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Started by
, Dec 16 2012 03:19 PM
29 replies to this topic
#1Posted 16 December 2012 - 03:19 PM
Is it hard to make from scratch? How long will it keep for and how far in advance can it be made? Anyone got a great version they'd like to share?
Thanks! #2Posted 16 December 2012 - 03:25 PM
It's dead easy. I haven't got a recipe on hand but will give you a tip. Use a super clean mixing bowl, preferably glass or ceramic and not plastic. Wipe it and your beaters over with vinegar before you start. If there is any fat or oil residue anywhere, it won't work. It also won't work if you accidently get a bit of egg yolk in your egg white. Make sure you are very careful when seperating the eggs not to break a yolk.
I often make icecream on the same day. Icecream uses the yolks and pavlova uses the whites. I just google my recipes or use a tried an tested one out of mum's old Margaret Fulton cookbook. #3Posted 16 December 2012 - 03:31 PM
Mine works every time! No mucking around to check bowl etc. Just 4 egg whites (mine are always straight out if the fridge) and 1 cup of castor sugar. Beat egg whites on high until soft peaks form then gradually add the sugar and don't add more until the sugar has dissolved. The oven and time vary depending on the oven and I never use timers. It should be low though and takes about 1.5 hours (feels dry and crisp). Thus is an old favourite recipe from a Women's Weekly cookbook.
I usually make mine fresh on the day but a day in advance would be fine. Good luck! #4Posted 16 December 2012 - 03:33 PM
Has anyone made one in a convection oven before?
#5Posted 16 December 2012 - 03:36 PM
I was so hoping this thread would be in "baby names".
#6Posted 16 December 2012 - 04:13 PM
It's dead easy if you follow a few simple rules.
Spotlessly clean utensils. It can work even if they aren't perfect but your egg whites just won't whip up as well. Use fresh eggs. They are easier to separate and the proteins hold up better. Use room temp ingredients. Not as crucial in QLD because everything becomes room temp after 20 mins. It just means less 'sweating' from condensation. Be patient with baking. It's best cooked on a low heat for longer than higher heat for less time. I usually do it at night and leave it in the switched off oven overnight. Jam a wooden spoon in the door to allow heat to dissipate so it doesn't sweat. You can make it several days ahead of time undecorated. Don't put it in the fridge. I think I use a Margaret Fulton recipe too. Good luck #7Posted 16 December 2012 - 07:29 PM
My husband makes our pav- he cooks them on 130(fan forced) for 1.5 hours, then turns the oven off with the door ajar to cook.
He uses: 3 egg whites 3/4 cup of sugar 1t vanilla essence The mixture is easily doubled too. #8Posted 16 December 2012 - 10:37 PM
we are putting on christmas lunch this year and there is no way i will have time to make this....can anyone tell me can you buy it in woolworths already made up?
#9Posted 16 December 2012 - 10:42 PM
These days I cheat and use a "pavlova magic egg" out of the dessert aisle. I think you just add warm water and sugar. Instructions included. Whip up a bottle of cream and top with strawberries, kiwifruit and passionfruit.
My MIL is an awesome pav maker and uses the egg yolks to make custard that she puts on top of the pav. Yummy Christmas food!!! #10Posted 16 December 2012 - 10:43 PM
Sure. It's usually in the bakery section in various sizes. Not quite as nice as homemade with that marshmallow-y centre.
#11Posted 16 December 2012 - 10:44 PM
You can buy the bases at Coles or woolies in the bakery section. I personally wouldn't decorate until the day you need it.
#12Posted 16 December 2012 - 10:44 PM QUOTE (*melrose* @ 16/12/2012, 10:37 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}> we are putting on christmas lunch this year and there is no way i will have time to make this....can anyone tell me can you buy it in woolworths already made up? I've seen the shells in W/w in two sizes I think and a small made up one in the cold cabinet in the bakery. #13Posted 16 December 2012 - 10:50 PM
My one and only attempt at making a Pavlova yielded up a flat, sticky mess. I was later told by a friend that my error was making it on a humid day (it's QLD, when is it NOT ridiculously humid??)! Since then I have bought the pav base from the supermarket, but the tips in this thread have inspired me to make attempt number two!
But is it true that the humidity will just make another failure out of me? #14Posted 16 December 2012 - 10:59 PM
Humidity does effect the composition if egg whites. Try doing it at the coolest part of the day when it's less humid.
#15Posted 16 December 2012 - 11:05 PM QUOTE (YellowKittyGlenn @ 16/12/2012, 10:59 PM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}> Humidity does effect the composition if egg whites. Try doing it at the coolest part of the day when it's less humid. Hmm, maybe an evening project then. Thanks! #16Posted 16 December 2012 - 11:12 PM
I make them all the time in Q and while you might get a loftier pav in a temperate climate, mine still work.
The oven is the deciding factor--I used to have failures before I just left them in the oven overnight. You do need pristine egg whites and fat free beaters and bowl which are dry. #17Posted 16 December 2012 - 11:23 PM
The recipe I use (1cup sugar/4x egg whites) also asks for a pinch of salt. A lot of recipes call for vinegar, but I reckon I can taste it, so prefer salt.
I also second whisking well between sugar-adds, until the mix feels smooth, not grainy, when rubbed between your fingers. I beat mine like it owes me money. I think this is one of the quickest and easiest desserts ever to make! Love it! #18Posted 16 December 2012 - 11:24 PM
Super easy to make a pav. I use Stephanie Alexander's recipe. Here's a link.
http://www.allthedaze.com/development7.html The oven temp and timing is important. I make mine a day before at night and leave it in the oven once cooked amd the oven is off, until morning. My fave topping is lemon curd, mango slices, and Passionfruit. Oh and tons of cream. Edited by Wahwah, 16 December 2012 - 11:25 PM. #19Posted 17 December 2012 - 12:31 AM
Many thanks, I'll give it a go.
#20Posted 17 December 2012 - 01:10 AM QUOTE But is it true that the humidity will just make another failure out of me? unsure.gif I'm in QLD and make them successfully, even in summer. Sometimes a bit of vinegar and cornflour also helps. I find the above tips are generally all that's needed though. #21Posted 17 December 2012 - 05:20 AM QUOTE (Wahwah @ 17/12/2012, 12:24 AM) <{POST_SNAPBACK}> Super easy to make a pav. I use Stephanie Alexander's recipe. Here's a link. http://www.allthedaze.com/development7.html The oven temp and timing is important. I make mine a day before at night and leave it in the oven once cooked amd the oven is off, until morning. My fave topping is lemon curd, mango slices, and Passionfruit. Oh and tons of cream. When you leave it overnight in the oven, is the door ajar? Thanks for the thread OP. I actually sent my aunt a message yesterday asking the same thing as Im about to make an ice-cream with 9 egg yolks. I think we'll be having pav this Christmas too. Had anyone used egg whites they have previously frozen to make pav? I'm thinking of making the ice-cream this week but the pav would be for boxing day, so I'd need to freeze the egg whites . Will it still work ok? #22Posted 17 December 2012 - 05:27 PM
The whites would need to be kept meticulously dry with no chance of any water or condensation. I've never succeeded in that personally.
You can make the pav and keep it for a week. The risks are that it will weep a bit though if the weather is very humid. #23Posted 20 December 2012 - 01:03 PM
This is my fav recipe at the moment, the chocolate in it is delish
http://www.nigella.com/recipes/view/chocol...rry-pavlova-200 My tip would also to be to make sure all the sugar is beaten in, scrape down the sides and use your fingers to feel it to make sure it is not grainy. And if it does crack a lot, just break it up, put in a nice glass, stick cream and berries over the top and it still tastes aswesome. I put my failures in little cute preserving jars and everyone always loves them and never know my pav flopped #24Posted 20 December 2012 - 01:10 PM
I've had mixed success with the chocolate pav. It's not reliable for me.
Lots of pavlova recipes call for cream of tartar, cornflour, and vinegar. Does anybody know what the role of these ingredients are? What effect does leaving them out have? I've got a feeling that different ratios of these things make a more marshmallowy or drier pav, but not sure where I got that idea from... #25Posted 20 December 2012 - 01:20 PM
I'm in Qld and have never had problems with humidity or anything like that. I've also never specially washed my beaters and bowl or been worried about traces of oil. I don't take special care separating the eggs, have had a bit of yolk, and everything's always been fine. I've always used the recipe on the side of the CSR caster sugar packet, although I only roughly follow it. I don't actually measure anything and I'm sure I add a bit more cornflour and vinegar due to just putting a small spoonful it without measuring. Have always turned out great. Pavlova making is easy and cheap - and if you look at the prices of the premade bases at the supermarkets, the price is shocking compared to making it yourself using a few egg whites and a cup of sugar.
Edited by SarahM72, 20 December 2012 - 01:23 PM. 1 user(s) are reading this topic0 members, 1 guests, 0 anonymous users |
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FRIDAY, Jan. 6 (HealthDay News) -- In coronary care unit (CCU) patients, a paper-based glucose-lowering algorithm with target serum glucose levels of 5.0 to 6.5 mmol/L (90 to 117 mg/dL) can be safely implemented, but further studies are needed to assess cardiovascular outcomes, according to research published in the January issue of Diabetes Care.
Kara A. Nerenberg, M.D., M.S.C., of McMaster University in Hamilton, Canada, and colleagues analyzed mean glucose levels at 24 hours in 287 coronary care unit (CCU) patients with an acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and a capillary glucose level of ≥8.0 mmol/L. These patients were randomly assigned glucose management with either intravenous glulisine insulin using a paper-based glucose-lowering algorithm, followed by 30 days of once-daily subcutaneous glargine injections, or with standard methods, in which physicians could choose to treat the patient with insulin therapy for high serum glucose levels. Patients were followed for 90 days to assess clinical outcomes.
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Aug 24, 2014, 03:19 PM | ||
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http://www.theplanpage.com/ You may have been putting an "s" in after "plan" when there isn't one. CD |
Aug 24, 2014, 09:28 PM | ||
Carstens is not like that. If there's any way possible, they'll make it good. I was a subscriber to Model Builder when it went down, with RC Boat Modeler when it died, and others. In every case, they worked very hard not to betray the trust of the subscribers. I fully trust that Carstens will work hard to keep us all satisfied. No, there is no guarantee, but they are people of character. Be patient; give them time. Andy |
Aug 24, 2014, 09:57 PM | ||||
I recently when to Aircraft Spruce and purchased several 2 x 4 x 36" long blocks of balsa to save cost on buying the thicker planks like 1/4, 3/8, 1/2. I'll just use my bandsaw to rip cut what I need. It's a little more work but does save me a few dollars. The Outerzone and HipPocket Aeronautics Plans Page sites have stepped in to offer plans in digital format. This is a great alternative to plans services as you download the plan onto a thumb drive then go to Staples to get your plan printed for less than $6 most of the time. There's only one or two people at my club out of 130 that use 72MHz. The 2.4Ghz stuff so far for me has been a good thing. No more waiting in line to get access to 1 of 50 channels so that's not an issue. The FPV and multirotors issue totally bewilders me. Using $250,000 of AMA money to support this is ridiculous and pits the AMA against the FAA which in this case could cause harm to the hobby. |
Aug 25, 2014, 09:38 AM | |
There is a lot more to the FAA issue than the AMA wanting to support the multi-rotor FPVs.
A few things I have heard: If you are a licensed pilot of full scale aircraft, and you are cited for an incident involving a model airplane, you could lose your license. Incredible...the FAA is considering model airplanes to be the same as real full-scale, piloted aircraft, subjected to all the regulations the FAA holds authority over. If you design and market a plane, you are not allowed to fly the same plane you designed, unless you possess a pilots license. It's only a model airplane for goodness sakes. So, you design and build a rubber powered FF (or something else), the design gets purchased by some model kit manufacturer for production, and you go out to the park and test the model...you can get arrested technically for not having a private pilots license??? This is going off on a tangent to the original intent of this thread, but you get the idea. This is what the AMA is battling. Congress already limited the FAA from putting model airplanes under the same rules as full-scale piloted aircraft. But the FAA is disregarding that direction and making their own rules. Expect this to land in the Supreme Court eventually. |
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The Howard Hughes Corp. on Oct. 9 officially opened Downtown Summerlin in Las Vegas, the largest retail development to open in the U.S. since the economic downturn.
The Howard Hughes Corporation (HHC) and Smith's Food & Drug are planning a 78,000-sq.-ft.food and drug store in Holladay, Utah.
The Howard Hughes Corp. on Thursday officially broke ground on the redevelopment of Manhattan's South Street Seaport, with a ceremony at Pier 17.
Following unanimous approval in March by the New York City Council for the redevelopment of Pier 17, The Howard Hughes Corp. said it has named RKF as the exclusive consultant and leasing agent for the South Street Seaport.
The Howard Hughes Corp. and Dillard's announced that the department store is the latest anchor to be part of The Shops at Summerlin, in West Las Vegas Valley.


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Latest headlines
EU poised to hit RE target thanks to solar and wind, EEA reports
The expansion of solar and wind power across the European Union brings cheer, doubts raised over biofuels and biomass.
Battery storage start-up Alevo plans 200 MW project in US
Swiss energy storage start-up Alevo Group today announced a partnership with Customized Energy Solutions (CES) to deploy 200 MW of its lithium-ion-based battery systems in an undisclosed wholesale energy market in the United...
Tesla gears up for charge into home battery storage market
Tesla Motors, the electric vehicle company throwing down a major challenge to the global motor industry, says it is now looking to become a front-runner in energy storage in a major new challenge to the traditional electric...
Younicos forms new business units to capitalize on growing storage market
The Berlin-based energy storage company announces creation of three new business divisions and experienced senior management team as it eyes global opportunities within the sector.
Investments in 'grid-edge' companies climb to $1.3 billion in 2014
According to GTM Research, investments in the field last year surpassed 2012 and 2013 but remained below the $1.4 billion the sector raised in 2011.
DNV GL to provide grid storage testing to ARPA-E
Renewable energy and sustainability advisory DNV GL has signed a four-year deal to supply performance testing for U.S. government agency ARPA-E. The testing will validate the performance, reliability and safety of grid-tied...
Japan's METI to roll out energy efficiency and storage subsidy
Distributed battery installations are set to receive a boost in Japan, with the country's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry set to roll out a $779 million incentive scheme. The scheme will also target energy efficient...
Aquion Energy enters 1 MWh battery supply deal in Hawaii
U.S. aqueous hybrid ion battery developer and supplier Aquion Energy has entered into a supply deal with the residential community Bakken Hale, to supply a 1 MWh battery system. The battery installation will be coupled with a PV...
Manz books $47.5 million in battery orders
German PV, battery and flat panel production equipment supplier Manz has announced EUR 40 million ($47.5 million) in lithium ion battery equipment supply deals. The details of the orders have not been revealed.
Californian grid operator to address net imbalance
The Californian Independent System Operator (CASIO) is addressing the famous load duck and attempting to "let the duck fly."
Interview: Storage at cusp of strong growth in commercial market
Last week GTM Research released its latest solar-plus-storage market report. Ravi Manghani, senior analyst energy storage at GTM Research spoke to pv magazine about the emerging storage market in the commercial sector both for...
Germany sees price drop in solar power storage systems
Prices for solar power storage systems have fallen by 25% since spring. The German solar industry expects continued growth in demand for storage systems.
UK unveils Europe's largest battery storage project
The 6 MW Smarter Network Storage project near London is the result of a collaboration between S&C Electric, Samsung SDI, Younicos and U.K. Power Networks.
Flow batteries to create $190 million market by 2020
On the basis of superior cost dynamics, flow batteries are set to create a 360 MWh market by 2020, for stationary storage applications. Vanadium-based technology will be the predominate redox flow technology, according to...
Cleantech disruption to reduce annual utility revenues by up to $123 billion
The growth of distributed generation and energy efficiency is set to reduce utility revenues by up to $123 billion a year by 2025. This is the finding of a new report by consultants Accenture, in its Digitally Enabled Grid...
Is the oil price slump a boon for solar?
As global oil prices hit a five-year low, the fossil fuel industry is facing a gathering storm that could spell great news for the solar power industry.
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Accomplished racers around the world have their eyes on Mazda's Road to Indy ladder program.
Enzo Potolicchio talked exclusively with Motorsport.com about the current situation at 8Star, a team that wants to race, but also wants to do it right.
Bryan Herta said that with a new car in the series, and a revitalization of the series he is open to bringing his team back to Indy Lights.
Charlie Kimball had a lot to say as he prepares to go after another Rolex watch.
The Rolex 24 at Daytona International Speedway is just one of those events that everybody wants to be a part of, and that includes racers.
Welcome to the second part of my interview with Dario Franchitti. Today's topic is IndyCar.
Canadian driver climbing the ladder to test with 8Star Motorsports.
Series has engine partner for the first time since Infiniti quit in 2006.
More teams receiving their new Dallara IL-15 cars.
Duo is moving up from Pro Mazda to Indy Lights for 2015.
All three ladder series to feature expanded calendars in 2015
Ten teams are registered for next season.
There is a lot of shuffling going on within the Indy Lights ranks.
Dan Andersen is putting money behind his motives to find new talent.
Parker Kligerman will test an Indy Lights car this weekend.
Max Chilton will assist with Carlin's 2015 Indy Lights presented by Cooper Tires preparations.
Canadian driver the fastest over the two days.
Schmidt Peterson Motorsports hopes to add to seven championships.
Braille will power the Dallara IL-15 through 2020.
Multi-year agreement to help showcase ladder series.
Pro Mazda winner to join Newgarden, Alberico for shakedown.
Who will emerge as this year's champion? Chaves or Veach?
The following is a recap of Friday's activities.
Veach and Brabham give Andretti Autosport a one-two finish.
Ohio driver started from the pole.
The Indy Lights drivers return to oval racing this weekend.
'Stairway of talent' learning their craft.


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The Gift of Christmas
In the Spirit of...Christmas
By Debbie Macomber; Linda Goodnight
(Harlequin, Mass Market Paperback, 9780373180714, 512pp.)
Publication Date: October 29, 2013
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Enter your zip code below to find indies closest to you.
And good will to men. Especially one man-Cooper Masters. But Ashley Robbins would like to be the recipient of more than good will from him....
This year Ashley has finished her education, launched her career and affirmed her faith. And she's now in a position to pay Cooper back the money he lent her for college. She's achieved all her goals-except one, and it has to do with Cooper, the man she fell in love with years ago. The man whose love she craves.
Cooper gave her the gift of her education and Ashley would like to return the favor-and offer him her love. But the greatest gift she can give him this Christmas is her own knowledge of God's love....
Debbie Macomber, with more than 100 million copies of her books sold worldwide, is one of today's most popular authors. The #1 New York Times bestselling author is best known for her ability to create compelling characters and bring their stories to life in her books. Debbie is a regular resident on numerous bestseller lists, including the New York Times (70 times and counting), USA TODAY (currently 67 times) and Publishers Weekly (47 times). Visit her at www.DebbieMacomber.com.
Winner of the RITA Award for excellence in fiction, Linda Goodnight has won various other highly acclaimed awards, and her romance novels have been translated into more than a dozen languages. Active in orphan ministry, this former nurse and teacher enjoys writing fiction that carries a message of hope and light in a sometimes dark world. A country girl, she lives in Oklahoma. Readers may contact her through her website: www.lindagoodnight.com


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US 20040107013 A1 Abstract A method of controlling a multivariable system includes the step of receiving a plurality of sensor signals indicating current conditions of the system and receiving a plurality of commands. The desired dynamic response of the system is then determined based upon the commands and the sensor signals. The problem of controlling the system to achieve the desired dynamic response without violating numerous actuator and physical constraints is then formulated as a quadratic programming problem. By solving the quadratic programming problem, the effector commands are determined and the physical constraints are enforced.
Claims(27) 1. A method for controlling a multivariable system including the steps of:
a) Receiving a plurality of sensor signals indicating current conditions of the system which are periodically sampled; b) Receiving a plurality of commands; c) Determining a desired change in output of the system for one or more of the next controller samples based upon the commands and sensor signals; d) Formulating the problem of determining actuator commands to achieve the change in output by the next, and possibly more future, controller sample(s) as a quadratic programming problem that includes physical limits or constraints of the system. 2. The method of
i) determining how a nominal system output should change in the next controller sample(s),
ii) specifying the physical limits and constraints, and
iii) determining the actuator commands to achieve the change.
3. The method of
4. The method of
5. The method of
6. The method of
7. The method of
8. The method of
e) Solving the quadratic programming problem to determine effector commands that will cause the desired change in output.
9. The method of
10. The method of
11. The method of
12. The method of
13. The method of
14. The method of
15. The method of
16. A multivariable control system comprising:
A plurality of sensors indicating current conditions of the system; A plurality of effectors for changing dynamics of the system in response to effector commands; A dynamic feed forward module determining how a system output should change in a subsequent sample period; A dynamic model follower comparing desired and actual system responses to adjust an output change command as needed; and A dynamic inversion module determining the effector commands in order to change the system output based upon the determination by the dynamic feed forward and dynamic model follower modules by formulating a quadratic programming problem to include physical limits of the system. 17. The multivariable control system of
18. The method of
19. The multivariable system of
20. The multivariable system of
21. A computer readable medium storing a computer program, which when executed by a computer performs the steps of:
a) Receiving a plurality of sensor signals indicating current conditions of the system which are periodically sampled; b) Receiving a plurality of commands; c) Determining a desired change in output of the system for a next controller sample based upon the commands and sensor signals; d) Formulating the problem of determining actuator commands to achieve the change in output by the next controller sample as a quadratic programming problem that includes physical limits or constraints of the system. 22. The computer readable medium of
23. The computer readable medium of
24. The computer readable medium of
25. The computer readable medium of
26. The computer readable medium of
27. The computer readable medium of
Description [0001] This invention was conceived in performance of work under U.S. Government Contract N00421-01-2-0131. [0002] The present invention relates generally to control systems and more particularly to dynamic inversion control systems. [0003] Dynamic inversion is a method for the design and implementation of control software for realtime, onboard control system computers. A version has been developed by aerospace companies for flight control software for fighter aircraft. Controlling an aircraft's trajectory through the air requires means or effectors (such as the elevator) that can change the aircrafts pitch, yaw, roll, and speed. The main focus of the current versions of dynamic inversion has been control logic for commanding a surplus of means for producing the various forces and moments required. The term surplus implies there are several combinations of effectors, such as thrust vectoring, elevators and canards, that cause the aircraft to pitch, or to yaw, etc. in controllable amounts. Dynamic inversion has been developed to exploit this surplus by 1) increasing the range of total forces and moments beyond the limits of the individual effectors, 2) providing smooth switching to another effector when one reaches its limit, 3) maximizing the potential rate at which forces and moments might be altered, 4) minimizing the impact of a undetected failure in one or more of the effectors, 5) surviving the failure or destruction of some the effectors, 6) varying control laws as the number of free effectors vary with flight mode. [0004] The plant or structure being controlled (e.g. the aircraft and its components) has physical limits that must be observed. For example, the effectors on an aircraft have the power to damage the aircraft's structure (such as tearing off its wings). These physical limits of the plant are not represented in the known dynamic inversion method itself. Thus the known dynamic inversion method may produce outputs that would violate the physical limits of the plant. As a result, these physical limits are enforced via ad hoc logic modifying the inputs to the dynamic inversion method so as to prevent damage to the plant. The ad hoc treatment of the physical limits is not possible where the plant is operating very close to too many physical limits. [0005] The present invention provides an improved system and method for controlling a multivariable system using dynamic inversion that observes physical constraints. Because the physical constraints are brought into the dynamic inversion process, the present invention is much more efficient at handling and enforcing multiple physical constraints. The present invention also provides a new method and means for prioritizing the response in a multivariable system when the system is at one or more of its physical limits. [0006] The present invention also provides a novel control logic (software) architecture that separates control logic design and implementation into Dynamic Feed-Forward (DFF), Dynamic Model Follower (DMF) and Dynamic Inversion (DI) modules. The DFF module produces a component of a command of how the system output should change by the next controller sample period. Its design establishes the nominal command response dynamics. The word nominal is used here to indicate the ideal situation where the system dynamics behave the same as a mathematical model of the system used in control law design. Non-nominal behavior is thus due to, the inevitable, modeling errors. The DI module determines effector commands that best cause the system outputs to change as desired. DI thus �inverts� the system dynamics by making them appear as simple, uncoupled digital integrators. Even when the system dynamics vary with configuration or operating point, the dynamics with DI appear the same throughout the system's operating envelope and the same from one type of system to another. The DMF module compares desired and actual system responses to adjust the output change command as needed to attenuate the effects of modeling errors and disturbances. DMF establishes how quickly and completely the effects of model errors and disturbances are attenuated. [0007] This separation of design improves performance and software productivity. The inventive design allows the system command response to be faster than the feedback loop is capable of. Feedback loop bandwidth is limited by the need to be stable and well behaved despite model errors. However, the DFF establishes the nominal command response without using feedback from the system, and thus its stability is not affected by model error. The simplifying action of the DI module makes dynamic feedforward algorithms feasible for a wide range of systems. [0008] The inventive design also reduces the scope of logic that must be changed to upgrade or modify the control software to respond to changes in the system design or to respond to changing requirements. To a large extent, if the system dynamics model changes, only the DI module needs modification. If it becomes apparent the model errors (e.g., time delays) are more or less than expected only the DMF module requires changes. To change the desired command response dynamics, only requires modification to the DFF module. [0009] The inventive design also increases software reuse. Because this is a formal design method it applies to a wide class of nonlinear, multivariable systems and because it explicitly includes the notion of limits and constraints, there will be significantly less ad hoc control logic and fewer �modes� of the logic. Also, significant portions of the logic, such as the quadratic program solver are general purpose software and do not change from one application to the next. [0010] The present invention also has application to more general systems. Prior Dynamic Inversion applications required that the effectors directly affect the time derivative, or higher order time derivative, of the system variables that need to be controlled. This is not true of the outputs from certain systems. This invention generalizes dynamic inversion so that it can be applied to any system that can be modeled with a linear parameter-varying differential equation (as well at to any dynamical system for which a state-space model exists). [0011] Other advantages of the present invention will be readily appreciated as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein: [0012]FIG. 1 illustrates the multivariable control system of the present invention. [0013]FIG. 1 illustrates a control system 20 according to the present invention. The constrained dynamic inversion algorithm is meant to be implemented on a discrete time sampled-data computer 22 in order to control a dynamic system. The computer 22 includes a CPU, memory 24 and other known hardware and is programmed to perform as described herein to produce actuator commands, uc. The actuator commands, uc, control a plurality of actuators 26, which take the electronic commands, uc, and turn them into physical forces that adjust a plurality of effectors 28, each of the plurality of actuators 26 being associated with one of the plurality of effectors 28. The effectors 28 change the dynamics of the plant 30. A plurality of sensors 32 provide feedback y to the computer 22. The computer 22 determines the next set of actuator commands, uc, based upon the information from the sensors 32 and based upon system output commands 34, which may come from a human operator or a higher level control system. [0014] The computer 22 periodically samples commands, yc, and sensor feedback, y, in order to make actuator commands, uc. y(n) and yc(n) refer to values of y and yc at the nth sampling, which occurs at time n. The actuators 26 interpret uc(n) as a constant command held from time n to time n+1. y, yc, and u can all be vectors to represent multiple degrees of freedom. As used herein, the current time is time n and the time of the next controller sample is time n+1. The control algorithm is implemented via controller software. It determines the actuator commands, u, that make the system outputs, y, nominally approach the commanded values yc, with the desired dynamics, specified by signal yd. The commands may come from a human operator or a higher level control system. This is a well known form of a digital computer based control system. The substance of this invention is a novel control algorithm stored in memory 24 and executed by computer 22. [0015] The control logic (software) architecture separates control logic design and implementation into Dynamic Feed-Forward (DFF) 40, Dynamic Model Follower (DMF) 42 and Dynamic Inversion (DI) 44 modules. The DFF 40 module produces a component of a command of how the system output should change by the next controller sample period, vff. Its design establishes the nominal command response dynamics. DFF 40 also produces the desired response signal, yd, which specifies what the system output, y, should be at any given computer sample time, if y where approaching yc with the desired dynamic trajectory. The DI 44 module determines effector 28 commands that best cause the system outputs to change as desired during the next sample period. DI 44 thus �inverts� the system dynamics by making them appear as simple, uncoupled digital integrators. DI can be used to invert the dynamics into other forms, but the choice of uncoupled integrators makes it particularly easy to design and implement the dynamic feedforward signal, vff. Even when the system dynamics vary with configuration or operating point, the dynamics with DI 44 appear the same throughout the system's operating envelope and the same from one type of system to another. The DMF 42 module compares desired and actual system responses to adjust the output change command as needed to attenuate the effects of modeling errors and disturbances. DMF 42 establishes how quickly and completely the effects of model errors and disturbances are attenuated. [0016] The DI 44 module can be further subdivided into four modules as shown in FIG. 1, for a total six modules as follows: [0017] A state variable model 48 produces a linearized model for predicting values of system variables, y(n+1), one control sample ahead (a.k.a. the next step) as a function of the actuator commands, uc(n). This prediction also uses a feedback measure of the current output, y(n) and the command signals for any effectors not actively under control of the Constrained Dynamic Inversion (e.g., failed actuators). [0018] A performance index block 50 uses this model to formulate the determination of actuator commands, uc(n), as a quadratic optimization problem with linear constraints. One input to this block is the command v(n) which is the amount the system output y should change by the time n+1. The performance index contains a quadratic (aka, weighted sum of squared error) measure of how well this will be achieved, as predicted by the model. [0019] A robust constraint block 52 transforms limits and constraints on the effectors and on various variables of system response into the form of linear inequality equations with uc(n) as the independent variables. These constraints are formulated in a novel way so as to make them robust to model errors. [0020] A quadratic programming block 54 solves the special type of optimization problem posed by the performance index and constraint equations. If there are just the right amount of effectors and the system is not on any limits or constraints, then the QP solver merely performs the computations to determine the unique actuator commands required to make y(n+1)=y(n)+v(n). Other cases are more complicated, as discussed below. [0021] The dynamic feedforward (DFF) block 40 explicitly contains the specification of how the controlled system should dynamically respond to commands in the form of a Desired Response Model. This model outputs yd(n), the value of y(n), if the system were behaving as desired. DFF 40 also produces a component, vff, of v(n) that will nominally cause the system output y(n) to equal the desired command response, yd(n), at all times. This establishes the nominal command response dynamics. [0022] The DMF 42 block is a feedback controller that compares desired and actual responses to determine a feedback component, vfb, of the v command. This component compensates for the differences between the onboard model and the real system. It establishes how quickly and completely the effects of model errors and disturbances are attenuated. The dynamics of the system combined with the four Dynamic Inversion blocks is greatly simplified. This combination nominally has uncoupled responses to the v commands, relatively simple dynamics, and is invariant over the operating envelope. The DMF and DFF blocks set v to determine the dynamic response of the controlled system to external commands and to feedback signals in a manner that exploits this simplicity. [0023] State Variable Model [0024] The state variable model block 48 produces the coefficient matrices (A,B,C,D) and the base point (xb, ub, yb), for a locally linearized model of the system. The overall linearized model is in the form of a linear parameter varying model. That implies the coefficients vary with one or more parameters. [0025] This invention applies to systems whose dynamics can be modeled with the nonlinear dynamic equations:
[0026] where x is the termed state vector of the system, u is the commanded actuator outputs, and w are uncommanded inputs, termed disturbances. The vector y contains system outputs the controller needs to affect and also outputs that have significant constraints or limits. [0027] For use with dynamic inversion, these equations are solved for one controller period ahead of the current time and linearized about xb and ub as follows. Δx(n)=∫f(x, u)�dt≈f(xb,ub)*ΔT+A(x(n)−xb)+B(u(n)−ub) y(n)=h(xb,ub)+C(x(n)−xb)+D(u(n)−ub) [0028] where xb and ub may vary with some parameter and are chosen so f(xb,ub)=0. w is a modeling error and is neglected within DI 44 but attenuated by DMF 42. Subtracting the y equation at time n from that at time n+1 yields Δy(n)≡y(n+1)−y(n)=CΔx(n)+DΔu(n) [0029] where Δx(n)≡x(n+1)−x(n) [0030] and Δu(n)≡u(n+1)−u(n) [0031] The invention also applies when this model is only approximately accurate. [0032] The matrix B and the vectors u and ub can be separated into two parts associated with actuators commanded by Constrained Dynamic Inversion and other actuators. The terms associated with the other actuators will be due to an outside input to this model. The separation can be changed during operation. This allows to operate in a coordinated fashion with other control loops, to respond to situations where some actuators are not used in all operating conditions, and to failed actuators. Matrices C and D and vectors Δx and ub are the outputs of the state variable model block. The prediction Δx can be produced using a Kalman filter, following well-known methods. If x is directly measured, the Δx equation above can also be used. C and D are partitioned into Cy and Cc and Dy and Dc, respectively. Cy and Dy correspond to outputs that DI 44 must control. Cc and Dc correspond to outputs that have limits that will be enforced. Cy, Dy, Ax and ub are passed to the performance index formulation block. Cc, Dc, Δx and ub are passed to the robust constraint formulation block. [0033] Because DI 44 only uses this model to predict the change one control period ahead and because DMF 42 includes compensating feedback loops, the model accuracy requirement is relatively mild. This implies simplifying model approximations can be used, even though they introduce addition modeling error. [0034] Robust Constraint Formulation [0035] In the constraint block 52, constraints of the form z(k)<=Z max; [0036] can be enforced via DI 44 for all sample times k, where z are outputs of the system. At the nth sample time, DI 44 is determining uc(n), which will effect z(n+1). Therefore, the constraint for the nth sample is z(n+1)=z(n)+Δz(n)<=Z max [0037] From the state variable model Δz(n)=Cc*Δx(n)+Dc*Δudi [0038] where udi is the actuator position, possibly predicted by the onboard actuator dynamics model. Δudi is its predicted change in the next computer sample period. Here Δudi is predicted using the following actuator model Δudi=Ba*(uc(n)−udi(n)) [0039] Substituting this into the above results in Δz(n)=Cc*Δx(n)+Dc*Ba*(uc(n)−udi(n)). [0040] Substituting this into the inequality constraint equation results in Dc*Ba*uc(n)<=Z max−z(n)−Cc*Δx(n)+Dc*Ba*udi(n). [0041] Our experience has shown that this direct form of expressing the constraints is often not robust enough to modeling error. For example, the response z might continually �bounce� off the limit Zmax. Therefore, it is modified as follows Dc*Ba*uc(n)<=K*(Z max−z(n))−Cc*Δx(n)+Dc*Ba*udi(n), (1) [0042] where 0<K<=1. The constraint is said to be active when the equality holds. When a constraint is active, Quadratic Programming (QP) 54 will devote one degree of freedom of uc(n) to making sure that Δz model(n)=K(Z max−z(n)) [0043] where ΔZmodel is the change in z predicted by the model. Suppose due to model errors the actual response is Δz(n )=(1+f)K(Z max−z(n))+bias [0044] where f and bias represent model errors. This is a dynamic equation and it must be stable for good controller operation. It will be stable for 1<f<(2−K)/K. [0045] K=1 is the direct form. K<1 increases the stability margins. When K<1, z will be limited to less than Zmax for a brief transitory period. If the system remains on this robust constraint, z will asymptotically approach the limit Zmax. Also, the effect of the bias increases as K is reduced. When on the constraint z will settle to the steady state value
[0046] The choice of K is thus a tradeoff of stability robustness and sensitivity to bias in the onboard model. [0047] The constraint equations will be combination of various types of constraints. [0048] Actuator Limits [0049] Actuator limits take the form: u(n+1)≦Umax and u(n+1)≧Umin. Following the robust method above, the constraint will be formulated as Δu(n)<K(U max−u(n)). [0050] If the actuator dynamics are modeled as first order lags with a steady state gain of one, the change in actuator position during the next control period will be Δu(n)=Ba(uc(n)−u(n)). [0051] where Ba includes the time constants of the actuators. Substituting the actuator model into the constraint equation yields: Ba*uc(n)≦K 1(U max−u(n))+Ba*u(n) [0052] Because the actuator models are usually fairly accurate, this can be simplified by choosing constraint dynamics to match the actuator dynamics, that is K=Ba, to yield the final result
[0053] By limiting the commands, the actuator position will asymptotically approach the limits, with the time constants of the actuator dynamics. [0054] Type 1 Output Constraints [0055] Constraints on plant response are termed output constraints. The z of the general constraint equation is replaced with system output y where yc(n)=yb(n)+Cc(x(n)−xb(n))+Dc(u(n)−ub(n)) [0056] and Δyc(n)=CcΔx(n)+DcΔu(n)=CcΔx(n)+Dc�Ba(uc(n)−u(n)) [0057] xb, ub, and yb are �base� values about which the nonlinear dynamics are linearized about. Each output constraint is associated with a particular row vector of the Cc and Dc matrices. An output constraint is termed a Type 1 constraint if its associated row of Dc contains some nonzero entries. Substituting this equation for Δyc into the general constraint Eq. (1) yields Dc�Ba�uc≦K 2(Y max−yc(n))−CcΔ{circumflex over (x)}+Dc�Ba��(n). (3) [0058] Type 2 Output Constraints [0059] If all the entries of the row vector of Dc associated with a constraint are zero, then Eq. (3) does not provide any information as to how the output constraint constrains the choice of uc. Therefore a constraint equation of the form of Eq. (3) cannot be used for QP. The solution is take a derivative (or small perturbation) of the output equation as follows: [0060] The perturbed output equation: Δyc(n)=CcΔx(n) [0061] is perturbed once more to become: Δ(Δyc(n))=Cc�AΔx(n)+Cc�B�Ba(uc(n)−u(n)) [0062] where the state dynamics model: Δx(n)=A(x(n)−xb(n))+B(u(n)−ub(n)) [0063] has been used, which implies: Δ(Δx(n))=AΔx(n)+BΔu(n) [0064] For a particular constraint, if entries of the associated row of Dc are zero, but those of Cc*B are not all zero, the output constraint is termed a type 2 constraint (If all entries of the row of Cc*B are zero, then a higher order perturbation will be needed). In a Type 2 constraint, z of Eq. (1) is replaced with Δyc and a new term is added to get Δ(Δyc(n))≦K 3 (Y max−yc(n))−K 4 Δyc(n) [0065] When one of these constraints is active, this becomes a dynamic equation in yc, and its eigenvalues are determined by K3 and K4. Substituting the plant model for ΔΔy into the above yields the type 2 output constraint Cc�B�uc(n)≦K 3(Y max−y(n))−K 4 Δy(n)−Cc�A�Δx(n)+Cc�B�u(n) (4) [0066] This approach can be extended to higher types if needed. [0067] Equations (2), (3), and (4) together are the constraint equations for Dynamic Inversion. They are put in the form Jcon*uc(n)<=Kcon. [0068] and Jcon and Kcon are passed to the QP block. [0069] Performance Index Formulation [0070] The performance index block receives the signal, v(n), whose elements are goals for Δy(n). It also receives state variable model terms that form the prediction equation Δy(n)=CyΔx(n)+Dy*Ba*(uc(n)−udi(n)). [0071] The QP solver will find a uc(n) to minimize the following index at time n �(v−Δy)T *Q*(v−Δy)+�(uc−ub) T *R*(uc−ub) [0072] The design of entries in matrices Q and R is based on the properties of the QP solution. Matrix R is chosen so the second term of the index is much smaller than the first, when (v−Δy) and (uc−ub) have what the designer regards as equivalent sizes. Note the signal v−Δy can be form a number of different ways using the model. If R is small enough, the number of actuators degrees of freedom matches the number of commands, v, and no limits have been reached, then this index will have a minimum when Δy(n) is approximately equal to v(n). Note that in this nominal situation Q and the relative values in R do not affect the answer. This means they can be selected for other purposes without changing the nominal response. [0073] Q is selected for those cases where there are fewer available actuators than commands or goals. This can occur by design or can occur during operation. At time of design, practical considerations may dictate there be fewer actuators than goals. Even if the design has more actuators than goals at the start of operation, the number of available actuators drops when actuators fail or when some of the limits are met. When a limit is reached, the QP block 54 will dedicate one degree of freedom of the actuators to enforcing the limit. This reduces the number of actuators available to minimize the performance index by one. If another limit is reached, while still on the first limit, the available actuator degrees of freedom drops by one more, and so on. In these cases not all the goals can be met and instead the system output will be a minimum of the weighted sum of squares deviation from the desired outputs. Q is a matrix of the relative weights. Higher priority goals should have a higher weight in Q. [0074] R is selected for those cases where there are more available actuators than commands or goals. This can occur when the required system reliability exceeds that of individual actuators. In this case, extra actuators are included so that one or more actuator failures can be accommodated. One consequence is that a whole subspace of actuator commands all meet the v goals. The R term of the index ensures there will be a unique command. The relative sizes of the elements in R are used to specify how the actuator redundancy is to be utilized. For example, if there are two identical actuators operating in parallel and they had equal weights in R, they would each bear half the load. If the weight on one was then increased, it would bear less than half the load. When the actuators are dissimilar, actuators with smaller ranges are typically given higher weights, to make them more likely to stay off their limits. [0075] The QP performance index is formed from the above index by substituting the Δy equation into the index, expanding the result into terms that are quadratic in uc, linear in uc, and constant, and then dropping the constant terms (since they won't effect uc). The QP solver is then finds a uc(n) that minimizes the performance index J, where J=�uc T *Qa*uc−f T *uc, where [0076] Qa=BaT*DyT*Q*Dy*Ba+R and [0077] f=BaT*DyT*Q*(v−Cy*Δx(n)−Dy*Ba*udi(n))+R*ub [0078] Qa and f are passed to the QP block. [0079] Quadratic Programming [0080] The performance index and inequality constraints specify a constrained optimization problem which is then solved by the Quadratic Programming Block 54 to determine the actuator commands, uc. These are the ultimate output of this invention. The control problem setup was intentionally restricted to linear state variable model, linear inequality constraints, and quadratic performance index in order to specify a strictly convex quadratic programming problem, which is a special type of constrained optimization. All constrained optimization algorithms for practical problems involve a search for the optimal. In strictly convex quadratic programming the search has good properties for realtime control. First, it is relatively reliable. A globally optimal solution exists, it is unique, and there are no local optima to trap the search. Also, each iteration of the iterative search procedure for the optimum only involves the solution of a linear matrix equation, for which the numerical properties (amount of computation, accuracy, sensitivity, and wordlength required) can be accurately analyzed with standard theory. [0081] In an alternate version of this invention, the QP block 54 also produces a signal that indicates constraints are on their limits. This is sent to the DMF module. [0082] Any quadratic programming solver, modified for realtime operation, might be used with this invention. A copending application entitled �Real-Time Quadratic Programming for Control of Dynamical Systems,� filed on the same date and having the same inventors as this patent application and having SER. No. ______ describes a QP solver with particularly good realtime properties and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. [0083] Dynamic Feedforward (DFF) to the system, they nominally transform it into p uncoupled integrators. That is there are p inputs, in the �v� vector, each input affects only one of the variables to be controlled, and the responses are an integral in time of the inputs. The combined DI+system nominally has the response [0084]y(n+1)=y(n)+v, [0085] where v is determined by the DFF 40 and DMF 42 modules. [0086] The DFF module 40 determines the dynamics of the nominal response of the controlled system to commands. The input to DFF 40 is yc, a vector of commanded values for y, the variables under control. The designer then translates various requirements for the response of system to these commands into the form of a difference equation Δxd(n)=Ad*xd(n)+Bd*yc(n) and yd(n+1)=Cd*xd(n)+Dd*yc(n) [0087] where yd is a vector of the desired responses of the system. Typically, the matrices Ad, Bd, Cd, and Dd are selected so that each yc only affects one yd. Those skilled in control theory have a variety of methods for specifying dynamic responses and for forming this difference equation. [0088] The output of DFF 40 at time n is yd(n) and the vector vff(n), where vff(n)=yd(n+1)−yd(n). [0089] This is the feedforward component of the v command. [0090] The design of dynamic feedforward logic is often too difficult to be practical. One of the virtues of this invention is that it makes dynamic feedforward easy. [0091] Dynamic Model Following (DMF) [0092] The Dynamic Model Follower 42 module is standard feedback control logic. It forms an error signal, which is the difference between the desired response, yd, and the measured response y, and performs computations to produce the feedback component, vfb, of the command v. The feedback is designed to reduce the size of the error signal. Errors can come about due to variations between the model and real system. Because of the action of dynamic inversion, the system appears as p uncoupled integrators. Those skilled in control theory can readily design this feedback logic. [0093] Feedback designers often include a signal that is the integration of the model following error. In these cases, the signal �Active constraints� from the QP block 54 can be used to disable one or more of these integrators as limits are reached. This is generally done, when reaching a certain set of limits implies that not all goals can be reached. Disabling an integrator is an effective means for giving that signal a lower priority. [0094] All the weights, partitioning of the actuators, limits, and model terms can change each control iteration. This allows control of a nonlinear system with sequence of locally linearized models, and it provides great flexibility for the controller to accommodate changing goals and priorities, addition and removal of actuators, etc. [0095] The memory 24 stores a computer program which when executed by the computer 22 performs the steps described above. The memory 24 may comprise electronic memory such as RAM; CD, DVD or other optical media; hard drive, floppy disks or other magnetic media; or any known computer-readable medium or combinations thereof. [0096] In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes and jurisprudence, exemplary configurations described above are considered to represent a preferred embodiment of the invention. However, it should be noted that the invention can be practiced otherwise than as specifically illustrated and described without departing from its spirit or scope. Alphanumeric identifiers for steps in the method claims are for ease of reference by dependent claims, and do not indicate a required sequence, unless otherwise indicated. Referenced by
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Ages 14 -80
Fathers, bring your sons! This event is sponsored by "A Few Good Men." We want to bring men from local churches together. The theme for the weekend is "Courage". "Courage: as leaders in our family, leaders in our church and leaders as patriots in our community."
Activities include: FOOD!!, Campfire, Trail Ride or Paintball, Rifles, Skeet, Pistol Training.....It will be a BLAST!!!
Please remember to complete a Smart Waiver for each attendee. The link to those forms are found on the Summer Camps page.


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Milly Fall 2012 Beauty Look: Hair, Makeup, Nails
Yes, You Can Match Your Eye Shadow to Your Nails
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Yes, You Can Match Your Eye Shadow to Your Nails
We saw both gold and burgundy eyes and nails at Badgley Mischka this Fashion Week, and now another designer has successfully pulled off a nails-and-eyes matchup. At Milly's Fall 2012 show, models walked the runway with smoldering blue-toned eye makeup paired with deep navy polish. It was a colorfully cosmopolitan creation that's just begging to be tried.
Photo courtesy CND
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text: "The function of the true state is to impose the minimum restrictions and safeguard the maximum liberties of the people, and it never regards the person as a thing." -- Kant"The more corrupt the State the more numerous the laws." -- Tacitus"Ninety eight percent of the adults in this country are decent, hardworking, honest Americans. It's the other lousy two percent that get all the publicity. But then, we elected them." -- Lily TomlinLots of upset people out there, today. I can … [Read more...]


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Cle de Peau Concealer
414 reviews
76% would repurchase
Package Quality: 4.3
Price: $$$$
Package Quality: 4.3
Price: $$$$
titanium dioxide, hydrogenated polydecene, cyclomethicone, mica, kaolin, CI 77492, diphenylsiloxy phenyl trimethicone, paraffin, sodium magnesium silicate, CI 77491, polyethylene, sorbitan sesquiisostearate, glycerin, barium sulfate, copernicia cerifera (carnauba) wax, microcrystalline wax (cera microcristallina), peg-10 dimethicone, phytosteryl macadamiate, ci 77499, water, synthetic fluorphlogopite, butylene glycol, polysilicone-5, tocopheryl, fragrance, tocopheryl acetate, aluminium hydroxide, alcohol, aluminium distearate, dimethicone, triethoxysilyethyl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, rosa roxburghii fruit extract, sodium acetylated hyaluronate, camellia sinensis leaf extract, prunus speciosa leaf extract,Age: 30-35
Skin: Very Dry, Tan, Neutral
Hair: Black, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I remember when my favourite Holt SA called me as soon as they had Honey stocked, and when I came in I was doubtful it would match my skintone. Although it's not a perfect match (I have to use Bobbi Brown's corrector first) the texture and pigmentation of the two combined is just perfect. Since there is no SPF, it's also ideal for photoshoots.
Age: 44-55
Skin: Very Oily, Fair, Cool
Hair: Red, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Green
Love, love, love this highly pigmented concealer!
I have a problem with my oily skin with anything staying put more than a couple of hours and this has clung to blemishes like glue. I use it sparingly under my eyes and it stays all day (I just use it in area closest to my nose don't go fully beneath my eyes).
I am extremely fair and the ivory blends in seamlessly. I was a little concerned based on some of the comments that I would have a problem as I typically can't find foundations that match, and always have problems with foundations and powders showing up as yellow on my skin but this blends right in flawlessly. I typically dab the stick on whatever I'm trying to cover, let it sit 30 seconds to a minute and then blend in with my fingers and set with Tarte Amazonian Clay powder.
Now to try the foundation!
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Fair-Medium, Warm
Hair: Black, Straight, Fine
Eyes: Brown
I bought this in Japan in 2006, and have finally hit the bottom of the tube in 2011, so the price per wear ratio has been exceptionally good. I tend to only use it on spots and discoloration, by tapping it on with a finger. It looks like skin, but the staying power isn't great, although I am a bit oily skinned -- there's a bit too much slip. In comparison with the Laura Mercier secret camoflauge, this one has a lot more slip. I do feel like it looks much more natural and is quite a lot easier to work with than the LM concealer.
Age: 44-55
Skin: Normal, Other, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I've had several go-to concealers over the years and this is my favorite for the last several years. I like the slip of it as I apply it (I pat it on or use a brush to apply the color and then pat), I like the color, and I love the coverage. On me it doesn't settle into wrinkles and I DO use powder on top of it. For me it's entirely worth the price. I have bought a dozen more reasonably priced concealers that I've had to throw away because either the consistency, color, or coverage weren't good. I highly recommend this product. If you want, you can always have a rep apply it and see how it wears for a day before purchasing it....
Age: 25-29
Skin: Combination, Olive, Not Sure
Hair: Brunette, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I LOVE LOVE LOVE This product!!! Although it costs me nearly £100 as I cannot get it in the UK, shipping, custom charges nearly doubles the amount! At first I was not 100% sure about this product yes it creased it went cakey I was really disappointed, however after some research I figured out how to use it, using the same method as Kim K, it really did work well I have dark undereye circles well they are worse and sometimes not so bad but it is one of my most paranoid problem areas, I recommend this product but know how to use is, I used ochre btw. :)
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Warm
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Hazel
I bought the Cle de Peau concealer in light. Fabulous consistency and coverage. But I am just too fair for this! Ladies NW/ NC25 and darker can use this, but no lighter than that. Terribly disappointed that they don't have a lighter shade to match me, because it was fabulous.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Combination, Fair, Neutral
Hair: Brown, Straight, Medium
Eyes: Brown
This is my favorite concealer of all time. It does an amazing job at hiding all of your imperfections! The only downside is it's price but i have to say that it will last you a very long time so i guess the price isn't too bad, considering that. I'd say each stick will last you about 7-8 months are so. I'm already on my second stick. This is my HG for sure!
Age: 30-35
Skin: Normal, Tan, Not Sure
Hair: Black, Other, Other
Eyes: Brown
I agree with VegasDiamond below...this stuff is just OK. I expected it to be my HG...I also bought it in Ochre...the coverage is caky..and yet it doesn't fully even cover (if that makes sense)...I just felt like it sat on top of my underyeye circles...and gave a whitish cast to my eye area...i just dont get why this stuff has so many good reviews/celebrity endorsements..maybe it's better for heavy makeup girls..which is not me...
I just got turned onto the EL Double Wear concealer..and LOVE it..it covers and yet is so natural looking that i dont even need a foundation to cover over it to blend in.....and it's $20! Keep it coming EL..love.
Age: 19-24
Skin: Dry, Tan, Warm
Hair: Brown, Curly, Medium
Eyes: Brown
I purchased this concealer in "Ochre." This shade was a great match for me. I have very dark under eye circles that are hereditary and I only use concealer on this part of my face. I gave it 2 stars cause it is creamy and feels light weight on the skin. I even forgot I had it on through out the day even tho the coverage remained the same. It's also easy to apply after you warm it up with your fingers. Unfortunately this creases with our without powder. I have this problem with just about every cream concealer I try, tho. I don't know why since I'm only 23 and don't have extensive wrinkles. I just have a few natural creases right beneath my eyes which I've had since forever. And my skin isn't dry underneath my eyes. For $70 before tax, I would think this would blow all the others out of the water, but my EL Double Wear Concealer is by far the best concealer I've ever found. I've tried so many and this one barely creases and when it does, it's SO minimal, it's blends like a dream w/my MAC #130 brush, it gives amazing coverage, and it looks sooooo natural. I looooove it! Oh, and it's only about $20. Love it
Age: 36-43
Skin: Sensitive, Fair, Not Sure
Hair: Brown, Other, Other
Eyes: Green
Brilliant concealer - but you need to apply it correctly. Recommend warming the product with finger in tube then swipe under eye. No powder required on top - but you could use BE Well rested or Powderflage if you really want to. If this is just too pricy for you, try the Hourglass concealer instead, and it is a little softer to use. I love this though.
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Anyone get any awesome gifts for Christmas?
I got a case for my phone that connects to the stem of my bike, a heart rate monitor, and a new cassette for my bike. All just in time for the new training season.
Any great gifts, pics would be nice.
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WOSU-TV's Columbus Neighborhoods Series Profiles Bexley
WOSU-TV presents the tenth installment of the Columbus Neighborhoods series. This latest documentary profiles the city of Bexley.
Developers who plan to put a racetrack in the old Cooper Stadium face another delay in the process. WOSU reports the temporary holdup should not impede the project.
The proposal to turn the old Cooper Stadium baseball stadium into a racetrack and automotive center has taken another step forward.
Columbus city council president Andrew Ginther is throwing his weight behind a proposal to redevelop Cooper Stadium into a racetrack.
Developers who hope to turn the old Cooper Stadium into a racetrack get more time to finalize the last pieces of the project.
The Columbus Development Commission voted last night to recommend rezoning the land where the vacant Cooper Stadium sits for a racetrack. But the decision did not come without much debate.
West side businesses are stepping up a campaign to build a stock car race track at the spot where baseball players once ran the bases. Local developers want to turn the empty Cooper Stadium into a race track. The businesses say it's just what the struggling west-side needs.
The Ohio Supreme Court tried to zero in on legal questions as lawyers debated whether Ohio voters should have a chance to overturn newly authorized racetrack slots.


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Around the Web
this is a decent pic of her. she's entertaining, that's for sure. but, i don't think she's pretty at all, kinda ugly actually. the fake stuff doesn't bother me so much (hair, eyelashes, contacts, etc, etc). if that's how she makes her money. whatever. women through the ages have made money in worse ways. at least she's a whore with celebrity status. proof positive that men will %$$##*( anything
Shut the fuck up u dont know what you are talking about jenn u are clearly a hater tiffany pollard is so fuckin fine as hell i will totally fuck the shit out of her nonstop sex 24/7
this the most beautiful woman that i have ever seen
I like it but I three words from tiffany hideoue girl plez
She looks okay in this one. I guess she didn't do her makeup this time.
to la admiro es una artista fuera de serie quisiera tener oportunidad de saludarla
Mmmmmmmmm not too bad considering the ones I have seen so far.
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I think love can work on television, in the laundromat, anywhere.
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People get hooked. They want to see what's going to happen, who's going home. With some of the shows, you get to see people open up and be themselves.
Tiffany Pollard [on reality shows]
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recipe reviews for:
"Long-grain rice and orzo are simmered in chicken broth with hazelnuts and mushrooms and seasoned with parsley and marjoram."
Cooking Level: Intermediate
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The most-tender new vegetables are here just in time for early spring salads!
Creamy, comforting potato soups will warm you up.
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Orzo pasta and rice are cooked with butter, onion, garlic, and broth.
Never make sticky, mushy rice again!
See how to make steamed rice with fresh boy choy.


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Tablet Cases
Protect your iPad with an impact resistant hard shell case featuring an extremely slim profile.
facebook the sleeping baby, imagine when the baby awakes and becomes a toddler then a teenager, a young adult and the an adult. time will reveal all.
a baby sleeping. a dolls face with its eyes closed and an old vintage leather bound book.
unexpected and quietly mysterious.
hii Vin, it was terrific!! I will try at some point to upload some of my fave pictures, I just love India, so special.
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UL Football – Expectations…and Lots of Questions – From the Bird's Nest
Can the Cajuns live up to the hopes of the fan base?
Can the Cajuns live up to the hopes of the fan base?
Buy tickets HERE!
Before Ronnie Dunn steps on stage at Toby Keith's Oklahoma Twister Relief Concert this weekend, he wanted to spend some time with Oklahomans who have been impacted by the recent devastating tornado. On the Fourth of July, the star singer spent some time visiting with residents in Shawnee, Okla., even lending a hand wherever possible.
Who knew you could sell out the same show twice? After a first round of Oklahoma Twister Relief concert tickets disappeared in one hour, Toby Keith has done it again.
The year was 1959, you might remember John Anderson sang a song about that year. This story has nothing to do with Chicken Trucks, Swingin', or even a Mississippi Moon, it's about the group Restless Heart.
This day in 1959 Restless Heart lead singer Larry Stewar
As we get you ready for tonight's edition of the Classic Country Saturday Night Show, let's take a look back into country music history.
If someone were to ask you to name a professional wrestler, you would probably immediately think of Hulk Hogan, Ric Flair, "Stone Cold" Steve Austin, or the Rock. These men's characters, or gimmicks, have outlived their careers and are still cash cows for WWE
A new version of the John Anderson classic 'Swingin'' appears in the upcoming movie 'Super Zeroes.' The legendary country singer re-cut the song with Colt Ford and created a song that truly blends the two singer's unique styles. During an interview shared exclusively with Taste of Country, Ford and Anderson explain the history of the song and the new recording.
Kenny Chesney appeared on CNN's "Anderson Cooper 360" on a special episode entitled "United in Newtown," reflecting on the one-month anniversary of the shooting.
Even though this song was released before my time, I can still remind you how popular it was. "Swingin'" is American country music singer John Anderson's rockin' hit. It was released January 10, 1983 and spent a week at the top of the Hot Country Songs charts, and has been performed by a couple, popular Country music stars including Chris Young. What a fun song to do the two step to on a poppin' Saturday night!


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In Conversation: Modern African American Art
Sat, Jun 1 - Mon, Sep 2, 2013
Times: 10am to 5pm Daily
Venue: Peabody Essex Museum
East India Square, Salem, MA 01970
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Created at significant social and political moments in America, this premier collection of paintings, photographs and sculpture by 43 prominent African American artists presents conversations about art, identity and the rights of the individual. The artworks reflect an America that celebrates the multi-faceted nature of society. The exhibition is organized by the Smithsonian American Art Museum.
March Lodging Deals, Special Offerings & Packages
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Asparagus Pie is a very simple food to have to every person of every age it is a very taste and healthy food to have.
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kozhi Thoran is a very tasty recipes of kerala to have. It can be prepared very easily and delicious to have.
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Mathi Curry is one of the kerala's finest curries that we can have in a delicious way.
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Wenzel® Beachcomber Mesh Backpack
Item # WX2-217753
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This item is shipped directly from the factory. To see the expected shipping date, please add to your Shopping Cart. Sorry, no express shipping available. We are unable to ship factory direct items to Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico or APO or FPO addresses.
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Life's a beach. Better get this Wenzel® Beachcomber Mesh Backpack.
A simple grab-and-go day pack for adventures of the wet and wild kind... the Beachcomber has a super-breathable mesh body that allows swimsuits, towels and more to get some air!
- Measures 18 x 12 1 / 2 x 7"d., 1,800 cu. in. of space total
- Ventilated mesh body is designed to ventilate the main compartment after using wet towels, swimwear, etc., to reduce mildew
- Padded, quilted back panel
- Roomy main compartment with shoe pockets
- Water-resistant vinyl bottom keeps excess moisture from leaking out onto your car's seats, etc.
- Zippered storage pouch in main compartment includes key fob
- MP3 player pocket with easy-access port.
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282 Modern Wine Glasses
No home bar or bar cart can ever be fully stocked without a good wine glass selection. Wine and beer are often the beverage of choice, so wine glasses and beer glasses should be your first barware purchase. If you have the staples and are looking to expand your collection, cocktail glasses, highball glasses and old-fashioned glasses are a popular next step. For those special occasion drinks, be sure to have margarita glasses, martini glasses and champagne glasses on hand as well. More
Ice Vino 2 Go, Pink
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text:
Suitable for anyone over 13 years old.
May contain
- Frequent and/or intense occurrences of fantasy violence or infrequent and mild occurrences of realistic violence
- Frequent bathroom humor
- Infrequent or mild bad language
- Scary or horror elements
- Non-erotic nudity
- Advertising or purchasing options
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Use the Nokia phone selector.
Puzzled? FREE
by: Maturus Mobile
Puzzle - 0.27 MB
Uncover buried treasure in this fiendishly addictive puzzler. No time-limits and no fast reactions needed, just classic brain-teasing fun. With over 250 levels and a multitude of block types to unlock, 'Puzzled?' will keep you busy for quite some time! Winner of a pocket-gamer award - and it's FREE!
by Anonymous on a Nokia C5-03 August 23, 2014nice
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instalation problems
by Anonymous on a Nokia E5-00 July 22, 2014i would like to know why i cant download this game, i mean i can download it but after when it should be instaled seys instalation failed ... Why ...???
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by Anonymous on a Nokia C7 Astound April 28, 2014Do not get this app does not work at all
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by vro_2911 on a Nokia 5530 XpressMusic April 8, 2014x ke no lo puedo dskrgar
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