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Parents continue legacy of son who died waiting for lung transplant
Marc Quinet and Suzanne Camu will not give up. The life and death of their only child, Thomas, will not be in vain, his father vows.
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Marc Quinet and Suzanne Camu will not give up.
Yes, their 14-year-old son and only child, Thomas, died Sept. 4, awaiting his second double lung transplant at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children. But Thomas' life — and death — will not be in vain, his father vows.
The stories:
"I'm trying to fashion a plan that reflects my burning need to honour my son's life … and yet address practical issues," he says in a phone interview from their Ottawa home.
The Star followed Thomas in a series about organ and tissue donation and transplantation. The family relocated to Toronto while waiting for Thomas' second chance for a lifesaver.
For now, the couple is working on a Thank You Project, writing notes to everyone who reached out, made a donation in Thomas' name or attended one of the memorial services after his death.
"It's in the hundreds," Quinet says quietly, with a tone of awe.
"It's made the grieving process — if I can say it — a little bit easier. While we miss him terribly and we'd do anything to have him back ... we also realize that we are very fortunate in many ways. We're where we're at now because of that tremendous support."
And where they are now is able to cope with staying in Ottawa for Christmas. Earlier this fall, that thought was inconceivable.
They went to Myrtle Beach for Halloween . "Our last Halloween was really special," he says. "Our son was in his element." Thomas donned a costume — half Superman, half Clark Kent — and the family was directed to a North York neighbourhood that takes Halloween to new heights.
Many people asked about Thomas' health — he was on oxygen and had to be pushed in a wheelchair — and the compassion expressed was palpable, Quinet says. "That really translated into extra candy, of course," he adds with a laugh.
"It was such a strong memory and the most recent one, we didn't want to be anywhere near Ottawa, opening (the door) to the 30 or 40 families we get every year," he says. "It was just too fresh."
Camu retired a year ago from her job with the federal government. Quinet closed his learning centre two years ago, when Thomas was placed on the transplant waiting list for that second time. He made contact with everyone possible during the 18 months they spent in Toronto while waiting.
They want to take everything they have learned and experienced and help others.
The couple is interested in volunteering for Trillium Gift of Life — Ontario's agency mandated with organ and tissue donation and transplant. They will maintain a relationship with the David Foster Foundation, which paid their living expenses in Toronto and hope to work with Canadian Blood Services, which has responsibilities relating to organ and tissue donation and transplant.
"I feel that there is a role starting to emerge, where maybe our family can help bring these groups and organizations together," he says. "That's one of my goals next year."
Ultimately, Quinet would like a paid position in the field. There is much to be done to boost Ontario's donor registration rate of 19 per cent. There are typically more than 1500 people waiting for life-saving organ transplants in Ontario at any given time. Every three days one of them dies. Many hundreds more await tissue transplants.
It was Thomas who wanted to be part of our series on people waiting for transplants. He asked his father to contact the Star last year because he wanted his life to be part of the solution.
"I can always point back that my son was the gift in all of this," Quinet says. "Tom left us his legacy … My son lived long enough to leave that kind of memory."
Register to be an organ and tissue donor at beadonor.ca
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Dictionary » E » Expansion ExpansionExpansion 1. The act of expanding or spreading out; the condition of being expanded; dilation; enlargement. 2. That which is expanded; expanse; extend surface; as the expansion of a sheet or of a lake; the expansion was formed of metal. The starred expansion of the skies. (Beattie) 3. Space thought which anything is expanded; also, pure space. Lost in expansion, void and infinite. (Blackmore) 4. Enlargement or extension of business transaction; especially, increase of the circulation of bank notes. 5. (Science: mathematics) The developed result of an indicated operation; as, the expansion of (a _ b)^2 is a^2 _ 2ab _ b^2. 6. The operation of steam in a cylinder after its communication with the boiler has been cut off, by which it continues to exert pressure upon the moving piston. 7. (Science: astronomy) The enlargement of the ship mathematically from a model or drawing to the full or building size, in the process of construction. expansion is also used adjectively, as in expansion joint, expansion gear, etc. Expansion curve, a curve the coordinates of which show the relation between the pressure and volume of expanding gas or vapor; especially. a cut-off valve, to shut off steam from the cylinder before the end of each stroke. origin 3e4 Please contribute to this project, if you have more information about this term feel free to edit this page Results from our forumChoosing A Black Or Brown Covering For Sleep Room... geese nonetheless, jacket inside, parka outletA playing fields at Saucon Park in Bethlehem surely undoubtedly prime example having large goose expansion. With winter coming, every body is beginning to shop all around for your heat winter coat. Canada Goose Online Outlet To fulfill the wintertime ...
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Re:... thesis with determinists. In classical mathematics, the probability of a real number being computable is zero. This means that the continued expansion of a string generated by non-algorithmic means, has a zero probability of being computable. We can construct such a string from controlled ...
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Cell wall extension- shearing units??I am currently reading about the plant cell wall and it's expansion (for an assignment which happens to be in tomorrow!) and have come across a term i cannot find the explanation for- shearing units . Any help would be greatly appreciated (even if past ...
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Re: Re:... a bad gel as far as I can tell. And yes, I do see familiar pattern. Here is another example of poor gel: http://aem.asm.org/content/66/4/1423/F1.expansion.html
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Re: Unidirectional ORI, Onion-Skin-Model... expansion.html&imgurl=http://genesdev.cshlp.org/content/12/5/734/F1.large.jpg&w=1800&h=1432&ei=XAs_UNSKG4nbtAaA_IF4&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=748&vpy=78&dur=2337&hovh=200&hovw=252&tx=81&ty=144&sig=115576367408367797349&page=4&tbnh=160&tbnw=201&ndsp=33&ved=1t:429,r:13,s:92,i:46
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EU's Socialist Politicians Come Out Strongly Against Corporate Sovereignty -- To A Certain Extent...
from the definite-maybe dept
The S&D Group opposes the inclusion of ISDS in Trade Agreements in which other options to enforce investment protection are available, whether domestic or international. In agreements with countries that have fully functioning legal systems and in which no risks of political interference in the judiciary or denial of justice have been identified, ISDS is not necessary.That seems clear enough: "opposes the inclusion," "ISDS is not necessary." But of course, statements from political groups are never that simple. Later on, the paper says:
The S&D Group has already on numerous occasions expressed its serious reservations concerning ISDS. In particular in the case of TTIP, we have made it clear that we do not see a need for its inclusion and have called for it to be excluded when negotiations for the investment chapter start.Here, the S&D Group does not "see a need for its inclusion" of ISDS in TTIP, which is a rather weaker statement. The paper concludes:
We have an interest in a good TTIP that becomes a gold standard agreement. We do not want to see this opportunity jeopardized by the inclusion of provisions on ISDS which are not acceptable to the S&D Group, a majority in the European Parliament, and the general public.Now, that could mean two different things. Either:
We do not want to see this opportunity jeopardized by the inclusion of provisions on ISDS, since these will be unacceptable.Or:
We do not want to see this opportunity jeopardized by the inclusion of provisions on ISDS if they take a form that is unacceptable.The first is a categorical rejection of corporate sovereignty in TTIP, the second is a rejection of certain kinds of ISDS, but not the idea itself. Clearly, then, the difference is significant: in the first case, S&D would vote against TAFTA/TTIP if it contains ISDS, while in the second, it might tolerate corporate sovereignty if certain conditions are met, and vote in favor of TTIP. That second position could well become that of the European Parliament itself. That's because the "draft report on Parliament's recommendations to the Commission on the negotiations for the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership" (pdf), put together by the European Parliament's Committee on International Trade, includes the following paragraph on corporate sovereignty:
Given the EU's and the US developed legal systems, a state-to-state dispute settlement system and the use of national courts are the most appropriate tools to address investment disputes. Should ISDS provisions be included in the TTIP, it seems to be clear, that further reforms to the current model, are critical to avoid the problems that have arisen under the provisions in existing FTAs and BITs. Now that the results of the public consultation are available, a reflection processes is needed within and between the three European institutions on the needed reforms. Investors abroad have to be treated in a non-discriminatory fashion and should have a fair opportunity to seek and achieve redress of grievances. This can be attained in TTIP without the inclusion of ISDS provisions.This notes that ISDS is not needed in TTIP, but does not go so far as to reject it outright, and even speaks of what needs to be done "should ISDS provisions be included."
Clearly, then, the politicians are hedging here. They have noted -- how could they not? -- the huge rejection of ISDS by the public in the consultation carried out last year, and the 1.5 million signatures on the European petition against TTIP. But they are obviously unwilling to reject ISDS outright, not least because some MEPs, notably those from the conservative parties in the European Parliament, are largely behind TTIP, and do not want it jeopardized because of a statement that any form of ISDS is unacceptable.
What this means in practice, as in the US, is that the politicians will continue to try to gauge the public mood as they re-calibrate their responses. The latest statement by the S&D Group is part of that complex dance: an important rejection of corporate sovereignty, but by no means a definitive one.
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ES Grabs?
- Back To:
- Board List
- Topic List
- Topic Archived
--- ... | |
Grab, then use a smash attack. I recommend doing it on Friends since there's an assload of veteran gnolls to kill in it. --- `·.,¸¸,.·´¯`·.·´¯`·.·« Chirpy13 »·.·´¯`·.·´¯`·.,¸¸,.·´ http://seimoe.seiha.org/src/1190919414009.gif | |
not just that, you have to be up against a wall or pillar. your character will grab them, throw them against the wall, then shoulder charge em. it's different from the normal back breaker grab smash. --- 2010 Chicago Bears: 4-3. Next: Bye You are the only exception... | |
^Naw, it doesn't matter as long as the smash kills it. --- `·.,¸¸,.·´¯`·.·´¯`·.·« Chirpy13 »·.·´¯`·.·´¯`·.,¸¸,.·´ http://i21.photobucket.com/albums/b279/xdonthave1xx/Okuu.gif | |
yes it does, i couldn't get the 10 neck smasher kills even when i was in perilous ruins when i just did the back breaker smash. switched to the wall smash and got it real fast. --- 2010 Chicago Bears: 4-3. Next: Bye You are the only exception... | |
I did tons of the back breaking smashes when I had like 9 left to do on that title. It didn't work. I didn't get it until I started smashing them against the wall. --- http://www.last.fm/user/Goku6000000/ | |
Really? I'm damn near positive I haven't done more than 30-40 or so wall smashes and I have the title... --- `·.,¸¸,.·´¯`·.·´¯`·.·« Chirpy13 »·.·´¯`·.·´¯`·.,¸¸,.·´ http://img835.imageshack.us/img835/3793/38805625.png | |
ES stands for Environmental Smash, which is any grab that makes use of the walls/objects. i don't know if the "kick the victim into a group of enemies" counts, but i think it's a safe bet that it does. counter doesn't go up until you relog, which is an irritating bug. --- You just lost the game. | |
That's one of the most annoying bugs in the game so far IMO. --- "I'm not reading reviews when I can just ask this board." - TormakSaber asking about Sam & Max on the TF2 board | |
I'm certain any grab + smash works, even the normal one where you do the backbreaker. I have all the grab titles and I almost never bother to walk them to a wall, cliff, or object/enemy. There is no way I have all those titles if those backbreakers didnt count. |
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Character creation: Glow questions | dhsolid | 3 | 2/17 2:08PM |
Vindictus Board Sticky - All your newbie questions answered | chocomog | 45 | 1/5 4:20AM |


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7th January 2013
Video: Chick-Fil-A gives pranksters a free chicken burger for renouncing their homosexuality 17
6:59 PM — Pranksters from the Chick-Fil-A Foundation have exchanged a fake coupon for a meal on the condition that they renounced their homosexuality.
US Supreme Court schedules two day hearing for same-sex marriage cases 4
6:28 PM — The US Supreme Court has announced that it will hear two days of arguments relating to same-sex marriage at the end of March.
Former Archbishop of Glasgow: Same-sex marriage is 'morally defective' 59
4:33 PM — The Catholic Archbishop of Glasgow Mario Conti has described same-sex marriage as "morally defective" and has urged the Scottish Government not to equate "homosexual unions with heterosexual marriage."
Rupert Everett: I was a slut because I was furious at Catholicism 61
1:49 PM — In an interview with the Sunday Times, the gay actor Rupert Everett has said that he was a slut because he was furious with his Catholic faith.
David Cameron: We haven't made it clear enough that churches won't be forced to marry gay couples 31
11:28 AM — David Cameron has reaffirmed his commitment to same-sex marriage but said that the Government hasn't communicated the changes very well to those who fear changes being imposed on churches.
6th January 2013
Francoise Hollande supports education minister on Catholic school equal marriage row 15
5:13 PM — French President, Francois Hollande voiced his support for his education minister who wrote a controversial letter urging Catholic schools to avoid bringing the issue of equal marriage into the classroom.
Mario Monti: Decision on Italian marriage equality should be made by parliament 9
4:38 PM — The Italian Premier, Mario Monti, who is backed by the Vatican for his re-election bid, has said that gay rights issues, including marriage equality, should be decided by parliament, not his governement, if he is successful.
Vatican newspaper says equal marriage 'deceives humanity', compares it to communism 67
1:43 AM — In not the first attack of its kind, the semi-official newspaper of the Vatican has likened global moves towards marriage equality to 20th century socialist promises which "deceived humanity".
Chile: Marriage equality becomes a key issue in presidential debates 6
1:11 AM — The issue of marriage equality became majorly divisive during the first televised debate between two potential presidential nominees for the Chilean Christian Democrat party.
5th January 2013
France: A majority of French people would like a referendum on equal marriage 32
1:17 AM — A new survey has revealed that more than two thirds of French people would like a referendum on marriage equality and adoption rights for same-sex couples.
Navy Chaplin: Newt Gingrich was tempted by demons to accept same-sex marriage 30
12:49 AM — A former Navy chaplain who was disgraced by the military for his role in a protest in 2006 has said that Republican politician Newt Gingrich is pandering to "homosexual sin" and tempted by the devil with his acceptance of same-sex marriage.
4th January 2013
Gay Israeli MP conducts unofficial same-sex marriage ceremonies outside Rabbinic Court 10
2:01 PM — Gay Israeli member of the Israeli Parliament or Knesset, Nitzan Horowitz has conducted three unofficial same-sex wedding ceremonies in front of the rabbinical court.
Comment: A story about politics, friendship and equal marriage by a schoolboy 19
12:34 PM — Writing for PinkNews.co.uk, Matthew Davies, a young college student in rural Hampshire explains how he previously felt unable to tell his friends to support equal marriage – until now.
Illinois: Senate Committee approves same-sex marriage bill
1:13 AM — Although Democrats in the state of Illinois have delayed a full Senate vote that was planned for Thursday to make same-sex marriage legal, the Senate Committee approved the bill a few hours ago.
3rd January 2013
Illinois Democrats delay vote on making same-sex marriage legal 3
9:36 PM — Democrats in the state of Illinois have delayed a vote that was planned for today to make same-sex marriage legal. Senator Heather Steans, Democrat State Senator for Mr Obama's home city of Chicago hoped to answer Governor Pat Quinn's wish that he can sign into law equal marriage as early as this month.
Gay Catholic Mass organisers: We're stopping services because we're victims of our own success 42
6:53 PM — Following reports yesterday that Archbishop of Westminster Vincent Nichols had ruled that masses throughout Soho in central London, designed specifically for gay people must end, the organisers of the masses say that they are ceasing their masses because they are victims of their own success.
Comment: Gay sex needs to be taught in schools regardless of what MPs think 30
3:48 PM — Benjamin Butterworth argues that despite what MPs such as Welsh Conservative David Davies says, you can't indoctrinate teenagers into gay sex. He reveals how he assumed the question 'are you a top or a bottom?' referred to bunk beds when he was first asked.
Tory MP: Gay couples are being treated 'equally' – so there's no need for same-sex marriage 86
1:53 PM — Following a meeting with community religious leaders, Conservative MP John Stevenson says he remains opposed to equal marriage.
UK: Teenage campaigner gathers support for marriage equality on Boxing Day 9
5:22 AM — A gay teenage marriage equality campaigner collected signatures on Boxing Day, after learning that her local MP was to vote against marriage equality, and found that many of his constituents support equal marriage.
Republican Chairman: It is time for people to support marriage equality 12
4:48 AM — A Republican Party chairman has urged lawmakers to get behind a proposal to legalise marriage equality in Illinois.


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Market and CSA season isn't too far off but until your crisper is brimming with North Mississippi's finest locally-grown veggies, keep your spirits up by using local ingredients whenever you can!
Larry and Joanne Mardis (and their bees!) out in Taylor offer some of the best tasting honey you can find. During market season, they're at Mid-Town and OXCM but you can always grab a jar at the Farmer's Market Store, Living Foods and Larson's Cash Saver.
This isn't necessarily "health food" granola, but it sure is good! Perfect for a weekend brunch, this indulgent granola is sweet with just a touch of sea salt and is delicious with Brown's Dairy milk!
Chocolate Coconut Granola
with Mardis Honey
3 cups old-fashioned rolled oats
1/2 cup unsweetened coconut flakes (I used Bob's Red Mill)
1 cup organic chocolate chips
1/2 cup nuts (I used local pecans)
1/3 Mardis Honey
1/2 almond butter
3 TBS unsweetened cocoa
Few dashes of cinnamon
Pinch of sea salt to taste
Over medium low heat, combine chocolate chips, almond butter, honey and cocoa. Melt and stir until smooth. Careful it doesn't burn.
In large mixing bowl, combine oats, nuts, cinnamon, and coconut. Add chocolate mixture and stir until oats are coated. Toss in sea salt and taste. Adjust honey and salt to achieve the perfect level of sweetness/saltiness.
Spread out on large baking sheet and pop in the oven at 275 degrees until lightly browned and toasty, about 20 minutes. Stir frequently during baking.


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Stopping an Iranian bomb
- By Stephen M. WaltStephen M. Walt is the Robert and Renée Belfer professor of international relations at Harvard University.
In a thoughtful dissection of the seemingly endless debate on Iran's nuclear program (and the various proponents of military action), Andrew Sullivan says "For my part, I cannot see how we can prevent Iran from getting a nuclear bomb." Sullivan is no fan of military action, but I suspect his view is widespread. Some think the inevitability of Iran's getting the bomb is a reason to attack them now; for others, it is an argument for turning to robust containment.
I'm against the former and would favor the latter if necessary, but I do not think it is a foregone conclusion that Iran will actually go forward and acquire a nuclear weapons capability. In particular, I can think of two good reasons why a smart Iranian leader would not want to cross the nuclear threshold.
First, an Iranian nuclear weapons capability means that they will automatically be suspected if a nuclear detonation takes place anywhere in the world. Right now, Iran does not have to fear retaliation should an act of nuclear terrorism occur, because we know with high confidence that they have no weapons at present. But if the Islamic Republic were known to have a nuclear weapons capability, and a terrorist used a weapon somewhere, I'd bet that it would be pretty high up on the suspect list. Nuclear forensics could in theory rule them out, but these techniques are not perfectly reliable and it's not obvious how clearly anyone would be thinking at that awful moment. Powerful countries like the United States have a way of lashing out when they are attacked, and they might not be all that careful to make sure they had the right perpetrator. After all, Saddam Hussein had nothing to do with 9/11, but the Bush administration used that attack as a pretext to gin up a campaign against him. So Iran might want to think twice about crossing the nuclear threshold and inviting retaliation, even for acts in which it was not involved.
Second, and equally important, Iran has by far the greatest power potential of any country in the Persian Gulf. It has more people, more economic potential, and plenty of oil and gas too. If it ever had competent political leadership it would easily be the strongest conventional power in its neighborhood. But if it gets an overt nuclear capability, that act would raise the likelihood that other states in the region (Turkey, Saudi Arabia, even Iraq) would follow suit. It is far from certain that they would, but it would certainly make it more likely. And if they do, this step would partially negate Iran's conventional advantages.
Accordingly, a farsighted Iranian strategist should want to acquire a "latent" nuclear capability (and thus the ability to get a bomb quickly if needed), while making it clear to others that it had not crossed the line. (If I had to guess, that is what I think they are trying to do.) This means that it may be possible to convince them not to weaponize, mostly by not creating a situation where they decide that having an overt deterrent is worth the costs and risks. Needless to say, U.S. and Israeli policy is the exact opposite today: we ramp up sanctions, talk openly of regime change, conduct various acts of sabotage and/or covert action against them (the STUXNET virus, assassinations of Iranian scientists, etc.), and basically behave in ways that we would regard as acts of war if anyone did them to us. And then we wonder why Iran's leaders are so reluctant to end their nuclear program.
There are valid reasons to be concerned about Iran, even though the actual threat is poses is vastly overblown. Iran is an increasingly brittle and sclerotic regime of old men, who are mostly desperate to preserve an aging "revolution," and it is no longer an inspiration for anyone. Its economy is presently troubled and its military budget is about 2 percent the size of our own. Those who now seek to portray it as some vast Islamic menace really do not deserve to be taken seriously.
But it is also too early to conclude that there is "no way to prevent Iran" from getting the bomb. Ten-plus years of pressure and rhetoric haven't gotten us anywhere, and a military strike would solidify support for the regime, give it even more incentive to get a nuclear deterrent, and unleash all sorts of unpredictable forces within the region.
The only approach that stands any chance of success is genuine diplomacy (as opposed to the Obama administration's half-hearted version of same). Sadly, we aren't going to see any serious diplomacy in an election year, and probably not afterwards. Sullivan may turn out to be right, but not because there was no way to prevent an Iranian bomb. If Tehran eventually joins the nuclear club, it will be at least in part because we never made serious, smart and sophisticated effort to persuade them not to.
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Josh RoginJosh Rogin covers national security and foreign policy and writes the daily Web column The Cable. His column appears bi-weekly in the print edition of The Washington Post. He can be reached for comments or tips at firstname.lastname@example.com.
Previously, Josh covered defense and foreign policy as a staff writer for Congressional Quarterly, writing extensively on Iraq, Afghanistan, Guantánamo Bay, U.S.-Asia relations, defense budgeting and appropriations, and the defense lobbying and contracting industries. Prior to that, he covered military modernization, cyber warfare, space, and missile defense for Federal Computer Week Magazine. He has also served as Pentagon Staff Reporter for the Asahi Shimbun, Japan's leading daily newspaper, in its Washington, D.C., bureau, where he reported on U.S.-Japan relations, Chinese military modernization, the North Korean nuclear crisis, and more.
A graduate of George Washington University's Elliott School of International Affairs, Josh lived in Yokohama, Japan, and studied at Tokyo's Sophia University. He speaks conversational Japanese and has reported from the region. He has also worked at the House International Relations Committee, the Embassy of Japan, and the Brookings Institution.
Josh's reporting has been featured on CNN, MSNBC, C-Span, CBS, ABC, NPR, WTOP, and several other outlets. He was a 2008-2009 National Press Foundation's Paul Miller Washington Reporting Fellow, 2009 military reporting fellow with the Knight Center for Specialized Journalism and the 2011 recipient of the InterAction Award for Excellence in International Reporting. He hails from Philadelphia and lives in Washington, D.C.
| The Cable |


text: INDONESIA: The Causes, Effects and Lessons of the 1997 East Asian Financial Crisis by Zara Ahmed Julia Dreier Frank Ro April 9, 2007 FSPP 556: Macroeconomics Professor Kathryn Dominguez 1 Indonesia's Economy at a glance: Introduction GDP (adjusted for PPP): $935 billion Following its independence in 1945, the Indonesia (2006 est.) economy deteriorated drastically as a result of political instability, GDP (real growth rate): 5.4% a young inexperienced government, and ill-disciplined economic GDP (per capita): $3,800 Unemployment: 12.5% nationalism. However, the New Order administration in the Population below poverty line: 17.8% 1960s, brought about a new degree of discipline to economic policy that quickly brought inflation down, managed foreign debt, Source: CIA Factbook but more importantly, attracted foreign investment through financial liberalization. As massive inflows of foreign investment poured into the country, problems soon arose with regulation and oversight. These structural weaknesses created instability and ultimately multiplied the effects of the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. With strong encouragement of the IMF, Indonesia adopted a set of policies to protect currency values and penalize insolvent companies, in order to restore investor and creditor confidence in the country. Despite assistance from the International Monetary Fund, the Crisis devastated the Indonesian economy and brought on massive social unrest. This paper consists of six parts. We intend to analyze pre, during, and post-crisis trends utilizing such macroeconomic models as the Mundell-Fleming model, the IS-LM model, and the open economy model for calculating exchange rates. First we provide a brief overview of the Asian Financial Crisis. The second part of the paper analyzes why the crisis happened; moreover, what policies lead to the crisis. Third, we provide an in depth examination of Indonesia's response to the crisis. Forth, we evaluate what went wrong with Indonesia's macroeconomic response to the crisis through the models. Fifth, we examine what occurred in the aftermath of the crisis. The final part of this paper analyzes the future steps and outlook for Indonesia. The Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 During the late 1980s and early 1990s, international investors became enamored by the potential of emerging markets in Asia, particularly in Indonesia. As a result investment flowed into Indonesia during this period, particularly into a rapidly developing export-oriented manufacturing sector, and the Indonesian economy grew over 7% annually. (Appendix A) Moreover, with low US interest rates and slowed economic growth in Japan, foreign investors increasingly poured capital into East Asia. Other East Asian countries like Thailand, Malaysia, South Korea, and the Philippines also experienced substantial inflows of foreign capital. However, the attractiveness of these investment opportunities began to weaken around the mid- nineties, when the US Federal Reserve began raising interest rates; thus, the rising value of the dollar made investing within the US more attractive. Furthermore, since the rupiah, Indonesia national currency, was pegged to the dollar, its value decrease, as did the competitiveness of their exports. In early 1997, increased skepticism regarding Thailand's economy led to speculation of a potential devaluation of the Thai currency (the baht). Investors such as George Soros began to attack the currency, buying baht with the goal of "selling short." Moreover, as capital began to flee the country, Thai citizens increasingly began to fear the devaluation as well, which further depreciated foreign reserves. Upon exhausting its reserves, the Thai government was forced to float the baht on July 2, 1997, leading to an immediate devaluation of 15-20%.i Thailand's devaluation induced a panic among investors. As a result of this growing speculation, foreign investors began calling in for their short-term loans and selling their investments. Domestic residents, who had also feared the devaluation, also began to send their capital abroad. This situation continued to perpetuate until it finally reached Indonesia. 2 Under the IS-LM Model we can observe how the crisis developed. Interest Rate LM0 6 *Note: The slope Real (steepness) of the IS (and LM) curve depends on how sensitive output Equilibrium (money demand) is to changes in the interest rate. Nominal 3 Expected Deflation 5 1 2 IS1 IS0 Y= Y1 4 Y0 Output (1) Investors expect devaluation of the rupiah, due the increasing value of the US dollar and what occurred in Thailand. (2) Reluctance to borrow: because loans will have to be repaid in more valuable dollars the IS curve shifts inwards. (3) Fall in invest: depresses planned expenditure, which in turn depresses income from Y1 to Y2 (4) The fall in income, which decreases money demanded (5) The reduced demand in money reduces the nominal interest rate (6) The nominal interest rate falls below the expected deflation, thus the real interest rate raises. Causes of the East Asian Financial Crisis In the aftermath of the crisis, economists and politicians alike struggled to identify its causes. According to an IMF report published the year following the crisis, several factors, both country-specific and international, were to blame. At the domestic level, large external deficits, inflated property and stock market values, a build-up of overheating pressures, and unreasonable expectations on returns, stemming from a lack of transparency and availability of credible data, all contributed to the crisis. In addition, poor corporate governance and inadequate oversight of financial systems led to corruption, the concentration of wealth in the hands of a few politically- connected banks, and an increase in political and high-risk lending.ii By July 1997, nonperforming loans (i.e. those which are never repaid) accounted for over 15% of all domestic loans. (In contrast, the U.S. had a 1% rate of nonperformance.)iii Furthermore, both Indonesian banks and private firms were dependent on loans rather than equity as their primary form of finance, and by 1998 they had accrued over $82 billion in debt, 88% of which was in the form of loans. By comparison, the U.S. holds 22% of its debt in the form of loans. Compounding the problem of high-risk lending was the short-term nature of the borrowing. The optimism of investors in the early 1990s led to a steady increase in the number of "roll over" loans issued, loans which were taken out to cover old loans, ad infinitum. At the end of 1996, 62% of all loans taken out by Indonesian firms or banks had a maturity of one year or less.iv Because 3 those loans could be called in at any time, debtors were highly vulnerable to shifts in lender sentiment and investment preferences. One factor altering these preferences was the exchange rate. Banks and firms borrowed in dollars and repaid in rupiah, a system which worked well unless the rupiah were to devalue, in which case lenders would face an increase in their debt burden. The high levels of external borrowing created great exposure to foreign exchange risk for both private firms and the government.v This risk was underestimated in the 1980s and early 1990s, when investment poured into the emerging economies of Southeast Asia. However, by the mid-1990s, after the Mexican peso crisis of 1994, lenders were wary of developing countries and started to pay more attention to the riskiness of investing in the Asian Tigers. Perhaps the greatest factor leading to the crisis was the devaluation of the rupiah, which exacerbated the issues related to uncertainty in investment. The depreciation was a result of rising U.S. interest rates, and dealt a crushing blow to the economy of Indonesia by decreasing investment in the region, lowering the purchasing power of Indonesia on world markets and driving up debt. One final international factor that may have contributed to the crisis was increasing competition from China in regards to the exporting of goods to the West and the attracting of capital and manufacturing contracts, sectors which were at the heart of the Indonesian economy.vi Response to the crisis As the Thai baht came under attack in the summer of 1997, the Indonesian government took a number of steps to prevent the devaluation of its currency, maintain a relatively stable exchange rate and stop investment from fleeing the country by keeping interest rates high. On July 11, 1997 the monetary authority, the Bank Indonesia (BI), took its first step towards these goals by widened the pegged exchange trading band from 8% to 12%. However, the strategy failed to maintain the value of the money and the rupiah began a steep depreciation ten days later. In response BI raised interest rates from 12% to 13.5% on July 23rd to support the rupiah, but that policy also failed.vii As a last-ditch effort, BI decided on August 14th to float the currency and simultaneously raise short-term rupiah interest rates in order to attract rupiah deposits and stabilize the currency, while the fiscal authority cut non-essential spending. This plan backfired due to the severe tightening of liquidity, which caused interest rates to overshoot their goal and jump to 44.5%, and the value of the rupiah to decline by more than 33%.viii A week later the government adopted a five-point plan to deal with the crisis, a policy that tried to i) stabilize the rupiah at a new equilibrium level, ii) strengthen fiscal policies and fiscal consolidation, iii) reduce the current account deficit, iv) support the banking sector and finally, v) reassure the private sector about the stability of the economy. For a few weeks the program appeared to work, but the currency crisis intensified in November of 1997, when the floating exchange rate dropped an additional 42% to 18000 rupiah/dollar as more investors fled the country after seeing corporate earnings reports, which reflected the devaluations from the summer. At this point the IMF intervened.ix The IMF and the government of Indonesia signed an emergency lending agreement in November of 1997, the goal of which was to "restore investor and creditor confidence in the country's fiscal solvency by protecting currency values and penalizing insolvent companies."x The Reform and Stabilization Program, as it was known, was comprised of four prongs: i) a package of loans from the IMF to BI, ii) an agreement to maintain a balanced budget or surplus, maintain high nominal interest rates and restrict domestic credit to keep exchange rates stable, iii) a promise to undertake drastic restructuring of the financial markets and iv) a pledge to adopt "good governance" reforms and improve oversight of corporations.xi Unfortunately, rather than restore confidence, these reforms only created uncertainty about the fate of the banking system, the effectiveness of the government at reforming itself, and the solvency of remaining investments.xii These fears were realized in early 1998, when the Indonesian government presented its budge for the upcoming fiscal year. Not only did it fail to include the 1% surplus requested by the IMF, it proposed an expansion in government spending, drawing the country into deficit instead. 4 This plan was publicly denounced by the IMF, which called it a sign that Indonesia was not serious about reforming, a statement which in turn further erode investor confidence.xiii However, due to the currency depreciation, the increase in government expenditure was nominal and in real terms, the proposal was a contraction in fiscal policy, a fact ignored by the IMF. A few months later, in an attempt to appease the IMF, the Suharto government agreed to a plan to reform the banking sector by instating a government guarantee of all debts in domestic banks, creating a regulatory body (the Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency) to oversee all banking transactions, and establishing a currency board to help regulate inflation. In exchange, the IMF modified the policies it recommended for Indonesia's recovery and made them more reasonable. Trying to minimize the budget deficit was the new goal, rather than aiming for a budget surplus. Other changes included international forgiveness on certain debts, a greater focus on long term structural changes in the banking system and a government guarantee on all domestic bank liabilities.xiv When in April 1998 the IMF decided not to provide the second round of assistance it had promised, the banking reform plan was dropped, and the new guidelines ignored.xv By March 1998 the exchange rate had somewhat stabilized at a rate of about 10,000 rupiah/dollar. (Prior to the crisis the rate was closer to 2,000 rupiah/dollar.) Slowly investment began to flow back into the country and firms reopened, but over the first year of the crisis real GDP dropped by 17.4%, inflation rates reached 78%, the value of the stock market dropped by 83% and more than 20 million people lost their jobs, leading to 13.2% unemployment.xvi,xvii Although the other victims of the 1997 crisis suffered major blows to their economies as well, none fared as badly as Indonesia. After using the Mundell-Fleming model to interpret the actions taken in response to the crisis, we will look at the errors in judgment made by both the IMF and Indonesian government, the reasons their policies failed, and what they could have done differently to avoid such dramatic setbacks to the country. Interpreting the Response Through the IS-LM Model Indonesia remained steadfast about maintaining a fixed exchange rate. However, in July 1997, Indonesia had no choice but to float the exchange rate. As a result, they continuously attempted to raise the interest rate in order to restore and establish foreign investor confidence. How does this work economically? According to the Mundell-Fleming model (IS-LM-BP) model we would expect that: As described up above, the speculation of the devaluation of the rupiah would lead to decreased investment. Furthermore, during a time of crisis we would expect consumption to decrease and a reduction in government expenditure. Looking at our open economy IS curve: (1) If Y= C(Y-T)+ I(r)+ G+NX(e) While holding NX(e) constant, a decrease in C, I(r), and G would lead to a inward shift in the IS curve, from IS0 to IS1. Due to the decreased investment, the Indonesian government artificially attempts to keep the interest rates high in order to restore confidence in foreign investment. Moreover, now they are underneath the original balance of payments (BP0) and current in deficit. Thus, in order to increase the interest rates and get out of deficit, we would expect the government to contract the money supply (moving to R1 and BP1) (2) The government succeeds in raising the interest rate. However, two major problems arise: a)The GDP decreases substantially b)While the interest rates increases, foreign investors still are cautious about investing in the country. (3) The crisis worsens, investment deteriorates, consumption and government expenditure would continue to decrease; thus, the IS curve once again shifts inward towards IS2. 5 (4) The Indonesian government continues to artificially increase the interest rates. Thus, they contract the money supply once again (moving to R2 and BP2) (5) Investors are still not enticed to invest with the even higher interest rates. Again, GDP falls and this process continues until the government realized that maintaining a fixed exchange rate was not going to work. *Note: There was free Interest LM2 flow of capital within Rate LM1 Indonesia, thus, the 5 flat BP curves. LM0 2 6 R2 BP2 5 R1 BP1 3 R0 BP0 2 IS0 IS2 IS1 1 4 Y3 Y2 Y0 Y= GDP 6 3 VI. Why the IMF Programs Failed In 1998, less than nine months after the IMF pulled its support out of Indonesia, Jeffrey Sachs and Steven Radelet published a paper arguing that while bureaucratic issues within the country may have contributed to the failure of the IMF programs, the international authority's policies and attitudes were really to blame for the sluggishness of Indonesia's recovery. They cited seven reasons for the IMF's ineffectiveness, which are listed below. The IMF can not rally market confidence, because its mere presence in a country is a symbol of domestic economic failure and instability. Instead of reassuring investors that the problems of Indonesia were only temporarily, the IMF announced to the world that there were "deep fundamental weaknesses" in the financial structures of the country, which were unlikely to be reformed quickly. The IMF believed, incorrectly, that crackdowns on inefficient markets and corrupt banks would reassure creditors of the solvency of remaining markets and banks and encourage them to roll-over short-term loans. The IMF advocated a contraction in fiscal policy, a plan which runs counter to both the Keynesian theory that a government must expand during crisis, and empirical evidence from the experience of the U.S. during the Great Depression. The loan packages offered by the IMF were not large enough to ease Indonesia's considerable debt burden and "provided only a weak shadow of a lender of last resort." The agreements signed between the IMF and Indonesia stipulated reforms in a wide range of policies, including demonopolization, trade liberalization and privatization. While some reforms were germane to the crisis, most were not and instead ate up valuable government 6 time, money and resource, which could have been spent solving the problems around the exchange rate, interest rate and inflation. The initial loan programs and agreements were not made public, as per IMF protocol. This secrecy and uncertainty further eroded investor confidence and deterred investment to the countries signing the agreements.xviii Apart from these misjudgments in policy, the IMF also failed to deliver on its promises of financial assistance. By March 1998 only $3 billion of $40 billion promised by the IMF to Indonesia had been disbursed.xix Compounding the problems associated with the IMF were the obstacles to reform and recovery within the country. Wide-spread corruption and cronyism prevented important issues related to banking regulation, trade policy and fiscal policy from being discussed publicly. For example, political pressures prevented BI from carrying out IMF recommendations and closing insolvent banks, many of which were connected to the Suharto family.xx Although Suharto was eventually forced to step down in May 1998 and many of his family members also resigned from government positions, fraud and bribery remain problems in Indonesia and continue to impair economic growth and political progress. IV. What went wrong? Even after floating the exchange rate, Indonesia was still unable to stabilize the exchange rates. Utilizing the of principles of macroeconomics we would expect that: Exchange S – I (r0) S – I (r1) Rate 1 E0 2 E1 Nx (E) Nx0 Nx1 NX 3 (1) As we know, the supply of net capital outflow is: S-I(r). In order to keep this model simple, let us assume that savings remains constant. It was Indonesia intent to raise interest rates (r) to entice investment. (2) As discussed up, skepticism was strong and investment continued to decline. The Indonesian government continues to increase the interest rate even higher. As a result, there is a reduction in the exchange rate. 7 (3) Due to the lower exchange the currency depreciated. On one hand this made Indonesian goods cheap, thus, increasing net exports of goods. However, on the other hand, it did not increase investment, nor government expenditure or consumption. What policies should have Indonesian implemented? Had Indonesia followed the Keynesian Model, they would have likely observed better outcomes. Interest Rates LM0 R1 R0 2 1 IS1 IS0 3 Y0 Y1 Y= Output (1) Looking at the model, if the IS curve is: Y= C(Y-T)+ I(r)+ G+NX(e), had the Indonesia government increased the government expenditure than it would have shifted the IS curve outward. (2) As a result, the interest rate would have increased. (3) Furthermore, this would have also increased GDP, instead of lowering it. Potential Next Steps Although Indonesia has made substantial progress in the past ten years, the country still faces a high level of poverty, precarious inflation levels, and a robust infrastructure needed to support significant development.xxi As a result, several policies Indonesia might consider to help bolster their economy include: 1. Continue to improve the Bank of Indonesia's transparency, independence, accountability, and credibilityxxii 2. In order to maintain market confidence and attract additional foreign investment, continue to invest in local programs that create a more stable infrastructure and aid in the development of human capital 3. Increase tax revenuexxiii 4. Continue to reduce the debt to GDP ratioxxiv Where is Indonesia Today Almost ten years post-crisis, Indonesia has made two key changes that aid in the country's economic growth and stability. First, following the resignation of Suharto, Indonesia has developed an effective, democratic government under the rule of current president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.xxv This change has reduced the high levels of corruption that were present under 8 Suharto's regime and have re-focused government priorities to work towards providing basic necessities such as water and education for Indonesian residents.xxvi Second, these changes have fostered a climate that supports sound macroeconomic policies that have helped to create a growing economy. These include reducing the government's debt ratio, creating a more accountable banking system and improved fiscal management, and creating a favorable climate for investors. Currently, the country is enjoying 5-6 percent annual economic growth, an increase in the country's reserves up to US$30 billion, and a decrease in the public debt to GDP ratio to below 40%.xxvii Overall Indonesia has made a strong recovery since the crisis, especially given the lack of help it received from the IMF in 1997/1998. However vulnerabilities still exist in the government and financial sectors, vulnerabilities which much be monitored by both domestic and international agencies to ensure that the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 remains a solitary incident of the past, and not the first in a series of reoccurring currency emergencies. 9 Endnotes i Shelandra Sharma, "The Indonesian Financial Crisis: From Banking Crisis to Financial sector Reforms 1997- 2000," April 2001. ii Mari Pangestu and Mangi Habir, "The Boom, Bust, Restructuring of Indonesian Banks," (2002). iii Nicholas Kristof and David E. Sanger, "How US Wooed Asia to Let the Cash Flow In," New York Times, 16 February 1999. iv Bank for International Settlements, www.bis.org v "The Asian Crisis: Causes and Cures," Finance and Development, June 1998, Volume 35, No 2. http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/1998/06/imfstaff.htm vi http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997_East_Asian_financial_crisis vii Shelandra Sharma, "The Indonesian Financial Crisis: From Banking Crisis to Financial sector Reforms 1997-2000," April 2001. viii International Financial Statistics, http://ifs.apdi.net/imf/ImfBrowser.aspx ix Ibid. x Sharma (April 2001). xi Mohammad Yasin, "Economic Crisis and Financial Reform in Indonesia," Asia Forum (1999). xii Steven Radelet and Jeffrey Sachs, "The East Asian Financial Crisis: Diagnosis, Remedies, Prospects," Brookings paper on economic activity (1998). xiii Sharma (April 2001). xiv Radelet and Sachs (1998). xv Leonardo Martinez-Diaz, "Pathways through Financial Crisis: Indonesia," Global Governance 12 (2006). xvi Islamic Development Bank, "1997 Economic Highlights" http://www.idb-uif.org/Economic.htm xvii Zmag.org, "The Latest Bust," http://www.zmag.org/Instructionals/GlobalEcon/id4_m.htm xviii Radelet and Sachs (1998). xix Radelet and Sachs (1998). xx Martinez-Diaz (2006). xxi ibid. xxii "Indonesia: Monetary Transparency." Oxford Analytica. November 2006, http://www.calpers.ca.gov/eip- docs/investments/assets/equities/international/permissible-2007/indonesia-monetary-report-2006.pdf xxiii "Indonesia: Recovery at a Crossroads," Embassy of the United States: Jakarta, Indonesia. 6 March 2001, http://www.usembassyjakarta.org/econ/crossroad.html#9 xxiv "Progress With a Backdrop of Volcanoes," The Economist, 25 May 2006. xxv Timothy Harcourt, "Indonesia's Recovery: From Suharto to SBY," Austrade.gov, 14 December 2006, http://www.austrade.gov.au/Suharto-to-SBY/default.aspx xxvi "Global Corruption Report 2004," Transparency International, www.trasparency.org xxvii Timothy Harcourt, "Indonesia's Recovery: From Suharto to SBY," Austrade.gov, 14 December 2006, http://www.austrade.gov.au/Suharto-to-SBY/default.aspx 10 Exchange Rate (Rupiah per U.S. Dollar) AppendixB Q 3 2000.000 4000.000 6000.000 8000.000 10000.000 12000.000 14000.000 16000.000 0.000 19 AppendixA 96 Q 4 19 96 Q 1 19 97 Q 2 19 97 Q 3 19 97 Q 4 19 97 Q 1 19 98 Q 2 19 Exchange Rate 98 Q 3 19 98 Fiscal Quarter Q 4 19 98 Q 1 19 99 Q 2 19 99 Q 3 19 99 Q 4 19 99 11 Money Supply (in Millions of Money Supply 140000000.000 120000000.000 100000000.000 Rupiah) 80000000.000 60000000.000 40000000.000 20000000.000 0.000 96 96 97 97 97 97 98 98 98 98 99 99 99 99 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Fiscal Quarter Interest Rates 80.000 70.000 60.000 Interest Rate DISCOUNT RATE 50.000 MONEY MARKET RATE 40.000 30.000 DEPOSIT RATE 20.000 LENDING RATE 10.000 0.000 96 97 97 98 98 96 99 99 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 3 1 3 1 3 1 1 3 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Fiscal Quarter Trade Balance Trade Balance in Dollars 7000.000 6000.000 5000.000 4000.000 3000.000 2000.000 1000.000 0.000 96 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 97 97 98 99 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 3 2 3 4 4 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Fiscal Quarter 12 Financial Account (Foreign Liabilities in Rupiah Value in Millions of US Investment in Domestic Dollars Assests) in Millions of US Dollars Q 0.000 2000.000 4000.000 6000.000 8000.000 10000.000 12000.000 14000.000 16000.000 3 0.000 50000000.000 100000000.000 150000000.000 200000000.000 19 Q 96 Q3 1996 Q 4 3 19 Q4 1996 -10000.000 -8000.000 -6000.000 -4000.000 -2000.000 2000.000 4000.000 6000.000 0.000 19 96 Q Q 96 1 Q1 1997 4 19 19 97 Q 96 Q Q2 1997 1 2 19 19 97 Q3 1997 Q 97 Q 2 3 19 19 Q4 1997 Q 97 97 3 Q Q1 1998 19 4 19 Q 97 Q 97 Q2 1998 4 1 19 19 Q3 1998 Fiscal Quarter Q 97 98 1 Q 19 2 Q4 1998 19 Q 98 Exports & Imports Foreign Liabilities Financial Account 2 Q 98 Q1 1999 19 3 Q 98 19 Q2 1999 3 98 Q Fiscal Quarter 19 4 Q3 1999 Q 98 19 Fiscal Quarter 4 98 19 Q Q4 1999 Q 98 1 1 19 99 19 Q Q 99 2 2 19 19 99 Q Q 99 3 3 19 19 99 Q 99 Q 4 4 19 19 99 99 IMPORTS,C.I.F. EXPORTS,F.O.B. 13 Deposit Money in Banks IMF Lending Position (in Foreign Reserves (in Millions (U.S. Dollars) Millions of Dollars) of US Dollars) Q 3 0.000 100.000 200.000 300.000 400.000 500.000 19 Q 3 5000.000 10000.000 15000.000 20000.000 25000.000 30000.000 0.000 Q Q 96 19 3 4 0.000 2000.000 4000.000 6000.000 8000.000 10000.000 12000.000 14000.000 16000.000 18000.000 96 19 19 Q 96 4 Q 96 19 4 Q 19 1 Q 96 Q 96 19 97 1 1 19 Q 19 2 Q 97 Q 97 19 2 2 97 19 Q 97 19 3 Q Q 97 19 3 3 97 19 19 Q 97 97 4 Q Q 19 4 4 97 19 19 Q 97 97 1 Q Q 19 1 1 98 19 19 Q 98 98 2 Q Q 19 2 2 19 Deposit Assests 19 98 Q 98 Q 98 3 Q 3 19 3 19 Fiscal Quarter 19 98 Q 98 Fiscal Quarter 98 4 Q Foreign Exchange Reserves Q Fiscal Quarter 4 19 4 19 98 19 Q Indonesia Lending Position in the IMF 98 Q 98 1 Q 1 19 1 19 99 19 99 Q 99 Q 2 Q 2 19 2 19 19 99 99 Q 99 Q Q 3 3 3 19 19 19 99 99 99 Q Q Q 4 4 4 19 19 19 99 99 99 14 Total Reserves Minus Gold Total Reserves Minus Gold 30000.000 25000.000 20000.000 15000.000 10000.000 5000.000 0.000 96 97 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 96 97 98 99 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 1 2 1 2 1 2 3 4 3 4 3 4 3 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Fiscal Quarter Capital Accounts 200000000.000 Millions of Rupiah 150000000.000 100000000.000 50000000.000 0.000 96 97 97 98 98 98 99 99 99 96 97 97 98 99 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 1 2 2 1 2 3 4 3 4 1 3 4 3 4 Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Q Fiscal Quarter xxv Timothy Harcourt, "Indonesia's Recovery: From Suharto to SBY," Austrade.gov, 14 December 2006, http://www.austrade.gov.au/Suharto-to-SBY/default.aspx xxvi "Global Corruption Report 2004," Transparency International, www.trasparency.org xxvii Timothy Harcourt, "Indonesia's Recovery: From Suharto to SBY," Austrade.gov, 14 December 2006, http://www.austrade.gov.au/Suharto-to-SBY/default.aspx 15


text:
Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
Don't let her move in if you're not ready
DEAR MISS LONELYHEARTS: My girlfriend has her own house, but since she came to my apartment, she does not want to leave! What should I do? -- Unwilling, Winnipeg
Dear Unwilling: You can't let someone move in, without being asked, so say boldly: "It looks like you're trying to move in and stay with me here as a couple. I am not ready for a living-together situation with you." After this pronouncement, she will either deny she is trying to move in and hastily pack her stuff, or beg for you to let her stay on because you get along so well and she loves you. So why is this really happening? Is it taking you too long to commit, or is she trying to escape home or annoying room-mates? If you have a new relationship and she is just feeling unhappy with her own digs, help her find a better place and move her furniture. But, if she's just frustrated because you won't commit in a big way and a year or so has passed, it's time to speak to her honestly about the relationship. It's not fair to either of you if she's trying to head for the altar and marriage and you just want to fool around.
Dear Miss Lonelyhearts: My wife is a penny pincher. She's so cheap it kills her to pay for a broken toilet. She resents my buying anything of quality, with my own money. Last week the toilet cracked and she didn't want to get a new one. She told me to Crazy Glue the one we have. I refused as, this toilet could cause a lot of damage in the house if it exploded. We had a major fight where I told her she was crazy and needed help. She refused to go and say being frugal is one of her best traits as a wife. When the plumber came and did the job, she sulked and wouldn't talk to me for 24 hours, nor would she chip in. We have our own accounts but usually split household costs right down the middle. I was mad! If you ask me, she's losing her mind over saving money. She's off to the dollar stores for any small thing she needs, and she waits for summer to get garage sale deals on furniture. She has stacks of money in the bank -- half of every paycheque she ever earned. I'm frugal myself and at first I thought it was cool that she was such a money saver. But now, it's gotten embarrassing and she's obsessed. What to do? -- Reasonably Cheap, Winnipeg
Dear Reasonably Cheap: Since the cheap mentality is born out of fear of not having the necessities of life, you need to talk to your wife about the cushion you both have against that ever happening. She needs to be talked into buying things with value, and keeping the house in good repair. You need a toilet that won't break and cause thousands of extra dollars and you need it properly installed so it doesn't leak. That requires a real plumber, not you or her, with an instruction book in one hand. Your wife's cheapness needs to be softened to frugality. The best way to do that is to talk about assessing the value of spending in different situations, and not just looking for a way out of paying a decent buck for anything.
Questions or comments? Please email firstname.lastname@example.com or send letters c/o Miss Lonelyhearts, 1355 Mountain Ave., Winnipeg, R2X 3B6.
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition March 16, 2013 G3
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Morrison Bag
The Morrison Bag is locally made in Portland from a designer who hand crafts each bag from her small studio. She has a fantastic eye for quality, workmanship, design, and beauty.
The exterior leather is made from Italian calf skin with pig suede lining, inside pocket, and english bridle leather handles. The body comes in 3 colors, cappuccino, chocolate, and charcoal, while the handles are all dark brown.


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The new official TOJ thread - updates, complaints, etc... - Page 1847
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Some new material news: lots of new goat colors. The new ones are unglazed, so less sheen than the goat we've previously used. Will put those and the few newer post-color chart colors I missed onto a new updated color chart. New goat is very nice, same pebbled texture, normal sheen, colors from olive to yellow (which is pretty pleasant, for being yellow leather) - and then apart from that:
This new goat you speak of, is there a dark (or darkish) brown? If so, would you recommend it over the "old" goat, for say, a 4-zip MDR?
Sign me up for this minimalist TOJ0, especially after the disastrous fit with the Patrik Ervell varsity. What do you have in mind for the new-gen baseball?
I'd felt the black lamb before and knew how much thicker it was, but wow this thing feels so much heavier than my cream 4-zip.
Re: cuff opening, these do seem bigger than before, though not sure if it's partly because these aren't convertible cuffs. Not really gonna lose sleep over it though.
Edited by magicalporks - 2/20/13 at 11:40am
Any pictures of the gold zippers? I think they could look either really good on black
Ok TOJ disciples. I've been planning on selling this jacket that I fell in love with because it felt too long and I'm not sure about the shoulders. But I wanted to get feedback before I did something I regret forever!
Jacket is a bit tight around the midsection, but I plan on losing a couple dozen pounds this year. The waist kind of hits my hips and I'm not sure I can pull it off. It's hugging my hips and the top arc of my ass. It's actually a little too tight to be worn comfortably closed without pulling the lower zipper up a bit. (It flares out a little as you can see. I am kind of hoping weight loss will help this...)
Lastly, the arms are a bit tight. They feel snug with just a regular t-shirt on. A longsleeve makes them feel tight and a sweater would make it uncomfortable.
So..after wearing in my bomber a bit and re-introducing carbs to my diet I've come to realize that the armholes are insanely high and borderline uncomfortable. The jacket is super tight on my upper back (near my pits) and may be too small in the shoulders for me as well. For future reference, does a larger upper arm measurement lower the armholes/make the jacket fit more relaxed? I feel like I'm wearing a girls jacket sometimes right now lol, maybe its the fur
So..after wearing in my bomber a bit and re-introducing carbs to my diet I've come to realize that the armholes are insanely high and borderline uncomfortable. The jacket is super tight on my upper back (near my pits) and may be too small in the shoulders for me as well. For future reference, does a larger upper arm measurement lower the armholes/make the jacket fit more relaxed?
i dunno , judging from your pics a few pages back, it doesn't look tight at all--big if anything. are you layering?
that said, sell to me
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I've been going to the Oliver House for about 12 years.1st when my daughter found out about it when She lived in Tucson.I usually stay for a week at a time by myself. (yes my hubby is understanding about this!!lol) I knew Dennis when He owned it and had gone in repairing it from vandals. Patty has owned it for... More
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- Oliver House Hotel Bisbee
- Oliver House b&b


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Definition of Byzantine Empire in English:
The empire in SE Europe and Asia Minor formed from the eastern part of the Roman Empire.
The Roman Empire was divided in ad 395 by the Emperor Theodosius between his sons; Constantinople (Byzantium) became the capital of the Eastern Empire in 476, with the fall of Rome. In 1054 theological and political differences between Constantinople and Rome led to the breach between Eastern and Western Christianity (see Great Schism (sense 1)). After about 1100 the empire gradually declined; the loss of Constantinople to the Ottoman Turks in 1453 was the end of the empire, although its rulers held Trebizond (Trabzon) until 1461
Definition of Byzantine Empire in:
- US English dictionary
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Pronunciation: fɔːˈtɪsɪməʊ
(especially as a direction) very loud or loudly


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We're hot, and we're nationwide
Published: Saturday, October 10, 2009 at 12:35 p.m.
Last Modified: Saturday, October 10, 2009 at 12:46 p.m.
So much for autumn.
Did it feel hot on Friday?
It WAS hot on Friday.
The Associated Press always notes the national temperature extremes. For Friday, the extreme high was 95 in Plant City; Statesboro, Ga.; Live Oak, and Ocala.
The low on Saturday is expected to be 4 below 0 At Lake Yellowstone, Wyo.
The heat will keep coming for Marion County, at least for awhile: The forecasted highs are in the low 90s at least through Tuesday.
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David Onley
The Honourable David Charles Onley OOnt |
28th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario | |
In office September 5, 2007 – September 23, 2014 |
Monarch | Elizabeth II |
Governor General | Michaëlle Jean David Johnston |
Premier | Dalton McGuinty Kathleen Wynne |
Preceded by | James Bartleman |
Succeeded by | Elizabeth Dowdeswell |
Personal details | |
Born | David Charles Onley June 12, 1950 Midland, Ontario |
Spouse(s) | Ruth Ann Onley |
Profession | Journalist |
Religion | Evangelical Christian, Baptist[1] |
David Charles Onley,[2] OOnt (born June 12, 1950)[3] was the 28th Lieutenant Governor of Ontario[4] from 2007 until 2014.[5]
Prior to his viceregal appointment Onley was a television journalist. He worked primarily for Citytv as a weather reporter, before moving on to cover science and technology stories. Later on, he worked with the 24-hour news station CablePulse 24 as a news anchor and host of a weekly technology series, Home Page. A published author, he was founding president of the Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Canada.
His seven-year term makes him the longest serving Lieutenant Governor of Ontario since Albert Edward Matthews (1937-1946) and the province's second longest serving viceroy since Confederation.
Early life[edit]
David Onley was born in Midland, Ontario, and raised in West Hill on Orchard Park Drive in Scarborough,[6] now part of Toronto. He was educated at the University of Toronto Scarborough, graduating with a degree in political science.
Beginning at the age of three,[7] Onley battled with polio, resulting in partial paralysis. However, as a result of extensive physical therapy, he regained the use of his hands and arms, and partial use of his legs. Onley is able to walk using leg braces and canes or crutches, but he generally prefers to get around using his electric scooter. He is able to drive a car using hand controls for acceleration and braking.
Onley began his career in radio, hosting a weekly science show for Toronto radio station CFRB, subsequently joining the CKO network in 1983. He then joined Citytv in 1984 as weather specialist, a position he held until 1989. In a 2004 interview with Link Up, a Toronto employment agency for people with disabilities, Onley stated that
" | At the time I remember saying to my mother, 'I don't know if I should take this job (at Citytv). I don't know if they're hiring me because I'm disabled.' My mother said, 'You've been turned down enough times because of your disability, so take it!' I thought to myself, 'Damn it, she's right' and that's how my career at Citytv began.[8] | " |
From 1989 to 1995, he was the first news anchor on the then-new BreakfastTelevision, Citytv's morning show. He served as education specialist for Citytv and CablePulse 24 from 1994 to 1999. Onley became an anchor on CP24, when the station launched in 1999, and both hosted and produced Home Page on CP24.[6]
He was one of Canada's first on-air television personalities with a visible disability;[6] he uses a mobility device due to his paralysis. Camera shots began with only upper body shots, but Onley demanded that the shot include him in his mobility device. In honour of his contributions to the advancement of disability issues in Canada, he has received awards from the Terry Fox Hall of Fame in 1997,[6] and the Clarke Institute's Courage to Come Back award.[6] He was appointed Chair of the Accessibility Standards Advisory Council to the Minister of Community and Social Services in 2005.[9] He was most recently inducted into the Scarborough Walk of Fame in 2006.
Onley wrote Shuttle: A Shattering Novel of Disaster in Space, a bestselling novel about space travel, published in 1981. It was nominated by the Periodical Distributors of Canada as book of the year. He was founding president of the Aerospace Heritage Foundation of Canada.
Onley returned to his acting roots, with a cameo appearance in the sixth season of the Canadian TV series Murdoch Mysteries. The episode, "The Ghost of Queens Park" aired in Canada on February 25, 2013. In it he played the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Ontario, Sir Oliver Mowat.[10]
As lieutenant governor[edit]
Onley's appointment as lieutenant governor was announced on July 10, 2007; he was privately informed of this after a July 4, 2007, taping of Home Page: "I just had reached the top of the Don Valley Parkway... and there was no place to pull over. And when the Prime Minister of your country calls, all you can try to do is stay in the same lane, avoid any fender-benders and have a meaningful conversation, which I did."[4]
He was sworn in on September 5, 2007, at Queen's Park in Toronto. As the province's first lieutenant governor with a disability, Onley said he would use his vice-regal position to help remove physical barriers to Ontario's 1.5 million people with disabilities, as well as focus on other issues affecting the disabled, including obstacles to employment and housing. Onley also stated, in his installation speech, that he would expand on his immediate predecessor James Bartleman's First Nations literacy initiatives, his aim being to see computers on every student's desk in northern schools.[11] For his installation, Onley approached the legislature on his electric scooter, however he ascended the Throne on foot, using leg braces and canes. Onley also travelled to China to represent the Queen and Canada at the 2008 Summer Paralympics opening ceremony.[12] Onley delivered his last speech from the throne to the Ontario Legislative Assembly on July 3, 2014; his last full day in office was September 22, 2014 with his successor sworn in the following afternoon.
Onley and his wife resided in their Scarborough home during his vice-regal tenure as Ontario is one of three provinces that does not have an official vice-regal residence.[13]
During Onley's mandate, he participated in 2550 engagements, during which he spoke to an estimated audience of over one million people.[14]
Post-viceregal life[edit]
Onley was appointed as senior lecturer in the Department of Political Sciences at University of Toronto Scarborough, his alma mater. His appointment began on October 1, 2014. He will also serve as the University's Special Ambassador for the Pan Am and Parapan American Games.[15]
Personal life[edit]
He is married to Ruth Ann Onley, a Christian music performer.[16] They have three sons, Jonathan, Robert and Michael.[6]
Titles, styles, honours, and awards[edit]
Viceregal styles of David C. Onley (2007-2014) |
Reference style |
Spoken style |
Alternative style |
- June 12, 1950 – September 5, 2007: Mr. David C. Onley
- September 5, 2007 – September 23, 2014: His Honour the Honourable David C. Onley, Lieutenant Governor of Ontario
- September 23, 2014 – : The Honourable David C. Onley
Academic honours | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Midland has a David Onley Park, dedicated on his 63rd birthday, 12 June 2013.[25]
Ribbon | Description | Notes |
Order of St. John (K.stJ) | 2007
Order of Ontario (O.ont) | 2007 | |
125th Anniversary of the Confederation of Canada Medal | 1992 | |
Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal | 2012
- He served as Colonel of the Regiment of The Queen's York Rangers in his capacity of Lieutenant Governor.
- He is the Honorary Colonel of 25 Field Ambulance in an individual capacity.
- Shuttle: A Shattering Novel of Disaster in Space (1981) ISBN 0-89083-951-4 (book), ISBN 0-88646-826-4 (audio edition)
See also[edit]
- ^ Mackey, Lloyd (12 July 2007). "The Emergence of David Onley". CanadianChristianity. Retrieved 2008-07-11.
- ^ "Lieutenant Governor welcomes Lieutenant Governor-designate David Onley". Office of the Lieutenant Governor of Ontario. 10 July 2007. Retrieved 2008-03-14.[dead link]
- ^ "The Honourable David C. Onley, O.Ont.". Queen's Printer for Ontario. September 2007. Retrieved 2007-09-15.[dead link]
- ^ a b David Onley Appointed Next Lt.-Gov. Of Ontario, www.citynews.ca, June 10, 2007
- ^ http://www.whistlerquestion.com/ontario-s-29th-lieutenant-governor-to-be-sworn-in-during-sept-23-ceremony-1.1259132
- ^ a b c d e f g h i "Prime Minister announces appointment of David C. Onley as Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario" (Press release). Canadian Prime Minister's Office. 2007-07-10. Retrieved 2007-07-13.
- ^ Oliveria, Michael; Toronto Star: Onley vows focus on access; September 5, 2007
- ^ "David Onley: A Success Story"
- ^ http://lt.gov.on.ca/20070711_DavidOnleyENG.pdf
- ^ "Ontario Lt.-Gov. David Onley films cameo for CBC drama 'Murdoch Mysteries'". WinipegFreePress.com. Retrieved July 13, 2012.
- ^ Editorial; Toronto Star: Vice-regal role model; September 6, 2007
- ^ "Statement by the Prime Minister of Canada" (Press release). Queen's Printer for Canada. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 8 March 2010.
- ^ Henderson, Hellen; Toronto Star: Incoming lieutenant-governor plans to smooth path for all; September 3, 2007
- ^ "End of mandate report". Lieutenant Governor of Ontario web site. September 17, 2014. Retrieved October 1, 2014.
- ^ "Ontario's 28th Lt. Governor David Onley joins UTSC faculty". University of Toronto. September 25, 2014.
- ^ Ruth Ann Onley[dead link]
- ^ Canada Gazette
- ^ City News: David Onley
- ^ a b c d e f Lieutenant Governor of Ontario: Honours
- ^ Guelph Mercury. Fight for Equality: Our lady of Lourdes Catholic High School Honours province's Lieutenant Governor. http://news.guelphmercury.com/article/442015 . Accessed 2 March 2009
- ^ http://www.nipissingu.ca/departments/presidents-office/honorary_degree/Pages/default.aspx
- ^ http://www.convocation.utoronto.ca/Honorary_Graduands_and_Speakers.htm
- ^ http://www.yorku.ca/univsec/senate/committees/hondeg/recipients.html
- ^ http://www5.carleton.ca/convocation/video-archive/honorary-degrees-fall-2011/
- ^ http://www.simcoe.com/news-story/3839937-david-onley-park-officially-dedicated/
External links[edit]
Order of precedence | ||
Preceded by Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada |
Order of precedence in Ontario as of 2008[update] |
Succeeded by Kathleen Wynne, Premier of Ontario |
- Living people
- 1950 births
- Canadian Protestants
- Canadian science fiction writers
- Canadian television journalists
- Knights of Justice of the Order of St John
- Lieutenant Governors of Ontario
- Members of the Order of Ontario
- Writers from Toronto
- People from Midland, Ontario
- People from Scarborough, Ontario
- Terry Fox Hall of Fame
- University of Toronto alumni
- People with poliomyelitis
- Canadian politicians with physical disabilities
- Canadian male novelists
- 20th-century Canadian novelists