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Looks like more bad news for the Wizards as they travel to Philadelphia to face the 76ers Friday night.
Do you have Twitter? If so, odds are your timeline is blowing up with hot takes about #TheDress.
Kris Humphries turned a broken play into a highlight as he posterized Adreian Payne with a monster dunk in the first quarter against Minnesota.
Dropping a game 114-107 to the Golden State Warriors isn't anything to get alarmed about, especially with how well the Wizards played in most areas.
The Wizards' loss to the Warriors included Paul Pierce being helped off the court late in the fourth quarter with a knee injury.


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Phil Nye
Senior Member
Naw, you build him tanky tbh, he still does plenty of damage off of Phage + Wit's End (or getting FM if doing really well), and if you have randuin's, you're going to chunk up the adc pretty well unless it's someone like Vayne lol.
Tags change as the meta does. He is not an assassin, but more of an initiator now in the same way that Lux, Morgana, and Zilean are no longer supports, but rather AP mids.
Last Laff
Fools need to learn how to Tankturne
Oh the days of 26/0 release nocturne... those were the days.
ad carries got more mobile nocturne got nerfs etc
Senior Animation Engineer
Nocturne's kit isn't burst damage. His kit (especially with exhaust or phage/frozen) can lock down a target who is running for some good ole fashioned group killing. Darkness.
Still has one of the strongest lv6 ganks in the game

subset: commoncrawl


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What causes these spots on new schefflera leaves?
I started this plant from stem cuttings last summer - actually I started a few of them. There are 3 plants in this pot and only one is affected by these dots on the new growth. Any ideas on what the cause could be?
.... first impression is the feeding sites of a sap-sucking insect (thrips/mites - if you wipe a white tissue across the underside of the leaves, does it pick up a yellow residue?), but if the underside of the leaves looks worse than the surface, it could be the result of oedema, fairly common in scheffs when they are over-watered - especially during periods of high humidity and/or extended heavy overcast or other low light conditions.
Ok, here's the underside of that leaf.....
Looks pretty much the same as the top - maybe more pronounced (?) I tried wiping the underside of the leaf with a white tissue and there was no residue. Maybe it IS from overwatering, but I wonder why the new leaves of the other two plants in the pot are not affected?
I suppose using some insect spray wouldn't hurt - just in case, right?
It's not oedema and it's not from over or under-watering - likely insect-related. It's not unusual for insects to attack one plant in a grouping or even a single branch on a plant. The plant's natural defenses are related to it's metabolism and energy levels which are often variable from plant to plant and even locality on the same plant. IOW - if one plant or plant part is weaker (or more succulent) than another plant or other parts on the same plant, the likelihood of insect attack is increased.
If you do treat the plant, topical insecticides are only marginally effective with little residual effectiveness. Systemics are broader spectrum with a much longer period of effectiveness. I've had excellent results with Bayer's 3-in-1 preparation that contains the systemic insecticide Imidacloprid, the systemic fungicide Tebuconazole, and a miticide, so it pretty much covers all the bases. Don't confuse it with their product that also includes fertilizer. All the chemicals in the 3-in-1 preparation are approved for use on houseplants, but all spraying should be done outdoors. The plant can be moved back indoors as soon as the spray is dry.
What does your plant look like (a full shot of it?). It may be a candidate for a full defoliation a few days after you spray, which will stimulate back-budding (more branches & fullness) and offers the added advantage of having all the newly emerging foliage in pristine condition.
Ok, here's a shot of the whole plant
And shot looking down at the top
The plant is about 13" high and 17" wide. It's in a pot that is 4.5" across.
I don't recall seeing that particular Bayer product in any stores I've been in - hope I can find it.
It's pretty commonly found in big box stores & most nurseries/greenhouses with any significant retail space devoted to items incidental to plant material. There's no email link on your member page, so I couldn't send the info. Copy/paste this addy to your browser window:
It comes 3 ways - a hose end sprayer set-up, concentrate, and a hand spritzer. I prefer the concentrate, but for only 1 - a few plants you'll probably find the spritzer packaging the best choice.
elkay, it seems that one leaf only is affected and I am quite sure that its removal will not hurt the plant or alter its appearance; the whole plant looks quite pleasing.
The condition appears to be insect related and I would guess that the culprit has been long gone.
Aphids or mites do not appear to be the problem and even they can be controlled by cultural methods.
Scales would probably require the application of a systemic insecticide.
The new leaves on my schefflera always have some reddish splotches on them. The splotches aren't nearly as well defined or as deep red as the ones on your plant's leaves.
I think it may just be normal. I've had the plant for about a year and the strange looking young leaves always develop into the nice green mature form.


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CAT | Studies
High Blood Sugar: Why Your Heart Pays the Price
02/25/15 0 Comments | Posted by Renew Life in Diet and Nutrition, Heart Health, Solutions, Studies, weight loss
Concerned about your heart? For years experts have warned us to watch our sodium intake to prevent high blood pressure—a significant risk factor for heart disease—but recent studies show that dietary salt may not necessarily be the bad guy we have been led to believe. Instead, new evidence points to a far more dangerous culprit: sugar.
Not only does it affect healthy blood pressure, but a recent Mayo Clinic report reveals that a diet high in added sugars, particularly fructose, is causing a significant increase in cases of diabetes and pre-diabetes in the United States—and may soon result in a nationwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes.
What many people don't realize is that heart disease is a major complication of diabetes, and according to the American Diabetes Association having diabetes actually doubles your risk of heart attack and stroke. Excess fructose also contributes to an increased risk of metabolic syndrome, and even moderate doses of added sugar over a short period of time can cause significant damage to the heart, say experts.
As you may have guessed already, Americans consume a lot of fructose—most often in the form of high-fructose corn syrup—but reducing all forms of added sugar is really the best line of defense for a healthy heart. Below are 4 important "heart healthy steps" you can take every day:
- Check your blood sugar levels regularly.
- Eliminate added sugars from your diet.
- Reduce your intake of carbohydrates from starchy foods such as bread, pasta, pastries and starchy vegetables. Carbohydrates break down into sugar in the digestive tract, and those sugars are absorbed and contribute to high blood sugar.
- Read ingredient and nutritional content labels before purchasing a food product.
As you work to eliminate sugar from your diet, remember to eat plenty of non-starchy veggies, low-sugar fruits, protein (from sources such as tofu, poultry, eggs and fish), healthy fats, nuts and seeds.
New Guidelines for Cholesterol: What You Need to Know
02/23/15 0 Comments | Posted by Renew Life in Diet and Nutrition, General Health, Heart Health, Studies
The leading nutrition advisory panel may soon revise its guidelines about cholesterol. For decades we've been cautioned against eating too many foods high in cholesterol such as eggs and seafood, but the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) wants to modify their warning to focus on what they believe is the bigger threat: eating too many unhealthy fats—especially trans fats.
Under the new guidelines, cholesterol will no longer be considered a nutrient of concern—meaning, in this case, something to focus on reducing instead of something to increase in your diet. To help clear things up a bit and explain why the DGAC may be updating their previous recommendations, here are a few things you need to know about cholesterol:
Cholesterol: Fact vs. Fiction
Myth: Cholesterol is bad for you.
Fact: We need cholesterol. It is found in every cell in the body. Cholesterol is needed to make a variety of hormones as well as to help manufacture vitamin D, promote digestive health, and repair damage to the body.
Myth: There are two types of cholesterol, good and bad.
Fact: There is only one cholesterol—but two main "vehicles" that carry it throughout the body. They are known as HDL and LDL. Cholesterol is only the passenger.
3 Important Truths about HDL ("Good") Cholesterol:
- HDL brings cholesterol to the liver for recycling
- HDL scavenges cholesterol from damaged arteries
- High HDL levels reduce heart disease risk
3 Important Truths about LDL ("Bad") Cholesterol:
- LDL transports cholesterol away from the liver to damaged tissues and cells
- Small LDL particles can deposit in artery walls and accumulate as plaque
- That plaque can then can inflame artery walls, increasing heart disease risk
The overall goal of the new guidelines, due out this year, is to encourage people to eat more healthy foods that are rich in nutrients their bodies need. Get a head start on a healthy heart and body by eating plenty of:
- Non-starchy vegetables such as asparagus and cauliflower
- Low-sugar fruits such as avocado, raspberries and grapefruit
- Protein from sources such as tofu, poultry, eggs, fish and yogurt
- Healthy fats
- Nuts and seeds


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Princess Margaret Secondary School (Surrey)
Princess Margaret Secondary | |
Address | |
12870 72 Avenue Surrey, British Columbia, V3W 2M9, Canada |
Information | |
School number | 3636246 |
School board | School District 36 Surrey |
Principal | Mr. Neder Dhillon |
Vice principal | Mr. Ian McGinnis, Ms. Laura Breen, Mr. Marcello Deluca |
Staff | 98 |
School type | Public high school |
Grades | 8-12 |
Team name | Lions |
Colours | Black and Red |
Enrollment | 1500 (September 2011) |
Homepage | http://www.sd36.bc.ca/pmarga/ |
Princess Margaret Secondary is a public high school in Surrey, British Columbia and is part of School District 36 Surrey. The school is notable in Surrey for its sports programs. The goals of Princess Margaret Secondary include increasing reading comprehension and increasing numeracy skills in Grade 8 students.[1] The Princess Margaret Secondary school is located only 2 street blocks east of the Surrey Campus of Kwantlen Polytechnic University. The current building was completed in 2000; a previous smaller brick and mortar building served secondary students at the same site from the early 1960s until the summer of 1999 when it was demolished.
The Princess Margaret Secondary School was named after Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, the younger sister of Canadian Monarch Queen Elizabeth II.
Student Volunteer Work[edit]
Princess Margaret students volunteered again in 2011 with the installation of Christmas lights at St. Paul's Hospital for the 'Lights of Hope' campaign in Vancouver. The student volunteers are enrolled in the BCIT Electrical Program while in secondary school.[2][3][4]
Notable alumni[edit]
- Jazzy B (Jaswinder Singh Bains), Punjabi Singer
- Lisa Brokop, country singer and actress
- ^ "School Goals". Retrieved 19 October 2009.
- ^ "Lights of Hope - BCIT Electrical students". CTV News. 2011-11-08. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ "Students help light the Lights of Hope". BCIT Update Magazine. 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
- ^ "Lights of hope". Surrey North Delta Leader. 2011-12-08. Retrieved 2011-12-10.
See also[edit]
Coordinates: 49°07′54″N 122°51′57″W / 49.1318°N 122.8657°W
This British Columbia school-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |


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Hot DealKrazy Kard by Kenton Knepper $15.00 $5.00 Save: 67% off Reward PointsNo points earned yet on current order. Log in to see how many reward points you have already earned Categories
FASTERRRR........!!!! again and again, trust me and you will get surprise :)) Excellent service I am really impressed! Ordering cards I forgot about the custom clearance things - how to do to avoid problems with it. I was afraid but when the... |


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St. Louis area baseball icon Ric Lessman is going to be sending out a weekly newsletter, "BETWEEN THE LINES". This will include baseball tips, ideas, stories, and facts on different baseball related topics. Look for it e-mailed to you and enjoy the reading!
Ben Margaklski is now hosting an on-going catching academy every Wednesday at Ballwin from 5:30-7:00pm now through the end of May. It is $50 per week, register for one or all of them, your choice. Ben has AAA minor league playing experiance and does an outstanding job teaching the position in the cage. These sell out at 10 students each week, call 636-394-2255 to inquire.
Balls-n-Strikes Ballwin has the premiere instructional staff in the St. Louis area. We are easy to work with, have a great facility, and offer lesson packs. We are very passionate about teaching the game. Our staff schedules are set through December 2014. Our new scheduling software makes scheduling quick and easy! Call 636-394-2255 for schedules and availability. Ask about our lesson packs!
Now is a great time to purchas a family pass for $360. This gives you unlimited access at Balls-n-Strikes Ballwin on a walk-in basis. Come in as much as you possibly can, take full advantage of the facility with your family.
Employees: Click Here to Login


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(By Mani) Apparel retailers would be reporting their comparable store sales results for the month of January on Feb.7.
Comparable or same-store-sales are a key metric to measure retail performance as it takes sales from stores that have been open for at least one year. In other terms, it excludes sales from new stores, thereby giving investors and market analysts a hindsight over the performance of a retail chain's existing stores.
Both January and February are low-volume months, and retail chains will be focused on clearing the inventory and assorting items for Spring sales. With holiday sales and winter clearance wrapping up midway through the month, shoppers may have taken a pause while stores began transitioning to new spring merchandise.
[Related -American Eagle Outfitters (NYSE:AEO) Q3 Earnings Preview: What To Watch?]
Unusually cold weather in the West in early January and Northeast/Midwest in late last month are likely helped sales of cold-weather items, but likely hurt full-price spring selling.
In this period, investors should focus on margins and first-quarter outlook from the retailers.
Following are some of the companies that are expected to report same store sales results.
Gap Inc. (NYSE: GPS), Limited Brands (NYSE: LTD), Nordstrom, Inc. (NYSE: JWN), Ross Stores, Inc. (NASDAQ: ROST), TJX Companies, Inc. (NYSE: TJX), Abercrombie & Fitch Co. (NYSE: ANF), Aeropostale, Inc. (NYSE: ARO) and American Eagle Outfitters, Inc. (NYSE: AEO).
[Related -The Gap Inc. (NYSE:GPS), L Brands Inc(NYSE:LTD): How November Comps Will Fare Post Black Friday?]
Most chains appeared to have successfully exited remaining holiday merchandise and were able to set their initial spring assortments without the distraction of major levels of carryover product remaining in stores. This bodes well for chains American Eagle, Hollister and Aeropostale, who are offering updated spring merchandise as they are better able to show case their new offerings.
"Given the mix between solid early trends and a likely drop-off, we believe comps in January will be modest, but still likely positive," RBC Capital Markets analyst Howard Tubin said in a client note.
Consensus Estimate
3.5 percent
Limited Brands
Low Single Digits
2.8 percent
Ross Stores
1-2 percent
2.4 percent
0-2 percent
2.5 percent
4 percent
Payrolls at US companies posted another respectable gain in February, advancing 212,000 over the previous read on...
Last Tuesday, all eyes were on Federal Reserve Chief Janet Yellen. In prepared testimony, she offered a few read on...
Our weekly commentaries provide Euro Pacific Capital's latest thinking on developments in the global read on...
Back in September the idea that the Eurozone's economy could potentially undergo a recovery (see post) was read on...


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view of Google TV through a pair of 3D glasses during the 5th annual... News PhotoAnnual Event,Business,Computer,Corporate Business,Finance,Google,Horizontal,Internet,New York City,Pair,Technology,USAPhotographer Spencer PlattCollection: Getty Images News 2012 Getty ImagesNEW YORK, NY - MAY 17: A view of Google TV through a pair of 3-D glasses during the 5th annual Internet Week New York on May 17, 2012 in New York City. It is expected that some 45,000 people will attend the festival through next Monday. A celebration for digital culture and a showcase for New York City's growing technology industry, Internet Week New York features over 300 events that focus on social media and digiital culture. The event is produced by the International Academy of Digital Arts & Sciences (IADAS), in cooperation with the Mayor's Office of Media and Entertainment. (Photo by Spencer Platt/Getty Images)


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, or the Ptolemaic system) is a description of the cosmos where Earth is at the orbital center of all celestial bodies. This model served as the predominant cosmological system in many ancient civilizations such as ancient Greece including the noteworthy systems of Aristotle (see Aristotelian physics) and Ptolemy. As such, they assumed that the Sun, Moon, stars, and naked eye planets circled Earth.[1]
Two commonly made observations supported the idea that Earth was the center of the Universe. The first observation was that the stars, the sun, and planets appear to revolve around Earth each day, making Earth the center of that system. Further, every star was on a "stellar" or "celestial" sphere, of which the earth was the center, that rotated each day, using a line through the north and south pole as an axis. The stars closest to the equator appeared to rise and fall the greatest distance, but each star circled back to its rising point each day.[2] The second common notion supporting the geocentric model was that the Earth does not seem to move from the perspective of an Earth bound observer, and that it is solid, stable, and unmoving. In other words, it is completely at rest.
Ancient Roman and medieval philosophers usually combined the geocentric model with a spherical Earth. It is not the same as the older flat Earth model implied in some mythology, as was the case with the biblical and postbiblical Latin cosmology.[n 1][n 2][5] The ancient Jewish uranography pictured a flat Earth with a dome-shaped rigid canopy named firmament placed over it. (רקיע- rāqîa').[n 3][n 4][n 5][n 6][n 7][n 8]
However, the ancient Greeks believed that the motions of the planets were circular and not elliptical, a view that was not challenged in Western culture until the 17th century through the synthesis of theories by Copernicus and Kepler.
The astronomical predictions of Ptolemy's geocentric model were used to prepare astrological and astronomical charts for over 1500 years. The geocentric model held sway into the early modern age, but from the late 16th century onward was gradually superseded by the heliocentric model of Copernicus, Galileo and Kepler. There was much resistance to the transition between these two theories. Christian theologians were reluctant to reject a theory that agreed with Bible passages (e.g. "Sun, stand you still upon Gibeon", Joshua 10:12 – King James 2000 Bible). Others felt a new, unknown theory could not subvert an accepted consensus for geocentrism.
The geocentric model entered Greek astronomy and philosophy at an early point; it can be found in Pre-Socratic philosophy. In the 6th century BC, Anaximander proposed a cosmology with the Earth shaped like a section of a pillar (a cylinder), held aloft at the center of everything. The Sun, Moon, and planets were holes in invisible wheels surrounding the Earth; through the holes, humans could see concealed fire. About the same time, the Pythagoreans thought that the Earth was a sphere (in accordance with observations of eclipses), but not at the center; they believed that it was in motion around an unseen fire. Later these views were combined, so most educated Greeks from the 4th century BC on thought that the Earth was a sphere at the center of the universe.[12]
In the 4th century BC, two influential Greek philosophers, Plato and his student Aristotle, wrote works based on the geocentric model. According to Plato, the Earth was a sphere, stationary at the center of the universe. The stars and planets were carried around the Earth on spheres or circles, arranged in the order (outwards from the center): Moon, Sun, Venus, Mercury, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, fixed stars, with the fixed stars located on the celestial sphere. In his "Myth of Er", a section of the Republic, Plato describes the cosmos as the Spindle of Necessity, attended by the Sirens and turned by the three Fates. Eudoxus of Cnidus, who worked with Plato, developed a less mythical, more mathematical explanation of the planets' motion based on Plato's dictum stating that all phenomena in the heavens can be explained with uniform circular motion. Aristotle elaborated on Eudoxus' system.
In the fully developed Aristotelian system, the spherical Earth is at the center of the universe, and all other heavenly bodies are attached to 47–55 transparent concentric spheres which rotate around the Earth. (The number is so high because several spheres are needed for each planet.) These spheres, known as crystalline spheres, all moved at different uniform speeds to create the rotation of bodies around the Earth. They were composed of an incorruptible substance called aether. Aristotle believed that the moon was in the innermost sphere and therefore touches the realm of Earth, causing the dark spots (macula) and the ability to go through lunar phases. He further described his system by explaining the natural tendencies of the terrestrial elements: earth, water, fire, air, as well as celestial aether. His system held that earth was the heaviest element, with the strongest movement towards the center, thus water formed a layer surrounding the sphere of earth. The tendency of air and fire, on the other hand, was to move upwards, away from the center, with fire being lighter than air. Beyond the layer of fire, were the solid spheres of aether in which the celestial bodies were embedded. They, themselves, were also entirely composed of aether.
Adherence to the geocentric model stemmed largely from several important observations. First of all, if the Earth did move, then one ought to be able to observe the shifting of the fixed stars due to stellar parallax. In short, if the earth was moving, the shapes of the constellations should change considerably over the course of a year. If they did not appear to move, the stars are either much farther away than the Sun and the planets than previously conceived, making their motion undetectable, or in reality they are not moving at all. Because the stars were actually much further away than Greek astronomers postulated (making movement extremely subtle), stellar parallax was not detected 'till the 19th century. Therefore, the Greeks chose the simpler of the two explanations. The lack of any observable parallax was considered a fatal flaw in any non-geocentric theory. Another observation used in favor of the geocentric model at the time was the apparent consistency of Venus' luminosity, which implies that it is usually about the same distance from Earth, which in turn is more consistent with geocentrism than heliocentrism. In reality, that is because the loss of light caused by Venus' phases compensates for the increase in apparent size caused by its varying distance from Earth. Objectors to heliocentrism noted that terrestrial bodies naturally tend to come to rest as near as possible to the center of the earth. Further barring the opportunity to fall closer the center, terrestrial bodies tend not to move unless forced by an outside object, or transformed to a different element by heat or moisture.
Atmospheric explanations for many phenomena were preferred because the Eudoxan–Aristotelian model based on perfectly concentric spheres was not intended to explain changes in the brightness of the planets due to a change in distance.[13] Eventually, perfectly concentric spheres were abandoned as it was impossible to develop a sufficiently accurate model under that ideal. However, while providing for similar explanations, the later deferent and epicycle model was flexible enough to accommodate observations for many centuries.
Although the basic tenets of Greek geocentrism were established by the time of Aristotle, the details of his system did not become standard. The Ptolemaic system, developed by the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemaeus in the 2nd century AD finally standardised geocentrism. His main astronomical work, the Almagest, was the culmination of centuries of work by Hellenic, Hellenistic and Babylonian astronomers. For over a millennium European and Islamic astronomers assumed it was the correct cosmological model. Because of its influence, people sometimes wrongly think the Ptolemaic system is identical with the geocentric model.
Ptolemy argued that the Earth was in the center of the universe, from the simple observation that half the stars were above the horizon and half were below the horizon at any time (stars on rotating stellar sphere), and the assumption that the stars were all at some modest distance from the center of the universe. If the Earth was substantially displaced from the center, this division into visible and invisible stars would not be equal.[n 9]
In the Ptolemaic system, each planet is moved by a system of two spheres: one called its deferent, the others, its epicycle. The deferent is a circle whose center point, called the eccentric and marked in the diagram with an X, is removed from the Earth. The original purpose of the eccentric was to account for the differences of the lengths of the seasons (autumn is the shortest by a week or so), by placing the Earth away from the center of rotation of the rest of the universe. Another sphere, the epicycle, is embedded inside the deferent sphere and is represented by the smaller dotted line to the right. A given planet then moves around the epicycle at the same time the epicycle moves along the path marked by the deferent. These combined movements cause the given planet to move closer to and further away from the Earth at different points in its orbit, and explained the observation that planets slowed down, stopped, and moved backward in retrograde motion, and then again reversed to resume normal, or prograde, motion.
The deferent-and-epicycle model had been used by Greek astronomers for centuries along with the idea of the eccentric (a deferent which is slightly off-center from the Earth), which was even older. In the illustration, the center of the deferent is not the Earth but the spot marked X, making it eccentric (from the Greek ἐκ ec- meaning "from," and κέντρον kentron meaning "center"), from which the spot takes its name. Unfortunately, the system that was available in Ptolemy's time did not quite match observations, even though it was considerably improved over Hipparchus' system. Most noticeably the size of a planet's retrograde loop (especially that of Mars) would be smaller, and sometimes larger, than expected, resulting in positional errors of as much as 30 degrees. To alleviate the problem, Ptolemy developed the equant. The equant was a point near the center of a planet's orbit which, if you were to stand there and watch, the center of the planet's epicycle would always appear to move at uniform speed; all other locations would see non-uniform speed, like on the Earth. By using an equant, Ptolemy claimed to keep motion which was uniform and circular, although it departed from the Platonic ideal of uniform circular motion. The resultant system, which eventually came to be widely accepted in the west, seems unwieldy to modern astronomers; each planet required an epicycle revolving on a deferent, offset by an equant which was different for each planet. But it predicted various celestial motions, including the beginnings and ends of retrograde motion, fairly well at the time it was developed to within a maximum error of 10 degrees, considerably better than without the equant.
The model with epicycles is in fact a very good model of an elliptical orbit with low eccentricity. The well known ellipse shape does not appear to a noticeable extent when the eccentricity is less than 5%, but the offset distance of the 'center' (in fact the focus occupied by the sun) is very noticeable even with low eccentricities as possessed by the planets.
To summarize, Ptolemy devised a system that was compatible with Aristotelian philosophy and managed to track actual observations and predict future movement mostly to within the limits of the next 1000 years of observations. The observed motions and his mechanisms for explaining them include:
Object(s) | Observation | Modeling mechanism |
Stars | Motion of entire sky E to W in ~24 hrs ("first motion") | Stars: Daily motion E to W of sphere of stars, carrying all other spheres with it. Normally ignored; other spheres have additional motions. |
Sun | Motion yearly W to E along ecliptic | Motion of sun's sphere W to E in year |
Sun | Non-uniform rate along ecliptic (uneven seasons) | Eccentric orbit (sun's deferent center off Earth) |
Moon | Monthly motion W to E compared to stars | Monthly W to E motion of moon's sphere |
The 5 planets | General motion W to E through zodiac | Motion of deferents W to E; period set by observation of planet going around the ecliptic. |
Planets | Retrograde motion | Motion of epicycle in same direction as deferent. Period of epicycle is time between retrograde motions (synodic period). |
Planets | Variations in speed thru zodiac | Eccentric per planet |
Planets | Variations in retrograde timing | Equants per planet (Copernicus used a pair of epicycles instead) |
Planets | Size of deferents, epicycles | Only ratio between radius of deferent and associated epicycle determined; absolute distances not determined in theory. |
Interior planets | Average greatest elongations of 23 (Mercury)and 46 degrees (Venus) | Size of epicycles set by these angles, proportional to distances. |
Interior planets | Limited to movement near the sun | Center their deferent centers along the Sun-Earth line. |
Exterior planets | Retrograde only at opposition, when brightest | Radii of epicycles aligned to Sun-Earth line |
The geocentric model was eventually replaced by the heliocentric model. The earliest heliocentric model, Copernican heliocentrism, could remove Ptolemy's epicycles because the retrograde motion could be seen to be the result of the combination of Earth and planet movement and speeds. Copernicus felt strongly that equants were a violation of Aristotelian purity, and proved that replacement of the equant with of a pair of new epicycles was entirely equivalent. Astronomers often continued using the equants instead of the epicycles because the former was easier to calculate, and gave the same result.
It has been determined, in fact, that the Copernican, Ptolemaic and even the Tychonic models provided identical results to identical inputs. They are computationally equivalent. It wasn't until Kepler demonstrated a physical observation that could show that the physical sun is directly involved in determining an orbit that a new model was required.
The Ptolemaic order of spheres from Earth outward is:[15]
Ptolemy did not invent or work out this order, which aligns with the ancient Seven Heavens religious cosmology common to the major Eurasian religious traditions. It also follows the decreasing orbital periods of the moon, sun, planets and stars.
Due to the scientific dominance of the Ptolemaic system in Islamic astronomy, the Muslim astronomers accepted unanimously the geocentric model.[n 10]
In the 12th century, Arzachel departed from the ancient Greek idea of uniform circular motions by hypothesizing that the planet Mercury moves in an elliptic orbit,[17][18] while Alpetragius proposed a planetary model that abandoned the equant, epicycle and eccentric mechanisms,[19] though this resulted in a system that was mathematically less accurate.[20] Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149–1209), in dealing with his conception of physics and the physical world in his Matalib, rejects the Aristotelian and Avicennian notion of the Earth's centrality within the universe, but instead argues that there are "a thousand thousand worlds (alfa alfi 'awalim) beyond this world such that each one of those worlds be bigger and more massive than this world as well as having the like of what this world has." To support his theological argument, he cites the Qur'anic verse, "All praise belongs to God, Lord of the Worlds," emphasizing the term "Worlds."[21]
The "Maragha Revolution" refers to the Maragha school's revolution against Ptolemaic astronomy. The "Maragha school" was an astronomical tradition beginning in the Maragha observatory and continuing with astronomers from the Damascus mosque and Samarkand observatory. Like their Andalusian predecessors, the Maragha astronomers attempted to solve the equant problem (the circle around whose circumference a planet or the center of an epicycle was conceived to move uniformly) and produce alternative configurations to the Ptolemaic model without abandoning geocentrism. They were more successful than their Andalusian predecessors in producing non-Ptolemaic configurations which eliminated the equant and eccentrics, were more accurate than the Ptolemaic model in numerically predicting planetary positions, and were in better agreement with empirical observations.[22] The most important of the Maragha astronomers included Mo'ayyeduddin Urdi (d. 1266), Nasīr al-Dīn al-Tūsī (1201–1274), Qutb al-Din al-Shirazi (1236–1311), Ibn al-Shatir (1304–1375), Ali Qushji (c. 1474), Al-Birjandi (d. 1525), and Shams al-Din al-Khafri (d. 1550).[23] Ibn al-Shatir, the Damascene astronomer (1304–1375 AD) working at the Umayyad Mosque, wrote a major book entitled Kitab Nihayat al-Sul fi Tashih al-Usul (A Final Inquiry Concerning the Rectification of Planetary Theory) on a theory which departs largely from the Ptolemaic system known at that time. In his book, "Ibn al-Shatir, an Arab astronomer of the fourteenth century," E. S. Kennedy wrote "what is of most interest, however, is that Ibn al-Shatir's lunar theory, except for trivial differences in parameters, is identical with that of Copernicus (1473–1543 AD)." The discovery that the models of Ibn al-Shatir are mathematically identical to those of Copernicus suggests the possible transmission of these models to Europe.[24] At the Maragha and Samarkand observatories, the Earth's rotation was discussed by al-Tusi and Ali Qushji (b. 1403); the arguments and evidence they used resemble those used by Copernicus to support the Earth's motion.[25][26]
However, the Maragha school never made the paradigm shift to heliocentrism.[27] The influence of the Maragha school on Copernicus remains speculative, since there is no documentary evidence to prove it. The possibility that Copernicus independently developed the Tusi couple remains open, since no researcher has yet demonstrated that he knew about Tusi's work or that of the Maragha school.[27][28]
Not all Greeks agreed with the geocentric model. The Pythagorean system has already been mentioned; some Pythagoreans believed the Earth to be one of several planets going around a central fire.[29] Hicetas and Ecphantus, two Pythagoreans of the 5th century BC, and Heraclides Ponticus in the 4th century BC, believed that the Earth rotated on its axis but remained at the center of the universe.[30] Such a system still qualifies as geocentric. It was revived in the Middle Ages by Jean Buridan. Heraclides Ponticus was once thought to have proposed that both Venus and Mercury went around the Sun rather than the Earth, but this is no longer accepted.[31] Martianus Capella definitely put Mercury and Venus in orbit around the Sun.[32] Aristarchus of Samos was the most radical. He wrote a work, which has not survived, on heliocentrism, saying that the Sun was at the center of the universe, while the Earth and other planets revolved around it.[33] His theory was not popular, and he had one named follower, Seleucus of Seleucia.[34]
In 1543, the geocentric system met its first serious challenge with the publication of Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres), which posited that the Earth and the other planets instead revolved around the Sun. The geocentric system was still held for many years afterwards, as at the time the Copernican system did not offer better predictions than the geocentric system, and it posed problems for both natural philosophy and scripture. The Copernican system was no more accurate than Ptolemy's system, because it still used circular orbits. This was not altered until Johannes Kepler postulated that they were elliptical (Kepler's first law of planetary motion).
With the invention of the telescope in 1609, observations made by Galileo Galilei (such as that Jupiter has moons) called into question some of the tenets of geocentrism but did not seriously threaten it. Because he observed dark "spots" on the moon, craters, he remarked that the moon was not a perfect celestial body as had been previously conceived. This was the first time someone could see imperfections on a celestial body that was supposed to be composed of perfect aether. As such, because the moon's imperfections could now be related to those seen on Earth, one could argue that neither was unique: rather, they were both just celestial bodies made from earth-like material. Galileo could also see the moons of Jupiter, which he dedicated to Cosimo II de' Medici, and stated that they orbited around Jupiter, not Earth.[35] This was a significant claim as it would mean not only that not everything revolved around Earth as stated in the Ptolemaic model, but also showed a secondary celestial body could orbit a moving celestial body, strengthening the heliocentric argument of that a moving Earth could retain the Moon.[36] Galileo's observations were verified by other astronomers of the time period who quickly adopted use of the telescope, including Christoph Scheiner, Johannes Kepler, and Giovan Paulo Lembo.[37]
In December 1610, Galileo Galilei used his telescope to observe that Venus showed all phases, just like the Moon. He thought that while this observation was incompatible with the Ptolemaic system, it was a natural consequence of the heliocentric system.
However, Ptolemy placed Venus' deferent and epicycle entirely inside the sphere of the Sun (between the Sun and Mercury), but this was arbitrary; he could just as easily have swapped Venus and Mercury and put them on the other side of the Sun, or made any other arrangement of Venus and Mercury, as long as they were always near a line running from the Earth through the Sun, such as placing the center of the Venus epicycle near the Sun. In this case, if the Sun is the source of all the light, under the Ptolemaic system:
If Venus is between Earth and the Sun, the phase of Venus must always be crescent or all dark.
If Venus is beyond the Sun, the phase of Venus must always be gibbous or full.
But Galileo saw Venus at first small and full, and later large and crescent.
This showed that with a Ptolemaic cosmology, the Venus epicycle can be neither completely inside nor completely outside of the orbit of the Sun. As a result, Ptolemaics abandoned the idea that the epicycle of Venus was completely inside the Sun, and later 17th century competition between astronomical cosmologies focused on variations of Tycho Brahe's Tychonic system (in which the Earth was still at the center of the universe, and around it revolved the Sun, but all other planets revolved around the Sun in one massive set of epicycles), or variations on the Copernican system.
Johannes Kepler, analysed Tycho Brahe's famously accurate observations and afterwards constructed his three laws in 1609 and 1619, based on a heliocentric view where the planets move in elliptical paths. Using these laws, he was the first astronomer to successfully predict a transit of Venus (for the year 1631). The change from circular orbits to elliptical planetary paths dramatically improved the accuracy of celestial observations and predictions. Because the heliocentric model by Copernicus was no more accurate than Ptolemy's system, new mathematical observations were needed to persuade those who still held on to the geocentric model. However, the observations made by Kepler, using Tycho Brahe's data, became a problem which geocentrists could not easily overcome.
In 1687, Isaac Newton devised his law of universal gravitation. This introduced gravitation as the force that both kept the Earth and planets moving through the heavens and also kept the air from flying away. The theory of gravity allowed scientists to construct a plausible heliocentric model for the solar system quickly. In his Principia, Newton explained his system of how gravity, (previously thought of as an occult force) directed the movements of celestial bodies, and kept our solar system in its working order. His descriptions of centripetal force[38] were a breakthrough in scientific thought which used the newly developed differential calculus, and finally replaced the previous schools of scientific thought, i.e. those of Aristotle and Ptolemy. However, the process was gradual.
Several empirical tests of Newton's theory, explaining longer period of oscillation of a pendulum at the equator and the differing size of a degree of latitude, gradually became available over the period 1673–1738. In addition, stellar aberration was observed by Robert Hooke in 1674 and tested in a series of observations by Jean Picard over ten years finishing in 1680. However it was not explained until 1729 when James Bradley provided an approximate explanation in terms of the earth's rotation about the sun.
In 1838, astronomer Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel measured the parallax of the star 61 Cygni successfully, and disproved Ptolemy's claim that parallax motion did not exist. This finally confirmed the assumptions made by Copernicus, provided accurate, dependable scientific observations, and displayed truly how far away stars were from Earth.
A geocentric frame is useful for many everyday activities and most laboratory experiments, but is a less appropriate choice for solar-system mechanics and space travel. While a heliocentric frame is most useful in those cases, galactic and extra-galactic astronomy is easier if the sun is treated as neither stationary nor the center of the universe, but rotating around the center of our galaxy, and in turn our galaxy is also not at rest in the cosmic background.
The Ptolemaic model of the solar system held sway into the early modern age; from the late 16th century onward it was gradually replaced as the consensus description by the heliocentric model. Geocentrism as a separate religious belief, however, never completely died out. In the United States between 1870 and 1920, for example, various members of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod published articles disparaging Copernican astronomy, and geocentrism was widely taught within the synod during that period.[39] However, in the 1902 Theological Quarterly, A. L. Graebner claimed that the synod had no doctrinal position on geocentrism, heliocentrism, or any scientific model, unless it were to contradict Scripture. He stated that any possible declarations of geocentrists within the synod did not set the position of the church body as a whole.[40][not in citation given]
Articles arguing that geocentrism was the biblical perspective appeared in some early creation science newsletters associated with the Creation Research Society pointing to some passages in the Bible, which, when taken literally, indicate that the daily apparent motions of the Sun and the Moon are due to their actual motions around the Earth rather than due to the rotation of the Earth about its axis for example, Joshua 10:12 where the Sun and Moon are said to stop in the sky, and Psalms 93:1 where the world is described as immobile.[41] Contemporary advocates for such religious beliefs include Robert Sungenis (president of Bellarmine Theological Forum and author of the 2006 book Galileo Was Wrong).[42] These people subscribe to the view that a plain reading of the Bible contains an accurate account of the manner in which the universe was created and requires a geocentric worldview. Most contemporary creationist organizations reject such perspectives.[n 11]
After all, Copernicanism was the first major victory of science over religion, so it's inevitable that some folks would think that everything that's wrong with the world began there. (Steven Dutch of the University of Wisconsin–Madison)[44]
Morris Berman quotes survey results that show currently some 20% of the U.S. population believe that the sun goes around the Earth (geocentricism) rather than the Earth goes around the sun (heliocentricism), while a further 9% claimed not to know.[45] Polls conducted by Gallup in the 1990s found that 16% of Germans, 18% of Americans and 19% of Britons hold that the Sun revolves around the Earth.[46] A study conducted in 2005 by Jon D. Miller of Northwestern University, an expert in the public understanding of science and technology,[47] found that about 20%, or one in five, of American adults believe that the Sun orbits the Earth.[48] According to 2011 VTSIOM poll, 32% of Russians believe that the Sun orbits the Earth.[49]
The famous Galileo affair pitted the geocentric model against the claims of Galileo. In regards to the theological basis for such an argument, two Popes addressed the question of whether the use of phenomenological language would compel one to admit an error in Scripture. Both taught that it would not. Pope Leo XIII (1878–1903) wrote:
Maurice Finocchiaro, author of a book on the Galileo affair, notes that this is "a view of the relationship between biblical interpretation and scientific investigation that corresponds to the one advanced by Galileo in the "Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina".[50] Pope Pius XII (1939–1958) repeated his predecessor's teaching:
In 1664 Alexander VII republished the Index Librorum Prohibitorum (List of Prohibited Books) and attached the various decrees connected with those books, including those concerned with heliocentrism. He stated in a Papal Bull that his purpose in doing so was that "the succession of things done from the beginning might be made known [quo rei ab initio gestae series innotescat]."[51]
The position of the curia evolved slowly over the centuries towards permitting the heliocentric view. In 1757, during the papacy of Benedict XIV, the Congregation of the Index withdrew the decree which prohibited all books teaching the earth's motion, although the Dialogue and a few other books continued to be explicitly included. In 1820, the Congregation of the Holy Office, with the pope's approval, decreed that Catholic astronomer Joseph Settele was allowed to treat the earth's motion as an established fact and removed any obstacle for Catholics to hold to the motion of the earth:
In 1822, the Congregation of the Holy Office removed the prohibition on the publication of books treating of the earth's motion in accordance with modern astronomy and Pope Pius VII ratified the decision:
The 1835 edition of the Catholic Index of Prohibited Books for the first time omits the Dialogue from the list.[50] In a papal encyclical written in 1921 Pope Benedict XV stated that, "though this earth on which we live may not be the center of the universe as at one time was thought, it was the scene of the original happiness of our first ancestors, witness of their unhappy fall, as too of the Redemption of mankind through the Passion and Death of Jesus Christ."[54] In 1965 the Second Vatican Council stated that, "Consequently, we cannot but deplore certain habits of mind, which are sometimes found too among Christians, which do not sufficiently attend to the rightful independence of science and which, from the arguments and controversies they spark, lead many minds to conclude that faith and science are mutually opposed."[55] The footnote on this statement is to Msgr. Pio Paschini's, Vita e opere di Galileo Galilei, 2 volumes, Vatican Press (1964). Pope John Paul II regretted the treatment which Galileo received, in a speech to the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 1992. The Pope declared the incident to be based on a "tragic mutual miscomprehension". He further stated:
Some Orthodox Jewish leaders, particularly the Lubavitcher Rebbe, maintain a geocentric model of the universe based on the aforementioned Biblical verses and an interpretation of Maimonides to the effect that he ruled that the earth is orbited by the sun.[57][58] The Lubavitcher Rebbe also explained that geocentrism is defensible based on the theory of Relativity, which establishes that "when two bodies in space are in motion relative to one another, ... science declares with absolute certainty that from the scientific point of view both possibilities are equally valid, namely that the earth revolves around the sun, or the sun revolves around the earth."[59]
While geocentrism is important in Maimonides' calendar calculations,[60] the great majority of Jewish religious scholars, who accept the divinity of the Bible and accept many of his rulings as legally binding, do not believe that the Bible or Maimonides command a belief in geocentrism.[58][61]
However, there is some evidence that geocentrist beliefs are becoming increasingly common among Orthodox Jews.[57][58]
Prominent cases of modern geocentrism in Islam are very isolated. Very few individuals promoted a geocentric view of the universe. One of them was Ahmed Raza Khan Barelvi, a renowned Sunni scholar of Indian subcontinent. He rejected the heliocentric model and wrote a book[62] which explains the movement of sun, moon and other planets around the earth. The Grand Mufti of Saudi Arabia from 1993 to 1999, Ibn Baz also promoted the geocentric view between 1966 and 1985.
The geocentric (Ptolemaic) model of the solar system is still of interest to planetarium makers, as, for technical reasons, a Ptolemaic-type motion for the planet light apparatus has some advantages over a Copernican-type motion.[63] The celestial sphere, still used for teaching purposes and sometimes for navigation, is also based on a geocentric system[64] which in effect ignores parallax. However this effect is negligible at the scale of accuracy that applies to a planetarium.
Alternate history science fiction has produced some literature of interest on the proposition that some alternate universes and Earths might indeed have laws of physics and cosmologies that are Ptolemaic and Aristotelian in design. This subcategory began with Philip Jose Farmer's short story, Sail On! Sail On! (1952), where Columbus has access to radio technology, and where his Spanish-financed exploratory and trade fleet sail off the edge of the (flat) world in his geocentric alternate universe in 1492, instead of discovering North America and South America.
Richard Garfinkle's Celestial Matters (1996) is set in a more elaborated geocentric cosmos, where Earth is divided by two contending factions, the Classical Greece-dominated Delian League and the Chinese Middle Kingdom, both of which are capable of flight within an alternate universe based on Ptolemaic astronomy, Aristotle's physics and Taoist thought. Unfortunately, both superpowers have been fighting a thousand-year war since the time of Alexander the Great.
In the C.S. Lewis novel, The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, one of the Chronicles of Narnia series, the characters involved set out on a naval voyage to discover the edge of the world. The events of the book follow their journey across a flat, geocentric "world" and beyond its fringes.
Like the Midrash and the Talmud, the Targum does not think of a globe of the spherical earth, around which the sun revolves in 24 hours, but of a flat disk of the earth, above which the sun completes its semicircle in an average of 12 hours.


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Microsoft Stock Plan Sends Welcome Signals
Microsoft Stock Plan Sends Welcome Signals
Peter Coffee
Posted 2003-07-14
Enterprise IT portfolio planning needs people with long-term perspective.
Microsofts shift in its compensation plans, from granting stock options to
giving employees actual shares
, holds up a mirror to the IT industry and challenges it to admit that theres a little bit of distinguished gray at the temples. Once a business with nothing to lose and everything to gain, IT has become a domain in which seasoned management and risk-averse engineering are needed to build systems with lifetimes of years or decades--rather than cranking out novelties with product cycles measured in months or quarters.
When PBS NewsHour called me last week to discuss
what this story really meant
, my comments to their development editor focused on two things. First, I observed that some of the most important people at Microsoft these days are people who came from IBM, or other "big iron" IT builders, or even from "user" industry careers where they had decades of experience in traveling incremental development paths.
These are people, I said, who dont think in terms of living on pizza and credit-card debt while waiting for their stock options to make them rich. These are people who think in terms of portfolios of assets, probably
carrying that perspective into their personal lives as well as on the job
. This is not just a subjective, touchy-feely, "Peters on the daddy track" viewpoint. Yes, my personal perspective on the meaning of a decade was fundamentally different after I had children than before: "Ten years from now" becomes a concrete image when it means, for example, a second-grader being ready to graduate from high school. There are concrete implications to this change of perspective: People who never imagined that the code they write today might still be in use ten years later might actually
start writing code that others can read, and even maintain
, when ten years becomes an imaginable time span. The other point that I made to the NewsHour people, though, was an almost unnoticed footnote in most comments on the Microsoft change. While everyone was huffing and puffing about the risk assessment involved in pricing options, and the incentives that options create, it seemed as if almost no one (except eWEEKs Peter Galli) noted Steve Ballmers statement that incentive compensation for hundreds of top Microsoft people will now be based on measures of customer satisfaction.
I can take a devils advocate position on this issue, and indeed I recently have: In one of these letters at the end of last year, I suggested that
"make them happy" may be a feeble strategy compared with "make them ours."
But perhaps Microsoft is acknowledging that customers technical mobility, their ease of moving from the companys own solutions to those based on non-proprietary standards,
has become dangerously great
: that the company cannot take the risk of a
exodus that
might be triggered
a few high-profile defections
. It has to be a good thing that Microsoft managers pay packets will be driven, at the margin, by customer happiness rather than by financial indicators; that development staff will be paid in units of the companys long-term future health, rather than with volatile measures of the noise on that signal. And if it sends a message to other IT organizations that we have to think like grown-ups now, and recruit and compensate people with that requirement in mind, so much the better.
Tell me what options youre considering.
Peter Coffee is Director of Platform Research at salesforce.com, where he serves as a liaison with the developer community to define the opportunity and clarify developers' technical requirements on the company's evolving Apex Platform. Peter previously spent 18 years with eWEEK (formerly PC Week), the national news magazine of enterprise technology practice, where he reviewed software development tools and methods and wrote regular columns on emerging technologies and professional community issues.Before he began writing full-time in 1989, Peter spent eleven years in technical and management positions at Exxon and The Aerospace Corporation, including management of the latter company's first desktop computing planning team and applied research in applications of artificial intelligence techniques. He holds an engineering degree from MIT and an MBA from Pepperdine University, he has held teaching appointments in computer science, business analytics and information systems management at Pepperdine, UCLA, and Chapman College.
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How To Analyze Corporate Bonds With Bloomberg Terminals: Valuing Corporate Bonds
After you have evaluated the credit worthiness of a particular issuer, the next step is deciding upon an appropriate valuation for that bond. There are three good ways to do this. The first method is to look at where the bond has previously traded. This can be done by looking at trade history information on Bloomberg, which is collected from the TRACE reporting system. Typing <TDH> into your terminal will provide a listing of recent trade dates, times, and prices for a particular bond. Keep in mind that pricing can vary greatly from day to day and also by size of trade, so it is best to treat this historical pricing as indicative only.
SEE: An Introduction To Corporate Bond ETFs
In the bond market, most securities trade on a spread basis (spread represents the additional compensation an investor receives over U.S. Treasuries in return for accepting greater risk.) Therefore, the second method of valuing a corporate bond is to evaluate its spread. There are a variety of Bloomberg functions for this, but a good place to start is by typing <YAS> into the terminal. This screen allows you to change inputs such as the price of the bond, the yield of the bond, or the spread to Treasuries of the bond. You can manipulate these inputs until you reach a level at which you think the bond is attractive; this level can then be your target price when attempting to purchase bonds.
Note: If the bond you are interested in is callable, you can use the yield-to-call function (<YTC>) to determine whether you are comfortable holding that bond regardless of whether or not it is called.
The final method of valuing a corporate bond is to compare its pricing with that of its peers. For instance, you might want to compare a five-year Citigroup bond with five-year bonds issued by JP Morgan, Bank of America, and Wells Fargo. You can then use the tools described above to analyze the relative valuations of each of the issuers in order to determine if you're comfortable with the value you are receiving when purchasing the Citigroup bond.
SEE: Callable Bonds: Leading A Double Life
How To Analyze Corporate Bonds With Bloomberg Terminals: Trading Bonds On Bloomberg
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text:
The Tyranny of Oil
The infamy of petroleum's corporate lineage is legend. In most US history courses or textbooks, the measuring stick for corporate greed and unethical largess is the Standard Oil Trust, created by the business genius John D. Rockefeller.
Its unprecedented success was taken on by Progressive reformers in the first decade of the 20th century in an effort to smash its monopoly. Its subsequent breakup by a Supreme Court ruling in 1911 is toted as marking the end of an era and a distant moment in corporate management. Right?
Wrong, answers Antonia Juhasz in her new book The Tyranny of Oil. "[T]he political tyranny exercised by the masters of the oil industry," she writes, "corrupts democracy and destroys our ability to choose how much we will sacrifice in oil's name."
In her stark account of the dominance of "Big Oil," Juhasz shows the industry's graduation from the corporate bullying of Rockefeller's era to its present political and diplomatic dominance.
If you do not wish to read that the current war in Iraq was over oil, steer clear of Juhasz's book. She is masterly at connecting the political and corporate dots to create a clear progression that has, indeed, resulted in a nation willing to wage war over the commodity of petroleum.


text:
» Scottish Premier League 2012-2013 : Results
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Rangers midfielder Nicky Law thinks his former manager at Motherwell, Stuart McCall, would do a good job at Ibrox.
17:03 » BBC SportDundee's Scottish Premiership fixture against league leaders Celtic has been rescheduled for Wednesday, March 18.
15:41 » SkySports.comPOLICE are investigating after an offensive message relating to Aberdeen footballer Shay Logan was circulated online before Sunday's clash at Celtic Park.
14:40 » Scotsman.comCELTIC have struck a bumper new kit deal with US sports giant New Balance.
14:25 » Scotsman.comCeltic manager Ronny Deila reckons his in-form side have what it takes to secure the treble this season.
11:55 » BBC SportA CELTIC fan will be supporting Dundee United at the Scottish Cup clash between the two sides as a tribute to his late brother-in-law.
11:27 » Scotsman.comFeyenoord are exploring the prospect of re-signing Manchester City striker John Guidetti . The Swede is impressing on-loan this season with Celtic and will leave City in the summer. read more
11:22 » tribalfootball.comRonnie Deila admits he will be disappointed if his Celtic side do not win an historic treble this season.
11:14 » EatSleepSportGenk defender Kara Mbodji remains on the radar of Newcastle United . The versatile 25-year-old was a January target for West Ham, West Bromwich Albion and Celtic . read more
09:30 » tribalfootball.com


text:
NEW YORK (CNNMoney.com) -- Investing to make your home more energy efficient may lower the bills, but it may not boost its price, partly because these investments aren't fully valued by appraisers.
"Everyone is talking about return on investment, it's the first thing customers want to know," said Jeff Geoghan, a Coldwell Banker realtor in Lancaster, Penn. "But the appraisal industry is not up to speed on this at all."
Nearly everyone agrees that performing an energy retrofit will make your place more comfortable and save a lot on bills. But if the retrofits don't add value to the home's price, will homeowners make the improvements, regardless of whether or not the government decides to pick up half the tab, as they are considering?
Details have yet to be ironed out and passage is not a sure thing, but it's thought a new jobs initiative being pursued by Democrats in Congress may funnel some $11 billion towards home energy efficiency.
It's designed primarily to put contractors back to work, doing things like adding insulation, caulking windows and doors, and upgrading heating units, air conditioners, hot water heaters and other appliances.
But it would also cut down on pollution, and the monthly savings for homeowners could be substantial.
If passed, homeowners may be eligible for a tax credit worth up to $12,000, or half the cost of the retrofits, which ever is lower.
If a homeowner spends $24,000 and cuts its energy use in half - probably the most ambitions reduction that can reasonably be achieved - it would save the average homeowner $100 a month on their utility bills, said Lane Burt, manager of building energy policy at Natural Resources Defense Council.
If they get $12,000 reimbursed from the government, then payback time would be 10 years. But if people spend that much and sell the house before 10 years, they may be out some money.
Many homeowners would likely opt to spend less, going for the cheapest options that save the most energy. Contractors who perform energy retrofits say most people spend around $6,000 or $7,000, and the payback time is around 5 years.
But assuming the full amount is spent and the savings are $100 a month, that should result in a substantial increase in home's valuation. After all, an extra $100 a month one could put towards a mortgage means an increase of $20,000 on the purchase price for a home, according to a calculation done on a purchase price calculator.
Yet that extra $20,000 does not show up on a home's appraisal.
'It sounds good on paper, but it's just not how the American consumer makes choices," said Geoghan, the realtor. 'If you're buying a house, and you see a furnace has a 95% efficiency rating, are you really going to make your decision based on that?"
Another realtor agreed.
"How much can you really raise the value, maybe few thousand dollars," said Laurie Hassey of the Long Reality Company in Tucson, Ariz. "It's still all based on square footage."
Part of the problem is that many real estate appraisers aren't trained to look for energy efficiency upgrades.
"There are appraisers out there that have extremely minimal education," said Leslie Sellers, president of the the industry association the Appraisal Institute.
Sellers said that about a quarter of all appraisers only have the most basic of qualifications - a level known as a "licensed appraiser." Up until 2008, when the standards were tightened, that meant all they needed was a high school diploma and half a semester of course work.
Sellers said the institute is currently running green certification programs that will teach appraisers how to better value upgrades like efficiency improvements.
Sellers also suggested going with a better trained appraiser - a "certified appraiser" - when getting a home evaluated, even if they cost more money.
Index | Last | Change | % Change |
Dow | 18,132.70 | -81.72 | -0.45% |
Nasdaq | 4,963.53 | -24.36 | -0.49% |
Treasuries | 2.00 | -0.01 | -0.69% |
Company | Price | Change | % Change |
Bank of America Corp... | 15.81 | -0.23 | -1.43% |
Apple Inc | 128.46 | -1.96 | -1.50% |
General Electric Co | 25.99 | 0.10 | 0.39% |
Microsoft Corp | 43.85 | -0.20 | -0.47% |
Chesapeake Energy Co... | 16.68 | -0.52 | -3.02% |
Berkshire Hathaway CEO Warren Buffett released his 50th annual letter to shareholders. The Oracle of Omaha thinks the next 50 years will be great and knows who will replace him. More |
Potential presidential candidate says that improvement in unemployment rate is due to millions of jobless not being counted. More |
With the death of Leonard Nimoy, the actor who played Star Trek's Spock, we remember his character's legacy: The technology we use every day. More |
A social media frenzy about the color of a dress is bringing fame and fortune for one small British fashion company. More |
The top 5 consumer complaints have to do with identity theft, debt collectors, imposters, telephone companies and banks. More |


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Daily Inspiration #142
Posted by Dynnnad • 3748 Views • 38 Replies • FacebookTwitter
Posted by Dynnnad • 3748 Views • 38 Replies • FacebookTwitter
Today's daily inspiration is a selection of very talented artists. Each piece that we've selected is here to help inspire you! We hope you will be inspired to create and enjoy the glory of our selected artwork! If you wish to suggest an artwork that inspires YOU, reply to this topic, or to our updates on http://fb.com/shadowness, or via Twitter to http://twitter.com/shadowness9
You can now follow our Daily Inspiration via RSS at: http://feeds.feedburner.com/Shadowness-Daily-Inspiration
♥ Daily features suggested by :
Photography - /LeonHeart - /HillBillyDeluxe
Film Photography - /khavinsky
Traditional - /snowmask - /kolaboy - /leiko
Graphic Design and Photo Manipulation - /GrohsARTig - /7Shadows
Digital Painting - /Wroth - /Aki - /Martin
Vector - /shebid
♥ Daily Inspiration suggested by :
/Mike - /BlurredEffect - /phatpuppy - /mintyy - /Yolandacheng - /aseo - /Raghveer - /GraphicDude - /Cerah-Art - /timocorpse - /mindwarp2 - /JurgenDoe - /QuakerNinja - /Famz - /Kaios - /Dynnnad - /CreativeOne - /Dragonfly113 - /JenniferCirpici - /PinkPotatoChips - /Garapan
Shadowness puts the "Q" in Quality! Congrats to all of the artists and their art Featured
Jul 26th, 2011 inspire & be inspiredThank you very much for including me..Once again excellent choices!!
Jul 26th, 2011Tankq very much for the Award Again, It's been honored me lots :D
Jul 26th, 2011Thanks Shadowness!
Jul 26th, 2011Awesome feature. Great selection everyone
Jul 26th, 2011Amazing and wonderful features once again .. the best on the net
Jul 26th, 2011 SubscriberSo honored to be among such wonderful artists! Thanks again!
Jul 26th, 2011wow i envy their works.. really awesome...
Jul 26th, 2011Great work everyone! Keep it up!.
This could be the last feature I see for a while but I will be back as soon as I can! :)
superb! muffins down!
Jul 27th, 2011Awesome artwork......very inspiring Congrats :)
Jul 27th, 2011Congratulations to everybody! Awesome selections today.
Jul 27th, 2011thanks for inspiring me! nice works here congrats to everyone
Jul 27th, 2011i really enjoy
Jul 27th, 2011congrats to all :) well done
Jul 27th, 2011Many thanks!!!! :)Is an honor!
Jul 27th, 2011Brilliant!
Jul 27th, 2011Thanks for including my work today!
Jul 27th, 2011thnx for including mine... great collection.. ^_^
Jul 27th, 2011Once again thank you very much for including my work alongside such wonderful talent!
Jul 27th, 2011Congrats to everyone!
Jul 27th, 2011nice! n congrats!
Jul 27th, 2011well done, keep it up
Jul 27th, 2011Congrats, there are nice pieces inside!
Jul 27th, 2011Fantastic collection! Very beautiful! Congratulation to all! Thank you so much!
Jul 27th, 2011Thank you very much for including mine ^^ I feel very honored!! and what a great collection of art. very much inspires me!!
Jul 27th, 2011So many wonderful pieces! Congratulations fo all who got featured and thank you so much for including me.
Jul 27th, 2011Absolutely wonderful. Thank you for including my work!
Jul 28th, 2011What an amazing selection! I feel truly honored to be included.
Jul 29th, 2011


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Boehner to Obama: No debt hike without concessions
WASHINGTON (AP) — The United States moved closer to the possibility of the first-ever default on the government's debt Sunday as Speaker John Boehner adamantly ruled out a House vote on a straightforward bill to boost the borrowing authority without concessions from President Barack Obama.
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For some veterans in Brunswick County, Tuesday was all about telling stories. And with the American Legion Post 503 in Calabash filled with war vets, there were plenty of stories to go around.
Tommy Koester choked up when he read his speech aloud to his veteran comrades on Tuesday.
Having survived World War II as a 3rd Class Navy motor machinist, Koester feels blessed to be a part of history. "You think back, you think back about what has happened, you think about what possibly could happen in the future too. At my age, I just live life one day at a time, and take things as they come," he said.
His good friend Erwin "Bud" Sweetman was with him this Veterans Day. Sweetman is a World War II Army Private, and an avid blood donor. He said he received a blood donation while in war, and it saved his life. Monday, he was honored for donating his 300th pint of blood to the American Red Cross. He said the process of giving blood has come a long way since 1943.
"When they first took the blood, it was on a wooden flat table, and before they took the blood, and you sat up, they gave you a shot of booze," Sweetman said.
Sweetman and Koester met at Post 503 about five years ago. They enjoy looking at photos from when they were eighteen and twenty years old.
On Veterans Day, they can not help but remember all those wonderful friendships they made during wartime.
The biggest difference between Veterans Day and Memorial Day is Veterans Day is to honor those who served and are still living, memorial day is a day to remember those lives lost.


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Due to inclement weather conditions and to protect the safety of our employees, our warehouse and customer service will be closed today. Any calls or emails to customer service will be returned once operations resume. Orders placed today may take 5-7 business days to ship. We value your business and look forward to serving you.
Description: GRACE COMPANY TrueCut Rotary Cutter Replacement Blade. Use this replacement blade with the TrueCut 45mm Rotary Cutter. This package contains one 45mm replacement blade. Imported.
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Clarion Hotel Dublin Liffey Valley Liffey Valley Complex Dublin, 22 Phone: (353) 1 6258000 Fax: (353) 1 6258010 |
Smithfield Chimney
Smithfield Village
Dublin, 7
+353 (0)1 817 3838
Mo to Su from 10:00 AM to 05:00 PM
A curious landmark in the city, this former industrial chimney in the newly revamped Smithfield area now functions as an observation point from which visitors can view the whole of Dublin city, the surrounding countryside and Dublin Bay. A purpose-built glass elevator ascends the chimney to two viewing galleries and while Dublin's skyline is hardly the most spectacular, this is certainly a worthwhile excursion. The chimney is also available for private hire: so if you're considering hosting the reception of all receptions, why not give them a call?Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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Update on sushi in Memphis?
- p
- PapaHarley Aug 18, 2006 06:51 PM
- 5
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Its been about a year since there were any posts about sushi in Memphis and I know there have been some openings and closings. What's the latest recommendation?
Well, I like EDO, on Summer avenue, real family atmosphere and great value, and A-Tan, behind the Perkins at Poplar & Highland. I have also heard good things about Kyoto in Olive Branch.
Sekisui is overpriced for what you get, IMO.
Sadly, Sogo in Horn Lake has closed forever and disappeared.
0 -


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Publisher's Description
+Free Collage maker is another graphical application from Free Picture Solutions. It is a desktop application that makes collages fast and also it has some graphical effects. The good feature of this app is its simplicity which makes it very easy to use. No settings, no configuration and no complicated graphical parameters. You just import your images and add them to main screen and there you go. Apply desired frames, rotate pictures and anything you like to make it ready. The control of the images is also very easy. Just click and hold your mouse on one of four green dots on the image and move your mouse to see how it works. You can also change background picture to a solid color or a custom picture. You can specify your own size to images if you don't like dragging function. There are some effects that you can apply to your images which are very useful. The effects are Brightness, Contrast, Saturation and some more. You can also make your images like old pictures by applying Grayscale effect to them. The Negative effect is also very good for making pictures look artistic. Once you are done with editing, you can save your work to an image file.


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Margaret Colin (born May 26, 1958) is an American actress. She is known for her roles as Margo Hughes on As the World Turns and as Eleanor Waldorf-Rose on Gossip Girl. Wikipedia
Age: 56
Born: 26th May, 1958, Brooklyn, New York, USA
Height: 5' 10¾" (180 cm)
Nationality: American
Claim to Fame: The Devil's Own
Who can be romantically linked to Margaret Colin...and how closely?
Kelly & Cal (2014)
Outcasts in life. Allies in suburbia.
Kelly, a punk-rocker turned suburban mom, is nostalgic for a life she can no longer have and uncertain of a future she doesn't yet fit in...
Two sons with Justin Deas - Sam (b. 1990) and Joseph (b. 1993).
Colin is a pro-life activist and is the honorary co-chair of Feminists for Life, an organization opposed to abortion.
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Area | State | Challenge Acceptance Date |
Original 7/1/1999 Population Estimate |
Revised 7/1/1999 Population Estimate |
Collier County | FL | 3/13/2000 | 207029 | 226072* |
* Collier County successfully challenged their 1998 population estimate, but the results of the 1998 challenge were not incorporated into their original 1999 population estimate. The 1999 population estimate shown here reflects the results of the 1998 challenge.
The Bureau of the Census prepares annual estimates of total population for states, counties and all other units of general purpose government. States, counties and units of local government have the right to challenge the population estimates prepared by the Bureau of the Census under the provisions of Title 15, The Code of Federal Regulations, Part 90.
The regulations set out in 15 C.F.R. Ch. 1 Part 90 apply to any state or local government challenging Bureau of the Census estimates. Some of the more significant provisions are as follows:
A state or local government can request from the Bureau of the Census information about how to challenge their population estimate and the components used to derive the population estimate for their jurisdiction for the most recent year. Governments interested in this information may contact Population Division by telephone or letter:
Population Estimates Branch
U.S. Bureau of the Census
Federal Building 3, Room 2011
Washington, D.C. 20233
Telephone: (301) 457-2380
The materials mailed to the locality include appendices containing descriptions of the methodologies used in preparing county and subcounty population estimates. We also show the derivation of current year population estimates for a hypothetical county and local government.
If a governmental unit wishes to challenge a population estimate prepared by the Bureau of the Census, the governmental unit's chief executive officer or highest elected official can initiate the challenge process for that governmental unit by:
Chief, Population Division
Bureau of the Census
Washington, D.C. 20233
Attention: Population Estimates Branch
The Chief, or the Chief's designee shall review the challenge, the evidence supporting the challenge, and shall attempt to resolve the challenge.
In any instance, in which a local government and the Bureau of the Census cannot resolve a challenge through the informal procedures described above, the governmental unit may file a formal challenge.


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Easter devotions are here! Sign up for our Lent and Easter email devotions.
captives or cattle or objects of value taken in war. In Canaan all that breathed were to be destroyed (Deut. 20: 16). The "pictures and images" of the Canaanites were to be destroyed also (Num. 33:52). The law of booty as to its division is laid down in Num. 31:26-47. David afterwards introduced a regulation that the baggage-guard should share the booty equally with the soldiers engaged in battle. He also devoted of the spoils of war for the temple (1 Sam. 30:24-26; 2 Sam. 8:11; 1 Chr. 26:27).


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I would throw the winning percentages out the door. I am trying to ever remember a FT team that played as weak of a non-conference schedule that we play now. We were 11-2 this year before the B1G season started, and both of our losses were to the only ranked teams we played. On the other hand, I would give credence to the B1G winning percentage though for Matta. I voted Taylor but think it is a toss-up.
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Couldn't agree more - Warriner is the MVP.
Can't be an OSU team without Lucas!
C - Oden
F - Lucas
F - Sullinger
G - Conley
G - Havilcek
1. Trouble with the curve
2. Outlaw Josey Wales
3. Heartbreak Ridge
4 .Dirty Harry
5. Gran Torino
...it's the TCU fans that have been unbearable! I said before the final rankings came out that I'd be ok with Baylor being ranked 4th - but not TCU - TCU did not win the Big 12 no matter how you cut it - Baylor did.
I agree - after hearing the Bama fans on posts over the last several years, they are now mostly very respectful and giving credit where credit is due.
Glad you came to OSU. Look forward to you and the rest of our linebacker core light it up for the next 4 years.
Regardless - this is still a better team than it was 2 months ago. Didn't realize they were only 5-13 on FT's.
Me too! um would like nothing better and they will be ready. The atmosphere will be crazy.
I agree - the one thing I have noticed in the um since UFM has been here is that we play conservatively at least on one side of the ball. um has had nothing to lose and pulled out all of the stops. We will need to play aggressively on both sides of the ball for the entire game. In 2012 our offense was very passive, in 2013, it was our defense. Last year we seemed to play conservatively the first half and then opened it up. We can't let them hang around - especially not next year, Harbaughs first, in aa. Shades of 1969...we need to be the living crap out of them.
I've hears so much about there top 10 recruiting classes - but when you start to look at the actual talent, I really wonder. They got the top running back in the country in 2013 (Green) whom we turned down for Elliott, Morris at QB looks terrible, the OLine, and a few others. Given the coaching situation in aa, I really wonder just how good the classes were?
Especially after telling Weber he would be the only running back in the um class this year.
I really think had BM been healthy this year, you would have seen something special. I don't think he ever really had all of the weapons around him like we had this year. And kudo's to Tom Hermann --- but AFTER THE VT GAME, but up until that point in his OSU career, I don't think his play calling did BM any favors. I think his play calling put BM in the position to have to make a big play. After VT, our play calling really changed - TH was calling the same games right up until VT and then after that, you could see the offense start to try and utilize more of our weapons, and open games with conservative passing to get the QB some confidence. Buckeye QB's will be just fine. Hermann did a great job this year, but he improved along with our offense and defense.
Lost in all of this is the reason Weber chose OSU at the last minute - Harbaugh told him he was the only running back being taken - NOT - oh what a tangled web he weaves...
Watched it twice!
Agree also.
Have been watching the Buckeyes for a long time (since 1965) and they have some very big wins - but maybe none as big as this one.
No they don't - any coach worth their salt (See Ed Warriner - Kansas State this year) is ripe for a promotion. Can't believe KSU didn't hire Warriner - but should we be telling everyone that? NO WAY!
The more you hear - It doesn't make any sense. I think this is all Weber generated. He chose OSU, is taking major flack, and now regrets it and this is the only way he can save face. First he commits to UM, then he decommits and commits to OSU, then he takes a secret visit to um, then he plays up the drama of a midnight LOI day signing, commits to OSU because he was told he'd be the only back in um's class, then an OSU coach leaves and he's upset about that. Take the high road and let him out of his LOI. We do not need this kid in any way shape or form. He sounds like Mike Harts little brother.
Have to disagree a little bit about performing miracles- watching Zeke, Hyde, Wells, Clarett, or Archie for that matter run, to name a few, had little to do with training or coaching - you either have it or you don't. For the great running backs, I'd say it is about 85% natural ability, and 15% blocking. These guys listed above would get you 3 or 4 yards even when there was no visible hole.
Like someone else wrote above - this drama is not worth it - let him go if he wants.
100% agree - go to Weber - and say "If you think you were mislead, we will rip up your LOI and you can sign with whoever you want."
Sure there is more to the story than this. If so, I hope UFM gets out in front of it.
Have been following the Bucks since 1965 - nothing comes close to this season. 1968 was pretty awesome - but tinged a little with 69. I hope we had a few more NC's to the record but it will be hard to top this one.
This class is exactly what we need as long as we have Burrow and several excellent Oline and DLine commits.


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The Best and Worst Reviewed Games of 2013
December 18, 2013 - 2013 had some great games - no doubt about it. But WOOOO DOGGY were there some disasters, too.
Games You May Like
- Adventure
- Wii
Terror returns with Fatal Frame 2: Crimson Butterfly. his time the terrifying journey takes you to a whole new creepy setting:an abandoned…
Playing as Ama Terasu, a sun god who takes on the form of a wolf, your
goal is to bring life back to a lifeless world.
Silent Hill: Shattered Memories is a complete re-imaging of the first chapter in the adventure game series.
Take charge of a band of mercenaries and journey with them into an epic and cinematic adventure in The Last Story for Wii.
The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword introduces full motion control enabled by the Wii MotionPlus accessory, which synchronizes player…
A unique title in Nintendo's beloved adventure franchise, utilizing the powers of the Wii controller for all-new ways to explore Hyrule.


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Release Date:
May 27, 2008
Date Published:
May 27, 2008
Listen to Stan Sanderson on Web Talk Radio as he explains the meaning of his book, the Big Lie. Bringing Joy to Material Success! Stan Sanderson, founder of the Spiritual Coach Program, says that many successful people feel this way. He calls the cause of emerging from a lifelong journey of success that is void of true fulfillment 'The Big Lie.' As Sanderson explains in this timely and hope-filled book, you've been buying into the Big Lie your whole life. This doctrine teaches that happiness comes from things, status, and outside validation--and Sanderson breaks down the phenomenon as it pertains to your life and offers his 7 Spiritual Strategies to help you integrate your material gains with spiritual rewards. The result? You will recognize the detrimental effects of the Big Lie and begin to enjoy the blessings of all that has been missing in your life! While you have been fortunate in gaining ground in career, wealth, status, and materialism, Sanderson offers you the guidance to transform this type of success into a much deeper, more spiritual, more connected success that will complement your spirit and help you discover true joy, happiness, and freedom beyond material success.
You've accomplished a lot. Achieved success in your career, acquired many of your most desired possessions, scratched a number of your itches, and fulfilled most of your earlier dreams. You're well on your way to where you have been trying to be for so long, and now your question is, Why do I continue to feel that something is missing?
- Genre: Self Improvement, Religion + Beliefs
- Subgenre: Personal Growth / Success, Spiritual, Motivational + Inspirational, Personal Growth / Happiness, General
- Language: English
- Author: Stan Sanderson
other Info.
- Online Item #: 12175669
- Store Item Number (DPCI): 248-40-2897
- Item can be gift wrapped.
- Made in the USA or Imported


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"The harder you work, the luckier you get." by Gary Player
Below is the poem entitled You Killed Me which was written by poet Summer Uchacz. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
Read Poems by Summer Uchacz
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You killed me You ripped my heart Right out of my chest And stabbed it Right then and there You kill me Why? Is what I would like to ask Why kill me? When there are others Others you treated you bad But why? Honestly I'm grateful You did What I've tried to do For 3 months You killed me Thank you


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Monday, November 25, 2013
New Zealand broke England's heart with a last-gasp converted try to edge their gripping Rugby League World Cup semifinal 20-18 at Wembley Stadium on Saturday.
Monday, November 18, 2013
New Zealand was forced to dig deep before beating England 30-22 to maintain its 100 percent record in 2013 while Australia's end-of-year resurgence continued with a 32-15 win in Ireland on Saturday.
Sunday, November 17, 2013
New Zealand overran a spirited Scotland 40-4 to reach the Rugby League World Cup semifinals on Friday.
Monday, November 11, 2013
New Zealand barely hung on to beat France 26-19 on Saturday to remain undefeated in test rugby this year and lower the Tricolors for an eighth successive time.
Sunday, November 3, 2013
An unusually sloppy New Zealand continued their unbeaten run this season with an eight-try 54-6 victory over a combative and tenacious Japan side in their rugby test at Prince Chichibu Memorial Stadium on Saturday.


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However, there are only 4 runs a day (free bus), though they also run another route to the Lake from Obihiro (but that route has many stops along the way and not free).
If you stay at any of the 2 hotels there (HOtel Fusui or Hotel Fukuhara), you can get free transport from Obihiro to the hotel as well (next to the lake)
More information here at the bus company website:
Free Sightseeing Bus: http://www.takubus.com/kohanbus.pdf
Regular Bus:http://www.takubus.com/sinsika.pdf
However, you'll need to be able to read Japanese to understand it.
the time schedule for the free sightseeing bus (4x per day), which JR station is Ohibiro the 1st one or 2nd one (i'm referring to the 1st row from JR station to the Lake)? I can read minimal kanji.
I"m staying at hotel Fukuhara but i can't get any info from them regarding the free shuttle bus service that they provide so i guess i'm stuck with this sightseeing bus.
thanks so much
shintoku is the 2nd JR station.
Here's the free shuttle schedule i found on the hotel's website:
Shintoku JR - Hotel Fukuhara:
1. Dep 1:10 PM - Arr 2:00 PM2. Dep 3:15 PM - Arr 4:05 PM
Hotel Fukuhara - Shintoku JR:
1. Dep 10:10 AM - 11:00 AM2. Dep 2:10 PM - 3:00 PM
You have reserve the bus at least 3 days in advance with the hotel. I think their front desk should have some ppl who can speak a little bit of English.
I think it might be better to go with the hotel shuttle b/c I'm not sure where the Taku Bus dropoff at Shikaribetsu is. Might require a light walk and it would be hassle carrying all that luggage.
Actually i am just going to Hokkaido for the first time myself, so I have yet to experience either Shikaribetsu or Sounkyo.
I personally thought that Shikaribetsu Kotan is more unique, given that everything is built on ice. I was gonna go in my upcoming trip (which is why I know about how to get there), but I had to can it in the end coz i just couldn't fit it in.
However, the scenary in Sounkyo is pretty breathtaking I heard.
As for getting to Sounkyo from Shikaribetsu, it depends on where you'll be staying at Sounkyo. If you're staying at Sounkaku Grand Hotel, they have a free shuttle bus ("North Liner Mikumi Bus")between Obihiro and the hotel:
Dep: Obihiro Bus Touch Info Desk(just across from Obihiro Bus Terminal) at 14:30
See here for details (scroll down for Obihiro departure): http://www.sounkaku.co.jp/access_e/bus.html
To get to Obihiro from Shikaribetsu, either take free hotel shuttle bus or Taku Bus (link provided above) to Shintoku JR (then take JR to Obihiro) or to Obihiro JR and walk to bus terminal.
If your hotel does not provide free transport (such info should be available on hotel's official website), then you'll have to take the JR from Shintoku station (closest to Shikaribetsu) to Kamikawa station. From Kamikawa, you'll have to take a bus to the Sounkyo Onsen area and then look for your hotel. I would think most big hotels provide some sort of pick-up or shuttle bus service - check with them.
Hope this helps.
Dep times are 9:30 and 14:30.
Fare per adult is 2,200 (free if you stay at Sounkaku Hotel - but you must reserve through the hotel in advance and pick up the tix at the bus station before you leave).
If you are buying the fare yourself, you'll need to make reservation: +81-155-31-8811.
The website says 30days in a advance, but i think you can try to make it now.
You'll arrive at the Sounkyo Bus station - where you can have your hotel pick you up (i'm sure they all have free shuttle bus services).
The bus ride takes a little over 2 hours.
check out the websitehttp://www.snowtomamu.jp/winter/english/icevillage/fram...
from Shintoku station ü@13:10 15:15 from Hotel to station 10:10 14:10
This hotel is good, the room is nice and cosy. The onsen is fantastic. We love the place as it is quiet and peaceful.