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US 3850368 A Abstract A method and apparatus for the centrifugal compaction of particulate material in which the particulate material is admixed with a liquid to form a slurry and is then placed in a chamber and centrifuged about a main axis to cause the material to compact into a discrete body. A particular feature of the invention is to be found in the fact that the chamber in which the slurry is contained during compacting is caused to rotate about an axis inclined to the main axis so that the particulate material is agitated and thereby nests intimately together during the centrifuging operation thereby resulting in workpieces significantly more dense than can be arrived at by simple centrifuging or even by pressing.
Claims available in Description (OCR text may contain errors) United States Patent 1191 Boeckeler APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGAL COMPACTION [75] Inventor: Benjamin Clark Boeckeler, Greensburg, Pa. [73] Assignee: Kennametal lnc., Latrobe, Pa. [22] Filed: Feb. 12, 1973 [21] Appl. No.: 331,792 [52] US. Cl 233/25, 233/26, 259/57, 425/430 [51] Int. Cl B04b 9/08 [58] Field of Search 425/434, 435, 430; 233/23 R, 24, 25, 26; 259/57; 210/380 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 697,255 4/1902 Kaczorowski 233/25 X 934,833 9/1909 Parker v 233/26 1,011,929 12/1911 Ecaubert.. 233/25 2,961,703 11/1960 Pinotti 425/430 3,199,775 8/1965 Drucker 233/25 3,722,789 3/1973 Kennedy 233/26 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 16,313 0/1969 Japan ..233/26 Primary ExaminerGeorge H. Krizmanich Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Melvin A. Crosby 5 7 ABSTRACT A method and apparatus for the centrifugal compaction of particulate material in which the particulate material is admixed with a liquid to form a slurry and is then placed in a chamber and centrifuged about a main axis to cause the material to compact into a discrete body. A particular feature of the invention is to be found in the fact that the chamber in which the slurry is contained during compacting is caused to retate about an axis inclined to the main axis so that the particulate material is agitated and thereby nests intimately together during the centrifuging operation thereby resulting in workpieces significantly more dense than can be arrived at by simple centrifuging or even by pressing. 7 Claims, 11 Drawing Figures H6 z I 1 Pmmmuvzelau SHEET 20F 3 FIG-2 OQo li lli l :OOOOOOOj I I I Moo/000001 II I r FIG-I l FIG-9 ZIO' APPARATUS FOR CENTRIFUGAL COMPACTION The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the centrifugal compaction of granular or particulate materials. Granular or particulate or powdered materials are employed for the making of ceramic articles and also for the making of articles from metals and the like. The use of granular material is of benefit, in some cases, for reasons of economy, because the workpiece formed by the compacting operation can be formed nearly to size and shape thereby eliminating expensive machining operations. In other cases, as in the case of some ceramics and cermets and certain metals, the product is so difficult to machine that it is highly uneconomical to attempt to form the article by any other method than by the compaction of powders. Ceramic articles fall into this class, as do articles formed of hard metallic carbides. A characteristic of the harder materials is that the particles or powders, which are employed for the manufacture thereof, are quite often jagged in nature, having points and sharp edges thereon, so that no simple compacting method will bring the powders into such intimate relation that all bridging of the particles on each other, which produces voids and flaws, is greatly reduced and, in most cases, completely eliminated. Lubricants are usually employed in respect of such powders to assist in the free movement of the particles relative to each other during compaction, but even in the presence of a lubricant, the jagged particles from which carbide materials and ceramic materials are made will tend to form bridges between particles, with voids and flaws resulting. With the foregoing in mind, it is a particular object of the present invention to provide an improved method and apparatus for effecting the compaction of powdered materials which will result in the formation of workpieces which are more uniformly compacted and more dense than have been attainable heretofore by known practices. A particular object of the present invention is the provision of a method and apparatus for compacting particulate materials in which the compacting force on the materials is developed in a centrifuge. Still another object is the provision of a method and apparatus for centrifuging particulate material into a condition of compaction which develops simultaneous controlled agitation of the materials together with motion between particles relative to each other at the time of compaction and which results in a superior uniformity and density of the final product. These and other objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon reference to the detailed specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic perspective view showing one form of centrifuging apparatus according to the present invention utilizing two flasks with one shown in outwardly swung position and the other in vertical position. FIG. 2 is a plan view of the centrifuge shown in FIG. I with one of the flasks thereof hanging vertically and the other shown in swung out position. FIG. 3 is a partial vertical section through the centrifuging apparatus showing one side thereof and is indicated by line IIIIII on FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a vertical section through one of the flasks of the apparatus showing the construction thereof and the member inside the flask forming the material receiving chamber. FIG. 5 is a fragmentary perspective view showing one form which the clutch can take for connecting a drive to the chambers in the flasks. FIG. 6 is a fragmentary sectional view showing one form which the brake can take which is associated with the drive for the chambers in the flasks. FIG. 7 is a sectional view like FIG. 4 but shows a modified arrangement of the flask and chamber. FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating the manner in which the arrangement of FIG. 4 functions. FIG. 9 is a schematic view like FIG. 8 but shows the manner in which the modification of FIG. 7 functions. FIG. 10 shows a modification in which the cross sectional area of the cavities is relatively small and the cavities are inclined to the axis of the flask to obtain substantial action in the liquid contents in the cavities; FIG. 11 is a sectional view schematically illustrating a flask having a mold member therein for producing a complex shape. BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The present invention discloses a centrifuge in which flasks are mounted on a structure rotatable on a main axis by means of trunnions so that the flasks will be swingable radially with respect to the main axis. When the main axis is vertical, as is usually the case, the flasks will swing outwardly at the bottom when the rotating structure is driven in rotation. This arrangement permits the flasks to be loaded from the top and for the centrifugal action to impel the material being compacted toward the bottoms of the flasks which, when the rotary structure is rotating, will be radially outermost. The material to be compacted is granular and is admixed with a liquid to form a slurry. The liquid has a lower specific gravity than the particles admixed therewith and, when the rotary structure rotates. the centrifugal force acting on the particles will cause them to migrate in the radially outwardly direction and thereby to become compacted. The liquid contains a lubricant and a binding agent so that the particles will slide on one another during compaction and remain in position at the end of the compacting operation thereby to form a discrete body which can be removed from the flask and manually handled. A particular feature of the present invention is in the provision of an inner chamber in the flask which is rotatable therein and which, when the flask is swung outwardly to its outermost position, is inclined to the horizontal and is driven in rotation. By rotating the inner chamber as the rotary structure rotates, a sort of tumbling action is produced on the particles within the chamber which effectively breaks down bridges in the material and assists in causing the particles to rest closely together so that a higher degree of compaction of the material is obtained that can be obtained by simply centrifuging the material. After the material is compacted into a discrete body. it is removed from the chamber and is then dried and sintered to form a solid member. It has been found that articles made according to the invention disclosed herein are markedly more free of pits and voids than compacted granular workpieces made by other methods, including straight centrifuging methods and dry pressing methods, and are more dense thereby leading to a superior end product for most purposes. As mentioned, the main axis about which centrifuging takes place is usually vertical, as a matter of convenience, but may be disposed at any angle. When the main centrifuging axis is at an angle other than vertical, the angle of the axis of rotation of the flasks is inclined at an angle to a plane perpendicular to the main axis. In any case, the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation of the flasks can be quite small or quite large, say, as small as 1 or as large as 89. In practice, an angle of about has been found to be satisfactory. The speed of rotation of the chamber in the flask is preferably only a fraction of the speed of the rotation of the rotary structure and is sufficient to provide for the aforementioned tumbling action of the particles until the particles commence to compact in the radially outer end of the chamber. The speed of rotation of the chamber is not sufficient to disturb the compacted particles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Referring to the drawings somewhat more in detail and with particular reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, the centrifuging apparatus will be seen to comprise a drive mechanism generally indicated at 10 which is disposed inside a large circumferential shield member 10a. Mounted on the upper end of the output shaft of the drive mechanism 10 is a plate 11 forming the central member of a rotary structure which also comprises laterally extending spaced parallel bars 12 secured to plate 11, as by cap screws 14, and notched at 16 so as to engage the edges of the plate 11. Bars 12 form the arms of the centrifuge. The rotary structure rotates on a vertical main axis but, as mentioned previously, the main axis could be at any other angle. Toward their outer ends, the arms are provided with laterally aligned bores in which bushings 18 are mounted and which bushings rotatably receive trunnions 20 of support rings 22. Each support ring 22 is adapted for receiving a cylindrical flask member 24 from above with each flask member having a flange 26 at its upper end to engage the upper side of the respective ring 22. It will be appreciated that the centers of gravity of flasks 24 are disposed substantially lower than the horizontal pivot axes defined by the respective trunnions 20 of the pertaining support rings so that, when the rotary structure of the centrifuge rotates, the flasks will swing outwardly at their lower ends. As the centrifuge slows to a halt, however, the flasks return to a vertical position thereby providing for free access to the upper ends thereof for receiving the material to be centrifuged. In F IGS. 1 and 2, the right hand flask is shown in the dependent position it will occupy when the rotary structure is at rest whereas the left hand flask is swung outwardly to the position which it will occupy when the rotary structure is rotating. Each of the bars 12 of the centrifuge arms on top thereof near the outer end and radially outwardly from the position of trunnions 20 is provided with an elongated upwardly opening notch 28 that receives the downwardly thickened region at the inner end of a respective one of a pair of spaced parallel arms 30 which are fixedly secured to bars 12 as by cap screws 32. On the lower sides of arms 30, at the outer ends thereof, are formed the downwardly opening inclined slots 34 in which pair of which is seated a member 36 extending transversely of the said arms and fixed thereto as by cap screws 38. The central portion of each member 36 is recessed, as at 40, and mounted therein is an arcuate cushion member 42 made, for example, of Teflon or the like. As will be seen at the left side of FIGS. 1 and 2, the cushion member 42 is arranged to engage the lower finished circumference 44 of the respective flask when the flask swings outwardly thereby to stop the respective flask with the longitudinal axis thereof inclined to the horizontal and, specifically, downwardly with respect to the horizontal. More generally, the flasks are halted with the axes thereof inclined to a plane perpendicular to the main centrifuging axis. As will be seen in FIG. 4, each flask comprises a relatively thick walled cylindrical member 50 closed at the bottom by a plate 54. Resting on plate 54 is a bearing support plate 56 having a cavity in which is mounted the outer race 58 of a thrust bearing which has an inner race 60 and a tapered rollers 62 interposed between the races. Inner race 60 is adapted for receiving a pintle or stub shaft 64 formed on the bottom of a further support plate 66 which has a cylindrical bore 68 in the upper side thereof. Cylindrical bore 68 is adapted for receiving the pintle or stub shaft portion 70 formed on the bottom of a cylindrical member 72 disposed in flask 24 and coaxial therewith and forming the chamber which is to receive the material to be compacted. Cylindrical member 72 extends to near the top of the flask and is adapted for having the upper end thereof closed by a closure cap 74 held in place by cap screws 76. The upper end of flask 24 comprises a bearing support ring 78 held in place in the upper end of member 50 as by radial set screws 80. Ring 78 supports the radial bearing 82 which fits about the enlarged portion 84 formed on the upper end of cylindrical member 72. It will be noted that between the lower end of enlarged portion 84 and the upper end of an upstanding annular lip 86 of ring 78 there is a substantial amount of axial clearance so that cylindrical member 72 is always supported on the thrust bearing at the bottom thereof and even conditions of high load at high centrifuging speeds will not close the aforementioned gap. The inside of cylindrical member 72 may itself receive the material to be compacted but it is more advantageous to form the member 72 to a size larger than the piece to be made and to insert in member 72 a mold member 88, which can be formed of epoxy resin, for example. Mold members 88 is preferably provided with a filmlike liner member 90 of any suitable material, such as polyvinyl alcohol, and it is into this member that the slurry 92 consisting of the granular or particulate material to be compacted and the liquid vehicle therefor is placed. The mold member 88 may have a single cavity therein or it may have a plurality of cavities. Further, two or more mold members may be placed in member 72 in end to end relation. Thus, a single article can be made in each flask or a plurality of members can be made in each flask. The particulate material may consist of any sort of granular material including that which is used to form ceramics as well as any type of powdered metal and may also consist of such material as hard metal carbides and a binder metal therefor. In respect of the hard metal carbides, for example, the carbide may be tungsten carbide or titanium carbide or tungsten titanium carbide and the binder material may consist of any of several types of metals, or alloys, or combinations thereof such as cobalt, nickel, molybdenum, iron and other known binder materials. All such materials are finely ground prior to compaction according to practices well known in the art. A particular characteristic of carbide particles is that they are often somewhat dendritic in nature with sharp edges and points and thus do not slide free upon one another. Accordingly, in the compacting of such materials, whether by dry pressing, or by centrifuging while suspended in a slurry, the particles tend to engage each other in less than fully nested position and form bridges which can show up as pronounced flaws in the finished product. The liquid in which the particles are suspended to form the slurry includes a lubricant such as paraffin wax to facilitate the sliding of the particles on one another but even in the presence of a lubricant, as the particles begin to compact into a small space, the aforementioned bridging effect will begin to take place. The disrupting of such bridges during the compacting operation is, therefore, a highly desirable objective to achieve. The structure of the present invention is specifically designed to prevent the fomiation of such bridges in the material during compacting by creating controlled agitation in the material during compaction which will promote the nesting of the particles together but without, however,,in any way interfering with the formation of a discrete body which can be handled when it is removed from the centrifuge. As was pointed out above, the flask in its outwardly swung position has the axis inclined to a plane perpendicular to the main axis and for this reason the axis of inner member 72 is also so inclined and by rotating this member in the flask while the rotary structure of the centrifuge is rotating, sufficient agitation of the particles within the chamber is created to cause the intimate nesting together of the particles and to prevent the formation of the bridges referred to. Rotation of the inner member in the flask is accomplished by a clutch arrangement provided on the inner member which couples with a drive therefore when the flask is swung to its outermost position. This clutch arrangement can take any of several forms but for the purpose of the present disclosure will be seen to comprise a pair of drive pins 100 extending axially outwardly from the upper end of top closure member 74 of inner member 72. Pins 100 are tapered on the end and are yieldably supported in the axial direction. Drive pins 100 are adapted for cooperation with a pair of drive lugs 102 mounted on the end of a shaft 104 supported by bearings 106 in a bracket 108 carried by plate 11 and fixed thereto by screws 109. The lugs 102 are tapered inwardly to permit pins 100 to cam thereover, if necessary. Lugs 102 are spaced apart so as to define a central slot 112 and, when starting the centrifuge, shaft 104 is rotated till lugs 102 are horizontal and the respective inner member 72 is rotated so that drive pins 100 will be in the vertical radial plane of the slot so that, when the flask swings outwardly on its trunnions, one of the drive pins will pass through slot 112 and, thereafter, when shaft 104 is set into motion, the lugs 102 will engage drive pins and drive inner member 72 in rotation in flask 24. It will be apparent that other types of clutching arrangements could be employed and that the important thing in respect of the clutch is to establish a driving connection to the inner member 72 for each flask. at least, when the respective flask is swung to outermost position. Each shaft 104 is connected by a universal joint (FIGS. 1, 2) with a respective shaft 113, and each of which is connected by a further universal joint l 14 with a respective slow speed output shaft 116 of a speed reducer 118 which has an input shaft 120 arranged on the axis of rotation of the rotary structure of the centrifuge. Shaft 120 carries one element 122 (FIG. 6) of a brake mechanism which has another element 124 slidably keyed to a shaft 126 stationarily supported by a member 128. Element 124 of the brake is connected to a lever 130 which is normally biased by spring 132 in a direction to disengage the brake elements. Also connected with lever 130 is the armature of a solenoid-armature arrangement 134 which, upon energization, will overcome the bias of spring 132 and move the brake elements 122 and 124 into an operative engagement with each other. When the centrifuge is started, the solenoid is deenergized and the brake elements are disengaged and input shaft 120 rotates with the rotary structure of the centrifuge. However, after flasks have swung to their outermost position thereby bringing drive pins 100 into operative relation relative to lugs 102, the solenoid is energized and this will cause the elements of the brake to engage and to hold input shaft 120 against rotation which will, in turn, cause rotation of the output shafts 116 relative to the rotary structure of the centrifuge whereby the inner members 72 of the flasks will be driven in rotation. In an arrangement wherein the distance from the center of rotation of the rotary structure of the centrifuge to the trunnions for the flasks is about 10 k inches, and the bottoms of the flasks are spaced about 10 inches from the trunnions, the rotary structure might rotate at a speed of from, say, 600 to 800 revolutions per minute while the drive to the chambers or inner members in the flasks will cause rotation thereof at, say, from about 15 to 25 revolutions per minute. The inclination of the flasks from the horizontal is illustrated in the drawings at 15, but the exact amount of inclination of the flask can be varied considerably, say, from 1 to 89, and the benefits derived from the practice of the present invention may be realized. A suitable angle of inclination of the flasks which can easily be arrived at might, for example, be as little as 10 or as much as 20. Further, the particular angle of inclination of the flask is, at least in part, determined by the manner in which the inner member forming the material chamber is arranged therein. In FIG. 4, the inner member 72 is coaxial with the outer member 50 forming the body of the flask and under these circumstancesan angle of inclination of 15 has been found to be satisfactory. In a modified form which the apparatus can take, as shown in FIG. 7, the trunnion mounted flask, indicated generally at 150, can be permitted to swing outwardly to a substantially horizontal position because the inner chamber member therein, indicated generally at 152, is inclined relative to the axis of the flask. This is accomplished by mounting inner member 152 in a frame consisting of an upper plate 154, a lower plate 156, tie bolts 158 connecting plates 154 and 156 and with member 152 supported on the plates in inclined relation, on suitable support bearings which permit rotation of inner member 152. The plates 154 and 156 are receivable in flask 150 and will support inner member 152 in the illustrated inclined position therein. As before, inner member 152 has an element 160 of a disengageable clutch thereon so that when the flask is in its outwardly swung position, the inner member is automatically coupled to a drive so that the inner member can be driven in rotation thereby. FIG. 8 schematically illustrates the manner in which a flask 200 is stopped at an inclined position with the axis about below the horizontal. Flask 200 has an inner container 202 therein containing slurry 204. When the centrifuge is rotating at high speed, the radially inner surface of the body of slurry in inner container 202 is substantially vertical as shown by line 206. As the inner container is rotated within the flask, the slurry will continuously shift therein to maintain the surface plane at 206 thereby causing relative motion of the particles in the slurry and the nesting together thereof described previously and leading to the high degree of compaction referred to. FIG. 9 illustrates the manner in which the modification of FIG. 7 can operate and wherein flask 208 is swung out substantially horizontal position while inner container 210 is in an inclined position due to its support within the flask. When inner container 210 is rotated on its axis, the same agitating action on the slurry therein will be obtained as was described in connection with FIG. 8. In FIG. 10, flask 212 has therein an inner container 214 within which is mounted mold members having the relatively small diameter cavities 216 therein. Flask 212 is stopped with its axis about 15 below the horizontal and with the flask stopped at this angle and the centrifuge in operation, rotation of the inner container will bring about a substantial movement of the slurry within the individual cavities 216. FIG. 11 illustrates somewhat schematically one of the particular advantages to be realized from the centrifugal compacting of particulate material according to the present invention. In FIG. 11, a flask 230 is provided with an inner member 232 which may, for example, consist of epoxy resin or the like. Within the cavity in member 232 is a further member 234 having a relatively complex cavity therein and in which the slurry to be compacted is placed. After centrifuging the slurry to its desired degree of compaction of the particulate material therein, member 234 is removed from member 232 and the free liquid on top of the compacted body in member 234 is poured off. By forming member 234 of a material such as polyvinyl alcohol which can be dissolved completely away from the body therein by water and the body can then be sintered according to standard practices. Polyvinyl alcohol has been mentioned because it will dissolve in the water and can be recovered for reuse, but it will be understood that other materials having different solvents can be employed for this purpose. The important thing is that the material forming the mold cavity be strong enough to maintain the shape of the cavity during centrifuging and thereafter be releasable from the compacted body without imposing any strains on the body, as well as being impervious to solvent or chemical action of the liquid used to form the slurry. In respect of powders pressed by conventional pressing techniques, and even when hydrostatically compacted at pressures up to 50,000 psi, the shrinkage of the compacted body which takes placeupon sintering will range from about 19.4 to 19.6 percent. The same carbide powders when compacted as disclosed in the present application had shrinkage factors as low as 14.5 percent without hydrostatic compacting and as low as 13.6 percent when hydrostatically compacted at about 35,000 pounds per square inch. Further, the pits and flaws in sintered compacts made as disclosed in the present application were extremely low as compared to the pit and flaw count in compacts made according to standard practices, for example, by dry compacting. Specific examples of the practice of the present invention are given below. EXAMPLE I Pcrchlorocthylene 100.00 milliliters (Sunoco 3420) A Paraffin Wax having a melting point of about 137 degrees Fahrenheit (Sun Oil Co.) 0.90 grams (Elvax 260) Vinyl Resin in the form of a Copolymer of Ethylene and Vinyl Acetate. (E. l. DuPont dc Nemours and Co.) (Arquad 2075) A Dialkyl Quaternary Ammonium Chloride derived from a fatty acid. (Armour Industrial Chemical Co.) 1.80 grams 3.40 grams This vehicle solution has a gel point of about 65 F. The above liquid vehicle solution was then mixed with the tungsten carbide powder in the porportion of milliliters of solution to 1 kilogram of powder. The resulting slurry was then charged to a tungsten carbide lined jar mill and milled for 3 days at 1 15 F. It was then ready to be centrifuged to form compacts. The centrifuging flask used is illustrated in FIG. 4 of this application. The mold member shown (88 in the drawings) was made of epoxy resin and the cavity therein was 2 Vs inches diameter by 10 inches in depth. The film-like liner member (90 in the drawingslwith which the cavity was lined was made of polyvinyl alcohol. Upon completion of milling, the slurry was poured into the polyvinyl alcohol liner member contained inside the cavity and centrifuged for 20.75 hours total time at 95 F. During centrifuging, the rotational speed about the main axis of rotation was 530 revolutions per minute producing a force of 177 times G, the acceleration of gravity. During this period the flask was rotated about its axis at 53 revolutions per minute for a period of hours and was not rotated during the final period of centrifuging. Upon completion of centrifuging, the powder compact together with the polyvinyl alcohol liner member in which it was encased was removed from the cavity of the mold member. The compact and polyvinyl alcohol liner member were then moistened with water and allowed to stand until the liner member softened and disintegrated sufficiently to be stripped from the compact without causing any surface damage or pluck out. This was done at ambient temperature and took about /2 hour. The compact was then dried at 160 F. for about 36 hours. The compact was then cut into test pieces; in some cases it was isostatically hydropressed before cutting into test pieces. Test pieces were then sintered at about 200 microns TABLE I TRANSVERSE RUPTURE STRENGTH IN LBS. PER SQ. IN./l000 Method Used Conventional Centrifugal Compaction Compaction Lowest Value 271 340 Highest Value 384 445 Average Value 337 403 TABLE II MACRO PIT AND FLAW COUNT Method Used Conventional Centrifugal Compaction Compaction Total Pits and Flaws per 100 square inches .002 inches and larger in diameter 41.8 0.9 .004 inches and larger in diameter 9.0 0.0 Total Area Examined square inches 134.0 1 15.5 It will be noted that the transverse rupture strength of the samples made by centrifugal compaction according to the present invention and the pit and flaw count are both substantially improved over the values obtained when compacting by conventional methods. In the table which follows, Shrinkage Factors are expressed as the ratio of a given dimension before and after sintering. TABLE III SHRINKAGE FACTORS Method Used Conventional Centrifugal Compaction Compaction Isostatic pressure used in pounds per square inch No pressure used 1.134 to 1.146 35.000 1.132 to 1.137 50.001) 1.194 to 1.196 1.138 to 1.140 EXAMPLE II A mix of tungsten carbide powder was made up of the following powdered ingredients: Tungsten Monocarbide Cobalt Paraffin Wax 87.50% by weight 12.15% by weight 0.35% by weight The powdered ingredients were ground together in a jar mill containing naphtha with paraffin wax in solution until reduced to about 1.18 Fisher subsieve particle size and then dried. It contained about 0.35 percent by weight of paraffin wax after drying. The dried powder was then mixed with liquid vehicle solution of the composition described under Example I, in the proportion of milliliters of solution to 1 kilogram of powder. The resulting slurry was milled in a tungsten carbide lined jar mill for 3 days at 1 15 F. after which it was ready for centrifuging to form compacts. The centrifuging equipment was the same as that used in Example I, and a polyvinyl alcohol liner member was used as in Example I. Rotational speed about the main axis of rotation was 530 revolutions per minute producing a force of 177 times G and the flask was rotated about its own axis at 53 revolutions per minute. centrifuging time was about 20 hours and temperature was to F. Upon completion of centrifuging, the compacts were processed as in Example I except that sintering temperature was 2,575- F. Conventional hydropressed compacts were made from the same composition for comparison as described under Example 1. Properties obtained by the centrifugal method of this invention as compared to properties obtained by conventional hydropressing are given in the tables which follow. The conventional compact was hydropressed at 50,000 pounds per square inch; the Centrifugal Compact was not hydropressed. TABLE I TRANSVERSE RUPTURE STRENGTH 1N LBS. PER SQ. 1N./1000 Method Used Conventional Centrifugal Compaction Compaction Lowest Value 422 452 Highest Value 481 504 TABLE l-Continued TRANSVERSE RUPTURE STRENGTH lN LBS. PER SQ. lN./l000 Method Used Conventional Centrifugal Compaction Compaction Average Value 462 478 Hardness Rockwell A 88.0 88.1 TABLE ll MACRO PIT AND FLAW COUNT Method Used Conventional Centrifugal Compaction Compaction Total Pits and Flaws per 100 square inches .002 inches and larger in diameter 37.7 2.7 .004 inches and larger in diameter 6.8 1.8 Total Area Examined Square inches 103.4 1 10.0 TABLE III SHRINKAGE FACTORS Method Used Conventional Centrifugal Compaction Compaction lsostatic Pressure used in pounds per square inch No Pressure Used 1,142 to 1.150 35,000 1.137 to 1.141 50.000 1.180 to 1.187 With conventional isostatic compaction the lowest shrinkage factor was 1.180 corresponding to 60.9 percent of theoretical density. With triaxial centrifugal compaction densities ranged from 65.8 to 68.0 percent of theoretical. What is claimed is: 1. in an apparatus for the centrifugal compaction for granular materials, a support, means engaging said support and defining a first axis of rotation thereof, flasks pivotally mounted on said support in circumferentially distributed relation and radially spaced from said first axis, each flask being swingable outwardly at the bottom in response to rotation of said support, chamber means carried by each flask and having a cavity adapted to receive a slurry consisting of the said granular material to be compacted and a liquid, a drive shaft on said first axis for rotating said chamber means about respective second axes extending angularly to said first axis as said support rotates about said first axis, said second axes being inclined at a predetermined angle to a plane perpendicular to said first axis, drive means responsive to outward swinging movement of the lower ends of said flasks on said support for drivingly connecting said chamber means to said drive shaft, and means on said support for engaging and halting said flasks at said predetermined angle of inclination to said plane. 2. An apparatus according to claim 1 in which said chamber means comprises a hollow cylindrical metallic shell adapted to receive therein mold elements defining the size and shape of the article to be made. 3. An apparatus according to claim 1 in which said drive means includes output shaft means coupled at one end to said drive shaft and extending radially along said support to the region of said chamber means. 4. An apparatus according to claim 1 which includes a speed reducer having an input shaft on said first axis and forming said drive shaft and an output shaft for each chamber extending on said support to near the respective chamber, and cooperating elements of a brake connected to said input shaft and to a stationary point and operable when actuated to hold said input shaft stationary during rotation of said support thereby to cause said output shafts to rotate and drive the said chamber means on said second axis. 5. An apparatus according to claim 4 which includes means selectively operable for actuating said brake means. 6. An apparatus according to claim 1 which includes a ring for supporting each said flask, trunnions on each ring pivotally connecting the ring to said support on a horizontal axis which is perpendicular to a radius extending therefrom to said first axis, each said flask being generally cylindrical and being insertable into the respective ring from above and including flange means near the top to engage the top of said ring, each said chamber means being insertable into the respective said flask from above, and bearing means interposed between each said chamber means and the pertaining said flask to permit free relative rotation of the chamber means in said flask. 7. An apparatus according to claim 6 in which said bearing means include thrust bearing means interposed between the bottom of each said chamber means and the bottom of the pertaining said flask and radial hearing means disposed between an upper region of each said chamber means and an upper region of the pertaining said flask. Patent Citations
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Retired Naval officer, Commander C. T. Kuruvilla, makes couverture chocolates which are trans fat free
Sinful chocolates? Not always. Here are chocolates that are healthy and yummy, made by a citywala who had a long stint in the Indian Navy. And here's how Cdr C.T. Kuruvilla moved on from the high seas to become a chocolatier with a difference.
There was a time in Kerala, in the mid 70s, when Cadbury,the famous chocolate company, encouraged planters to take to cocoa growing in the midst of an acute world cocoa shortage. They provided saplings and had a buy back arrangement. It all was a hunky dory plan with a promised chocolaty future. Planters, caught in the sweep of dreams, switched to cocoa. But down the road the dream crashed. Cocoa prices tanked and the deal turned sour. Growers were disappointed and the failed planting ventures became the talk of the times.
It is in this scenario that the seeds of chocolate making were sown in the naval officer's mind. He began researching, reading up books and did serious work after leaving the Navy and using the fruits of the information revolution. In the last two years he has begun manufacturing couverture chocolates commercially and makes chocolate confectionery (Cocoacraft) using it.
What is unique about the chocolates that he manufactures is that they are trans fat free. This makes them healthy unlike compounds where most of the cocoa butter is replaced by hydrogenated fats, which are cheaper, to make but full of trans fats.
"Couvertures have a minimum of 32 per cent cocoa butter for the necessary workablity," says Kuruvilla adding that compounds are usually used in confectionery, because it needs no tempering and therefore is easy to work with and a lot cheaper.
"The basic challenge in chocolate making is flavour development of cocoa. This is a closely guarded secret," says Kuruvilla . The standard equipment for manufacturing chocolate is available but is of very large capacity and expensive. He has fabricated his own machinery, some of them based on different principles.
Kuruvilla has a unit in Kakkanad, which makes bamboo mats and blinds. Part of this factory is utilised for chocolate making. The confectionery is made at their home in Ernakulam.
There are two ways of making couverture chocolate- the Dutch process and natural process. In the Dutch process the chocolate is alkalised using sodium or potassium carbonate. It is a short cut, but kills flavonols the main health giver of cocoa, and destroys flavour. In the natural process, it takes ten to twelve times longer for flavour to develop. The former reduces time line substantially making it cost effective, while natural process takes time but is healthy and gives full flavour.
Kuruvilla sources fermented and dried beans from two growers in Kerala, one of whom has organic and fair trade certification. Fermentation of the bean is the most important aspect of chocolate making. 'No fermentation no flavour'. "Most chocolatiers use compound. They don't use couverture because of the problem of tempering, which is a simple but technical process". (It gives chocolate gloss, pleasant colour and appearance, easy unmouldability and the snap. Untempered chocolate will be crumbly, ugly to look at and will refuse to unmould. Though it is the same chocolate, mouth feel will be poor.)
Kuruvilla took premature retirement from the Navy in 1993 to pursue a passion so varied from his obsession with the sea and the ship.
"He is the taster and the maker," says Rose Mary, his wife, and recalls a day when she found that a bedroom in the house had been converted into a chocolate making room. "Sometimes his machines would leak gooey chocolate on the whole floor. Cocoa beans were being roasted while chocolate was being cooled in the same room. He had taken over the place."
Their daughter, Sanjana, an MBA, is the managing partner of the firm, Kuruvilla and Sons.
Currently the company makes bulk couverture for industry, and has diversified into chocolate confectionary. They make enrobed chocolates with different fillings and the more common moulded chocolates. "We have chocolate with coconut centre, with nut caramel and with peanuts as well." Chocolate syrup, cocoa powder and cocoa spread are the other consumer products. Though international prices of cocoa is lower than prices here, Kuruvilla sources his beans only from Kerala. They have distributors across the State.
The health factor
Rosemary narrates an instance of how about a case when they were contacted by a cancer patient who had controlled her disease by making life style changes and change in food habits. Reading about the healthy, trans fat free chocolates, she got in touch with Kuruvilla and placed orders with him. "That was really a proud moment," said Rose Mary. Quite recently a patient of diabetes ordered for this healthy 85 per cent bitter form of dark chocolate. "Though it is a small order I do make customised chocolates for people with health issues," says Kuruvilla, happy that his venture is helping people live a life of sweet fulfilment.

subset: commoncrawl


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Identification of Mycobacterium avium genes associated with resistance to host antimicrobial peptides.
Title | Identification of Mycobacterium avium genes associated with resistance to host antimicrobial peptides. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2014 |
Authors | Motamedi N, Danelishvili L, Bermudez LE |
Journal | Journal of medical microbiology |
Volume | 63 |
Issue | Pt 7 |
Pagination | 923-30 |
Date Published | 2014 Jul |
Abstract | Antimicrobial peptides are an important component of the innate immune defence. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (M. avium) is an organism that establishes contact with the respiratory and gastrointestinal mucosa as a necessary step for infection. M. avium is resistant to high concentrations of polymyxin B, a surrogate for antimicrobial peptides. To determine gene-encoding proteins that are associated with this resistance, we screened a transposon library of M. avium strain 104 for susceptibility to polymyxin B. Ten susceptible mutants were identified and the inactivated genes sequenced. The great majority of the genes were related to cell wall synthesis and permeability. The mutants were then examined for their ability to enter macrophages and to survive macrophage killing. Three clones among the mutants had impaired uptake by macrophages compared with the WT strain, and all ten clones were attenuated in macrophages. The mutants were also shown to be susceptible to cathelicidin (LL-37), in contrast to the WT bacterium. All but one of the mutants were significantly attenuated in mice. In conclusion, this study indicated that the M. avium envelope is the primary defence against host antimicrobial peptides. |
DOI | 10.1099/jmm.0.072744-0 |
Alternate Journal | J. Med. Microbiol. |


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Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act
Treasury Department Holding Short Sale Outreach Event for Real Estate Professionals
Starting March 20th and 22nd, 2012, the Treasury Department, in collaboration with the National Association of REALTORS®, will hold Making Home Affordable "Help for Homeowners" outreach events in California.
NAR Members Meet with Federal Officials on REO to Rental Plans
On February 29, key members of NAR committees and leadership met with the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) and other federal agencies to address the REO to Rental Initiative announced earlier in the week (see separate item). The purpose of this meeting was to express NAR's ongoing concerns about the implementation of the plan to dispose of government owned foreclosed properties by making them available for rental.
FHFA Announces Fannie Mae REO Property Sales in High Foreclosure Areas
On February 27 the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) announced a pilot program to be operated by Fannie Mae to sell nearly 2500 foreclosed properties in six hard hit foreclosure states for the purpose of providing rental housing.
EPA To Maintain Status Quo for CO2 Regulations
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recently announced that they will keep greenhouse gas permitting thresholds at current levels.
Obama Administration Proposed Consumer Privacy Bill of Rights
On February 23rd the Obama administration released a report on consumer privacy. The report calls on Congress to enact a consumer privacy "bill of rights."
Legislation to Make Relief Permanent Introduced
Senator Debbie Stabenow (D-MI)has introduced S. 2144, a bill that would make the mortgage debt forgiveness rules permanent.
March 5, 2012: Register Now for the Rally to Protect the American Dream
In the March 5 edition of "Mondays with Moe," 2012 NAR President Moe Veissi announces that the website for the Rally to Protect the American Dream is now live. He encourages every member to go the site now to register, as well as every association to go to the site to request a bus to help bring members to the Rally.
Milestones to the Future
In 2012, REALTORS® will be going back to the (virtual) classroom, marching on Capitol Hill, and earning rewards for engaging with their association.
The Importance of Connections
Maybe it's all the tweeting I've been doing (via @realtormag), but 400 words feels like a lot to write about one topic. Instead, a potpourri.


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DEFINITION of 'SEC Form N-27F-1'
A filing with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that must be used by custodian banks for issuers of period plan payments to inform investors holding periodic payment plan certificates of the fees they will pay under the investment and their withdrawal rights. SEC Form N-27F-1 must be sent to all purchasers of plan certificates informing them of details such as the number of regular monthly payments they have made, the total amount deducted for all charges, the percentage of their investment represented by such charges, the total number of payments scheduled to be made over the full term of the plan, and the total charges scheduled to be deducted over that term.
INVESTOPEDIA EXPLAINS 'SEC Form N-27F-1'
SEC Form N-27F-1 is also known as "Notice to Periodic Payment Plan Certificate Holders of 45-Day Withdrawal Right with Respect to Periodic Payment Plan Certificates." It is required under the Investment Company Act of 1940, and is used to help investors make informed decisions about their investments.
Investment Company Act Of 1940
Created in 1940 through an act of Congress, this piece of legislation ... -
A financial instrument that represents: an ownership position ... -
Securities And Exchange Commission ...
A government commission created by Congress to regulate the securities ... -
A sales charge or commission charged to an investor when buying ... -
A financial institution that holds customers' securities for ... -
Cumis Counsel
Legal counsel chosen by the insured when the insurer has a conflict ...
Where can I find a company's annual report and its SEC filings?
Thanks to the Internet, finding financial reports is easier than ever. Nowadays, every reputable company has an investor ... Read Full Answer >> -
What happens to the fines collected by the Securities and Exchange Commission?
When the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) enforces a civil action against a corporation or an individual found guilty ... Read Full Answer >>
Investing Basics
SEC Filings: Forms You Need To Know
The forms companies are required to file provide a clear view of their histories and progress. -
Get A Job In Compliance
If you're a stickler for rules, this could be a promising career path for you. -
Investing Basics
Policing The Securities Market: An Overview Of The SEC
Find out how this regulatory body protects the rights of investors. -
Personal Finance
Who's Looking Out For Investors?
If your account has been mishandled, FINRA and the SEC are among several organizations that can help. -
Options & Futures
Get To Know These Crucial US Options Market Regulations
How are options regulated in the U.S and which organizations are involved in options market regulations? -
The Impact Of Ending The US Embargo On Cuba
Many argue that ending the US embargo on Cuba will not only make US consumers happy, but also help the US economy and bring more freedoms to Cuba. -
Popular Places Where U.S. Citizens Need A Visa
A U.S. passport will get you into many countries, but not everywhere. Here's how to visit five of the most popular destinations that require visas. -
Are You the Victim of Unfair Labor Practices?
If you are a union member, a union leader, or a manager at a company with an established union, you should understand unfair labor practices. -
How The SEC Tracks Insider Trading
We look at how the SEC tracks and tries to stop insider trading - a seemingly impossible task. -
Investing News
What Affirmative Action Means for Regular Business
What Affirmative Action means for your businesses today.


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"Happy to be back after medical leave".. Entrust a wise woman for help and remember..there is POWER in knowledge..No need to suffer in silence..ASK those heartfelt questions ~ We're all given 'choices' or free will Find out how to navigate this course in life and be well informed!
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I am a 'Saged' Psychic of Scottish/Nordic/Native American heritage. I was born with Clairvoyant, Clairaudient and Empathic Sensitive abilities. I offer very accurate and insightful readings to clients interested in seeking help, answers and advice in whatever the category ~ I specialize in love and matters of the heart ~
Note: I do NOT give health related readings ~
Psychic Advisor 35+ years experience. Born Empath Sensitive, Clairvoyant, Clairaudient.. I am also a Tarot Expert and Instructor, Past Life Visionary, Reiki Healer, Ordained Minister ULC, Court Appointed Special Advocate Member (CASA), National Notary Association
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House Music TV
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House Music TV is a digital only broadcast closing the gap between television and electronic dance music.
We travel the world abroad hitting Jet-set locations covering nightlife, parties, DJs, and music. House Music TV is an inside look at reality in the life of a global DJ. Listen to the hottest free DJ music from your computer, and watch clips from the hottest dance parties without ever having to leave your house. Simply tune in to HouseMusicTV.com and find your favorite music from top DJs at clubs around the world. We even show videos related to the travel, dining, and other lifestyles of the club scene's top DJs.
Fly Smarter to more locations then you've ever seen before. House Music TV is redefining the way you listen, the way you watch and the way you move. We digitally broadcast the hottest DJ music mix and video selection so you can turn your own home into the hottest nightclub in town.
The music we've been making and all the places we've gone to perform excited us in such a strong way, we decided we wanted to share it with you and the rest of the world. We provide free videos of the top DJ music on the scene today, making it easy for you to feel as if you're at the greatest nightclub parties from your own home. Listen to the latest Deep Dish DJ music mix or watch a new Erick Morillo DJ music video from his last nightclub appearance. We have a big selection, so you can be sure to find music and videos from your favorite name in house music online with HouseMusicTV.com.
Join us as we bring you closer to the dance floor than you've ever been before. Contact us at email@example.com for more information, or get started browsing our collection of house music videos online now. Remember to visit HouseMusicTV.com anytime you want ot watch more than you want to listen.


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Legal Question in Employment Law in Florida
I got into a contract with a former employer that offered me a severance pay when they closed their business, but the employer has not honored the terms of the contract, and has not paid me what was offered...does this constitute as a "breach of contract" and if so, how can I go about collecting what is owed to me?
Asked on 2/24/10, 12:10 pm
2 Answers from Attorneys
Alan Wagner
Wagner, Vaughan & McLaughlin, P.A.
users found helpful
attorneys agreed
As you describe it there is a breach of contract. You will need to sue if they will not honor the agreement.
Answered on 3/01/10, 8:20 pm
Scott Behren
Behren Law Firm
users found helpful
attorneys agreed
Depends upon whether you have a written contract or not or something to document you agreement with them. An employer is not under any obligation to provide severance. Feel free to call me if you wish to discuss this further.
Scott Behren
Answered on 3/02/10, 8:50 am


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You play only 1/0 games.
2. You forgot who goes first
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4. You spend all your time on chess sites in the forums instead of playing.
5. You play poker instead of chess
7. You think u need to be royalty to play the kings gambit
9. You promote your pawn to your opponents pieces
12. You checkmate your own king to win the game
13. You are very good at suicide chess, because u find it easy to give away pieces
16. You spell Bobby Fischer "Bobby Fisher"!
17. You dont sleep with a chessboard
15. You have a life
That's how I always spelled it.
18. You see a chess book that you've always read and wonder why your brother would rob the library just so he can get slightly better at chess.
19. You don't make the effort to even learn the RULES!
20. You thinks that the movie "Searching for Bobby Fischer" is a movie about Fischer when he was a child
One of your recent puzzle compositions; Difficulty: HARD
22. You try to mate yourself
23. You play 2.Qh5
I actually did that once in a puzzle. I was wondering why I couldn't find mate but then I realized it was my own king.
23. You have never had a game go past the opening, because you always resign after you lose your queen
24. You don't know what the point of Chess.com is
25. You buy an opening book, thinking it opens itself
I did 23 again to get back on track because 11 got skipped.
26. You actually hear what your wife is saying.
27. You don't do a pee-pee dance at your desk because you're in the middle of a blitz game.
If you could change one rule of chess,what would it be?
by avi97 9 minutes ago
Estimate my rating based on 'play magnus' app
by Nekhemevich 9 minutes ago
Chess openings that suit tactical players fancy?
by Vortex_Surfer 10 minutes ago
is there any web site or archive to download chess game collections
by RussBell 13 minutes ago
3/2/2015 - Back Door Entry
by carlosmadura 18 minutes ago
You've been blocked? Welcome here! If not, still allowed.
by Troll4ever22 18 minutes ago
Inflated Rating
by Aaronsky72 28 minutes ago
Post your best miniatures here
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by C_O_N_Q_U_E_R_O_R 33 minutes ago
How long, and HOW?
by MrTacticalChess10 34 minutes ago
We are working hard to make Chess.com available in over 70 languages. Check back over the year as we develop the technology to add more, and we will try our best to notify you when your language is ready for translating!


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Current Articles | Archives | Search
The latest video in the "BNI--Then and Now" 30th Anniversary Video Series features the story of Shelli Howlett who joined BNI twenty one years ago and went on to become a highly successful Executive Director for BNI in the United States.
Click on the "Read More" tab to watch the video now . . .
The BNI Wall Street Chapter recently became the first chapter in Italy to pass the fifty member mark.
Click on the "Read More" tab for further details on this exciting achievement. (Photo courtesy of Luigi Diamanti at FreeDigitalPhotos.net)
In a newly released video in celebration of BNI's 30th anniversary, financial planner Mike Ryan, one of the founding members of the very first BNI chapter ever formed, details his 30-year journey as a BNI member.
Let's face it . . . no matter how dedicated you are to your business, life happens. We all face situations from time to time where a personal issue demands top priority and inevitably prevents us from investing necessary time and attention into our business. Click on the "Read More" tab to access the latest Entrepreneur.com article by BNI's Founder, Ivan Misner, and learn how he successfully prevented a time consuming personal issue from causing his business to be neglected. (Photo courtesy of tuelekza at FreeDigitalPhotos.net)
In a new video in honor of BNI's 30th anniversary, BNI Vice Chairman Emeritus Norm Dominguez reflects on nearly three decades of involvement with the organization and tells of the remarkable professional growth BNI has enabled him to achieve.
BNI Connect, an exclusive social platform for BNI members is quickly becoming the gateway to unforseen referrals which extend beyond country lines and across the globe.
Complete your BNI Connect profile now to increase your SEO visibility, your credibility, and to grow your business!
(Photo courtesy of SOMMAI at FreeDigitalPhotos.net)
A new video in the BNI 30th Anniversary "Then and Now" Video Series has just been released.
Click on the "Read More" tab to watch the video featuring BNI Foundation Co-Founder, Beth Misner.
The BNI Champions Chapter in Bangalore, India recently inducted seven new members, officially passing the century mark with 101 members!
Click on the "Read More" tab for further details surrounding this remarkable achievement. (Photo courtesy of taesmileland at FreeDigitalPhotos.net)
This week marks the 9th annual celebration of International Networking Week, an initiative of BNI, which is recognized each year by thousands of people around the world.
Click on the "Read More" tab for all the exciting details surrounding this worldwide event.
Do you know what the vision of the BNI organization is? How about our mission and our philosophy? If somebody asked you to explain these things would you know how to define and communicate them? Click on the "Read More" tab to watch a video in which BNI's Founder, Ivan Misner, breaks down BNI's vision, mission, and philosophy and explains the key differences between each one.


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1st December 2014
India: Delhi's first Pride since homosexuality was re-criminalised 7
12:46 PM — New Delhi saw its first pride march on Sunday since India reintroduced its anti-gay laws last year.
21st November 2014
Conservatives 'disown' comments by former candidate attacking 'mincing puffs' at pride 10
8:07 PM — Tory councillors in Ashton-under-Lyne have laid into the party's former deputy chair, after he ranted about "puffs mincing around" at Pride parades.
Tory deputy chair: Pride march is 'a bunch of puffs mincing across town' 104
4:00 PM — The deputy chairman of a local Conservative branch has attacked a Pride parade as "a bunch of puffs mincing across Ashton".
17th November 2014
Brazil: Thousands attend Pride march to speak out against anti-LGBT murders 4
12:49 PM — Thousands of Brazilians attended Rio de Janeiro's 19th Pride event on Sunday, speaking out against the shocking number of LGBT people who have been murdered in the country.
15th November 2014
Boy George cancels Culture Club tour over health problems 8
5:26 PM — Boy George has cancelled a planned Culture Club reunion tour, over serious health concerns.
14th November 2014
Brighton Pride safe 'until 2020′ under new license 2
1:44 PM — Brighton Pride is secure until 2020, after the council granted a six-year license for the LGBT event.
12th November 2014
Argentina: Buenos Aires Pride organisers slam city government for refusing to provide security 2
3:57 PM — Buenos Aires pride organisers have criticised the city government for not providing police security during the march planned for Saturday.
10th November 2014
Pride in London hails innovation of #FreedomTo at business summit 1
2:30 PM — Pride in London chairperson Michael Salter has hailed the success of Pride's first ever ad campaign earlier this year.
Bangladesh: Third gender hijra groups hold country's first ever Pride march
2:30 PM — At least 1,000 transgender hijras led Bangladesh's first ever Pride march on Monday, marking one year since the government recognised them as a third gender.
India: 300 take part in eighth gay pride march in Pune 4
11:51 AM — Around 300 people participated in the eighth gay pride march held in Pune, India's eighth largest city.
22nd October 2014
US: 19-year-old faces hearing after resisting 'violent' police arrest at Pride 1
3:28 PM — A 19-year-old charged with assaulting a police officer and resisting a "violent" arrest during Pittsburgh Pride is to face a hearing today.
8th October 2014
Montenegro: Second Pride event will be held in secret from violent anti-gay protesters 4
4:19 PM — Montenegro's second ever Pride is set to be held in secret this year after the last event ended with 60 injured in violent anti-gay attacks.
2nd October 2014
US: Plans to move Houston Pride location after 36 years will help 'break down barriers' 1
12:55 PM — The Houston Pride Celebration, after 36 years in the Westheimer strip in Montrose, is moving downtown.
1st October 2014
US censors accused of homophobia over 'Pride' film rating 16
9:41 AM — American censors have been accused of 'outrageous homophobia' over the age rating of film 'Pride'.
30th September 2014
Former MP Adam Price: The miners' strike helped me come out as gay
11:11 AM — Former Plaid Cymru MP Adam Price has revealed how the miners' strike of 1984 helped give him the courage to come out as gay.
29th September 2014
South Africa's queer youth: The future of the LGBT movement?
2:11 PM — On 26 September in Johannesburg, South Africans celebrated their diversity on Heritage Day and used it to strengthen LGBT youth activism.
28th September 2014
Serbia: Defiant crowds take part in first Belgrade Pride since violent clashes 1
1:19 PM — Hundreds of people are taking part in the first Belgrade Pride parade permitted to go ahead in four years.
26th September 2014
Annie Lennox: The word 'gay' is irrelevant 22
12:12 PM — Singer Annie Lennox has argued that the word "gay" is irrelevant because it should be "nobody's effing business."
25th September 2014
Bill Nighy: 'Pride is one of the best jobs I ever had' 4
3:39 PM — Bill Nighy has called Pride - a British film about gay activists supporting the miners' strike - one of the best jobs he has ever had.
24th September 2014
Serbia: Orthodox Church attacks 'shameless' Pride parade 30
6:57 PM — The head of the Serbian Orthodox Church has attacked the "shameless" organisers of Belgrade Pride.


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Arizona AG's Office to keep Tom Horne report confidential
PHOENIX -- The Arizona Attorney General's Office said it won't release a report coming from its internal investigation into whether office employees used work time and public resources to work on Attorney General Tom Horne's re-election campaign.
Office spokeswoman Stephanie Grisham told the Arizona Capitol Times that report will be kept confidential because of the attorney-client privilege and state personnel rules.
Grisham also said the office will not be able to disclose the investigation results in firings.
Grisham had announced Friday that the office has hired for former legislator John Kaites, former judge David Derickson and a private investigator and a computer forensics expert to investigate the allegations by a former Horne staffer, Sarah Beatie.
Beattie attorney Tom Ryan said the office could waive the attorney-client privilege.
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Pronunciation: nõud
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- Random word: Kerli Kõiv
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View Comment
Posted at 6:25 PM on February 22, 2013
Posted at 12:48 PM on February 22, 2013
Valerie Taylor
Posted at 12:16 AM on February 20, 2013
very unusual design, Selena is beautiful, She and Justin, Relatioship will be on and off, They both love each other, Not ready for serious comitment , This guy want to have fun and want to meet
other intresting young Hot ladies even mature, women.. They need space to figure ther life
JusJustin in going to get more into acting, modeling, He is a mama 's Boy. his family first.
Party princess styles1
Posted at 10:30 PM on February 21, 2013
Party princess styles1
Posted at 10:33 PM on February 21, 2013
Mary o Fitzpatrick
Posted at 12:47 PM on January 11, 2013
Posted at 10:05 PM on January 8, 2013
Selena and Vanessa are probably the prettiest there, though the other three are non-familar. not to be a bit of a bad cristic but Vanessa's dress makes the pic look brighter. And Selena looks like a really pretty sparkle. I just read the caption and the guy is named James Franco, two other girls are Ashley Benson snd rachel Korrie.
Posted at 2:39 PM on February 8, 2013
Posted at 9:23 PM on November 8, 2012
Posted at 4:32 PM on January 9, 2013
Posted at 12:50 PM on February 23, 2013
vicky francis
Posted at 4:51 AM on October 18, 2012


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NarMoo R1M High-Fidelity Noise Isolation Headphones with Mic
" First, I'd like to thank the folks at Narmoo for providing a sample of their R1M earphones for review. In recent years, the IEM market has sort of exploded, seeing a number of established players making a go of things and a number of impressive upstarts, often aiming for the top by attacking the bottom, releasing high performing earphones for low prices. Enter Narmoo, a..." --TheGame21x
elago E7 ARMATURE In-Ear Noise-Reducing Earphones (Compatible iPhone 4, 1G/3GS; Control-Talk with Built In Microphone)
elago E7 ARMATURE In-Ear Earphones, Enjoy the deep bass and high definition sound quality that is pure elago, E7 Control - talk has a built in. feature for use with music phones and newer iPhone. The control talk cable has a call answer button and microphone so you can easily switch between listening to music asn talking on your iPhone.


text:
The Lockyer Valley is one of the top ten most fertile farming areas in the world with wonderful dark alluvial soil, good quality water and an ideal climate for agricultural innovation. The region is also home to award winning producers of meat, cheese, wine and quality small goods such as Stanbroke Beef, Emmos Fine Foods, Preston Peak Wines and Schulte's. Chefs and celebrity chef's vouch for the quality of our produce! Kylie Kwong, Curtis Stone and Alastair McLeod to name a few.
Alastair McLeod, TV personality and celebrity chef loves or produce and is a Lockyer Valley Food Ambassador. See Alastair at an upcoming foodie event using Lockyer Valley produce. Click here to visit Al's website.
If you would like more information on our local producers in the Lockyer Valley please click here
The Lockyer Valley is situated less than an hour's drive from Brisbane, the picturesque Lockyer Valley is the perfect place for a day trip, weekend or family holiday.
Lake Dyer has been reopened to water sports and recreation.
Das Neumann Haus - NOW OFFERING FREE WIFI
Free Wifi is now available in Laidley at Annie's Place Coffee Shoppe Cafe in Das Neumann Haus. Enjoy light refreshments as you go through your emails or surf the web. Sit out on the nice deck or front verandah. Connection is simple, no passwords or codes required and it's FREE
Award winning Lockyer Valley produce is available from Woolworths and Coles Supermarkets near you. You can also purchase produce directly in the region from fruit shops such as Boko's Fruit Mart, The Big Orange and Schulte's Meat Tavern. Schulte's also sells a fantastic range of meat, award winning bacon, smallgoods, cheese and wine.
Purchase produce direct at the farm gate from one of our many Roadside Stalls.
Click here for more information on our producers.
If you fancy yourself as a master chef or would just like to impress your friends and family why not give one of our recipes below a try!!
*NEW - Alastair McLeod - Steak tartare, beetroot carpaccio, goats cheese click here
* Alastair McLeod - Regional Flavours Hunting Club stage; 'Lightly dressed Lockyer Larder' click here
* The Lockyer Valley Cultural Centre's Executive Chef, Mr Maq Radebe prepared his famous 'Osso Bucco Luscious' please click here
* Alastair McLeod - Good Food and Wine Show Eye Fillet minute steak, marinated goats fetta and dutch cream scallops click here
* Bauer's Organic Farm - Beetroot Dip click here
* Alastair McLeod - Kale Pesto and Boil in the Bag Carrots click here
March: Country Music Festival at Laidley 4th - 7th March Main show time Saturday 7th from 2pm Bookings essential: 07 5465 1284 Folk Music Gathering 6th-7th March Mulgowie Hotel Gatton Gem Mineral & Fossil Show 14th March Gatton Shire Hall Laidley Hack Show 15th March Laidley Showgrounds
Gatton Street Sprints 20th-22nd March Gatton Industrial Estate Multicultural Festival - A Harmony Day Celebration 21st March Gatton Sports Centre
Laidley Heritage Weekend 11th-12th April Das Neumann Haus and Laidley Pioneer Village
Want to see more of our upcoming events click here to view the full events calendar.
See us on a recent version of Creek to Coast - featuring Lake Dyer and the wonderful road side stall on Gatton-Esk Road.
Want to know more about the Lockyer Valley? Watch our Tourism Video!
Click the guide below to read online


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Server costs for 2015 upon us
Dear readers, It's that time of year where I have to take to the community and request funding support to offset the costs of keeping the website online. I use a third-party hosting service that costs around $700 a year. If you are able to ... Read More » -
An update on Thich Nhat Hanh's health
Thich Nhat Hanh, Buddhist teacher and popular author, in hospital
Zen in America OFFICIAL TRAILER 2014
Recent sesshin with Eido Shimano cancelled by Lassalle-Haus
Ongoing Motivation to Practice
Motivation to practice can be challenging. Often we come to practice in search of something, whether it's relief from suffering or that ineffable something beyond the usual that we need to return to. We dive into that practice, motivated by the newness of it, the ... Read More » -
Zen Students: Don't Give Up Your Power
The Last Autumn Leaf?
Teisho: Hyakujo's Fox
Bubbles of Delusion, with some Sex
SPOT Intensive 2015 (Sangha Leadership Seminary)
Residential and Ministerial Training for Zen Sangha Leadership June 18 to July 8, 2015 at Empty Nest Zendo in North Fork, California, about 45 minutes from Yosemite National Park. Join the growing group of Zen teachers who have participated in this unique intensive training, designed ... Read More » -
A Pledge from the Next Generation of Zen Teachers
Sit – Breathe – Listen
Server costs for 2015 upon us
A Thanksgiving Prayer
Zen master Bon Yeon (Jane Dobisz) Interview
Zen Master Bon Yeon (Jane McLaughlin-Dobisz) is the guiding teacher of the Cambridge Zen Center. Having practiced both in the Tibetan and Vipassana traditions previously, she became a student of Zen Master Seung Sahn in 1982. She practiced extensively in the US, Europe and Asia, ... Read More » -
John Daishin Buksbazen Interview
John Gendo Wolff Interview
Mushim Patricia Ikeda Interview
Tozen Akiyama interview
Daigan Gaither interview
Ask a Zen teacher: What's the purpose of posture? What to do when pain arises? – Joan Amaral
Joan Amaral of Marblehead Zen Center in Beverly, MA answers a reader question for our 'Ask a Zen teacher' series. Rick W. asks: What's the purpose of sitting in a particular posture during zazen? Why is posture important for my practice? What IS good posture ... Read More » -
Ask a Zen teacher: How should I practice? – Josh Mu'nen Bartok
Ask a Zen teacher: How do I do things slowly, one at a time? Peter Seishin Wohl
Treeleaf Zendo videos
One Drop Zen Buddhist Community videos
The Engaged Zen Foundation Audio Library
The Engaged Zen Foundation is dedicated to alleviating tangible suffering in the world. Where Zen Buddhism encourages the careful investigation of an individual life, EZF underscores the inescapable need to take that understanding 'into the marketplace.' EZF was founded in 1992 with a focus on ... Read More » -
Miscellaneous Audio
Sweetwater Zen Center Audio Library
Ruben Habito Audio Library
Myoan Grace Schireson Audio Library
Zen in America website and trailer launch
WEBSITE: http://zeninamerica.com/ Hi friends! I've been having a blast doing this documentary so far, finding myself wanting to see it someday as much as anyone else. As you can see from the trailer, it's not just teachers I'm talking with — I want this film ... Read More » -
Souls of Zen – Buddhism, Ancestors, and the 2011 Tsunami in Japan, a new documentary film
Zen Furnace – Documentary to be featured at the 2011 Louisville International Film Festival
Abraxas no Matsuri, a film by Director Naoki Kato (w/ Trailer)
The Zen Mind – Emptymind Films
Rohatsu Sesshin at Zuioji
From 1987 to 1990, I practiced Zen Buddhism as a monk in Japan at two monasteries, Zuioji and Shogoji. Zuioji is a long established training monastery in the city of Niihama, on the island of Shikoku. When I trained there, it housed thirty to forty ... Read More » -
Remembering Narasaki Roshi
My Lost Teacher
'Farewell dear friend' by David Chadwick
Does Zen Have Morals?


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Resources ForJupiter Ascending
Resources ForSelma
Resources ForShaun the Sheep Movie
Resources ForBig Hero 6
Resources ForInherent Vice
Resources ForWild
Resources ForEx Machina
Resources ForA Most Violent Year
Resources ForTestament of Youth
Resources ForWhiplash
Resources ForFoxcatcher
Resources ForInto The Woods
Resources ForEnemy
Resources ForBirdman
Resources ForUnbroken
more films more resources
Join the
Celebrate International Women's Day with #Difret (opens March 6). Free community resources at http://t.co/uTvUHbO2Uw #IWD @SodaPictures
Retweet Reply ViewRT @BFI: Harrison Ford is on board for Blade Runner 2! Catch the original film in UK cinemas 3 April http://t.co/5Mg54QtDkl http://t.co/umi2I5Et2Z
Retweet Reply ViewRT @catherineshoard: Maggie Smith in The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel is my spirit animal http://t.co/CHZBAfAnMo
Retweet Reply ViewRT @nickpollard: Celebrate International Women's Day with #Difret (opens March 6). Free community resources at http://t.co/LHmQvd7Aj4 #IWD @damaristrust
Retweet Reply ViewStand up for justice! #Difret in selected UK cinemas Mar 6. Get free official community resources from http://t.co/uTvUHbws2Y @SodaPictures
Retweet Reply ViewCAKE - a new discussion guide by @rachhelensmith on the drama starring Jennifer Aniston: http://t.co/GFsqXrNCmg
Retweet Reply ViewSHAUN THE SHEEP MOVIE - a new discussion guide by @HannahJRowe on the animated adventure: http://t.co/wapRWokwXn
Retweet Reply View#AngelinaJolie presents #Difret - in UK cinemas Mar 6. See the trailer and get free community resources http://t.co/uTvUHbws2Y @SodaPictures
Retweet Reply ViewRT @BFI: Released 10 years ago this week. No, really. http://t.co/vs4OFj1QXc
Retweet Reply View


text:
Choose Between Two Options
- $40 for $100 toward bumper repair, repainting, or replacement
- $50 for $200 toward bumper repair, repainting, or replacement
Southwest Autoworks
The technicians at Southwest Autoworks renovate cars of all shapes and sizes with their detailing services and equipment upgrades. Rides can stop in for a quick wash and wax, or stick around for a full interior and exterior detail, complete with carpet steam cleaning and engine degreasing. Southwest's full stock of tinted window films keeps cars cool with brands such as Solar Gard, Llumar, SunTek, and 3M. The shop's technicians also install a variety of electronic equipment, including GPS systems and car alarms that warn thieves to back off in Liam Neeson's stern, but fair, voice.
"The guy Brett was flexible and did a decent job. "


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Hi Peter: My name is Owen Dunkley and funny your note was posted on my birthday, September 17. I was born in Cricklewood England and have been living in New York for the last 22 years. My father's name is George Dunkley and he was born in Clarendon Jamaica and he had 11 siblings, 2 of which have passed on in the last 2 years. I am just amazed at this web site listing of the Dunkley family. Who would have thought. Best wishes for your family. Sincerely, Owen Dunkley Notify Administrator about this message?
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Ahead of a heavily rumoured Apple iPad Mini release, a new study has suggested any 7-inch Apple tablet release would be a considerable flop
Apple iPad Mini would be Apple's 'biggest flop' suggests report
You need Javascript to play this video.
The heavily rumoured Apple iPad Mini will be the company's biggest flop to date, a new consumer survey has suggested ahead of the 7-inch tablet's expected September unveiling. |


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like it!
Bellissima el gigante durmiendo con las antiguas árboles de frente.
Excellent point of view, very good result. Greetings - Christos.
Hello Petr you are very kind.
You stole my photo. Allah will punish you for stealing.
Thanks for your kind words, a.beyer!
Greetings from Ukraine! kiaksar
Beautifully awesome!
Tank you very much for your visit and friendly comment Greatings 'Farid
Thank you for visit and good comments. Best wishes Farid
Danke Petr für Lob und Like. Gruß Heinz


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Maybe this has been asked before, but I can't seem to find the answer through searching and googling it. What I need is a way to tell when a template of a control has changed. Meaning I'm looking for an event to fire when a template has changed on a control. Something along the lines of an event called TemplateChanged. I don't see any objects in the object hierarchy that have this event. Am I missing something here? There must be a way to get notification of a template being changed on control. Thanks in advance.
Take the 2-minute tour
Stack Overflow is a question and answer site for professional and enthusiast programmers. It's 100% free, no registration required.
Have you tried overriding the OnApplyTemplate() method? |
A solution could be: Override OnApplyTemplate to throw some custom event. Subscribe to this event Externally. be careful with handlers ;) |


text:
Journal Article
How Much of the Cocaine Market Are We Missing? Insights from Respondent-Driven Sampling in a Mid-Sized American City
This paper uses respondent-driven sampling (RDS) of drug users in a mid-sized American city to estimate the shares of cocaine (powder and crack) users and expenditures that are attributable to different combinations of these groups.
Mar 2, 2015


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text:
By Dr. Nancy Snyderman
Special Offers
Only one group stood out: Women who were under 30 when they'd had their tubes tied were more likely to be sorry; some 20 percent expressed regret, compared to a mere six percent of those over 30. The researchers speculate that the younger women may have remarried when they were still of childbearing age and regretted that they couldn't have children with their new husbands; indeed, a number asked the interviewers about sterilization-reversal procedures.
And the group least likely to have second thoughts? Those who'd never had children. Whatever reasons had influenced them to choose childlessness in the first place seem still to hold true for them, observes lead author Susan D. Hillis, Ph.D., of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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The Robotic Vacuums Worth Your Money
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Senior Member
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About Me
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- Phone: Samsung Galaxy S lll [GT-i9300]
OS: Android Lollipop 5.0.2
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30 | hey guys i'm not developer of this but MIUI Team is. i think its better to have a topic for this Official support from NOW :) for speaking / bug reporting ... etc about rom hope you agree with me MIUI 1.11.18 http://miuiandroid.com/wp-content/u... | View... |
8 | ^^posted wrong forum. led issue due to cm11. huge update from cm11 http://review.cyanogenmod.org/#/c/80414/ temasek mate i know you r busy with cm12 and cm11 v162.1 is final version for i9300, but if it's possible for you please update rom w... | View... |
8 | Update - Modded Nexus4 uccw apk - 2 App Drawer icon attached http://forum.xda-developers.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=1521297&stc=1&d=1354196738 For those who want this setup Here is iconset http://vanessaem.deviantart.com/art/White-Line... | View... |
5 | First of all, this ROM is really smooth. Thanks for your work. Now my Problem. I can't get NFC working. The option is there and i can choose it, but after some seconds it's still unchecked and not working. As i read before it should be working... | View... |
4 | So, here is mine thanks to @MarcusBremen for this nice idea all files and details HERE http://forum.xda-developers.com/attachment.php?attachmentid=1521454&stc=1&d=1354205665... | View... |


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Yuck lose frontman
RIP Yuck.
Digging: The Prodigy - Music for the Jilted Generation
Too bad
Great band but I think he is replaceable.
Sucks for sure, but I doubt many people are listening to them for the vocals.
Digging: Ensiferum - One Man Army
First album was brilliant, Blumberg had a nice voice but I haven't entirely given up hope. Doubt it'll be anywhere near as good, but I'm still curious to hear.
Digging: Lupe Fiasco - Tetsuo and Youth
this band bores me to tears...
band is great sucks, although i think he can be replaced
Band was boring anyways.
This was the only band that nailed the noise essence of the 90s perfectly. such a shame
band was boring anyways [2]
Digging: Tenement - The Blind Wink
rip at least we still have dino jr
^lol good band but yeah this isn't overly depressing or anything
Digging: Thou / The Body - You, Whom I Have Always Hated
Yuck? hahaha.
How the fuck did i comment of this
"Oupa" Oupa Loupa Doupity Doup
Digging: Women - Public Strain
• Slint guitarist survives suicide ..• Tool + Mastodon supergroup• Scarlett Johansson forms band• 2015 Applications Open• Letlive. guitarist leaves band• New Incubus Song• Steven Wilson premieres new tune• New Godspeed You! Black Emperor a..• Kendrick Lamar unveils new single• Grammy winners 2015
• Ghost Bath drop Moonlover• Richards/Crane release new single• Atten Ash stream reissue• Black Pussy stream new album• Jack U announce/release album• Arcturus announce new record.• The Resistance release new song• New Whitechapel music video• New Enslaved track• Eclipse post new video• Strung Out premiere new song• The Hotelier re-issuing debut• Morgoth drop lyric video• Three Days Grace announce new alb..• Timeless Miracle return» see all news
Bands: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


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Started Oct 18, 2010 0 Replies 0 Favorites
Hi,I have a site called World's Worst Moms, where we feature great "bad mom" stories. I'm looking for guest writers. If you're interested, please stop by: …Continue
Started this discussion. Last reply by PartlySunny Sep 9, 2010. 10 Replies 0 Favorites
We've all had those times when we've really screwed things up and thought, "I'm the world's worst mom."We're not talking "Left the kids in the car to run into the casino fora few hours" or "Bought…Continue
Started this discussion. Last reply by PartlySunny Sep 20, 2010. 4 Replies 0 Favorites
Can someone please tell me where to find photos to add to my blog posts? I keep seeing all of these funny/beautiful/artistic photographs on people's posts that haven't been taken by the writer, but…Continue
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U.S. Silica Opens New Transload Facility To Serve Utica And Marcellus Shales
U.S. Silica Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: SLCA) today announced an agreement with S.H. Bell Company to open a new silica sand storage facility to support growing demand from oil and gas customers in the Utica and Marcellus Shales. U.S. Silica will ship barges and railcars of premium Northern White frac sand to the new transload facility in East Liverpool, Ohio from its network of sand plants.
"We are excited to have S.H. Bell as a strategic service provider as we further expand our supply chain reach," said Bryan Shinn, Chief Executive Officer of U.S. Silica. "This is a prime location for a new facility and is another example of how U.S. Silica is leveraging our flexible logistics to bring high quality products closer to market. We have opened nine strategic frac sand transload facilities this year and continue to move our point of sale closer to the shale basins, providing convenience and flexibility for our customers."
"We are looking forward to our new relationship with U.S. Silica," said John Bell, President of S.H. Bell Company. "This is an ideal location for distributing frac sand into the Utica and Marcellus Shale areas. S.H. Bell Company will continue to be an active participant in the oil & gas industry and a strong supporter of job creation and growth of the local economy."
For more information about U.S. Silica visit www.ussilica.com.
About U.S. Silica U.S. Silica Holdings, Inc., a Delaware corporation, is the second largest domestic producer of commercial silica, a specialized mineral that is a critical input into the oil and gas proppants end market. The company also processes ground and unground silica sand for a variety of industrial and specialty products end markets such as glass, fiberglass, foundry molds, municipal filtration and recreational uses. During its 100-plus year history, U.S. Silica Holdings, Inc. has developed core competencies in mining, processing, logistics and materials science that enable it to produce and cost-effectively deliver over 200 products to customers across these end markets. U.S. Silica Holdings, Inc. is headquartered in Frederick, MD.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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