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#41332720 -
Finalcial charts
© Marta P. (Milacroft) - See portfolioPricing
Author | Marta P. (Milacroft)See portfolio |
Image reference | 41332720 |
Country | Spain |
Descriptive Category | Abstract Sign/Symbol |
Conceptual | Business Business Concepts Contemporary Business |
Keywords |
background banking bar blue business calculate canvasses chart concept cube datum design diagram document earning economic economy finance financial graph graphic growth icon illustration increase information investment management market marketing money number percentage plan presentation profit progress render result rise sale slice statistic symbol three-dimensional
See all keywords
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1. Gentoo Linux Security Advisory
Version Information
Related bugreports: #70966
unarj contains a buffer overflow and a directory traversal vulnerability. This could lead to overwriting of arbitrary files or the execution of arbitrary code.
2. Impact Information
unarj is an ARJ archive decompressor.
unarj has a bounds checking vulnerability within the handling of long filenames in archives. It also fails to properly sanitize paths when extracting an archive (if the "x" option is used to preserve paths).
An attacker could trigger a buffer overflow or a path traversal by enticing a user to open an archive containing specially-crafted path names, potentially resulting in the overwrite of files or execution of arbitrary code with the permissions of the user running unarj.
3. Resolution Information
There is no known workaround at this time.
All unarj users should upgrade to the latest version:
Code Listing 3.1: Resolution
# emerge --sync # emerge --ask --oneshot --verbose ">=app-arch/unarj-2.63a-r2"
4. References
Page updated November 19, 2004
Summary: This is a Gentoo Linux Security Advisory
Security Team Contact Address
Donate to support our development efforts.
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subset: commoncrawl


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#47425543 -
Happy Graduated Woman
© DDRockstar - See portfolioPricing
Author | DDRockstarSee portfolio |
Image reference | 47425543 |
Country | Germany |
Descriptive Category | People In Studio Woman |
Conceptual | Lifestyles Education Graduation |
Keywords |
["academic","academy","assistance","brainchild","bright","business","career","clever","college","cutting edge","degree","development","doctor","entrepreneur","female","future","gesture","graduate","hat","idle","innovation","job centre","master","occupation","optimism","optimistic","plain","pretty","prof","robe","student","study","success","unemployed","university","woman","work","workplace"]
academic academy assistance brainchild bright business career clever college cutting edge degree development doctor entrepreneur female future gesture graduate hat idle innovation job centre master occupation optimism optimistic plain pretty prof robe student study success unemployed university woman work workplace
See all keywords
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Available in JPEG format, this photo may be downloaded for all kinds of professional uses and in different resolutions (up to 4,277 x 3,422 pixels in 300 DPI).
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Dictionarya•bridg•mentPronunciation: (u-brij'munt), Strict Standards: Non-static method FenSites::linkTo() should not be called statically in /site/html/dictionary/abridgment.html on line 75 [key] —n. 1. a shortened or condensed form of a book, speech, etc., that still retains the basic contents: an abridgment of Tolstoy's War and Peace. 2. the act or process of abridging. 3. the state of being abridged. 4. reduction or curtailment: abridgment of civil rights. Also,a•bridge'ment. Random House Unabridged Dictionary, Copyright © 1997, by Random House, Inc., on Infoplease.
See also:


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More On Legal & Compliance
from The Advisor's Professional Library- Using Solicitors to Attract Clients Rule 206(4)-3 under the Investment Advisors Act establishes requirements governing cash payments to solicitors. The rule permits payment of cash referral fees to individuals and companies recommending clients to an RIA, but requires four conditions are first satisfied.
- Agency and Principal Transactions In passing Section 206(3) of the Investment Advisers Act, Congress recognized that principal and agency transactions can be harmful to clients. Such transactions create the opportunity for RIAs to engage in self-dealing.
The Securities and Exchange Commission announced Tuesday that it has launched examinations of newly regulated municipal advisors.
In a Tuesday letter to those advisors, the SEC's Office of Compliance Inspections and Examinations said that it would conduct focused, risk-based examinations of municipal advisors that are registered with the SEC, but are not registered with FINRA.
OCIE says that its exam initiative will take place over the next two years and be conducted in three primary phases: engagement, examination and informing policy.
SEC rules that took effect on July 1 generally require municipal advisors to register with the SEC through its EDGAR system by Oct. 31. FINRA started its formal municipal advisor exam program on July 1, when the SEC rule went into effect, and determined, based on a number of risk characteristics, which firms would be examined first, according to a FINRA spokesperson.
OCIE says that the exams are designed to "establish a presence" with the newly regulated municipal advisors, and that over the next two years, OCIE plans to examine a "significant percentage of these advisors using an approach that focuses on identified risks."
Areas targeted for scrutiny may include the municipal advisor's compliance with its fiduciary duty to its municipal entity clients, books and recordkeeping obligations, disclosure, fair dealing, supervision, and employee qualifications and training.
"The municipal advisor examination initiative will focus on the areas that are most important to protecting issuers, investors and municipal taxpayers," said Kevin Goodman, national associate director of OCIE's broker-dealer examination program, in a statement. "We also will promote compliance by engaging these new municipal advisor registrants through outreach."
The SEC is working with the Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board (MSRB) and FINRA to facilitate "a coordinated approach" to oversight of municipal advisors.
OCIE will examine municipal advisors for compliance with applicable SEC rules and applicable final MSRB rules once the MSRB rules are approved by the SEC and become effective.
Later this year, the SEC said, OCIE in coordination with FINRA and the MSRB will hold a Compliance Outreach Program for newly regulated municipal advisors where they will learn more about the examination process and their obligations under the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and related rules.
See Dodd-Frank: Four Years Later on ThinkAdvisor.


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Quality, Compassionate, Care for Your Companion Animal...
6805 Darmstadt Road Evansville, IN 47710 firstname.lastname@example.com Phone Number: 812-867-6651 | Fax Number: 812-867-6654 Emergency Number: 812-422-3300 TRAVEL DIRECTIONS View MapQuest Map Take First Ave. north past North Park Shopping Center, past Mill Rd, past Bible Center Cathedral, Central High School, and Lloyd Pool. We are the first stop on your right after Highland School--catecorner to Wolf's Barbeque. Please also visit our other website: http://www.highlandvet.evetsites.net BUSINESS HOURS
We see outpatients throughout our week, and accept surgical appointments Monday through Thursday ANIMALS TREATED Cats, Dogs, Birds, Small Mammals, Goats, Sheep |


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Sponsored by: Desert Diamond Casino
Dec 12, 2011 7:35 PM
TUCSON - We're continuing our Kristi's Kids Season 4 Hope drive tomorrow with one of our last live broadcasts with News 4 Tucson's Kristi Tedesco.
Tomorrow, Kristi will be broadcasting live from the Tucson Fire Station #20 - 4798 North 1st Ave. (1st and River). Click here for directions, courtesy Google Maps.
She'll be taking your donations of new clothing, food and toys from 4 p.m. to 6:30 p.m., as part of our Season 4 Hope campaign.
We'll be collecting clothes for the Gospel Rescue Mission and the Emerge! Center, new toys for Toys for Tots, and food, including turkeys and hams, for the Community Food Bank of Southern Arizona.
So stop by the Tucson Fire Station #20 tomorrow evening to donate for a great cause, meet News 4's Kristi Tedesco, and maybe see yourself on TV!
Click here for more information on Season 4 Hope.
4 weeks ago


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The Originators of Quick & Easy Cooking!
The Ultimate Dessert MenuBonus: Get our newsletter & special offers for free. We will not share or sell your email address. View our Privacy Policy |
Chocolate Chip Cheesecake
If you're looking for a crowd pleaser, look no further than our all-time favorite Chocolate Chip Cheesecake. The creamy filling between two layers of cookie dough makes for a heavenly treat! What You'll Need:
What To Do:
03 09 15
LATEST TV RECIPE & VIDEOSpinach Potato BakeLooking for a convenient dinnertime solution that's budget-friendly? Our recipe for Spinach Potato Bake is the answer! This deliciously easy casserole is made using ingredients you can find in the freezer aisles, which means less prep work for you and more time to enjoy time around the dinner table! |


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A tough road trip came to a sullen end for Frederick Wednesday night as the Keys mustered just four hits in a 5-1 defeat in Myrtle Beach. The loss left the Keys needing to sweep a five-game series from Potomac to capture the first half crown in the Carolina League's North.
Offensively the Keys never got going in Myrtle Beach. They registered just 13 hits in the three game series. The Pelicans notched 14 hits both Tuesday and Wednesday night.
On Wednesday the Keys got a leadoff single from CF Johnny Ruettiger who then stole second and third amidst the frame. Frederick left him at third base.
Myrtle Beach grabbed the lead in the third inning as 3B Drew Robinson doubled to the wall in centerfield. Consecutive singles followed in a two-run rally for the Pelican. Myrtle beach added a run on three hits in the fourth inning. Keys starter Zach Petersime (2-6) finished the night having allowed 11 hits but only three runs in six innings.
The Keys had an opportunity in the seventh inning as a throwing error and consecutive walks loaded the bases with no outs. Consecutive strikeouts followed and the Keys mustered only one run on a two-out RBI infield single from SS Sammie Starr.
The Keys finished the trip at 1-5. Four of the five losses came by one run. It is the first time the Keys have been swept in a series since they dropped a trio against Winston-Salem from April 9 - April 11 at Harry Grove Stadium. The Keys are 1-6 in Myrtle Beach in 2013.
Frederick returns Thursday, June 13th for a five-game series in four days against Potomac. Peanut Free Night kicks it all off on Thursday at 7:00 p.m. Fireworks follow Friday and Saturday's games. RHP Brady Wager will make his Harry Grove Stadium debut for the Keys.
Tickets can be purchased for all Keys home games at 301-815-9939 during regular business hours or online at frederickkeys.com anytime.
Today on MiLB.com
Top Stories on MiLB.com
- Miami's Nicolino, Urena headed to New Orleans
- Late Judge homer salvages tie for Yankees
- Bass was a slugger 30 years before his time
- Tribe's Lindor headed for Triple-A to open 2015
- Injury shelves Yanks' Torrens for 2015
- 'D'-Listers: Which shortstops rival Lindor?
- Reports: Rays release '10 first-round pick Sale
- Bobbleheads get a Hall of Fame of their own


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"I have tried raising money by asking for it, and by not asking for it. I always got more by asking for it."
Discuss the article on the Forums.
Looking into methylation and need advice on getting started
Discussion in 'Detox: Methylation; B12; Glutathione; Chelation' started by Stewart, Oct 15, 2013.


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Well played.
Submitted by tamckissick on Mon, 10/29/2012 - 18:30. Permalink
If you notice, I didn't offer an actual reply but questions on what you sensed, or believed. The rest, you assumed. Basically, you caught my logic trap, so well done.
Logically, there's no doubt that the egg came first, as I first outlined but yes, it's just a theory until it's proven. That's not always the case however.
- Login to post comments


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Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) Jobs in Batley, West Yorkshire |
Jobs 1 to 1 of 1PHP Developer
Batley, West Yorkshire -
Greywood Associates Limited
PHP / MySQL / HTML5 / CSS / JavaScript. My client is searching for a PHP Developer to join their expanding team of talented developers... You will have a solid background in maintaining & developing applications from conception to implementation using PHP and MySQL. Essential skills: PHP 5 (OOP) MySQL HTML 5, CSS 3 JavaScript...
Salary: £37000 per annum + Benefits
Posted: 6 days ago


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Publisher's Description
+The m2:Server SMS Gateway provides your organization with an extensible, easy to use platform for SMS message exchange. Designed for the demanding enterprise environment, m2:Server enables businesses to extend their existing messaging systems to send and receive SMS messages. m2:Server provides: 2-way SMS message support (e-mail to SMS and SMS to e-mail); seamless integration with any SMTP compliant e-mail server; extended integration features when used with Microsoft Exchange and Lotus Domino; extensive event logging and alerting systems; unified management Console for configuration and administration tasks; comprehensive Reporting module; Anti-Spam Filter; Multilingual (Unicode) content support; Concatenated message support for both incoming and outgoing messages; Microsoft SQL Server database support. Version 2.3.1 includes new SQL DB Wizard.
What's new in this version:
Version 2.3.1 includes new SQL DB Wizard.


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SEATTLE MAGAZINE | Connect: | ||
The Top Decor Shops in Seattle
PHOTO CREDIT: Ladies & Gentlemen Studio
Clockwise from top: crisply mod e-tailer Ladies & Gentlemen Studio, Bellevue's chic Veritables and Tacoma's groovy Basic Goods Co.
To tour our TOP SHOPS photo gallery, click here.
Last year, husband-and-wife duo Donovan and Deborah Wilson opened Basic Goods Co. (Tacoma, 1734 Pacific Ave.; 253.242.3310; basicgoodsco.com) and filled it with an appealing minimal mix, from Chabatree teak salad servers ($22) to Juniper Ridge Big Sur Sage sachets ($12). Check out the hemp-and-cotton Abeego wraps ($12–$16) to keep your food fresh, instead of plastic baggies and sheets. FYI: Basic Goods Co. is soon moving up the hill to join the Market on Market co-op located at: 1122 Market St.
In March, Digs (Ballard, 2002 NW Market St.; 206.457.5709; digsshowroom.com) decamped from Bellingham to Ballard. Its mod supply ranges from Case Study storage units ($375 and up) and Artecnica lights ($95 and up) to Transglass tableware ($48 and up). We say welcome!
Flor (Belltown, 2000 First Ave.; 206.448.3365; flor.com) brought its hip, modular carpet tiles to town last fall. Now it's a snap to customize your own rug design with Flor's eye-boggling selection of patterns, solids and textures ($8–$40 per square). To keep your floors fresh, check up on the latest colors and cuts for some switch-out tile options. Popular now with Northwest shoppers is the Rake Me Over ($14.49–$18 per square) shaggy rug with a thicker texture to warm up those cool concrete and wood floors.
March marked the arrival of Ludlow Home (Phinney Ridge, 7315 Greenwood Ave. N; 206.429.5081; ludlowco.com), a must-do destination for lovers of hip vintage and antique pieces, as well as custom furniture. Along with some brash taxidermy (including an oddly upbeat boar's head), you'll find everything from club chairs to bronze horse-head lamps ($145 pair), and an array of eclectic art works.
As of press time, Maison Luxe (Madison Park, 2806 E Madison St.; 206.405.2828; maisonluxe.net) was set to open its new brick-and-mortar shop in April. Expect the same great luxe mix of contemporary casegoods ($1,200 and up), sexy seating ($550 and up), and vintage finds from owner Kelie Grosso, in addition to interior design services, including small color consultations ($160 and up).
Room & Board's (University Village, 2675 NE University Village St.; 206.336.4676; roomandboard.com) first Northwest location, opened last fall, boasts a full complement of contemporary furnishings, including rugs and window treatments, for living well inside and out, from the new Clarke sofa ($1,499–$2,299) and Murphy sofa ($1,299–$1,399) to the recycled outdoor collection ($79–$1,599) by Loll. Customize couches and chairs with one of its many fabric choices, and easily build your own tables and storage solutions with its online guides. In-store design experts are on the spot for free consultations.
UPDATE: This shop closed it doors at the end of May 2013
Sheridan + Company (Capitol Hill, 1517 12th Ave.; 206.414.3789; sheridaninteriordesign.com), which moved into the old Revival Home & Garden space last spring, has expanded its floor space this year to show off more real-world, warmly modern design vignettes by its owner Jason Mathews. Also a visual treat are industrial pieces by local designer Whitcomb & Company, such as the new Tripod Lamp ($1,800).
Decades before South Lake Union officially became cool, Antique Liquidators (South Lake Union, 503 Westlake Ave. N; 206.623.2740; antiqueliquidators.com) was the go-to spot for antiques, from midcentury to industrial to old farmhouse pieces. Pop in to see its recent shipment of Danish modern cabinets, storage and seating.
Renovating? Stop by Earthwise Architectural Salvage(SoDo, 3447 Fourth Ave. S; 206.624.4510; Tacoma, 628 E 60th St.; 253.476.7837; earthwise-salvage.com) for its massive selection of rescued building materials. Doors ($15–$275), hardware, vintage lighting ($45–$3,000), cabinets, and plenty of stained glass windows ($125 and up), cram the large warehouse. If you have leftovers from your own building project, contact Earthwise to take it off your hands.
Green Depot (SoDo, 1950 Sixth Ave. S; 206.315.1974; greendepot.com) has introduced a bevy of new flooring choices this year, from dramatic blue-stained pine flooring to rough, salvaged wood paneling, which features recycled wood mounted onto plywood for easy installation. The large showroom also is staffed by eco-experts versed in design, installation and workshops.
NuBe Green's (Capitol Hill, 921 E Pine St.; 206.402.4515; nubegreen.com) mission to support sustainable, U.S.-made goods is going strong. Its appealing inventory ranges from reclaimed wood benches ($500–$1,500) to the charm-rich Blanket furniture line, featuring pieces covered in vintage blankets, such as the new, nicely squat Austrian Army Slipper Chair ($1,995). For the low down on how your piece is really made, check its website for live webcams showing its fave designers, such as Alchemy Goods and Graypants, creating products in real time.
Alchemy Collections (Downtown, 2029 Second Ave.; 206.448.3309; alchemycollections.com) offers sleek storage options, such as the Jesse Frame credenza ($2,073–$3,387) featuring a floating wall-mounted version, and upscale outdoor fare. Gear up for the custom order sale in May, when orders are 15–20 percent off, and in June, when the floor model sale will offer as much as 70 percent off on pieces to make room for new Italian designers, such as FABA and Sangiacomo.
BoConcept (Downtown, 901 Western Ave., 206.464.9999; Bellevue, 10400 NE Eighth St.; 425.732.3333; boconcept.us) has a mod option for every room, from sofas ($1,295 and up) and sideboards ($1,095–$3,195) to rugs ($249 and up) and vases ($14–$239).
Design Within Reach (Belltown, 1918 First Ave.; 206.443.9900; dwr.com) is the spot for mod icons such as Knoll, Risom and Saarinen. Fresh updates on classic pieces are always the norm, such as a cozy upholstered version of the Eames plywood lounge chair ($1,428–$2,277) and the One More counter stool ($399), a taller version of Philippe Starck's Ghost chair.
Recently relocated Guesthouse (Madison Park, 1135 34th Ave., 206.462.1351; guesthouseseattle.com) beautifully mixes modern with vintage, transforming tired furnishings into contemporary gems. With a full textile library at your disposal, choose from vintage to avant garde fabrics ($20–$1,200 per yard) for any budget. Bring in an old piece or tap their expert sourcing to find the unique piece you've been dreaming of. Also inquire about their design services ($195 per hour for a home consultation).
Henredon & Schoener (Lincoln Square, 700 Bellevue Way NE; 425.454.9000; henredonschoener.com) is a full design firm that can customize everything from bedding to silverware details. It also has fabulous furnishings for sale, ranging from traditional to contemporary styles, such as the new Aquarius collection by Lexington. Its lacquered Aria chest ($6,000) and Lone Cypress coffee table ($4,349) are standouts.
At the Swedish storehouse Ikea (Renton, 601 SW 41st St.; 425.656.2980; ikea-usa.com) you can affordably outfit a whole house, from kitchen to bedroom to office. An easy way to breathe new life into your pad is to add a pop of color, such as the cutting-edge Selje side tables ($29.99), with room for your electronics' cables, and the super-cool Solvinden solar-powered table lamps ($19.95) in four fresh shades that can be put to use indoors or out.
Inform Interiors' (South Lake Union, 300 Dexter Ave. N; 206.622.1608; informseattle.com) sexy industrial space now includes the cool USM modular furniture line that includes the Haller table ($1,500 and up) and Three-High shelving unit ($4,000). Also look for the plush Nanimarquina rugs ($3,500 and up). Professional designers are on staff to offer color, fabrics and materials consulting, as well as in-home services (deposit required).
Kasala's (Downtown, 1505 Western Ave.; 206.623.7795; Bellevue, 1018 116th Ave. NE; 425.453.2823; kasala.com) most recent additions include the Italian Chloe bedroom collection ($800 and up) and lounge chairs ($900 and up). For deep discounts on floor models, discontinued items and dinged pieces, wait for the August sale at the Kasala Outlet (SoDo, 1946 Occidental Ave. S; 206.340.4112; kasala.com/outlet).
To celebrate the 40th anniversary of its most iconic design this year, Ligne Roset (Downtown, 112 Westlake Ave. N; 206.341.9990; ligne-roset-usa.com) brought in new, trendy fabrics, such as a cool houndstooth pattern, to adorn its classic Togo Collection ($1,855–$9,805), designed by Michel Ducaroy, and added a new chaise to the line to boot. An in-house interior designer can help you with in-home visits and floor plans, should you need to outfit your whole pad with goods from its chic European line.
Masins (Bellevue, 10708 Main St.; 425.450.9999; masins.com) offers classic whole-room options and small perfections. New designs by Barbara Barry stand out, such as Barry's high-grade Social Scene sofa ($11,046) and Carmel dining chairs ($3,078). Equipped with a full design studio, the Masins team can handle furnishings to flooring to surfaces. Don't miss the Memorial Day Sale in May featuring a one-third off all furniture, and 25 percent off accessories.
Retrofit Home's (Capitol Hill, 1103 E Pike St.; 206.568.4663; retrofithome.com) bright shop offers a hip mix of bold furnishings and accents, such as the popular fish-shaped GurglePots ($24–$45), walls full of modern and retro clocks ($19.95–$195) and cool lamps ($45–$195). Need advice? For free design tips, bring in pictures of the space that is lacking, or bring its designers home with an on-site appointment ($150–$225 per hour).
Ten 22 Home (Fremont, 4258 Fremont Ave. N; 206.457.5728; ten22home.com) is home to Danish and Scandinavian designs from the 1950s to 1970s, from popular Spot lounge chairs ($400–$800) to the rare Peacock chair by Hans Wegner ($3,800). Everything is garnered from greater Seattle and restored in-house. If you have a midcentury mod piece in need of some TLC, Ten 22 will restore and/or reupholster it for you (call for quote).
Veritables (Bellevue, 10220 Main St.; 425.455.8335; veritablesdecor.com) has accents aplenty, from vases to lamps, and offers a cost-effective 90-minute re-do with which clients get one large room style edited, from paint to rearranging ($350). Starting last year, owner Marie Harris launched her own custom furniture collection with a wonderful line of upholstered pieces, including sofas ($2,500 and up) and chairs ($1,200 and up), and more than 150 plush fabrics to choose from.
Thirteen premiere art galleries dubbed the ART@SDC populate the Seattle Design Center (Georgetown, 5701 Sixth Ave. S, 206.762.1200; artatsdc.com), adding a new vibrancy to the house of design. Open late every third Thursday from 5–9 p.m., you can meet and greet artists, enjoy performances and shop the Art Galleries diverse collection of art, including Canlis Glass, the Community Artists Program at Meyer Wells and Bilinear Art Consulting.
To make your home "better," try Butter Home (Capitol Hill, 1531 Melrose Ave.; 206.623.2626; butterhomeseattle.com). It carries tons of rustic goods, from soy candles ($16) served up in a Mason jar and globe string lights ($34) to an acacia wood wedge serving board ($60). For some extra naturalistic décor, check out its new Brantlers folk sculpture line ($25–$50) made in Edmonds.
Camelion Design (Ballard, 5330 Ballard Ave. NW; 206.783.7125; cameliondesign.com) is flush with accents, from Aquiesse's Luxe candles ($34–$38) to tabletop items from Roost, including hand-blown glass vases and candleholders ($10 and up). There's free in-store consultations, and look out for its two-week anniversary sale in August, when you can get 15 percent off on special furniture and upholstery orders, and up to 70 percent off on inventory store-wide!
Finding the perfect gift is never a problem at Capers (West Seattle, 4525 California Ave. SW, 206.932.0371; caperscapers.blogspot.com), with a heavy focus on green goods. We love their hand-blown Jug pendants ($465 and up), and new collection of RD Shady lamp shades ($95 and up) that zip and fit snugly over an existing shade, for a quick and easy alternative to customize your lamps. In-home design consultations are available, and don't miss the Anniversary sale in June, where you'll have a chance to get 20 to 50 percent off all special orders and in-store goods picked out during the consultation.
The smallest details are sometimes the most important. Chown Hardware (Bellevue, 12001 NE 12th St.; 425.454.7420; chown.com) is packed with hinges, faucets, knobs, levers and accessories galore. Don't miss its new, exclusive Waterworks display, with beautiful brass faucet collections ($535 and up), and .25 Collection sculptural bath accessories ($110–$351).
Click! Design That Fits (West Seattle, 4540 California Ave. SW; 206.328.9252;clickdesignthatfits.com) is an always reliable cache of coolness. New for the kitchen: Double Dip bowls by Joseph Joseph ($21), which show off snacks but cleverly hide waste. For organizational freaks, there's new magnetic glass dry-erase boards ($26–$40) from Seattle designers Three by Three.
With more than 70 artists working in the studio, each Glassybaby (University Village; 206.274.4683; Madrona, 3406 E Union St.; 206.518.9071; Bellevue, 10230 Main St.; 425.256.2927; glassybaby.com) votive is made by a team of four artists. Choose from a large palette of more than 400 colors and hues. Work one-on-one with a glassybaby artist at a hands-on glass blowing event ($85), and if you don't want to get your hands dirty, their Seconds Sale in June will give you a chance to buy imperfect pieces for $28.
Hiding a full boutique design firm behind a Hollywood luxe storefront, Great Jones Home (Downtown, 1921 Second Ave.; 206.448.9405;greatjoneshome.com) is a great spot for window treatments, fabrics and wallpapers. Plus, there are lots of ogle-worthy accents, such as handmade crystal rock bowls ($375 and up), vintage brass objects ($125 and up) and marble picture frames ($55 and up).
At Watson Kennedy Fine Home (Downtown, 1022 First Ave.; 206.652.8350; watsonkennedy.com) you can spend hours relishing the fine dining wares, from delicate glasses to delectable Boat Street pickles by Seattle chef Renee Erickson, and delightful doodads, such as vintage letterpress magnets. Then there's Brooklyn-based artist Hugo Guinness' linoleum prints and ink drawings ($425–$4,800).
Prints are in full force for summer at West Elm (South Lake Union, 2201 Westlake Ave.; 206.467.5798; westelm.com), where supple bedspreads, such as its bright organic beaded ikat duvet ($24–$109), perk up bedrooms, and ikat pad printed bowls ($8–$12) pep up kitchens. We also love its new artistic Leah Durner Trays ($29–$39), an animated take on its popular lacquered trays.
Rosa Mundi's (Woodinville, 14525 148th Ave. NE; 425.806.1732; rosamundis.com) has grown to twice its size since appropriating the space next door, and is sporting new lines of upholstered furniture, such as wing chairs by Thibaut ($3,000 and up). Also expanded are its antique offerings, French table linens, dishes and silver. Design consultations start at $125 an hour, or try one of its frequent (and free!) design classes, such as "Antique Tableware 101."
Shop the scope of appliances at Albert Lee (Interbay, 1476 Elliot Ave. W; 206.282.2110; albertleeappliance.com), such as Viking and Bosch ranges ($1,000–$15,899), Miele refrigerators ($6,595–$8,295), or buy an entire kitchen set in one swoop ($1,400–$75,000). If you missed the giant warehouse sale in March, don't fret—there's another one in November.
DryGoods Design (Ballard, 5308 Ballard Ave. NW; 206.535.6950; drygoodsdesignonline.com), opened last year, offers up charming fabric fare, such as Bread & Salt's thick cloth coasters, napkins and tea towels ($15–$28), and Piano Nobile's hand-printed cotton duck-fabric tea towels ($13.99–$36). A sewing and craft studio, opened in December, lets you create your own pillows and quilts (classes, $35–$95).
Newly relocated kitchen authority Henrybuilt (Georgetown, 4746 Ohio Ave. S; by appointment only; 206.624.5656; henrybuilt.com) steps outside of its modern footprint this year with more traditional modular options, including shaped fronts, textured panels and rustic leather pulls. Its new space is next door to the production facility, so you can check out how your kitchen cabinets, islands or dining tables are made.
Italian Country Home and Kitchen's (Bellevue, 1811 130th Ave. NE, 425.486.8676; italiancountryantiques.com) new Bellevue location offers up twice the space for their signature Italian Bertozzi linens ($18–$320), from tea towels to tablecloths, expanded flatware lines ($9–$45) and Tuscan cookware. (New for the bedroom: hand-made, top-grade cotton Bertozzi sheets, starting at $400).
Keep an eye out for Rosanna's (SoDo, 6755 E Marginal Way S., 206.204.0588;rosannainc.com) next big warehouse sale in June, where local tableware designer Rosanna Bowles' decadent dinnerware, fanciful flatware and sleek serving pieces will be at wholesale prices and below (that means 60 percent off or more!). Styles range from modern and traditional to playful and plain and simple, but never boring.
For cooking fanatics, Sur la Table (Pike Place Market, 84 Pine St.; 206.448.2244; surlatable.com) is a dream. From exclusive colors of Le Creuset cookware and bakeware ($23.95–$314.95) to gadgets such as the newly stocked Breville individual pie makers ($79.95). Learn different cuisines and try your knife skills out at one of its popular classes ($59–$195).
In the same location for more than 50 years, Harold's Lighting (Wallingford, 1912 N 45th St.; 206.219.4341; haroldslighting.com) not only offers a huge selection of chandeliers, pendants, floor lamps and refurbished antiques, but also does custom work and restorations too. If you dream it, Harold's can make it—from a single shade ($100 and up) to a fully outfitted residential project. Don't miss its summer sale in August with entire store discounts of as much as 50 percent.
Portland-born Rejuvenation (SoDo, 2910 First Ave. S; 206.382.1901; rejuvenation.com) stocks unequalled, made-in-the-U.S.A. contemporary, vintage and reproduction lighting and hardware, with looks ranging from the new handblown Blenko table lamps ($510–$660) to old-fangled schoolhouse pendants ($110–$690). Stop by for something brand-new, or bring in your old lights, as well as furniture, for rejuvenation or to donate. For free in-home design services, simply schedule an appointment online.
The designers at Seattle Lighting Supply (Pioneer Square, 222 Second Ave. S; 206.622.4736; seattlelighting.com) have created plenty of new collections this season, ranging from crystal chandeliers with a modern bent ($99.95–$169.95) to contemporary pendants with natural cork shades ($79.95–$199.95) and a timeless schoolhouse collection ($19.95–$598). Ask about their fee-based design services to wire your home from start to finish.
Get lost in bold stripes and bright colors at The Land of Nod (University Village, 2660 NE 49th St.; 206.527.9900; landofnod.com). Look for furnishings from upholstered seating and trundle beds to soft floor storage bins ($19.95–$45). We love the new whimsical woodland creature nightlights ($9.95) that do double duty as décor.
Outfit your nursery from head to tiny toe at Tottini (South Lake Union, 259 Yale Ave. N; 206.254.0400; tottini.com). The latest crib to hit the floor is the simply sweet Rhea crib ($670). Accessorize it with the newest graphic bedding ($88–$156) and matching rug designs from Dwell Studio ($500–$550), such as the Galaxy and Pinwheel collections.
Iacoli & Mcallister's (206.225.1173; iacolimcallister.com) hip geometric signature style, which encompasses lighting, furniture, kitchen serving ware and jewelry, continues this year with the shaped copper Cinque lamp($795), and the marble-topped Algedi table with a powder-coated base ($895).
Ladies & Gentlemen Studio (ladiesandgentlemenstudio.com) brings more delightful kitchen accessories with its sleek salt and pepper shakers ($32–$60), fresh hues for their vintage cake servers ($48–$60) and perimeter trays ($195–$250) with a beautiful combo of Carrara marble and white oak or walnut.
By Ali Brownrigg
The cavernous antiques space Assemblage (Pioneer Square, 210 S Washington St.; 206.683.8783) is a perfect fit with the historic trappings of Pioneer Square. Owner Martin Duffy's eclectic taste includes an impressive collection of primitive art and Baba Wagué Diakité pottery ($25-$700), fine antiques, sturdy heirloom-quality furniture pieces and midcentury and industrial vintage, all chosen with an eye for quality construction and useful repurposing.
Husband-and-wife team Christian and Jessica Harding opened The Belfry (Pioneer Square, 309A Third Ave. S; 206.682.2951; thebelfryoddities.com) last April, filling it with natural history curiosities, Victorian funeral items and well-preserved taxidermy. Antique medical and dental devices ($25–$200) and fraternal order paraphernalia are at home against the store's black walls and high, tin-tile-capped ceilings. This shop is not for everyone, but it's a gold mine for those who like to punctuate their interiors with eerie and unearthly things.
On any given day at Kirk Albert Vintage Furnishings (Georgetown, 5517 Airport Way So.; 206.762.3899; kirkalbert.com), shoppers might find an antique papier-mâché juvenile mannequin ($1,400), a giant Trojan goose and other objets trouvés. There's just no pigeonholing Albert's style, which is why his shop attracts collectors and clients like Nordstrom and Starbucks, whose designers flock there for inspiration and custom-built items for their sales floors. Albert is also a whiz at turning found pieces into ingenious lighting fixtures, such as pendants made from repurposed early-20th-century sawmill conveyor-belt rollers.
Susan Wheeler's eponymous shop Susan Wheeler Home (Georgetown, 5515 Airport Way S; 360.402.5080; susanwheelerhome.com) is a wonderful cacophony of vintage and antique items. Wheeler travels the globe to fill her large space with one-of-a-kind items, including patinaed French mirrors, an astounding collection of English transferware ($28 and up) and elegant chandeliers.
By Shannon O'Leary
Landing a Room & Board storefront last fall definitely upped University Village's (Sandpoint, 2675 NE University Village St.; uvillage.com) home shop profile. Formerly, just a catalog-only option for us (see entry under "Recent Arrivals"), Room & Board is the latest juicy addition to U Village's home-retail menu, which comes with very appetizing, always free parking and a stroll-about layout.
It joins other such one-stop shops as Crate & Barrel, Pottery Barn and Restoration Hardware, where anything from couches to champagne glasses can be had; while specialty shops range from the declutter mecca Storables to pretty-plants paradise Ravenna Gardens (with design consults for $75/hour) to cool kitchen outfitters Williams-Sonoma and Mrs. Cook's. For too-cute kids' décor, there's The Land of Nod (see entry under "Kids") and Pottery Barn Kids, and creative accents abound at Anthropologie (check out its sweet napkin supply) and The Art Study (with expert framing services).
We can't wait to visit the Village's next big home attraction that's set to arrive later this summer: a shop from trendy designer Jonathan Adler.
Meanwhile, its sidewalk sale is June 13–16, and its summer concert series hits the campus July 10–August 21.
Fuel stop: Serious shopping requires an energy renewal strategy. The Village has lots of quick, tasty eat/drink refueling options, including these new spots: the Veggie Grill (try the Grillin' 'Chickin' burger), juice bar Evolution Fresh and Elemental Wood Fired Pizza. For a sweet fix, try the ice cream-filled waffles at Tokyo Sweets.


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National Weather Service - Twin Cities, MN -
The Experimental Enhanced Hazardous Weather Outlook is an experimental product that will be posted to this page for evaluation. We encourage your comments or suggestions for improvements using the electronic survey provided. Your feedback will help us determine product utility, if modifications are needed, and whether the product should become part of our operational suite.
The Experimental Enhanced Hazardous Weather Outlook is a decision support service that supports preparedness and response efforts prior to and during hazardous weather. This service provides decision makers with convenient access to potential weather hazard information by graphically depicting the risk of weather hazards out through seven days. |
Risk Level - Legend
Note: To display hazard maps, click on any of the risk level indicators below.
Non - Thunderstorm Winds
Thunderstorm Wind Gusts
Excessive Heat
Snow and Sleet
Ice Accumulation
Spotter Outlook
Frost and Freeze
Fire Weather
Excessive Cold
Severe Thunderstorms
Fire Weather
Non - Thunderstorm Winds
Excessive Heat
Snow and Sleet
Ice Accumulation
Frost and Freeze
Excessive Cold
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No risk of hail. |
Limited |
Risk of sub-severe hail (less than 1") or Probability of severe hail (1" or greater) within 25 miles of a point: less than 15% |
Elevated |
Probability of severe hail (1" or greater) within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 15% |
Significant |
Probability of severe hail (1" or greater) within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 45% |
Extreme |
Probability of severe hail (1" or greater) within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 60% |
How does hail form?
There are two ideas about hail formation. In the past, the prevailing thought was that hailstones grow by colliding with supercooled water drops. Supercooled water will freeze on contact with ice crystals, frozen rain drops, dust or some other nuclei. Thunderstorms that have a strong updraft keep lifting the hailstones up to the top of the cloud where they encounter more supercooled water and continue to grow. The hail falls when the thunderstorm's updraft can no longer support the weight of the ice or the updraft weakens. The stronger the updraft the larger the hailstone can grow.
Recent studies suggest that supercooled water may accumulate on frozen particles near the back-side of the storm as they are pushed forward across and above the updraft by the prevailing winds near the top of the storm. Eventually, the hailstones encounter downdraft air and fall to the ground.
Hailstones grow two ways: by wet growth or dry growth processes. In wet growth, a tiny piece of ice is in an area where the air temperature is below freezing, but not super cold. When the tiny piece of ice collides with a supercooled drop, the water does not freeze on the ice immediately. Instead, liquid water spreads across tumbling hailstones and slowly freezes. Since the process is slow, air bubbles can escape resulting in a layer of clear ice.
Dry growth hailstones grow when the air temperature is well below freezing and the water droplet freezes immediately as it collides with the ice particle. The air bubbles are "frozen" in place, leaving cloudy ice.
Hailstones can have layers like an onion if they travel up and down in an updraft, or they can have few or no layers if they are "balanced" in an updraft. One can tell how many times a hailstone traveled to the top of the storm by counting the layers. Hailstones can begin to melt and then re-freeze together - forming large and very irregularly shaped hail.
How fast does hail fall?
We really only have estimates about the speed hail falls. One estimate is that a 1cm hailstone falls at 9 m/s, and an 8cm stone, weighing .7kg falls at 48 m/s (171 km/h). However, the hailstone is not likely to reach terminal velocity due to friction, collisions with other hailstones or raindrops, wind, the viscosity of the wind, and melting. Also, the formula to calculate terminal velocity is based on the assumption that you are dealing with a perfect sphere. Hail is generally not a perfect sphere!
Estimating Hail Size
Hail size is estimated by comparing it to a known object. Most hail storms are made up of a mix of sizes, and only the very largest hail stones pose serious risk to people caught in the open.
Hailstone size | Measurement | Updraft Speed | ||
in. | cm. | mph | m/s | |
bb | < 1/4 | < 0.64 | < 24 | < 11 |
pea | 1/4 | 0.64 | 24 | 11 |
marble | 1/2 | 1.3 | 35 | 16 |
dime | 7/10 | 1.8 | 38 | 17 |
penny | 3/4 | 1.9 | 40 | 18 |
nickel | 7/8 | 2.2 | 46 | 21 |
quarter | 1 | 2.5 | 49 | 22 |
half dollar | 1 1/4 | 3.2 | 54 | 24 |
walnut | 1 1/2 | 3.8 | 60 | 27 |
golf ball | 1 3/4 | 4.4 | 64 | 29 |
hen egg | 2 | 5.1 | 69 | 31 |
tennis ball | 2 1/2 | 6.4 | 77 | 34 |
baseball | 2 3/4 | 7.0 | 81 | 36 |
tea cup | 3 | 7.6 | 84 | 38 |
grapefruit | 4 | 10.1 | 98 | 44 |
softball | 4 1/2 | 11.4 | 103 | 46 |
Understanding Damage and Impacts
Damage from hail approaches $1billion in the US each year. Much of the damage inflicted by hail is to crops. Even relatively small hail can shred plants to ribbons in a matter of minutes. Vehicles, roofs of buildings and homes, and landscaping are the other things most commonly damaged by hail.
Hail has been known to cause injury to humans, and occasionally has been fatal. The most deadly hailstorm on record occurred in India on April 30, 1988, killing 246 people and 1600 domesticated animals.
A large hailstone can cause serious injury. A hailstone the diameter of a baseball falls at a speed comparable to that of a pitched baseball - on the order of 100 mph! It's like being hit by a "beanball" thrown by a major league pitcher.
(The above information is from the National Severe Storms Laboratory)
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No tornado risk. |
Limited |
Probability of a tornado within 25 miles of a point: less than 10 percent. |
Elevated |
Probability of a tornado within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 10 percent. |
Significant |
Probability of a tornado within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 30 percent. |
Extreme |
Probability of a tornado within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 45 percent. |
Tornado Safety and Education
The probabilities shown are a combination of forecast uncertainty and the magnitude of the threat.
Because of the difficulty in forecasting severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, the trend in the probability is as important as the numbers themselves.
Remember that any probabilities shown in this graphic indicates that forecasters are concerned about a severe weather threat and you should be ready for a warning to be issued in your area sometime during the Day 1 period regardless of how high or low the probability is.
Tornado and Severe Thunderstorm Watches and Warnings ALWAYS take precedence over the information contained in the Risk Analysis Graphics.
What can you do before Severe Weather Strikes?
- Develop a plan for you and your family at home, work, school, and when outdoors.
- Identify a safe place to take shelter.
- Have frequent drills.
- Know the county in which you live or visit. The National Weather Service in Springfield issues warnings with a reference to county names.
- Keep a highway map nearby to follow storm movement from weather bulletins.
- Have a NOAA Weather Radio with a warning alarm tone and battery back-up to receive warnings.
- Listen to radio and television for weather information.
- Check the weather forecast before leaving for extended periods outdoors. Watch for signs of approaching storms.
- If severe weather threatens, check on people who are elderly, very young, or physically or mentally disabled.
Tornado Safety Rules
- In a home or building, move to a pre-designed shelter such as a basement.
- If an underground shelter is not available, move to a small interior room or hallway on the lowest floor and get under a sturdy piece of furniture. Put as many walls as possible between you and the outside.
- Stay away from windows.
- Get out of automobiles.
- Do not try to outrun a tornado in your car; instead leave your car immediately for safe shelter.
- If caught outside or in a vehicle, lie flat in a nearby ditch or depression and cover your head with your hands.
- Be aware of flying debris. Flying debris from tornadoes causes most fatalities and injuries.
- Mobile homes, even if tied down, offer little protection from tornadoes. You should leave a mobile home and go to the lowest floor of a sturdy nearby building or a storm shelter.
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No thunderstorm wind risk. |
Limited |
Risk for sub-severe wind gusts (less than 58 mph) or Probability of severe wind gusts (58 mph or greater) within 25 miles of a point: Less than 15% |
Elevated |
Probability of severe wind gusts (58 mph or greater) within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 15% |
Significant |
Probability of severe wind gusts (58 mph or greater) within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 45% |
Extreme |
Probability of severe wind gusts (58 mph or greater) within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 60% |
Damaging wind from thunderstorms is much more common than damage from tornadoes. In fact, many confuse damage produced by "straight-line" winds and often erroneously attribute it to tornadoes. Wind speeds can reach up to 100 mph (161 kph) with a damage path extending many miles.
Downdrafts are generated when rain-cooled, more dense air sinks inside a thunderstorm. Also some of the strong winds aloft are carried down with the downdraft by a process called "momentum transfer". As precipitation begins to fall, it drags some of the air with it. This "precipitation drag" initiates a downdraft. The downdraft is intensified by evaporative cooling as drier air from the edges of the storm mix with the moist air within the storm.
These processes lead to a rapid downward rush of air. As the air impacts the ground it is forced to spread out laterally causing the gusty winds associated with thunderstorms. Occasionally, thunderstorms will produce intense downdrafts that create damage as the wind spread out along the ground.
Downbursts can create hazardous conditions for pilots and these events have been responsible for several disasters.
- As aircraft descend (right) into the airport they follow an imagery line called the "glide slope" to the runway (solid light blue line).
- Upon entering the downburst, the plane encounters a "headwind", an increase in wind speed over the aircraft. The faster wind creates lift causing the plane to rise above the glide slope. To return the plane to the proper position, the pilot lowers the throttle to decrease the plane's speed thereby causing the plane to descend.
- As the plane flies to the other side of the downburst, the wind direction shifts and is now from behind the aircraft. This decreases the wind over the wing reducing lift. The plane sinks below the glide slope.
- However, the "tailwind" remains strong and even with the pilot applying full throttle trying to increase lift again, there is little, if any, room to recover from the rapid descent causing the plane to crash short of the runway.
Since the discovery of this effect in the early to mid 1980's, pilots are now trained to recognize this event and take appropriate actions to prevent accidents. Also, many airports are now equipped with equipment to detect downbursts and warn aircraft of their location.
Macrobursts and Microbursts
Downbursts are divided into two catagories; macrobursts and microbursts. A macroburst is more than 2½ miles (4 km) in diameter and can produce winds as high as 135 mph (215 kph). Microbursts are smaller and produces winds as high as 170 mph (270 kph).
In wet, humid environments, macrobursts and microbursts will be accompanied by intense rainfall at the ground. If the storm forms in a relatively dry environment, however, the rain may evaporate before it reaches the ground and these downbursts will be without precipitation, known as dry microbursts.
A derecho is a widespread and long lived windstorm that is associated with a band of rapidly moving showers or thunderstorms. The word "derecho" is of Spanish origin, and means straight ahead. A derecho is made up of a "family of downburst clusters" and by definition must be at least 240 miles in length.
Derechos are associated with a band of showers or thunderstorms that are often "curved" in shape. These bowed out storms are called "bow echoes". A derecho can be associated with a single bow echo or multiple bow echoes. The bow echoes may vary in scale and may die out and redevelop during the course of derecho evolution.
Winds in derecho can exceed 100 mph. For example, a derecho in northern Wisconsin on July 4, 1977 produced winds of 115 mph. The winds associated with derechos are not constant and may vary considerably along the derecho path.
(information above from NWS Jet Stream Publication)
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No Flooding risk. |
Limited |
Risk of localized flash flooding of small streams and low water crossings, and minor flooding of poor drainage or urban areas. |
Elevated |
Risk of flash flooding of several low water crossings, roads, and small streams, |
Significant |
Risk of flash flooding of numerous roads, low water crossings, and small streams, |
Extreme |
Risk of widespread flash flooding of low water crossings, roads, and small strams. or Major river flooding. |
Except for heat related fatalities, more deaths occur from flooding than any other hazard. Why? Most people fail to realize the power of water. For example, six inches of fast-moving flood water can knock you off your feet.
While the number of fatalities can vary dramatically with weather conditions from year to year, the national 30-year average for flood deaths is 127. That compares with a 30-year average of 73 deaths for lightning, 68 for tornadoes and 16 for hurricanes.
National Weather Service data also shows:
- Nearly half of all flash flood fatalities are vehicle-related,
- The majority of victims are males, and
- Flood deaths affect all age groups.
Most flash floods are caused by slow moving thunderstorms, thunderstorms that move repeatedly over the same area or heavy rains from tropical storms and hurricanes. These floods can develop within minutes or hours depending on the intensity and duration of the rain, the topography, soil conditions and ground cover.
Flash floods can roll boulders, tear out trees, destroy buildings and bridges, and scour out new channels. Rapidly rising water can reach heights of 30 feet or more. Furthermore, flash flood-producing rains can also trigger catastrophic mud slides.
Occasionally, floating debris or ice can accumulate at a natural or man-made obstruction and restrict the flow of water. Water held back by the ice jam or debris dam can cause flooding upstream. Subsequent flash flooding can occur downstream if the obstruction should suddenly release.
Each year, more deaths occur due to flooding than from any other thunderstorm related hazard. Why? The main reason is people underestimate the force and power of water. Many of the deaths occur in automobiles as they are swept downstream. Of these drownings, many are preventable, but foolish people drive around the barriers in place that warn you the road is flooded.
Whether you are driving or walking, if you come to a flooded road, Turn Around...Don't Drown!. You will not know the depth of the water nor will you know the condition of the road under the water.
Of the three deaths which occurred as a result of the Fort Worth tornado, March 28, 2000, one death was due to flooding. The man who drowned was a passenger in a car with his girlfriend, the driver. They approached a low spot with water flowing over the road due to very heavy rain. Flooding is a common occurrence at this location with heavy rains and the danger was well marked.
As the driver drove her car into the water she became frightened as the water rose higher and higher around her vehicle. She backed out to higher ground. The passenger said the water was NOT too deep and he would prove it by walking across to the other side. He never made it.
Follow these safety rules.
- Monitor the NOAA Weather Radio, or your favorite news source for vital weather related information.
- If flooding occurs, get to higher ground. Get out of areas subject to flooding. This includes dips, low spots, canyons, washes etc.
- Avoid already flooded and high velocity flow areas. Do not attempt to cross flowing streams. If you enter a flowing stream and the water gets above you knee, TURN AROUND, DON'T DROWN.
- If driving be aware that the road bed may not be intact under flood waters. Turn around and go another way. NEVER drive through flooded roadways! If your vehicle stalls, leave it immediately and seek higher ground. Rapidly rising water may engulf the vehicle and sweep you and your occupants away.
- Do not camp or park your vehicle along streams and washes, particularly during threatening conditions.
- Be especially cautious at night when it is harder to recognize flood dangers
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No lightning risk |
Limited |
Thunderstorms expected to be isolated to scattered in coverage. Atmospheric conditions support cloud to ground lightning strikes in and near thunderstorms. |
Elevated |
Thunderstorms expected to be numerous in coverage. Atmospheric conditions support cloud to ground lightning strikes in and near thunderstorms. |
Significant |
Widespread thunderstorms are expected. Atmospheric conditions support cloud to ground lightning strikes in and near thunderstorms. |
Extreme |
Thunderstorms are expected with nearly continuous cloud to ground lightning strikes in and near thunderstorms. |
How lightning forms
Lightning results from the buildup and discharge of electrical energy between positively and negatively charged areas. Rising and descending air within a thunderstorm separates these positive and negative charges. Water and ice particles also affect charge distribution.A cloud-to-ground lightning strike begins as an invisible channel of electrically charged air moving from the cloud toward the ground. When one channel nears an object on the ground, a powerful surge of electricity from the ground moves upward to the clouds and produces the visible lightning strike. Lightning Safety and Impact Prevention - Lightning causes an average of 80 fatalities and 300 injuries each year.
- Lightning occurs with ALL thunderstorms, making all thunderstorms dangerous!
- Around 100,000 thunderstorms occur each year in the United States.
- Most lightning fatalities and injuries occur when people are caught outdoors during a thunderstorm.
- The air near a lightning strike is rapidly heated to 50,000 degrees F or hotter than the surface of the sun! The rapid heating and cooling of the air near the lightning channel causes a shock wave that results in thunder. 30/30 Lightning Safety Rule Go indoors if, after seeing lightning, you cannot count to 30 before hearing thunder. Stay indoors for 30 minutes after hearing the last clap of thunder.
Other Lightning Safety Rules - Postpone outdoor activities if thunderstorms are imminent. This is your best way to avoid being caught in a dangerous situation.
- Move to a sturdy building or car. Do not take shelter in sheds, under isolated trees, or in convertible automobiles. Stay away from tall objects such as towers, fences, telephone poles and power lines.
- If lightning is occurring and a sturdy shelter is not available, get inside a hard top automobile and keep the windows up. Avoid touching any metal.
- Utility lines and metal pipes can conduct electricity. Unplug appliances not necessary for obtaining weather information. Avoid using the telephone or any electrical appliances. Use phones only in an emergency.
- Do not take a bath or shower during a thunderstorm.
- Turn off air conditioners. Power surges from lightning can cause serious damage. If Caught Outdoors and No Shelter is Nearby... - Find a low spot away from trees, fences, and poles. Make sure the place you pick is not subject to flooding.
- If you are in the woods, take shelter under shorter trees.
- If you feel your skin tingle or your hair stand on end, squat low to the ground on the balls of your feet. Place your hands over your ears and your
head between your knees. Make yourself the smallest target possible and minimize your contact with the ground. DO NOT lie down.
- If you are boating or swimming, get to land and find shelter immediately!
Severe Thunderstorm Risk Day 1 risks are covered by individual risks of Tornado, Hail and Thunderstorm Wind Gusts |
Risk Level |
Definition Severe Thunderstorm Risk Day 2 to 7 |
None |
No risk of severe thunderstorms. |
Limited |
Risk for sub-severe wind gusts (less than 58 mph), sub-severe hail (less than 1" in diameter) or Probability of severe thunderstorms* within 25 miles of a point: Less than 15% |
Elevated |
Probability of severe thunderstorms* within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 15% |
Significant |
Probability of severe thunderstorms* within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 45% |
Extreme |
Probability of severe thunderstorms* within 25 miles of a point: Equal to or greater than 60% |
The Severe Thunderstorm risk level is based on the probability of being in a Severe Thunderstorm Warning in an area.
The probability of a Severe Thunderstorm Warning in an area is forecast based on :
- The Probability of Thunderstorms
- The Probability of a Thunderstorm becoming Severe once it has developed (Conditional Probability)
Because of the difficulty in forecasting severe thunderstorms and tornadoes, the trend in the probability is as important as the numbers themselves.
Remember that any probabilities shown in this graphic indicates that forecasters are concerned about a severe weather threat and you should be ready for a warning to be issued in your area sometime during the Day 1 period regardless of how high or low the probability is.
Tornado and Severe Thunderstorm Watches and Warnings ALWAYS take precedence over the information contained in the Enhanced Graphical Hazardous Weather Outlook (HWO) Graphics.
What can you do before Severe Weather Strikes?
- Develop a plan for you and your family at home, work, school, and when outdoors.
- Identify a safe place to take shelter.
- Have frequent drills.
- Know the county in which you live or visit. The National Weather Service in Chanhassen issues warnings with a reference to county names.
- Keep a highway map nearby to follow storm movement from weather bulletins.
- Have a NOAA Weather Radio with a warning alarm tone and battery back-up to receive warnings.
- Listen to radio and television for weather information.
- Check the weather forecast before leaving for extended periods outdoors. Watch for signs of approaching storms.
- If severe weather threatens, check on people who are elderly, very young, or physically or mentally disabled.
A "Severe Thunderstorm" is defined as a thunderstorm that produces a wind speed at or above 58 MPH or, hail 1 inch in diameter or larger.
A Severe Thunderstorm Watch is issued for large area or, state, for a period of time (usually about 6 hours in length) in advance of a projected severe weather event. This would be on a day when atmospheric conditions favor the development of a number of Severe Thunderstorms. These
watches will likely be followed by Severe Thunderstorm Warnings throughout the life of the watch.
A Severe Thunderstorm Warning is issued for a particular polygon area when a severe thunderstorm is either imminent within that polygon or is occurring in that polygon. A Severe Thunderstorm Warning is not always preceded by a Severe Thunderstorm Watch especially in the Summer-time when thunderstorm development is not as well organized and is more isolated.
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
Open burning is usually safe with proper containers and precautions under low fire danger conditions. Residents should always check on local ordinances that prohibit open burning under any conditions. | |
Limited |
Open burning is usually safe with the proper precautions. Burning should be done in the early morning and late evening to avoid windier and drier conditions from midday through mid-afternoon. Residents should always check on local ordinances that prohibit open burning under any conditions. |
Elevated |
Any open burning is discouraged due to increased wind and lower humidity - except by experienced fire personnel. Increasing winds and lower humidity contribute to drying fuels. Fires escape control more easily and containment is difficult for inexperienced fire personnel. Approaching Red Flag conditions. |
Significant |
Open burning should not be attempted. High winds and extended dry periods lead to extreme burning conditions. Open fires can quickly escape and are very difficult to control, even for experienced fire fighters. Conditions exceed minimum criteria for a Red Flag Warning in most cases. |
Extreme |
Very strong winds, well in excess of Red Flag Criteria combined with moderate to low humidity. Fires will spread very quickly with spot fires common. Fire control is extremely difficult due to very strong winds. |
***These definitions are geared towards the general public and general emergency management and should not be confused with the standard National Fire Danger Rating System (NFDRS) adjectives used by wildland fire personnel. |
The fire weather category for the Enhanced Hazardous Weather Outlook is based primarily on predicted wind, humidity and temperature, and does not account for fuel moisture from recent precipitation, snow cover and recently melted snow. Appropriate adjustments to the fire environment must be made. |
Fire weather hazard categories will normally be more restricted, generally in the "none" or "limited" categories from May 1st to September 30th due to normally predominant green and moist live vegetation. This will be subject to change during unusual severe Spring and/or Summer drought. |
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
Spotters will not be needed for severe weather activation today or tonight. |
Limited |
Spotters may be needed later in the day or tonight. |
Elevated |
Spotters may be needed in the next 6 hours. |
Significant |
Spotters may be needed in the next 3 hours. |
Driving Hazards and Safety
The routine act of simply driving a vehicle is probably the most dangerous activity storm spotters engage in. When you take the normal everyday risks associated with driving, and add to that the additional risks storm spotters face, such as driving in bad weather, being distracted by the storm, using the radio or cell phone, etc, it becomes apparent that mobile spotters need to take extra care to be safe.
Here are some suggestions to help you stay safe when spotting from your vehicle:
- Make sure your vehicle is mechanically ready.
- Always be sure you have enough gas.
- Always wear your seat belt.
- Drive only as fast as the law, and weather and road conditions allow.
- The driver should focus on the road, not the storm. When possible, spot in teams of at least two people.
- Avoid unpaved roads. Being stuck in the mud as a storm approaches is a very uncomfortable position to be in.
- Do not drive into blowing dust, heavy rain, hail or fog that obscures your view.
- If you must pull over, be sure you are well off the roadway to avoid being hit from behind.
- Highway overpasses should not be used as weather shelter areas. Watch for stopped vehicles near overpasses.
- Consider keeping the engine running when stopped to view a storm.
- Be alert for increased traffic and pedestrians (storm chasers, media, etc) around severe storms.
- After the storm, be on the lookout for debris, downed trees and power lines. Assume every power line is live and stay far away from it.
Lightning Hazards and Safety
If you are close enough to a storm to hear thunder, you are close enough to be struck by lightning. Lightning can strike with no warning - the first bolt could be the one that gets you.
Here are some tips to stay safe from lightning while spotting:
- Stay in your vehicle whenever possible.
- While in your vehicle, try to avoid contact with the steering wheel, radio, etc.
- Do not lean on your vehicle.
- Stay away from fences and power lines - they can carry lightning currents to you.
- Avoid being close to the highest object.
- If you are in the open, avoid being the highest object. Squat on the balls of your feet. This will reduce the amount of area that your body is in contact with the ground.
- Take a CPR class.
Flash Flood Hazards and Safety
Floods kill more people than any other weather hazard. Most people that are killed drown in their vehicles. Remember -- Turn Around, Don't Drown!
Here are some tips to stay safe from flash flooding while spotting:
- Never drive across a flooded roadway unless you are certain of the water's depth and that the road is intact under the water.
- Flooding is most dangerous at night, so be especially alert after dark.
- Watch for washed-out roads and bridges.
- If your vehicle stalls, get out immediately and head for higher ground. Again, most people who are killed by flash flooding drown in their vehicles.
Severe Storm Hazards and Safety
Mobile spotters should be extra cautious when operating around any thunderstorm, and even more cautious when dealing with a severe storm.
Here are some tips to stay safe from severe weather while spotting:
- Know where you are at all times. Be sure your dispatcher or net control station knows your location.
- Know where you are in relation to nearby thunderstorms.
- Know the movement (speed and direction) of nearby storms.
- Always have an escape route to take you out harm's way.
- Do not "core punch" or drive into a thunderstorm's core. You may encounter a variety of extremely dangerous conditions, including giant hail or even a tornado.
- Maintain a safe distance when viewing a wall cloud, funnel cloud or tornado. How much distance is safe will depend on a variety of factors, including the type of storm, its movement, the time of day, the road network, etc.
- Keep your head on a swivel. Avoid being fixated on one feature and not recognizing other dangers with the storm.
- Be prepared to move quickly and safely to a new position.
- What are the greatest hazards to storm spotters?
In order from the greatest hazard to spotters to the least: being on the road, lightning, flooding, hail and wind, and then tornadoes. The slides below add a little more detail to these hazards.
- I see a tornado, what should I do?
If the tornado is a safe distance away and moving away from your location, then send us your report. Otherwise, if the tornado is too close or it may be moving toward your location, you need to take immediate action to protect yourself! Always plan ahead to have an escape route from a tornado. If the tornado is visible, far away, and the traffic is light, you may be able to drive out of its path by moving at right angles away from the tornado path. Otherwise, you need to find a sturdy shelter as quickly as possible! If one is not available (i.e. you are in the open country), as a last resort find a low spot and lie face-down covering the back of your head with your hands. Remaining in your vehicle, or sitting under an overpass are very dangerous, and should not be attempted!
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No risk of fog. |
Limited |
Fog with visibilities less than or equal to 1 mile. |
Elevated |
Fog with visibilities less than or equal to 1/2 mile. |
Significant |
Fog with visibilities less than or equal to 1/4 mile. |
Extreme |
Fog with near zero visibilities. |
Atmospheric conditions that are typical for fog development :
- Moist ground or near ground conditions.
- Light winds
- Clear sky
Fog Safety and Impact Prevention
- Remember to drive with your low beam headlights on. High beams will reflect off of the fog creating a "white wall" effect.- Allow extra time to get to your destination as travel speeds will likely be much slower than normal.
- In hilly terrain, visibilities can change quite rapidly which creates additional driving hazards. Low lying areas and locations near bodies of water may often times have lower visibilities than surrounding locations.
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
Sustained winds < 20 mph and Wind gusts < 30 mph. |
Limited |
Sustained winds 20-29 mph or Wind gusts 30-44 mph. |
Elevated |
Sustained winds 30-39 mph or Wind gusts 45-57 mph. |
Significant |
Sustained winds 40-49 mph or Wind gusts 58-64 mph. |
Extreme |
Sustained winds > 50 mph or Wind gusts > 65 mph. |
Driving Safety Tips in High Wind
1) Be aware of the vehicles around you. High winds are usually more problematic for high profile vehicles such as RV's, trucks, buses, campers and those towing trailers. 2) Reduce your speed and correct your steering, especially when moving from a protected area to an unprotected area, or when meeting large vehicles. Other Information and Safety Tips for High Wind Gusts larger than 30 mph can cause lightweight items such as empty trash cans to be blown around and may cause some rough waters on area lakes. Boaters should use extreme caution. Gusts larger than 40 mph can cause medium weight objects to be blown around and can create dangerous boating conditions on area lakes. Gusts larger than 50 mph can cause buildings and trees to become damaged. Small boats can become capsized. High profile vehicles can be blown off the road.
Risk Level
Maximum Apparent Temperature < 90
Maximum Apparent Temperature 90 to 99
Maximum Apparent Temperature 100 to 104
OR Maximum Apparent Temperature greater than or equal to 95 for 5 consecutive days. |
Maximum Apparent Temperature 105 to 114 |
Maximum Apparent Temperature greater than or equal to 115
OR Maximum Apparent Temperataure greater than or equal to 105 for 5 consecutive days. |
Apparent Temperature is defined as: | |
Wind Chill Temperature during the cold season. | ||
Heat Index Temperature during the warm season. |
Heat Wave - A Major Summer Killer
A National Problem
Heat kills by taxing the human body beyond its abilities. In a normal year, about 175 Americans succumb to the demands of summer heat. Among the large continental family of natural hazards, only the cold of winter-not lightning, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods, or earthquakes-takes a greater toll. In the 40-year period from 1936 through 1975, nearly 20,000 people were killed in the United States by the effects of heat and solar radiation. In the disastrous heat wave of 1980, more than 1,250 people died.
And these are the direct casualties. No one can know how many more deaths are advanced by heat wave weather-how many diseased or aging hearts surrender that under better conditions would have continued functioning.
North American summers are hot; most summers see heat waves in one section or another of the United States. East of the Rockies, they tend to combine both high temperature and high humidity although some of the worst have been catastrophically dry.
NOAA's National Weather Service Heat Index Program
Considering this tragic death toll, the National Weather Service (NWS) has stepped up its efforts to alert more effectively the general public and appropriate authorities to the hazards of heat waves-those prolonged excessive heat/humidity episodes.
Based on the latest research findings, the NWS has devised the "Heat Index" (HI), (sometimes referred to as the "apparent temperature"). The HI, given in degrees F, is an accurate measure of how hot it really feels when relative humidity (RH) is added to the actual air temperature.
To find the HI, look at the Heat Index Chart. As an example, if the air temperature is 95°F (found on the left side of the table) and the RH is 55% (found at the top of the table), the HI-or how hot it really feels-is 110°F. This is at the intersection of the 95° row and the 55% column.
IMPORTANT: Since HI values were devised for shady, light wind conditions, EXPOSURE TO FULL SUNSHINE CAN INCREASE HI VALUES BY UP TO 15°F. Also, STRONG WINDS, PARTICULARLY WITH VERY HOT, DRY AIR, CAN BE EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS.
Heat Index/Heat Disorders: Possible heat disorders for people in higher risk groups.
Heat Index of 130° OR Higher: HEATSTROKE/SUNSTROKE HIGHLY HIGHER LIKELY WITH CONTINUED EXPOSURE,
Heat Index of 105°- 130°: SUNSTROKE, HEAT CRAMPS OR HEAT EXHAUSTION LIKELY, AND HEATSTROKE POSSIBLE WITH PROLONGED EXPOSURE AND/OR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
Heat Index of 90°- 105°: SUNSTROKE, HEAT CRAMPS AND HEAT EXHAUSTION POSSIBLE WITH PROLONGED EXPOSURE AND/OR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY.
Heat Index of 80° - 90°: FATIGUE POSSIBLE WITH PROLONGED EXPOSURE AND/OR PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
Note on the HI chart the shaded zone above 105°F. This corresponds to a level of HI that may cause increasingly severe heat disorders with continued exposure and/or physical activity.
The "Heat Index vs. Heat Disorder" table (next to the HI chart) relates ranges of HI with specific disorders, particularly for people in higher risk groups.
Summary of NWS's Alert Procedures
The NWS will initiate alert procedures when the HI is expected to exceed 105°- 1 10°F (depending on local climate) for at least two consecutive days. The procedures are:
- Include HI values in zone and city forecasts.
- Issue Special Weather Statements and/or Public Information Statements presenting a detailed discussion of
- Extent of the hazard including HI values
- Who is most at risk
- Safety rules for reducing the risk.
- Assist state/local health officials in preparing Civil Emergency Messages in severe heat waves. Meteorological information from Special Weather Statements will be included as well as more detailed medical information, advice, and names and telephone numbers of health officials.
- Release to the media and over NOAA's own Weather Radio all of the above information.
How Heat Affects the Body Human
Human bodies dissipate heat by varying the rate and depth of blood circulation, by losing water through the skin and sweat glands, and-as the last extremity is reached-by panting, when blood is heated above 98.6 degrees. The heart begins to pump more blood, blood vessels dilate to accommodate the increased flow, and the bundles of tiny capillaries threading through the upper layers of skin are put into operation. The body's blood is circulated closer to the skin's surface, and excess heat drains off into the cooler atmosphere. At the same time, water diffuses through the skin as perspiration. The skin handles about 90 percent of the body's heat dissipating function.
Sweating, by itself, does nothing to cool the body, unless the water is removed by evaporation, and high relative humidity retards evaporation. The evaporation process itself works this way: the heat energy required to evaporate the sweat is extracted from the body, thereby cooling it. Under conditions of high temperature (above 90 degrees) and high relative humidity, the body is doing everything it can to maintain 98.6 degrees inside. The heart is pumping a torrent of blood through dilated circulatory vessels; the sweat glands are pouring liquid-including essential dissolved chemicals, like sodium and chloride onto the surface of the skin.
Too Much Heat
Heat disorders generally have to do with a reduction or collapse of the body's ability to shed heat by circulatory changes and sweating, or a chemical (salt) imbalance caused by too much sweating. When heat gain exceeds the level the body can remove, or when the body cannot compensate for fluids and salt lost through perspiration, the temperature of the body's inner core begins to rise and heat-related illness may develop.
Ranging in severity, heat disorders share one common feature: the individual has overexposed or over exercised for his age and physical condition in the existing thermal environment.
Sunburn, with its ultraviolet radiation burns, can significantly retard the skin's ability to shed excess heat. Studies indicate that, other things being equal, the severity of heat disorders tend to increase with age-heat cramps in a 17-year-old may be heat exhaustion in someone 40, and heat stroke in a person over 60.
Acclimatization has to do with adjusting sweat-salt concentrations, among other things. The idea is to lose enough water to regulate body temperature, with the least possible chemical disturbance.
Cities Pose Special Hazards
The stagnant atmospheric conditions of the heat wave trap pollutants in urban areas and add the stresses of severe pollution to the already dangerous stresses of hot weather, creating a health problem of undiscovered dimensions. A map of heat-related deaths in St. Louis during 1966, for example, shows a heavier concentration in the crowded alleys and towers of the inner city, where air quality would also be poor during a heat wave.
The high inner-city death rates also can be read as poor access to air-conditioned rooms. While air conditioning may be a luxury in normal times, it can be a lifesaver during heat wave conditions.
The cost of cool air moves steadily higher, adding what appears to be a cruel economic side to heat wave fatalities. Indications from the 1978 Texas heat wave suggest that some elderly people on fixed incomes, many of them in buildings that could not be ventilated without air conditioning, found the cost too high, turned off their units, and ultimately succumbed to the stresses of heat
Preventing Heat-Related Illness
Elderly persons, small children, chronic invalids, those on certain medications or drugs (especially tranquilizers and anticholinergics), and persons with weight and alcohol problems are particularly susceptible to heat reactions, especially during heat waves in areas where a moderate climate usually prevails.
Heat Wave Safety Tips
Slow down. Strenuous activities should be reduced, eliminated, or rescheduled to the coolest time of the day. Individuals at risk should stay in the coolest available place, not necessarily indoors.
Dress for summer. Lightweight light-colored clothing reflects heat and sunlight, and helps your body maintain normal temperatures.
Put less fuel on your inner fires. Foods (like proteins) that increase metabolic heat production also increase water loss.
Drink plenty of water or other non-alcohol fluids. Your body needs water to keep cool. Drink plenty of fluids even if you don't feel thirsty. Persons who (1) have epilepsy or heart, kidney, or liver disease, (2) are on fluid restrictive diets or (3) have a problem with fluid retention should consult a physician before increasing their consumption of fluids.
Do not drink alcoholic beverages.
Do not take salt tablets unless specified by a physician.
Spend more time in air-conditioned places. Air conditioning in homes and other buildings markedly reduces danger from the heat. If you cannot afford an air conditioner, spending some time each day (during hot weather) in an air conditioned environment affords some protection.
Don't get too much sun. Sunburn makes the job of heat dissipation that much more difficult
Know These Heat Disorder Symptoms
SUNBURN: Redness and pain. In severe cases swelling of skin, blisters, fever, headaches. First Aid: Ointments for mild cases if blisters appear and do not break. If breaking occurs, apply dry sterile dressing. Serious, extensive cases should be seen by physician.
HEAT CRAMPS: Painful spasms usually in muscles of legs and abdomen possible. Heavy sweating. First Aid: Firm pressure on cramping muscles, or gentle massage to relieve spasm. Give sips of water. If nausea occurs, discontinue use.
HEAT EXHAUSTION: Heavy sweating, weakness, skin cold, pale and clammy. Pulse thready. Normal temperature possible. Fainting and vomiting. First Aid: Get victim out of sun. Lay down and loosen clothing. Apply cool, wet cloths. Fan or move victim to air conditioned room. Sips of water. If nausea occurs, discontinue use. If vomiting continues, seek immediate medical attention.
HEAT STROKE (or sunstroke): High body temperature (106° F. or higher). Hot dry skin. Rapid and strong pulse. Possible unconsciousness. First Aid: HEAT STROKE IS A SEVERE MEDICAL EMERGENCY. SUMMON EMERGENCY MEDICAL ASSISTANCE OR GET THE VICTIM TO A HOSPITAL IMMEDIATELY. DELAY CAN BE FATAL. Move the victim to a cooler environment Reduce body temperature with cold bath or sponging. Use extreme caution. Remove clothing, use fans and air conditioners. If temperature rises again, repeat process. Do not give fluids. Persons on salt restrictive diets should consult a physician before increasing their salt intake.
*For more information contact your local American Red Cross Chapter. Ask to enroll in a first aid course.
Produced as a cooperative effort of NOAA's National Weather Service, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the American Red Cross. NOAA/PA 85001
Snow and Sleet Risk |
Risk Level
No snow or sleet.
Snow and/or sleet with less than 3 inches of accumulation expected.
Snow and/or sleet with 3 to 5.9 inches of accumulation expected.
Snow and/or sleet with 6 to 11.9 inches of accumulation expected.
Snow and/or sleet with greater than or equal to 12 inches of accumulation expected.
Heavy Snow
Heavy snow can immobilize a region and paralyze a city, stranding commuters, closing airports, stopping the flow of supplies, and disrupting emergency and medical services. Accumulations of snow can cause roofs to collapse and knock down trees and power lines. Homes and farms may be isolated for days and unprotected livestock may be lost. In the mountains, heavy snow can lead to avalanches. The cost of snow removal, repairing damages, and the loss of business can have severe economic impacts on cities and towns.
An avalanche is a mass of tumbling snow. More than 80 percent of midwinter avalanches are triggered by a rapid accumulation of snow, and 90 percent of those occur within 24 hours of snowfall. An avalanche may reach a mass of a million tons and travel at speeds up to 200 mph.
• About 70% result from vehicle accidents
• About 25% occur in people caught out in a storm
• Most happen to males over 40 years old BLIZZARD: Winds of 35 mph or more with snow and blowing snow reducing visibility to less than ¼ mile for at least 3 hours.
BLOWING SNOW: Wind-driven snow that reduces visibility. Blowing snow may be falling snow and/or snow on the ground picked up by the wind.
SNOW SQUALLS: Brief, intense snow showers accompanied by strong, gusty winds. Accumulation may be significant.
SNOW SHOWERS: Snow falling at varying intensities for brief periods of time. Some accumulation is possible.
SNOW FLURRIES: Light snow falling for short durations with little or no accumulation.
Be Prepared!
Before the Storm Strikes At Home and Work
Primary concerns are loss of heat, power and telephone service and a shortage of supplies if storm conditions continue for more than a day.
Have available:
- Flashlight and extra batteries.
- Battery-powered NOAA Weather Radio and portable radio to receive emergency information. These may be your only links to the outside.
- Extra food and water. Have high energy food, such as dried fruit, nuts and granola bars, and food requiring no cooking or refrigeration.
- Extra medicine and baby items.
- First-aid supplies.
- Heating fuel. Refuel before you are empty. Fuel carriers may not reach you for days after a winter storm.
- Emergency heat source: fireplace, wood stove, space heater.
-Use properly to prevent a fire.
-Ventilate properly.
- Fire extinguisher, smoke alarm. Test smoke alarms once a month to ensure they work properly.
- Make sure pets have plenty of food, water and shelter. In Vehicles
- Plan your travel and check the latest weather reports to avoid the storm!
- Fully check and winterize your vehicle before the winter season begins.
- Carry a WINTER STORM SURVIVAL KIT:
• Mobile phone, charger, batteries
• Blankets/sleeping bags
• Flashlight with extra batteries
• First-aid kit
• Knife
• High-calorie, non-perishable food
• Extra clothing to keep dry
• Large empty can to use as emergency toilet. Tissues and paper towels for sanitary purposes
• Small can and waterproof matches to melt snow for drinking water
• Sack of sand or cat litter for traction
• Shovel
• Windshield scraper and brush
• Tool kit
• Tow rope
• Battery booster cables
• Water container
• Compass and road maps.
- Keep your gas tank near full to avoid ice in the tank and fuel lines.
- Avoid traveling alone. Let someone know your timetable and primary and alternate routes.
Ice Accumulation Risk
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No freezing rain or drizzle. |
Limited |
Very light freezing rain or drizzle with no accumulation, OR Freezing Fog. |
Elevated |
Freezing rain or drizzle with accumulation less than 1/4 inch. |
Significant |
Freezing rain with accumulation of 1/4 inch to less than 1 inch. |
Extreme |
Freezing rain with accumulation of greater than or equal to 1 inch. |
Freezing Fog: Defined as Fog with temperatures below 32 degrees F. Can cause patchy ice accumulations to develop in exposed surfaces.
Freezing Rain: Rain that freezes when it hits the ground, creating a coating of ice on roads, walkways, trees, and power lines.
Ice Storm Warning: Heavy ice accumulation, generally greater than 1/4 of an inch thick, causing dangerous and damaging situations, such as downed utilitiy lines and icy roads.
Freezing Rain Advisory: Light ice coating on roads and highways, but no damage is expected to trees and power lines.
Have a winter storm survival kit in your home and vehicles, and be sure to receive the latest weather information from the NWS.
Be aware of carbon monoxide poisoning. Never use generators, grills, camp stoves, or other gasoline, propane, natural gas, or charcoal-burning devices inside your home, basement, garage, or camper-- or event outside near an open window.
Risk Level |
Definition |
None |
No danger of frost or freeze causing damage to vegetation. |
Limited |
Patchy frost during the growing season with minor damage to unprotected vegetation. |
Elevated |
Frost expected during the growing season with damage to unprotected vegetation. This may include temperatures less than or equal to 32 degrees F for less than 3 hours. |
Significant |
Freeze expected (less than or equal to 32 degrees F for 3 or more hours) during the growing season with significant damage to unprotected vegetation. |
Extreme |
Hard freeze (less than or equal to 28 degrees F) during the growing season with catastrophic damage to unprotected vegetation. |
Additional Frost and Freeze Information
The National Weather Service in Chanhassen, MN will issue Frost Advisories and Freeze Warnings for the growing season. The average date of the last frost in Spring is in early-to-mid May. The average date of the first killing frost in Autumn is from late September to early Ocotber.
Risk Level
Minimum apparent temperature greater than or equal to -4 degrees F.
Minimum apparent temperature -24 to -5 deg F.
Minimum apparent temperature -25 to -34 deg. F
Minimum apparent temperature -35 to -44 deg. F.
Minimum apparent temperature less than or equal to -45 degrees F
Apparent Temperature is defined as: | |
Wind Chill Temperature during the cold season. | ||
Heat Index Temperature during the warm season. |
Extreme Cold
Extreme cold often accompanies a winter storm or is left in its wake. Prolonged exposure to the cold can cause frostbite or hypothermia and become life-threatening. Infants and elderly people are most susceptible. What constitutes extreme cold and its effect varies across different areas of the United States. In areas unaccustomed to winter weather, near freezing temperatures are considered "extreme cold." Freezing temperatures can cause severe damage to citrus fruit crops and other vegetation. Pipes may freeze and burst in homes that are poorly insulated or without heat. In the north, below zero temperatures may be considered as "extreme cold." FROSTBITEFrostbite is damage to body tissue caused by that tissue being frozen. Frostbite causes a loss of feeling and a white or pale appearance in extremities, such as fingers, toes, ear lobes, or the tip of the nose. If symptoms are detected, get medical help immediately! If you must wait for help, slowly rewarm affected areas. However, if the person is also showing signs of hypothermia, warm the body core before the extremities.
Warning signs - uncontrollable shivering, memory loss, disorientation, incoherence, slurred speech,drowsiness, and apparent exhaustion.
Detection - Take the person's temperature. If below 95F (35C),immediately seek medical care! If medical care is not available, begin warming the person slowly. Warm the body core first. If needed, use your own body heat to help. Get the person into dry clothing, and wrap them in a warm blanket covering the head and neck. Do not give the person alcohol, drugs, coffee, or any hot beverage or food; warm broth is better. Do not warm extremities (arms and legs) first! This drives the cold blood toward the heart and can lead to heart failure.
The wind chill is based on the rate of heat loss from exposed skin caused by combined effects of wind and cold. As the wind increases, heat is carried away from the body at an accelerated rate, driving down the body temperature. Animals are also affected by wind chill.
Radar & Satellite Links
Radar Analysis
Satellite Analysis
The Enhanced Hazardous Weather Outlook (EHWO) provides:
- Hazardous Weather Buttons conveying risk levels for a given day
- Spotter Outlook Graphic that portrays the need for spotter activation
- Link to briefing pages that provide additional products and information for a given weather hazard
- Risk Legend section that defines the risk levels
- Safety and Education that provides safety and preparedness information for a given weather hazard.
The EWHO integrates the text of the Hazardous Weather Outlook with the graphical representation of expected hazards. The graphical buttons depict the threat level for a given day. The button display provides a quick overview of potential hazard risk levels through day 7. More specific information about expected hazards can be obtained by clicking on the buttons. Additional links to radar, briefings pages, etc, are provided to compliment the hazards graphics.
Each days graphic represents a time frame from 12 UTC to 12 UTC
which is 6 am current day to 6 am next day during standard time, and 7 am current day to 7 am next day during daylight savings time. |
This section will describe how to navigate through our Enhanced Hazardous Weather Outlook(HWO) suite of pages.
Example of a flooding risk table.
Navigating through Days 2 to 7 is done in the same manner described above for Day 1. Simply click on the risk "button" to go to that specific hazard.
To return back to the homepage for the National Weather Service in Twin Cities, MN, you can always click on the top of the page within the Twin Cities, MN text.


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June 10, 2008
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text:
Type | Feature Film |
MPAA Rating | N/A |
Runtime | 0hr 50mins. |
Genres | Drama, Adaptation |
Keywords | N/A |
Status | Released |
US Release Date | 11/30/1985 |
Gugu Mbatha-Raw's period drama Belle looks set to lead Britain's National Film Awards (NFAs) after landing six nominations.
British pop star Amelle Berrabah is engaged after accepting her boyfriend's proposal while on vacation.
We really don't think so.
Zendaya Coleman has thrown her support behind Alexandra Shipp as the actress prepares to take over the lead role in the upcoming Aaliyah biopic.
Justin Bieber's manager Scooter Braun is a married man after tying the knot with his fiancee in Canada over the weekend (05-06Jul14).
Profiling the subtle racism & struggle of Latinos in Hollywood.
And how can we save it?
The debut of Adela Dazeem, and the birth of a meme.
Kanye West's romantic proposal to fiancee Kim Kardashian was shared with the world on Sunday (16Feb14) as it aired in an episode of Keeping Up With The Kardashians.
Space drama Gravity scooped a handful of top honours at the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA) Awards on Sunday (16Feb14), including a Best Director prize for Alfonso Cuaron.
Name | Credit | Credited as |
Michel Brault | Director of Photography | n/a |
Stephen Metcalfe | Play as Source Material | n/a |
John Mills-Cockell | Music | n/a |
Charles Dunlop | Art Director | art direction |
Patrick Rousseau | Sound | sound recording mixer |
Stephen Metcalfe | Screenplay | n/a |
Louis A Stroller | Executive Producer | n/a |
Gary Busey | Actor | n/a |
Saul Rubinek | Actor | Sam |
Keith Carradine | Actor | J J |
Daniel Petrie Sr. | Director | n/a |
Stewart Harding | Producer | n/a |
Nick Mancuso | Actor | Toby |


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Is your Washington car title lost? See how to get a duplicate from the WA DMV at DMV.org: The WA DMV Made Simple. -
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Find Washington DOL Regulations for Buying & Selling Vehicles. -
Washington - Replacing a Lost Registration - Duplicate WA Registration
Can't find your WA car registration? Find out how to get a replacement from the Washington DMV at DMV.org: The WA DMV Made Simple. -
Washington Boat Registration, Licenses, Forms, Insurance Requirements & Information | DMV.org
Information regarding Washington boat registration, operating licenses, boating safety courses and insurance. -
Washington Car Registration Guide - Renewals, Online & Mail Options, Forms, & Fees
Washington car registration information, forms, and procedures. Registration renewal information, new to a state, registering a new vehicle, and non operational. -
WA Drivers License Name Change Forms & Guide: The DMV Made Simple
Find out how to change your name on your Washington Drivers License. -
Washington License Plates & Placards Information
Information on obtaining license plates & placards for Washington. -
Auto Loans & Financing Guide
Find info on auto loans and refinancing before buying your next new or used vehicle. Simply estimate your monthly payment with our auto loan calculator.