text:
Comprehensive course at live-fire range covers firearms tactics and responsible storage
$125 $75
Beekeeping Workshop with Honey and Wine Tasting for One, Two, or Four from Gerard'Z Honeybees (Up to 78% Off)
Gerard'z Honey Bees
Multiple Locations
The workshop demystifies beekeeping and gives guests a taste of local monofloral honeys such as star thistle and wildflower
$90 $25
View Deal
One Month of Group, Semi-Private, or One-on-One Personal-Training Sessions at Pure Form PFT (Up to 61% Off)
Pure Form PFT- Elk Grove
Elk Grove
Personal trainers work closely with clients to help them reach their fitness goals, be it shedding fat or building a more muscular physique
$150 $59
10 Yoga Classes at Crossfit Artistry (72% Off)
Crossfit Artistry
One-hour power vinyasa classes led by credentialed, friendly instructors.
$100 $28
One or Two Private Dance Lessons for One or Wedding-Dance Lessons for Two at Malia In Motion (Up to 78% Off)
Malia In Motion
Sing Inc. Studio
Dancers practice ballet, contemporary, hip-hop, latin ballroom moves during private lessons; couples can prepare for their first dance
$65 $25
$54 for Six-Week Women's Boot Camp with Nutrition Plan and Personal Coach at Mama Bootcamp ($199 Value)
Mama Bootcamp
Six weeks of unlimited boot-camp sessions get bodies into shape, along with nutrition guidance and personal coaching
$199 $54
3 Months of Unlimited Group Fitness Classes from Diversity World of Dance and Fitness (65% Off)
Diversity World Of Dance And Fitness
Local businesses like this one promote thriving, distinctive communities by offering a rich array of goods and services to locals like you
$150 $53
$39 for a Four-Week Spring Training Boxing Camp at Prime Time Boxing with Nutritional Guide ($199 Value)
Prime Time Boxing Club
Spring training teaches students how to box while simultaneously increasing their stamina and strength and improving their eating habits
$199 $39
One- or Three-Month Family or Single-Child Membership to ArtBeast (Up to 52% Off)
Kids' art space allows children to explore their creativity with fun classes and freeform open-studio explorations; open daily 9 a.m.–6 p.m.
$75 $37
$20 for 30 Kickboxing and Fitness Classes from FIGHT2FITNESS ($299 Value)
30-class pass allows students of all ability levels to gain access to a variety of fitness and Kickboxing classes at various locations
$299 $20
10-Class Pass for One or Two, or One Month of Unlimited Classes for One at Pulse Power Yoga (Up to 56% Off)
Pulse Power Yoga
North Highlands
2,200-square-foot practice room with 40-foot murals; instructors help students improve their strength, stamina, flexibility, and balance
$80 $40
$30 for One Months of Unlimited Classes at CrossFit Valiance ($150 Value)
CrossFit Valiance
Trainer motivates clients to reach goals with cardio, strength, and core exercises that improve stamina, tone muscle, and burn calories
$150 $30
One or Three Months of Unlimited Croxx Fit Core Training Classes at Studio 25 (Up to 83% Off)
Gino MacGinniss at Studio 25
Studio 25 - Inside Nor Cal Fitness
Trainers customize routines to all fitness levels to strengthen cores without any heavy lifting or overexertion
$150 $38
$38 for $85 Worth of Fitness Training at Mindbody Sacramento
Mindbody & Sole Fitness
Downtown Sacramento
$85 $38
$134 for $298 Worth of Boot Camp at Savage Workouts
Savage Workouts
Upper Land Park
$298 $134
$75 for a 30 Day Unlimited Gym Membership at CrossFit Loco Ocho ($150 Value)
CrossFit Loco Ocho
A one month unlimited gym membership allows CrossFitters to lift, pull, and run their way to leaner, toner physiques
$150 $75
5 or 10 Yoga Classes at Fusion Yoga Studio Sacramento (Up to 50% Off)
Fusion Yoga Studio Sacramento, Inc.
Arden - Arcade
Traditional yoga, prenatal yoga, mom & baby yoga, introductory sessions, and other classes
$70 $35
$35 for $125 Worth of Personal Fitness Program — Azteca Striking & Fitness
Azteca Striking & Fitness
Classes are tailored each time to keep your body guessing; led by Juan Acevedo, a former pro MMA fighter
$125 $35
One- or Three-Month Gym Membership with Fitness Classes at Fourth Power Fitness (Up to 75% Off)
Fourth Power Fitness
Coaches host circuit-training and sports-performance classes inside a fitness facility that also offers open-gym time
$99 $30
$49 for $98 Worth of Music Lessons — Sac Valley Guitar
Sac Valley Guitar
$98 $49
$28 for 12 CrossFit Classes at CrossFit Anonymous ($160 Value)
Fitness Rehab
Ever-changing interval workouts help students boost endurance and increase total body strength
$160 $28
$20 for $40 Groupon — Untamed Strength
Untamed Strength
$40 $20
60-Minute Private Pilates Sessions with Four or Nine Pilates Classes at Maverick Pilates Studio (Up to 64% Off)
Maverick Pilates Studio
Private sessions introduce students to Pilates fundamentals and techniques with additional classes to build strength and stamina
$215 $79
10 or 20 CrossFit Classes at MVMNT CrossFit (Up to 80% Off)
MVMNT CrossFit
Trainers specialize in strength and conditioning training, inventing new workouts daily to reach optimal performance at any fitness level
$150 $32
One Month of Unlimited Boot Camp Classes for One or Two at Results The 24 Hour Gym (Up to 84% Off)
Results The 24 Hour Gym
Boot camp classes are designed to tighten and tone the body, burn fat, and boost metabolism during early-morning or post-work sessions
$179 $39
$20 for 30-Class Yoga and Fitness Pass from Yoga & Fitness Passport ($300 Value)
Yoga & Fitness Passport
Students can use this 30-class pass at multiple locations to take everything from yoga to Zumba, signing up on an easy online platform
$300 $20
$98 for One Month of Unlimited Martial-Arts Fitness Classes at Urijah Faber's Ultimate Fitness ($149 Value)
Urijah Faber's Ultimate Fitness
Central Sacramento
MMA-style fitness classes for any age or experience level, including kickboxing, boxing, and jiu-jitsu classes
$149 $98
$30 for a Three-Course Cooking Class with Wine for One at Napoli Culinary Academy ($150 Value)
Napoli Culinary Academy
A chef guides students through the preparation of three courses, such as Italian or international cuisine, in hands-on classes with wine
$28 for One Month of Unlimited CrossFit Light Classes at CrossFit ($180 Value)
CrossFit Envy
Southeastern Sacramento
Coaches guide exercise routines that combine weightlifting, gymnastics, and track-and-field techniques to build strength and versatility
$180 $28
$75 for 30 Days of Unlimited Classes — Starke Fitness
Stärke Fitness
5 or 10 Yoga Classes at The Yoga Solution (Up to 72% Off)
The Yoga Solution
East Sacramento
Supportive environment invites students of all skill levels to improve body and mind through a variety of yoga classes
$75 $21
$25 for 10 Boot-Camp Classes at Fit 2 Ripped Fitness ($100 Value)
Fit 2 Ripped Fitness
Passionate instructors lead patrons in high-intensity boot-camp regimens in the outdoors
$100 $25
10 Sessions or One Month of Cross-Training Bootcamp Classes at Pasifika Fitness (Up to 76% Off)
Pasifika Fitness
Led by a certified trainer, high-intensity workouts help students build lean, powerful muscle with ever-changing daily routines
1 Month of Classes or 5 Barre Classes at The Dailey Method in Folsom and Downtown Sacramento (Up 73% Off)
The Dailey Method Sacramento
Boost core strength, flexibility, and physical awareness while focusing on posture; locations include a new location in downtown Sacramento
$180 $49
One or Three Months of Unlimited Boot-Camp Classes at HAVUK Fit 2 Fight Training Center (Up to 77% Off)
HAVUK Fit 2 Fight Training Center
Participants forge new muscles during boot-camp classes taught by experienced coaches
$85 $29
Boot-Camp, Personal-Training, Spin Classes, and Tanning Packages at Elite Fitness and Performance (Up to 91% Off)
Elite Fitness and Performance
Trainer motivates clients during one-hour group boot camp and one-on-one training sessions that meld bodyweight and cardio exercises
$266 $32
$39 for One Month of Unlimited Classes at Figure 8 Women's Fitness Classes ($89 Value)
Figure 8 Women's Fitness Classes
Drop in on fitness classes such as boot camp, strength training, and Zumba
$89 $39
Four Weeks of Unlimited Boot-Camp Classes at Custom Fitness (55% Off)
Custom Fitness
Coaches help people of all ages and fitness levels to lose weight and stay fit
$169 $76
$50 for One Month of Unlimited CrossFit Classes at Land Park CrossFit ($200 Value)
Land Park CrossFit
CrossFit sessions build muscle and burn calories with reps of functional cardio and weight-training workouts
$200 $50
Three Beading/Crafting Classes for One or $20 Worth of Beads or Jewelry at Capital City Beads (Up to 50% Off)
Capital City Beads
Bead and jewelry store hosts craft classes such as basic jewelry design, bead weaving, wire wrapping and soldering.
$45 $29
10 or 20 Boot-Camp Classes at Total Body Fitness (Up to 63% Off)
Total Body Fitness
McKinley Park
Boot-camp classes work outdoors and follow a different workout every week, incorporating cardio, strength training, and agility elements
$100 $39.99
Salsa Group Classes for One or Two at Del Campo Dance Studio (Up to 57% Off)
Del Campo Dance Studio
Instructors with backgrounds in dance and education teach students of all levels salsa routines amid a spacious studio
$80 $39
One 30-Class Yoga & Fitness Pass or Six Months of Unlimited Classes from MetaBody (Up to 94% Off)
MetaBody Yoga & Fitness Pass
Instructors encourage full-body results in a variety of fitness classes supplemented by a success guide and nutritional coaching
$350 $20
One 60-Minute Private Salsa Lesson for Up to Two from Andrew Cervantes (50% Off)
Andrew Cervantes
3x World Salsa champ and semi-finalist on America's Got Talent teaches lessons that focus on technique, spinning & lady styling moves
$100 $50
$8 for $15 Groupon — McKeever School of Irish Dance
Mckeever School Of Irish Dance
$15 $8
Two or Four Weeks of Unlimited Boot-Camp Classes with Meal Plan from Healthy Habits Studio (Up to 67% Off)
Healthy Habits Studio
Midtown Sacramento
Instructors lead strength and cardio routines during boot-camp classes
$98.50 $43
$22 for One Month of Unlimited CrossFit Light Classes at CrossFit Sacramento (Up to $150 Value)
CrossFit Sacramento
$150 $22
BYOB Acrylic or Mix-Media Painting Class for One or Two at Just For Fun Art (Up to 55% Off)
Just For Fun Art
Students follow an instructor step-by-step to create acrylic or mix-media masterpieces, all while sipping BYOB beverages
8 or 16 Boxing Classes at Flawless Boxing Fitness (Up to 71% Off)
Flawless Boxing & Fitness
From the merchant: Jab, cross, hook your way to rapid fat loss with world-class boxing and fitness coaches. Come train with us!
$150 $50
$33 for 30 Days of Unlimited Hot-Yoga Classes at Yoga Loka ($135 Value)
Yoga Loka
Attentive instructors teach the tenets of yoga philosophy and lead students of all abilities through hot Bikram-style classes
$135 $33
Four Weeks of Boot Camp with Two or Three Classes Per Week at True Fitness Boot Camp (Up to 77% Off)
True Fitness Boot Camp
Personal trainer leads 60-minute strength and cardio sessions that tone and strengthen the entire body
$99 $25
BYOB Date-Night Pottery Class or Drop-In Art Class for Two at MyStudio (68% Value)
Couples attempt to shape a vase or bowl on the pottery wheel or complete an oil painting, wood carving or sculpture with guided instruction
$60 $20
$30 for 12-Class Pass, Each Groupon Good for One CrossFit Class at American River CrossFit ($180 Value)
American River CrossFit
Take part in group classes that help you build muscle at any fitness level and improve your strength, agility, and focus
$15 $2.50
Mosaic Fused-Tile, Basket-Weave, or Glass-Flower Class at Rainbow Glass (Up to 47% Off)
Rainbow Glass
Students make basket-weaved plates, craft glass flowers, or create tile mosaics
$60 $32
Four or Eight Beginners' Group Classes, or Four Private Classes at Tango on Broadway (Up to 46% Off)
Tango on Broadway
Beginners learn the basics of Argentine tango in group lessons; private lessons for individuals or couples are tailored to students' needs
$40 $22
$22 for a Cooking Class at Sacramento Natural Foods Co-op (Up to $49 Value)
Sacramento Natural Foods Co-op
Upcoming demonstrations and hands-on sessions cover everything from from soups and cheese to making dim sum from scratch
$49 $22
Clay Sculpting and Glazing Session for One or Two at Create Ceramics (Up to 50% Off)
Create Ceramics
Students create their own clay masterpieces with sculpting sessions, kiln-firing, and glazing, with all materials provided
$14 $7.50
Two-Day Sewing Course at Agee Fashion (50% Off)
Agee Fashion Institute
Rancho Cordova
From the merchant: Learn the basics of sewing using your own machine or borrow one of ours; ages 16 and up
$29 of One Month of Unlimited Boot-Camp Sessions at Basic Training (Up to $110 Value)
Basic Training
Torch calories and tackle goals during challenging functional workouts designed by a military drill instructor and master fitness trainer
$110 $29
Four Weeks of Unlimited CrossFit Classes at Westbound CrossFit (72% Off)
Westbound Crossfit
West Sacramento
From the merchant: Get fit in one of Sacramento's most electric gyms! In small group classes, coaches help you achieve your goals.
$160 $45
Beginner Glass-Blowing, Bead-Making, or Glass Fusion Class at Design with Fire (Up to 62% Off)
Design with Fire
Students form beads and inimitable glass artwork during interactive workshops helmed by skilled glassworkers
$95 $50
5 Beginner West Coast Swing Dance Classes for 1 or 2 People at West Coast Swing University (Up to 61% Off)
West Coast Swing University
Beginners learn the basics of West Coast Swing and extension-compression techniques during weekly, one-hour classes
$50 $22
Six Training Sessions from Armour fitness (67% Off)
Armour Fitness
$300 $99
$49 for Four Private Guitar Lessons with Free Lesson e-Book at American Guitar Academy ($129.95 Value)
American Guitar Academy
Under the tutelage of skilled instructors, prospective rock icons learn scales, chords, and soloing techniques during 30-minute lessons
$129.95 $49
$48 for Dance Lessons for One or Two People at Arthur Murray Dance Studio ($340 Value)
Arthur Murray Dance Studio - Carmichael
Arthur Murray Dance Center - Carmichael
Professional dancers can help you better your skills
$340 $48
One or Two Months of Unlimited Women's Kickboxing Boot-Camp Classes at Knuckles Fitness (Up to 73% Off)
Knuckles Fitness
Women tone their muscles in no-contact workouts that emphasize conditioning and cardio training
$100 $29
5 or 10 Group Fitness Classes or a Month of Unlimited Group Classes at Revolutionary Fitness (Up to 76% Off)
Revolutionary Fitness
High-intensity workouts are based around functional movements and equipment such as kettlebells, medicine balls, TRX, and barbells
$75 $19
Jewelry-Making Class for One or Two at California Institute of Jewelry Training (Up to 60% Off)
California Institute of Jewelry Training
San Juan
Jewelry-making students use their creativity and new skills to shape precious metal clay into pendants for necklaces or bracelets
$140 $61
Punch Card for 5, 10, or 20 Yoga Classes at Aha Yoga (Up to 70% Off)
Aha Yoga
Fair Oaks
Vinyasa, hot, and restorative yoga classes taught daily boost flexibility and strength
$65 $32
$65 for $130 Worth of unlimited Boot Camp for one month — FitForce Bootcamp
Fitforce Bootcamp
$130 $65
$33 for Eight Weeks of Unlimited Boot-Camp Classes at FitRanX ($250 Value)
North Sacramento
Boot-camp classes adhere to an eight-level ranking system that sets concrete goals for participants at each fitness level
$250 $33
$59 for Four Weekly 30-Minute Music Lessons at Rock Inc. ($125 Value)
Rock Inc.
Citrus Heights
Students of all levels develop their musical skills in guitar, bass, piano, or voice lessons
$125 $52
20 CrossFit Classes at Citrus Heights Crossfit (79% Off)
Citrus Heights Crossfit
From the merchant: Coaches welcome individuals looking for something new, interested in getting back in shape, or wanting to push themselves
$150 $31
$38 for Wine Class with Tasting and Food Pairings at Sergio's Steak and Seafood ($118 Value)
Sergio's Steak and Seafood
Learn about the finer points of winemaking and wine with a class that includes tasting of four glasses with four-course tapas pairings
$118 $38
1, 2, or 3 Months of Fitness Classes with Personal Training at Opt In Fitness at Robinson's Taekwondo (Up to 79% Off)
Opt In Fitness at Robinson's Taekwondo
Burn calories and build muscles in cardio kickboxing and strength-training classes; personal trainers help clients meet their fitness goals
$135 $30
$40 for Four Weeks of Children's Dance Lessons from Cynthia's Dance Center ($105.23 Value)
Cynthia's Dance Center
Studio led by an experienced dancer teaches ballet, jazz, tap, and lyrical performance to kids 2 years and up
$105.23 $40
Six Drop-In Yoga Classes or a Month of Yoga Classes at Total Yoga (68% Off)
Total Yoga
60-minute classes help students learn a variety of styles such as Vinyasa, Hatha, and power yoga with breathing and meditation techniques
$60 $19
Wine-Glass-Painting Class for Two or Four Plus Complimentary Wine at American Visions Art Gallery (Up to 55% Off)
American Visions Art Gallery
Outing pairs instructional painting and 16-ounce glass of wine; includes art supplies, snacks, and a beverage
$75 $34
One or Two Months of Fitness Classes at Curves Orangevale (Up to 79% Off)
Curves Orangevale
Classes include Zumba, Body Basics, And Jillian Michaels–inspired circuit training
$98 $21
Workout Program Membership for Adults and Kids at Playground Fitness (Up to 81% Off). Four Options Available.
Playground Fitness
Folsom Kids Play Park
Outdoor workout program gets the whole family active, hosting classes for parents and their children that emphasize playfulness over reps
$100 $32
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jazzyfantazzy replied to your photo: I got these little tart cabochons in the mail a…
Do you use an icing tip for your silicone? If so any tips? I have THE hardest time getting it to come out nice lol
Yeah, I used an icing tip, but don't ask me for tips! Lol..this was my first time so it's not that great either, but check out http://fuckyeahdecoden.tumblr.com/ they're really nice & helpful with questions! :-]

subset: commoncrawl


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Drinking Heavy Amounts Of Alcohol
Drinking heavy amounts of alcohol over a long period of time in May decreased brain volume, according to research that was presented at the American Academy of Neurology 59th Annual Meeting in Boston, 28 April - 5 May 2007. The study found that more people drink alcohol on a regular basis, the lowest volume of their brains.
"Research has shown a beneficial effect of alcohol in reducing the incidence of cardiovascular disease in people who consume low to moderate amounts of alcohol. However, this study found that more of alcohol consumption is negatively correlated with brain volume, "said study author Carol Ann Paul, MS, of Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA.
This cross-sectional study of a people who had more than 14 drinks per week had an average of 1.6 per cent reduction in the ratio of brain volume to skull size compared to people who did not drink. In other words, the brain volume decreased 25 percent on average for every increase in drinking category (ie non-drinkers, former drinkers, low drinkers, moderate drinkers or high drinkers ).
In addition, Paul reported the inverse relationship between alcohol and brain volume was slightly higher among women than among men. Also, drinking heavy amounts of alcohol appears to have the greatest negative impact on brain volume of women 70 years.
Looking at the longitudinal effects of alcohol, those who were 12 years of history of alcohol had less brain volume than those that have changed in the high drinking group during these 12 years. Researchers on these results to ensure that these differences hold up.
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text:
Due to inclement weather, Northwest ISD campuses and offices will be closed Thursday, March 5. Additionally, there will be no after-school activities on Thursday. Due to the school closure, report cards will be distributed on Friday, March 6.
For the 14th consecutive year, Northwest ISD is the recipient of the Meritorious Budget Award for excellence in budget presentation during the 2014–2015 budget year by the Association of School Business Officials (ASBO) International.
We're proud of the impact technology in NISD classrooms has had on student learning. However, we know that we can't rest on past successes. In living out the belief, continuous improvement is essential for future success, last fall, Northwest ISD participated in an assessment with the Consortium for School Networking (CoSN) to provide recommendations for the district.
Approximately 2,053 parents responded to the Northwest ISD Parent Survey conducted in December.
Instructional Technology Coordinator Cara Carter has been named a top three finalist for Texas Computer Education Association (TCEA) Instructional Technology Specialist of the Year.
NISD's CyLynn Braswell has been named the new director of career and technical education. CyLynn has worked in NISD since 2010 as an agricultural science instructor and the coordinator at NISD's Outdoor Learning Center.
On February 20, the NISD Education Foundation (NEF) grant brigade surprised 32 teachers at 12 campuses across the district by presenting them with an innovative teaching grant. This year, NEF awarded $99,856.27 in teaching grants.
Northwest ISD is excited to be the only school district in Texas to partner with Durham School Services to offer a new communication tool.
2001 Texan Dr.
Justin, Texas 76247
817-215-0000 or 940-648-3224
PO Box 77070
Fort Worth, Texas 76177
Northwest Independent School District is not responsible for content on external websites.


text:
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Only surviving synagogue near Auschwitz on verge of collapse
tags: Holocaust, Judaism, Poland, Auschwitz, Jews, Nazi, NBCA synagogue near the former Nazi death camp Auschwitz is on the verge of collapse, officials warned on Wednesday.
The head of the Auschwitz Jewish Center Foundation, which maintains the historic building in the southern Polish city of Oswiecim, said in a phone interview that the synagogue is on unstable ground and if it is not reinforced soon, it may crumble.
"There are already small cracks visible," Tomasz Kuncewicz said. "A thorough examination found that the ground is unstable and with heavy rain or something similar, anything can happen."...
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- Scholar calls ISIS destruction of antiquities an example of ethnic cleansing
- Historian Qingjia Edward Wang never thought he would one day write a book about chopsticks.
- Bernard Bailyn's influence on the profession is hailed in the WSJ


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An open flat at Mariaberg in the absolut central of Stockholm. This is the oldest part of Stockholm. Super close to everything, still it's calm with no traffic. Millenium novels take place here. Big kitchen and big dining table. Modern style.
Contact Host
Matsal, kök och vardagsrum i öppen planlösning.
Space where guests can cook their own meals
Central heating or a heater in the listing
Towels, bed sheets, soap, and toilet paper
In the building, free or for a fee
Continuous access in the listing
Breakfast is provided.
The listing can accommodate a gathering of 25 or more attendees
Easy access to the building and listing for guests in wheelchairs
Private or Shared
Free, in the building or nearby
Posted emergency information and resources
The Space
An open flat at Mariaberg in the absolut central of Stockholm. This is the oldest part of Stockholm.
67 km2. A small terrace to the west, beautiful sunset. Super close to everything, still it's calm with no traffic. Millenium novels take place here. Big kitchen and big dining table. Modern style.
Top floor, great view and a nice backyard where kids can play without any danger from traffic. Perfect for a family with two small kids. Or a couple. Subway is a few minutes away.
One big master bed for 2 persons, I singel bed, a good sofa to sleep in and an extra bed. 2 small beds for kids. Baby chairs.
Very light space, early sun, so bring sleep masks. No elevator.
Many good restaurant, bars and cafés in the area. Close to the beach at Långholmen.
(website hidden)
Guest Access
No limit
Interaction with Guests
When needed
The Neighborhood
In the house lives many families with small children, they wake up at 7 am and goes to bed at 20. Do you have children I recommend Ivar Lo-park higher up the slopes on Bastugatan. One of the world's most beautiful parks with a great playground for both small and larger children. Go also on Monteliusvägen, Stockholm's most beautiful views of streets. (The second best is Fjällgatan which you also have to see.)
Getting around
Perfect public transportation.
Other Things to Note
From the terrace you can see Skinnarviksberget central Stockholm highest point with mile wide city views 360 degrees. At least one sunset you should enjoy up here. Bring wine and a mini grill and you have an experience of a lifetime.
Finally, take care of the apartment. It is my family's home and we love to stay at Kattgränd 8.
Köket med diskmaskin, kyl och frys. Bra ventilation.
Viggo's place is great and in a perfect location in Södermalm. Everything was as promised and pictures and communication was fast and problem free. I would definitely recommend staying at Viggo's!
We had a fantastic time in Vigo's house. We enjoyd the space, cosy atmosphere, good location, central in the nice district Södermalm.
The apartment - Not as good as the pictures, but what in life is. It is a very pleasant and good sized space and very quiet. One feels comfortable in it. The location is very convenient and central, though we did not find the immediate vicinity very interesting. It is, however, very convenient with good supermarkets nearby. We found a very good bakery nearby which we can recommend: Fabrique on Rosenlandgatan. The bath has a peculiar geometry. A taller person might have an issue with it.
We had issues with the host - who was not as responsive to the e-mails and basic queries as we would have liked and we came to regret the decision to stay here.
Viggo is a very friendly and communicative person. We could always reach him if there were problems. The apartment is very nice and for four people perfectly. We always can recommend viggo and his apartment.
Sehr nette Gegend- sehr zentral- sehr helle Wohnung - Ankunft u Abfahrt gut geklappt- gute Erreichbarkeit d Gastgebers.
Viggo was very helpful by sending us a list of to-dos and don't-dos, complete with recommendations of supermarkets and how to get to his place from the nearest rail station.
We had a great time at Viggo's! The apartment is in an excellent area and was very comfortable for three adults. The apartment has great views of the city and is near many great cafes and shops. Viggo was very responsive when we had questions about the apartment.
Viggo Cavling is salesman in words – spoken, print and digital.
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text: ApartmentStorage Unit Availability The Saum Floorplan: Studio, 1 Bath 0 Bedroom/1 BathSave time and money! Lease online and only pay $9.95 application fee! Don't miss out on our other building- The Hutcheson Arms! Apartments feature all hardwood floors, walk in closets, and amazing views! OPENINGS! Efficiency- March 20th, $470 Studio- April 4th- $505 CompareBldgApt.Unit #Sq FtPriceAvailable 1919S005500$590NowRequest to Hold Mezzanine studio with hardwood laminate flooring. New appliances in a classic kitchen 1919S507500$595NowRequest to Hold 5th floor studio with multiple closets. Historic ceiling moldings and 1920's features. 1919S305500$58504/19/2015Request to Hold 3rd floor studio with multiple closets. Historic ceiling moldings and 1920's features. Compare Selected ApartmentsUnits Can't find what you are looking for? Notify me when an apartmentunit I want becomes available Show all available apartmentsunits Search for apartmentunit number *Valid for new residents only. Square footages displayed are approximate and may vary slightly. Rental rates, availability, lease terms, deposits, apartment features and specials are subject to change without notice. Discounts and other credits not already included in the price displayed will be calculated upon lease execution. Minimum lease terms and occupancy guidelines may apply. Deposits may fluctuate based on credit, rental history, income, and/or other qualifying standards. Additional taxes and fees may apply and will be disclosed per governing laws and company policies. Rent based on 12 month term unless otherwise indicated. Copyright © 2003 - 2015 VaultWare, a part of MRI Software. All rights reserved. Equal Housing Opportunity.


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Trillium CNG will design, build and operate a high-volume, fast-fill compressed natural gas (CNG) station project for the Richmond, Va.-based GRTC Transit System. The agency is replacing all of its bus fleet — 152 buses — from diesel to natural gas, and 78 paratransit vehicles from gasoline to natural gas as vehicles are retired from the fleet.
RELATED: "Central Ohio moves from diesel to CNG."
The station design is focused on high-performance fueling and energy efficient operations and will feature Trillium's patented HY-C technology, which dispenses CNG at a rate similar to diesel using a hydraulic compressor. Trillium's smart control system will manage the CNG station to ensure optimal and efficient use of the compression equipment. The smart control system can result in savings up to 30% on power costs while maintaining fast fuel rates, according to the company. "We specialize in fueling public transit bus fleets economically, quickly and efficiently," said Mary Boettcher, president of Trillium CNG. "Our CNG stations feature technologically superior and patented equipment. We're glad to bring this fueling solution to GRTC for the benefit of the citizens of Richmond and the surrounding area GRTC serves." Engineering and permitting for the station is under way. Construction is scheduled to begin in late September and be completed by early spring. The station will be constructed of American-made equipment in compliance with U.S. Department of Transportation's Buy America provisions.
While Founder Matt George is interested in connecting Capitol Hill, K Street and Dupont Circle, it's not yet clear if those will be the neighborhoods Bridj starts with. The start-up is encouraging interested customers to request specific routes on its website
The contract for 110 XN40 buses contains a firm order for 52 buses with options for an additional 58 buses and is valued at approximately $53 million dollars.
Des Moines Area Regional Transit's 60-foot low floor articulated buses will replace high-floor buses and include newly installed ramps, remanufactured power trains, transmissions, engines and brakes. It will also be equipped with two ADA compliant wheelchair lifts.
The agency rolled out real-time data on MetroRapid and MetroRail last year, receiving strong positive feedback from customers.
The 80-seat coach, offering its riders comfy excursions with spectacular views — particularly to and from San Francisco — made its first cruise on the Line U, from Fremont to Stanford University, before being deployed on other daily routes.
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How to change DNS settings on Mac OS X isn't as hard as you may think – and will only take a few minutes to change! Our easy to follow tutorial explains how to change DNS settings on Mac to avoid slow speeds, plus changing DNS on Mac can also un-block some websites.
DNS stands for "Domain Name System". Without it, you would have to remember the IP address of every site you wanted to visit instead of just the website or domain name. So instead of simply remembering "google.com" you would have to enter 188.8.131.52. It's a bit like an address book, instead of having to remember your friends mobile number, you just need to remember their name.


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The trustees of Lilawati Hospital are under scanner over their alleged role in money laundering.
The government has set the ball rolling for estimating black money by signing agreements with three leading think-tanks NCAER, NIFM and NIPFP to conduct study on unaccounted income generated inside and outside the country.
Income Tax department initiated an inquiry into around 8,000 MoUs signed by several investors and the state govt at this year`s high profile Vibrant Gujarat Summit(VGS) to bring in an anticipated Rs 21 lakh crore investment.
The Income-Tax department has filed an appeal in Bombay High Court against an order of its tribunal allowing Bollywood actor Shah Rukh Khan to seek tax reliefs for using his membership at a club in suburban Bandra and his BMV Range Rover car for professional reasons.
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Patent application title: THERAPY-SELECTION METHODS FOR IMPLANTABLE HEART MONITORS
Milton M. Morris (Minneapolis, MN, US)
Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc.
IPC8 Class: AA61N100FI
USPC Class:
607 9
Class name: Light, thermal, and electrical application electrical therapeutic systems heart rate regulating (e.g., pacing)
Publication date: 2009-05-07
Patent application number: 20090118781
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An implantable heart-monitoring device comprising one or more leads for
sensing electrical signals of a patient's heart a therapy circuit for
delivering pharmaceuticals to the patient; and a monitoring circuit
coupled to the one or more leads and to the therapy circuit, the
monitoring circuit for monitoring heart activity of the patient through
one or more of the leads, the monitoring circuit operable to: determine a
minimum interval from a set of two or more intervals based on sensed
heart activity, determine a range parameter based on a difference between
a first subset and second subset of the intervals, determine a dispersion
parameter quantifying dispersion of a subset of the intervals, and to
determine an assessment value for the set of intervals, based on the
minimum interval, the range parameter, the dispersion index.Claims:
1. (canceled)
2. An implantable heart-monitoring device comprising:one or more leads for sensing electrical signals of a patient's heart;a therapy circuit for delivering pharmaceuticals to the patient; anda monitoring circuit coupled to the one or more leads and to the therapy circuit, the monitoring circuit for monitoring heart activity of the patient through one or more of the leads, the monitoring circuit operable to:determine a minimum interval from a set of two or more intervals based on sensed heart activity,determine a range parameter based on a difference between a first subset and second subset of the intervals,determine a dispersion parameter quantifying dispersion of a subset of the intervals, andto determine an assessment value for the set of intervals, based on the minimum interval, the range parameter, the dispersion index.
3. The device of claim 2, wherein the monitoring circuit is further operable to compare the assessment value to a threshold to determine a therapy option.
4. The device of claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more leads includes at least one atrial sense amplifier.
5. The device of claim 2, wherein at least one of the one or more leads includes an analog-to-digital converter.
6. The device of claim 2, wherein the therapy circuit further includes:at least one capacitor and other circuitry for delivering electrical energy in measured doses through the one or more leads to the patient's heart.
7. The device of claim 2, wherein the monitoring circuit includes multiple processors arranged to execute in parallel.
8. The device of claim 2, wherein the monitor circuit includes two or more interconnected hardware modules, wherein at least one of the interconnected hardware modules include a minimum-interval-determination module operable to determine the minimum interval from the set of two or more intervals based on the sensed heart activity.
9. The device of claim 2, further including:a wireless transceiver operable to allow an external programmer to interrogate and program the implantable heart-monitoring device.
10. A method of identifying a therapy option for a medical device comprising:receiving at the medical device one or more electrical signals including data representative of an electrogram;calculating a set of two or more intervals related to the data representative of the electrogram;calculating a minimum interval based on the set of intervals;calculating a range statistic based on a difference between a first subset and a second subset of the intervals;calculating a dispersion index based on a stability measurement for at least a subset of the intervals;calculating a number based on the minimum interval, the range statistic, the dispersion index;comparing the number to a threshold; anddetermining a rhythmic state based on the comparison of the number to the threshold.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the stability measurement is a weighted average of differences between successive intervals.
12. The method of claim 10, wherein comparing the number to a threshold includes:determining that the number is greater than the threshold;diagnosing an indication of a first heart condition based on the number being greater then the threshold; andapplying a therapy appropriate for the diagnosis of an indication of a first heart condition.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein calculating a set of two or more intervals includes calculating a time between ventricular depolarizations.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein calculating a minimum interval includes:rejecting one or more intervals as false intervals based on a length for the one or more intervals.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein calculating a minimum interval includes:sorting the intervals by magnitude; andselecting the smallest interval in the set of intervals.
16. The method of claim 10, including:changing a value for the threshold based on observation of a patient or a group of patients.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein changing a value for the threshold includes wirelessly communicating with the medical device.
18. A method for representing an electrogram signal comprising:receiving at a heart-monitoring device one or more electrical signals including data representative of an electrogram;calculating a set of two or more intervals based on the data representative of the electrogram;calculating a minimum interval based on the set of intervals;calculating a range statistic based on a difference between a first subset and a second subset of the intervals;calculating a dispersion index based on the set of the intervals;choosing any two statistics of the calculated minimum interval, the calculated range statistic, and the calculated dispersion index,defining a line of demarcation in a two-space defined by ordered pairs of the chosen two statistics;determining a coordinate position of a point in the two-space based the calculated values for the chosen two statistics, anddetermining a rhythmic condition using the coordinate position of the point in the two-space relative to the line of demarcation.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the set of two or more intervals are artrial depolarization intervals.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein calculating a dispersion index includes:computing a mean interval using the set of intervals; andcalculating the dispersion index using a third or higher order moment about the mean interval.
21. The method of claim 18, wherein calculating a dispersion index includes weighting one or more of the intervals to give the one or more weighted intervals more or less significance.
[0001]This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/759,744, filed on Jan. 19, 2004, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/955,491, filed on Sep. 18, 2001, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,681,134, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/343,924, filed on Jun. 30, 1999, now issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,314,321, the specifications of which are incorporated herein by reference.
[0002]The present invention concerns heart-monitoring devices and methods, particularly implantable defibrillators, pacemakers, and cardioverters, and methods for processing heart-signal data.
[0003]Since the early 1980s, thousands of patients prone to irregular and sometimes life threatening heart rhythms have had miniature heart-monitoring devices, such as defibrillators, pacemakers, and cardioverters, implanted in their bodies. These devices detect onset of abnormal heart rhythms and automatically apply corrective electrical therapy, specifically one or more bursts of electric current, to their hearts. When the bursts of electric current are properly sized and timed, they restore normal heart function without human intervention, sparing patients considerable discomfort and often saving their lives.
[0004]The typical implantable heart-monitoring device includes a set of electrical leads, which extend from a sealed housing through the veinous system into the inner walls of a heart after implantation. Within the housing are a battery for supplying power, a capacitor for delivering bursts of electric current through the leads to the heart, and heart-monitoring circuitry for monitoring the heart and determining not only when and where to apply the current bursts but also their number and magnitude.
[0005]The monitoring circuitry generally includes a microprocessor and a memory that stores a computer program. The computer program, or more generally the signal-processing algorithm, instructs the microprocessor how to interpret electrical signals that naturally occur during expansion and contraction of a heart muscle. The algorithm also instructs the processor what, if any, electrical therapy should be given to correct abnormal heart rhythms.
[0006]In general, these algorithms are either too complex or too simple. Complex algorithms require considerable processing time and power to implement. Greater processing time generally lengthens device response time, and greater power requirements generally shorten the lifespan of the batteries in these devices. Simple algorithms, though faster and less-power-hungry, are often less accurate in interpreting heart electrical signals, leading devices to overlook some heart conditions, to apply unnecessary electrical therapy, or to apply the wrong type of therapy.
[0007]Accordingly, there is a continuing need for algorithms that are not only energy-efficient, but also highly accurate in diagnosing and treating abnormal heart rhythms.
[0008]To address this and other needs, the inventor has devised new methods for processing heart electrical signals and selecting appropriate therapy options. An exemplary embodiment of the method computes three statistics--a range statistic, a minimum interval statistic, and a dispersion index--from a set of atrial depolarization intervals, which indicate the time between successive depolarizations in the atria of a heart. More particularly, after rejecting the two shortest and two longest intervals, the exemplary embodiment defines the range statistic as the difference between a first and last one of the remaining intervals, the minimum interval as the smallest of the remaining intervals, and the dispersion index as the standard deviation of the remaining intervals.
[0009]The exemplary embodiment then uses the three statistics to compute a number, which the inventor calls an interval dispersion assessment (IDA), to quantify the current rhythmic state of a heart. If this number is greater than a threshold value, typically experimentally determined, the exemplary embodiment interprets the current rhythmic state of the heart as, for example, an atrial or ventricular fibrillation. On the other hand, if the number is less than the threshold value, the exemplary embodiment interprets the rhythmic state as an atrial flutter or ventricular tachycardia.
[0010]Other exemplary methods use the three statistics to define a point in a three-dimensional space. The space is defined by three axes which correspond to the three statistics, making it possible to plot the "position" of the point in the space. These methods also define a surface, for example, a plane in the space, based on a set of values for the three statistics. The set of values are determined using a threshold value as a constraint. Position of the point above or below the surface can then be used to identify a rhythmic state corresponding to the point as, for example, an atrial flutter or atrial fibrillation or as a ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation.
[0011]Ultimately, the exemplary method and other methods embodying teachings of the present invention can be incorporated into medical devices, for example, pacemakers, defibrillators, or cardioverter defibrillators, to identify and treat abnormal rhythmic conditions both efficiently and accurately.
[0012]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an exemplary implantable heart monitor incorporating teachings of the present invention.
[0013]FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary method incorporating teachings of the present invention.
[0014]FIG. 3 is an exemplary graph of a three-dimensional function incorporating teachings of the present invention.
[0015]FIG. 4 is exemplary graph of another three-dimensional function incorporating teachings of the present invention.
[0016]The following detailed description, which references and incorporates FIGS. 1-4, describes and illustrates one or more specific embodiments of the invention. These embodiments, offered not to limit but only to exemplify and teach the invention, are shown and described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention. Thus, where appropriate to avoid obscuring the invention, the description may omit certain information known to those of skill in the art.
[0017]FIG. 1 shows an exemplary implantable heart-monitoring device (or pulse generator) 100 incorporating teachings of the present invention. Device 100 includes a monitoring system 110, a lead system 120, a therapy system 130, a power system 140, and an interconnective bus 150. Monitoring system 110 includes a processor or microcontroller 112 and a memory 114. Memory 114 includes one or more software modules 116 which store one or more computer instructions in accord with the present invention. Some embodiments of the invention replace software modules 116 with one or more hardware or firmware modules. In the exemplary embodiment, processor 112 is a ZiLOG® Z80 microprocessor (with a math coprocessor), and memory 114 is a read-only memory. However, the invention is not limited to any particular microprocessor, microcontroller, or memory.
[0018]Lead system 120, in the exemplary embodiment, includes one or more electrically conductive leads--for example, atrial, ventricular, or defibrillation leads--suitable for insertion into a heart. One or more of these are suitable for sensing electrical signals from a portion of the heart and one or more are suitable for transmitting therapeutic doses of electrical energy. Lead system 120 also includes associated sensing and signal-conditioning electronics, such as atrial or ventricular sense amplifiers and/or analog-to-digital converters, as known or will be known in the art.
[0019]In some embodiments, lead system 120 supports ventricular epicardial rate sensing, atrial endocardial bipolar pacing and sensing, ventricular endocardial bipolar pacing and sensing, epicardial patches, and Endotak® Series and ancillary leads. In some embodiments, lead system 120 also supports two or more pacing regimens, including DDD pacing. Also, some embodiments use a housing for device 100 as an optional defibrillation electrode. The invention, however, is not limited in terms of lead or electrode types, lead or electrode configurations, pacing modes, sensing electronics, or signal-conditioning electronics.
[0020]Therapy system 130 includes one or more capacitors and other circuitry (not shown) for delivering or transmitting electrical energy in measured doses through lead system 120 to a heart or other living tissue. In the exemplary embodiment, therapy system 130 includes aluminum electrolytic or polymer-based capacitors. However, other embodiments use one or more other devices for administering non-electrical therapeutic agents, such as pharmaceuticals, to a heart. Thus, the invention is not limited to any particular type of therapy system.
[0021]In general operation, lead system 120 senses atrial or ventricular electrical activity and provides data representative of this activity to monitoring system 110. Monitoring system 110, specifically processor 112, processes this data according to instructions of software module 116 of memory 114. If appropriate, processor 112 then directs or causes therapy system 130 to deliver one or more measured doses of electrical energy or other therapeutic agents through lead system 120 to a heart.
[0022]FIG. 2, which shows an exemplary flow chart 200, illustrates an exemplary data-processing method embodied within software module 116 and executed by processor 112. Flow chart 200 includes blocks 202-220, which are arranged serially in the exemplary embodiment. However, other embodiments of the invention may execute two or more blocks in parallel using multiple processors or a single processor organized as two or more virtual machines or subprocessors. Moreover, still other embodiments implement the blocks as two or more specific interconnected hardware modules with related control and data signals communicated between and through the modules. For example, block 206 can be built as a range-determination module, block 208 as a minimum-interval-determination module 208, block 210 as a dispersion-index-determination module 210, and block 212 as an interval-assessment module 212 which receives inputs from modules 208-210 and outputs a signal or quantity based on these inputs. Thus, the exemplary process flow is instructive to software, firmware, and hardware implementations.
[0023]In process block 202, processor 112 of device 100, receives data representative of all or part of an electrogram, including atrial (or ventricular) electrical activity. From this data, the processor calculates the time between successive atrial (or ventricular) depolarizations. In other words, the processor computes a set of pp-intervals (or atrial intervals) from the electrogram, with each pp-interval based on the time between one atrial depolarization and the next occurring atrial depolarization in the electrogram. Other embodiments compute intervals based on other generally recurrent features in the electrogram.
[0024]At process block 204, the processor selects a predetermined number Y of the computed intervals for further processing, thereby defining a data window. For example, one embodiment extracts the last 12 consecutive intervals; another extracts the first or last 48 consecutive intervals; and yet another extracts the last or first 3 or 6 consecutive intervals. The selection process, in the exemplary embodiment, also entails sorting the computed intervals by magnitude and rejecting a certain number of the smallest intervals, for example the two smallest, and a certain number of the largest intervals, for example the two largest. Thus, the present invention is not limited to any particular number of intervals or to any particular scheme of selecting these intervals.
[0025]As shown in process blocks 206, 208, and 210, the processor then uses the set of Y intervals to calculate three statistics. In block 206, the processor determines the range of the last Y intervals, that is, the time, or temporal distance, between the earliest or first intervals and the most-recent or last interval included in the set of Y intervals. Some embodiments define and calculate the range based the time between the average of a first subset of the intervals and the average of a second subset of the intervals.
[0026]Thus, for example, one embodiment averages the earliest or first three intervals to determine a first composite interval, averages the latest or last three intervals to determine a second composite interval, and then computes the range as the difference of the first and second composite intervals. Moreover, variations of this embodiment, average the intervals using a weighted averaging scheme to give one or more of the intervals greater or lesser significance within the resulting composite interval.
[0027]Still other embodiments replace the range statistic with stability measurements as used in the existing Ventak® family of devices manufactured by Guidant Corporation of St. Paul, Minn. Stability measurements are weighted averages of the differences between successive intervals. For example, if there are three intervals, one stability measurement would be the average of the difference of the first and second intervals and the difference of the second and third intervals. Weights may be chosen to emphasize or deemphasize the relative importance of certain intervals, for example, older or younger intervals.
[0028]In block 208, the processor determines a minimum interval from the set of Y intervals. In the exemplary embodiment, the processor selects the smallest interval in the set of Y intervals. However, in other embodiment, determining the minimum interval entails averaging two or more of the smallest intervals and/or selecting a minimum interval from a subset of the Y intervals. For example, some embodiments reject one or more of the intervals as a false interval, based on their length, to prevent them from corrupting the process of determining a minimum interval.
[0029]Block 210 entails determining a third statistic, that is, a dispersion index, based on the distribution or dispersion of the set of the Y intervals. The exemplary embodiment computes this dispersion index as the variance or standard deviation of all or a portion of the Y intervals. More specifically, computing the variance entails computing a mean, or average, interval using the relevant intervals, summing the squares of the interval deviations from the average interval (that is, subtracting the mean interval from each relevant interval to obtain a difference, squaring each difference, and adding the squared differences together), and dividing the total sum of these squares by the number of relevant intervals. Variance can be succinctly expressed as
Variance=(N-1)-1*ΣN(Yi-Ymean)2, Eq. (1)
where N denotes the number of relevant intervals, ΣN denotes summation over the N relevant intervals, Yi denotes the i-th one of the relevant intervals, and Ymean denotes the means, or average, of the N relevant intervals. (In some embodiments, N, the number of relevant intervals, is not equal to Y.) Standard deviation is defined as the positive square root of Variance.
[0030]Other embodiments of the invention use other methods to quantify dispersion. For example, one embodiment weights one or more of the intervals to give these intervals more or less significance in an otherwise conventional calculation of variance or standard deviation. Another embodiment, simply averages the absolute deviation of each relevant interval from a mean interval or from a selected one of the relevant intervals, such as the median interval. Still other embodiments of the invention use other measures of interval variation about some other parameter or measure. For example, one can generalize from the use of variance, which is a second order moment about the means of a sample set, to use higher, that is, third, fourth, and so forth, moments about the mean or another desirable quantity. Other embodiments also use versions of a stability measurement.
[0031]After calculation of the dispersion index, execution of the exemplary method proceeds to process block 212. In block 212, the processor calculates a scalar quantity, which the inventor defines as an interval dispersion assessment (IDA), based on the three statistics. In the exemplary embodiment, this entails evaluating a predetermined scalar function at the three statistics. Mathematical, this is expressed as
IDA=f(Range,Min_interval,Dispersion_index), Eq. (2)
where f denotes a predetermined function including at least three variables, or degrees of freedom.
[0032]More particularly, the inventor has devised two exemplary scalar functions. In a first exemplary scalar function, the IDA is directly proportional to the range and the dispersion index and inversely proportional to the minimum interval. In mathematical terms, this is expressed as
IDA1=K*Range*Dispersion_index*(Min_interval)-1 Eq. (3)
where K is a constant, Range denotes the range statistic calculated in block 208, Dispersion_index represents the dispersion index calculated in block 210, and Min_interval is the statistic calculated in block 206. An exemplary value for K is unity.
[0033]In a second exemplary scalar function, the processor computes the AIDA according to the following equation:
IDA2=K1*Range+K2*Dispersion_index+K3*(Min_interval).su- p.-1 Eq. (4)
where K1, K2, and K3 are constants. Thus, the second exemplary scalar function defines the IDA as a weighted sum of the range, dispersion index, and minimum interval. Exemplary values for K1, K2, and K3 are respectively 0.0001, 0.0001, and 1.00. The Min_interval term in equation (4) is indicative of a maximum rate of depolarization. If K3 equals 6000, then this term will equal the maximum rate.
[0034]The three statistics, range, minimum interval, and dispersion index can be combined in an unlimited number of ways to derive an IDA. For example, one embodiment averages IDA1 and IDA2 to determine another IDA, and another simply adds them or portions of them together to determine another IDA. Thus, the invention is not limited to any particular form of mathematical combination.
[0035]After calculating one or more IDAs, the exemplary method proceeds to process block 214, which entails comparing at least one calculated IDA to a therapy threshold. If the IDA is greater than the therapy threshold, it indicates a first heart condition, such as atrial or ventricular flutter, and the processor branches to block 218 at which it directs therapy system 130 to diagnose the current rhythmic state as pace-terminable, which means that pacing pulses are likely to restore normal heart function. If the IDA is less than the therapy threshold, it indicates a second heart condition, such as atrial or ventricular fibrillation, and the processor branches to block 216 to diagnose the current rhythmic state as non-pace terminable, meaning that pacing pulses are not likely to restore normal heart function. An exemplary therapy threshold for discerning atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation using the first exemplary IDA is 2.25 or 5.0, and an exemplary threshold for discerning atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation using the second IDA is 0.001 or 2.25. Generally, one can determine therapy thresholds for an IDA in accord with the present invention, through experimentation using actual heart data.
[0036]After making the appropriate diagnosis in block 216 or block 218, the processor executes block 220, directing therapy system 130 to apply a therapy appropriate for the classification of the current rhythmic state represented by the intervals. The inventor forecasts that the use of the interval dispersion assessment as a determinant of therapy choice will ultimately result in more accurate therapy choices than is possible with algorithms of similar complexity. Moreover, the accuracy of the exemplary interval dispersion assessment or other versions may even rival that of more complex algorithms while saving considerable power and processing time.
[0037]The comparison of the scalar IDA to scalar threshold is a very simple way of discerning one condition from another condition, for example, atrial flutter or ventricular tachycardia from atrial or ventricular fibrillation. However, another aspect of the invention stems from realization that equations (3) and (4), which are used to compute the exemplary IDAs, can be set equal to a threshold value to define a set of ordered triples, which actually define surfaces in a three-dimensional space. For example, FIGS. 3 and 4 show three-dimensional surfaces developed by setting each of the functions equal to an exemplary threshold values and evaluating them over specific domains of interval range, minimum intervals, and dispersion indices.
[0038]More specifically, FIG. 3 shows a surface 300 plotted in the three-dimensional spaced by an inverse-minimum-interval axis 302, a range axis 304, and a dispersion axis 306. Surface 300 represents a set of minimum intervals, ranges, and dispersions indices which jointly make equation (3) equal 5, with K equal 1. Similarly, FIG. 4 shows a surface 400 plotted in a space defined by an inverse-minimum-interval axis 402, a range axis 404, and a dispersion axis 406. Surface 300 represents a set of minimum intervals, ranges, and dispersions indices which jointly make equation (4) equal 0.01, with K1, K2, and K3 respectively 0.0001, 0.0001, and 1.00.
[0039]Surface 300 and surface 400 divide their respective spaces into two subspaces. One subspace, denoted AF1 for atrial flutter, contains points generated from pace terminable rhythms, and the other subspace, denoted AF for atrial fibrillation, contains points that are non-pace terminable. Thus, in some embodiments, which provide a graphical display for displaying surface 300 or 400, the relation of a point to the surface can be used to diagnose rhythmic states. If an IDA point lies above surface 300 or 400, the processor deems the rhythm that produced the IDA, for example, certain atrial fibrillations, as non-pace terminable. Conversely, if the IDA point lies below the surface or oscillates above and below the surface over time, the processor deems the associated rhythm pace terminable.
[0040]Thus, the three statistics that the exemplary embodiment uses to define an IDA also define a point in a three-space which lies on the surface or on either side of the surface. One can therefore discriminate a condition using its coordinate position relative to a linear or non-linear surface. Similarly, one can choose two of the three statistics and define a line of demarcation in a two-space defined by ordered pairs of the chosen two statistics.
[0041]In some embodiments, implantable device 100 includes a wireless transceiver, which permits use of an external programmer to interrogate and program device 100 via bi-directional radio communications. At a minimum, this allows adjustment of one or more of the thresholds and other parameters defining an IDA. These thresholds and parameters can then be set and changed based on observations of a specific patient or group of patients. In other embodiments, the inventor contemplates replacing or supplementing an existing software module or algorithm with one in accord with the present invention. In still other embodiments, the exemplary methods are used to classify atrial rhythms which are, for example, between 100 and 200 beats per minute, inclusive.
[0042]In furtherance of the art, the inventor devised new methods for processing data representative of a heart electrogram and selecting appropriate therapy options. An exemplary embodiment of the method entails computing three statistics--a range statistic, a minimum interval statistic, and a dispersion index--from a set of depolarization (or polarization) intervals. More particularly, the exemplary embodiment defines the range statistic as the difference between a first and second one of the depolarization intervals, the minimum interval as the smallest of a subset the intervals, and the dispersion index as the standard deviation of the intervals. The exemplary embodiment then uses the three statistics to compute a scalar interval dispersion assessment (IDA), which it compares to a threshold to identify an appropriate therapy option. Ultimately, the exemplary method and other methods incorporating teachings of the present invention, can be incorporated into an implantable medical device, for example, a defibrillator or a cardioverter defibrillator, to identify and treat abnormal rhythmic conditions efficiently and accurately. The teachings of the present invention can also be incorporated into other applications which require classification of system conditions or states based on recurrent events.
[0043]The embodiments described above are intended only to illustrate and teach one or more ways of practicing or implementing the present invention, not to restrict its breadth or scope. The actual scope of the invention, which embraces all ways of practicing or implementing the teachings of the invention, is defined only by the following claims and their equivalents.
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Nabors Prices $700 Million In Senior Unsecured Debt Offering
HAMILTON, Bermuda, Sept. 4, 2013 /PRNewswire/ -- Nabors Industries Ltd. (NYSE:NBR) today announced that its wholly owned subsidiary, Nabors Industries, Inc. ("NII"), has priced $700 million in senior unsecured notes, following the private placement offering it announced earlier today. The notes consist of $350 million aggregate principal amount of 2.35% senior notes due 2016 at an issue price of 99.942% and $350 million aggregate principal amount of 5.10% senior notes due 2023 at an issue price of 99.635%. The notes will be fully and unconditionally guaranteed by Nabors Industries Ltd. The proceeds from the notes are intended to be used, together with cash on hand and borrowings under NII's revolving credit facility, if necessary, to purchase any and all of its outstanding $1.125 billion aggregate principal amount of 9.25% Senior Notes due 2019 that are validly tendered in connection with the NII's tender offer announced today and to pay related fees and expenses.
The notes will be offered and sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and to persons outside the United States in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act and applicable exemptions from registration, prospectus or like requirements under the laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdictions outside the United States. The notes will not be registered under the Securities Act and, unless so registered, may not be offered or sold in the United States except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state securities laws. The notes will also not be registered in any jurisdiction outside of the United States and no action or steps will be taken to permit the offer of the notes in any such jurisdiction where any registration or other action or steps would be required to permit an offer of the notes.
The notes may therefore not be offered or sold in any such jurisdiction except pursuant to an exemption from, or in a transaction not subject to, the relevant requirements of laws and regulations of such jurisdictions.
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Genre/Form: | Early works History Early works to 1800 |
Document Type: | Book |
All Authors / Contributors: |
Girolamo Savonarola |
OCLC Number: | 18425159 |
Notes: | Translation of author's Triumphus crucis. "A work very usefull to confute the atheisme, infidelity, and apostasie of this later age ..." Imperfect: tightly bound, with print show-through. Reproduction of original in the Trinity College Library, Cambridge University. |
Reproduction Notes: | Microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International, 1985. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm. (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1643:12). |
Description: | [22], 468, [10] pages |
Series Title: | Early English books, 1641-1700, 1643:12. |
Other Titles: | Triumphus crucis. Triumph of the cross of Christ |
Responsibility: | by Hier. Savonarola ; done into English out of the authours own Italian copy ... |
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text: CNN Student News - August 20, 2013By Updated 2354 GMT (0654 HKT) August 19, 2013Just WatchedCNN Student News - 8/20/13replayMore Videos ...CNN Student News - 8/20/13 09:59Story highlightsThis page includes the show Transcript, the Daily Curriculum, and MapsUse the Transcript to help students with reading comprehension and vocabularyThe Daily Curriculum offers the Media Literacy Question of the Day, Key Concepts, Fast Facts and Discussion QuestionsAt the bottom of the page, please share your feedback about our show and curriculum August 20, 2013On this page you will find today's show Transcript, the Daily Curriculum, Maps pertaining to today's show, and a place for you to leave feedback. TRANSCRIPTClick here to access the transcript of today's CNN Student News program. Please note that there may be a delay between the time when the video is available and when the transcript is published.DAILY CURRICULUMClick here for a printable version of the Daily Curriculum (PDF).Media Literacy Question of the Day:Why might it be important to know who is funding a video that promotes a cause?Key Concepts: Identify or explain these subjects you heard about in today's show:1. storm front2. Korean War3. texting while drivingFast Facts: How well were you listening to today's program?1. In what year was an armistice signed between North and South Korea to suspend their armed conflict?2. An award-winning film director recently produced a documentary warning people about what danger?3. In the U.S. music industry, what is the category for a single or album that sells 10 million copies or more? Discussion Questions:1. Do you think that planned reunions between separated North and South Korean families will have an impact on their countries' relations? Why or why not?2. Do videos about the dangers of texting while driving change people's driving behavior? What were your thoughts on what students said about this issue? In your opinion, what else could be done to discourage drivers from texting? Explain.3. What was your impression of the music played on a cell phone in today's report? Do you think it will soon be common to play music professionally on cell phones? Why or why not?CNN Student News is created by a team of journalists and educators who consider the Common Core State Standards, national standards in different subject areas, and state standards when producing the show and curriculum. We hope you use our free daily materials along with the program, and we welcome your feedback on them.MAPSDownload PDF maps related to today's show: AsiaNorth Korea; South KoreaNorth AmericaMississippi; IdahoFEEDBACKWe're looking for your feedback about CNN Student News. Please use this page to leave us comments about today's program, including what you think about our stories and our resources. Also, feel free to tell us how you use them in your classroom. The educators on our staff will monitor this page and may respond to your comments as well.Thank you for using CNN Student News!More from studentnewsCNN Student News - March 5, 2015CNN Student News - 03/05/15CNN Student News - March 4, 2015Powered by Livefyre