, describing interactions between people and so on. In the theatre these functions are carried by the following devices. stage directions DEVICES OF A PLAY a) Stage directions: the written instructions in the text of a play which explain what an actor should do, details of location, scenery and effects; b) Dialogue: the conversation in a play between two or more people; dialogue c) Soliloquy: a speech in a play in which a character speaks to himself, with or without an audience. It allows the character to express his thoughts and feelings as if he were thinking aloud. It is an accepted dramatic convention that enables a dramatist to convey important information about the character directly to the audience, his innermost thoughts and feelings, his motives and intentions. Monologue is the term used to define a long speech by one character but it does not necessarily imply the revelation of his feelings and thoughts. A monologue is not confined to the theatre but is also found in other literary genres. soliloquy d) Aside: is a term used when a few words or a short passage is spoken in an undertone to the audience. An aside is a kind of secret communication not meant to be heard by the other characters on the stage. If two or more characters are 'included' in the aside, then the other characters are 'excluded'. The audience always has the privilege of being included. 4. The following are short passages from plays where these devices are used. Use the lists provided below and write the appropriate function/s and device/s aside employed, next to each example. One example has been provided to help you. DEVICES FUNCTIONS a) stage directions 1) describing people and places b) dialogue 2) describing thoughts and feelings c) soliloquy 3) reporting past events d) aside 4) showing interaction between people 5) describing thoughts, feelings and interaction between people. 6) inferring future events inferring: deducing 7) making general considerations 19 TEXT C Chicken Soup with Barley by Arnold Wesker (1958) ADA: I do not believe in the right to organize people. And anyway I'm not sure that I love them enough to want to organize them. SARAH (sadly): This – from you, Ada? You used to be such an organizer. ADA: I'm tired, Mother. I spent eighteen months waiting for Dave to return from Spain (1) and now I've waited six year for him to come home from a war 1. As you know, against Fascism and and I'm tired. Six years in and out of offices, auditing books during the Spanish and working with young girls who are morons – lipsticked, giggling morons. And Civil War (1936- Dave's experience is the same – fighting with men who he says did not know what 1939) some English the war was about. Away from their wives they behaved like animals. In fact men went as they wanted to get away from their wives in order to behave like animals. volunteers to Spain Give them another war and they'd run back again. Oh yes! The service killed any to fight for the illusions Dave may have once had about the splendid and heroic working class. Republicans. (from Act II) morons: foolish, stupid person giggling: laughing in a silly way . DEVICE/S: dialogue stage directions . FUNCTION/S: describing thoughts and feelings reporting past events making general considerations TEXT D Look Back in Anger by John Osborne (1955) ALISON (softly): All I want is a little peace. JIMMY: Peace! God! She wants peace! (Hardly able to get his words out). My heart is so full, I feel ill – and she wants peace! She crosses to the bed to put on her shoes. Cliff gets up from the table, and sits in the armchair. He picks up a paper, and looks at that. Jimmy has recovered slightly, and manages Performance of to sound almost detached. Look Back in Anger I rage, and shout my head off, and everyone thinks 'poor chap!' or 'what an at Royal Lyceum objectionable young man!' Theatre, Edinburgh But that girl there can twist your arm off with her silence. I've sat in this chair in (2005) the dark for hours. And although she knows I'm feeling as I feel now, she's turned over, and gone to sleep. (He gets up and faces Cliff, who doesn't look up from his paper) One of us is crazy. One of us is mean and stupid and crazy. Which is it? Is it me? poor chap: poor man Is it me, standing here like an hysterical girl, hardly able to get my words out? Or is it her? Sitting there, putting on her shoes to go out with that – (...) (from Act II, Scene I) . DEVICE/S . FUNCTION/S 20 TEXT E Krapp's Last Tape by Samuel Beckett (1958) A late evening in the future. KRAPP's den. Front centre a small table, the two drawers of which open towards the audience. Sitting at the table, facing front.i.e across from the drawers, a wearish old man: KRAPP. Rusty black narrow trousers too short for him. Rusty black sleeveless waistcoat, four capacious pockets. Heavy silver watch and chain. Grimy white shirt open at neck, no collar. Surprising pair of dirty white boots, size ten at least, very narrow and pointed. White face. Purple nose. Disordered grey hair. Unshaven. den: small room (Beginning of the play) wearish: tired- looking rusty: reddish with . DEVICE/S . age grimy: very dirty FUNCTION/S TEXT F A Woman of No Importance by Oscar Wilde (1893) MRS ARBUTHNOT: I am glad to hear you say so. Gerald shall certainly not go away with you. LORD ILLINGWORTH: What nonsense, Rachel! MRS ARBUTHNOT: Do you think I would allow my son – LORD ILLINGWORTH: Our son. MRS ARBUTHNOT: My son (LORD ILLINGWORTH shrugs his shoulders-.) to go away with the man who spoiled my youth, who ruined my life, who has tainted every moment of my days? You don't realize what my past has been in suffering and in shame. LORD ILLINGWORTH: My dear Rachel, I must candidly say that I think Gerald's future considerably more important than your past. tainted: spoilt MRS ARBURTHNOT: Gerald cannot separate his future from my past. (from Act II) . DEVICE/S . FUNCTION/S TEST G Waiting for Godot by Samuel Beckett (1952) Silence. ESTRAGON: Didi. VLADIMIR : Yes. ESTRAGON : I can't go on like this. VLADIMIR: That's what you think. Vladimir and Estragon, ESTRAGON: If we parted? That might be better for us. waiting for Godot. VLADIMIR: We'll hang ourselves tomorrow. (Pause) Unless Godot comes? ESTRAGON: And if he comes? VLADIMIR: We'll be saved. (from Act II) 21 . DEVICE/S . FUNCTION/S TEST H Hamlet by William Shakespeare (1601) Enter Hamlet. HAMLET: To be, or not to be, that is the question: Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles slings: sling strap And by opposing end them. To die to sleep, used for throwing No more; and by a sleep to say we end stones with force. The heart-ache and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to: That flesh is heir to: 'tis a consummation that are part of Devoutly to be wish'd. human life. (from Act III, Scene I). Consummation: end, goal, conclusion. . DEVICE/S . FUNCTION/S TEST I King Lear by William Shakespeare (1605) CORDELIA (Aside): Then, poor Cordelia! And yet not so; since, I am sure, my love's More richer than my tongue. LEAR: To thee and thine, hereditary ever, Remain this ample third of our fair kingdom, No less in space, validity and pleasure, Actor Christopher Than that conferr'd on Goneril. Now, our joy, Plummer as King Although our last, not least; to whose young love Lear The vines of France and milk of Burgundy Strive to be interess'd; what can you say to draw A third more opulent than your sisters? Speak. CORDELIA: Nothing, my lord. LEAR: Nothing? CORDELIA: Nothing. (from Act I) . DEVICE/S . FUNCTION/S 22 TEST J Chicken Soup with Barley by Arnold Wesker (1958) RONNIE: Whoa, whoa! HARRY: But it is an industrial age, you silly girl. Let's face facts – ADA (mocking): Don't let us kid ourselves. HARRY (with her): Don't let us kid ourselves – it's a challenge of our time. ADA: Balls! kid: deceive HARRY: You can't run away from it. ADA: Stop me! HARRY: Then you're a coward - that's all I can say – you're a coward. SARAH (sadly): She had a fine example from her father, didn't she? HARRY (to his stab in the back): What do you mean - a fine example from her father? SARAH: You don't understand what I'm saying, I suppose? (from Act II) . DEVICE/S . FUNCTION/S 5. Here below is the script of a passage from The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde. The stage directions have been omitted. Listen to the performance and take notes about: .Where the action is likely to take place .What the characters are doing .The characters' relationship and social class 23 TEST K The importance of being Earnest by Oscar Wilde (1895) MERRIMAN: Shall I lay tea here as usual, Miss? CECIL: Yes, as usual. GWENDOLEN: Are there many interesting walks in the vicinity, Miss Cardew? CECILY: Oh! yes! a great many. From the top of one of the hills quite close one can see five counties. Oscar Wilde GWENDOLEN: Five counties! I don't think I should like that; I hate crowds. (1854-1900) CECILY: I suppose that is why you live in town? GWENDOLEN: Quite a well-kept garden this is, Miss Cardew. CECILY: So glad you like it, Miss Fairfax. GWENDOLEN: I had no idea there were any flowers in the country. CECILY: Oh, flowers are as common here, Miss Fairfax, as people are in London. GWENDOLEN: Personally I cannot understand how anybody manages to exist anybody who is in the country, if anybody who is anybody does. The country always bores me to anybody: people of death. the upper class. CECILY: Ah! This is what the newspapers call agricultural depression, is it not? I believe the aristocracy are suffering very much from it just at present. It is almost an epidemic amongst them, I have been told. May I offer you some tea, Miss Fairfax? GWENDOLEN: Thank you. Detestable girl. But I require tea! CECILY: Sugar? GWENDOLEN: No, thank you. Sugar is not fashionable any more. CECILY: Cake or bread and butter? GWENDOLEN: Bread and butter, please. Cake is rarely seen at the best houses. nowadays. CECILY: Hand that to Miss Fairfax. GWENDOLEN: You have filled my tea with lumps of sugar, and though I asked most distinctly for bread and butter, you have given me cake. I am known for the gentleness of my disposition, and the extraordinary sweetness of my nature, but I warn you, Miss Cardew, you may go too far. CECILY: To save my poor, innocent, trusting boy from the machinations of any other girl there are no lengths to which I would not go. GWENDOLEN: From the moment I saw you I distrusted you. I felt that you were false and deceitful. I am never deceived in such matters. My first impressions of people are invariably right. calls: visits CECILY: It seems to me, Miss Fairfax, that I am trespassing on your valuable time. No doubt you have many other calls of a similar character to make in the neighbourhood. (from Act II) Compare your notes with your partner's, then work together and write your own stage directions. You should also provide details on furniture, ornaments, objects, clothes, physical appearance of the characters. 24 6. Consider the features of the theatre that have been examined so far and complete the following passage with the following words. interaction story people previous stage directions audience relationships narrator thoughts and feelings general themes The first thing that emerges from the comparison beween drama and narrative prose is that there is no ____________ in the drama. The descriptions of ____________ and places find an equivalent in the ____________ ____________ and dialogue provides information on ____________ and interactions between people, the development of the ____________ , characters' ____________ ___ ____________ . The main focus is on the ___________ between characters rather than on the story itself. Soliloquy is a device by which a character speaks to himself\herself or to the ____________ and expresses his\her own thoughts and feelings. This often includes information on ___________ or future events. Soliloquy also permits a character or the author to make considerations on ____________. FEATURES OF A PLAY 7. The following is an excerpt drawn from Arms and the Man by G.B.Shaw. You will listen to it twice: the first time it will be just read (by the teacher/some students), the second it will be interpreted. Try to state what makes the two versions different. Compare your notes with your partner's. TEST L Arms and the Man George Bernard by George Bernard Shaw (1894) Shaw (1856-1950) RAINA (crouching in the bed): Who's there? (The match is out instantly). Who's there? Who is that? A MAN'S VOICE (in the darkness, subduedly, but threateningly): Sh-sh! Don't call out or you'll be shot. Be good; and no harm will happen to you. (She is heard leaving her bed, and making for the door). Take care: it's no use trying to run away. RAINA: But who – THE VOICE (warning): Remember: if you raise your voice my revolver will go off. (commandingly): Strike a light and let me see you. Do you hear? (another moment of silence and darkness as she retreats to the chest of drawers. Then she lights a candle; and the mystery is at an end. He is a man of about 35, in a deplorable plight, bespattered with mud and blood and snow, his belt and the strap of his revolver-case keeping together the torn ruins of the blue tunic of a Serbian artillery officer. All that the candlelight and his unwashed unkempt condition make it possible to discern is that he is of middling stature and undistinguished appearance, with strong neck and shoulders, roundish obstinate looking head covered with short crisp bonze curls, clear quick eyes and good brows and mouth,a hopelessly prosaic nose like that of a strong minded baby, trim soldierlike carriage and energetic manner, and with all his wits about him in spite of his desperate predicament: even with a sense of the humour of it, without, however, the least intention of trifling with it or throwing away a chance. Reckoning up what he can guess about Raina: her age, her social position, her character, and the extent to which she is frightened, he continues, more politely but still most determinedly). Excuse my disturbing you; but you recognize my uniform? Serb! If I'm caught I shall be killed. (Menacingly) Do you understand that? RAINA: Yes. THE MAN: Well, I don't intend to get killed if I can help it. (Still more formidably) Do you understand that? (He locks the door quickly but quietly). 25 RAINA (disdainfully): I suppose not. ( She draws herself up superbly, and looks him straight in the face, adding, with cutting emphasis) Some soldiers, I know, are afraid to die. THE MAN (with grim goodhumour): All of them, dear lady, all of them, believe me. It is our duty to live as long as we can. Now, if you raise an alarm – RAINA (cutting him short): You will shoot me. How do you know that I am afraid to die? THE MAN (cunningly): Ah; but suppose I don't shoot you, what will happen then? A lot of your cavalry will burst into this pretty room of yours and slaughter me here like a pig; for I'll fight like a demon: they shan't get me into the street to amuse themselves with: I know what they are. Are you prepared to receive that sort of company in your present undress? (Raina, suddenly conscious of her nightgown, instinctively shrinks and gathers it more closely about her neck. He watches her and adds pitilessly) Hardly presentable, eh? (she turns to the ottoman. He raises his pistol instantly, and cries) Stop! (She stops) Where A production of are you going? Arms and the Man RAINA (with dignified patience): Only to get my cloak. (Pasadena Shakespeare THE MAN (passing swiftly to the ottoman and snatching the cloak): A good idea! Company) I'll keep the cloak; and you'll take care that nobody comes in and sees you without it. This is a better weapon than the revolver, eh? (He throws the pistol down on the ottoman). RAINA (revolted): It is not the weapon of a gentleman! THE MAN: It's good enough for a man with only you to stand between him and death. (As they look at one another for a moment, Raina hardly able to believe that even a Serbian officer can be so cynicallly and selfishly unchivalrous, they are startled by a sharp fusillade in the street. The chill of imminent death hushes the man's voice as he adds) Do you hear? If you are going to bring those blackguards in on me you shall receive them as you are. Clamor and disturbance. The pursuers in the street batter at the house door, shouting Open the door! Wake up, will you! A man's servant's voice calls to them angrily from within This is Major Petkoff's house: you can't come in here; but a renewal of the clamour, and a torrent of blows on the door, end with his letting a chain down with a clank, followed by a rush of heavy footsteps and a din of triumphant yells, dominated at last by the voice of Catherine, indignantly addressing an officer with What does this mean, sir? Do you know where you are? The noise subsides suddenly. LOUKA (outside, knocking at the bedroom door): My lady! my lady! get up quick and open the door. If you don't they will break it down. The fugitive throws up his head with the gesture of a man who sees that it is all over with him, and drops the manner he has been assuming to intimidate Raina. THE MAN (sincerely and kindly): No use, dear: I'm done for. (Flinging the cloak to her) Quick! Wrap yourself up: they're coming. RAINA: Oh, thank you. (She wraps herself up with intense relief). THE MAN (between his teeth): Don't mention it. RAINA (anxiously): What will you do? THE MAN (grimly): The first man in will find out. Keep out of the way; and don't look. It won't last long; but it will not be nice. (He draws his sabre and faces the door, waiting). RAINA (impulsively): I'll help you. I'll save you. THE MAN: You can't. RAINA: I can. I'll hide you. (She drags him towards the window). Here! behind the curtains. THE MAN (yielding to her): There's just half a chance, if you keep your head. RAINA (drawing the curtain before him): S-sh! (She makes for the ottoman). THE MAN: Remember – RAINA (running back to him): Yes? THE MAN: nine soldiers out of ten are born fools. RAINA: Oh! (she draws the curtain angrily before him). THE MAN (looking out at the other side): If they find me, I promise you a fight: a devil of a fight. 26 Basically the difference could be summarized in this way: what matters is not only what is said, but how it is said. Of course, the example that you have just heard is not contextually complete, because in a theatre you also see the actors, that is, their facial expressions and their movements. All these elements, which so powerfully contribute to create meaning, are defined paralinguistic features. Intonation, timbre, expression of the face, gestures, movements, all constitute the main difference between spoken and written language. But this is not all. When you are in a theatre, you are also involved in the scenery on the stage, the lights, the sound effects, the props. The scenery is the set of structures and painted bakcloths on a theatre stage which gives an indication of where the action in the play takes place. The scenery is naturalistic when it wants to represent life with the greatest fidelity. The scenery reproduces as far as possible a 'real' set, e.g. a room, a garden. The scenery is symbolic when objects with abstract forms replace the realistic set. The lights have an important role because they are used to emphasize the meaning of the play. Lighting sources can be on the stage but also off stage, behind or in front of it. This different use of the lighting has been made possible with the advent of the electric light at the end of the 19th century. Before that, gas lighting was used and, even before that, there was candle light. In the Elizabethan theatre the performances took place during the day and no lighting was used. The sound effects, like the lights, can be part of the play itself. Music can be played between two scenes, to fill in a space, or can underline a particularly important moment in a play. It can build up suspense, can establish the beginning or the end of a scene or the end of the play itself. Props is the name given to all objects on the stage. They can be either the personal objects of the actors or the furniture used for the scene itself. A play cannot be performed without the actors. They play and interpret different characters. Main characters are those that have a principal role in the play, while minor characters are those with an inferior role. Stock characters do not change in the course of the play and represent one personality trait (e.g, the jealous husband, the handsome prince, the cunning servant). Round characters have real psychological identity, develop their own personalities during the play, change their ways of thinking and make the audience part of their conflicts, joys, and troubles. A play, a dramatic work that has to be performed on the stage, is written by a playwright and is usually divided in acts; each act has one or more scenes. The director is the person who supervises the staging of a play and is responsible for action, lighting, and music. KINDS OF DRAMA COMEDY 8. Read the extract below taken from Pygmalion by G. B. Shaw and note down what makes the flower girl comic • physically • verbally 27 TEST M Pygmalion by G. B. Shaw (1912) MRS PEARCE [returning]: This is the young woman, sir. The flower girl enters in state. She has a hat with three ostrich feathers, orange, sky-blue, and red. She has a nearly clean apron and the shoddy coat has been tidied a little. The pathos of this deplorable figure, with its innocent vanity and consequential air, touches Pickering, who has already straightened himself in the presence of Mrs Pearce. But as to Higgins, the only shoddy: very cheap, distinction he makes between mean and women is that when he is neither bullying nor bad quality. exclaiming to the heavens against some feather-weight cross, he coaxes women as a child jotted down: wrote coaxes its nurse when it wants to get anything out of her. down. lingo: language. HIGGINS [brusquely, recognizing her with unconcealed disappointment, and at saucy: slightly once, babylike, making an intolerable grievance of it]: Why, this is the girl I impudent. jotted down last night. She's no use: I've got all the records I want of the Lisson Grove lingo; and I'm not going to waste another cylinder on it. [To the girl] Be off with you: I don't want you. THE FLOWER GIRL: Don't you be so saucy. You aint heard what I come for yet. [To Mrs Pearce, who is waiting at the door for further instructions] Did you tell him I come in a taxi? MRS PEARCE: Nonsense, girl! what do you think a gentleman like Mr Higgins cares what you came in? THE FLOWER GIRL: Oh, we are proud! He aint above giving lessons, not him: I heard him say so. Well, I aint come here to ask for any compliment; and if my The Flower Girl (Irish money's not good enough I can go elsewhere. actress Dawn HIGGINS: Good enough for what? Bradfield) THE FLOWER GIRL: Good enough for yae. Now you know, don't you? I'm coming to have lessons, I am. And to pay for em tae: make no mistake. HIGGINS [stupent]: Well!!! [recovering his breath with a gasp] What do you expect me to say to you? THE FLOWER GIRL: Well, if you was a gentleman, you might ask me to sit down, I think. Don't I tell you I'm bringing you business? baggage: unpleasant, HIGGINS: Pickering: shall we ask this baggage to sit down, or shall we throw annoying woman. her out of the window. THE FLOWER GIRL [running away in terror to the piano, where she turns at bay]: Ah-ah-oh-ow-ow-ow-oo! [Wounded and whimpering]: I wont be called a baggage when Ive offered to pay like any lady. Motionless, the two men stare at her from the other side of the room, amazed. PICKERING [gently]: But what is it you want? stead of sellin: instead of selling. THE FLOWER GIRL: I want to be a lady in a flower shop stead of sellin at the corner of Tottenham Court Road. But they wont take me unless I can talk more zif: as if. genteel. He said he could teach me. Well, here I am ready to pay him –not asking any favour – and he treats me zif was dirt. Youd had a drop in: MRS PEARCE: How can you be such a foolish ignorant girl as to think you could afford to pay Mr Higgins? you were a bit drunk. THE FLOWER GIRL: Why shouldn't I I know what lessons cost as well as you do; and I'm ready to pay. HIGGINS: How much? THE FLOWER GIRL [coming back to him, triumphant]: Now youre talking! I thought youd come off it when you saw a chance of getting back a bit of what you chucked at me last night. [confidentially]: Youd had a drop in, hadnt you? HIGGINS [peremptorily]: Sit down. THE FLOWER GIRL [severely]: Sit down, girl. Do as youre told. THE FLOWER GIRL: Ah-ah-ah-ah-ow-oo! [She stands, half rebellious, half- bewildered]. PICKERING [very courteous]: Wont you sit down? [He places the stray chair near the hearthrug between himself and Higgins]. LIZA [coyly]: Don't mind if I do. [She sits down. Pickering returns to the hearthrug]. Dr Higgins ( actor Rex HIGGINS: What's your name? Harrison). 28 9. Which word/s or expressions does Mr Higgins use to underline the comic aspect of the girl? Pygmalion is a comedy, that is a dramatic play with a happy ending, whose theme is treated in a fairly light way. A comedy usually presents a typical structure: introduction: which presents the main characters, setting and situation; Liza Doolittle (actress development: which in a comedy complicates an already problematic situation. It is Audrey Hepburn). often full of misunderstandings; crisis: when the problems come to a head, and the situation is revealed; denoument: which is a period of acceptance and reconciliation; finale: which establishes the new order. A fundamental element of a comedy is humour. There can be three types of humour: behavioural humour: when the characters behave in a funny of illogical way; situational humour: when the situation described is impossible or unlikely to happen; The happy ending in verbal humour: the clever use of words, especially in dialogues. Pygmalion does not mean a romantic marriage between 10. Which kind/s of humour can you find in text 30? the two main characters. It has to be seen as the gained independence of Eliza who refuses to be dominated and exploited by an arrogant professor, Mr Higgins. Comedy is a general term but there are different kings of comedy: comedy of humours: it was fashionable at the end of the 16th and early 17th century. The name derives from the humorous characters of the play whose actions are dominated by a particular humour; comedy of ideas: it deals with ideas and problems in a witty and humorous way; comedy of manners: the focus is on the behaviour of men and women of the middle and upper classes who follow specific social codes. It is usually a sophisticated, witty and elegant comedy; comedy of menace: it is a play in which one or more than one character feel that they are victims of a threat given by an obscure force, another force, another character, a mysterious power and so on. The fear and menace are treated with a black and grim humour; farce: it is a comedy whose aim is to provoke laughs. Its basic elements are: exaggeration of characters and situations, very improbable or impossible events, exaggerated physical actions, surprises. The plot is usually complex and events come one after the other very rapidly. 29 TRAGEDY 11. The extract below is taken from Romeo and Juliet by W. Shakespeare. Romeo is dead and Juliet, unaware of this, is looking for her beloved. Which words told by the friar make the situation tragic? TEST N Romeo and Juliet by W. Shakespeare (1594-96) JULIET: O comfortable friar! Where is my lord? I do remember well where I should be, And there I am. Where is my Romeo? FRIAR: I hear some noise. Lady, come from that nest Of death, contagion, and unnatural sleep. hath thwarted: has A greater power than we can contradict prevented. Hath thwarted our intents. Come, come away. Thy husband in thy bosom there lies dead; And Paris too. Come, I'll dispose of thee Among a sisterhood of holy nuns. Stay no to question, for the watch is coming. Come, go, good Juliet. I dare no longer stay. JULIET: Go, get thee hence, for I will not away. Exit [Friar]. What's here? A cup, closed in my truelove's hand? churl: bad tempered Poison, I see, hath been his timeless end. man. O churl! Drunk all, and left no friendly drop haply: perhaps. To help me after? I will kiss thy lips. Haply some poison yet doth hang on them To make me die with a restorative. [Kisses him]. Thy lips are warm! happy: suitable, CHIEF WATCHMAN [Within]: Lead, boy. Which way? useful. JULIET: Yea, noise? Then I'll be brief. O happy dagger! [Snatches Romeo's dagger]. This is thy sheath; there rust, and let me die. [She stabs herself and falls]. (from Act V, Scene III) 12. Which dramatic and final does Juliet make to show her desperate love for Romeo? Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy. It is a form of drama which deals with the fortunes, misfortunes and, eventually, disasters that befall human beings of title, power and position. There are not humble main characters in tragedy. The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) asserted that a tragedy had to deal with serious matters, be of universal importance and complete in itself. The perfect plot had one issue only: the hero´s fortunes were to change from happy to miserable. The cause of the change was some great error on the hero´s part. The tragic hero belonged to the upper class and did not have particularly bad or good traits. In a tragedy there is often the presence of a supernatural element, and the tragic hero seems to provoke the anger of the gods or the elements that have the power to control the universe. Death is seen as a release from suffering and pain, and the tragic hero often recognizes his weakness and is eventually resigned to his fate. 30 Though there can be difference, the typical structure of a tragedy is: introduction: which presents the main characters, setting and situation; development: which usually, but not always, contains the terrible act which provokes tragic consequences; climax: is often a point when the hero realizes his terrible mistake and/or the other characters suspect or know the truth; decline: this usually shows the loss of authority of the hero, and prepares the way for the Picture of the Greek catastrophe: which usually involves the death of the hero and the establishment philosopher of a new order. Aristotle. (clipart.com) Tragi-comedy, instead, is a play where tragic and comic elements mingle together, often to balance and reconcile conflicts. ROMANCE The romance is a genre which uses an idealized far-off world as a background for adventures and fantastic happenings. This world is often peopled by semi-divine creatures who control the action. In this world the ´human` characters develop, as they learn to live with others, love and forgive. Music usually plays an important role in this genre which always works towards final harmony. The romance is the opposite of the ironic vision. CONCLUDING TASK Now get into groups of five, read the summary of the first part of Lamb to the Slaughter, a short story by Roald Dahl, and turn it into a script. TEST O Lamb to the Slaughter by Roald Dahl (1954) Mary Maloney was looking forward to her husband coming home from work. She had already prepared the whisky, soda and ice cubes in the thermos bucket. Always a tranquil person, she was especially so now in her pregnancy. Her eyes were particularly placid as she sat sewing waiting for her husbnd whom she loved and trusted. When he came home, he was very tired and, in fact, did an unusual thing: he gulped down his whisky in one. Even more unusually, he poured himself another very strong drink. It was Thursday evening and they usually went out on Thursday evening. But he was very tired and so she suggested preparing something at home. He did not reply. When she went on to say she would get cheese and crackers, he said no. And at her proposal of lamb chops, he told her rudely to "forget it". But it was not until he told her to sit down, that she began to feel frightened. He started talking. He knew it would be a shock for her; in four or five minutes he explained everything. She watched him with horror, not wanting to believe him. He knew it was a bad time, he said, but of course he would see to her financilly and there need not be any fuss. She wanted to think she had imagined the whole thing, and thought that, if she just went about her usual routine, somehow she would find it had not even happened. She moved automatically, but felt nauseous. Like a robot, she went to the deep freeze, and took out the first object. She unwrapped it – a leg of lamb. She went back to the living room. Her husband was standing over by the window with his back to her. Without turning roudn, he told her not to prepare anything, because he was going out. She swung the leg of the lamb high in the air and crushed it down on his head. It was like hitting him with a steel club. 31 Divide yourselves like this and prepare the performance of your script. Student A: Director, will be responsible for understanding the meaning of the story. He/She should remain faithful to the original, use the devices and features he/she thinks most appropriate to enhance the nuances Student B and C: Assistant Directors will collaborate closely with the Director in choosing the props which must not be used arbitrarily, but are part of the meaning. Student D and E: the actors – Mary and her husband. 32


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Page 2's NBA Lockout Handbook index covers all the bases for NBA ...
DJ GalloPage 2's NBA Lockout Handbook advises players on proper behavior.
Story | Conversation | July 05, 2011 -
When money is hazardous to your health
Tim KeownWith all the violence against athletes, Tim Keown wonders whether there is a growing turf war between the haves and have-nots.
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Say "black athlete" and "crime" and what do you think? It's time ...
LZ GrandersonEddy Curry and Antoine Walker were both victims of frightening robberies, yet we haven't heard much about their cases. Why?
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Bad-shot Walker must make good
Scoop JacksonAntoine Walker is known for shooting too often and missing too much. But he's the key to Miami winning the title, writes Scoop Jackson.
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What's hot, not for the All-Star Game
Dan ShanoffThe posses haven't even arrived yet, but here's what's hot and what's not for All-Star Weekend.
Story | Conversation | February 05, 2003

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High School Sports
Dobson hoops teams celebrating section-success, seek more
Dobson's girls basketball team was identified as one of the teams to watch in Division I in the preseason. Coach Tyler Dumas' squad has done nothing to diminish that notion.
Dobson's boys basketball team wasn't the first folks thought of for contender status. The Mustangs and the dean of East Valley boys basketball coaches in terms of time spent at the same school (30 years), Rick McConnell, were somewhat down most soothsayers list in the prowess department. Perhaps at the latter end of a top-10 conversation.
With the regular season concluded on Saturday (Feb. 8), both Dobson teams are standing tall. Each won their section title (D-I, Section 3). Dobson's girls were a perfect 9-0 in section contests. Add its freedom games and the Lady Mustangs played the toughest schedule of any team in the Divsion I in fashioning a 25-2 record. They finished the regular season No. 1 in the power rankings.
Dobson's boys produced an 8-1 section mark that included victories over Pinnacle, Mesa Mountain View, Mesa High, Chaparral and Desert Mountain. Most, if not all of those conquered section foes, were more highly thought of at the dawn of the 2013-2014 campaign. Dobson is 19-7 and officially wrapped up its section title on Friday (Feb. 7) by beating Brophy Prep, 85-74, using Kairee Williams 21 points and five 3-pointers to pace the victory. They finished the regular season No. 6 in the power rankings.
Dumas and McConnell enjoy sharing the limelight their players and fans have brought. There is mutual support from the teams when the other one plays and the coaches have similar philosophies of how their teams perform on and off the court. In fact, Dumas started out under the tutelage of McConnell nearly 20 years ago.
"I worked under Rick as a varsity assistant from 1995-1998," Dumas said. "Then worked his summer camps while I coached at the junior high for 6 years before heading up to Dobson to coach the girls. So I say I am a twig on the McConnell coaching tree."
Dumas possess his deepest team in his nine-year tenure as head coach. Three starters returned in Tori Lloyd, Miyah Leith and Dyesha Stahley -- Lloyd and Leith finishing up outstanding four-year careers. The Lady Mustangs often employ 10 players and use that depth to advantage.
"The girls have met what I expected from them at the start of the year," Dumas said. "Our schedule was challenging, especially into early January. This is a fun group to work with and they like to have fun. They had a team sleep over the other night and I got TP'd. Got me good. They like to have fun away from the game, and have earned where they're at."
McConnell returned two of his top three scorers in Ryan Richardson and Kodi Justice so some firepower was in house. Several other returning varsity members were role players a year ago. They've moved into starting and key reserve roles that helped the team blossom into a unexpected section champ.
McConnell's team started the year slightly above .500. Narrow losses to Hamilton and Highland in early December signaled the Mustangs could hang. A rout of Salpointe in the Visitmesa.com Challenge and strong showing in a loss to Corona del Sol in the same tournament, kept players confidence on the upswing.
"Even with the losses to Highland and Hamilton early we were playing well," McConnell said. "A couple of them bounced between JV and varsity. They've all been steady. We've had six different guys lead us in scoring in a game. It's an unselfish team."
The greatest challenge in facing Dobson's boys this season is defending its perimeter shooting. Dobson has five players who have made 25 or more three-point field goals. All five (Richardson, Justice, Williams, Pablo Barriero and Mario Noriega) are shooting between 38 and 49 percent from three-point range. As a team Dobson is shooting 45 percent from behind the arc. Dobson averages better than 10 3s a game and has often scorched the nets for 14 or 15 3s in a contest.
Mike Mellinger and Hunter Thorpe have been challenged many nights by taller inside foes. They've managed to hold their own defensively, often against players with taller and by four inches and bulkier frames. Thorpe did so by making an abrupt transition from playing outside to inside this year.
"It was neat seeing the guys wrap up their section the other night," Dumas said. "There's a lot of excitement around school about our teams."
More work to be done for sure. But given their schedules and success to this point, nothing to cause either to take pause.
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I just bought my first gun. And I was wondering if I could get some opinions on what you guys think of 165 grain .40cal rounds versus the 180 grain. Does the gun cycle faster. I one better than the other in terms of home defense. Any advice is welcome.
Find a gun you like, practice with it, treat it like your baby, and you will be a good shot.
-My Father
Congratulations on the purchase of your first gun, it sounds like you are off to a good start with a G23.
For Home Defense purposes I would concentrate on the bullet nose design rather than bullet weight, and in that case I would choose a high quality Hollow Point. There are others on the forum who will probably respond to this post with good advice about which Hollow Point to use. For Home Defense I use my G17 (9mm) carrying 124-grain Jacketed Hollow Point ammunition.
I use 180-grain Winchester "White Box" (also known as "WWB") Q4238 full metal jacket .40 Smith & Wesson ammunition for USPSA competition shooting. It has a little less velocity than their 165-grain ammunition (marked "USA40SW"), which I find to be a little "snappy" and uncomfortable to shoot.
We commonly use a term called "Power Factor" to describe basic ammunition power. The formula for Power Factor is W x V/1,000, where W is the bullet weight in grains, and V is muzzle velocity in feet per second. That gives us a number that we can use to compare the recoil energy generated by the ammunition as well as a rough idea of its hitting power.
The 180-grain ammo I mentioned has a velocity of 1,020 FPS, for a Power Factor of 183.6. The 165-grain ammo has a velocity of 1,060 FPS for a power factor of 174.9. Even though the 180-grain I prefer has a higher Power Factor, it feels better to me in my gun (a G35), which has a compensator.
Last edited by cohland; 06-09-2012 at 09:11 AM.
"Better to remain silent and be thought a fool than to speak out and remove all doubt."
Abraham Lincoln
For defense in the .40 S&W round I went with the Federal HST 165 grain hollow point. It has proven weight retention of over 99% and expands to double it's size in a consistant star shape. This specific round meets and exceeds every one of the ballistic tests required by government agencies. For a complete explaination and to see the tests performed go to this link:
LE - Wound Ballistic Videos
click on pistol test. Also for a statistical comparison go here and you can compare 155, 165, and 180 grain:
LE - Tactical HST
The term "Undocumented Alien" is like calling a drug pusher an "Un-Licensed Pharmacist"
John, congrats on the G23, I love mine! If one does cycle the weapon faster than the other you'd never notice. Something to consider about bullet weights for defense: a heavier bullet tends to penetrate deeper (there's a lot of variables I.e you hit bone, velocity, etc) but for this arguments sake say a 165 Vs. 180 both moving at the same velocity, same exact conditions a 180 will penetrate deeper- think of a sportscar and pickup truck moving at the same speed hitting the same wall the truck would move more things out of its way.
When carrying a weapon for defense, some argue carry the heaviest weight, some argue carry a lighter weight that moves a little faster. I side with the latter, I carry 155 gr gold dot that moves at 1200fps as opposed to the 180gr that moves at 1050 (I think) both are moving very fast considering 115gr 9mm +p get moving at 1300+ fps for its weight.
The thinking is that a heavier bullet that tends to penetrate deeper (deep penetration is a good thing ballisticly, but can land you in trouble if it pokes out the back and hurts someone innocent) is more of a liability.
These are things I consider when choosing what ammo for what purposes, others will surely comment on why they disagree and that's a good thing, as not everyone's deciding factors are the same. For home defense I use 180gr gold dot because it's only me, my wife, and my dog all in the same room and if it were to over penetrate I don't have other lives in my house to consider, and have walls as a backdrop which will slow down the bullet significantly before it (heaven forbid) were to leave my house. I live far from other homes and that is also a factor to consider. I know people who choose 100gr frangible for apartment use (though I urge one of the 125/145gr all copper choices)
I hope I have been of some help, and haven't been too long winded. My last bit of advice is go with a bonded bullet. As mentioned above HST is a great round and is #2 on MY list. I just like the added benefit of bonded technology. Speer gold dot seems to be the leader, with winchesters new bonded rounds having a big following though I've seen numerous ammo tests showing inconsistent expansion
"One of the ordinary modes, by which tyrants accomplish their purposes without resistance, is, by disarming the people, and making it an offense to keep arms."
-- Constitutional scholar Joseph Story, 1840
"In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock."
-- Thomas Jefferson
These are all really good pieces of advice. Now that I have an idea about home defense rounds I need to become a way better shot. Back to the range and thanks guys.
Find a gun you like, practice with it, treat it like your baby, and you will be a good shot.
-My Father
Im a Federal LEO and we use Speer Gold Dot Hollow Points in 165 grain. If it good enough for the Feds it's good enough for my personal home defense.
As long as you pick reliable ammo and are comfortable with your choice I don't think you can go wrong with any of the premium hp's on the market. Federal Hydra Shocks or HST's......Gold Dots......Hornady Critical Defense (not Critical Duty) Winchesters Ranger or PDX1 There are more.
I would also note that if you have children then you might look at the lower grain weight to try and limit over penetration. In your home, you are at the advantage, so training(read practice) and awareness is much more important than bullet choice. Having a great, not good, flashlight might also be more important than bullet weight/ choice. Keep in mind that your priority if a BG is in your house needs to be safety of your family first and engaging the threat second. If the BG gets some loot and gets away while you are armed guarding your family then you have done your job and your homeowners insurance, and local LEA are up to bat.
"buckets of bullets" thats how you get better, if you think your pretty good, shoot another 10k rounds and you will be better.
Its just my opinion, I tend to prefer them over yours!
Qualifications 100's
BHarrison I think you make a extraordinary point. My priorities have been thought through now. Not that my family wouldn't have been in my mind but its a valid point. I always thought my situation would be keeping people out of my house. Never if they were already in. Thanks for the advice.
I know people who choose 100gr frangible for apartment use (though I urge one of the 125/145gr all copper choices)
Tenderoxcity where do you get those frangible rounds and are they hollowpoints?
Find a gun you like, practice with it, treat it like your baby, and you will be a good shot.
-My Father
I know people who choose 100gr frangible for apartment use (though I urge one of the 125/145gr all copper choices)
Tenderoxcity where do you get those frangible rounds and are they hollowpoints?[/QUOTE]
Check cheaperthandirt.com for them, no they are FMJ looking and are a soft copper shell around many many tiny (often tungsten) balls packed inside and upon impact they are released so it does not penetrate deep at all and instead dumps all of its energy in the first 5-7 inches. Not great ballistically but better than nothing.
I would suggest the all copper Barnes X bullets. Check out Doubletap.com and they offer pretty dang powerful loads in every caliber. I own and have shot them, they are snappy and powerful.
"One of the ordinary modes, by which tyrants accomplish their purposes without resistance, is, by disarming the people, and making it an offense to keep arms."
-- Constitutional scholar Joseph Story, 1840
"In matters of style, swim with the current; in matters of principle, stand like a rock."
-- Thomas Jefferson
here in phx i carry the same ammo as the ppd in the event i must shoot home or on the street i am useing what local le are carriering so when im in court the prosicuting attorny shit hope i spelled that right can not say i was useing bullet to kill a person i can say i have stopping ammo that are local pd is careing


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Links between the detritivore and the herbivore system: effects of earthworms and Collembola on plant growth and aphid development
- Stefan Scheu,
- Anne Theenhaus,
- T. Hefin Jones
- … show all 3 hide
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Effects of Collembola (Heteromurus nitidus and Onychiurus scotarius) and earthworms (Aporrectodea caliginosa and Octolasion tyrtaeum) on the growth of two plant species from different functional groups (Poa annua and Trifolium repens), and on the development of aphids (Myzus persicae) were investigated in a laboratory experiment lasting 20 weeks. Using soil from a fallow site which had been set aside for about 15 years, we expected that nitrogen would be of limited supply to plants and hypothesized that the soil animals studied, particularly earthworms, would increase nutrient availability to plants and thereby also modify aphid reproduction and development. Plant growth was modified strongly by the presence of soil animals. Earthworms caused a more than twofold increase in shoot and root mass of P. annua but increased that of T. repens by only 18% and 6%, respectively. However, earthworms neither affected plant shoot/root ratio nor the nitrogen concentration in plant tissue. In contrast, the presence of Collembola caused a reduction in plant biomass particularly that of P. annua roots, but plant tissue nitrogen concentration was increased, although only slightly. Aphid reproduction on T. repens was lowered in the presence of Collembola on average by 45% but on P. annua increased by a factor of about 3. It is concluded that Collembola decrease aphid reproduction on more palatable host plants like T. repens but increase that on less palatable ones like P. annua. Earthworm presence also affected aphid reproduction but the effect was less consistent than that of Collembola. In the presence of earthworms, aphid reproduction was in one experimental period increased by some 70%. Earthworms also modified the numbers of Collembola and their vertical distribution in experimental chambers. Exploitation of deeper soil layers by H. nitidus was increased but, generally, O. scotarius numbers were reduced whereas those of H. nitidus increased in earthworm treatments. The presence of Collembola also influenced earthworm body mass during the experiment. In general it declined, but in the presence of Collembola loss of body mass of A. caliginosa was more pronounced. We conclude that inhibiting effects between Collembola and earthworms resulted from the use of a common resource, litter material rich in nitrogen. This is supported by the higher C/N ratio of the litter material in the presence of earthworms and Collembola by the end of the experiment. Effects of soil invertebrates like Collembola and earthworms on plant performance and aphid development are assumed to be modified by complex direct and indirect interactions among soil animal groups.
- Title
- Links between the detritivore and the herbivore system: effects of earthworms and Collembola on plant growth and aphid development
- Journal
Volume 119, Issue 4 , pp 541-551
- Cover Date
- 1999-06-01
- 10.1007/s004420050817
- Print ISSN
- 0029-8549
- Online ISSN
- 1432-1939
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Keywords
- Key words Soil fauna
- Soil food web
- Herbivores
- Lumbricidae
- Springtails
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Stefan Scheu (A1)
- Anne Theenhaus (A2)
- T. Hefin Jones (A3)
- Author Affiliations
- A1. Institute of Zoology, Darmstadt University of Technology, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany e-mail: email@example.com, Tel.: +49-6151-163006, Fax: +49-6151-166111, DE
- A2. Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, University of Göttingen, Berliner Strasse 28, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany, DE
- A3. NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College at Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK, GB


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MJM magic shop is the best on the web. Forget about all the others. This is where you want to shop. The service is excellent.Read More ->
My first order and I'm impressed. Everything was of high quality and fairly priced. The shipping was prompt, and as a free service was very...Read More ->


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The Walking Dead Season 2 Discussion *Spoilers*
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April 2 2012, 09:43 PM
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Location: Atlanta, Georgia
Re: The Walking Dead Season 2 Discussion *Spoilers*
Cutter John wrote:
Libraries aren't the only source of books. Plenty of colleges out there.
I'm sure there'd still be plenty of cattle in the Midwest and the prairies. And if all else fails, buffalo are pretty good eating.
Which reminds me. Someone care to explain to me how a zombie that took the better part of an afternoon to pull its feet out of the mud managed to take down an adult cow?
Believe it or not in some rural parts of the South "cow tipping," is still a fun prank that teenagers like to take part in on farmers.
It's where a sleeping cow standing upright gets turned over.
If a teenager can tip over a sleeping cow I'd imagine that a crazed zombie would have no problems quickly devouring it.
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Date(s): 08/27/14 - 12/31/15
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Have the night to yourselves to enjoy an exclusive Italian dinner at Andiamo while overlooking the Detroit River. Conveniently located inside the Renaissance Center and just an elevator ride away from your luxurious room at the Detroit...
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Package includes two nights accommodations, full made-to-order breakfast each morning, $75 gift certificate for dinner to either Boone's Long Lake Inn or Harrington's By the Bay, six pack beer sampler, choice of two Lake 'N Pine wine...
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Redby men plead guilty in Red Lake Reservation shooting death
Published 11/17/2011, Grand Forks Herald
Two Redby, Minn., men pleaded guilty Thursday in connection with a shooting death that left one man dead and two others injured last year on the Red Lake Indian Reservation.
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Rep. Glenn Nye on disabled vets and fraud in gov't contracts
Companies fraudulently collected at least $100 million in federal contracts from a $4 billion government program designated for disabled military veterans who run small businesses, congressional investigators charge.
Tags: contracting , GAO , Glenn Nye , House Small Business Subcommittee on Contracting a
Business.gov gets a makeover
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Three agencies receive service awards at IRMCO
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SBA Administrator Mills says Recovery Act benefitting small businesses
Agency to promote stimulus contract opportunities in more than 200 events around the country. Mills says more than $2.2 billion has gone to small firms.
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CIOs cautiously optimistic about OMB's IT dashboard
Federal CIO tells agencies to prepare to make more project data publicly available. Approach diverges from Bush administration scorecard.
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Senate bill attempts to improve HUBZone program
Sen. Snowe co-authors new legislation to implement many of the recommendations by GAO to improve the small business contracting program.
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White House wants to open channels for small businesses
A new Web portal will bring information on all federal agency services for small firms into one place. At the 29th Annual Minority Enterprise Development Week conference, White House officials highlighted how they are holding agencies accountable for meeting governmentwide small business goals.
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Bill aims to close small biz contract loopholes
The proposal by Sen. Claire McCaskill (D-Mo.) would establish no more than 20 industries as categories and size standards based on the current Economic Census.
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SBA shares tips for hiring reform
President Barack Obama's order to streamline hiring requires agencies to complete the process in 80 days. Federal News Radio asked Kevin Mahoney, chief human capital officer at the Small Business Administration, to provide tips for success.
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What's New
House Committee Passes Bills Denying Homes to Foster Children
Legislators serving on the Michigan House Committee on Families, Children, and Seniors have passed three bills out of committee, House Bills 4188 (LaFontaine-32), 4189 (Santana-9), and 4190 (Leutheuser-58), which would allow taxpayer funded adoption agencies the ability to deny an adoption placement based on that agency's moral or religious beliefs. Equality Michigan's director of political advocacy, Sommer Foster, testified against the bills, alongside parents and advocates from partner organizations.
Roseville Doctor refuses to treat baby with two Moms
An Oak Park couple was denied care by a Roseville pediatrician, Dr. Vesna Roi, for their 6-day-old daughter born last October. The couple had previously met with Dr. Roi, but when they showed up later for their first appointment, a different doctor at the practice notified the couple that Dr. Roi would be unable to treat their child after she had prayed on it. Does this represent Michigan's values? We don't think so.
Manchester schools engaged in debate over use of bathrooms by transgender students
Earlier this week, the Manchester Community Schools Board of Education engaged in a public discussion over the use of bathrooms by transgender students at Manchester High School. Currently the school allows transgender students to utilize bathrooms associated with their gender identity. Currently, there is no legal precedent on the use of bathrooms in Michigan.
They are trying to deny homes to children...yet again...
Seriously, this is getting old. Extremists are once again trying to add hate to Michigan adoptions and deny homes to children in need. Apparently they did not get the hint the last time we killed these bills - so here we go again. This week, members of the Michigan House of Representatives will have their first Families, Children, and Seniors committee hearing on House Bills 4188 (LaFontaine-32), 4189 (Santana-9), and 4190 (Leutheuser-58), which would allow adoption agencies the ability to deny an adoption placement based on that agency's moral or religious beliefs.
US Commision on Civil Rights Appoints LGBTQ Community Leaders to its Michigan Advisory Committee
On Thursday, January 29, 2015, the US Commission on Civil Rights appointed members of its Michigan Advisory Committee. Among those appointed are openly-LGBTQ advocates Emily Dievendorf, executive director of Equality Michigan, and Jon Hoadley, State Representative for Michigan's 60th House District. Director of the Michigan Department of Civil Rights, Matthew Wesaw, was also appointed, and Donna Budnick will serve as the new chair of the committee.
Michigan to Recognize 300+ Marriage Licenses Issued to Same-Sex Couples in March 2014
Equality Michigan congratulates and celebrates with the over 300 couples whose commitment to each other is now recognized by their homestate. This is a great start for Michigan, but we now have two classes of LGBTQ citizens - those who were able to marry and those without the freedom to marry. While we appreciate the Governor's actions today, we have not forgotten that all of us, including Governor Snyder, have more work to do before Michigan will find itself on the right side of history.
Equality Michigan Responds to Governor Snyder's Call to Continue Negotiations on Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act
During his 2015 State of the State Address tonight, Michigan Governor Rick Snyder renewed his call on the Michigan Legislature to continue discussions on updates to the Elliott-Larsen Civil Rights Act. The Michigan Legislature failed to act on this important economic issue this past session, despite a fully-inclusive update having support from the LGBTQ communities, business leaders, and members of both political parties. During his speech, the Governor said, "The other thing I call for is a continuation of the dialogue and discussion on Elliott-Larsen. And I appreciate the prior discussions that were had, but let's keep up that dialogue and show we can deal with issues of discrimination in our state."
In celebration of black voices
This Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Equality Michigan celebrates and shines a bright light on interconnectedness. We ask that our LGBTQ communities claim individual and collective responsibility for fairness and justice for all. The LGBTQ community is a demographic within almost every demographic. The fight for racial equality is inherently ours because LGBTQ people are also people of color. But the fights for racial equity and equality are also ours because we are indeed our brother's keeper - for the sake of justice and humanity in general. While we ask that the nation open its eyes to bigotry against us we will not close our own eyes to the bigotry that plagues others based on equally irrational and arbitrary biases. Still, today and always... #BlackLivesMatter


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Everything secret degenerates; nothing is safe that does not bear discussion and publicity.
Lord Acton Dalberg (1834 - 1902)
Contributed by: Zaady
Be more severe to ideas than to actions; do not over look the strength of the bad cause or the weakness of the good.
Source: "Inaugural Lecture on The Study of History," Cambridge, 11 Jun 1895.
Looking outward to the blackness of space, sprinkled with the glory of a universe of lights, I saw majesty - but no welcome. Below was a welcoming planet. There, contained in the thin, moving, incredibly fragile shell of the biosphere is everything that is dear to you, all the human drama and comedy. That's where life is; that's where all the good stuff is.
A wise person does at once, what a fool does at last. Both do the same thing; only at different times.
There is no error so monstrous that it fails to find defenders among the ablest men.
The most certain test by which we judge whether a country is really free is the amount of security enjoyed by minorities.
Source: The History of Freedom in Antiquity
Writers the most learned, the most accurate in details, and the soundest in tendency, frequently fall into a habit which can neither be cured nor pardoned - the habit of making history into the proof of their theories.
Source: Letter to Mary Gladstone, 24 April 1881.
There are two things which cannot be attacked in front: ignorance and narrow-mindedness. They can only be shaken by the simple development of the contrary qualities. They will not bear discussion.
Source: Letter, 23 Jan 1861; in Lord Acton and his Circle, ed. Abbot Gasquet, 1906.
Liberty is not a means to a higher political end. It is itself the highest political end.


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Freedom of the Press Under Siege
If all mankind minus one, were of one opinion, and one, and only one person were of the contrary opinion, mankind would be no more justified in silencing that one person, than he, if he had the power, would be justified in silencing mankind.
John Stuart Mill
Freedom of the press appears to be under siege in what used to be thought of as free nations.
But Tory Maria Miller said leaders still needed to discuss details.
Go here to BBC News to read the appalling rest. Politicians tend to hate the media covering them and that is to be expected. Few of us like to be criticized, and politicians tend to have bigger egos than most. That is precisely however why a media free of any form of government control is so important. The natural tendency is for those wielding political power to seek to co-opt those members of the media friendly to them and to neuter those who are not. That is precisely why the Founding Fathers put into the First Amendment the guarantee of freedom of the press and took from Congress the power to regulate the press, because they understood this natural tendency and wished to erect a barrier against it. Freedom is rarely lost all at once. It is lost over time, by fragments. This attempt to regulate the media is one such fragment of freedom lost.
3 Responses to Freedom of the Press Under Siege
but the real question is, did Churchill have topless Page 3 girls in mind when he said that
Neither is the press free when it voluntarily becomes an arm of the state.
Only TRUTH has Freedom of speech and of the press, the TRUTH, the whole TRUTH, and nothing but the TRUTH.


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The Journal Sentinel's team of Packers beat writers provide the latest news, notes and analysis
Packers' Murphy part of CBA talks
Green Bay - Green Bay Packers' president Mark Murphy said Wednesday that the league and the players' union met on Tuesday to discuss a proposal to move to an 18-game regular season.
Murphy, who is on the negotiating committee for the NFL, said the two sides spent a couple of hours discussing the impact that a change from a 16-game to 18-game season would have on the players.
"We took a comprehensive look at everything we ask of players: the off-season, OTAs, training camp, practices," Murphy said.
Murphy said the two sides had a "good discussion."
"Our goal is to minimize the impact to the extent possible what the move would have on injuries," Murphy said.
The proposal to go to 18 games has to be negotiated with the players, as well as the TV networks, he said.
The current deal with the players expires in March. There is fear of a lockout, and union officials say they are preparing for that possibility.
The players' union also made a proposal on rookie wages. Murphy declined to provide details of the proposal.


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- Home
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Lincoln Dealers Chicago, IL
Showing Lincoln dealers within 25 miles of Chicago, IL Edit search
Authorized Lincoln Dealers
1. Ogden Lincoln 18.9 miles
100 West Ogden Avenue
Westmont, IL 60559
"They responded very quick ... good people"
2. Napleton Lincoln Glenview 16.7 miles
1610 Waukegan Rd
Glenview, IL 60025
"Very responsive to my emails, found a similar car closer to home."
3. Napleton Lincoln Blue Island 15.2 miles
2950 127th St
Blue Island, IL 60406
(708) 385-4500
"Did not buy a car here, but they had the best communication of any of the dealerships I've dealt with."
4. Fox Ford Lincoln 2.1 miles
2401 South Michigan Avenue
Chicago, IL 60616
(312) 605-4200
"got back to me right away"
5. Highland Park Ford Lincoln 23.7 miles
1333 Park Avenue West
Highland Park, IL 60035
"Excellent service at a great price!! Go in and see Gus."
6. Napleton Lincoln River Oaks 19.5 miles
1777 River Oaks Dr
Calumet City, IL 60409
"So far ok. I did purchase a vehicle from them and there are some issues with it but so far they are resolving them. Not completed yet but they are working and agreeing on them"
7. Schaumburg Lincoln 24.9 miles
1200 E Golf Rd
Schaumburg, IL 60173
"I received a quick response and this is another dealership that I would feel comfortable to purchase ( though I found a car elsewhere) because they seemed authentic and truly helpful and interested in what I needed. "
8. Terry's Lincoln 20.7 miles
9401 W. 143rd St.
Orland Park, IL 60462
9. Executive Fleet Sales 9.6 miles
7100 N Ridgeway
Chicago, IL 60645
(847) 674-7748
Dealers With Used Lincoln Inventory
1. Your Choice Autos 17.9 miles
3128 W 147th St.
Posen, IL 60469
(708) 769-7305
"Good "
2. Ogden Lincoln 18.9 miles
100 West Ogden Avenue
Westmont, IL 60559
"They responded very quick ... good people"
3. Nelson Automotive 20.3 miles
1801 S Busse Rd
Mount Prospect, IL 60056
"prompt call when mailed"
4. Lexus of Orland 21.7 miles
8300 W 159th St
Orland Park, IL 60462
"Good "
5. AutoMatch USA - Chicago 14.6 miles
9040 Waukegan Rd
Morton Grove, IL 60053
"Ralph was very helpful I wasn't looking to buy a car right away and there was no pressure to sell me one"
Find a Dealer
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Celebrities Wearing Denim
Blue Jean Baby: 31 Celeb-Approved Ways to Do Denim
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Blue Jean Baby: 31 Celeb-Approved Ways to Do Denim
Denim is a year-round staple, but in the summertime, we naturally gravitate toward tinier pieces and lighter hues. Because we don't want to neglect our favorite denim pieces, we're looking to 31 stylish looks by celebrities — including Jennifer Aniston, Julianne Hough, Natalie Portman, Hailee Steinfeld, Nicole Richie, and Olivia Palermo — for ideas on how to put them in rotation during the warmer months.
One way is the classic denim jacket, but there are also denim cutoffs, minidresses, blazers, and tanks. To get the full blue jean scoop, you'll want to get inspired by these stars.
Read More Summer FashionHailee SteinfeldOlivia PalermoCelebrity StyleDenimKate BosworthSienna Miller
1 year
I'm pretty shocked to be honest, out of 31 looks, I don't see anything fresh and exciting at all. Seriously guys what's going on?
Link Love
- Our TV worlds are totally colliding — Lucky
- These birthday gifts are perfect for your Aries BFF — Who What Wear
- Whoa — Cara Delevingne is really into the whole acting thing, huh? — The Cut
- Emma Roberts can't get enough of this leopard coat — InStyle
- What to wear if you aren't digging the whole '70s trend — Racked
- So Bloomingdale's just got its very own . . . dance? — HuffPost Style
- This practical trick will help you stop impulse buying — SheFinds
- This Etsy collaboration is definitely different — Style.com
- All those "new" trends might not be so new after all — Man Repeller
Latest Fashion


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Your Weekly Forecast for Jan. 27
Get the Latest Sign-By-Sign January Horoscope
By Kelli Fox, The Astrologer and Lifescript Horoscope Expert
Published January 22, 2013
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Currently 3/5 Stars.
Kelli Fox, The Astrologer
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Kelli Fox, The Astrologer
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Kelli Fox, The Astrologer
The True Test of a Relationship
What Your Plastic Surgeon Won't Tell You
How To Become A CPA
The Power of Silence
A Slow Process: The Management of Change
The stars' lesson this week is to think hard before you do or speak; otherwise, be prepared for a fallout or misunderstanding. What else should you watch out for? Lifescript Horoscope Expert Kelli Fox shares what's in store in your weekly forecast...
The influence of the Leo Full Moon will still be in effect and may bring to light boorish behavior. An overbearing attitude isn't the best approach.
After three months of backward motion, expansive Jupiter turns direct on Wednesday. It's time to reach for the sky and put any stalled plans back into motion.
On Friday, love planet Venus moves into Aquarius, while passion planet Mars slides into Pisces. During the next few weeks, have compassion for others. Philanthropic ventures will bring the most rewards.
Get more in your sign's weekly forecast.
Weekly forecast for Aries (March 21 – April 19)
Some friendly competition is in the air this week, Ram – but take note of the key word here, 'friendly.' The stars are certainly aligned in your favor, and you're a natural at going head to head with others; proving your mettle is in your blood. But it's important now to be genuine in your every move. Be honest and fair, and don't try anything underhanded, even if you're certain it would give you the edge to win. If you do, you'll face an outcome you hadn't planned on. Besides, why not trust yourself to win on your own merits?
Weekly forecast for Taurus (April 20 – May 20)
People from faraway places could make or break you this week. Don't worry – more than likely, you'll come out on top. Just be forewarned that your success could depend on your willingness to do a bit of brown-nosing. That might rub you the wrong way; you'd rather put one foot in front of the other and get the job done in your capable, dependable way. You may think it's unfair to have to curry anyone's favor; others should trust in your reliability. Still, right now, you're better off being extra servile. Think of it as a form of insurance.
Weekly forecast for Gemini (May 21 – June 20)
You aren't the type to avoid other people – you're too social for that – and that's a good thing this week, when your time is best spent with neighbors or siblings. If you listen up, you'll find that they possess some surprisingly useful information. Perhaps they'll tell an off-the-cuff story, or relate a crazy anecdote. It won't seem like much on the surface, and if you aren't paying attention, you could miss it altogether. But if you're tuned in, you could realize they've actually made quite a convincing argument – one that changes your plans entirely.
Weekly forecast for Cancer (June 21 – July 22)
This week, your significant other seems to hold all the cards, which isn't the most comfortable position for you to be in. In fact, you may feel downright backed into a corner. And the only way out is to find a compromise – something you may not feel ready or able to do. If you truly care about each other, you'll figure out a way. Just make sure there are no strings attached. Otherwise, you'll end up feeling like a puppet, and you're already insecure enough. Find a solution that gives you both a sense of power.
Weekly forecast for Leo (July 23 – Aug. 22)
Let's be honest, Leo – sometimes you can be quite the glory hog! That tendency is on high this week as the stars conspire to puff you up with your own radiance. It's not that you aren't brilliant – you most definitely are. It's just that other people can have trouble stomaching it when you come across as arrogant or boastful. If you start getting the sense that people aren't exactly showering you with praise, take it as a sign that it's time to tone it down. If you don't, the damage could be irreversible.
Weekly forecast for Virgo (Aug. 23 – Sept. 22)
You may be used to operating quietly in the background, Virgo. After all, you aren't exactly the type to boast about your brilliance or aggressively push your agenda onto others. Thus, this week could come as a surprise as suddenly, your words and wisdom start having a powerful impact on everyone around you. Best of all, you'll love the satisfaction that comes from getting to the heart of a matter – not to mention the sense of control that it brings. Just remember, not everyone is feeling quite as insightful as you are. Don't gloat or rub it in!
Weekly forecast for Libra (Sept. 23 – Oct. 22)
What a week, huh, Libra? You're probably wishing you could take a vacation – even if you just got back from one recently. Family dynamics are currently turning your world upside-down; in fact, they may have been doing so for quite some time now. Good thing you aren't aggressive, because it's best not to respond in kind. Doing so would just be sinking to their level, and you don't want to get mixed up in petty squabbles. Turn your focus resolutely toward the big picture. Remember, sooner or later, this, too, shall pass.
Weekly forecast for Scorpio (Oct. 23 – Nov. 21)
As much as you might be tempted to engage in a power-play this week, Scorpio, you're better off avoiding it. If you do take up the gauntlet, you'll likely underestimate your opponent and end up coming out second best. That's not the best way to use your extra energy – and you do have energy to spare right now. Rather than wasting it on a round of cage fighting, channel it toward yourself. Do some yoga or meditation, write in your journal, or work in a sweaty, vigorous exercise session. You'll feel so much more level and clear-headed.
Weekly forecast for Sagittarius (Nov. 22 – Dec. 21)
If you're like most of us, your wallet isn't a bottomless pit, and you probably don't have a money tree growing in your backyard. Your fluid way with finances isn't going to cut it this week, Sagittarius. Not only that, but sweat equity will only take you so far. If you don't start making smarter choices, there's sure to be rain on your parade. If you need help getting your debt or spending under control, seek guidance from a trusted and levelheaded friend, or better yet, an expert in the field. You'll learn something valuable.
Weekly forecast for Capricorn (Dec. 22 – Jan. 19)
This week, you're operating on pure instinct. This may be quite a change for you, Capricorn; normally, you're careful to plan out every move you make. On the one hand, why not just go with it? Don't second-guess yourself; follow your gut and see where it leads you. You'll probably be glad you did. Just remember that it's important to maintain perspective, especially when it comes to financial matters. Even when you're thinking on your feet, make sure your plans are practical and prudent, not radical or rebellious.
Weekly forecast for Aquarius (Jan. 20 – Feb. 18)
Goodness, Aquarius – is your naughty button switched on this week, or what? In your current state of mind, there's nothing more fun than entertaining yourself by catching other people off guard. Sure, it's fun to be wacky and unpredictable for the sake of cheap thrills. But at some point, you'll have to ask yourself whether it's really worth the effort – and the fallout. In your mind, you're just having a little fun, but other people could start to see you as erratic or even volatile. Perhaps it's time to consider using your excess energy for something more worthwhile.
Weekly forecast for Pisces (Feb. 19 – March 20)
You possess the selfless soul of a giver, Pisces – someone whose instinct is always to help others before you help yourself. But this week, it's time to take advantage of the help that's available to you, perhaps right under your nose. If you think about it, you'll realize you have plenty of friends and family members in high places. Don't be afraid to ask them for favor now. You'll be surprised at the accolades you receive for your wisdom – not to mention your charm, compassion and romantic appeal. Go ahead, bask in their praise!
Kelli Fox is a certified astrologer, co-founder of The Astrologer Inc. (
) and Lifescript horoscope expert. Kelli is a member the American Federation of Astrologers, National Council for Geocosmic Research and International Society for Astrological Research. In 1995, Kelli founded Astrology.com, which became the largest astrology website. She currently publishes daily horoscopes and planetary updates, annual forecasts and compatibility reports for The Astrologer and her iPhone app, "Today's Horoscope."
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text:
Does it scan unopened emails?
- Asked by George R from Tallahassee
- Nov 14, 2011
ESET Cybersecurity for Mac
Product No Longer Available
1 Answer from the Community
It scans all emails that are locally downloaded, which includes unopened ones. So if you use an email client (e.g., Mail), it will scan when the emails are downloaded onto your computer.
- Answered by Eset S
- Nov 22, 2011


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Containment Increases On Kelley Fire
Near Featherville, Idaho ( KMVT-TV / KTWT-TV ) Crews continue to make progress on the Kelley Fire burning seven miles southeast of Featherville.
According to InciWeb, containment has jumped to 65% and more and more firefighters are being released from this incident. While other firefighting assets are moved to the active portions along the eastern perimeter. The lightning–caused fire is about 17,000 acres in size with 470 personnel assigned. |
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Extreme Canadian Horror: 5 Movie Collection
Hankering for a pack of Canadian Horror? MVD has just released a tasty 5-pack (for one low price) featuring 5 films directly off the R Squared films line. Included are: Abolition, Aegri Somnia, Long Pigs, I Heart Doomsday, Werewolf Fever. A great way to get your fill of horror films with a Canadian spin on them. We got all 5 synopsis below to gear ya up: Abolition: