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Search Vancity Theatre Films
Margarita, With a Straw
Doors at 6pm, Film at 7pm
A young woman with cerebral palsy lives with her family in Delhi. Her efforts towards romance and self-expression are frustrated until she receives a scholarship to study creative writing and moves to Manhattan. There she falls in love with a fiery young activist and embarks on a journey of sexual and self discovery. When her new relationship upsets her parents, and dramatic events occur, she is challenged to meet new responsibilities while remaining true to herself.
Kalki Koechlin delivers a powerful performance in this inspirational story of love, independence, and determination.
Preceded by the short film: Skin (US, 11 min)
Not just a celebration of the New York Review of Books (though it is certainly that), Martin Scorsese and David Tedescho's documentary chronicles many of the historical, political and cultural landmarks of the past half century, through the prism of that august publication's intellectual insight and rigour. Along the way, they interview (or unearth archival footage of) some of the finest minds of the period, including Joan Didion, Gore Vidal, Susan Sontag, Norman Mailer, Noam Chomsky, Stephen Jay Gould, Andrei Sakharov, Vaclev Havel, Oliver Sacks and James Baldwin. As you might expect, the film sparkles with wit and wisdom, erudition and elucidation.
"A bracing film about the value of radical ideas and the importance of being courageous enough to consider them." Norman Wilner, Now
Yogananda was the Hindu Swami who brought yoga and meditation to the West in the 1920s. Paramahansa Yogananda authored the spiritual classic Autobiography of a Yogi, which has sold millions of copies worldwide and is a go-to book for seekers, philosophers and yoga enthusiasts today. This unconventional documentary has won critical plaudits everywhere it has screened.
"Fittingly enlightening, Awake: The Life of Yogananda is a vivid, elegantly assembled portrait of the savvy guru with the cherubic face and penetrating gaze who brought meditation to the West." — Michael Rechtschaffen, LA Times
"Gentle sitar music, languorous camerawork and soothing narration ... This could be a good movie to do yoga by." — The New York Times
The most impressive debut feature of the year also happens to be the scariest. This tale of an anguished single mom (an incredible performance from Essie Davies), her monstrous six-year-old, and the storybook bogeyman who terrorizes their home is guaranteed to chill you to the bone.
"One of the strongest, most effective horror films of recent years - with awards-quality lead work from Essie Davis, and a brilliantly designed new monster who could well become the break-out spook archetype of the decade." — Kim Newman, Empire
"Managing to scare an audience silly with original imagery and non-formulaic jolts is no mean feat [...] Managing to move us at the same time is close to miraculous." — Tim Robey, Daily Telegraph
"Deeply disturbing and unusually beatiful." — Variety
Imagine a punk Freddy Kruger let loose in Office Space… Or don't, that's the kind of lazy daydream which keeps cynical scam artist Marty (Jason Burge) busy during his temp job at a bank. That is, when he's not figuring out dumb ways to embezzle from his employers. This dark and melancholy tragi-comedy signals the maturation of a singular new voice in American independent cinema.
"A vigorous and strangely compelling character study, a sustained burst of punk-rock ferocity, and one of the most original American films to emerge in some time." — Calum Marsh, Village Voice
"The movie, though it is aggressively satirical and sometimes shocking, is in the end hauntingly sad." — AO Scott, New York Times
Don José (Jonas Kaufmann) is a young soldier in the army in Seville. He intends to marry Micaëla, a girl from his home village, but when he meets the sensual and high-spirited Carmen (Anna Caterina Antonacci), his head is soon turned…Spanish heat and gypsy passion are brought to the stage in Francesca Zambello's vivid production of Bizet's famous opera.
Sung in French with English subtitles
Acts One and Two will last for about 1 hour 50 minutes, followed by a 15 minute interval. Act Three will last for about 1 hour 5 mins.
In January 2013, filmmaker Laura Poitras was in the process of constructing a film about abuses of national security in post-9/11 America when she started receiving encrypted e-mails from someone identifying himself as "citizen four," who was ready to blow the whistle on the massive covert surveillance programs run by the NSA and other intelligence agencies. In June 2013, she and reporter Glenn Greenwald flew to Hong Kong for the first of many meetings with the man who turned out to be Edward Snowden. She brought her camera with her.
"The documentary of the year may also be its most hair-raising thriller." — Liam Lacey, Globe and Mail
"This patient, beautiful, painful, engrossing film pits husband and wife against each other and their world in a series of extended conversations/confrontations." — Alan Scherstuhl, Village Voice
"Tense and frightening ... a primal political fable for the digital age." — New York Times
A rare chance to revisit this singularly strange, radical environmental, aboriginal rights drama from the Polish filmmaker Ryszard Bugajski (Closed Circuit; The Interrogation). Graham Greene gives the performance of his career as Arthur, who is either a pissed-off warrior on a rampage against a mill encroaching on his people's land, or a trickster spirit manifesting to teach an ineffectual liberal lawyer (Ron Lea) a lesson about the need for action - unless he's both?
Kasper Holten, ROH Director of Opera, presents a mesmerizing new production of Mozart's sublime tragicomedy. The impulsive and charismatic Don Giovanni travels through Europe seducing women, accompanied by his long-suffering servant Leporello. When he commits murder, he unleashes vengeance from beyond the grave.
Documentary about the Portuguese singer Camané and the process of creating one of fado's key works, revealing a rigorous search that allows him to achieve masterful interpretations. Featuring music by José Mário Branco, Raul Ferrão, Frutuoso França, Sérgio Godinho, Alfredo Marceneiro, Alain Oulman.
An Israeli woman seeking to finalize a divorce (gett) from her estranged husband finds herself effectively put on trial by her country's religious marriage laws, in this powerhouse courtroom drama from sibling directors Shlomi and Ronit Elkabetz. Winner of the Israeli Film Academy Ophir Award for Best Picture and propelled by the craft of Ronit Elkabetz (Late Marriage; The Band's Visit), one of Israeli cinema's most acclaimed actresses, Gett: The Trial of VIvian Amsalem is an uncompromising, heart-rending portrait of a woman's struggle to overcome an unmoving patriarchy and live a life of her own design.
"Expertly written, brilliantly acted…The beautifully modulated script, ripe with moments of liberating humor, builds to a crescendo of indignation, allowing Elkabetz several cathartic outbursts, but they're no more riveting than the actress' silences." Jay Weissberg, Variety
"The action quivers with tension, impatience, comic heat, and, beneath it all, an irrepressible rage." Anthony Lane, The New Yorker
"Hypnotic… Gripping cinema from start to finish." Manohla Dargis, New York Times
The first Iranian Vampire Western ever made, Ana Lily Amirpour's debut basks in the sheer pleasure of pulp. A joyful mash-up of genre, archetype, and iconography, its prolific influences span spaghetti westerns, graphic novels, horror films, and the Iranian New Wave.
"Amirpour has crafted a beguiling, cryptic and often surprisingly funny look at personal desire that creeps up on you with the nimble powers of its supernatural focus. The director combines elements of film noir and the restraint of Iranian New Wave cinema with the subdued depictions of a bored youth culture found in early Jim Jarmusch ... The comparisons go on and on, but the result is wholly original." —Eric Kohn, Indiewire
"A wildly inventive Iranian vampire movie that grabs you by the throat with its dark, moody style, pulsating soundtrack and offbeat love story." —David Lewis, San Francisco Chronicle
Populated by gorgeous misfits and propelled by effervescent pop songs, this jubilant indie musical from Belle & Sebastian lynchpin Stuart Murdoch depicts a critical juncture for three young Glaswegians when it seems they've no other option than starting a band. Affectionate nods to the French New Wave, A Hard Day's Night and Bill Forsyth's Scottish fables abound as Murdoch offers us a minor key fairy tale about how music may just salvage an otherwise dreary Glasgow summer.
"Murdoch spins poetic, kitchen-sink tales of bad sex and messy break-ups and hopeless romantics in search of true love. On God Help the Girl, his directing debut, he has fashioned his songs into a narrative daisy-chain and hung them around his heroine's neck. That it's pretty and fragile is surely half the point ... It's warm and generous ... Even non-believers will acknowledge the film's utter sincerity. It may be indulgent, but it means what it says." — Xan Brooks, Guardian
Pasolini was a Marxist and an atheist, but above all he was a poet, and his film of the life of Christ gives us the feeling that we are there, with Jesus, cinema-vrite style. This is also the most contemplative film about Christ.
Guest Michael Audain is chairman of Polygon Homes, Chair of the Audain Art Museum and the Audain Foundation. He is also the first Honorary Chairman of the Vancouver Art Gallery, a past Chair of the National Gallery of Canada, the Vancouver Art Gallery, and the Vancouver Art Gallery Foundation.
Polish-born, UK-based filmmaker Pawlikowski (My Summer of Love) returns to his native land for this evocative, resonant art film about a novice nun discovering a family secret in the 1960s. Beautifully shot in black and white, this award-winning drama has been compared to the work of Francois Truffaut and Robert Bresson.
"In a very short time, Pawlikowski's film tells us a powerful, poignant story with fine, intelligent performances." — Peter Bradshaw, The Guardian
"This story of faith and despair is gracefully told, its simple, uncluttered spaces and luminous black-and-white photography harking back to Robert Bresson." — JR Jones, Chicago Reader
"It's absolutely stunning, one of the year's best films, and a fulfillment of the promise that the director has shown for so long." — Oli Lyttleton, Indiewire
Something wicket this way comes… In this terrifying cult movie in the making, a teenager is stalked by a shape-shifting nemesis, and the only escape is to pass this walking vendetta onto somebody else - through sexual congress.
"The most exciting film in Cannes… Tender, remarkably ingenious and scalp-pricklingly scary." Tim Robey, Daily Telegraph
"In this 2014 sequel to the award-winning You've Been Trumped, director
Anthony Baxter once again follows American billionaire Donald Trump and a cast of other greedy characters who want to turn some of the Earth's most precious places into golf courses and playgrounds for the super rich."
This event is $10 and includes a panel discussion/Q&A and a dinner buffet/beverages.
Directors Kelly Nyks and Jared P. Scott's 2013 film "chronicles 'America's leading environmentalist,' Bill McKibben, in a David-vs-Goliath battle to fight the fossil fuel industry and change the terrifying math of the climate crisis." This event is $5 and includes a panel discussion/Q&A and snacks/beverages.
Micah Smith's 2013 Honor Diaries "is the first film to break the silence on 'honor violence' against women and girls. Honor Diaries is more than a movie, it is a movement to save women and girls from human rights abuses around the world." This event is $5 and includes a panel discussion/Q&A and snacks/beverages.
Inspired by the true story of a Japanese office worker who travelled from Tokyo to wintery North Dakota to dig up the loot buried by Steve Buscemi at the end of Fargo, this piquant gem is a funny but poignant portrait of madness and obsession. It also opens up an intriguing dialogue between the Zellner Brothers' brand of humane comedy and the Coens' quirky original.
"Inspirational and devastating." Eric Kohn, Indiewire


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As we say goodbye to 2014, we find ourselves wasting no time plowing through the first week of 2015. As your partners in Melbourne, FL web design we'd like
Did your Instagram account lose followers over this past week? The popular app took notice of the rampant amount of fake and spam accounts, and then took action. According
We've all heard the hype surrounding Apple's release of their iPhone 6 Plus and maybe even bought into it. But is the phablet (a smartphone with a screen between
At Black Tie Digital Marketing we proudly use a variety of Apple products each and every day to better serve our clients. As a digital marketing agency staying on the
At Black Tie Digital Marketing we are always looking for bigger and better ways to improve your business's web presence. As a Yext Certified Partner we often receive updates
At Black Tie Digital Marketing we hope that you had a wonderful Thanksgiving holiday and are enjoying the beginning of a beautiful holiday season. As your Melbourne, FL social media
At Black Tie Digital Marketing, we are no strangers to our Christian faith within the workplace. As Thanksgiving approaches we are reminded just how blessed we are and would

subset: commoncrawl


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An extensive range of services and facilities offers guests of the hotel the opportunity of combining business and relaxation. The hotel offers non-smoking rooms. All rooms feature a living room, a kitchen and a bathroom. Guests will also find a balcony in most rooms. The accommodation units each feature a double bed. Extra beds can be requested. In addition, a fridge, a microwave and tea and coffee making equipment are available. Also included as standard is a washing machine and an ironing set. Guests can enjoy a comfortable holiday with convenient amenities, including internet access, a TV and wireless internet access. In each of the bathrooms, guests will find a shower and a hairdryer. Sport and leisure options are offered by the hotel and third-party operators. The hotel offers an outdoor pool. Leisure options at the hotel also include golf and a spa.
Get Rates |
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ASUS "Republic of Gamers" Commando - P965 to the limits
Commando, our third ASUS "Republic of Gamers" Intel P965 motherboard, is under the spotlight today - is it any good?
By now every man and his dog know just how good Core 2 based computers are in terms of raw performance as well as its thermal characteristics. Intel finally got the message; Pentium 4 was a dud, as it couldn't beat a 1GHz Pentium 3 with its 2GHz flagship CPU and they should have stopped there and went down a different path much earlier.
Core architecture changed all that for the CPU giant, as did its P965 chipset. Aimed to be the mid-range chipset, just under the 975X, it has become the hottest chipset for Core 2 from Intel. P965 added the first DDR2-800 native memory support and a new ICH with extra SATA ports. Gaining Crossfire certification last year pushed it to the top of the enthusiast market, leaving 975X in the dark looking for a spot to fit in costing more.
We have seen that with the right combination of overclocking options and motherboard features that the P965 chipset is a power house. ASUS has already done pretty well with the P5B-E Plus we looked at last time; however, this was just a patch board for the Commando to arrive.
Commando is the third board to come out in the "Republic of Gamers" series of boards, joining the Striker Extreme and the Crosshair boards. Based on the Intel P965 chipset it looks to have the goods, but how does it stack up and is it really worth the high price tag of over $300 USD?
Let's find out!
- Page 1 [Introduction]
- Page 2 [Specifications]
- Page 3 [Package]
- Page 4 [Motherboard]
- Page 5 [BIOS and Overclocking]
- Page 6 [Benchmarks - Test System Setup and Everest]
- Page 7 [Benchmarks - PCMark]
- Page 8 [Benchmarks - WorldBench]
- Page 9 [Benchmarks - Adobe Premiere Elements]
- Page 10 [Benchmarks - 3DMark06]
- Page 11 [Benchmarks - PREY]
- Page 12 [Benchmarks - Far Cry]
- Page 13 [Final Thoughts ]
Further Reading: Read and find more Motherboards content at our Motherboards reviews, guides and articles index page.
Do you get our RSS feed? Get It!
Latest News Posts
- Social media being used to help identify Islamic extremism
- Barnes & Noble is keeping the NOOK Media digital business, for now
- NPD: Mobile gaming grew 20 percent in 2014, creating opportunities
- Intel to reclassify Atom processors with Atom x3, Atom x5 and Atom x7
- LG's unveils Watch Urbane LTE, lets you make calls from your wrist
Forum Activity
- USB Devices go unrecognized AM3+ Extreme 3 990fx
- Asrock Z77 Extreme4-M
- GALAX GeForce GTX 960 EXOC Video Card Review
- Intermittent hardware problem: CLR CMOS - Dr. Debug 67
- HIS Multi-View HDOCKP USB 3.0 Portable Docking Station Review
Press Releases
- Charter Communications Says Net Neutrality Will Slow Broadband Growth and Mean Higher Fees
- MSI Announces the AP16 Flex All-in-one Desktop
- Linux gadget with six displays - pixel art idea returns in a new shape
- Toshiba Areal Density Breakthrough Means 3TB 2.5-inch Notebook Hard Drives Possible
- Tesoro Launches Gungnir Black Optical Gaming Mouse


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Toro Authorized Substitution The part number 109355P has been changed to part number 109355. While the new part may look different, this is a Toro approved substitution. Please note that the price and availability shown is for the new part number 109355. |
Brand | Toro |
Old Part Number | 109355P |
New Part Number | 109355 |
Condition | New |


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Destin Log | Turn down the lights: Destin implements turtle-safe lighting Destin Log The Emerald Coast beach line is the seasonal home not only to snowbirds and tourists, but also to several species of sea turtles, who take to the land each year from April through November. The animals come to shore long enough to nest on the sandy ... |
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Science World Report | Ancient Turtle from Wyoming Reveals Climate Change Clues Science World Report Tropical turtle fossils in Wyoming may show a bit more about the history of Earth's climate. Scientists have found that when our planet got warmer, prehistoric turtles headed north; if the turtles of today try the same technique, though, they may run into trouble. |
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Book between 02nd January 2015 to 29th March 2015 and travel between 05th January 2015 to 31st March 2015 and you will get 10% discount!
Here are some Universal Studios Singapore highlights you won't want to miss:
TRANSFORMERS The Ride: The Ultimate 3D Battle:
Get ready to experience this hyper-realistic 3D thrill ride, right in the middle of the incredible world of TRANSFORMERS. Join OPTIMUS PRIME and the AUTOBOTS as you become a freedom fighter in the ultimate 3D battle against the forces of evil.
Jurassic Park Rapids Adventure™:
Enjoy a thrilling river raft ride through primeval dinosaur habitats where you will get wet and possibly soaked.
Shrek 4-D Adventure:
See, hear and FEEL the action right from your seat as you join Princess Fiona & Shrek in a fairytale adventure.
Revenge of the Mummy™:
Plunge into total darkness on this indoor roller coaster as you come face to face with warrior mummies and scarab beetles.
Madagascar: A Crate Adventure:
Go on an unforgettable river boat ride with our four heroes, Alex, Marty, Melman and Gloria.
This one day Universal Studios Singapore ticket allows you to arrive at your leisure and use all of the fantastic rides and attractions.
Small but wonderful... Mr M Suida
it was a bliss ! 100% worry free ! I recommend isango !... Felicidad Santos
1 Day Ticket
Opening hours: 1000h (10:00am) - 1900h (7:00pm)
Duration: 1 Day Ticket
Ticket Redemption Location: Universal Studios Singapore, Guest Services Window.
Universal Studios Singapore.
Wear comfortable shoes and clothing! Don't forget to bring a camera!
This voucher is valid for redemption only by the person(s) named on the voucher. It is not transferable, non-refundable (even in cases of inclement weather), has no cash value, and may be redeemed only once
A photo ID (passport, driving license or identity card) is required to be presented during the redemption.
Redemption of voucher is on the selected event date; amendments of date are strictly not allowed
No outside food or beverages permitted
For more information on attractions height and safety requirements, log onto www.rwsentosa.com
Do note that park operating hours are subjected to changes without prior notice, please visit www.rwsentosa.com for up to date information
Resorts World™ Sentosa reserves the right NOT to accept any vouchers that have or appear to have been forged, damaged, defaced or otherwise tampered with
Resorts World™ Sentosa reserves the right to reject acceptance of redemption vouchers due to capacity constraints
Resorts World™ Sentosa will not accept responsibility for claims, demand, losses, costs or expenses or liability of any kind whatsoever in relation to redemption vouchers
Resorts World™ Sentosa reserves the right to amend or add to the Terms and Conditions at any time without prior notice
All rates are subject to change without prior notice. Additional Park Rules and Regulations apply
See the Cancellation policy for this product


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Here's how I explain this to people:
There's nothing innately magical, scary, or confusing about this — it's a feature, after all. I'm going to attempt to describe it as succinctly as possible, so the information in this post will be rather dense. Take your time reading it.
A brief prologue:
A lot of the misunderstanding arises when developers (like me) who are familiar with Object Oriented programming try to understand Javascript in an Object Oriented fashion. Javascript uses objects, but is not Object Oriented.
So, if you have preconceived notions of this, now's the time to let them go. Take a deep breathe, clear your mind, and let's get to the bottom of this.
Part One
Whenever a function is called, a variable called this is instantiated, and its value is set to some object. this is just a variable. It follows the same rules of scoping, you can compare it, you can copy it — it's a bona fide variable.
It's incredibly useful to imagine this line of code at the top of each function:
var this = <an object as defined by part two>;
this is only special for three reasons:
this = …
//ReferenceError: invalid assignment left-hand side
though you can modify its properties however you want:
this.foo = …
//works fine — this is an object, after all.
Now, let's find out which object this gets assigned to.
Part Two
By default, this refers to the window object.
There are only two ways that this will refer to any other object besides window:
1) If you call a function as a property of an object, then this refers to that object.
2) Calling the "apply" or "call" method of a function – the object is passed as a parameter.
Code speaks for itself:
1 2 3 4 5 | // Here's a function. /// var log_this = function(one, two){ console.log(this, one, two); } ///////////////////////// |
We're creating a variable called "log_this" which is a function object.
1 2 3 4 5 6 | log_this("foo", "bar"); // By default, 'this' refers to window. // Will log: window, "foo", "bar" setTimeout(log_this, 1000); // Again, by default, 'this' refers to window // After 1 second, will log: window, undefined, undefined |
Window is "this" by default. We were actually calling: window.log_this();
1 2 3 4 5 6 | var obj = {}; obj.fn = log_this; obj.fn("foo", "bar"); // Calling log_this as property of 'obj' object. // Therefore, this will be obj, and obj will be logged. // Will log: obj, "foo", "bar" |
This is Case 1: We're calling the function as a property of an object.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | var MyObj = function(){} MyObj.prototype = {fn: log_this}; // Define a function and its prototype. var o = new MyObj(); // Create an object from the MyObj constructor. MyObj.fn("foo", "bar"); // Calling a function as property of 'o' object // Although it's via the prototype, this will still be o // Will log: o, "foo", "bar" |
Just another way to do the same thing.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 | var obj = {}; log_this.apply(obj, ["foo", "bar"]); // Applying obj to log_this function // Therefore, this will be obj, and obj will be logged. // Will log: obj, "foo", "bar" log_this.call(obj, "foo", "bar"); // 'call' is exactly like 'apply' // instead of an array, it uses extra arguments // Will log: obj, "foo", "bar" |
The magic of "apply" and "call" let us set what this refers to.
1 2 3 4 | // You can think of apply/call as doing this: obj.temp = log_this; obj.temp("foo", "bar"); delete obj.temp; |
This is basically what "apply" and "call" do.
That's all there is to it. I don't expect you to grok this right away — take time to let it sink in and reread it a few times.
If you still don't understand this, then you might consider brushing up on how objects, functions, and variable scoping works in Javascript. These are all simple topics with simple rules, but with big implications. That's how Javascript works.
If you have any questions, feel free to leave them in the comments.


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Sauce for sweet potato gnocchi?
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Hi guys,
I made a big batch of sweet potato gnocchi this weekend, and after the initial victory dinner, froze the remaining uncooked gnocchi for later use.
Here's the twist: I'm kind of tired of the standard butter-based sauces everyone seems to use. I also don't like to add sweetness to sweet potatoes, which rules out all the maple syrup, etc, branch of sauces. Plus I'm vegetarian (though not vegan).
So, with allllllll that in mind, what would you recommend, sauce-wise?
re: cgarner
i was just thinking of some nuts! that frangelico cream: maybe with some chopped hazelnuts in that crumb topping, too. sounds sweet and savory.
re: biondanonima
Pesto will definitely be on the list. I may try the blue cheese when I cook for myself, but my BF hates the stuff, so it'll have to wait until a solo night. :)
I wonder if there's any way to make a chipotle-flavoured sauce...
re: piccola
chipotles, a little smoked paprika, roasted cumin and coriander...
Sweat a small onion finely dinced and a clove of minced garlic in about a Tblspoons of butter, add a little smoked paprika, roasted cumin and a little coriander, toast in the butter a bit, in a food processor or blender, whiz up 2 chipotles (the canned chipotles in adobo) with about a quarter cup of chicken broth, add to the pan, let that 'fry' a bit with all the other spices, add about a cup of cream... adjust salt (even a pinch of sugar would go well here) bring it to a light simmer for a minute or two, strain over your pasta.
re: piccola
Let me know what you think (oh and of course you can scale up or down on the chipotles depending on how hot you want it)
re: cgarner
I just made this and it was AMAZING. I didn't have chipotle so put in some siracha sauce, I also added in red and yellow pepper. Loved it, thanks for the tip
re: biondanonima
Haha yeah, I kinda OD'ed on the sage-butter combo, thus this post. I'm trying to break out of that mold...
re: dcole
Ha! Beat me to it - I saw the title and immediately thought brown butter and sage.
I'm also not fond of enhancing the sweetness in the sweet potato, so would choose something to balance it out. Some beurre blance with grated pecorino perhaps, and lots of fresh ground pepper. Or even some gorgonzola cream sauce with marjoram.
for new ideas, i'll often go to a site with recipes for the basic veggie or protein, to get some "fresh" ideas for pairing flavors. here is a site for sweet potatoes that i'm going to look around for new combinations. http://www.ncsweetpotatoes.com/compon...
i'll also look for "foreign" ideas -- as those pairings quite often surprise me with interesting combos that would never have crossed my mind. one thing in the "latin flavors" link i just noticed was a pairing with tomatillos in a "mole" for shrimp tacos: http://www.ncsweetpotatoes.com/compon...
here is a bbc site where you can sort the sweet potato recipes by cuisine: http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/search.do?...here is a greek pairing with fennel and feta. that is interesting, huh? i'm still working that out in my mind's taste buds. ;-). http://www.bbcgoodfood.com/search.do?...
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Sweet potato gnocchi would be great with walnuts, olive oil, garlic, parsley and marjoram, salt, pepper and grana padano or pecorino romano, prepared in a pesto like fashion in a mortar and pestle or blender. I toast the walnuts first. Sounds heavy but it is not.
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A marina, 13 outdoor pools, and a fitness center are available at this smoke-free condominium resort. Free WiFi in public areas, free self parking, and a free theme park shuttle are also provided. Additionally, a poolside bar, a coffee shop/café, and a snack bar/deli are onsite.
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All 1184 condos provide conveniences like refrigerators and microwaves, plus free WiFi and satellite TV. DVD players, coffee makers, and free local calls are among the other amenities available to guests. Weekly housekeeping is available.
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Westgate Vacation Villas features a marina, 13 outdoor swimming pools, and 13 spa tubs along with outdoor tennis courts and a fitness center. The condominium resort offers a coffee shop/café and a snack bar/deli. A poolside bar is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
This 3-star property offers access to a 24-hour business center, limo/town car service, and meeting rooms. Event facilities measuring 15443 square feet (1390 square meters) include a conference center and conference space. This family-friendly condominium resort also offers a children's pool, a children's club, and tour/ticket assistance. Complimentary self parking is available on site.
Westgate Vacation Villas is a smoke-free property.
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- Number of spa tubs - 13
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- Year Built 1982
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- Snack bar/deli
- Smoke-free property
- Number of buildings/towers - 67
- Supervised childcare/activities
- Children's pool
- Television in lobby
- Wedding services
- Free theme park shuttle
Family Friendly Amenities
- Family Hotel
- Outdoor pools
- Children's pool
- Free Wi-Fi
- Outdoor tennis courts
- Theme park shuttle (complimentary)
- Grocery/convenience store
- Snack bar/deli
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- Arcade/game room
- Refrigerator
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Available in all rooms: Free WiFi
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking, RV, bus, truck parking
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- Premium TV channels
- Access via exterior corridors
- Air conditioning
- Ceiling fan
- Phone
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- Weekly housekeeping provided
- Private bathroom
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- DVD player
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- Iron/ironing board
- Satellite TV service
- Free WiFi
- Blackout drapes/curtains
- Microwave
- Refrigerator
Where to Eat
Breakfast is available for a surcharge each morning.
Drafts Sports Bar - This restaurant specializes in American cuisine. Guests can enjoy drinks at the bar.
Sids Bistro - This bistro serves lunch and dinner.
Cordovano Joes - This restaurant specializes in pizza and serves lunch and dinner.
Nearby Things to Do
Outdoor tennis courts and a marina are featured at the condominium resort. 13 outdoor swimming pools and 13 spa tubs are on site. In addition to a children's pool, other recreational amenities include a fitness center.
Children under 16 years old are not allowed in the fitness facility without adult supervision.
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible bathroom
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible parking
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 18
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
Special check-in instructions:
Check-out time is 10 AM
Payment types
Pets allowed, Only dogs and cats are allowed, Maximum number of pets per room 1, Pet maximum weight in kg is 27, Pet maximum weight in lb is 60
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Special policies:
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Resort fee: USD 10.95 per accommodation, per night
- Fitness center access
- Sporting facilities or equipment
- Internet access
- Phone calls
- In-room safe
- Additional inclusions
- Pet fee: USD 170.00 per pet, per stay
- Pet deposit: USD 100.00 per stay
- Deposit: USD 50 per stay


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Web Developer • http://www.facebook.com/colzz
Web Developer • http://www.facebook.com/colzz
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- We have this naughty teen babe in this clip as she gets sandwiched in a threesome! Watch as two guys get in between her and filled this teeny babes mouth and tight cunt with their hard cocks


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- Northern New York Newspapers
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CANTON — St. Lawrence County deputy highway superintendent Karl O. Bender resigned Wednesday following his admission to participating in zapping a 16-year-old boy wearing a dog shock collar on his genitals.
The resignation comes a week after Mr. Bender, 43, of 510 Bigelow St., Ogdensburg, pleaded guilty in Ogdensburg City Court to a reduced charge of second-degree harassment, a violation. He was sentenced to a one-year conditional discharge and paid a $270 fine.
Mr. Bender was suspended by the county April 7 for 30 days without pay pending further action. St. Lawrence County Administrator Karen M. St. Hilaire said the resignation was effective immediately.
Mr. Bender oversaw the county's solid waste department, which operates transfer stations in Lisbon, Massena, Star Lake and Gouverneur, for several years and worked for AOK Engineering of Ogdensburg.
"At this point, we wish Karl the best," Ms. St. Hilaire said. "We will be moving forward in looking to fill the position with a qualified engineer."
Mr. Bender will receive pay from accrued vacation and personal time, she said.


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It's most likely the roaming icon. If it appears while you are not roaming, you may need to dial *228, select option #2, to update your PRL ("preferred roaming list").
I could also be a failed Market download/install. If it is toward the left of the status bar, what notification is showing in the pull down? If it is to the right side of the status bar, it is probably roaming.
If that's the icon you're talking about, it's the new icon for VZW Location Services which you can see change to just the square without the ))) if you turn VZW L.S. off in Settings/Location & Security.
very true but a lot of people have been calling it that on other boards. Turn a square on it's corner and people get confused


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Civil Rights Lawyers in the USA
Civil Rights Lawyers in the USA ► Other Countries
All Articles »Civil Rights Lawyers USA - Recent Legal Articles
- How Far Does the Right to Bear Arms Really Go?
by HG.org
For many Americans, the right to have and use a gun is quite precious. Viewed as a way to combat tyranny, to protect one's home and person, and as a tool for recreation, guns are a big part of the American way of life. But how far does the right to bear arms really go?
- What Are Common American Censorship Laws?
by HG.org
How often have we heard someone say "It's a free country, I can say what I want to?" In most cases, that person is correct. But, America does not always allow free speech without constraint.
- If My State Has Legalized Marijuana, Can I Smoke it in Federal Housing?
by HG.org
Although some states permit marijuana use for medical or recreational reasons, federal housing is based on federal laws. At the time of publication, marijuana use was still outlawed by federal law. However, guidance from the Department of Housing and Urban Development shows the nuances in laws that federal housing projects are currently laboring under.
- What Can I do if I Am Not Satisfied with an Order of Goods I Received?
by HG.org
Not all businesses have policies in place that will allow you to have a full refund if you are not satisfied with goods. However, there may be a variety of remedies available to you if you are not satisfied with an order of goods that you received.
- Where is Same-Sex Marriage Legal?
by HG.org
For the thousands of people involved in same-sex relationships in the United States, times have really begun to change. After decades of fighting for equal rights, many states have slowly begun to allow gay and lesbian couples to experience the same rights, benefits, and privileges associated with marriage as straight couples have always been allowed.
- What Is Bait and Switch?
by HG.org
Bait and switch is a common deceptive sales practice that advertises an item for sale to entice customers to come to the store. Once the customer arrives in anticipation of the discounted item, he or she is told that the item is not available and is directed toward a more expensive alternative.
- Why Is Parody Protected Under the First Amendment?
by HG.org
While parodies often cause a good laugh, their influence can be much more dramatic and long-lasting. Because parodies provide an important historic reference and social commentary, they enjoy certain protections under the First Amendment and in copyright cases.
- When Can I Assert My Fifth Amendment Right?
by HG.org
The Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides individuals the right not to serve as a witness against themselves. Through this amendment, a witness may prevent the disclosure of evidence that can ultimately be used against him or her in a criminal case. There are a variety of situations in which a person may assert this privilege.
- What is Net Neutrality and Why Should You Care?
by HG.org
Much has been made over the last few years about net neutrality. Still, most people are confused by what this term refers to and why it matters. This confusion is understandable given the misleading nature of the name, and the way it is often misapplied in the media. But, net neutrality is actually a very important concept to understand and one that could directly impact the way the Internet works and how we all use it.
- How to Avoid Trouble During a Traffic Stop
by HG.org
Millions of Americans fear what can happen during a traffic stop. The names "Ferguson" and "Rodney King" have taken on a significance in the national psyche that will not soon be shaken.


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VIEWS: 32 PAGES: 8 CATEGORY: Engineering POSTED ON: 10/4/2011
JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 623 A Network Architecture for Load Balancing of Heterogeneous Wireless Networks Wenxiao Shi, Bin Li, Na Li, Chuanjun Xia Jilin University, Changchun, China Email: email@example.com Abstract—The traditional centralized load balancing had a former is the foundation of load balancing, and a good relatively low reliability, and the distributed load balancing network architecture can improve the efficiency of load had a huge overhead. To solve these problems, this paper balancing. In the perspective of control mode, load mapped heterogeneous wireless networks to distributed balancing mechanisms can be classified as centralized, grids by introducing Resource Management Unit, and then presented a hierarchical semi-centralized architecture for distributed and semi-centralized and semi-distributed [8, load balancing of heterogeneous wireless networks drawing 9]. There are some problems in the first two mechanisms: on the idea of grid in computer networks. The analytical the centralized one has a relatively low reliability, while models for the integrated reliability and signaling overhead the distributed one has a huge overhead [10]. of the architecture were established. Theoretical analysis A grid [11, 12] is a service for sharing computer power and simulation results indicate that the architecture can and data storage capacity over the Internet. Grid reduce the signaling overhead and improve the system infrastructure is a large virtual organization that integrates reliability effectively. a large mount of distributed heterogeneous resources and high performance computing capabilities into a super Index Terms—network architecture, signaling overhead, integrated reliability, load balancing, heterogeneous wireless service, which can provide huge computing services, networks storage capability and so on. Grid allows the use of geographically distributed computing systems that belong to multiple organizations as a single system. Resource I. INTRODUCTION management and scheduling is the important components of the Grid. It efficiently maps jobs submitted by the user Radio systems are moving toward forming to available resources in grid environment [13]. heterogeneous wireless networks: collaborations of There are some similarities between grid and multiple radio access networks, which in some cases heterogeneous wireless networks, such as the dynamic operate different radio access technologies [1]. The variation of resources, heterogeneous structure, and the deployment of heterogeneous wireless networks is key technology of integrating and deploying the spreading throughout the world as users want to be distributed resources. Enlightened by the similarities, we connected anytime, anywhere, and anyhow [2]. 3GPP propose a hierarchical semi-centralized architecture specifies some recommendations for methods, (HSCA) based on basic grids for load balancing of architectures, and design of heterogeneous wireless heterogeneous wireless networks. Since the reliability and network interconnection (in particular, the one formed by overhead are important performances to a network, we UMTS and WLAN networks), such as those presented in analyze the two performances of HSCA we proposed in [3]. The key topics in heterogeneous wireless networks this paper. are referred to as spectrum sensing, coexistence, resource The remainder of this paper is organized as follows. In management, reliability and QoS support avoiding Section II we briefly discuss the related researches into interference etc. [4]. overhead and reliability of network architectures. Section As a recent research focus, load balancing [5, 6] which III introduces the HSCA we proposed, and gives the belongs to Radio Resource Management (RRM) is one of signaling flows of the HSCA. In Section IV, the modeling the key technologies in the convergence of heterogeneous of integrated reliability and signaling overhead for HSCA wireless networks. Load balancing is a significant method is presented followed in Section V by our simulation and to achieve the resource sharing over heterogeneous the results. Finally in Section VI we conclude this paper wireless networks, and it can improve resource with discussion of our work. utilization, enlarge system capacity, as well as provide better services for users. II. RELATED WORK Generally, load balancing is divided into two parts [7]: network architecture and load balancing algorithm. The The authors of [14] developed a mathematical framework that can be used to compactly represent and analyze heterogeneous networks that combine multiple This work was supported by the National Natural Science entity and link types. They generalized Bonacich Foundation of China (No. 60972028). centrality, which measures connectivity between nodes © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER doi:10.4304/jnw.6.4.623-630 624 JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 by the number of paths between them, to heterogeneous Allotter) and RS (Resource Statistics) are collectively networks and used this measure to study network referred to as Resource Management Unit (RMU), which structure. The authors of [9] proposed a semi-centralized are responsible for managing the resources of basic grids. and semi-distributed architecture (SCSDA), in which a Installed in the access point (AP), a RS is used to BS just exchanges load information with several calculate resources of its jurisdiction cell. A RA collects neighboring BSs. Although the architecture can reduce load information from RSs, and balances the load in the overhead of control signaling, the authors neither virtue of the load and resources of the basic grid. expressed the overhead in mathematical formula, nor Normally an IS allocates resources for the borders of proved it by simulation. basic grids and stores information of cell identification, Reference [15] designed a hybrid wireless network location and load states. However, it can take over the architecture, [16] proposed a multiple mobile routers broken RA immediately. In order to improve the system based network architecture to support seamless mobility reliability, a main IS and a standby IS are set up, across heterogeneous networks, and they both tested the additionally, a RA and IS are connected by two junction overhead by NS2 simulator. However, the model of the lines. Once the main IS (one junction line between RA overhead was not derived in neither [15] nor [16]. Route and IS) stops running, the standby IS (the other junction overhead was analyzed in theory in [17], by calculating line) will take over it. the number of control messages generated in a BS/AP service area due to maintaining route. Nevertheless, the simulation for overhead was not given. The communication overhead of the scheme presented in [18] was calculated, and an algorithm for minimizing the communication overhead was given, which was proved to be effective through simulation. The authors of [19] considered a general heterogeneous network architecture with two basic entities in the system: mobile nodes (MNs) and access points (APs). They formulated the overhead of AP discovery which is divided into hello messages and RREQ messages, and gave the simulation results. Reference [20] proposed a hierarchical and distributed (HD) architecture with three hierarchical levels of mobility management being distinguished: end Figure 1. Hierarchical semi-centralized architecture. terminal remains connected to the same radio access network but it changes its point of attachments, end A RA and the RSs located in the basic grid terminal changes its radio access network but it remains administered by the RA compose the first layer associated to the same operator and end terminal changes centralized architecture, while an IS (including a main IS its operator network. And it also studied signaling cost and a standby IS) and the RAs constitute the second layer generated by QoS negotiation during handover process in centralized architecture. The whole first layer is made up both theory and simulation. of a series of basic grids and the corresponding RAs. The research on reliability of telecommunication Thus, we call it the hierarchical semi-centralized network starts at the study on switched architecture. telecommunication network by Lee [21]. Lee defined call The signaling overhead of transferring load blocking as the link failure, and measured reliability information between RSs and RAs (we call it the RSs to taking connectivity [22] as standard. Reference [23] RAs signaling overhead for short, and the similar terms mentioned the concept of integrated reliability, which are used below) can be reduced by limiting the number of took call loss as the evaluation indicator of network RSs in a basic grid; the RAs to RS signaling overhead is reliability, and proved that the integrated reliability can also small because of the limited number of RAs. The IS reflect the practical situation much better than taking can take over the RA immediately if the latter breaks connectivity as standard. The authors of [24] analyzed the down, which ensures the communication of the basic reliability aspects of some access network topologies to grid; the standby IS and the two junction lines between insure a certain level of quality of service at the lowest each RA and IS make further improvement on system cost for the end users, which are a little alike to our works. reliability. Therefore, HSCA has the advantages of low signaling overhead and high reliability, which are the III. HIERARCHICAL SEMI-CENTRALIZED ARCHITECTURE advantages of centralized architecture and distributed one respectively. A. Description of the architecture There are two ways to fix the RA and IS. One way is The hierarchical semi-centralized architecture based on to install them in the existing equipments: RS in RNC basic grids is depicted in Fig. 1, which takes three (Radio Network Controller) and RA in GGSN (Gateway different types of access networks (UMTS, WLAN and GPRS Support Node), the other way is to set them WiMax) for example. A basic grid is made up of several separately. The advantage of the former is that it can adjacent cells. IS (Information Server), RA (Resource reduce the housing construction and maintenance cost, © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 625 while the disadvantage is that it is restrained by the existing network topology. The latter can design the network topology flexiblely while increases the cost. Weighing the strong points and weaknesses of the two methods, a proper method to fix the RA and IS can be chosen. B. Signaling flow Normally a RS calculates load and resources of its jurisdiction cell according to the wireless parameters received from the AP, and then transfers the load, resources and location information to the RA. On the basis of load balancing algorithm (is not in the scope of this paper), the RA transfers load balancing information to RS. Then the RS changes load balancing information Figure 4. Signaling flow chart 3. into load balancing instructions and transfers the load balancing instructions to the AP. The signaling flow chart used in our analysis. is shown in Fig. 2. i: System type. i=1 denotes UMTS system; i=2 denotes WLAN system; i=3 denotes WiMax system. bij: The traffic intensity between RSi and RAj. cj: The traffic intensity between RAj and IS. RIS: The reliability of IS. RRA: The reliability of RA. Rc: The reliability of junction line between IS and RA. ai: The signaling overhead of transferring load information once between one RS located in system type i and RA. d: The signaling overhead of transferring load information once between one RA and IS. e: The signaling overhead of transferring load information once between one main IS and standby IS. Figure 2. Signaling flow chart 1. Ai: The number of APs in system type i. D: The number of RAs. When a subscriber is on the border of basic grids, the Aij: The number of APs for system type i in the basic IS will allocate resources for the subscriber, and the grid j. signaling flow is shown in Fig. 3. λi: The traffic arrival rate of system type i. µi: The service rate of system type i. mi: The cell capacity of system type i. ki1: The light threshold of system type i. ki2: The heavy threshold of system type i. T: The period of transferring load information among RMU. To facilitate the analysis, we assume that there are only one main IS and one standby IS. A. Modeling of integrated reliability Since the integrated reliability can reflect the practical situation very well [23], we use it to analyze the reliability of HSCA. The HSCA we presented is actually a tree structure, as Figure 3. Signaling flow chart 2. shown in Fig. 5. When the number of RS is large, the breakdown of a When a RA breaks down, the IS can take over it RS or the junction line between a RS and the RA has immediately, and the signaling flow is shown in Fig. 4. little influence on the total traffic of the system. Thus, the breakdown of a RS or the junction line between a RS and IV. MODELING OF RELIABILITY AND SIGNALING the RA can be neglected. OVERHEAD Taking the main IS and the standby IS as a whole, the In this section, we derive an analytical model for probability that the IS is in normal use is reliability of HSCA and two analytical models for pIS = 1 − (1 − RIS ) 2 signaling overhead of HSCA. The following notations are . (1) © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER 626 JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 D K 3 L3 = ∑ c j + ∑∑ bij . (10) j =1 j =1 i =1 The total traffic intensity of the system is D D 3 B = ∑ c j + ∑∑ bij . (11) j =1 j =1 i =1 Therefore, the integrated reliability of the whole system is 1 R = 1− ⋅ [ p0 ⋅ L0 + p1 ⋅ L1 + p2 ⋅ L2 + p3 ⋅ L3 ] . (12) B B. Modeling of signaling overhead Figure 5. The tree structure of HSCA. In the perspective of executing time, load balancing Taking the two junction lines between RAj (j=1,2,…,D) mechanisms can be classified as periodic and non- and the IS as a whole, the probability that the junction periodic [8]. Accordingly, the mode of transferring load line is out of fault is information can be divided into periodic and non- periodic. Following we study the periodic and non- pc = 1 − (1 − Rc ) 2 . (2) periodic signaling overhead respectively. 1) The periodic signaling overhead The probability that the whole system is in normal use The RSs to RAs signaling overhead in unit time is: is 1 3 p0 = pIS ⋅ pcD ⋅ RRA D (3) O11 = ⋅ ∑ ( ai ⋅ Ai ) . (13) T i=1 then, the traffic of the whole system does not lose, The RAs to IS signaling overhead in unit time is: namely 1 O12 = ⋅d ⋅ D . (14) L0 = 0 . (4) T The probability that K1 (K1=1,2,…,D) junction lines The main IS to standby IS signaling overhead in unit between IS and RA are out of action is time is: 1 p1 = pIS ⋅ D! ⋅ (1 − pc ) 1 ⋅ pcD −K1 ⋅ RRA K D (5) O13 = ⋅e . (15) K1 !⋅ ( D − K1 ) ! T The signaling overhead of transferring load then, the traffic on the K1 junction lines loses, while all information among RMU in unit time is: the traffic between RAs and RSs does not lose. Thus, the loss of the whole system traffic is 1 ⎡ 3 O1 = O11 + O12 + O13 = ⋅ ∑ ( ai ⋅ Ai ) + d ⋅ D + e ⎤ . (16) K T ⎢ i =1 ⎣ ⎥ ⎦ L1 = ∑ c j . (6) j =1 For problem tractability, we assume that a1=a2=a3, The probability that K2 (K2=1,2,…,D) RAs are out of then (16) can be reduced to: action is 1 ⎛ ⋅ ⎜ a1 ⋅ ∑ Ai + d ⋅ D + e ⎞ . 3 O1 = ⎟ (17) T ⎝ i =1 ⎠ D! p2 = pIS ⋅ p ⋅ ⋅ (1 − RRA ) 2 ⋅ RRA− K2 K D D (7) K 2 !⋅ ( D − K 2 ) ! c 2) The non-periodic signaling overhead then, the IS can take over the K2 breakdown RAs. Thus, Enlightened by the ideas from [9] which employed two the traffic of the whole system does not lose, namely thresholds to classify cells into three classes, we introduce a heavy threshold and a light threshold to L2 = 0 . (8) classify cells into three classes in terms of their load states: overloaded, under-loaded and balanced cells. A The probability that the IS and K3 (K3=1,2,…,D) RAs cell is in the under-loaded state when its load ≤ ki1, in the are out of action at the same time is overloaded state when its load ≥ ki2; in the balanced state D! when ki1 < its load < ki2. p3 = (1 − pIS ) ⋅ pcD ⋅ ⋅ (1 − RRA ) 3 ⋅ RRA− K3 K D (9) K 3 !⋅ ( D − K 3 ) ! RMU transfer load information when the following conditions are satisfied: RS transfers load information to then, the traffic between all the RAs and the IS loses RA when the load state of its jurisdiction cell changes; whether the junction lines between the RAs and the IS are RA transfers load information to IS when the load state of out of action or not, and the traffic between the K3 broken one or more cells changes in the basic grid administered RAs and the IS loses. Thus, the loss of the whole system by the RA; the main IS transfers load information to is © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 627 standby IS when one or more RAs transfer load A. Simulation Scenario information to the main IS. The scenario is a medium urban area, where both For problem tractability, we assume that the arrival and UMTS system and WiMax system cover the whole area service process are Poisson process and each cell is an while WLAN system covers the hot spots only. In order independent M/M/m(m) queue. to reduce the complex of simulation, we assume that According to queuing theory [25], the state there are all the three types of APs in each basic grid, and probabilities of system type i are: the number of APs for the same system is equal in every −1 basic grid. ⎡ mi ( λ / µ ) j ⎤ Pi 0 = ⎢ ∑ i i ⎥ (18) The values of parameters used in simulation are as ⎢ j =0 ⎣ j! ⎥ ⎦ follows. T=0.1s, A1=600, A2=900, A3=600; RIS=0.99, RRA=0.98, Rc=0.97; bi=1erl; K1=1, K2=1, K3=1; a1=1, d=1, ( λi / µi ) ⋅ P . k e=1; m1=60, m2=20, m3=80; η iTH1=0.7, η iTH2=0.9; Pik = (19) k! i0 µi=1/180s. Where i=1, 2, 3. In time T, the probability that a cell in system type i B. Simulation Results changes from under-loaded state to balanced state is: Fig. 6 indicates the integrated reliability of HSCA with Pri (U → B) = Piki1 −1λiT [1 − (ki1 − 1) µiT ] . (20) different number of RAs. Because of the assumption in Simulation Scenario, the number of RAs is discrete, and In time T, the probability that a cell in system type i its value set is {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, 25, 30, 50, changes from balanced state to overloaded state is: 60, 75, 100, 150, 300}. We can see that the integrated reliability of HSCA rises with the number of RAs Pri (B → O) = Piki 2 −1λiT [1 − (ki 2 − 1) µiT ] . (21) increasing, and the integrated reliability is always very high. When there is only one RA, the HSCA degenerate In time T, the probability that a cell in system type i to be a centralized architecture with a lower reliability. changes from overloaded state to balanced state is: The larger the number of RAs is, the more distributed the Pri (O → B) = Piki 2 +1 ( ki 2 + 1) µiT (1 − λiT ) . (22) architecture is, and the higher the reliability is. 1 In time T, the probability that a cell in system type i changes from balanced state to under-loaded state is: 0.9998 Pri (B → U) = Piki1 +1 ( ki1 + 1) µiT (1 − λiT ) . (23) 0.9996 the integrated reliability 0.9994 In time T, the probability that the load state of a cell changes in system type i is: 0.9992 Pri = Pri (U → B) + Pri (B → O) + Pri (O → B) + Pri (B → U) . (24) 0.999 In time T, the probability that RA j transfers load 0.9988 information to IS is: 0.9986 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 3 Pr j' = 1 − ∏ (1 − Pri ) Aij the number of RAs . (25) i=1 Figure 6. The integrated reliability with different number of RAs. In time T, the probability that main IS transfers load information to standby one is: Fig. 7 and 8 illustrate the signaling overhead of HSCA and SCSDA with different number of RAs. The signaling Pr ' ' = 1 − ∏ (1 − Pr j' ) . D (26) overhead of SCSDA, which has nothing to do with the j=1 number of RAs, is associated only with the number of APs. Therefore, the signaling overhead of SCSDA is The signaling overhead of transferring load constant when the number of RAs varies. It can be information among RMU in unit time is: observed that the signaling overhead of HSCA is always 1 ⎡ 3 D ⎤ much smaller than that of SCSDA despite whether O2 = ⋅ ⎢a1 ⋅ ∑ ( Ai ⋅ Pri ) + d ⋅ ∑ Pr j' + e ⋅ Pr ' ' ⎥ . (27) transferring load information is periodical or non- T ⎣ i =1 j =1 ⎦ periodical, which indicates that HSCA has great advantages in reducing system signaling overhead. V. SIMULATION STUDY Equation (17) tells us that the periodic signaling overhead includes three parts: the RSs to RAs signaling To evaluate the performance of HSCA, we employ a overhead, the RAs to IS signaling overhead and the main simulation model using the simulator MATLAB, and IS to standby IS signaling overhead. Since the number of compare the signaling overhead of HSCA with that of RSs, main IS and standby IS is constant, the signaling SCSDA. overhead of the first part and the third part is invariable, while the second part is variable. We can see in (5) that the signaling overhead of the second part has a linear © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER 628 JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 relationship with the number of RAs. Therefore, the 0.32, drops gradually with λ1 increasing from 0.32 to periodic signaling overhead of HSCA increases linearly 0.65, with the rising of the number of RAs, which can be seen 300 in Fig. 7. 280 HSCA 4 SCSDA x 10 7 260 240 6 the signaling overhead 220 5 200 the signaling overhead HSCA SCSDA 4 180 160 3 140 2 120 1 100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 the traffic arrival rate of UMTS (calls/s) 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 the number of RAs Figure 9. The signaling overhead of the two architectures with different traffic arrival rate of UMTS (λ2=0.2,λ3=0.5,D=30) Figure 7. The periodic signaling overhead with different number of RAs 300 HSCA 280 SCSDA 300 260 250 HSCA 240 the signaling overhead SCSDA 220 the signaling overhead 200 200 180 150 160 100 140 120 50 100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 the traffic arrival rate of WLAN (calls/s) 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 the number of RAs Figure 10. The signaling overhead of the two architectures with different traffic arrival rate of WLAN (λ1=0.3,λ3=0.5,D=30) Figure 8. The non-periodic signaling overhead with different number of RAs (λ1=0.3,λ2=0.2,λ3=0.5). 320 HSCA Fig. 8 shows that the non-periodic signaling overhead 300 SCSDA of HSCA rises rapidly with the number of RAs increasing 280 from 1 to 20, while it rises slowly with the number of 260 the signaling overhead RAs increasing from 20 to 300. When there are a few 240 RAs (less than 20), the number of APs in a basic grid is 220 large, and the probability that one or more cells change 200 load states in a basic grid is large, which makes the 180 probability of transferring load information from RA to 160 IS large, as a result, the signaling overhead of HSCA 140 rises rapidly with the number of RAs increasing from 1 to 120 20; vice versa. 100 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 Comparing Fig. 7 with Fig. 8, it can be seen that the the traffic arrival rate of WiMax (calls/s) non-periodic signaling overhead of the two architectures Figure 11. The signaling overhead of the two architectures with is much smaller than the periodic one. Therefore, it can different traffic arrival rate of WiMax (λ1=0.3,λ2=0.2,D=30). save lots of resources to employ the mode of transferring load information non-periodically. and drops slowly with λ1 increasing from 0.65 to 1. The The relationship between the non-periodic signaling above phenomenon is due to the following aspects. When overhead of the two architectures and the traffic arrival λ1 increases from 0 to 0.15, UMTS cells always have rate of the three systems are shown in Fig. 9, 10, and 11. small amount of subscribers and are always in under- The following conclusions can be drawn from Fig. 9: loaded state, which causes RSs hardly to transfer load in UMTS cells, the signaling overhead of the two information to RA. When λ1 increases from 0.15 to 0.32, architectures remains the same with λ1 increasing from 0 the probability that the number of subscribers varies in to 0.15, rises gradually with λ1 increasing from 0.15 to the vicinity of k11 and k12 increases gradually, and system states change frequently. As a result, the probability that © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 629 RSs transfer load information to RA increases gradually. information once between one WiMax LBA and one When λ1 increases from 0.32 to 0.65, the probability that UMTS LBA, a3' denotes the signaling overhead of the number of subscribers exceeds k12 increases transferring load information once between one WiMax gradually, and the system states hardly change, which LBA and one WLAN LBA, a4' denotes the signaling makes the probability that RSs located in UMTS APs transfer load information to RA reduce gradually. When overhead of transferring load information once between λ1 increases from 0.65 to 1, UMTS cells are almost two UMTS LBAs, a5' denotes the signaling overhead of always in the overloaded state as a result of large number transferring load information once between one UMTS of subscribers, which leads to the probability that RSs LBA and one WLAN LBA. transfer load information to RA smaller and smaller. For problem tractability, we assume that a1' = a2 = a3 ' ' The tendencies of the curves in Fig. 10 and 11 are = a4 = a5 , then (A1) can be reduced to: ' ' similar with that in Fig. 9, and the reasons are also similar. It is unnecessary to give more details. 1 ' O1' = ⋅ a1 ⋅ ( 4 A1 + 2 A2 + 3 A3 ) . (A2) T VI. CONCLUSIONS The non-periodic signaling overhead of transferring In this paper, we proposed a hierarchical semi- load information among LBAs in unit time is centralized architecture based on basic grids for load 1 ' balancing of heterogeneous wireless networks. An IS is O2 = ' ⋅ a1 ⋅ ( 4 A1 ⋅ Pr1 + 2 A2 ⋅ Pr2 + 3 A3 ⋅ Pr3 ) . (A3) not only a superior server of RAs but also a backup for T RAs, which improves the system reliability; the standby IS and the two junction lines between each RA and IS ACKNOWLEDGMENT make a further improvement on system reliability. It has been shown in our simulation that HSCA can reduce This work was supported by the National Natural signaling overhead to a great degree while maintaining a Science Foundation of China (No. 60972028). very high reliability. The proposed network architecture has properly solved the problem of low reliability in REFERENCES centralized load balancing and high overhead in [1] S. Buljore, H. Harada, S. Filin, P. Houze, K. Tsagkaris, O. distributed load balancing. 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Yu, "A dynamic central scheduler load balancing mechanism," 1995 IEEE Fourteenth Annual = ⎣( a2 + 3a4 ) A1 + ( a3 + a5 ) A2 + 3a1 A3 ⎤ 1⎡ ' ' ' ' ' T ⎦ International Phoenix Conference on Computers and Communications, pp.734–740, Mar. 1995. where, a1' denotes the signaling overhead of transferring [9] G. Q. Ning, G. X. Zhu, "Load balancing based on traffic selection in heterogeneous overlapping cellular networks load information once between two WiMax LBAs, (in Chinese)," Journal of Chinese Computer Systems, a2 denotes the signaling overhead of transferring load ' vol.27, no.11, pp.2036–2041, Nov. 2006. © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER 630 JOURNAL OF NETWORKS, VOL. 6, NO. 4, APRIL 2011 [10] G. Q. Ning, G. X. Zhu, L. X. Peng, X. F. Lu, "Load Wenxiao Shi received the Master degree balancing based on traffic selection in heterogeneous of Engineering from Harbin Institute of overlapping cellular networks," The First IEEE and IFIP Technology in 1991 and Ph.D in International Conference in Central Asia on Internet, Sept. 2005. Communication and Information System from Jilin University in 2006. He is now [11] I. Bird, B. Jones, K. F. Kee, "The Organization and Management of Grid Infrastructures," Computer, vol.42, a Professor of Department of no.1, pp.36–46, Jan. 2009. Communication Engineering in Jilin [12] F. Yin, C. J. Jiang, R. Deng, J. J. Yuan, "Grid resource University. His research interests include management policies for load-balancing and energy-saving broadband communication theories and by vacation queuing theory," Computers and Electrical wireless communication network. Engineering, vol.35, no.6, pp.966–979, Nov. 2009. He is a co-author of the textbook principle and applications [13] C. L. Li, L. Y. Li, "Optimization decomposition approach of communication network (Publishing House of Electronics for layered QoS scheduling in grid computing," Journal of Industry, 2008), Fast dynamic channel allocation algorithm Systems Architecture, vol.53, no.11, pp.816–832, Nov. based on priority channel reservation (Journal on 2007. Communications, 2009), and Hot-cell clusters deriving [14] G. Rumi, L. Kristina, "Structure of heterogeneous algorithm for slow dynamic channel allocation (Journal on networks," 12th IEEE International Conference on Communications, 2009). He has a long-term cooperation with Computational Science and Engineering, CSE 2009, vol.4, pp.98–105, Aug. 2009. China Mobile Group Guangdong Company, engaging in the theory and technology research of programming and optimizing, [15] B. Venkata Ramana, Devesh Agrawal, C. Siva Ram Murthy, "Design and performance evaluation of performance evaluation and quality analysis in mobile meghadoot – A hybrid wireless network architecture," communication network. He engaged in the research of wireless 2006 IEEE International Conference on Networks, vol.2, resource management technology, and was responsible for the pp.605–610, Sept. 2006. project of The Science-Technology Plan of Jilin Province: Fast [16] P. Arun, V. Rajesh, T. Rajeev, N. Kshirasagar, "Multiple Dynamic Channel Allocation technology in TD-SCDMA; mobile routers based seamless handover scheme for next current is responsible for the project of The National Natural generation heterogeneous networks," First International Science Foundation of China: researching on distributed Grid- Conference on Networks and Communications, NETCOM based heterogeneous wireless network architecture and load 2009, pp.72–77, Dec. 2009. balancing methods. [17] M. X. Li, D. L. Xie, B. Hu, Y. Shi, S. Z. Chen, "A multi- Prof. Shi is a member of Institute of Communications of Jilin hop routing mechanism based on fuzzy estimation for Province and China Association of Automation of Jilin Province. heterogeneous wireless networks," IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, pp.1–5, Sept. 2009. [18] K. Mokhtarian, M. Hefeeda, "Authentication of Scalable Bin Li received the Bachelor Degree in Video Streams with Low Communication Overhead," Communication Engineering from Jilin IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, in press. University in 2008. He is now a [19] K. Sharif, L. J. Cao, Y. Wang, T. Dahlberg, "A Hybrid postgraduate student of Jilin University. Anycast Routing Protocol for Load Balancing in His research interests include Core Heterogeneous Access Networks," International Network technology of GPRS, Radio Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, Resource Management technology in ICCCN 2008, pp.99–104, Aug. 2008. TD-SCDMA and Load Balancing [20] A. Zouari, L. Suciu, J. M. Bonnin, K. Guillouard, "A technology for Wireless Heterogeneous Proactive and Distributed QoS Negotiation Approach for Networks. He is a co-author for two papers and a patent now. Heterogeneous Environments: An Evaluation of QoS Signalling Overhead," The 2nd International Conference on Next Generation Mobile Applications, Services, and Na Li received the Bachelor Degree in Technologies, NGMAST 2008, pp.41–46, Sept. 2008. Communication Engineering from Jilin [21] A. Behr, L. Camarinopoulos, G. Pampoukis , " University in 2009. She is now a Domination of k-out-of-n systems," IEEE Transactions graduate student of Jilin University. His on Reliability, vol.44, no.4, pp.705–708, Dec. 1995. current research interests include the [22] H. Frank, I. Frisch, "Analysis and Design of Survivable Load Balancing technology for Wireless Networks," IEEE Transactions on Communication Heterogeneous Networks. Technology, vol.18, no.5, pp.501–519, Oct. 1970. [23] W. X. Shi, L. C. Zhang, K. G. Hu, Communication networks theory (in Chinese). Changchun, China: Jilin University Press, 2001. [24] F. Houeto, S. Pierre, R. Beaubrun, Y. Lemieux, Chuanjun Xia received the Bachelor "Reliability and cost evaluation of third-generation Degree in Communication Engineering wireless access network topologies: a case study," IEEE from Jilin University in 2008. He is now Transactions on Reliability, vol.51, no.2, pp.229–239, Jun. a postgraduate student of Jilin 2002. University. His current research interests [25] W. X. Shi, L. C. Zhang, K. G. Hu, Y. Dong, include Load Balancing Technology for Communication network: principle and applications(in Wireless Heterogeneous Networks. Chinese). Beijing, China: Publishing House of Electronics Industry, 2008. © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER


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Election result according to The Onion
PUBLISHED: 07 Nov 2012 17:29:06 | UPDATED: 07 Nov 2012 17:29:06PRINT EDITION: 07 Nov 2012It may not strictly be a story about uncertainty in financial markets, but I think satirical newspaper The Onion would understand why the markets rallied today.
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Dictionary » U » Ulnar collateral ligament Ulnar collateral ligamentulnar collateral ligament --> ulnar collateral ligament of elbow The triangular ligament extending from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the medial side of the coronoid process and olecranon of the ulna. Synonym: ligamentum collaterale ulnare, medial collateral ligament of elbow, ulnar collateral ligament. Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page
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Publications (2)3.46 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: Mechano-growth factor (MGF) is a product of a unique muscle-specific splice variant of the insulin-like growth factor I gene. Potential use of MGF to improve regenerative capability of skeletal muscle as well as to prevent neuronal damage has been widely discussed. Human MGF was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, but the yield of the recombinant protein was low due to its rapid degradation. The proteinase B was identified as the enzyme responsible for MGF processing. A yeast strain with Deltaprb1 deletion was created resulting in a fivefold increase of MGF yield that reached 50 mg/l. The biological activity of recombinant MGF was verified in a proliferation assay employing human postnatal myoblasts.Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology 01/2010; 18(3):188-94. · 1.95 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: MGF is a product of a unique muscle-specific splice variant of IGF1 gene (insulin-like growth factor). Its peculiar feature is a specific E-peptide, a 16 a.a. strand at the C-terminus. MGF increases cellular proliferation and inhibits terminal differentiation of myoblasts necessary for the secondary myotube formation. Previous analysis of physiological effects of MGF was performed using indirect methods such as RT-PCR based examination of the transcript contents in normal tissues, adenovirus-mediated DNA delivery and synthetic E-domain administration. Here, we describe isolation and purification of recombinant MGF thus allowing for the first time the possibility of direct examining MGF effects. The recombinant MGF of directly examining--was expressed in Escherichia coli as inclusion bodies (about 100-200mg/l), purified and refolded. Biological activity of refolded MGF was analyzed in vitro in proliferation assays with normal human myoblasts. As a result of our work, it has become possible to generate a standard MGF control with characterized activity and a ready-to use MGF test-system neither of which have been previously described. Our data open opportunities for the future works on MGF characterization and to the development of a powerful and highly specific therapeutic agent potentially applicable for muscle growth up-regulation, post-trauma muscle repair, age and hereditary myodystrophy mitigation and in sport medicine.Protein Expression and Purification 04/2008; 58(1):70-7. · 1.51 Impact Factor
Publication Stats
7 | Citations | |
3.46 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
Russian Academy of Sciences
- A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry
Moskva, Moscow, Russia