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Elite Series anglers attend registration for the Lake Seminole tournament.
Strong experience may play the biggest factor on Seminole. Pick the most well-rounded pros for your Fantasy Fishing team.
Springville, Alabama welcomed home its hero, Bassmaster Classic champ Randy Howell.
It was March 10, 2004, when the first ChatterBaits went on sale. Ronny Davis had been tinkering for years with the unusual-looking fishing lure featuring a hexagonal-shaped metal blade on a lead-head jig.
Someone once told me that if I wanted to fish in the Bassmaster Classic, I should go to one and experience it as a fan.
BassGold.com's Jay Kumar digs in on the patterns of the Top 25 finishers in the GEICO Bassmaster Classic on Lake Guntersville.
Randy Howell explains how he won the 2014 GEICO Bassmaster Classic.
Randy is not the only one in the Howell household holding on to Classic gold.
Gerald Swindle showed how a man of character can find humor and humility after a very tough day.
The tournament hype before the 2014 GEICO Bassmaster Classic predicted loads of big bass and plenty of heavy limits. It was a lot to live up to. Despite the coldest winter in decades and frigid water temperatures, Guntersville put on a show.


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Tokyo stocks jumped 2.01 percent Monday morning as a further drop in the yen's value ignited buying of exporters' shares.
The Nikkei 225 index at the Tokyo Stock Exchange was up 258.31 points to 13,091.95 at the break, after rising more than three percent at one point. The Topix index of all first-section issues was up 1.85 percent, or 19.72 points, to 1,085.96.

subset: commoncrawl


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Pimp C - Grippin' On The Wood
Artist: Pimp C
Featuring: Bun B, Big K.R.I.T
Producer: Pimp C
Album: Still Pimpin
Avg Rating: 3.9 ( 20 votes )
The Naked Soul of Sweet Jones was the final project conceived in Chad Lamont Butler's lifetime, but nobody familiar with rap history should be surprised to find the UGK legend Still Pimpin', nearly four years after his tragic passing. Sure enough, the lead single off Pimp C's second true solo album finds him living it up like he never left, Grippin' on the Wood in his tricked-out automobile. Over his own sweltering, Southern-fried street boardwork, the Houston icon is joined by his former partner-in-rhyme—after the headliner invites a few fly females into his ride on the opening verse, Bun B grabs the mic for a little of his trademark stunting: "I be wood wheel steerin' and vogue tire turnin', and big money earnin' like I come from Mt. Vernon." Meridian, Mississippi fast-riser Big K.R.I.T. does his forebears proud on the back, flaunting his own candy-painted slab in a fresh closing 16. Like what you're hearing? More previously-unreleased material from the late, great Pimp C awaits on Still Pimpin, due out July 12 via Rap-A-Lot/Fontana.
Pimp CBun BBig K.R.I.T Hitmaker
Written by richard on 06/15/11
Submit your Rating
Rap-A-Lot/Double Dose Ent./II Trill Enterprises/Fontana
First DJ Booth Appearance:
"Cut It Out ft. Pimp C & Sean P." (2007)
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By knowing how much water your vines are using, you can greatly improve your irrigation strategy. Precise Water Monitoring Our technology helps you decide when and how much to irrigate by precisely measuring the water consumption of your vines. Next Benefit
Understand how your vines react to their environment and your management practices. Terroir-Specific Technology Unlike existing tools that only provide bits and pieces of information, our revolutionary technology takes into consideration all aspects of the terroir that affect vine water usage. Next Benefit
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Register for the 2014 Vintage Report in Paso Robles! Created in 2010 in the Napa Valley, the Vintage Report conference provides an unparalleled experience to discuss the latest innovations and scientific advances in viticulture and enology. By putting plant data in the forefront of the conversation, the Paso Robles conference aims at characterizing the specificities of the past vintage by looking at its impact on plant and fruit. Climatic and physiological data will be presented and discussed over a day with a community of vineyard managers, winemakers and scientists.
Take Control Over Wine Grape Quality When it comes to a vineyard's terroir, irrigation is one of the few factors that we can control and use to influence wine grape quality. How much and when to irrigate is the question, and precisely what we try to answer. The objective of most irrigation strategies is to achieve an optimal level of vine stress that improves wine grape quality. Fruition Sciences has developed a revolutionary technology that "listens" to the vine's water needs. It does this by measuring how much water the vine is transpiring (losing water) through its leaves via sap flow monitoring.
Product Features Uses vine-based, non-destructive sensors The information is terroir specific All data is reported in real-time All data can be viewed on any web-enabled device Integrates other vine management data Sync with any weather provider Watch a video
Recently, Imagine H2O supported the growth of Fruition Sciences, a company whose "sap flow sensors" help farmers and vintners decide precisely how much irrigation is needed to produce their ideal crop so that no water is wasted. Read Article
Ce petit capteur a été responsable cette année de milliers de piscines olympiques qui n'ont pas été gaspillées pour irriguer inutilement les vignobles. Watch the video
Thirsty vines mean concentrated flavor. These sleeves track water flow through the stems, so growers can keep the vines at juuuust the right level of stress. Read Article
Now we know exactly what and when to irrigate. It saves us time, money, improves the quality of our wine and is good for the environment." Ron Nicholsen, the proprietor at Kelham Vineyards Read Article
So far we have saved anywhere from 40% to 100% of water used for irrigation," Scholasch said. Read Article


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"dont bother"
i was really looking forward to this one but its so subjective and offers little in comparing modern behaviour with ancestral traits. its really just one lady writing all about the behaviour of a few family pets but not explaining why they do what they do. it felt like her nerating her diary of observations but lacked her taking it to the next level.
"worthwhile story"
a really nice story by an interesting lady..any horse owner or lover will feel close to this story but also surprised by its origionality. a good light read.


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Decimal Degrees: Latitude: 43.607667 Longitude: -116.2009503
Share your comments and photos of Julia Davis Park, a Park in Ada County, ID
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Airport: Bradley Field , Strawberry Glen Airport , Boise Cascade Heliport , Saint Alphonsus Helistop
Bridge: Strawberry Glen Bridge
Building: Idaho Transportation Department and Law Enforcement
Canal: Rust Lateral , Boise Valley Canal , Echelberger Lateral , Thurman Mill Canal
Cemetery: Mountain View Cemetery , Morris Hill Cemetery
Church: Congregation Ahavath Beth Israel Synagogue
Civil: City of Boise City , City of Garden City
Hospital: New Hope Center Hospital , Northview Hospital , Saint Alphonsus Hospital
Lake: Lake Elmore , Boise Cascade Lake
Locale: Western Idaho Fairgrounds , Fairview Square , Fairwood Shopping Center , T J Maxx Plaza , West State , Westgate Mall , State Capitol , First Security Plaza , Franklin Towne Center , Boise Towne Square , Northgate Shopping Center , Collister Shopping Center , Old Boise Plaza , Milwaukee Shopping Center , Crane Creek Flume
Park: Elm Grove Park , Fairview Park , Ann Morrison Park , Julia Davis Park , Ayres Park , Winstead Park , Sunset Park , Veterans Memorial State Park , Camelsback Park , McCauley Park
Populated Place: Boise Junction , Perkins , Collister , Boise , Garden City
School: North Junior High School , Saint Marys School , Campus School , Hillside Junior High School , Bible College , Maple Grove School , Boise Christian School , Cole Elementary School , Collister Elementary School , Franklin Elementary School , Jefferson Elementary School , Lowell Elementary School , Madison Elementary School , Pierce Park Elementary School , Taft Elementary School , Washington Elementary School , Whittier Elementary School , Capital Senior High School , Cynthia Mann Elementary School , Boise Senior High School , Booth Memorial School , Ada County Juvenile Center , Fairmont Junior High School , Bishop Kelly High School , Cole-Christian School , Intermountain Hospital School , Jackson Elementary School , Koelsch Elementary School , Mountain View Elementary School , Valley View Elementary School , West Boise Junior High School , Northwest Passages Adolescent Hospital Special School
Spring: Terteling Springs
Stream: Crane Creek
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Valley: Seaman Gulch , Boise Valley , Crane Gulch , Miller Gulch , Pierce Gulch , Polecat Gulch , Stewart Gulch
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A Promise Worth Keeping
Tucked away near Lover's Leap is New Milford's jewel, Harrybrooke Park - a spacious and beautiful park bordering a rushing waterfall on Still River. Harrybrooke is great for walking, bicycling, rollerblading, jogging, picnicking, fishing, outdoor events and parties and just plain relaxing in a peaceful and serene environment.
Harrybrooke Park
64 Lanesville Road
New Milford, CT 06776
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Do you have access to the Rainforest Room if you have a spa treatment? Or is it additional? Also, how much is the day pass on the ship? Can I decide if my son is sleeping to just go and purchase a pass and enjoy for an hour? I don't think I can plan ahead to use it until the time comes.
When we were on the Magic it was 16.00 per day/per person. You could buy it directly from the spa counter, for the day or the week. The spa was co-ed, But NOT the showers. One of the reasons I like to get the pass, is to use it to shower, while the DH & DS is using the shower in the room. I've never seen it crowded in 2 cruises, but like most things I'm sure there is a "peak" time. If you have a spa treatment it is not included, UNLESS you buy one of the inclusive deals. IMO it's one of the better deals aboard the ship. Those loungers are to die for!
What is the cost of the 7 day pass. Actually im on a 14 day. Is there a big heated mineral pool? thanks
The showers in the rainforest room are Co-Ed. Those are more for the hot/cold/scented/sound experience than bathing. You are required to have your suit on the whole time in the rainforest room. The showers in the locker rooms are obviously not Co-Ed, but also do not require a rainforest pass. Anyone can just come in and use the locker room for any reason. The showers are way bigger than the room and you can use the products in the locker room for your lotion, skin care, hair etc when getting ready. It was nice to have some space once or twice during the cruise while showering.
The Rainforest room on the Wonder is much smaller than on the Dream/Fantasy. No hot tubs. There are several rain showers, a dry sauna, two steam saunas, 4 stone loungers and then another stone bench. I asked about the cost of a 2 week pass and someone said it was expensive. The one week is usually $99, but at Christmas on the Wonder it was $144, which included some salt/sugar scrubs and the plain $99 was not offered. I'm expecting the 14 day pass to be $200 for one and $300 for 2. Several on this thread have asked if you need a rainforest pass to use the 'showers' to get ready for the evening. No. There are 2 showers in the locker rooms (2 in women's; assume 2 in mens) and anyone can use these any time the spa/gym is open (6 am to 10 pm). The rainforest showers are different, and while there was shampoo and stuff in the ones on the Wonder, I heard not on the Dream/Fantasy. But these are co-ed showers so you'd need a suit. On the Wonder, there is also a dressing room where you can do your hair, etc. and there is a dry sauna in there too. There is not a ton of room, so if more than 5 people were trying to get ready it would be bad. Nancy
Are scented lotion, etc used in the Rainforest Room? I have severe contact allegies to fragrance and have stayed away because of them. I would like to try but don't want itchy rash for the entire cruise.
Can outside beverages be brought into the rainforest room. Like drinks from the bar or coffees from Cove Cafe?
I think you'd have trouble. One of the saunas has a citrus scent to it, there are flowers and rose petals around the room, and the showers had very scented shampoo, conditioner, soap. I was the one who bought the week with scrubs (had to; no option to just do the $99 'plain' option on our sailing) and those were fragrant too. Nancy
Thank you so much for your suggestion. I went and viewed several videos and I am IN LOVE I don't think DH will be able to get me out of the hot tubs with that AWESOME ocean view Also saw a few videos on Satellite Falls will be spending some time up there as well.
We just did this on the Fantasy and for one day we were charged 27 dollars each. When we viewed our bill while on the cruise i called the spa area and told them I thought it was suppose to be 16 each the CM said that it is 27 dollars a day per person. I am in the process of trying to get the right price and possibly call DCL to fight this.
That's why I didn't do it on the Fantasy. I went to look and they said $27 per day. Not sure how you'll fight it. Jen
I read 16 dollars on the DCL website under my planning center a week before the cruise so didn't bother checking till we were done. I don't mind a price a small increase but 60% thats crazy. Oh well you got the same price when you checked on board that I got billed for. I thought maybe it was a mistake on their part. Oh well live and learn
Wow! We paid 16.00 on the Magic. That is a price increase. Don't know that it's worth That much per day
They had a sign on the counter that very largely stated $27 per day. Can you pre-buy it for $16? Maybe that would be the best bet for those traveling on the Fantasy. Jen
Best bet is to pre-pay ahead of time for 16.00 a day. I just went on the wonder last month and they were selling a week pass for 129.00. I bought my day passes for 16.00 which if I bought all 5 days would of only cost 80.00 so I have no idea why it costs so much more to buy on the ship. My advice bottom line is to buy ahead of time if you are sure you are going to use it..
I posted on our Facebook page that we had set up for our cruise the same thing I posted here about the price difference for Rainforest. A couple of people said it was the same thing with other treatments such as the fire and ice pedicure. Not that I would get one. But she said the price on line before cruise was much lower then when she got on the ship. So I guess their is a difference about precruise buying. Not sure why this should be such a big dollar difference. I could understand a couple bucks. Well a lesson learned for next cruise.
Do I call DCL to book a one day pass for the Dream? Do you charge me now or but it on my account? I found it on the DCL website but it says to download form... Confused
The one day pass sounds good for us. Just wondering, can you use it any day during the cruise or do you have to specify a day when purchasing?


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Taylor Swift, Zac Efron and Betty White get animated at the 'Lorax' premiere
See Efron do his best impression of the 'Risky Business' poster
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Zac Efron hits the premiere after enduring a fierce windstorm
The actor voices the main protagonist, a 12-year-old boy named Ted.
Photo Credit: AP Photo/Dan Steinberg


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Deck your holiday cookie platters with these marshmallow and Kellogg's Corn Flakes® cereal wreaths.
Going Shopping Send recipe to your mobile by E-mail
1. Melt margarine in large saucepan over low heat. Add marshmallows and stir until completely melted. Remove from heat. Stir in food coloring.
2. Add KELLOGG'S CORN FLAKES cereal. Stir until well coated.
3. Portion warm cereal mixture evenly by using a 1/4 cup dry measure coated with cooking spray. Using sprayed fingers, quickly shape into individual wreaths. Dot with cinnamon candies, using prepared frosting to hold candies in place. Store in single layer in airtight container.
Use fresh marshmallows for best results.
Children should be supervised.
Green paste food coloring makes the best color for wreaths
Microwave margarine and marshmallows at HIGH 2 minutes in microwave-safe bowl. Stir to combine. Microwave at HIGH 1 minute longer. Stir until smooth, then add food coloring. Follow steps 2 and 3 above.
Press warm cereal mixture in 5 1/2-cup ring mold coated with cooking spray or shape in ring on serving plate. Remove from mold and dot with red candies. Slice to serve.
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Alajuela Province
Province of Alajuela Provincia de Alajuela |
Juan Santamaría statue, built in 1887
Location of the Province of Alajuela |
Coordinates: 10°34′N 84°36′W / 10.567°N 84.600°WCoordinates: 10°34′N 84°36′W / 10.567°N 84.600°W | |||
Country | Costa Rica | ||
Provincial capital | Alajuela | ||
Area | |||
• Total | 9,757.53 km2 (3,767.40 sq mi) | ||
Population (2011) | |||
• Total | 885,571 | ||
• Density | 90,8/km2 (2,350/sq mi) | ||
Demonym | Alajuelense, Alajuelan | ||
ISO 3166 code | CR-A |
Alajuela (Spanish pronunciation: [alaˈxwela]) is a province of Costa Rica. It is located in the north-central part of the country, bordering Nicaragua to the north. It also borders the provinces of Heredia to the east, San José to the south, Puntarenas to the southwest and Guanacaste to the west. As of 2011, the province had a population of 885,571.[1] Alajuela is composed of 15 cantons, which are divided into 111 districts.[1] It covers an area of 9,757.53 square kilometers.[2]
The provincial capital is the municipality of Alajuela. Other large cities include Ciudad Quesada, Naranjo, Zarcero, Orotina, Sarchí, Upala, San Ramón, Grecia and Los Chiles.
Provincial history[edit]
Pre-Columbia and the arrival of the Spanish[edit]
Costa Rica has been inhabited for nearly 10,000 years, but little is known of its pre-Columbian history.[3] Alajuela was occupied by several indigenous groups just before the arrival of the Spanish. Despite being between two major civilizations, indigenous groups sparsely populated the area.[4] The Hueteres lived in the south of the territory, while the Botos, Guatusos, Tices and Catapas lived in the north.[5] In the fifteenth century, most of the region of modern Alajuela was under the control of Garabito, an indigenous leader of whom little is known.[6] Only the Botos, who lived in Alajuela's northern plains, resisted conquest until the early 1800s.
Starting in the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors arrived in the Central Valley from Guanacaste. The natives who survived epidemics and conquest were placed in the encomienda system of labor, which exploited natives and funneled money to the Spanish crown. In 1574, the first reservation for natives was created at Santa Catalina, which today is the Canton of Mateo.[5]
Founding Alajuela[edit]
Because land holdings in Cartago, the colonial capital of the region, were already controlled by large encomiendados, many settlers began moving west beginning in the mid-1600s. In 1657, Alajuela was mentioned for the first time in the writings of Juana de Vera y Sotomayor, a traveler who described an encomienda "on La Lajuela river."[5] Before taking on the name of Alajuela, the area was known as Villahermosa.[7]
Esteban Lorenzo de Tristán, Bishop of Nicaragua, Nicoya, and Costa Rica, tried organizing Catholic communities west of Heredia. In doing so, he inaugurated a small oratory to unite the scattered settlers.[8] The oratory was centered in the village of "La Lajuela," between the Ciruelas and Alajuela rivers. Because of its creation, the city of Alajuela was officially founded on 12 October 1782.[5] In 1790, the first official parish of Alajuela was established, led by the priest Manuel López del Corral.[5] The creation of a parish brought more settlers to the region. Soon, they began moving further and further toward the edges of the Central Valley, founding Atenas in 1836, San Ramón in 1854, and Grecia in 1856. Soon, the cities of Naranjo, Zarcero, and Quesada were founded as well.[5]
National independence[edit]
In 1823, during the First Costa Rican Civil War, Costa Rica was divided into two groups: the Imperialists, who were loyal to the First Mexican Empire, and the Republicans, who wanted independence. For the most part, Alajuela and San José fought against the coup staged by the Republicans in Heredia and Cartago.[9] The Alajuelan side won, and Costa Rica left the Mexican Empire shortly before it dissolved.[9] While Costa Rica was a member of the Federal Republic of Central America in the 1830s, the city of Alajuela was the nation's capital.[7]
In 1831, Alajuelan folk hero Juan Santamaría was born. Santamaría was a peasant boy who volunteered as a drummer during the Campaign of 1856-1857. On 11 April 1856, Santamaría sacrificed himself to burn filibuster William Walker's stronghold at Santa Rosa, asking only that his mother be taken care of.[10]
Settlement of the northern portion of Alajuela only began in earnest in the later half of the 19th century, and even so did not reach great proportions until the second half of the 20th century, owing largely to the difficult access. Much of the original colonization came from Nicaragua since numerous navigable rivers flow north from their origins in the cordilleras and empty into either Lake Nicaragua or the San Juan River. By 1850, the province had a population of approximately 15,540.[11]
The Twentieth Century[edit]
On 16 February 1921, Pope Benedict XV issued a Papal bull that reorganized Alajuela into an Ecclesiastic Province run by the incumbents of new two new positions: the Archbishop of Alajuela, and the Apostolic Vicar of Limón.
A seminal event in Alajuela's history was the 1968 eruption of Volcán Arenal.[12] Residents previously referred to it as Mount Arenal. In the years before the eruption, residents reported rises in the temperature of ground water and small tremors. Beginning on 28 July 1969, residents of surrounding towns reported constant tremors.[13] The eruptions began on 29 July, spewing ash into the neighboring provinces and launching boulders into the sky.[12] The initial explosions were so strong that three craters were instantaneously created.[13] The cities of Tabacón, Pueblo Nuevo and San Luís were buried, killing 87 people.[12] Crops were destroyed and livestock were killed.[12]
In 1979, Lake Arenal was created as the result of the construction of a hydroelectric dam by the Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad, Costa Rica's national electric company. The old cities of Tabacón and Tonadora were submerged, and residents moved to the new city of Tabacón at its current location, although the steeple of the church can still be seen.[12] The dam produces 17% of the country's electricity.[14]
The province is located in the North Central Plains and borders Nicaragua (Departamento de Rivas, Departamento del Río San Juan) to the north and the Costa Rican provinces of Heredia to the east, San José to the south, and Guanacaste to the west. Alajuela's San Carlos (canton) is larger than the provinces of Heredia and Cartago. It is the largest canton in Costa Rica, taking up 34.32% of the provincial territory and 6.55% of the national territory.
The Central Mountain Range (Cordillera Central de Costa Rica) passes through the province's borders, as do the Tilarán and Guanacaste ranges. This province is also home to the two most active Costa Rican Volcanoes: Poás Volcano and the Arenal Volcano.
Mountain Peaks of Alajuela Province[1] | |||
Name | Height (feet) | Height (meters) | Notes |
Poás Volcano | 8,871 | 2,704 | active stratovolcano with one of the most acidic lakes in the world[15] |
Cerro Barquero | 6,944 | 2,117 | |
Cerro Camacho | 6,672 | 2,034 | |
Cerro Platanar | 6,572 | 2,003 | unmonitored, active stratovolcano[16] |
Cerro La Barranca | 5,882 | 1,696 | |
Volcán Arenal | 5,479 | 1,670 | active stratovolcano, deadly 1968 eruption began active period |
Cerro Porvenir | 4,734 | 1,443 | active stratovolcano[17] |
Cerro Espíritu Santo | 3,983 | 1,214 | home of abandoned church and school near the peak[18] |
Cerro Chato | 3,740 | 1,140 | inactive volcano on the southeast side of Arenal, location of Crater Lake[19] |
Cerro Nispero | 1,110 | 338 |
In the northern plains, the San Carlos and Frío rivers drain to the San Juan River basin that separates Nicaragua and Costa Rica. The Tárcoles River, which flows to the Gulf of Nicoya, is known for its crocodile population.[20]
Major Rivers in Alajuela Province[1] | |
Name | Notes |
Río Grande de Tárcoles | 111 kilometers long, most polluted river in Costa Rica[20] |
Río Frío | flows north to Lake Nicaragua |
Río San Juan | part of the border between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, tributaries include Río Poco Sol, Rio Carlos River |
Río Can Carlos | 142 km long, a major tributary of the Rio San Juan |
Río Segundo | flows through municipality of Alajuela |
Río Burío | runs through La Fortuna, tributaries include Quebrada Cristalina |
Río San Martin | runs south through Ciudad Quesada |
Peñas Blancas | flows southwest in Central Valley, tributaries include Río Burro |
Río San Pedro | flows north, tributaries include Río Zapote, Río La Vieja, Río Peaje |
Virilla | flows west, site of El Virilla train accident |
Río Poas | flows south |
Aguas Zarcas | |
Tres Amigos | |
San Lorenzo | |
Arenal | |
Jesús María | |
Río Cuarto |
Although there are several ecosystems in the province. Two distinct divisions are the Llanuras del Norte (Northern Plains) and the Central Valley highlands. The Llanuras del Norte stretch across several provinces while the Central Valley highlands encompass the middle region of the country. Alajuela's natural environment is one of the primary motivators for tourists coming to the country.[21]
Flora and fauna[edit]
Costa Rica is a biodiversity hotspot and Alajuela is no exception.[22] Thousands of species are native to the province.
Nearly a third of the country's 1,400 types of orchids can be found in the Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, which straddles the border between Alajuela and Guanacaste.[23]
Birds such as the Quetzal, Scarlet Macaw, hummingbird, woodpecker, kingfisher, toucan, and three-wattled bellbird are native to Alajuela. There are many species of bats as well, like the spectral bat, Honduran white bat, and the thumbless bat. Many species of insects, including butterflies and moths are native to Alajuela. Because of this, The Butterfly Farm in La Garita was established to further scientific research into the different species.[24]
The white-headed capuchin is native to the forests of the province,[25] as is the mantled howler. Other mammals native to Alajuela include Baird's tapir, the giant anteater, the silky anteater, margays, ocelots, and other wild cats. Jaguars, while rarely seen, also inhabit the province's national parks. Deer are native to the highlands as well as the Northern Plains.
Machaca and bass are two fish found throughout the province. In addition, there are many other species of invertebrates, and amphibians.
Temperature extremes in Alajuela range from 36.6 Fahrenheit (2.6 Celsius) to 95.6 Fahrenheit (35.2 Celsius). The year is generally split into two periods: the dry season, or summer, which goes from December to April, and the rainy season, or winter, which goes from May until November. The winter corresponds with the Atlantic hurricane season, so rain can be a daily part of Alajuelan life. The highlands and the Northern Plains can very greatly in terms of temperature, and precipitation.
Climate data for Los Chiles, Alajuela | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °F (°C) | 85.5 (29.7) |
87.6 (30.9) |
90.9 (32.7) |
92.8 (33.8) |
91 (33) |
88.9 (31.6) |
87.6 (30.9) |
88.7 (31.5) |
90.1 (32.3) |
89.2 (31.8) |
86.9 (30.5) |
85.6 (29.8) |
88.73 (31.54) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 77.5 (25.3) |
78.3 (25.7) |
79.9 (26.6) |
81.7 (27.6) |
82 (28) |
81.3 (27.4) |
80.4 (26.9) |
81.1 (27.3) |
81.7 (27.6) |
81.3 (27.4) |
79.5 (26.4) |
78.1 (25.6) |
80.2 (26.8) |
Average low °F (°C) | 69.3 (20.7) |
68.9 (20.5) |
68.7 (20.4) |
70.3 (21.3) |
72.9 (22.7) |
73.6 (23.1) |
73.2 (22.9) |
73.4 (23) |
73 (23) |
73.2 (22.9) |
70.1 (21.2) |
70.5 (21.4) |
71.43 (21.93) |
Source: [26] |
Climate data for Municipality of Alajuela, Alajuela (Central Valley) | |||||||||||||
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Average high °F (°C) | 82.8 (28.2) |
84 (29) |
85.8 (29.9) |
86.4 (30.2) |
83.8 (28.8) |
82.8 (28.2) |
82.8 (28.2) |
82.8 (28.2) |
82 (28) |
80.8 (27.1) |
81.1 (27.3) |
81.9 (27.7) |
83.1 (28.4) |
Daily mean °F (°C) | 71 (22) |
71 (22) |
73 (23) |
73 (23) |
71 (22) |
69 (21) |
71 (22) |
69 (21) |
69 (21) |
69 (21) |
69 (21) |
69 (21) |
69 (21) |
Average low °F (°C) | 65.3 (18.5) |
65.5 (18.6) |
65.5 (18.6) |
66.4 (19.1) |
66.4 (19.1) |
66 (19) |
66 (19) |
65.7 (18.7) |
64.8 (18.2) |
65.1 (18.4) |
65.1 (18.4) |
65.1 (18.4) |
65.7 (18.7) |
Source: [27] |
The base of the Alajuela's economy remains agricultural production. In the southern highlands of the province, tropical ornamentals, coffee, tubers, and green vegetables are the major crops. Toward the north and northeast, rice, corn, pineapple, bananas, and sugarcane are important crops. Alajuela ranks first nationwide in national coffee production and national sugar cane production. Many of the agricultural products are exported overseas.[28]
This region has large pastoral areas, especially in the San Carlos area, where there is a significant cattle ranching sector. The cattle industry has spawned production in leather products, milk and dairy products, as well as beef production. The municipality of Upala serves as a supply center for cattle ranchers in the north of the province. Naranjo, so named because "naranjo" means orange in Spanish, produces oranges largely for domestic consumption. For a short time in the 1800s, tobacco was a cash crop in the Palmares region, although its production has dropped. There is growing small-scale organic farming industry in Alajuela.[29]
Industry and Commerce[edit]
In recent years, Alajuela has attracted many export-orientated manufacturing companies, especially within the free trade zones around the municipality of Alajuela.[30] Free trade zones include Coyol, Saret, Montecillos, and Bes, among others.[30] Alajuela's free trade zones are mostly industrial in nature. The increase in manufacturing, which began in earnest in 2004, has created strains on the province's infrastructure, including water distribution, transportation density, and electric output.[30] When a hydroelectric plant was constructed in Grecia in 2012, construction upstarts doubled within two months. Industry-related construction accounted for the largest growth.[31] Major companies in these zones include medical equipment manufacturers like Allergan, Baxter, Hospira, and Boston Scientific.[28]
Costa Rican lactate conglomerate Dos Pinos is headquartered in Alajuela.[24] Cooperativa de Productores de Leche Dos Pinos exports products throughout Latin America and began exporting to China in 2013.[24] Bebidas Florida, a drink manufacturer with a license to bottle Coca-Cola products, is also headquartered in Alajuela. Other businesses in the province include a butterfly egg and larvae exporter.[24]
Several major banks are headquartered in the Alajuela province, including Grupo Mutual Alajuela, and the Costa Rican branches of Scotiabank, HSBC, Banco Cathay, and Citibank. Grupo Mutual Alajuela maintains a secure banking center in the province.[32] There is a large, modern mall in Alajuela located close to the Juan Santamaría International Airport where many international brands maintain branches. Another mall is being constructed by a Honduran construction firm.[33]
Alajuela has a well-developed tourist sector throughout the province. Tourism is promoted by the Instituto Costarricense de Turismo (ICT) (Costa Rican Tourism Institute), although some Alajuelan politicians would like to see a separate bureau for Alajuela.[34] Alajuela has various national parks including Poás Volcano National Park, Arenal Volcano National Park, Rincón de la Vieja Volcano National Park, Juan Castro Blanco National Park, Los Ángeles Cloud Forest, and Caño Negro Wildlife Refuge, as well as other reserves and protected areas.
Some of the province's tourist industry is centered on the area around La Fortuna, a small town at the base of Arenal Volcano. There, tourists can visit hot spring resorts, tour a large lake below the volcano, go fishing, and visit nature reserves.[35] The Tabacón hot springs, which reach temperatures up to 37 degrees Celsius (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit), are a popular destination for national and international tourists.[36]
Other tourist centers in Alajuela include Zarcero, a town known for its public topiary garden.[37] Starting in the 1960s, gardener Evangelisto Blanco began transforming the bushes and cypress trees in Francisco Alvarado Park in the center of town.[37] The town maintains Blanco's tradition and is now an attraction. In Sarchí, national and international tourists can visit the country's traditional artisan shops. Geometrically painted oxcarts, furniture, and other crafts are some of the artisinal products built in Sarchí.[38] In the municipality of Palmares, there is a large festival every January.[39] The festival has been going on since 1987 and has live music, horse parades, and other traditional events that attract nearly 20,000 visitors each year.[40] Many visitors and businesses go to San Carlos in April each year for an annual cattle market. Grecia is a common stop for tourists traveling from the Central Valley to the Pacific Coast because of El Mundo de los Serpientes (The World of Snakes, a snake zoo and breeding center founded in 1994.[41]
The municipality of Alajuela is also a major tourist attraction. In the center of the city is a centuries-old cathedral with a plaza where mangoes regularly fall from the trees. Known as "The City of Mangoes," there is a mango festival each June. Next to the plaza, there is a museum dedicated to folk hero Juan Santamaría.[42] This museum is located within the old Alajuela Prison building and as of 1999 encompasses the old city armory, both of which are buildings constructed on the second half of the 19th century.[42] One wing of that museum revives the history behind the Battle of Santa Rosa between Costa Rica and American filibusterer William Walker in 1856, while other sections feature relics and displays from around the country. The museum also portrays the local culture, dedicating a section to local artisans and their works, and public theater events such as plays and lectures.[42]
In La Garita and La Guacima, west of the municipality of Alajuela, there are many attractions.[43] The Zoo Ave, established in 1990, is a bird rehabilitation and breeding center where visitors can view and learn about rare birds.[44] There is also the Botanical Orchid Garden which houses dozens of species of orchids as well as other plants native to the region.[44] The Butterfly Farm in La Guacima is another tourist attraction that also exports butterfly eggs and species to scientists and researchers around the world.[24] A popular destination on weekends, many Costa Ricans travel to this region to buy stone ornaments and decorative plants.
Culture and people[edit]
Alajuela takes a central place in Costa Rica's literary tradition, evidenced by the numerous authors raised in the country and commitment to public libraries. There are 14 public libraries Alajuela, more than any other province in the country.[45] The University of Costa Rica maintains children's literature outreach centers primarily in Alajuela, in Grecia, San Ramón, Naranjo, Palmares and Zarcero.[46] The municipality of Alajuela frequent holds storytelling contests and festivals, as well.[47][48]
Because of its rich literary tradition, San Ramón is often called "la tierra de las poetas" ("land of poets").[49] Many poets and authors were born in the San Ramón area, including José Joaquín Salas Pérez, Carlomagno Araya, Ema Gamboa, and Feliz Ángel Salas.[50] San Ramón's favorite son is often listed as Lisímaco Chavarría.[51] Born in 1878, Chavarría's romantic and naturalist poetry brought him into correspondence with many well-known Latin American authors, such as Rubén Darío, José Enrique Rodó and Joaquín García Monge.[51] Born in 1915, author and naturalist illustrator Rafael Lucas Rodríguez was a pioneering biologist in the country. He wrote numerous articles and books, as well as illustrative tracts of Costa Rican flora.[52] Author Fernando Contreras Castro, also born and raised in San Ramón, is an internationally recognized author writing in what is described as the "urban generation" style.[53] Contreras teaches literature at the University of Costa Rica.[53]
Social realist Fabián Dobles grew up in Atenas.[54] Dobles' work concentrates on the plight of the poor in Costa Rica. Dobles, a member of the Popular Vanguard Party, later spent time in prison for his political beliefs.[54] Author Carlos Luis Fallas was born and educated in Alajuela. Fallas' most well-known work, "Mamita Yunai," was based on his time working on a banana plantation.[55] Historian and journalist Ángela Ulibarri lives in Ciudad Quesada.[56] Contemporary playwright Jorge Arroyo also grew up in Alajuela. His work has been staged in half-a-dozen countries.[57]
Indigenous peoples[edit]
Most of the indigenous tribes of Alajuela were killed during Spanish colonization, although the Botos held out until the mid-1800s. Today, the Maleku are one of the only indigenous tribes left from the Spanish colonial period. Their reserve is in northern Alajuela, an hour north of La Fortuna at San Rafael de Guatuso.[58] There are three Maleku villages near Guatuso: Palenque Sol, Palenque Tonjibe, and Palenque Margarita, where residents subsist largely from the tourist economy.[58]
There are many higher-level educational centers in the province. The most well-known is Universidad Técnica Nacional de Costa Rica (UTN) (Technical University of Costa Rica). UTN was founded in 2008 as the result of the merger of several colleges.[59] It is the fifth public university in the country and maintains five campuses, including three in Alajuela at San Carlos, Atenas, and close to the municipality of Alajuela.[59] The Instituto Centroamericano de Administración de Empresas (INCAE) (Central American Institute for Business Administration) has a campus in La Garita.[60] INCAE was founded with the help of US during the Cold War with the intention of promoting business education in Central America.[61] The Universidad Adventista de Centroamérica (UAC) (Central American Adventist University) is a private Adventist university in Ceiba.[62] The Universidad Santa Lucía (Santa Lucia University) has a campus in the municipality of Alajuela and San Carlos.[63] San Carlos also has a branch of the Costa Rica Institute of Technology. Founded in 1995, the Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales (UCEM) Business Science University is also located in the municipality of Alajuela.[64] In addition, there are other higher learning centers with campuses in Costa Rica, such as the Colegio Universitario Boston (Boston University College), which is not associated with Boston University, and the Instituto Nacional de Aprendizaje (INA) (National Learning Institute.
Architecture and public art[edit]
Alajuela has a rich and diverse architectural history, reflected in the variety of different styles of churches, schools, houses, and public works projects.
The municipality of Grecia is home to the Iglesia de la Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes (Our Lady of Mercy Church), a church constructed almost entirely of sheet metal.[65] The sheet metal was bought by local investors and shipped from Belgium. Today, it is painted dark red.[65] The province is home to many of Costa Rica's historic churches, including the gothic church in Sarchí, the neo-classical church of Nuestra Señora de las Piedades (Our Lady of Piety) in Naranjo,[66] the neo-classical church of Templo San José in the municiaplity of Alajuela, and the wooden church in Venecia.[66] At the beginning of the 1900s, an attempt was made to build a church and monument near the top of Cerro Espíritu Santo (Holy Spirit Mountain) outside of San Miguel de Naranjo. The church was never completed because of frequent tremors and problems financing its construction. Today, the partially constructed church and amphitheater is a popular tourist stop on the way toward Volcán Arenal.[18]
Several schools in the province are also national monuments, including the art deco Escuela Jorge Washington in San Ramón built in 1931,[67] the neo classical Escuela Pedro Aguirre Cerda in Poas, and the neo-colonial Escuela de Hacienda Vieja.[66] The Escuela Central (Central School) of Atenas is national monument, built of galvanized steel. It is an art deco design that was built in first half of the twentieth century.[66]
In the municipality of Alajuela, there are three well-known churches. The Ermita de la Concepción de El Llano (The Hermitage of Plains Conception) is one of the only remaining adobe and cane churches left in the country.[68] Built in 1881, a project for its resauration began in 2000.[68] The current site of the Central Cathedral of Alajuela was first blessed as a church in 1790.[69] It was expanded in 1813, but replaced with the current Cathedral between 1854 and 1863, designed by Francisco Kurtze.[69] In 1888, the red cupola was added based on designs from Swiss arquitect Gustavo Casallini, giving the Central Cathedral its distinct look.[69]
Also in the municipality are several other buildings from the 1800s, built in neo-classical style. They are directly off the central plaza, including the Antigua Carcel (Old Prison), Antigua Gobernación (Old Capital), Templo Metodista "El Mesías" ("Messiah" Methodist Temple), Antiguo Cuartel (Old Barracks), and the neo-classical Antiguo Instituto de Alajuela y Salón de Actos (Old Alajuelan Government Building).[66] The art deco Escuela Ascensión Esquivel Ibarra and Hospital San Rafael are also within the municipality.
The Puente de Las Damas (Ladies' Bridge) built in 1844, is another national monument in Atenas.[66] Stories differ on the origin of the name. According to many people, construction was organized by well-known "high society" women, including the widow of former former head-of-state Manuel Fernández Chacón, Dolores Oreamuno.[70] Other sources claim the name comes from the nearby planting of cestrum nocturnum, which is often called "lady of the night" in Spanish.[70] In 1853, German traveler Wilhelm Marr commented that the bridge was a "spectacular mix of nature and art."[70] Reconstructed, the bridge still stands on the old highway to Puntarenas, provinding an avenue for farmers to transport coffee to the Pacific coast, as it did in the past.[71] Outside of Grecia, El Puente de Piedra (the Stone Footbridge) has given rise to so many folk-tales and legends [72] that it is also a national monument.[66] It is a natural formation that has been complemented to allow visitors to traverse across.
There are many examples of public art in the province. Several statues dedicated to national hero Juan Santamaría. The most famous is the municipality of Alajuela, which was supported and originally financed by the Legislative Assembly of Costa Rica.[73] Funding for the statue was first approved in 1887 and it was built by Arístide Croisy, a French sculptor. The statue and the two cannons next to it were installed in 1891. Nicaraguan poet Rubén Darío's poem, "¡Bronce al soldado Juan!" was inspired by the statue.[73] Also in the municipality are statues dedicated to Próspero Fernández Oreamuno, José Joaquín Mora Porras, León Fernández Bonilla, Miguel Obregón Lizano, Juan Manuel Meoño Herrera, Santiago Crespo Calvo (outside the Santiago Crespo Retirement Home), and Francisco de Paula Pereira Matamoros.[74] Opposite the airport is the Farmer's Park, where the Monumento al Agricultor (Farmer's Monument) is located. It was vandalized in 2014, but quickly restored.[75] In addition, there are numerous murals throughout the urban centers of Alajuela, including César Valverde Vega's in the Clínica de Alajuela.
Sarchí is home to the world's largest ox cart. It is displayed in the central park.[76]
Architect Ibo Bonilla was born in Sarchí. Bonilla designed the Latin American of Science and Technology University (ULACIT), and the Ibero American Hospital, among other projects. In addition, Bonilla remodeled the Central Bank of Costa Rica, the International Bank of Costa Rica, and many cultural spots in San José, including the Pre-Columbian Gold Museum.[77]
The municipality of Alajuela is home to the Liga Deportiva Alajuelense, one of Costa Rica's most successful soccer clubs.[78] La Liga was founded in 1919 and became a founding member of the Liga Nacional de Fútbol (National Football League) two years later. Between 1928 and 2011, La Liga won 27 national championships.[78] La Liga plays at the Alejandro Morera Soto Stadium, which has served as a national stadium and seats 18,000 spectators.
Frequent Costa Rica First Division teams in the province include Asociación Deportiva Carmelita which won the national championship in 1961, A.D. San Carlos, and Asociación Deportiva Ramonense. Other teams include Municipal Grecia, Selección de Cacao, Municipal Santa Ana, Sarchí, Selección de Canoas, Higuiteña, Upala (Guatuso), and COFUTPA Palmarés. Club Deportivo Alajuela Junior existed between 1933 and 1936.
Bullfighting in Costa Rica is less dangerous for animals than in other parts of the world,[79] and Alajuela is no exception. Every January in Palmares, bullfighting is the center of the city's annual festival.[80] In 2013, an amateur rodeo clown was killed while trying to annoy the bulls in the Palmares bullfighting ring.[80] The speedway track in La Guacima is often the site of such bullfighting events.[81] Other smaller events are staged at festivals throughout the province.[82]
Costa Rica's busiest airport is located in southern Alajuela. The Aeropuerto Internacional Juan Santamaría (Juan Santamaría International Airport) is the second busiest airport in Central America. There are other local airports in La Fortuna, Los Chiles, and Upala.
The major cities in Alajuela are connected by asphalted roads, be they highways or secondary. The General Cañas Highway connects the municipality of Alajuela to San José and was the subject of national ridicule when a sink hole temporarily closed it in 2012, causing enormous traffic problems throughout the metropolitan region.[83] The Ciudad Colón to Orotina connects Orotina to San José. The Pan-American Highway runs through the province.
In 1926, Alajuela was the scene of one of the worst railroad disasters in history. High above the Virilla River, a train carrying pilgrims to the Virgen de los Angeles derailed, killing 248 passengers and injuring a further 93.[84] Two of Alajuela's defunct railroad stations are classified as national monuments: the Estación del Ferrocarril al Pacífico (Pacific Railroad Station) in Orotina[85] and the Antigua Estación del Ferrocarril en Río Grande (Old Río Grande Railroad Station) in Atenas.[85] Río Grande's railroad bridge is also a national monument.[85]
President José María Figueres Olsen closed the rail transportation system following damage during an earthquake and external pressure to liberalize the nation's resources;[86] however, work is underway to reopen the rails. The Instituto Costarricense de Ferrocarriles (INCOFER) (Costa Rican Railroad Institute) is working to reopen the terminals and rails that link Alajuela and the other cities in the Central Valley.[87] It is scheduled to open in 2014.[88] In 2012, a proposal was made to build a train from Alajuela to Cartago[89] but the project never got underway and was eventually scrapped.
Health services[edit]
The entire province is serviced through the Caja Costarricense del Seguro Social (Caja) (Costa Rican Department of Social Insurance). Cities and towns of significant size have Equipos Básicos de Atención Integral en Salud (EBAIS) (Basic Medical Attention Center) facilities. In addition, one of Costa Rica's largest hospitals, Hospital San Rafael, is in the municipality of Alajuela.[32] Grecia is home to the Hospital San Francisco de Asís, built in 1858 by Ramón Quesada. Hospital Los Chiles is the northernmost hospital in the country. The old hospital in Quesada, built in the first half of the twentieth century and no longer in use, is a national monument.[85]
Other public services[edit]
Like the rest of the country, nearly half of the water services are provided by the Instituto Costarricense de Acueductos y Alcantarillados (AyA) (Costa Rican Institute of Aqueducts and Sewers).[90] Water service did not arrive to the northern city of Upala until 1976, but it was recently bolstered in the northern cantons of Los Chiles, La Urruca, and Coquitales.[91]
National trash collection is governed by the 8839 Law (Gestión Integral de Residuos Sólidos). The municipalities of Alajuela, Atenas, Grecia, Naranjo, Palmares, Poás, and San Ramón have collective trash removal services.[92]
Electricity did not arrive in the northern part of the province until the 1978. Grecia is home to a new hydroelectric plant, constructed in 2012.[31] The hydroelectric dam at Lake Arenal generates between 12% and 17% of the country's electricity.[14] There are a growing number of windmills that generate electricity in the province, including a plant at Tierras Morenas.
Political divisions[edit]
Alajuela has 15 cantons.
- Canton (Capital)
- Alajuela (Alajuela)
- San Ramón (San Ramón)
- Grecia (Grecia)
- San Mateo (San Mateo)
- Atenas (Atenas)
- Naranjo (Naranjo)
- Palmares (Palmares)
- Poás (San Pedro)
- Orotina (Orotina)
- San Carlos (Ciudad Quesada, also known as San Carlos)
- Alfaro Ruiz (Zarcero)
- Valverde Vega (Sarchí)
- Upala (Upala)
- Los Chiles (Los Chiles)
- Guatuso (San Rafael)
Notable residents[edit]
- Gabriela Traña, Olympic marathon runner[93]
- Alejandro Morera Soto - Barcelona soccer player
- Juan Santamaría - hero of 1856
- Ibo Bonilla Oconitrillo, sculptor, architect, and teacher
- Julio Acosta García, 24th President of Costa Rica
- Anastasio Alfaro, zoologist, geologist, genealogist and explorer
- Fernando Contreras Castro, Novelist
- León Cortés Castro, 28th President of Costa Rica
- Carlos Luis Fallas, writer and Communist leader
- Rafael Lucas Rodríguez, biologist, botanist and artist
- Jose Figueres Ferrer, first president of the new republic
- Juan Alfaro Ruiz, hero of 1856
- Edgar Zúñiga, sculptor
- Gustavo Solórzano Alfaro, poet, essayist, editor and teacher
- Lisimaco Chavarria, poet, "favorite son" of San Ramon
thumb|World's Largest Oxcart, Sarchí, Valverde Vega.
Cathedral of Palmares
Sarchí church
Bullfighting ring in Palmares
Lake Arenal created by hydroelectric dam
River Celeste in Upala
Ficus aurea (buttresses)
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- ^ editorialcostarica.com: Editorial Costa Rica: Carlos Luis Fallas, Retrieved 15 May 2014
- ^ Quesada, Gerardo (2 May 2008). "Vivir en San Carlos es una maravilla". San Carlos Al Dia (in Spanish) (San Carlos, Costa Rica). Retrieved 15 May 2014.
- ^ Badano, Alondra (2010). Teatro de autor en Costa Rica –Aproximación crítica a una selección de textos contemporaneous- (in Spanish). San José.: Editorial Universidad Estatal a Distancia (EUNED). ISBN 978-9968-31-815-0.
- ^ a b Vaas, Emily. ""The Rich Coast" : A Look at Costa Rica's Native Inhabitants". Retrieved 9 May 2012.
- ^ a b Villegas S., Jairo (5 January 2012). "UTN realiza hoy y mañana matrícula extraordinaria". La Nacion (in Spanish) (San Jose). Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ INCAE Business School: Business school rankings from the Financial Times - Incae Business School, Retrieved 13 May 2014
- ^ Complete University Guide: INCAE Business School - Complete University Guide, Retrieved 13 May 2014
- ^ Seventh-Day Adventist Church – Inter-American Division Inter-American Adventist Theological Seminary (IATS) |: Inter-American Adventist Theological Seminary (IATS) | Seventh-Day Adventist Church – Inter-American Division Inter-American Adventist Theological Seminary (IATS) |, Retrieved 13 May 2014
- ^ universidadescr.com: Universidades Privadas en Costa Rica 2014 l Becas, Carreras, Cursos, Empleos de Costa Rica, Retrieved 13 May 2014
- ^ Costa Rica: Biblioteca de la Universidad de Ciencias Empresariales (Alajuela). - Sistema de Información Cultural - Costa Rica, Retrieved 13 May 2014
- ^ a b Atlas Obscura: Iglesia de la Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes | Atlas Obscura, Retrieved 14 May 2014
- ^ a b c d e f g "Inmuebles de la Provincia Alajuela". architectural database (in Spanish). San José: Centro de Conservación Patrimonio Cultural. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Universidad de Costa Rica: Escuela Jorge Washington, Retrieved 15 May 2014
- ^ a b Eduardo Mora, José. "Restaurarán histórica ermita de El Llano de Alajuela". Semenario Universidad (in Spanish) (San Jose). Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b c Zamora Hernandez, Carlos (2010). Circuito de Turismo Cultural: Ciudad de Alajuela (in Spanish). San Jose: Centro de Conservación Patrimonio Cultural. p. 23. ISBN 978-9977-59-221-3. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b c Hilje Quirós, Luko (31 May 2009). "Las damas del puente". El Pais (Costa Rica) (in Spanish) (San Jose). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
- ^ Mentor Costarricense (San José). 15 June 1844
- ^ Soto Mayedo, Isabel (2008). "Costa Rica: la leyenda de Puente de Piedra" (in Spanish). Propuestas Vía Cuba. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b Rivera Figueroa, Laura María (2010). Unidad de Análisis de la Gestión Parlamentaria (in Spanish). San Jose: Departamento de Servicios Parlamentarios. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Zamora Hernandez, Carlos Manual; Yanory Alvarez Masis; Carlos Luis Fallas Pastor (2003). Monumentos Escultoricos Provinciales (in Spanish). San Jose: Ministerio de Juventud, Deportes, y Cultural. ISBN 9977-59-164-4. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Solano, Hugo (12 February 2014). "Municipalidad de Alajuela asumirá el costo de restauración del Monumento al Agricultor". La Nacion (in Spanish) (San Jose). Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Catchpole, Karen (3 May 2013). "Topiary, Group Bullfighting, Organic Coffee and Ox Carts – Central Valley, Costa Rica". Trans-Americas Journey. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Ovidio Ramírez. Revista Punta Leona,Ibo Bonilla: Hacedor de profesiones y de sueños, 2009. Retrieved 18 May 2014
- ^ a b "Una Historia Llena de Alegrias". Periodico La Segunda (in Spanish) (Alajuela, Costa Rica). June 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ Harrell, Ashley; Lindsay Fendt (21 July 2013). "Costa Rica: Where the bull wins the fight". The Week. Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ a b Fendt, Lindsay (8 January 2014). "5 things to know about Costa Rica's gigantic Palmares Festival". The Tico Times (San Jose). Retrieved 14 May 2014.
- ^ Lopez, Jaime (23 December 2014). "Holiday "Bullfights" in Costa Rica: Animal Cruelty?". Costa Rica Star. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
- ^ Stark, Mitzi (5 May 2011). "Improvisados, not matadors, at Tico bullfights". The Tico Times (San Jose). Retrieved 16 May 2014.
- ^ The Tico Times: General Cañas Highway closed from San José-Alajuela on Thursday — The Tico Times, Retrieved 13 May 2014
- ^ Time Magazine: LATIN AMERICA: Disasters - TIME, Retrieved 13 May 2014
- ^ a b c d Ministerio de Cultura y Juventud: Vista de Inmuebles - Inmuebles - MCJ, Retrieved 14 May 2014
- ^ Dr. T. Leslie Youd (1993). "LIQUEFACTION, GROUND FAILURE AND CONSEQUENT DAMAGE DURING THE 22 APRIL 1991 COSTA RICA EARTHQUAKE". LIQUEFACTION, GROUND FAILURE AND CONSEQUENT DAMAGE DURING THE 22 APRIL 1991 COSTA RICA EARTHQUAKE. EERC Library. Retrieved 7 May 2012.
- ^ "Jerarca de Incofer afirma que uso del tren para transporte de carga y llegada a Paraíso y Alajuela son tareas pendientes" [Chief of Incofer confirms operation of freight train and reaching Paraíso y Alajuela remain unfinished jobs]. La Nacion (in Spanish). Grupo La Nacion. 22 April 2014. Retrieved 12 May 2014.
- ^ "Tren volverá a pitar en Alajuela en el 2014". Periodico La Segunda (in Spanish) (Alajuela, Costa Rica). June 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ Evans, Marcel (24 October 2012). "Costa Rica seeks investors for suburban train connecting Alajuela and Cartago". Costa Rica Star. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ "Agua llega a cantones alajuelenses". Periodico La Segunda (in Spanish) (Alajuela, Costa Rica). April 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ "Agua llega a cantones alajuelenses". Periodico La Segunda (in Spanish) (Alajuela, Costa Rica). June 2013. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ "Mejores tarifas para residuos sólidos". Periodico La Segunda (in Spanish) (Alajuela, Costa Rica). September 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
- ^ "Ser Atleta Olimpica No Es Solo Ganar". Periodico La Segunda (in Spanish) (Alajuela, Costa Rica). July 2012. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
External links[edit]
- Media related to Alajuela Province at Wikimedia Commons


text:
176 posts found | |
Originally posted by Aerowyn I've played a ratoonga AND froglok Let's build the ultimate MMO 1 feature at a time "blocked nariusseldon since forever" |
Originally posted by mmoguy43 Me too, they were my favourite races in EQ2. I had a pink female froglok wizard who ran around in a wedding dress called Fabula. Haters gonna hate. |
NO ONE is gay because he plays a game.... I just hate being girl in a sexist(asian) game, like TERA, where the girls are Warrior Whores, it brings me the thinking beyond gaming, into a desire thing, that i only want in my real life with my girlfriend. In games where the girls are respectfull represented, with real clothes and real warrior armor, i love to play them. I don't think about sexwhile playing, and i'm petty sure all the guys who give the excuse " i play female to look at her ass", are answering it not entirely, maybe it has more to be told about. Just like a guy telling he plays a guy because playing girls is a gay thing,"you want to be a girl in real life i know !!!!" why bring the FUN time this type of conversation? I PLAY FEMALES AND MALES - im not gay(no prolem with homossexual people) or sexist !!!!! I CAN'T ACCEPT THE PRE-MADE EXCUSES HERE! |
Originally posted by evilastro i had froglok as well:) guess i must secretly wish i was a frog or enjoy watching those sexy frogs asses as they walk:) I angered the clerk in a clothing shop today. She asked me what size I was and I said actual, because I am not to scale. I like vending machines 'cause snacks are better when they fall. If I buy a candy bar at a store, oftentimes, I will drop it... so that it achieves its maximum flavor potential. --Mitch Hedberg |
I've played males, females and characters of no gender in MMOs. It's all about what character I want to create. I tend to have a cast of characters that re-appear in different games. Oh and of course, I'll be the first to admit that I must be a closet rat-o-sexual, since I too enjoy playing a ratonga. "I'd rather work on something with great potential than on fulfilling a promise of mediocrity." - Raph Koster Tried: AO,EQ,EQ2,DAoC,SWG,AA,SB,HZ,CoX,PS,GA,TR,IV,GnH,EVE, PP,DnL,WAR,MxO,SWG,FE,VG,AoC,DDO,LoTRO,Rift,TOR,Aion,Tera,TSW,GW2,DCUO,CO,STO |
Elite Member
Joined: 1/13/10 Currently playing EVE, SMITE, ArcheAge, and Combat Arms |
Originally posted by evilastro Those were my favorite races, as well. I wish more MMOs has non-humanoid or creature-based races. "And wikipedia is as accurate as Britannica. Wikipedia is very reliable. You would be hard pressed to find a more reliable source for these kinds of things." -fivoroth |
Originally posted by Zierrity This |
Originally posted by Talonsin Well, I suppose that's a reason. Personally I don't judge people on the "why". So what if one prefers the form of a character or so what if they find that form sexually appealing? People forget (or most likely they just can't understand) that appreciating one form or another goes back loooong before the camera. Erotica is in the mind. one can stare at a photo of a naked person and get nothing but see a drawing that is posed in such a way, perhaps wearing the clothing in a particular way and that is what gets the motor running. Or it can be anything really. Heck, one of the most sexually appealing things that I've ever seen was a woman who was wearing regular shirt and jeans but there was a hole in the jeans just on the outside upper thigh and "that" was more intriguing than some of the boring nudes I've seen over the years. And again, people are different. The idea that we still can't get past this fact after hundreds of years is amazing. If someone enjoys looking at an avatar and that gives them a thrill then good on them. If someone wants to have an avatar be an extension of them then good on them. If someone wants to just look at a particular gender simply for aesthetic differences yet it doesn't do anything for their libido then that is completely plausible as far as I'm concerned. We live in the 21st century and given what we have access to from the internet to books to movies, etc people can be more open about who they are and what they want. It's the people who are seething inside because they can't accept all of this and must demonize other people because "if they play an avatar of the opposite sex they must be filthy in some way" who bother me the most. Yet, as long as they don't inflict themselves on others then "good on them". |
Originally posted by jonrd463 My toughts on the subject but better explained :) thank you :D |
Originally posted by Siveria OH wow i did not know someone could be obsesed with something by posting a comment about the subject in a thread devoted towards said subject. I said i don't get it. that does not mean that im obssesed with the entire debacle. its jus't my opinion. Aapearantly you and ALOT of other people need to defend it with arms and teeth, that's more worrying tbh. |
I play both. It's not like I'm staring at any part of my character for sexual gratification. The entire argument of "M with M character or F with F character is a homosexual" is completely baseless. I think players tend to gravitate towards whatever fits their character or what they are most familiar with. Not all players are 13 year old pubescent boys that are constantly looking for eye candy. It's not my sexual preference that leads me to pick the sex of my character. I played WoW up until WotLK, played RoM for 2 years and now Rift. |
Originally posted by Sovrath so ure a cameltoe lover too, welcome to the club :) |
Novice Member
Joined: 6/13/10 To the caterpillar it is the end of the world. To the master, it is a butterfly. |
As a transgender woman I find this question to be a form of transphobia. Number one gender is a social construct, and nothing you can quote from any biological study, or medical study will prove anything different, especially considering the wide variety of intersex characteristics and conditions from hormone sensitivities to crossed gonads. Also, with respect to the lgbt "community", there are far more options than male or female. Anyone who denies this is lacking in a sociological, medical, psychological, and biological education. The big question is, why does it matter ?? This question comes up all the time, and at the core of it is homophobia and transphobia, and frankly if you do not know what those are, please look them up. To the caterpillar it is the end of the world, to the master, it is a butterfly. |
I'm a girl who plays a girl, when I have a choice. I've never even thought of playing a male. Hmmmm..... I doubt if I ever will. Life is Short, Read a Book. |
likewise.=D try before buy, even if it's a game to avoid bad surprises. |
People getting all bent out of shape about it seems pretty goofy to me. Some of it I think has to do with the image of the creepy guy in his forties pretending to be a young woman, though I don't think thats entirely relevant. I think I know what the big thing is: People are generally uncomfortable not knowing/misjudging the gender of others they are interacting with. I don't think I would've been able to identify it before someone who I've known for 20 years determined herself to be a trans woman. Every time I need to use a gender specific pronoun referring to her I'm weirded out, because gender has so much to do with social identity. As for my choice in video games. I'm a guy, and I tend to choose beastish hybrids. Iksar, Tauren, Charr for example were my clear race choices in EQ/WoW/GW2, always male. If those aren't around/appealing, I tend to choose the beefier humans. I'll play a male character as long as they aren't walking refrigerators or pretty boys; I'll play a female character if they've got more of a tough frame (in Tera, I play a female Amani). If I'm roleplaying the character, I'll choose male. If the game is constantly showing me the character's loincloth covered ass regardless of gender, I'll play female (dark souls deprived run). Edit: Changed "not knowing" in the second paragraph to "not knowing/misjudging" |


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Dark World
This gripping psychological thriller follows in the best traditions of Hitchcock and Chandler. A former LA cop gets entangled in a web of sex, betrayal and violence when his niece is abducted.
Chatsworth, CA : Image Entertainment, c2008.
1 videodisc (95 min.) :,sd., col. ;,4 3/4 in.
Additional Contributors:


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Add a simple, yet sophisticated sleeping solution to your bedroom with the Stratus Queen Upholstered Bed, Brown Faux Leather. It's constructed from tropical hardwood solids with a European style bentwood slat support system for use without a box spring. It offers a low profile design combined with sleek brown faux leather upholstery on the headboard, footboard and side rails. It features a high back to accent any style of bedroom decor, and its brown coloring matches well with most color schemes. The Stratus Full Upholstered Faux Leather Bed, Brown comes with a one-year warranty for extra assurance and security. Some assembly is required. Mattress and bedding are sold separately. This bed is also available in other sizes, including Full, California king and Eastern king.
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text: I work as Musician, Producer and Educator. I have spent years in the music business and toured a great deal over this time. I enjoy going to countries I have never been too-the world is so large and it is nice to get to know some of it. I also enjoy the stories that come with place and time, the history of a neighbourhood, the story behind an object so books related to travel and history is something I enjoy, in that sense I would call myself a life long learner.I enjoy a house/home environment that is a break from the busy world, somewhere to relax.


text: On Friday, March 6th from 6-9 pm, Trinity Gallery will host the opening reception of NC artist, Fen Rascoe. Fen paints with oils, in plein air or in studio. Inspired by the land he farms, as well as the water, Fen is influenced by artists Edgar Payne, Aldro T. Hibbard, Edward H. Potthast, and Greenville, NC native Francis Speight. His love for North Carolina's beauty is evident in his work. The show will run through the end of March.


text:
Definition of sailboat
n. - A boat propelled by a sail or sails.
The word "sailboat" uses 8 letters: A A B I L O S T.
No direct anagrams for sailboat found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after sailboat (in bold), or to aabilost in any order:
c - bicoastal n - ablations s - sailboats
List all words starting with sailboat, words containing sailboat or words ending with sailboat
All words formed from sailboat by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: sa ai il lb bo oa at
Browse words starting with sailboat by next letter
Previous word in list: sailboards
Next word in list: sailboater
Some random words: moas totted drab pya aorist vex afar
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
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text:
Consider the following data:
Motor output characteristic,
The speed range of the motor is
The starting torque of the motor is the torque of the motor at zero speed.
Calculate the starting torque of the motor.
Therefore, the starting torque of the motor, is .
Calculate the no-load speed of the motor when the load torque is zero.
Therefore, the no-load speed, is .
Calculate the motor output power.
The speed at which the output power is maximum is found by equating the first derivative of the output power to zero.
…… (1)
Write the Taylor series approximation of .
Write the Taylor series approximation of .
Substitute for and for in the equation (1).
Calculate the speed at which the maximum power output occurs.
Now calculate the maximum output power.
Therefore, the maximum output power, is .
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Another agent of Irving ("Waxey Gordon") Wexler. whose wide interests include theatrical promotion (Strike Me Pink), liquor and an indictment for $400,000 tax evasion, was shot down as he got out of a bus in The Bronx last week. Owen Victor ("Owncy") Madden, best known Manhattan racketeer, whose Staten Island brewery is reportedly now operating legally, was let out of Sing Sing, where he had been since last July for violation of parole. In his pocket was $17.52 he had made growing carnations and jonquils.
In the past three months, 34 gangsters have...
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Genre: Biography, Drama, War
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A.Winters Fotografia
Mayhem # 1301729
About MeI'm Lisa. I really am new to modeling. I was recently modeling for an alternative nude site, and realized I wanted to work on my own and build my portfolio a little more. I still will do nude shoots, but I just want more then that in my portfolio. I want edgy, glamourous, unique, sexy, maybe dark and twisted shots. I'm getting into modeling because for once in my life I'm accepting and loving my body. I want to express my body and my beauty and love doing that through photography.I'm so excited to meet great new people and work with amazing photographers and models. Thank you for visiting my site, and I hope to hear from you soon!! - Lisa GiaFriends |


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Barkla elected county board chair
Paul Barkla, who has served on the Pierce County Board since April 2004, was elected its chairman when the board met to reorganize last week.
Barkla, 73, River Falls, has worked for several labor unions as a researcher, wrote training manuals, and has been an educator and business agent. He has also been active with various health, environmental and political organizations, and worked as a legislative assistant for two U.S. senators and two congressmen.


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Fire Truck Arrival Fail The firemen were in such a rush they forgot to use their brakes. 11/30/2013 2:14:37 PM 9,317 26
Fire Truck vs Flood Nothing will stop these fire fighters from getting to the fire, even a huge... 1/3/2012 12:00:00 AM 23,345 57
Firefighters Driving Through Forest Fire It's a dangerous job but someone has to do it. Hats off to those brave... 8/7/2014 11:51:31 AM 5,260 26
Firing Missiles Out of a Pickup This is what happens when you mount a SAM missile system in the wrong... 10/14/2012 12:00:00 AM 21,438 47
Fixing a Huge Truck Tire Goes Wrong Boom, going to need a new rim now. 1/18/2013 12:00:00 AM 25,771 50
Ford Truck vs Dodge Truck: How NOT To Pull Your Buddy Out You're supposed to slowly drag your friend out, NOT gun it!!!! That's a... 1/7/2015 10:39:32 AM 10,818 54
Frustrated Driver Makes His Own Parking Spot How many of you have wanted to do this before? I know I have! 8/5/2014 11:33:53 AM 20,248 37


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Bank of America
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Roundtable: A Super Bowl To Remember
On this week's bloggers' roundtable: the Super Bowl ended in a record-setting win by the Pittsburgh Steelers. But what about the commercials?
Plus, a mother of six gives birth to octuplets and sets off a wave of controversy.
Joining Tony Cox are Charles Robinson of Charles Black Politics Blog; K. Tempest Bradford of The Angry Black Woman; and Corey Richardson of Vexed in the City.
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text: The Abducted by Demons Arc 1 wiki last edited by pikahyper on 05/09/14 08:37AM View full history Life couldn't be better for Keiichi Maebara. Sure, he's moved to a sleepy, little town where nothing happens and high school consists of a one-room schoolhouse — but his new friends and fellow students are all cute girls! When he happens upon a story about a grisly local murder, however, his contentment turns to uneasiness as he finds himself drawn into a web of silent intrigue that involves his newfound friends…and threatens his very existence.Chapter TitlesChapter 1: Hinamizawa VillageChapter 2: The Night of the Cotton DriftingChapter 3: Suspicion


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In a statement made to Next-Gen, SCEA PR manager Ryan Bowling spoke briefly on the current status of PS3 developers and the number of shipped development kits. Said Bowling: "The best and brightest development teams are hard at work creating familiar franchises and original IP for the PS3 including – EA, Konami, Sega, Rockstar, Activison and our own internal studios just to name a few... To date we have shipped more than 10,000 development systems to 208 companies in 11 countries, the largest number ever for a PlayStation platform."
In related news, the EVO Phase One pc/console has shipped 13 dev kits.
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