text: ISTANBUL 2010 EUROPEAN CAPITAL OF CULTURE AN IMPETUS FOR THE REGENERATION OF THE HISTORIC CITY Cânâ Bilsel 1 and Tümay Arıcan 2 1 Middle East Technical University, Department of Architecture Ankara (Turkey) firstname.lastname@example.com email@example.com 2 Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency email@example.com Abstract The initiative for Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture, which started as a civil organisation, has been presented as a project of citizenship, besides its apparent goal of increasing the publicity of Istanbul as a multi-cultural metropolis. In this framework, highlighting the city's cultural heritage has been one of the principal objectives of the project. The organisation of Istanbul 2010 ECOC has been engaged to provide exem- plary projects especially for the sites inscribed in the World Heritage List by UNESCO, by promoting participatory urban experiences based on knowledge-based, multi-action coordination models. Although the ECOC process has not been completed yet, one can argue that the Istanbul 2010 Agency has achieved its objectives in a number of urban rehabilitation projects, while «urban renovation projects» led by district municipalities still remain highly controversial. Introduction On 16 January 2010 Istanbul became the European Capital of Culture with spectacular inauguration ceremonies held in seven different places that symbolically represent the seven hills of the old capital of empires. This was an expression of the close involvement of the ECOC project Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 215 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan with the cultural and historical heritage of the city. Besides making Istanbul a «trade mark» to increase its attraction as a centre of tourism, it has been devised as a social project of citizenship in which urban con- servation and regeneration have been given a place of priority. In this paper, Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture project, which is an uncompleted process, is presented from the perspective of urban con- servation and regeneration projects which constitute an integral part of the overall programme. 1. Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: a civil initiative The initiative for Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture was started by a group of people, who were representatives of a number of NGos, associations of culture and of the media. They formed an «initiative group» in July 2000, after the 1999 EU resolution that extended the European Capital of Culture project to non-member countries (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency 2007: 8). The group took the necessary steps for the candidacy of Istanbul to the programme, obtaining also the sup- port of both the local and central governments. In December 2005, the governor of Istanbul, the mayor of the Metropolitan City, the general coordinator of the Istanbul 2010 organisation and representatives of the civil society submitted the bid to the European Commission. Fol- lowing a successful presentation to the committee of selection, Istanbul was finally announced, in November 2006, with the approval of the European Parliament and the European Ministers of Culture, to be the European Capital of Culture for 2010 together with Essen/Ruhr in Ger- many and Pećs in Hungary. The role that the civil society and the local governments played in the initiative was one of the main reasons why Istanbul was selected. The Agency for Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture (ECoC) was founded by a law that the Turkish National Assembly enacted on 2 November 2007 (law no. 5706), as an autonomous legal identity that would operate under private law – and not as a governmental agency Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 216 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city under state law. «The aim of establishing the agency in this way [was] to minimize institutionalisation and give space to existing organisa- tions», as it is stated in a report for monitoring (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency: 9). The Agency was «founded for the purpose of planning and managing the activities for preparing Istanbul as European Capital of Culture by 2010 and coordinating the joint efforts of public bodies and institutions in order to realize this goal» (http://www.en.istanbul2010. org/2010AKBAJANSI/hakkında/index.htm). It is a semi-official organi- sation, which brings together the representatives of NGos, professional organisations, the Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, the Istanbul Governor's Office and Ministries of Culture and Tourism, and Foreign Affairs. The organization has a tri-partite structure composed of a coor- dination board, an advisory council and an executive board. 1.1. Objectives of the Istanbul 2010 ECOC project The objectives of the Istanbul 2010 ECoC project are enumerated in several other documents. It is possible to group them under three main headings to highlight the historical heritage of Istanbul and contribut- ing to its conservation, to publicise the city internationally, and to rein- force the sense of citizenship. «To prove the importance accorded to the historical cultural herit- age of Istanbul which was the cradle of several civilisations by contrib- uting to the conservation and restoration of monuments and regenera- tion of historic sites», is the first objective cited. Not only does it point to the significance of the historical heritage of the civilizations that the city embodies, but it also presents the Capital of Culture project as an opportunity to demonstrate the importance that Turkey accords to this heritage by the impetus that will be given to the conservation and regeneration of historic sites and monuments. «To publicise Istanbul and Turkey to the World by emphasising the multi-cultural aspects and values that the city is dotted with» and «to attract the attention of the world's public opinion» define the second group of objectives of the Istanbul 2010 ECoC project. It is seen as an opportunity to upgrade the image of Istanbul, to make it known as a Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 217 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan city of culture and as a multi-cultural metropolis not only in Europe but in the whole world. In parallel to this, «placing Istanbul with its iden- tity in the cultural map of Europe» is set as an objective that refers to Turkey's being a part of Europe with its particular identity. «To develop new possibilities of investment», «to increase the number of tourists and incomes from tourism» and «to increase the average duration of accommodations in Istanbul» are set as objectives to achieve in conse- quence of the city's increasing publicity. Finally Istanbul 2010 ECoC project has objectives concerning the citizens: «to enable the meeting of the inhabitants of Istanbul around the nodes of culture and art», «to bring together people from all dif- ferent groups around common points», and «to make people acquire a sense of citizenship». The Agency aims to achieve these objectives by public participation and the support of both the central government and municipalities in collaboration with NGOs (İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı, Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Uygulamaları Programı: 5-6). Istanbul 2010 Agency operates in 3 strategic areas. These are culture and arts, urban implementations and conservation of the cultural herit- age, and tourism and publicity. Directorates of Urban Implementations, Urban Projects Coordination, and Cultural Heritage and Museums carry out projects related with the conservation and regeneration of the urban cultural heritage (http://www.en.istanbul2010.org/2010AKBAJANSI/ hakkında/index.htm). 1.2. Istanbul 2010 ECOC as a project of citizenship The whole city of Istanbul with its metropolitan area is defined as the geographical area where various activities of the Istanbul 2010 pro- gramme take place. It extends over two continents, with its European and Asian sides. Istanbul is a big metropolis with a population of more than 12 million, which is 17 percent of Turkey's total population. The most populated city not only of the country but in Europe, Istanbul is the financial and cultural capital of Turkey (Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency 2007: 11), yet, only 38 percent of its population was born in Istanbul; Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 218 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city in other words the majority of the population is constituted by immi- grants, many of which do not consider themselves as belonging to this city. Hence Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture is regarded «not only as a cultural, but also as a social and urban transformation project» that aims at making the inhabitants citizens of Istanbul. In that sense it is a project of urbanity and citizenship that ultimately strives to create both an urban culture and a public realm in which citizens participate actively. This transformation is thought to be achieved through (1) a participatory model for neighbourhood rehabilitation and urban trans- formation, (2) reinforcing the citizens' sense of belonging, and (3) the municipalities' participation and appropriation (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency 2007: 20-21). The Istanbul 2010 Agency has won recently the Melina Mercouri Award for its efforts and achievements in this direc- tion (İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı 2009). 1.3. Projects of urban transformation and conservation of cultural heritage In conformity with this citizenship project, the priorities of the Istan- bul 2010 Agency in urban projects are set as «to coordinate partnership exercises between public institutions, NGos and institutions special- ised in different areas, to help creation of new urban experiences», «to encourage citizens to get involved in the decision-making processes, to support efforts to carry the city into the 21st century». In line with these, the Urban Implementations and Urban Projects Coordination direc- torates have defined a number of objectives for the projects that they would support and/or conduct. These have been formulated as provid- ing «participatory urban transformation», «sustainability of the cultural heritage», creating an «infrastructure of culture and arts for a creative metropolis», «collaboration for developing the public realm of Istan- bul» and «multi-culturalism and international dialogue» (İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı, Press release PPT presentation, 2008). Participatory urban transformation is to be achieved «by stimulat- ing those who live in Istanbul to acquire a sense of citizenship and to be proud of their city, making an ever increasing number of people a Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 219 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan part of the urban transformation process» (İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı, Press release PPT presentation, 2008). The sustainability of the cultural heritage can only be realised through its appropriation by the citizens. Therefore, Istanbul 2010 aims at making the rich cultural and historical heritage a part of the citizens' everyday life by rehabilitat- ing them and by encouraging projects that will contribute to the con- servation of the cultural heritage as well as to the cultural production. Hence it will reinforce Istanbul's place on the World Cultural Heritage List of UNESCo. Istanbul, the historic capital of empires, has an invaluable heritage accumulated through ages. The Istanbul 2010 organisation has declared that the sustainability and creative utilisation, conservation and promo- tion of this rich cultural heritage was an important issue to be raised in this context, and this had to be done «in accordance with the interna- tional conventions laid out by UNESCo» (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency 2007: 22). This last involvement has guided the policies and decisions of the Istanbul 2010 Agency. one of the targets of the Istanbul 2010 ECoC project is to gener- ate an infrastructure of Culture and Arts for a «creative metropolis». It intends to realise that «by supporting projects that propose mechanisms and policies enhancing the quality of works of art and the status of the artist» (İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı, Press release PPT presentation, 2008). Instead of building directly a physical infrastruc- ture, it financially supports projects that provide facilities for arts and culture (from libraries to arts and culture centres, museums, exhibition and school buildings) and make them widespread. For this reasons it encourages projects that will be realised by the collaboration of the public sector, local government, civil society, educational institutions and independent institutions of art in priority within the framework of Istanbul 2010. It is believed that such a policy will help to develop prac- tices of collaboration between institutions and the civil society, hence contributing to the flourishing public realm of Istanbul. It has been decided from the start that the development of the cultural infrastructure of the city would be addressed to the conserva- tion, reutilisation, redevelopment and promotional projects for cultural heritage sites, museums, archaeological sites, industrial heritage sites. Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 220 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city While all these activities necessitated long-term planning, Istanbul 2010 set its mission as: initiating a process to bring together agencies and authorities responsible for the protection and development of the city's cultural heritage whereby sustainable and creative utilisation of the city's cultural heritage can be achieved (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency 2007: 22). This process of «long-term planning and co-ordinated action» is expected to be an experience acquired as per the main legacies of Istanbul 2010. 2. UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List and the reactive monitoring process in Istanbul A number of sites in the historic city of Istanbul were inscribed on the UNESCo World Heritage List in 1985. Several areas including those located in the historic peninsula, Galata and natural sites along the Bosphorus had already been declared as zones of conservation subject to national legislation. The Archaeological Park of Sultanahmet, The Theodosian Land Walls and their zone of protection, and two historic neighbourhoods, Süleymaniye neighbourhood adjacent to Architect Sinan's Süleymaniye complex and Zeyrek neighbourhood around the Byzantine Church of Pantochrator - Zeyrek Mosque, have been listed as core areas of the World Heritage property (Fig. 1). However, considerable threats to the historic sites were observed after they were enlisted by UNESCO. The potential negative effects of the construction of large-scale transportation infrastructure projects besides the poor quality repairs and excessive reconstruction of the Roman-Byzantine City Walls and the demolition of the timber houses from the Ottoman period were enumerated among these threats. In 2004, the Deputy Director of the UNESCo World Heritage Centre suggested, for the first time, that «the Historic Areas of Istanbul might be inscribed on the List of World Heritage in Danger, unless urgent improvements in safeguarding and management were instituted» (UNESCo World Heritage Committee 2009: 6). Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 221 Fig. 1 UNESCO World Heritage List core sites and the Historic Peninsula Management Plan Area in Istanbul (2009); scale: 1/130000. Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city A «reactive monitoring process» has been conducted by the Joint UNESCO-ICOMOS Monitoring Mission since 2004. The effectiveness of organisational relations and coordination between decision making bodies responsible for the safeguarding of the World Heritage have been questioned by the committee. In the 2008 and 2009 Monitoring Reports by the UNESCo World Heritage Committee, it is stated that significant improvements have been made. The Istanbul Cultural and Natural Sites Management Directorate was established in 2006 and a World Heritage Site Manager was appointed (UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2008: 8). The State party has taken a number of measures to increase the funds available for the conservation of the historical heritage. An additional funding has been provided within the framework of Istanbul European Capital of Culture; 20 percent of the funds raised for this purpose are to be spent on the World Heritage Site (The Turkish Grand National Assem- bly allocated USD 201,475,000 to Istanbul European Capital of Culture 2010, of which USD 40,300,000 is allocated to the conservation of the World Heritage Site, with the approval of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism) (UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2008: 24). In addition to these, an initiative of the Metropolitan Municipality is worth mention- ing here. The establishment of KUDEB (Conservation Implementation and Control Bureau of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality) in 2006 has increased private conservation initiatives by providing expertise, crafts- manship and sponsorship by the use of the newly issued «Encouraging Cultural Investments Act». In spite of such improvements, in the same reports, the committee points to the persistence of serious threats to the outstanding value and integrity of the World Heritage property. Among these, it emphasises the absence of a World Heritage management plan, which resulted in major infrastructure projects being planned without regard to the impacts that they might cause on the «outstanding universal value of the site». It also points to the destructive effects of a new law, enacted in 2005, on the conservation of the cultural heritage in the historic penin- sula. The Law for the «Preservation by Renovation and Utilisation by Revitalisation of Deteriorated Immovable Historic and Cultural Proper- ties» (law no. 5366) enables local authorities to intervene on the «worn- Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 223 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan out» historic areas through «regeneration plans». However, the reports stress that this legislative tool is used for renewal projects directed to «land-development» (UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2008: 35-36 and 2009: 16). In April 2009, the UNESCo World Heritage mission concluded with a number of recommendations such as the necessity of develop- ing an integrated and comprehensive management plan for the whole World Heritage property in international standards, and of revising all projects concerning this property proposed by the municipalities, including those designated under the law no. 5366. The revisions of Sultanahmet, Süleymaniye, Zeyrek and Theodosian Land Walls Con- servation Implementation Plans are required «to realise the in-situ conservation of existing historic structures rather than rebuilding, making new construction and land development» in the framework of the overall World Heritage Management Plan. A «Conservation Action Plan» is asked for the entire circuit of the city walls that will guide their conservation «in accordance with international standards». A spe- cific mission is assigned to the Istanbul 2010 ECOC programme in this framework: While the efforts of the Istanbul European Capital of Culture programme in incorporating activities to promote the outstanding universal value of the World Heritage Property should be praised, it should also emphasise its role as providing a platform for exchanges between the civil society and local and national authorities (UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2009: 7). As the projects that are going to be undertaken by the Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency are mostly under the responsibility of the Site Manage- ment Department, the application by this latter for «financial support» was accepted by the Agency as an opportunity to work together and build a capacity for partnership. Following a protocol between the Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency and the Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul, the Agency has been charged with preparing the Conserva- tion Management Plan for the Historic Peninsula. Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 224 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city 2.1. Controversial urban renewal projects and the position of the Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency Istanbul has been the arena of contesting prospects in the last decades more than ever before. The historic heritage sites of the city do not con- stitute an exception to that. Conservation of the cultural heritage and historic sites had long been a struggle led by professionals, i.e. architects, planners, specialists of conservation, besides a few intellectuals, yet the appropriation of the civil cultural/historic heritage by a larger public is a recent phenomenon in Turkey in general and in Istanbul in particular. The efforts of civil organisations have had a remarkable effect on the creation of awareness towards this heritage. The Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency has adopted such a mission from the very start. The historic peninsula has increasingly attracted immigrants since the mid 20th century, and housed the poorest sections of the urban popu- lation. The historic quarters and buildings have been subjected to a con- tinuous process of decay, occupied by all kinds of incompatible uses. However, it is possible to observe, today, that the conservative party in power, both in the central and local governments, attribute a symbolic value to the historic city of Istanbul and its architecture. This is one of the reasons why they give a particular importance to the upgrading of the historic neighbourhoods. However, these areas have also been perceived as profitable real estates to be developed in line with the neo- liberal policies of the government and other economic actors. Making the historic core of Istanbul a centre of tourism is another vision that might result in its gentrification. The following cases illustrate compet- ing visions on the historic sites of Istanbul, and the position that the Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency took in some controversial situations on the rehabilitation of historic sites and the destiny of their inhabitants. Süleymaniye Urban Renewal Project. The Süleymaniye district, which is one of the core sites of the UNESCo World Heritage property, has been subject to a project, called the «Ottoman Neighbourhood in Süley- maniye», developed by the Municipality of Fatih in 2005. An area of 10.2 hectares containing 333 historic buildings was declared as a project area depending on the Law no. 5366 for «the Preservation by Renova- Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 225 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan tion and Utilization by Revitalizing of Deteriorated Immovable Historic and Cultural properties». KIPTAŞ, which is a semi-private enterprise founded by the Metropolitan Municipality mainly for the provision of housing, was charged by the implementation of the project. After acquir- ing the property of more than 200 buildings and plots, this enterprise proceeded to the demolition according to the district renewal plan. The project consisted in the construction of a neighbourhood of more than 400 modern buildings in reinforced concrete. These buildings were to be replicas of old houses «in harmony and respect for the neighbourhood» and «the original street morphology [would] be maintained» (UNESCo World Heritage Committee 2009: 44). The UNESCO Mission Report of 2006 recommended a comprehensive revision of this renewal project with a new focus on the conservation of existing buildings of heritage value, rather than on new construction and development (UNESCo World Heritage Committee 2008: 16). Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality applied to the Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency for financial support, not for the implementation of this renewal plan, but for the restoration of the enlisted houses in Süleyman- iye. The Agency returned these projects by referring to the UNESCo Mission Reports, as no revision was made in the original plan by the Municipality. Yet, it supported financially the individual implementa- tions of restoration made by KUDEB in the area and its vicinity (e.g. in Zeyrek). Hatice Sultan and Neslişah Neighbourhoods (Sulukule) Urban Renewal Project. Another controversial project of the Fatih Municipality is the urban renewal project that covers the entire neighbourhoods of Hatice Sultan and Neslişah (known as the Sulukule district) where Gypsies lived for centuries. The urban renewal project imposed the displacement of the local people from their homes and places where they worked, through compulsory purchase arrangements. A new «neighbourhood of Ottoman style» has been projected to replace the old neighbour- hoods, qualified as a derelict area. The residents of Sulukule resisted against relocation and the demolition of their houses and workplaces by getting organised with the help of the civil society through public manifestations (Fig. 2). Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 226 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city Fig. 2 Protest of the local residents and associations against relocation and the demolition of Sulukule (Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency, photograph by Najla Oserian, 8 April 2009). The Istanbul 2010 ECoC organisation proposed to collaborate with the Fatih Municipality in order to turn the urban renewal projects into exemplary practices by undertaking them «democratically and without forcefully relocating people» (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency 2007: 20). It was mentioned, in the same report, that two associations, the Sulukule Platform and the Sulukule Romany Mutual Support were created by the civil society in order to defend the inhabitants' rights. The Istanbul 2010 organisation proposed to lead a participatory project together with these associations and with the collaboration of the University College London Planning Unit and PhD students from this university. The primary objective of this project, called «Sulukule 2010», would be «to develop a model to enable local residents to improve their living condi- tions» (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency 2007: 20). Unfortunately, things did not happen as the Istanbul 2010 organi- sation wishfully expected. The Fatih Municipality continued to demol- Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 227 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan ish houses and all other buildings with the exception of a few listed monuments and buildings which remained isolated in the middle of a tabula rasa. The inhabitants of Sulukule were relocated to a newly built desolated housing area – Taşoluk – outside the city, in exchange for their old properties. Many of them are unhappy with their new environment and are trying to sell the apartments allocated to them to move to other places (Sulukule Platform 2009). 3. Urban rehabilitation and regeneration projects directly supported by Istanbul 2010 Agency In spite of such unfortunate implementations where Istanbul 2010 Agency has had neither the power nor the authority to intervene, there are also cases where it could collaborate with the local govern- ment (Fig. 3). Three projects in the scale of neighbourhood rehabilita- tion proposed by the district municipalities to the Agency for financial support have been maintained. The Eminönü Municipality, which was united later with the Municipality of Fatih, applied for two urban reha- bilitation projects: Sirkeci – Hocapaşa Urban Regeneration project and Upper Laleli Urban Street Rehabilitation project. Istanbul 2010 Agency decided to support both projects. In addition to these, a street rehabilita- tion project for the Kadınlar Pazarı area, proposed by the Municipality of Fatih was also supported and put into implementation. Sirkeci – Hocapaşa Urban Regeneration Project. Amongst the rehabilita- tion projects of urban scale, «Sirkeci-Hocapaşa Urban Regeneration and Pedestrianisation Project» has been directly conducted by the Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency. Workshops, site visits and meetings were organised in the first place as part of a creative process to gather ideas about the site. Multiple actors and stakeholders have been involved in the development of the project. The Eminönü Municipal- ity, academicians, civil organizations and associations, local crafts- men, directors of urban transportation projects, the Advisory Group and the Mission Group of the project have been the participants of the Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 228 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city process. The aim of the project has been defined as the rehabilitation of the Sirkeci – Hocapaşa area by «providing a participative, inclusive development perspective instead of a single-acting, physical model- ling approach»(İstanbul 2010 ECOC Agency, Urban Implementations Directory, interview with D. Ayman, 2009). A multi-acting modelling approach has been introduced with this project as a model that ena- bles to discuss the dimension of the projects in a broader perspective and participation. It is to note that the 2010 Agency has suggested the same approach for the Süleymaniye Urban Regeneration Project, UNESCo WHL core site. Objectives of the Sirkeci-Hocapaşa project are defined as the «rede- velopment of multi-use pedestrian and public areas», «rediscovering and preserving cultural heritage», «preparing conceptual projects and design manuals» under the joint supervision of Yıldız Teknik Univer- sity and Siegen University (Haznedar et al. 2009) (Fig. 4). Upper Laleli Area Street Rehabilitation Project. The Upper Laleli Area Street Rehabilitation project was proposed by the Municipality of Eminönü, which was merged later with the Municipality of Fatih. The upper Laleli area that extends on an area approximately of 20 hectares from Divanyolu to the Şehzadebaşı Street is a neighbourhood where hotels are concentrated. Hence the rehabilitation of the public spaces, i.e. the streets and the refurbishment of building façades, will contrib- ute to the betterment of tourism facilities within the historic centre of the city. The project is based on a traffic study oriented toward the arrangement of certain streets for pedestrian use. Street pavements, lighting and other street furniture have been studied in detail in this project (Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency, Urban Projects Coordination Directory, Notes on the projects, 2009). Being different from the previous project, it was followed by a conventional project development process (Fig. 5). In addition to these, there are other projects of urban conserva- tion in which Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency is directly involved. Among these, two significant archaeological conservation projects in the historic peninsula are the Roman-Byzantine City Walls and the ancient port in Yenikapı. Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 229 Fig. 3 Urban rehabilitation projects supported/directed by Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency and the areas subjected to urban renewal by the district municipality (map prepared by Tümay Arıcan). Fig. 4 Sirkeci-Hocapaşa Rehabilitation Project by TEB Mimarlık: general approaches to the site (Istanbul 2010 ECOC, Urban Implementations Directory and Haznedar, F.T. et al., 2009: 26). Fig. 5 - Upper Laleli Rehabilitation Project (Istanbul 2010 ECOC, Urban Projects and Coordination Directory, 2008-09). Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city Theodosian Land Walls. Theodosian Walls of Istanbul constitute the oldest city walls of this length in the world, which survived until the present day. The Land Walls are among the core sites of the UNESCo World Heritage List (Fig. 6). They have suffered, however, from unqualified restoration works that damaged their historic value and also from the construction of motorways, railways and other interventions as well as from natural decay. UNESCO World Heritage Committee, in the moni- toring reports, warned the local authorities about the «poor quality repairs» and «excessive» reconstruction and indicated the necessity of preparing a «conservation action plan» for the entire circuit of the city walls, including the Theodosian Land Walls, the buffer zone of protec- tion and the Sea Walls. The Metropolitan Municipality of Istanbul has recently under- taken the preparation of a Management Plan for a special section of the Theodosian Land Walls. Simultaneously, the Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency has been conducting activities focusing on the possible plan- ning approaches to this site. Korhan Gümüş, the coordinator of Urban Implementations Directorate of the Agency stresses that «the project developed by the Istanbul 2010 Agency for the Theodosian Land Walls aims at creating a platform of knowledge with multiple stakeholders» (Gümüş 2009b: 53). Fig. 6 One of the World Heritage List core sites: The Theodosian Land Walls (Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency 2009). Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 233 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan The objective is to support the conservation management functions and participatory projects that the Metropolitan Municipality of Istan- bul has been conducting under the supervision of the UNESCo World Heritage Committee. Istanbul 2010 Agency has declared its willingness to conduct the process for obtaining an action plan for the Land Walls with a «knowledge-oriented conservation implementation» (Gümüş 2009b: 53). Hence, the Agency proposes to establish a «subject-based management» that provides the communication of all the related insti- tutions and stakeholders. It is to note, however, that Istanbul Metropoli- tan Municipality directed the project development process without the Agency's involvement until recently. The Agency has organised work- shops with the participation of universities, schools of architecture and other institutions from Istanbul and abroad. The process of developing a participatory project in which different stakeholders will take part to prepare an inventory of the past and present projects, academic studies, which will provide a knowhow for the coming projects and the action plan that is being undertaken in the short-term. Yenikapı Urban Redevelopment Project and Transportation Transfer Node. Large-scale projects of transportation infrastructure have been under construction in the last decade in Istanbul. The subway, the first part of which was opened from Taksim toward the newly formed financial centre, will soon be connected to the historic centre of the city, crossing the Golden Horn by a bridge and ending at Yenikapı (UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2008: 29 and 2009: 6). A much more pretentious project is the Marmaray project which will connect Europe to Asia with a railway tunnel under the Bosphorus between Sarayburnu (the tip of the historic peninsula) and Üsküdar. The railway lines go into the tunnel at Yenikapı where they meet the Taksim- Yenikapı subway. These two major public transportation lines will cross one another at the transfer station of Yenikapı. As anyone who knows the historic topography of Istanbul could expect, the archaeological rem- nants of the Roman-Byzantine port were found immediately after the excavations for the Yenikapı transfer station and the tunnel of Marma- ray were started. The construction works were stopped by the decision of the Conservation Council and the archaeological excavations started Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 234 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city (UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2008: 29-30). The construction of both the tunnel and the transportation transfer station will begin as soon as the archaeological works come to an end. However, it is certain that the project cannot be that of a simple transfer station anymore. It also concerns the conservation and display of the archaeological site and redeveloping a void created within the urban fabric. The port of Theodosius, the largest Roman port that has been brought to light by the archaeological excavations conducted by Istan- bul Museum of Archaeology since 2004, embodies invaluable findings which illuminate the city's history. Mud carried by the Lycos creek con- served unexpectedly well a good number of organic material including animal bones, textiles and wood. More than 30 Byzantine ships were found in the place where they had sunk. The most unexpected of all was the discovery of a late Neolithic settlement dating back to 6500 BC underneath the port and below sea level, proving that the Marmara Sea was then a lake. A very well documented exhibition was prepared by the Istanbul Museum of Archaeology and Koç Foundation, with a cata- logue publication (Karamani Pekin 2007) (Fig. 7). Fig. 7 Excavations of the Port of Theodosius at Yenikapı (UNESCO World Heritage Committee 2008: 2). Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 235 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan A totally new project management model that relates three differ- ent areas, transportation, cultural heritage and «urban renewal», with one another, will be conducted by the Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency (Gümüş 2009b: 52). It has been decided to transfer the direction of the Yenikapı – Marmaray Transportation Transfer Node Project to the 2010 Agency after long discussions and efforts of the latter. This decision provided the Agency with the opportunity to elaborate an integrated coordination model that will bring together archaeology and architec- ture, engineering and urban development. With this project, Istanbul 2010 Agency will also continue its func- tion after the activities of the European Capital of Culture are over at the end of 2010. The Agency is planning to organise an international archi- tectural competition, in collaboration with the Department of Architec- ture of Bilgi University, a private foundation university in Istanbul. Besides the ones situated in the historic peninsula, 2010 Agency leads other projects of rehabilitation as well. Among these, the reorgani- sation project for the Museum of Topkapı Palace, directed by the Direc- torate of Cultural Heritage and Museums, is of particular significance. 3.1. «One City and Three Worlds»: a museum park within the precinct of the Topkapı Palace The Topkapı Palace Museum is one of the two most visited sites of Istanbul with 2.5 million visitors per year, together with the Museum of Hagia Sophia. However, the museum is insufficient in hosting this number with its existing layout (Fig. 8). A search meeting was organised by the Directorate of Cultural Heritage and Museums of the Agency, to discuss alternative ways of relieving the burden of visitors, better pre- serving the palace and better displaying its architecture with its origi- nal functions. The necessity of conducting a study that covers the entire site enclosed by the precinct of the palace was the conclusion at this meeting held with the participation of specialists and academicians. The idea of preparing a long-term strategic vision plan emerged as a result of this process as well (http://www.en.istanbul2010.org/PROJE/ GP_533963). Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 236 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city Fig. 8 The Topkapı Palace: «One City and Three Worlds» - The Ottoman World (Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency, photograph by Coşkun Aydın). In this project, the Istanbul 2010 Agency has worked with a British enter- prise for the development of this strategic plan. The general vision of the project is identified with the motto «One City and Three Worlds». It aims at creating «a world-class park» that will consist of three museums representing three worlds or three eras: the Ottoman (in the Topkapı Palace, the Mint, the gardens of the palace), the Byzantine (in the Church of Hagia Irene) and the Classical World (in the Archaeology Museum). The buildings and the gardens within the precinct of the palace will be conserved and revitalized as part of this museums project. The project is presented as the first step of the Site Management Plan for the Historic Peninsula required by the UNESCo World Herit- age Committee, in the report of the related directorate of the Agency. yet, the main decisions of the Strategic Vision Study for the precinct of Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 237 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan the Topkapı Palace need to be re-evaluated with regard to its impacts on the whole historic peninsula. The concentration of three important museums in this sector which is already overloaded – because of the presence of the Museum of Hagia Sophia, Sultanahmet Mosque (the Blue Mosque) besides the Topkapı Palace – will result in creating a tour- ist city within the city, while depriving the rest of the historic districts of the benefits of the tourism activity. A traffic plan of the whole his- toric city has to be developed in consideration with the nodes of tourist attraction – especially the new concentration of museums in Topkapı Palace – and the necessity of providing sufficient parking areas for tour- ist buses. 4. Conclusion As Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture is a process in the making, it might be too early to evaluate the success of both the project and its consequences. The present article aims at presenting the policies and implementations of the ECoC project with regard to the cultural heritage of the city in general, and the World Heritage sites inscribed by UNESCo in particular. Publicising Istanbul with its multi-cultural heritage and hence contributing to the conservation and regeneration of its historic sites has been part and parcel of the project from the very beginning. Started as a civil initiative, the Istanbul 2010 ECoC organisation is based on a participatory governance model, which has brought the rep- resentatives of NGos, the public and private sectors together. Accord- ingly, Istanbul 2010 has been presented as a social urban transformation project aiming at reinforcing the sense of citizenship among the inhabit- ants of the city. In this perspective, the Istanbul 2010 Agency, has defined its role as a coordinating / mediating organisation that brings different stakeholders together on the basis of a participatory, multi-acting model. It has been also engaged in playing this role in the urban conservation and rehabilitation projects, including the core sites of the World Herit- age List. The Agency has proposed to act as a mediator between the Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 238 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city UNESCO World Heritage Committee and the local governments in a number of urban projects, some of which being highly controversial. It intended to turn these into exemplary «urban regeneration» imple- mentations by introducing participatory project development methods. However, as a semi-official organisation, it could not have much stake in these projects – in Sulukule and Süleymaniye in particular, to which it clearly declared its opposition. Nevertheless, it has been successful in a number of other urban rehabilitation projects, as in the case of Sirkeci- Hocapaşa, relevant for the inclusive process of decision-making and planning conducted. The Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency has successfully promoted two other pretentious projects in the city scale. The project of Yenikapı Transportation Transfer Node is being conducted through an integrated coordination model elaborated by the Agency. It is a complex project of urban archaeology, urban development and transportation engineer- ing that brings together multiple stakeholders, and will probably take many years. And finally, the creation of a Museums Quarter within the precinct of the Topkapı Palace is also a long-term project, based on a strategic vision plan. They will certainly have positive impacts on the historic city in the long run. yet, the principal legacy of the Istanbul 2010 ECoC process will hopefully be the adoption of participatory models of governance and project development in which public and private parties and civil organizations could collaborate in the future. 5. References Fatih Belediyesi (n.d.). Fatih Belediyesi Projeleri (Projects of the District Municipal- ity of Fatih), www.fatih.bel.tr, last accessed November 2009. Fener-Balat Semt Rehabilitasyon Projesi (Fener-Balat District Rehabilitation Project) (2006). http://www.fatih.bel.tr/kate_detay.asp?id=66&tur=387, last access 19.02.2010. Haznedar F.T., Haznedar B., Erdönmez M.E., Exner U. and Musa S. (2009). Eminönü Tarihi Yarımada (Sirkeci – Hocapaşa) Yayalaştırma ve Bölge İyileştirme Projesi Raporu (Report of the Eminönü Historic Peninsula Sirkeci-Hocapaşa Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 239 Cânâ Bilsel - Tümay Arıcan Pedestrianisation and Rehabilitation Project), TEB Mimarlık ve İnşaat Ltd. Şti., Unpublished project report. Gümüş K. (2009a). Surlar Kentle Yaşayabilecek mi? (Will the Walls be able to live with the city?), Radikal İki, http://www.mimarlarodasi.org.tr/index.cfm? sayfa=Belge&Sub=detail&RecID=1642, last access 21.04.2009. Gümüş K. (2009b). 2010 Kenti Yenileyebilir mi? (Can 2010 regenerate the city?), Mimarlık 349: 51-53. İstanbul 2010 (n.d.). Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı, Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Uygulamaları Programı (ECOC Implementations Programme), Unpublished report. İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı (n.d.). Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Nedir? İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Süreci (What is European Capital of Culture? The Istanbul 2010 ECOC Process), http://www.istanbul2010.org/ AVRUPAKULTURBASKENTI/avrupakulturbaskentleri/index.htm, last access 19.02.2010. Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency (2007). Istanbul 2010 Report for Monitoring Panel (21.11.2007), Unpublished report. Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency (2008). Press Release PPT Presentation, Istanbul, Dolmabahçe Palace, 04.05.2008. Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency (2009). İstanbul 2010 Avrupa Kültür Başkenti Ajansı «Melina Mercouri Ödülü» nün İlk Sahibi Oldu (Istanbul 2010 ECOC Agency is the first to be awarded with Melina Mercouri Award), Press release (24 June 2009). Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency (2010). Cultural Heritage and Museums Direc- torate, Sur-i Sultani Strategic Vizyon ve Planı (Sur-i Sultani Strategic Vision and Plan), http://www.en.istanbul2010.org/PROJE/GP_533963, last access 19.02.2010. Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency (n.d.). About the Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture Agency, http://www.en.istanbul2010.org/2010AKBAJANSI/ hakkında/index.htm, last access 16.02.2010. Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency Cultural Heritage and Museums Directory (2009). Sur-i Sultani Strategic Vision Report, Metaphor Ltd., Unpublished report. Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency Urban Implementations Directorate (2009). Notes on the projects, Unpublished report. Istanbul 2010 ECoC Agency Urban Projects Coordination Directorate (2009). Notes on the projects, Unpublished report. Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 240 Istanbul 2010 European Capital of Culture: the regeneration of the historic city Karamani Pekin A. (ed.) (2007). Gün Işığında İstanbul'un 8000 Yılı, Marmaray, Metro, Sultanahmet kazıları (8000 Years of Istanbul's History under the day- light, Excavations of Marmaray, Subway and Sultanahmet), Istanbul, Vehbi Koç Vakfı-İstanbul Arkeoloji Müzeleri. Palmer - Rae Associates (2004). European cities and capitals of culture, Study pre- pared for the European Commission, Brussels. Sulukule Platform (2009). Report on the Impact of Sulukule Urban Renewal Project, 25 April 2009. The Monitoring and Advisory Panel for the European Capital of Culture (ECoC 2010) (2007). Report of the First Monitoring and Advisory Meeting for the European Capitals of Culture 2010, December 2007. The Monitoring and Advisory Panel for the European Capital of Culture (ECoC 2010) (2009). Report of the Second Monitoring and Advisory Meeting for the European Capitals of Culture 2010, June 2009. UNESCO World Heritage Committee (2008). Historic Areas of Istanbul (Turkey), Mission Report (Thirty-second session, Quebec, Canada 2-10 July 2008), Paris, June 2008. UNESCO World Heritage Committee (2009). Historic Areas of Istanbul (Turkey), UNESCO Heritage Center - ICOMOS Joint Reactive Monitoring Mission Report (Thirty-third session, Sevilla, Spain 20-30 June 2009), Paris, May 2009. Riassunto L'iniziativa per Istanbul 2010 Capitale Europea della Cultura (ECOC), iniziata come una iniziativa civile, è stata presentata come un progetto di cittadinanza, nonostante il suo fine apparente di aumentare la pubblicità per Istanbul, metropoli multiculturale. In questo quadro uno dei principali obiettivi del progetto è stato quello di mettere in luce il patrimonio culturale della città. L'organizzazione di Istanbul 2010 ECOC è stata as- sunta per realizzare progetti pilota specialmente per i siti storici inclusi nella lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO, promuovendo esperienze di partecipazione urba- na informata e modelli di coordinamento multi azione. Sebbene il processo ECOC non sia stato ancora completato si può dimostrare che l'Agenzia Istanbul 2010 ha raggiunto i suoi obiettivi in un numero di progetti di riabilitazione urbana mentre «i progetti di rinnovo urbano» gestiti dalle municipalità rimangono ancora altamente discutibili. Rivista di Scienze del Turismo – 2/2010 http://www.ledonline.it/Rivista-Scienze-Turismo/ 241


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Last week I moved into a new flat in Melbourne so I'm going to start a little series of home inspiration posts. I've moved a lot in the past 2 years but this is the first time starting from scratch with no furniture or homewares whatsoever as we've just come over to Aus with a couple of suitcases. Our shipping boxes are currently floating somewhere around Taiwin! We plan to build up furniture slowly and do some DIY so I'll share a bit on here as we go.
I'm excited to create a lovely new workspace to blog and design from, so I've put together some inspo. There are two things which I think a workspace should be: creative and organised.
* I love the idea of using these little modules instead of shelves to display little trinkets whilst keeping your desk clear. I would obviously fill them with cacti.
*A few prints and postcards on the wall stuck up with washi tape means they can be swapped around easily depending on your mood.
* I use lots of trays and plates to organise mess. I gather pencil pots on a patterned plate, and this marble tray could be used to hold paperclips/trinkets/rubbers etc
* Introduce some greenery to keep it looking fresh. Cacti/ succulents are pretty foolproof and I recommend painting them like this.
* I have Le Paper Bag to use as a waste paper bin as it's as pretty as a bin's gonna get. This would also make a good alternative for a mini paper bin.
* Get yourself a beautiful calendar with pages worth keeping, and then you can frame them next year. I got myself a Kikki K calendar this week and I'm pretty much in love. Now is the time to buy 2015 ones as they're all on sale.


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About MeI am a London based Photographer and I love to shoot new faces!Available for shooting weddings, head-shots, portfolios, look-books, campaigns, magazine submissions, etc. Please PM me for more information. X Ashley Friends |


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Last Call For Submissions
The late deadline for EIFF 2012 submissions is Monday 13th February, or Monday 20th February with Withoutabox.
We have had thousands of submissions from all over the world for EIFF 2012 so far and now there are only three days left to submit your film. Whether it is animation, shorts, features, docs or anything and everything inbetween, your film can be part of the 66th Edinburgh International Film Festival. This is your chance to get your work seen by thousands of people including industry professionals from around the globe. You have until Monday 13th February to submit your film, or until Monday 20th February if you submit through Withoutabox. Check out our submissions pages for all the details on how to submit.
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Family Medicine
19706 State Line Rd
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Current Job Openings
Contact Information
Lorrie Velasquez
Human Resources Director
Trinidad Campus
1-(800) 621-8752, ext. 5534
or (719) 846-5534
Rachael Doyle
Human Resources Director
Valley Campus
1-(800) 621-8752, ext. 7022
or (719) 589-7022
Notice of Non-Discrimination
Trinidad State Junior College is an equal opportunity educational institution and does not discriminate on the basis of age, race, religion, color, national origin, sex, or disability in its activities, programs, or employment practices as required by Title VI, Title IX, and Section 504, Age Discrimination Act, and Title II of the ADA. The College has designated the Director of Human Resources as its Affirmative Action Officer with the responsibility to coordinate its civil rights compliance activities and grievance procedures. For information, contact the Director of Human Resources, 600 Prospect Street, Trinidad, CO, 81082, (719) 846-5534; or the Office for Civil Rights, U.S. Department of Education, Region VIII, Federal Office Building, 1244 North Speer Blvd., Suite 310, Denver, CO, 80204, (303) 844-2981, TDD (303) 844-3417.
Employment Listings
Math Faculty - Valley Campus
Trinidad State Junior College is seeking applicants for the position of Associate Professor of Mathematics for its Valley Campus in Alamosa, Colorado. We are seeking an enthusiastic and dedicated instructor who exhibits a high degree of professionalism, a strong commitment to our students, and demonstrates the ability to motivate and educate in an engaging manner. This individual is responsible for instruction in assigned classes according to established curriculum in both developmental and college level Mathematics. Trinidad State Junior College is a two-year community college within the Colorado Community College System. This position is a full-time 9-month faculty position starting in August, 2015. Learn more about this employment opportunity (pdf)
Director of Library Services
Trinidad State Junior College seeks a Director of Library Services for Trinidad State Junior College (TSJC) for its Trinidad and Valley campuses. The position is primarily responsible to provide innovative technology, unrestricted access to information, and the instructional resources necessary to enlighten and empower Trinidad State Junior College's students, staff, and community to achieve their educational, professional, and personal goals. The Library serves both in-person and online learners at the Trinidad and Valley campuses.
The Director of Library Services provides leadership, direction and coordination of all library services and resources. Managing student personnel, this person leads efforts towards a learning commons model with an emphasis on digital resources and emerging technologies. This person is responsible for overseeing library services, coordinating strategic planning and assessment, hiring library hourly and work study staff and managing the library budget while sustaining a service-orientated and innovative library to support teaching and learning. The continued growth and development of essential library services on both campuses will be a priority. Learn more about this employment opportunity (pdf)
Adjunct Biology Instructor
Trinidad State Junior College is seeking an adjunct Biology instructor for its Valley Campus. Must have MA and at least 18 graduate hours of biology related coursework. For more information contact the Associate Dean of Arts & Sciences at . Review of applications is ongoing.
Trinidad State Junior College is seeking part-time, temporary instructors for English (evening), Physics and Astronomy classes.
TSJC is also seeking instructors for Math, Music, Humanities, History, Psychology and Chemistry courses for its Trinidad campus. Master's Degree required and relevant experience preferred. For more information contact Associate Dean of Arts & Sciences at or Dean of Arts & Sciences at .
Review of applications is ongoing.
TSJC is an equal opportunity institution.
Trinidad State Junior College is seeking models for figure drawing on its Trinidad campus. For more information contact Vilas Tonape via email at .
Notice To All Applicants
Former employees of the Colorado Community College system or one of its 13 colleges, who were disciplinarily terminated or resigned in lieu of termination, must disclose this information on your application/within your application materials. All materials submitted become the property of Trinidad State Junior College and will not be returned. The State of Colorado must comply with the Immigration Reform and Control Act/1986. If hired, you will be required to provide documents to show your identity and authorization to work. This law applies to all persons hired. Colorado fiscal rules require all new employees to be on direct deposit.
Trinidad State Occupational Experience Requirements (pdf)
About Trinidad State Junior College
Trinidad State Junior College, located in Trinidad, Colorado, is a state-supported, two-year institution of higher education. The College was established by an act of the State Legislature in 1925, and is the oldest public two-year college in the State of Colorado. The College's Service Area includes eight rural counties characterized by low population density and small communities. One campus is located in Trinidad and is a residential campus while the other, located in Alamosa, is a commuter campus. Both campuses serve distinct populations. As a comprehensive Community College, Trinidad State Junior College not only offers ongoing transfer Associate of Arts Degree and Associate of Applied Science (vocational) Degree programs, but also has developed and implemented numerous successful short-term vocational certificate programs, and totally inclusive adult education and developmental programs.
For information regarding Trinidad State Junior College Security, including crime statistics for the Trinidad and Alamosa campus and surrounding area, please see the Trinidad State Junior College Campus Security website at: http://www.trinidadstate.edu/about-tsjc/general-information/campus-security - For a hard copy report please contact 719-846-5618
The Valley Campus
The Trinidad State Junior College Valley Campus is located in the San Luis Valley, which consists of six counties: Alamosa, Conejos, Costilla, Mineral, Rio Grande, and Saguache. Located in a broad, mostly flat valley, as much as 100 miles long and 75 miles wide, with an elevation of 7,500 feet at the Valley floor, the region is rimmed by high mountains to the north, east, and west, with elevations up to 14,345 feet. The Rio Grande River rises in the western part of the region and flows south into New Mexico. The region has an area of 8,180 square miles and a population of approximately forty thousand people. Major communities in the Valley include Alamosa, Monte Vista, Del Norte, Center, Antonito, Manassa, San Luis, La Jara, Sanford, Creede, and Saguache.
Trinidad State Mission Statement
Trinidad State's mission is to enrich the lives of our diverse communities by providing quality educational experiences and promoting lifelong learning.


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Image credit.
Not the best sound quality, but still highly enjoyable.
Sonata for violoncello and piano in f-major, op. 6, by Richard Strauss:
"The idea of wind chill indicates how cold it feels on the skin's surface as opposed to the actual temperature," explains Steve Cleaton, forecaster for BBC Weather. "Wind chill relates to a combination of three things - wind speed, moisture content or humidity and the air temperature. Conditions feel coldest on your skin when they are particularly windy and dry. This is because the moisture on our skin evaporates readily in dry air compared to moist air, causing evaporative cooling on the surface of the body. Our bodies work harder to maintain its core temperature, leading us to feel colder."
The source.
More on evaporative cooling and calculating wind chill.
Lovely glimpses, and a fine tune that took me twice to listen to before I suddenly liked it -- very much.
The phrase used in German to wish
A Happy New Year
Einen guten Rutsch (engl. pronounciation: rootch) und ein Frohes Neues Jahr.
The last part is unsurprsising--it literally means a Happy New Year, but what about the
guten Rutsch?
I have always taken it for granted that "ein guter Rutsch" refers to sliding ("rutschen"), as on snow and ice, into the new year - so what it seems to mean is "have a good slide into the new year.
But now I am being told that rosch is a Hebrew term meaning beginning or head. German jews used to wish each other "einen guten Rosch" - a good start into the new year, while those illiterate in Hebrew took the suggestive sound over into their language as a jolly way of wishing their fellows a Happy New Year.
Be that as it may, to all readers and particpants of RedStateEcletic
felix sit annus novus,
šťastný nový rok
bonne année
Καλή Χρονιά
nav varsh ki subhkamna
felice anno nuovo
あけまして おめでとう ございます
godt nytår
gelukkig nieuwjaar
e gudd neit Joër
szczęśliwego nowego roku
С Новым Годом
es guets Nöis
feliz año nuevo
yeni yılınız kutlu olsun
Щасливого Нового Року
ene boune anéye
unyaka omusha omuhle
And here you can find out which languages these greetings belong to.
Happy New Year 2014 and Goodbye to Anger ...
1. Probability
"Probable", "probably", "probability", "likely", "likelihood" - we use these terms all the time. But what exactly do we mean by them?
Personally, I agree with this position:
What is probability? Is it a property of a thing (e.g., a coin), a property of an event involving a thing (e.g., a toss of the coin), or a description of the average outcome of a large number of such events (e.g., "heads" and "tails" will come up about the same number of times)? I take the third view.
What does it mean to say, for example, that there's a probability of 0.5 (50 percent) that a tossed coin will come up "heads" (H), and a probability of 0.5 that it will come up "tails" (T)? Does such a statement have any bearing on the outcome of a single toss of a coin? No, it doesn't. The statement is only a short way of saying that in a sufficiently large number of tosses, approximately half will come up H and half will come up T. The result of each toss, however, is a random event — it has no probability.
That is the standard, frequentist interpretation of probability, to which I subscribe.
In the ado of humankind, false concepts and the facile use of probability notions are of considerable currency. But why? Apparently, we have evolved to be good at ignoring uncertainty - in clever and viable ways. Innumerable cases show, our species manages to come up with reasonable solutions to the challenges of life even when information is too scarce to give us certainty. We make heroic assumptions to find orientation in a world that is too complex, detailed, and too arcane and concealed to ever be approached with complete certainty of its facts and nature. Yet, we survive, and even accomplish considerable progress. By systematically faking certainty. How do we do it?
2. Heuristics
In psychology, uncertainty was made famous by the work of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky. In their 1982 collection of research, "Judgments under Uncertainty," the psychologists explained that when you don't have enough information to make a clear judgment, or when you are making a decision concerning something too complex to fully grasp, instead of backing off and admitting your ignorance, you tend to instead push forward with confidence. The stasis of uncertainty never slows you down because human brains come equipped with anti-uncertainty mechanisms called heuristics.
In their original research they described how, while driving in a literal fog, it becomes difficult to judge the distance between your car and the other cars on the road. Landmarks, especially those deep in the mists, become more hazardous because they seem farther away than they actually are. This, they wrote, is because for your whole life you've noticed that things that are very far away appear a bit blurrier than things that are near. A lifetime of dealing with distance has reinforced a simple rule in your head: the closer an object the greater its clarity. This blurriness heuristic is almost always true, except underwater or on a foggy morning or on an especially clear day when it becomes incorrect in the other direction causing objects that are far away to seem much closer than normal.
Thus, with good grounds ...
Gerd Gigerenzer is a strong advocate of the idea that simple heuristics can make us smart. We don't need complex models of the world to make good decisions.
The classic example is the gaze heuristic. Rather than solving a complex equation to catch a ball, which requires us to know the ball's speed and trajectory and the effect of the wind, a catcher can simply run to keep the ball at a constant angle in the air, leading them to the point where it will land.
So, then we may conclude ...
That's what a [psychological] heuristic is, a simple rule that in the currency of mental processes trades accuracy for speed. A heuristic can lead to a bias, and your biases, though often correct and harmless, can be dangerous when in error, resulting in a wide variety of bad outcomes from foggy morning car crashes to unconscious prejudices in job interviews.
Part of our disposition to being biased in order to cope with uncertainty is what is called the halo effect whereby one transfers the (strongly felt, though potentially non-existent) authority of one data set to another data set, whose stand-alone authority is doubtful or unclear, as when a very negative personal experience with a redheaded person leads one to generalise the supposedly evil character of read-haired people - read more here.
I am interested in finding out more about the way in which this kind of heuristics colours our political perceptions and comportment. If it plays such an ubiquitous and important role in everyday life, it is likely to be of considerable weight regarding our political behaviour. These deliberations may be a first small step toward an anthropology of politics and freedom.
Concerning the role of politics in coping with unavoidable ignorance and uncertainty, see also my three-part piece on Why It Is Not True That Politics Makes Us Worse (1/3) - Thirteen Conjectures on Politics (1/3) and Rivers Working Like Politics - On Chaos, Complexity and Intermediary Conditions.
Getting pulled over by the police is never a pleasant surprise, but this holiday season the police department in Lowell, Massachusetts decided to change that. A police officer was pulling over unsuspecting victims for minor traffic violations, and then would casually ask them what they or their kids wanted for Christmas. Meanwhile, he would secretly tell his team of "magic elves" that were hiding out at a nearby store and they would buy those gifts and run them over to him. The police officers felt it was important to take the time to show their citizens just how much they care, and you can see in the citizen's faces just how much it made their day.
See also Natale a Bolzano.
Enjoy music composed by one of Johann Sebastian Bach's six sons - Johann Christian Friedrich Bach.
Four of his sons were composers themselves:
The portrait displayed in the above video erroneously depicts Wilhelm Friedemann.
... I still have to clean up the kitchen.
She: "C'mon, darling, say something dirty."
He: "Kitchen."
"Eins kommt zum Anderen" (literally "one comes to the other") - is a phrase suggesting (in the below context) that one bad thing is leading to another bad thing, as might happen when your boss gives you a dressing-down, which, in turn, puts you in a foul mood, so you say something stupid to your wife, who gets angry with you ...
The gentleman, Jürgen Klopp, is the coach of Germany's (normally at least) second best soccer team: Borussia Dortmund.
While performing brilliantly and dominating its qualifying group in the prestigious and highly lucrative European Champion's League, Borussia is miraculously unsuccessful in Germany's top soccer league: the Bundesliga. After a series of consecutive defeats, Borussia is now under enormous pressure in the national competition, when at the same time playing the best teams of Europe (like Arsenal London, tonight) still seems to Borussia like a walk in the park.
I like how "Kloppo" retains his sense of humour, laughing about himself as he realises his English is not getting him where he wants it to take him.
Later in the clip, "Kloppo" comments on Arsenal's last match in the English Premier League, when "the Gunners" were clearly better than Manchester United, yet lost 1:2 at the end of the day. While not occupying a relegation position in the national league, as Borussia Dortmund bizarrely does, Arsenal is not doing well in the English league either. However, advises "Kloppo", Arsenal are "strong, if you let zemm be strong [... so, not to let them be strong ...] zatt is our chopp:"
By the way, playing rather badly, Dortmund lost 0:2 to a consistently superior Arsenal.
As an afterthought concerning Thanksgiving: in the below video, we are witnessing a series of "mouth fouls" (playing the ball with your mouth/beak), and I am not even sure that there is a rule prohibiting the use of your mouth in soccer. So, is carrying the ball with your teeth/beak a special case of a header? A Texas Turkey header?
See also Massacre at Malo Horizonte, and Sporting Kansas City ...


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Having booked 6 months in advance and confirmed our arrival date/time a week before, when we arrived at the B&B I was told our reservation was for the following day. I had a copy of our confirmation email confirming the correct (current) date of arrival. We were given the last room in the house, (with a shared bathroom). Unfortunately there were not enough parking permits for us so we had to park at least 6 blocks away (a good 20min walk) at a cost of $30. How can they not have enough parking permits for one per bedroom?
The room was nice, the shared bathroom not really an issue and the aircon was quiet. It is in a good location, but the parking issue is just ridiculous. Don't have a car, it would be easier.
The breakfast was lovely and the staff well mannered, although there was no explanation of what was for breakfast, it just arrived.
The pool area is lovely and the hotel is in a good position, but I think I would chose to stay somewhere else if I was returning to South Beach
- Official Description (provided by the hotel):
- In the heart of South Beach lies a peaceful, private and intimate oasis with luxurious poolside rooms. VIP Service and amenities. Beautiful sunny beaches, gyms, golf, tennis, stylish shops and exciting outdoor restaurants are all within walking distance. ... more less
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Expedia, Booking.com, Hotels.com, Priceline, Despegar.com, Travelocity, Odigeo and Tingo so you can book your Sobe You Bed and Breakfast reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Sobeyou Hotel Miami Beach
- Sobeyou Bed And Breakfast


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Keanu Reeves
The actor, whose new movie, John Wick, is at No 2 in the US, reveals that he hoped to win the parts of two nocturnal superheroes – Batman and Wolverine – but was unsuccessful
Alex Winter confirms long-awaited third instalment in franchise will be populated by many versions of the characters played by he and Keanu Reeves
Fantastic Fest specializes in extremes and this year is no exception, with programming ranging from Norwegian psychological horror to a documentary about slime moulds
He began the 90s with Bill and Ted's silliness and ended them with The Matrix's existential angst, but in between came Keanu Reeves's greatest role as Jack Traven, a taciturn, tough-guy cop who oozed charisma. Just getting the job done never looked so cool, writes Alex Hess
This travesty of Japanese history even shoves in a period-inappropriate wedding dress. It's a pompous, witless mash-up of western orientalist fantasies, writes Alex von Tunzelmann
Star of Only God Forgives is proving himself a contemplative actor who is not afraid to take risks behind the camera
Who would have predicted that a goofy time-travel movie would still be celebrated 25 years after its release? Hadley Freeman was 12 when Bill & Ted's Excellent Adventure came out – and she's loved it ever since
Ben Child: Designer releases most excellent Keanu Reeves figure based on internet meme of actor looking blue
Five things the team behind the Point Break remake absolutely shouldn't change
Jeremy Kay: The middle chunk of Peter Jackson's Hobbit trilogy is sitting pretty, Scorsese's Wolf of Wall Street struggles and Hollywood hopes to break its 2012 record
Samurai film based on Japanese national myth cost $175m to make, but takes just $13m globally over Christmas period
This VFX-heavy take on the Japanese legend of self-sacrifice goes all in for a bit of eastern mystery, but just feels bland and plodding, writes Mike McCahill
Fighting, dying, hoping, hating … great sports films are about far more than sport itself. Here the Guardian and Observer critics pick their 10 best
A long time ago, in a land far away... there were no space movies. Luckily, we have lots and the Guardian and Observer's critics have picked the 10 best
Toronto prides itself on being the people's festival. But who are the people? And what do they think about it? Chris Michael delves into the madness to find out
Keanu Reeves is reinventing himself again, this time as an slightly angry and intermittently unkempt samurai in this spectacular-looking fantasy romp
WikiLeaks drama kicks off a huge slate of major world premieres, including August: Osage County, Twelve Years a Slave, Mandela: A Long Walk to Freedom and new films for Brits such as Kate Winslet, Keira Knightley, Ralph Fiennes and Richard Ayoade, as well as the late James Gandolfini
James Franco's As I Lay Dying, Keanu Reeves' Man of Tai Chi, and Guillaume Canet's Blood Ties were the day's big talking-points; here are the pictures to prove it
Stuart Heritage: Keanu's directorial debut is basically Mortal Kombat with a pimped-out shed – and shadow puppetry
Keanu Reeves presents an intelligent documentary looking at the impact of digital film-making, writes Philip French


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Nose: Clover honey and oatcakes are chased by juicy tropical fruits and a whiff of peat smoke.
Palate: The mouth-feel is oily with notes of vanilla and cereals then there is a gentle burst of peat that pulls all the flavours together.
Finish: The finish is reasonable with notes of grist and soft peat.
Overall: A light whisky with enough peat to provide a little body.
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Pronunciation: doppi vetri
Pronunciation in Italian [it]
- Pronunciation by IlMostro (Female from Italy)
- Could you do it better? different accent? Pronounce doppi vetri in Italian
Accents & languages on maps
- Random word: infarto
by Yandex Translate English translation:
doppi vetri = double glazing
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Created using this Craftsy Indie Pattern
Free iPad Mini or Kindle eReader stand »
by Gaila Designs
Other projects made by patzpix4u969548:
See All Projects by patzpix4u969548 »Offer some kudos...
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Here are some details about my project: | |
Category | Sewing |
Sizing | Unisex |
Style | Whimsical, Casual |
What materials did you use? Cotton fabric, notebook binder cut to size, wooden dowel or pencil cut to size
What are you most proud of? I also made a carry case to transport the tablet safely. No pattern - I just measured and winged it.


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Dr. Bruce LaSker specializes in obstetrics & gynecology in Bluefield, West Virginia.
Dr. Bruce LaSker has been compared 177 times. Details of Dr. LaSker's 44 years experience as an MD, his hospital affiliation and education at University of Tennessee are available on your free doctor report.
Primary Location for Dr. LaSker
510 Cherry St
Suite 102
Bluefield, WV 24701
Ratings and Reviews for Dr. Bruce LaSker
Board Certification, Specialty and Expertise
Dr. Bruce LaSker has been identified as specializing in Obstetrics & Gynecology.
He is certified in Obstetrics & Gynecology.
Hospital Affiliation
A hospital affiliation covers any doctor who has an affiliation, association or admitting privilege with a hospital. A doctor's particular affiliation to a specific hospital can translate to the overall quality of that provider.
Dr. LaSker is affiliated with 1 hospital:
500 Cherry St
Bluefield, WV 24701
Dr. LaSker attended medical school at University of Tennessee College of Medicine and graduated in 1971 having 44 years experience.
While there is no proven correlation between the quality of one's educational institution and the quality of one's professional competence, it is often an indicator. Medical schools have various levels of selectivity (some are harder to get into than others), and both the quality of their clinical training and level of research are measured. Additional medical training in both residency and fellowships and the facilities they are conducted at also provide a history of the doctors' level of training and experience.
Patients may also know Dr. Bruce LaSker MD as:
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Obstetrics & Gynecology488 Cherry St, Suite 2 Bluefield, WV 24701
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Oxford Micro Clock / Temperature Gauge for Motorcycles
Tiny, all-weather clock/thermometer for handlebar or cockpit mounting. Includes ice alert and Velcro adhesive! Learn More$29.95 -
Oxford Handlebar Muffs for Motorcycles
These hand covers mount to your handlebars to keep your hands warm & dry even in the coldest riding weather! A pouch on the inside allows you to add Oxford Electric Hothands for added warmth! Learn More$49.95 -
Oxford Bungee Net 17" X 17"
This cargo net is a strong elasticized bungee net with 6 nylon coated hardened steel hooks. An indispensable accessory for transporting awkward items!
Dimensions:17" x 17" square
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Barkbusters JET Handguards for 7/8" handlebars
The new JET handguard offers full protection at a great price. JET handguards are compatible with all bike styles from enduro to adventure to street. Learn More$99.99 -
SW-MOTECH Universal GPS Mount Kit
The SW-MOTECH Universal GPS Kit allows for a variety of installation options without additional accessories, and includes a medium splash-proof NAVi bag to protect your GPS from the elements. Learn More$79.99 -
Barkbusters VPS Handguards for Tapered Handlebars
Versatile full-wrap handguards that blend tough obstacle protection with moderate weather coverage. Learn More$132.99 -
SW-MOTECH Bags-Connection Slipstream Tail Bag
The Slipstream is a small, compact, 13-liter tail bag suitable for day trips. Fits the passenger seat of most bikes. Includes integrated backpack straps and bungee net.
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SW-MOTECH Steel Toprack to fit TraX ALU-BOX, Givi & Other Topcases for Suzuki DRZ400S, DRZ400SM & DRZ400
SW-Motech's highly functional and elegant toprack features a strong, integrated, lightweight steel design. The smart, multi-functional design accepts many brands of topcases including Coocase, TraX ALU-BOX, Pelican and GIVI (Monolock or Monokey).
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R&G Waterproof Motorcycle Cover for Supersport and Naked Bikes - Black
Fits most sport and naked bikes without hard sidecases or topcases. Waterproof outdoor protection with anti-theft features and paint protection built in. Learn More$79.99 -
R&G Rear Axle Sliders / Protectors for Triumph Tiger 1200 Explorer '12-'14 & 1200 Trophy '13-'14
R&G Rear Axle Sliders / Protectors are designed to protect the axle and swing arm in the event of a crash. This Swingarm Protector kit is suitable for the Triumph Tiger 1200 Explorer '12-'14 & 1200 Trophy '13-'14 models. Learn More$59.99


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24/7 Customer Support
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Out of Stock — Usually ships within 5 - 6 days
11 Questions & Answers
Genuine Whirlpool part. Whirlpool brands include Whirlpool, Maytag, KitchenAid, Jenn-Air, Amana, Magic Chef, Admiral, Norge, Roper, and others. See all items in Refrigerator Touch Pad. Whirlpool also makes various appliance models for Sears / Kenmore.
Check your model number or use our Cross Reference Tool to determine if this part will work with your appliance.
Where can I find my model number?
More Product Images
Part Number 8201527 (AP3177963) replaces 2216921, 2220513, 2252115, 3193461, 8201527R, 949546, AH734603, EA734603, PS734603.
Read all 11 Questions
Get R Done for Model Number 106.53569201
Answer Hello. Test for power to the diffuser 2216112. If there is power there, and the unit does not open, replace the diffuser. If there is no power there, replace the control board. You can test this with a multi-meter TJMA-DMT3. Here is a link on how to use a multi-meter. http://forum.appliancepartspros.com/oven-repair-including-ranges-cooktops/4810-how-check-continuity-ohmmeter.html
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David Tullis for Model Number 10654203300
Answer David, With the issue that you are experiencing you can test the thermistors with a multi-meter, which is the best way to do it, and at room temperature the resistance should be 5K ohms. If the thermistors check ok then the issue would be in the control board 8201528.
Calvin for Model Number 10652254100
Answer Hello Calvin. If the coils are clean and the fan motor is running, it could be the thermistor. You will want to check the thermistors of the unit as this may be a bad thermistor 2188819. You can test the thermistors by removing from unit and letting them warm to room temp. At 77 degrees the resistance should be 2.7K ohms. If the thermistors are not reading the proper resistance then they are defective. If the thermistors check ok then the control 8201527 is faulty and would need to be replaced. You can test this with a multi-meter TJMA-DMT3. Here is a link on how to use a multi-meter. http://forum.appliancepartspros.com/oven-repair-including-ranges-cooktops/4810-how-check-continuity-ohmmeter.html
Marlo C for Model Number 106.53552201
Answer Marlo, When installing the new control board, if the unit was not cold then it can take 24 hours to get to temp. You will want to check to make sure that the evaporator coils are not getting impacted with ice. If this happens then you will want to check the defrost thermostat and defrost heater for continuity. If there is not continuity on one then replace that part.
Frank for Model Number 106.53554201
Answer Frank, Based on your post description, yes, the control board 8201527 is the more likely issue. Sounds like the control board circuits have started to degrade and the air damper is suck open and allows too much air into the fresh food compartment.
Nelson for Model Number 106.54699300
Answer HI. Find the wiring diagram either behind the toe kick grill or in with the fridge controls. Make sure the ribbon cable and all pin connectors are tight and pushed in squarely. Use a pick tool to go inside the pin connector to make the inner female pin tighter when it is pushed in onto the board. Look under the upper door hinge and inspect the wire connection there as well. Make sure these pin connectors are not burned or the pins are not fully inserted and connected. Jumper these connections if they are too burned to repair. Since you stated that it all worked before you replaced the board then concentrate in the fountain control connection. Make sure the keypad controls are mechanically operating well every time. Thank You.


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"The United States is losing the war with radical Islamists," Newt Gingrich told a group of conservatives at the Iowa Freedom Summit in Des Moines.
And while Gingrich skewered President Obama and his foreign policy, he said part of the problem resides with Republicans as well. "We have an elite, frankly in both parties, unwilling to tell the truth."
While many of the speakers at the Iowa event suggested they'd be running for president, Gingrich made no suggestion himself (and has previously said he won't run again in 2016).
Support for the decision of Brandeis University not to award Ayaan Hirsi Ali an honorary degree, after previously announcing it would do so, has coalesced around the notion that while Islamic radicalism can be criticized, even condemned, one cannot criticize Islam itself. By condemning both, and by implying strongly that Radical Islam and Islam are indistinguishable, Ms. Ali—so the argument goes—not only does not deserve an honorary degree; she is, in fact, a bigot.
Read more...
Iran is paying Russian women working at a nuclear plant to cover their bodies, so as to comply with sharia dress codes, an Iranian member of parliament told the outlet ISNA.
Lee Smith considers the concept and implications of sharia in his latest column for Tablet:
With a recent CNN poll showing that 68 percent of Americans oppose the plan to build a mosque in lower Manhattan, close to Ground Zero, it is difficult not to conclude that Americans have begun to take a referendum, not necessarily on their Muslim neighbors, but more generally on what they see as the problems posed by Islam to U.S. liberal democracy. In Washington, Newt Gingrich put a name to it in a speech at the American Enterprise Institute when he identified the problem as "sharia," or what is commonly translated as Islamic law.
While we're focused on the supporters of Hamas -- and the publicity they were able to garner by attacking Israeli soldiers -- it's worth considering other repressive Islamist regimes that are similar in nature to Hamas. Consider this recent report from Reuters, for instance, from sharia-ruled Saudi Arabia:
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Joseph Epstein, out of touch
A Parody.
A Parody
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Handicapping the 2016 GOP field
Time to counter the Saudis with a tariff?
Down but not out.
It won't be easy.


text:
print | share The Arab Forum Citizenship in Transition (FACT)
The Arab Forum for Citizenship in Transition (FACT)
Visit Us:
FACT website:
Arabic ; French ; English
Call For Proposal:
FACT chapters in Tunisia and Yemen are currently accepting proposals:
• Call for proposal on "Media & Women's Equal Citizenship in Tunisia
Download application in Arabic
• Call for proposal on "Media & Women's Equal Citizenship in Yemen
Download application in Arabic
• Call for proposal on "Women's Political Participation in Yemen"
Download application in Arabic
The Arab Forum for Citizenship in Transition (FACT) aims to be a regional exchange platform on the exercise of equal citizenship in Arab countries in transition, with a particular focus on gender equality.
In partnership with local civil society organizations and government actors, FACT will pursue its vision through public policy-oriented research, advocacy, and convening, at local and regional levels.
FACT's work will focus on four areas:
1. Perception and Practice of Citizenship, with a focus on Women's Rights
2. Gender Equality and the Constitution
3. Women's Political Participation and Voting Patterns
4. Equal Citizenship and the Media, with a focus on Women's Rights
Research-specific Objectives:
• Develop empirical research evidence-based policy recommendations that would enhance the capacity of key national stakeholders to promote the rights of women as equal citizens in the four post-uprising Arab countries: Egypt, Libya, Tunisia, and Yemen; and
• Inform decision-makers on how to best create an enabling environment for the exercise by women of their rights as equal citizens;
• Understand and address how the exercise of women's rights as equal citizens varies across rural and urban contexts;
• Analyze the constitution drafting process from a gender and equal citizenship perspective, and compile and disseminate examples of constitutional provisions that are considered to uphold the rights and responsibilities of women;
• Understand how women exercise their rights as equal citizens in the political realm by examining the determinants, patterns, and challenges of their political participation; and
• Help promote a more balanced media portrayal of the political, economic, and social participation of women as equal citizens.
Research Undergoing Implementation:
• The Concept and Practice of Citizenship after the 2011 Egyptian Revolution and its Impact on Strengthening Women's Rights
• Women's Political Participation and Voting Patterns in Egypt Post-2011 Revolution
• Media & Women's Citizenship in Egypt
• The Concept, Perceptions and Practice of Citizenship in Libya and Promotion of Rights of Women as Equal Citizens
• Media & Women's Citizenship in Tunisia
• Perceptions and Practices of Citizenship in Yemen: Towards Enhancing the Rights of Women as Citizens
• Rights of Women as Equal Citizens and the Constitution in Yemen
• Women's Political Participation and Voting Patterns in Yemen
• Media & Women's Citizenship in Yemen
Citizenship and Women's Rights in Egypt following the Arab Uprisings
This empirical study comes in a form of a book containing four inter-related research papers. The first paper looks into the civil and political rights structural deficiencies affecting the rights of women as equal citizens. The second paper looks into citizenship in relation to the economic and social rights of women following the 2011 uprising. The third paper looks into the role of civil society in strengthening the rights of women as equal citizens. The fourth paper gives a reading into citizenship and the role of religious institutions and their impact on strengthening the rights of women.
Women and Equal Citizenship in the 2014 Constitution – an Analytical View
This policy paper is based on a closed-door workshop with experts and with the head of the Egyptian sub-committee on Freedoms and Rights in the Constitution Drafting Committee of 50. That was charged with revising the 2012 Egyptian Constitution.
Download policy paper in English
Download policy paper in Arabic
Women and Equal Citizenship: Analysis of the New Constitution of Egypt
This study attempts to reassess the final draft of the Egyptian constitution with regards to the status of gender from an equal citizenship perspective. The study bases its assessment on a framework of criteria drawn from several sources.
Download report in English
Download report in Arabic
Gender Equality and the Constitution in Tunisia
This paper provides a thorough look at the Tunisian constitution from a gender perspective and includes policy recommendations on how subsequent laws could strengthen/complement the provisions of the constitution relating to equal citizenship.
Download report in English (Unofficial Translation)
Download report in Arabic
Concept, Perception and Practice of Citizenship in Tunisia and Promotion of Rights of Women as Equal Citizens
This research paper details the concept, perceptions and practices of citizenship in Tunisia, as they relate in particular to the exercise by women of their rights as equal citizens in rural and urban settings. It contains targeted policy recommendations aimed at creating a gender friendly public spaces for the exercise by women of their rights.
Women's Political Participation and Voting Patterns in Tunisia
The paper was published in Arabic in September 2014. It focuses on motivations of urban and rural women to vote for political parties of their choice and how their votes are mobilized, and on the challenges facing women candidates for Parliament and local councils, in rural and urban settings.
Equal Citizenship in Tunisia: Constitutional Guarantees for Equality Between Citizens
This study aims to present conceptions and recommendations for the drafters of Tunisia's new Constitution in order to consider equal citizenship and its implication for equal rights and responsibilities.
Download the report in English
Download the report in Arabic
Program Staff
Youssef Mahmoud Senior Adviser |
Waleed Alhariri Research Assistant, Middle East Program |


text:
South Park
Wednesdays 10:00 PM on Comedy CentralFollow South Park
South Park Season 14 Episode 11
The Coon 2: Hindsight
Air Date:
Cartman is back as the Coon, but this time he teams up with other superhero friends, including the return of Mysterion. The boys try and save people from a burning building, but it's too late! Captain Hindsight beat them to the punch.
Meanwhile, BP has another oil spill and renames itself to DP and issues several apologies. Oh and they accidentally drill so far deep they open a portal to another dimension. Captain Hindsight arrives before the boys, but they head there anyway to face off against the Cthulhu and other creatures.
To be continued...
- Show:
- South Park
- Season:
- South Park Season 14
- Episode Number:
- 11
Around the Web
South Park Season 14 Episode 11 Quotes
We no longer f**k the earth, we DP it.
Tony Hayward
- Permalink: We no longer f**k the earth, we DP it.
- Added:
All Coon friends report to base. I'm so seriously.
- Permalink: All Coon friends report to base. I'm so seriously.
- Added: