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Vincent Varallo, "ASP.NET 3.5 Enterprise Application Development with Visual Studio 2008: Problem Design Solution"
John Wiley & Sons | ISBN: 0470396865 | 26 Jan 2009 | 504 pages | PDF | 6.5 Mb
This book provides a step–by–step guide for developing an ASP.NET 3.5 application using the latest features in Visual Studio 2008. The Problem Design Solution series by Wrox is unique because it describes a large case study and builds an entire solution chapter by chapter for each incremental step. This book uses a wide variety of new features in Visual Studio 2008, explains each in detail, and produces a solution that you can use as a starting point for your own applications.
If you are responsible for designing or developing enterprise–wide applications, departmental applications, portals, or any line of business application, then this book is for you. Many applications have a similar set of features, and this book builds an application with some of the most common features of enterprise applications. Let's face it: Every application has the same general set of features, but implemented in a different way. A database sits in the back end and you, as the developer, are responsible for enabling users to add, update, select, and delete records. If only it were that simple, no?
Performance Tuning and Optimizing ASP.NET Applications
Apress; 1 edition | 1590590724 | 392 pages | March 19, 2003 | CHM | 5 Mb
Publisher: Apress | ISBN: 1590590031 | edition 2002 | PDF | 555 pages | 2,35 mb
XML Programming: Web Applications and Web Services with JSP and ASP provides a fast-moving introduction to the XML family of technologies for programmers. Although written with a focus upon JSP- and ASP-based XML solutions, the book presents the material from a language-independent point of view that benefits all developers, whatever their language. The code is written to be readable by all.
Professional ASP.NET 3.5: In C# and VB (Programmer to Programmer)
By Bill Evjen, Scott Hanselman, Devin Rader
Publisher: Wrox
Number Of Pages: 1704
Publication Date: 2008-03-04
Binding: Paperback
Product Description:
Building on the revolutionary ASP.NET 2.0 release, ASP.NET 3.5 adds several key new developer features including AJAX, LINQ, and a new CSS designer in Visual Web Developer 2008. The dramatic reduction in code that developers realized from the more than 50 new server controls in ASP.NET 2.0 now allows developers the time to make their applications more interactive with AJAX, to work with data in their preferred language with LINQ, and to build visually attractive and consistent standards-based sites with CSS.
Publisher: Wrox
Year: Mar 2006
Language: English
File type: PDF
Pages: 542
Size (for download): 5.97 MB
This book is ideal for any programmer with .NET experience to learn the new technology. Anyone who has experimented with .NET 1.1 or implemented full-scale solutions for their employers would be a perfect candidate to easily absorb all of the materials within this book. You should have some general understanding of how a basic database works, with experience in developing software to access a database object such as a stored procedure.
The book contains a dozen projects you can use right off the disk with minimal setup needed. Each project has step-by-step instructions on installing the source code to your local machine. The goal of the chapter and accompanying project code is to enable you to understand and quickly modify the project to enhance its capabilities or to learn how to implement some of the features it uses within different situations. Through the repeated studying of simple project walkthroughs and hands-on experimentation, you learn more about the design and creation of full projects in the 2.0 version of ASP.NET. The book references some of the advancements since the older version 1.1, but not to any level of detail. Most of the logic and material is gauged toward explaining the deeper concepts within the 2.0 version in its entirety.
This book is designed in similar fashion to other Wrox Press Instant Results titles, in that it serves as more of a reference manual of usable and instructional source projects, as compared to a traditional end-to-end book. This is because most programmers do not need to absorb all of the available information on a particular subject in a traditional fashion. Many times, programmers are looking to find the answers within the code, and then read content or material on it as an afterthought. This book aims to satisfy this tendency, but not at the expense of providing quality information and useful instruction at the same time. Thus, the topics and concepts that must be learned are taught from basic to advanced forms, across all of the 12 projects, with overlapping tools and features to drive home the concepts.
Chapter 01 - The Online Diary and Organizer
Chapter 02 - Wrox File Share
Chapter 03 - Wrox Chat Server
Chapter 04 - Wrox Survey Engine
Chapter 05 - Wrox CMS
Chapter 06 - Wrox Blog
Chapter 07 - Wrox Photo Album
Chapter 08 - Customer Support Site
Chapter 09 - Wrox WebShop
Chapter 10 - Appointment Booking System
Chapter 11 - Greeting Cards
Chapter 12 - The Bug Base
By Shahram Khosravi
Publisher: Wrox
Number Of Pages: 1560
Publication Date: 2007-09-24
Binding: Paperback
Book Description:
Ajax is one of the hottest changes in Web development methods in years; Microsoft's ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX (formerly known as "Atlas") provides Ajax add-ins for ASP.NET developers, and this comprehensive Wrox reference offers coverage of all the ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX pieces
Readers will find the hands-on, code-based technical discussions they need on ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX client-side Framework, writing OO-style JavaScript code, using ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX client-side controls, ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX XML, and advanced ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX topics including how ASP.NET 2.0 AJAX uses the ASP.NET 2.0 server control architecture
ASP.NET developers will learn to add Ajax techniques into the ASP.NET applications by prebuilding some of the underlying components and using a standardized tool-set
Product Description
The Comprehensive Guide to ASP.NET 2.0 for Experienced Developers
ASP.NET 2.0 represents a true breakthrough in Web development technology and delivers unprecedented power, flexibility, and efficiency. If you're an experienced programmer who wants to build production-quality Web applications and services with ASP.NET 2.0, this book is the deepest, most practical tutorial you can find.
Randy Connolly introduces today's best practices for every facet of ASP.NET 2.0 development. He illuminates ASP.NET 2.0 Web server control architecture, sophisticated user interface capabilities, and navigation controls. He presents systematic, practical coverage of ASP.NET 2.0 data integration, state management, personalization, and more.
As with all books in the Prentice Hall Core Series, Core Internet Application Development with ASP.NET 2.0 focuses on solving serious problems with professional-quality code. With practical insights into everything from data binding to security, this is the ASP.NET 2.0 book you've been searching for: a definitive guide to building industrial-strength Web solutions.
This Book Delivers
lesson, you'll be introduced to E-Commerce and Active
Server Pages programming. You'll learn about three different
models of E-Commerce. You'll also be given an overview of
the Microsoft technologies for creating commercial Web sites.
The next three lessons, Days 2 through 4, provide you with a
crash course in Active Server Pages programming as it relates
to creating commercial Web sites. You'll learn how to write
Active Server Pages scripts that retrieve customer information.
You'll also learn how to track customer information by
using cookies and Session variables. Finally, you'll learn how
to work with files in an Active Server Page.
On Day 5, you'll begin building your online store. First,
you'll learn how to create Active Server Pages to manage
your catalog of products. Next, on Day 6, you'll create the
product pages for your store. Finally, in the lesson on Day 7,
you'll learn some techniques for enabling customers to search
through your product catalog.
By the end of the week, you'll be ready to place your catalog
of products on the Web.


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Companies in Northwest Territories
Employees number: 11-100 ×
Industry: Printing ×
Location: Canada ×
Location: Northwest Territories ×
Myron L Company
based in Carlsbad, CALIFORNIA (USA)
Myron L Company manufactures cost-effective high performance tools for solution control and water quality analysis, as well as calibration solutions, accessories and kits that keep instrumentation operating at peak performance in diverse applications. Our current product line includes handheld instruments, inline monitor/controllers and field test kits that measure ...
Valvan Baling Systems NV
based in Menen, BELGIUM
Valvan Baling Systems is an engineering company that specializes in the design and construction of hydraulic baling presses and accessories. Our biggest target sector is the recycling industry. Our product range of baling presses is suitable for processing natural and synthetic fibers, RDF, paper, cardboard, plastics, municipal solid waste, second hand clothing, We are ...
Anguil Environmental Systems, Inc.
based in Milwaukee, WISCONSIN (USA)
Anguil Environmental Systems is a global provider of industrial air pollution control, emission abatement and energy recovery systems. We design, manufacturer, service and install thermal and catalytic oxidation technologies as well as heat recovery systems for a variety of applications and industries.
Warden Biomedia
based in Luton, UNITED KINGDOM
At Warden Biomedia, we design, manufacture and supply Random Biological Filter Media to improve aerobic treatment across the full range of applications – from the largest municipal sewage treatment plant down to a garden fishpond. With the philosophy of increased surface area, the eco-friendly trickling filter and biological filter media are injection-moulded in recycled ...
Honeycombs Ceramics BV
based in Sassenheim, NETHERLANDS
Honeycombs Ceramics B.V. is established in Europe and China. This global connection makes us unique, it takes one contact to make RTO business a low-cost and durable business. Our lines are short, we are always available, and both countries have sales offices and warehousing. Core feature: Efficiency. The way you do business with RTO providers can be converted to a more ...
based in Boynton Beach, FLORIDA (USA)
HGI Industries' has created cutting edge ultra violet hydroxyl generating technology which has been at the forefront of high volume odor processing,air-decontamination and air-purification for the past decade.HGI's patented technology is the world's ONLY scientifically proven non-contained Hydroxyl Generator. This non-chemical device provides an environmentally safe ...
Quatro Air Technologies Inc.
based in Pointe Claire, QUEBEC (CANADA)
Since 1990 Quatro Air Technologies researched, designed and manufactured high efficiency, portable and integrated air management solutions for residential, commercial and industrial applications. Our lineup includes: air purifiers, dust collectors, fume extractors, source capture solutions, ductless fume hoods , HEPA hoods, laminar flow hoods. Applications: ...
SpillFix Organic Absorbent | American Green Ventures (US) Inc.
based in Cary, NORTH CAROLINA (USA)
American Green Ventures (US) Inc. is proud to introduce across the United States, the revolutionary SpillFix – Industrial Organic Absorbent for hazardous liquid spills.
Teledyne Tekmar
based in Mason, OHIO (USA)
Teledyne Tekmar is the leader in analytical instrumentation for the laboratory. Our world-renown Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) products include systems for Gas Chromatography Sample Introduction, High-Throughput Purge and Trap sample concentration, Static and Dynamic Headspace analysis, and Sample Automation. Our Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN) ...
Sweed Machinery, Inc.
based in Gold Hill, OREGON (USA)
Sweed's recycling division is well established as the authority in a rapidly developing industry- repeatedly bringing innovative and practical solutions for scrap management and processing. Sweed's scrap choppers can be customized for most applications, and engineers work closely with customers to ensure scrap material is processed to the necessary requirements. Sweed ...

subset: commoncrawl


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greatlakes4x4.com is the premier Great Lakes 4x4 Forum on the internet. Registered Users do not see the above ads.
Thread Tools | Search this Thread |
November 17th, 2013, 12:13 PM | #1 |
YJ or CJ Hardtop and full doors. 450 or make offer!
Don't be afraid to make me an offer. Not a lot of trades but maybe yj or gun stuff.
Thanks! Not perfect but very useable. I uses them last year and they were great. Just not driving the jeep much this winter. I have keys for the doors, so you can lick up your stuff. Doors have some rust, and rust through in the window frame in the drivers door. Window frame is still solid though, doesn't wobble around. Tailgate is rough, but again, it works fine. Lifts work. Will separate. Call or preferably text at 24820275seven3 Make offer! Not real interested in trades but it never hurts to offer. Mostly yj stuff. Maybe gun stuff. http://detroit.craigslist.org/okl/pts/4197227072.html |
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A completely mobile workshop, we come to you. If you have a squeak, knock or tick, one of our service packages will sort it out. No job is too big or small, if you have a specific issue then just ask.
Flat Tyre
Basic Service
General Service
Deluxe service
We keep it simple: $15 call out fee up to 10km from Sydney CBD anything further we treat uniquely.
Time is money. Do you or your staff ride to work?
With a completely mobile workshop we come to your office and provide comprehensive servicing and safety checks. With package deals available, it couldn't be more efficient.
The most effective way to increase cycling at your work place or building. We have created a service package that caters to all cyclists from the daily commuter to regular road warrier.
Basic services are paid for by the building/company ( at as low as $40 a bicycle). Any further servicing or parts needed are available and paid for by the bicycle owner.
We facilitate a day for The Rolling Fix to come in and service bicycles at the cyclists expense. Prices are based on our website service packages.
Cameron Harrison
Head Mechanic
Cameron has a passion for riding his bike fast. His experience includes of a season on the National Road Series, as well as the UCI 2.2 tour of Ireland,and Noosa and NSW international criterium series. Using his engineering degree and mechanical experience to make your bike as smooth and efficient as possible is his specialty.
Thomas Treloar
Operations Director
It's not Thomas if you don't see him smiling around bikes. With a great understanding of digital, marketing and entertainment sectors he is an indispensable part of The Rolling Fix team. You'll feel like his best friend instantly as he wows you with his creative flair, impeccable manner and ninja-like organization skills.


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Visible Panty Lines! Patricia Arquette's Underwear Shows During Major Warbrobe Malfunction | 1241 pts |
A big swirling bucket of the latest rumors, celebrity news and Hollywood gossip. The premier celebrity gossip app.
Gossip Bucket aggregates and streams the latest gossip news and headlines from the top sources in one place.
Get the App |


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Flowing Into Grace Yoga Retreat
Reconnect + Restore + Thrive on the Island of the Gods.
International yogini Rachel Roberts known for her signature blend of Bhakti Ashtanga Yin yoga leads this week of self-exploration on the Island of the Gods. Take time to explore Bali, dive deep into the ancient practice of yoga, deepen your understanding of its healing benefits and immerse yourself in a way that will have lasting benefits.
Retreat includes 6 nights/7 days accommodation at Kumara Sakti, located in the private residence of the Prince of Ubud, healthy prana-filled meals, daily yoga meditation practices, island excursions that will show you both the culture and the beauty of Bali and spa treatments that will leave you in a state of pure bliss.
Your Retreat Leader
Rachel Roberts
Rachel leads weekly classes in Cincinnati, Ohio as well as international workshops and retreats on yoga and meditation. In 2010 Rachel opened The Yoga Bar in the heart of downtown Cincinnati to create a yogi community center in her hometown. Read more about Rachel
10 Seconds with Rachel
Q: Your top wellness tip?
A: Meditate. Even if it's just for ten connected breaths. Stop each day and ask your body, mind and spirit how you are doing. This simple technique of observing how you feel will lead you to make wiser emotional, spiritual... Continue reading
Retreat Inclusions
- 7 days/6 nights of comfortable accommodation
- Most meals (all healthy, locally sourced and delicious)
- Daily Yang morning practice and Ashtanga Vinyasa style
- Daily evening Yin Yoga/Restorative practices
- Silent day
- 2 spa treatments
- Yoga overlooking the sunrise behind Batur Volcano
- Visit of hot springs
- Day trip to the ocean and a Balinese temple
- Agnihotra fire ritual at sunrise
- Rice field walk and organic lunch
- Government tax and services
Retreat Price
The price is inclusive of everything described above.
Single | : US$ 2,250 |
Twin | : US$ 1,850 per person |
Special Offers
Early Arrival Package
Get more out of your early arrival by enjoying one of the best fine dining restaurants in Ubud and getting into your yoga practice. Our Early Arrival package is inclusive of
- one night accommodation
- Bridging Table dinner at bridges Bali (view menu )
- a morning yoga class
- morning breakfast
Single | Regular price: US$ 215 | Retreat guests only: US$ 125 Twin (per person) | Regular price: US$ 150 | Retreat guests only: US$ 95
Extend your stay with us...
Enjoy your privilege of being our retreat guest by booking an extra night at ONEWORLD retreats Kumara at the special price below. The price is inclusive of breakfast, tax and service and can be used to enjoy one night prior or after the retreat.
Single (per night) | Regular price: US$145 | Retreat guests only: US$ 95 Twin (per night) | Regular price: US$175 | Retreat guests only: US$ 115
ONEWORLD retreats at Kumara
The fourteen bedroom holistic retreat is located 1.5 km from the heart of Ubud in Bali. Bordered by a small creek to the west, the eco-friendly retreat is surrounded by jungle and rice fields. The retreat centre offers two swimming pools, dining room, spa and 125 square meter yoga studio open to nature.
Each room is air-conditioned, has its own terrace, mini-bar and bathroom. Comfortable yet unpretentious. For our guests' ultimate serenity, we welcome guests of a minimum age of 14 years.
A daily asana practice, grounded in the traditions of Ashtanga Vinyasa and Yin, will help to invigorate and reconnect you with your body.
Healthy, organic meals are provided, which are prepared by our well trained chefs. All dietary requirements are catered for.
Part of your journey is enjoying the luxury of our skilled therapists' hands.
Inclusive are a Relaxing Massage OR Facial treatment and a Balinese massage. Other treatments are available onsite, you may wish to view our spa menu.
Program Itinerary
Day 1 |
Check in from 2pm Late afternoon: Meditation and Retreat Debriefing Dinner |
Day 2 |
Yang morning practice and Ashtanga Vinyasa style Breakfast Walking the rice fields of Bali Organic lunch surrounded by rice fields Afternoon Yin Yoga/Restorative practice Dinner |
Day 3 |
Day of Silence Yang morning practice and Ashtanga Vinyasa style Breakfast Spa Treatment of the day You can choose between: Herbal Aromatic Facial - 1 hour OR Relaxing Massage - 1 hour 15 minutes Lunch Afternoon Yin Yoga/Restorative practice Dinner |
Day 4 |
Silence remains until breakfast
Departure for Gunung Batur
One of Bali's most spectacular volcano. Driving time +/- 45 minutes
Yoga program
With a splendid view of the sunrise behind the Volcano Batur
Breakfast and end of silence
Visit to hot springs Return to Ubud Lunch back at the resort Spa Treatment of the day Balinese Massage - 1 hour Afternoon Yin Yoga/Restorative practice Dinner |
Day 5 |
Yang morning practice and Ashtanga Vinyasa style
Breakfast Free time to explore (lunch exclusive) Dinner |
Day 6 |
Yang morning practice and Ashtanga Vinyasa style
Breakfast Day trip to the ocean and a Balinese temple
Afternoon Yin Yoga/Restorative practice
Sunset Cocktail Final Dinner |
Day 7 |
Agnihotra fire ritual at sunrise
Farewell Brunch End of retreat |
Discover more of Bali - Prior or after your retreat
You may wish to combine several journeys and explore other parts of our island.
Discover more of Bali while you are here!


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Welcome, Sign In
The Best New Beauty Products for February
Description:We are back with our favorite new beauty products for February. It's a new year and with it comes many new, exciting launches. We have wrinkle-fighters from Algenist and Orlane, makeup from Anastasia, CoverGirl and Estée Lauder, as well as some game-changing brushes from MAC. Watch now to see why we love each one of these products. (3:55)
Source: NewBeauty Live
Tags: algenist reviews , beauty product reviews , beauty tips , covergirl makeup review


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- Commentary: Walker's budget calls for schools to stop reporting sexual assaults
- Wallace hopes for redevelopment expansion
- Teravainen makes instant impact on return to 'Hawks
- Oregon mayor reacts to Exelon talk of closing nuclear plant
- GiGi's benefit for Down syndrome, March 21
- What's the future hold for Rose?
- 'Hogs keep pace in tight Midwest
- Qatar continues to confound
- Meet John Doe: Keep public notices in print
- Commentary: Rauner's minimum wage plan just more of the same from GOP
Owl Pellet Dissection Workshop offered June 13
Online Staff Report
SYCAMORE, Ill. — Looking for a unique night out? How about digging into an owl's diet? Midwest Museum of Natural History, 425 W. State St., Sycamore, Ill., as part of its Summer-Inside-Out series, is offering an Owl Pellet Dissection Workshop from 7 to 8 p.m., Thursday, June 13.
When an owl eats its prey, there are some parts it cannot digest, such as fur, bones and feathers. Instead, owls cough them up in compact pellets. By taking apart a pellet and reconstructing its contents, one can discover what the owl has been eating. Frogs, mice, birds? Who knows what lies inside your pellet! Each participant will get their own pellet to work on and find out "hoo" their owl was eating.
Owl Pellet Dissection Workshop is geared for ages 7 to adult. Class fee is $15 per dissector, and accompanying adults and siblings are $5. Mention this article for $2 off each person. Space is limited; call to register: (815) 895-9777. Visit mmnh.org.
Posted June 12, 2013


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March 4th, 2013 at 7:36 am
ION Television Unveils New Look and Multi-Tiered B2B Campaign Introducting the 'Ionthusiasts'
Beginning today, ION Television will launch a multi-tiered B2B campaign that introduces the "IONTHUSIASTS," announced Chris Addeo, VP, Marketing, ION Media
[Read-More]March 1st, 2013 at 9:29 am
Velocity Accelerates to Best Month Ever
Double Digit Growth In Key Demos Lead Network To Most Watched Month Ever in February
[Read-More]February 28th, 2013 at 11:56 am
Hockey Legend Guest Appears on 'Charlie Moore: No Offense'
Hockey Legend, Bobby Orr in a very unique and personal setting – fishing, golf and dinner!
[Read-More]February 28th, 2013 at 11:37 am
'This Week' Ranks as the #1 Public Affairs Program in Key Adult News Demo
Leads NBC's "Meet the Press" by 99,000 and CBS' "Face the Nation" by 46,000
[Read-More]February 28th, 2013 at 11:00 am
CBS News' 'Face The Nation With Bob Schieffer' is #1 Sunday Morning Public Affairs Show
CBS News' FACE THE NATION WITH BOB SCHIEFFER is the #1 Sunday morning public affairs show.
[Read-More]February 28th, 2013 at 10:40 am
'CBS Sunday Morning With Charles Osgood' Posts Its Best Viewers Delivery in a February Sweep Since 1994
In the February 2013 sweep, CBS SUNDAY MORNING averaged a 4.1/11 with 5.93m viewers
[Read-More]February 28th, 2013 at 10:03 am
'The Late Show With David Letterman' Places First for the Week in Adults 18-49, Adults 25-54 and Adults 18-34
In key demographics, LATE SHOW averaged 0.8/03 in adults 18-49, 1.1/04 in adults 25-54 and 0.5/02 in adults 18-34, all tied
[Read-More]February 28th, 2013 at 8:00 am
'CBS This Morning' Posts Significant Year-to-Year Gains in Adults 25-54
Also showed growth in women 25-54 and women 18-49


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byRob Wright on
8. VMware Adds Nicira For $1.2 Billion
VMware has made a number of acquisitions in recent years to fuel its growth, but none have been bigger than the $1.2 billion purchase of Nicira . VMware reportedly beat out Cisco for the SDN startup, which has built buzz this year after luring top executive talent from Cisco and Juniper Networks. The big question is, will the addition of Nicira bring VMware closer to OpenStack?
As solution providers position themselves for growth, the pressure is on vendors and distributors to meet their partners' needs. Here CRN presents the 2015 Channel Chiefs, our annual look at the executives responsible for running channels at today's IT vendors.
Here are 10 recent searches by CRN visitors.
Cloud 100


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Senna spectabilis
- 0 plantings
- 0 for swap
- 0 wanted
- 0 stashed
Cassia is part of the Senna genus and its scientific name is Senna spectabilis. The spectabilis part of this plant's botanical name means 'spectacular'.It grows mainly as a Perennial, so it will last at least up to several years in its native climate. Normally grows with a shrub-like habit. Try planting Cassia if you'd like to attract butterflies to your garden.
This plant info is provided by the myfolia gardener's wiki. All details about Cassia have been kindly provided by our members.
How to grow Cassia
See our list of companion Plants for Cassia to see which plants you should plant in close proximity to encourage growth.
Growing Cassia from seed
Transplanting Cassia
Common Cassia problems
These problems, diseases and pests are known to affect Cassia plants:
Cassia Etymology
Other names for Cassia
Casia amarilla
Senna spectabilis (DC.) Irwin & Barneby var. excelsa (Schrad.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby
Cassia care instructions
How long does Cassia take to grow?
Cassia Forums
No groups yet - why not start a new one?


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1310 Winesap Street
Almost all errands require a car.
Score Details
1310 Winesap Street has a Walk Score of 8 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
The closest school is Nelson Elementary School.
The closest coffee shop is Noah's Donut & Coffee Shop. Nearby restaurants include Sonic, SUBWAY® Restaurants and Haysville Fish Co.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 1310 Winesap Street.


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Recent Comments
- 1 week ago OMG WHAT DOES THIS MEAN? https://i.imgur.com/MFatedG.png
- 2 weeks ago I think the most natural way to say it would be "they've got" or "they have". Just "they've" is a bit awkward, but this is...
- 2 weeks ago What's "KNOX mode" in the notification drawer?
- 2 weeks ago Yeah, it was from Quickoffice.
- 2 weeks ago Awesome! Thanks so much!
- 2 weeks ago I currently have 25. I know a free account starts at 15. Is there any way to find out where I got the extra 10, or when it...
- 1 month ago Yeah, because TracFone is OBVIOUSLY the biggest offender... /s
- 4 months ago Lol I noticed the same thing...
- 4 months ago Nailed it.
- 5 months ago What about cocoanotes?
- 5 months ago I cannote wait either!
- 5 months ago "especially now with Apple going after the larger screen market" And with Apple going after the bent screen market...
- 5 months ago He's the "GOLD STANDARD"
- 6 months ago This! But seriously, these new comments look nice.
- 8 months ago I'm deciding between the same two phones, same reasoning and everything. I think I'm going to go for the G3. I have a...
- Member for
- 2 years 1 month


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One-Year Data Show Golimumab Improved Signs and Symptoms In Patients With Psoriatic Arthritis In Phase 3 Study
SAN FRANCISCO, Oct. 27 /PRNewswire/ — More than half of patients receiving every four week subcutaneous injections of golimumab (CNTO 148) 50 mg and 100 mg, an investigational therapy, experienced sustained improvements in the joint and skin symptoms of active psoriatic arthritis through six months with results sustained through one year. Golimumab-treated patients also experienced improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in the placebo-controlled portion of the study (through week 24) along with the substantial improvements in physical function and arthritis and psoriasis components of the disease. These findings were presented at the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) annual meeting.
"These results demonstrate long-term efficacy of every four week dosing with golimumab in improving physical symptoms and functional ability as well as improving quality of life," said Arthur Kavanaugh, M.D., Professor of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, and lead study investigator. "The sustained effects of golimumab as demonstrated in these study findings are encouraging for both the physicians treating this condition and for the many patients living with this potentially debilitating disease."
In the study, Golimumab – A Randomized Evaluation of Safety and Efficacy in Subjects with Psoriatic Arthritis Using a Human Anti-TNF Monoclonal Antibody (GO-REVEAL), 52 percent and 61 percent of patients receiving golimumab 50 mg and 100 mg, respectively, achieved at least 20 percent improvement in arthritis signs and symptoms as measured by American College of Rheumatology (ACR 20) response compared with 12 percent of patients receiving placebo (P
The majority of patients treated with golimumab every four weeks experienced improvements in disease activity as measured by good or moderate Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS 28) response. At week 24, 64 percent and 78 percent of patients receiving golimumab 50 mg and 100 mg, respectively, were DAS 28 responders, compared with 24 percent of patients receiving placebo (P
Golimumab-treated patients also experienced substantial and sustained improvements in psoriatic skin disease through one year. Patients with greater than 3 percent Body Surface Area (BSA) psoriasis skin involvement at baseline were evaluated for Psoriatic Area and Severity Index (PASI) responses. At week 24, 56 percent of patients treated with golimumab 50 mg and 66 percent of patients treated with golimumab 100 mg achieved at least 75 percent improvement in PASI (PASI 75), compared with 1.4 percent of patients receiving placebo (P
Improvements in Physical Function and Health-Related Quality of Life
In addition to improvements in signs and symptoms of psoriatic arthritis, patients receiving every four week dosing with golimumab also experienced clinically meaningful (increase of at least 0.3) improvement in physical function, as measured by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ). HAQ assesses the degree of difficulty a patient has in accomplishing tasks in eight functional areas (dressing, arising, eating, walking, hygiene, reaching, gripping and other activities of daily living.) At week 24, patients treated with golimumab 50 mg and 100 mg had a mean improvement of 0.33 and 0.39 score, respectively, as compared to placebo patients worsening by a mean of 0.01 score (P
"These findings show golimumab to be promising in improving multiple aspects of psoriatic arthritis, including key areas such as physical function and productivity," said Philip Mease, M.D., Seattle Rheumatology Associates, and Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, and lead study investigator. "The results demonstrate that the effectiveness of golimumab extends beyond the categories of signs and symptoms and improved the lives of patients and those who care for them as measured through this analysis."
Patients in both golimumab groups experienced improvements in HRQOL as measured by the Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores of the Short form (SF)-36 questionnaire. SF-36 assesses well- being in patients along eight domains of health status, including physical functioning, pain, vitality, social functioning, psychological functioning, general health perceptions, and role limitations due to physical and emotional problems.
At week 14, patients receiving golimumab 50 mg and 100 mg achieved a mean change of 6.53 and 7.85 scores, respectively, in PCS compared with a mean change of 0.63 among patients receiving placebo (P
Self-reported productivity was measured on a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), a tool used to assess the patients' daily productivity at work, school or home. Patients receiving golimumab 50 mg and 100 mg experienced improvements in self-reported productivity, both at 16 and 24 weeks, while patients receiving placebo reported no change in their productivity at 16 weeks and a decrease in productivity at 24 weeks. Additionally, caregivers of golimumab-treated patients experienced a reduction of time lost from work through week 24, compared with caregivers of patients treated with placebo.
Nail, Enthesitis and Dactylitis Response
In patients with nail involvement or enthesitis at baseline, both golimumab treatment groups experienced improvements in psoriatic nail changes and enthesitis, as measured by the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and the psoriatic arthritis-modified Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score (MASES), respectively. In patients with dactylitis at baseline, both golimumab dose groups also experienced improvements in dactylitis, though the changes were not statistically significant with the 50 mg dose. Enthesitis, an inflammation of a tendon, ligament or joint capsule insertion to the bone, and dactylitis, a swelling of digits in the hands or feet, are estimated to affect more than one-third of people with psoriatic arthritis.
The Biologics License Application (BLA) and Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) for golimumab were submitted earlier in the year and are currently under review by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMEA), respectively. The filings are based on the extensive clinical development program for golimumab, including data from five pivotal Phase 3 trials in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis.
About the GO-REVEAL Trial
The GO-REVEAL trial involved 405 adults with psoriatic arthritis. Subjects with at least three swollen and tender joints and active psoriatic skin lesions of at least 2 centimeters in diameter were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous injections of placebo or golimumab (50 or 100 mg) at week 0 and every 4 weeks thereafter through the end of the study. At week 16, patients with inadequate arthritis response were switched to golimumab 50 mg (patients originally receiving placebo) or golimumab 100 mg (patients originally receiving golimumab 50 mg). At week 24 all placebo patients crossed over to active treatment with golimumab 50 mg. The primary endpoint was ACR 20 response at week 14 for combined golimumab groups and individual golimumab dose groups versus placebo.
Through week 24, the placebo-controlled portion of the study, 2 percent of golimumab-treated patients experienced serious adverse events (SAE) compared with 6 percent of patients in the placebo group. Injection site reactions (ISR) occurred in 5 percent of patients receiving golimumab and 3 percent of patients receiving placebo. One case of prostate cancer and 2 cases of basal cell carcinoma were reported in golimumab-treated patients. Through week 52, 5 percent of golimumab-treated patients experienced SAEs and no tuberculosis or opportunistic infections were reported. Between weeks 24 and 52, one colon and one small cell lung cancer were reported. The small cell lung cancer patient died; another patient died in a climbing accident. Through one year, golimumab had a similar safety profile to the first 6 months.
Anti-TNF therapies have been associated with serious and sometimes fatal risks including the risk of tuberculosis and other serious infections, malignancies, heart failure, central nervous system disorders, reactivation of hepatitis B and other serious events.
About Psoriatic Arthritis
Psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory arthropathy manifesting with joint pain and swelling that can lead to joint destruction and debilitation. It is frequently associated with inflamed, scaly, red patches of skin psoriasis and psoriasis nail involvement. Symptoms may include stiffness and tenderness of the joints and surrounding tissue and reduced range of motion. Joints of the hands, wrists, knees, ankles, feet, lower back and neck are commonly affected. Psoriasis affects an estimated two to three percent of the world's population, and approximately one out of three patients affected by psoriasis may develop psoriatic arthritis. Both men and women are equally affected by psoriatic arthritis, most commonly between the ages 30 and 50, in the peak of their productive years.
About Golimumab
Golimumab, the next-generation human anti-TNF-alpha monoclonal antibody from Centocor Inc. and Schering-Plough Corporation, is currently in the most comprehensive Phase 3 development program to date for an anti-TNF-alpha biologic therapy. With ongoing studies for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, golimumab is being studied as an every four-week subcutaneous injection and an intravenous (IV) infusion therapy. Golimumab targets and neutralizes both the soluble and membrane-bound forms of TNF-alpha.
Centocor discovered golimumab and has exclusive marketing rights to the product in the United States. Schering-Plough has exclusive marketing rights outside the United States except in Japan, Indonesia and Taiwan where golimumab will be co-marketed by Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation and Janssen Pharmaceutical Kabushiki Kaisha; Hong Kong, where golimumab will be exclusively marketed by Janssen-Cilag; and China where golimumab will be exclusively marketed by Xian-Janssen.
About Centocor
Centocor is harnessing the power of world-leading research and biomanufacturing to deliver innovative biomedicines that transform patients' lives. Centocor has already brought innovation to the treatment of Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis, ulcerative colitis, pediatric Crohn's disease and psoriasis.
The world leader in monoclonal antibody production and technology, Centocor has brought critical biologic therapies to patients suffering from debilitating immune disorders. Centocor, Inc. is a wholly owned subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson.
CENTOCOR DISCLOSURE NOTICE: This press release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements are based on current expectations of future events. If underlying assumptions prove inaccurate or unknown risks or uncertainties materialize, actual results could vary materially from Centocor's expectations and projections. Risks and uncertainties include general industry conditions and competition; economic conditions, such as interest rate and currency exchange rate fluctuations; technological advances and patents attained by competitors; challenges inherent in new product development, including obtaining regulatory approvals; domestic and foreign health care reforms and governmental laws and regulations; and trends toward health care cost containment. A further list and description of these risks, uncertainties and other factors can be found in Exhibit 99 of Johnson & Johnson's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2007. Copies of this Form 10-K, as well as subsequent filings, are available online at http://www.sec.gov/, http://www.jnj.com/ or on request from Johnson & Johnson. Centocor does not undertake to update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information or future events or developments.
About Schering-Plough
Schering-Plough is a global science-based health care company with leading prescription, consumer and animal health products. Through internal research and collaborations with partners, Schering-Plough discovers, develops, manufactures and markets advanced drug therapies to meet important medical needs. Schering-Plough's vision is to earn the trust of the physicians, patients and customers served by its approximately 33,500 people around the world. The company is based in Kenilworth, N.J., and its Web site is http://www.schering-plough.com/.
SCHERING-PLOUGH DISCLOSURE NOTICE: The information in this press release includes certain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, including statements relating to the potential market for Golimumab. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations or forecasts of future events. Schering-Plough does not assume the obligation to update any forward-looking statement. Many factors could cause actual results to differ materially from Schering-Plough's forward-looking statements, including market forces, economic factors, product availability, patent and other intellectual property protection, current and future branded, generic or over-the-counter competition, the regulatory process, and any developments following regulatory approval, among other uncertainties. For further details about these and other factors that may impact the forward-looking statements, see Schering-Plough's Securities and Exchange Commission filings, including Item 8.01 of Schering-Plough's Form 8-K filed October 21, 2008.
CONTACT: Media: Brian Kenney of Centocor, Inc., Office: +1-215-325-2107,Cell: +1-215-620-0111, or Catherine Cantone of Schering-Plough, Office:+1-908-298-3944, Cell: +1-908-327-3013; or Investors: Tina Pinto of Johnson &Johnson, Office: +1-732-524-2034, or Janet Barth and Joe Romanelli, both ofSchering-Plough, Office: +1-908-298-7436
Web site: http://www.schering-plough.com/http://www.jnj.com/


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Article ID: 2430674 - View products that this article applies to. SYMPTOMSConsider the following scenario:
Note This issue does not occur when you post the item to the public folder by using Outlook. CAUSEThis issue occurs because an access token is used on a remote procedure call (RPC) call when the Client Access server and the Mailbox server are installed on different computers. However, the implementation code that obtains the access token cannot recognize the real token. RESOLUTIONTo resolve this issue, install the following update rollup: 2407025
Description of Update Rollup 2 for Exchange Server 2007 Service Pack 3
STATUSMicrosoft has confirmed that this is a problem in the Microsoft products that are listed in the "Applies to" section. MORE INFORMATIONFor more information about Folder Assistant in Outlook, visit the following Microsoft website: General information about Folder Assistant in Outlook
PropertiesArticle ID: 2430674 - Last Review: December 14, 2010 - Revision: 1.0 APPLIES TO
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Critics on the Throne episode 3: Myles McNutt
Welcome to the third episode of "Critics on the Throne"! This time I interview Game of Thrones expert Myles McNutt of the Cultural Learnings blog, and one of my comrades at The A.V. Club.
In this episode we're mostly focused on the recent marketing for Season 5–both the recent poster reveal and the trailer. What do these things mean for the show, and what messages are they sending to readers and Unsullied about Season 5?
Check out the show after the jump….


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This was a very nice hotel. We got in very early in the morning and they accommodated us with a room even though we were way before our check in time. Because we had to wait a little bit for the room to be cleaned, they upgraded us to a nicer room!
The casino is VERY expensive!
staff where not the usually friendly hyatt people i have experienced in the past. food is well below par, executive lounge is not good value for money.
Inadequate internet access, even for HHonors: with Blue Card: NO free internet on the room, so had to work in the lobby, unacceptable for a business hotel. Daily rate for internet access ridiculously high. Won't go there anymore if this does not change.
The hotel is very well located for anyone who wants to get a feel for Fremantle, which is a very neat city. The balcony and the pool made things very relaxing.
Everything was satisfactory. The only blemish was a fairly noticeable brown stain on the comforter on the bed that appeared quite new. The cleaning staff never changed that.
The staff was very helpful and our hotel room was really spacious. Within walking distance of everything, they even had a little store in the lobby.
Bathroom was a little small but it's not like you're spending tons of time in the bathroom.
The views, the size of the room and the friendly demanor of the staff
Slightly pricey food, but that good be a Perth thing, as opposed to specific to the hotel, it is an expensive city :)
Concierge staff esp Brian was very helpful. Front desk n staff were friendly and approachable.
Heating when turned on had a loud thump when the thermostat turns on or off. Interrupted my sleep. Very small bottles of shampoo n toiletries given. Only enough for one person. Had to ask for more n were given. But troublesome to hv to request
Beautiful views..lots of places to walk to for meals,
Paying extra to park
location, size, cleanliness,
that it didn't have a hot tub
nice modern style apartment
could have used a thorough cleaning. And had random mosquitoes in the apartment.
Here's why:
We're not the seller At KAYAK we don't set prices, so it's not possible for us to guarantee what other companies are selling.
We aggregate tons of data for you Our service lets you quickly and easily compare results from hundreds of travel sites at once. In this sense, KAYAK is a search engine and we don't guarantee prices we find.
Why aren't prices accurate 100% of the time? Prices on airline seats, hotel rooms and car rentals can change frequently. Several people may also be trying to buy the same travel option simultaneously. As a result, you may find on occasion that certain prices are no longer available.
More questions or if you have a bad price to report to us Please send us an email and someone from our team will get back to you promptly.


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Also available in standard sizes
Was £20.00
Now £16.00
20% Off
Save a total of £4.00
Big and tall navy plain v neck jumper
Item No.0900103451
This men's jumper from Maine New England has a plain navy knit with a ribbed V neck, hem and cuffs. Also available in standard sizes.
This item is available for
UK Home Delivery Free (UK orders over £30) or £3.99
Delivered within 4 working days
Next or Named Day Delivery
7 days a week between 8am - 6pm
Monday to Friday - order by 7pm - £4.99
Saturday & Sunday - order by 6pm - £4.99
Next or Named Evening Delivery
7 days a week between 6pm - 10pm
Monday to Sunday - order by 10pm - £6.99
Collect from store the next day - FREE
Order before 7pm for next day collection after 12pm midday
Show participating stores
Full Delivery details
- V neck
- Regular fit
- Ribbed hem and cuffs
- 100% cotton
- Machine washable
- Model height: 6'2" / 188cm
- Model chest: 40" / 102cm
- Model is wearing size small
Why not try


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1602 Village Market Blvd. SE, Leesburg, VA 20175
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Sales & Social
Village Subscription
Sign Up for the latest updates on Village at Leesburg sales and events via email.
Featured Events
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New in the Village
New in the Village
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Featured Shopping & Entertainment
2nd Annual Loudoun Soccer 5K & VAL Games // March 22
Support Loudoun Soccer at this fun family event. Join us for the 5K and stay for the fun and games.
View Full Details >
Premier Promotional Partners
Celebrate and welcome Premier Promotional Products and their showroom to Village at Leesburg. Stop by for a tour of the showroom and the promotional products available for your upcoming corporate event or fundraiser.
More Events >
New Stores and Restaurants
Only Village at Leesburg creates a special place for everyday and special occasion shopping. We are continuously adding new stores and restaurants, combining many experiences in one dynamic location. Bello Pranzo, Marine Recruiting, Sweet and Sassy, AFI'S Jewelers, Glow Golf and Under the Olive Tree are NOW open! Look for Smokehouse Live, Spokes ETC, Rita's, Bonchon, Comfort One Shoes and more coming soon!
View All Stores >
Where life is in full bloom
Located behind Wegmans, Village at Leesburg is so much more than a shopping center. It's a place where you can shop, grab a bite to eat with friends and family, get your daily exercise at LA Fitness, and then meet up with friends to bowl at King Pinz or catch a movie at Cobb Theatres. Village at Leesburg makes it easy for you to shop, dine, live and work in one convenient location.
Office/Retail Leasing & Office Condo Sales
Located on Route 7, Village at Leesburg is a 57-acre development offering new office and retail leasing, as well as office condo sales. Situated on Route 7 in Loudoun County – the wealthiest and second fastest growing county in the nation - Village at Leesburg serves six million visitors per year. Place your business in an upscale urban setting that has the amenities, location and style customers want.
View Leasing >


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Baseball season's about to start, and many experts– Sports Illustrated, among others– have predicted the Red Sox to win 100 games and the World Series. But these are the Red Sox, who have infamously found agonizing ways to blow their season many times in the past. What will go wrong this year to ruin their chances?
Tags: Poll Of The Week, Predictions, Red Sox, Sports Illustrated, World Series


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I'm introducing myself to tweetsharp for a web application I am working on. Does anyone have any example code or know where any is? I'm not sure that this is the proper forum for this question, but I've been searching all night and I can't find anything current. Most of them use older versions of TweetSharp and no longer apply.
If not, maybe I can get some guidance.
I'm trying to get OAuth going, and so far the only good guide I've found is via the TweetSharp getHub project's readme. The following code throws me off:
ViewModel.Message = string.Format("Your username is {0}", user.ScreenName);
return View();
Do I need to be using an MVC application? I'm not familiar with viewmodels.
It'd be nice to have a complete walkthrough or example for authorization if anyone can help me out. It'd be nice if it were for web, but anything would help at this point.


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Family of Lezli S. Julius, IndianaUpdated November 15, 2003 |
I am currently researching our family history. Any information that you can provide is greatly appreciated. Any information I have will gladly be shared. |
Lezli Suzanne Williams (Julius) 2470 S. CR 1000 W. Alexandria, Indiana 46001 United States |
Family Tree Maker Reports and Trees |
The content shown on this page has been submitted by a Genealogy.com customer, and is not subject to verification by Genealogy.com. Neither Genealogy.com nor its affiliates are responsible for the accuracy of any information contained on this page. The opinions expressed on this page are the author's alone and not the opinions of Genealogy.com.
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Search Now for Low Fares
Fares from Chicago, IL (ORD)
United, American
Seats are not available on all flights or all dates of travel. You may need to have flexible travel dates to find this fare. Fares for travel on holidays may be higher.
Adv. Purchase:
21 Days
7 days/week, if available
Travel Ending:
Thursday, 29 October 2015
More Details:
Non-Stop Flights, No min. stay
Last Updated:
Friday, 06 March 2015
Our Notes:
When we checked, we found seats at this price departing APR 21 and returning APR 28. There are other dates available as well.
CheapAir charges a $9.95 booking fee.
Travel Tue/Wed between early June and late August.
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All mandatory taxes/fees are included in the price. Tax-inclusive fare may be a few dollars higher or lower depending on the airport you connect through, if any. Baggage fees, if applicable, and other optional fees are not included.
Our Dealhounds found this airfare using flexible date search. This means we searched a range of dates to find you the best price.
Reviews for Chicago to Columbus (ORD-CMH)
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Flight from Chicago to Columbus
- Airline:
- United
- Round Trip
- Number of Stops:
- No stops
- Date of Flight:
- October 2010
- Seat Class:
- economy
Quick check-in. Efficient boarding. Clean plane. Nice legroom. Attendants were pleasant. All on the day of the merger! Things are looking up.
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3rd January 2014
Comment: FA appointing player who said gays are 'detestable' shows we have a long road to equality 8
5:59 PM — The Chair of LGBT+ Liberal Democrats, Ed Fordham, writes for PinkNews.co.uk on how the appointment of Michael Johnson as the FA's new equality adviser - despite previously making homophobic comments - shows the path to full LGBT equality has a long way to travel.
Bournemouth fan evicted for making anti-gay chants during Brighton match 4
1:59 PM — A Bournemouth football fan ended up being evicted from Brighton and Hove Albion's Amex Stadium due to alleged homophobic chanting.
UKIP Councillor admits to using wrong sized condoms and being 'baffled' by lesbians 103
12:08 PM — A UK Independence Party councillor in West Yorkshire is "baffled" by Britain's social acceptance of homosexuality and says that he finds "female homosexuality" even stranger, whilst also going into great detail about his sex life.
2nd January 2014
Homophobic Twitter trolls blast Eastenders for featuring same-sex kiss scene 72
6:14 PM — The decision of Eastenders to broadcast a scene with two male characters kissing generated a predicable torrent of homophobic abuse from a small mindless minority on Twitter.
31st December 2013
Fox News TV Doctor: Marriage died in 2013 and the polygamists will be happy 16
5:59 PM — Dr Keith Ablow – a psychiatrist and medical contributor for Fox News – has published a long diatribe against equal marriage.
Ghanaian tourism minister: I am shocked people could think I support gay rights 15
12:24 PM — A government minister in Ghana has denounced one of the country's leading newspapers for claiming that she supported gay rights.
28th December 2013
US: Suspension of anti-gay reality star Phil Robertson lifted by A&E 22
12:15 AM — US reality star Phil Robertson, who was recently suspended from his TV show after making controversial anti-gay comments, has been reinstated.
27th December 2013
Alabama senator tables motion in support of anti-gay 'hero' Duck Dynasty star Phil Robertson 13
11:58 AM — Despite Phil Robertson being suspended indefinitely for making homophobic and racist remarks, Alabama State Senator Jerry Fielding plans to introduce a resolution lauding the Duck Dynasty star as a "hero".
25th December 2013
Sarah Palin admits to defending anti-gay reality star without reading his comments 13
5:41 PM — Sarah Palin has admitted that she hasn't read US reality star Phil Robertson's anti-gay comments, despite speaking out to defend them last week.
24th December 2013
Polish MP expresses support for Uganda's anti-gay law with homophobic and racist remarks 21
12:24 PM — A Polish MP has expressed his support for Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Bill and at the same time described the Ugandan population as "kind of wild people".
23rd December 2013
Duck Dynasty star refuses to apologise for anti-gay rant and claims Jesus said it is 'man and woman' 22
3:33 PM — US reality star Phil Robertson is refusing to apologise for making anti-gay comments in a magazine interview and has delivered a Bible lecture to say "we are not going to procreate the human race unless we have a man and a woman."
Video: Fox News host: 'C*cksucking faggot' isn't a homophobic slur 17
11:31 AM — Fox News presenter Geraldo Rivera has defended Alec Baldwin's recent homophobic rant at a photographer.
19th December 2013
Sarah Palin defends anti-gay reality star Phil Robertson by slamming those 'intolerants hatin' 32
4:30 PM — Sarah Palin says the suspension of Duck Dynasty reality star Phil Robertson for making anti-gay comments in a magazine interview is an attack on free speech.
US: Reality TV actor Phil Robertson suspended indefinitely for anti-gay rant in GQ magazine 19
10:49 AM — US reality star Phil Robertson has been suspended indefinitely from his TV show for questioning in an interview to GQ why gay men would prefer "a man's anus" over a vagina.
18th December 2013
London: Lecturer who compared gay teachers to the Ku Klux Klan sacked from college 27
1:19 PM — A lecturer at an east London college who compared gay teachers to the Ku Klux Klan and admitted that he loathed Sir Elton John for his "over-burdensome gayism" has been sacked.
17th December 2013
Star of BBC sitcom denies calling PinkNews reader a 'Batty man' on Twitter 26
6:34 PM — An actress who starred in the BBC One sitcom The Wright Way and played a lesbian character in the show has strenuously denied making homophobic comments on Twitter and says her account was hacked.
16th December 2013
Australian Senator who linked equal marriage to polygamy calls on pro-equality minister to resign 18
12:57 PM — Australian Senator Cory Bernardi has called on former Liberal leader and current Communications Minister Malcolm Turnbull to stop publicly advocating equal marriage or resign from government.
13th December 2013
London: Anti-gay lecturer had 'no formal qualifications', claims ex-colleague 16
6:33 PM — Fresh allegations have been made against a senior lecturer at one of London's biggest colleges who was suspended last month after audio emerged of him comparing gay teachers to the Ku Klux Klan.
9th December 2013
Putin's new TV network boss believes gays should be banned from donating sperm and organs 17
1:21 PM — A TV presenter who said gay people should not be allowed to donate sperm or blood, and that their hearts should not even be used, as they are "unfit for extending anyone's life", will now run Vladimir Putin's new TV network.
4th December 2013
Cleric: Why would I call for the death of gay people when my sister is gay 8
6:03 PM — An Islamic cleric, who is speaking at an event at Newcastle United Football Club this evening, denies ever calling for the death of LGBT people and says his sister is gay.


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Following last week's candidates forum, we asked the religious leaders on our panel if there were any other questions they wish they could have asked any of the candidates. Dr. Suzan Johnson Cook, a senior pastor at the Bronx Christian Fellowship, had this question for Barack Obama:
Oprah Winfrey and Bill Cosby have been criticized for speaking out about the culpability of the Black community. If elected president of the United States, what do you believe Black leaders should do to re-instill/restore traditional faith, morals, and educational values within our community?
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a place for zinesters - writers and readers
Hey Katie
Are you doing another Leeds zine Fair this year?
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Ist preference given to distros and zines. Rates and details are here. Limited space. Very Low Cost!
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Dominick DeMarco Jr., son of the founder of Brooklyn's famous New York/Neapolitan-style pizzeria, Di Fara, has plans to take his father's legendary pizzeria to the rest of the nation, according to Gothamist.
From the story:
Dom DeMarco's Pizzeria & Bar is set to open [in] Vegas by the end of the year, and if it's successful he'll expand to Arizona, Texas and California. But could the pizza ever taste as good? Though he'll be using a gas-fired Wood Stone pizza oven instead of the Baker's Pride oven, he insists on using all the same ingredients. Even the water. DeMarco Jr. has sent New York tap water samples to a lab for "analysis," though we're not sure how he'll use the data to make Nevada tap taste more like New York's.
The development is another move toward Neapolitan-style pizza coming into the mainstream. The artisanal-style pizza, sometimes noted as the antithesis of fast food pizza for its all-hand-made production, high-heat oven, and premium ingredients, has gained recent market share via expansion of chains such as Punch Pizza, owned by the founder of Caribou Coffee.
Topics: Business Strategy and Profitability , Food & Beverage


text:
US 4957910 A Abstract A method is provided for treating a viral infection in a subject by administering a surfactant and/or a steroid so as to produce a high concentration thereof in the systemic circulation. The method is particularly applicable to the treatment of HIV infections. The use of surfactants and/or steroids in the production of pharmaceutical compositions is described.
Claims(14) 1. A method for the treatment of patients infected with human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) comprising administering an effective amount of a bile acid or derivative thereof.
2. A method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said bile acid is selected from the group consisting of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, trihydroxycoprostanic acid, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said bile acid or derivative thereof comprises a bile acid conjugated with an amino acid of the formula NH2 -X-A where A is an acidic moiety selected from COOH and SO3 H groups and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic entity, containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
4. A method in accordance with claim 3, wherein X contains 1-6 carbon atoms.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein said bile salt or derivative thereof is administered into the systemic circulation.
6. A method in accordance with claim 5, wherein said bile salt or derivative thereof is administered in an amount which creates a plasma concentration sufficient to combat the infection but insufficient to produce a life-threatening side effect.
7. A method in accordance with claim 1, wherein the derivative is a salt, ester or amide.
8. A method in accordance with claim 6, wherein a plasma concentration of at least 50 mg/liter is maintained.
9. A method in accordance with claim 6, wherein a plasma concentration of at least 100 mg/liter is maintained.
10. A method in accordance with claim 6, wherein a plasma concentration of at least 200 mg/liter is maintained.
11. A method for preventing replication of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) in HIV infected cells comprising contacting the HIV-infected cells with an effective amount of a bile acid or derivative thereof.
12. A method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said effective amount is an amount effective to prevent substantial replication of the virus without markedly affecting the survival of non-infected cells.
13. A method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said bile acid is selected from the group consisting of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, trihydroxycoprostanic acid, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid.
14. A method in accordance with claim 11, wherein said bile acid or derivative thereof comprises a bile acid conjugated with an amino acid of the formula NH2 --X--A where A is an acidic moiety selected from COOH and SO3 H groups and X is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic entity, containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
Description This invention relates to a method and composition for the treatment and prevention of viral infections and particularly, but not exclusively to the treatment and prevention of infections of human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) in human beings. Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) has been described as "a modern plague: the first great pandemic of the second half of the twentieth century". The quest for an effective therapy for AIDS has become a major priority for research, but despite a massive commitment of resources, few drugs are available for therapy all have significant side effects and none is curative. The causative agent of AIDS is a retrovirus previously referred to as HTLV-III or LAV, but now referred to as HIV. Current therapies proposed for combatting HIV infections generally involve the use of anti-viral agents which interfere with viral replication, for example by inhibiting reverse transcriptase. Such agents are generally highly cytotoxic and despite the limited success which has been achieved with such anti-viral agents as AZT (Zidovudine), no effective treatment of AIDS has been found to date. A proposal has been made (Reimund, E; 1986)1 that butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) may be of value in combination drug therapy of HIV. This is by analogy with a proposed treatment of Newcastle disease in chickens, where BHT is incorporated into feed.2 However, the effect of BHT against HIV or any other retrovirus has not been investigated and there is no evidence that BHT could be used as an effective agent in combatting HIV infections. It has now been surprisingly found that bile salts and related compounds both inhibit viral replication of HIV in an established line of human T4 cells and selectively destroy persistently HIV-infected cells at a concentration which is without apparent cytotoxic effect on non-infected cells, and this has led to the possibility of the therapeutic use of bile salts and related compounds systemically to combat virus infections. Thus according to one aspect of the present invention there is provided a method of treating a viral infection in a subject, which comprises introducing a surfactant into the systemic circulation so as to create a plasma concentration of the surfactant sufficient to combat the infection, but insufficient to produce a life-threatening side-effect. By "surfactant" is meant any generally non-toxic water-soluble surface active agent capable of lowering the interfacial tension of aqueous media. Such surfactants generally possess detergent properties. Typical surfactant molelcules useful in carrying out the invention include a hydrophobic portion and one or more substituents which are hydrophilic in nature. Preferably the surfactant is an ionic surfactant, especially an anionic surfactant such as one containing at least one carboxylate group (--COOH). Any carboxylate groups in the surfactant used in a method of the invention may be in the form of the free acid or in the form of a salt with a pharmaceutically acceptable cation. Steroids having surfactant activity have been found to be particularly useful in carrying out the method of the invention. In a variation of the method of the invention, a steroid having essentially no activity as an ionic surfactant may be used. Thus according to a further aspect of the invention there is provided a method of treating a viral infection in a subject, which comprises introducing a steroid into the systemic circulation so as to create a plasma concentration of steroid sufficient to combat the infection, but insufficient to produce a life-threatening side-effect. In accordance with a further aspect of the invention a surfactant and/or steroid may be used in the production of injectible pharmaceutical preparations in order to reduce the content of infectious virus, pro-virus or virus-infected cells therein. Such preparations include whole blood (for transfusion), blood plasma or other blood fractions or components. (e.g. Factor VIII). Preferably any steroid used in carrying out the method of the invention should be essentially free of pronounced biological activity (other than the desired anti-viral activity) and in carrying out the method of the invention one would normally seek to avoid use of steroids having androgenic, oestrogenic or adrenergic activity or steroids which are haemolytic. Thus oestrone, oestradiol, progesterone, cortisone, androsterols and testosterol are less preferred, whereas fusidic acid (which has antibacterial activity) may be particularly useful. Other steroidal antibiotics which may be used include cephalosporin P1 and helvolic acid. The precise chemical structure of the selected steroid is not unduly critical, but it will be appreciated that certain side-effects (for example androgenic side-effects) can be avoided by using steroids containing at least 22 and preferably at least 24 carbon atoms. It is also advantageous to utilise a steroid which is a normal human metabolite or one which has surfactant properties for example fusidic acid. Useful steroids may be selected from those having the formula: ##STR1## wherein (SC) is an optionally branched aliphatic side chain, optionally substituted by --OH, ═O, ═NH, --NH2, COOH, --COOR (wherein R represents C1-6 alkyl, or a pharmacologically acceptable anion) or --COOX (wherein X is a residue of an amine or amino acid). A, B, C and D each represent one or more optional substituents independently selected from HO, esterified hydroxy, ═O, halogen, C1-4 alkyl and epoxy, the dotted lines indicate optional angular methyl groups, and rings a, b, c and d are optionally unsaturated. Any esterified hydroxy groups may be esterified with C1-4 carboxy acids or phosphate groups. Within this class, the so-called "bile salts" or "bile acids" have been found to be particularly effective in inhibiting HIV infections. In the literature, the terms "bile salts" and "bile acids" are used interchangeably. At physiological pH bile acids are ionised and are accompanied by plentiful cations, so it is strictly correct to refer to them as "bile salts". Common mammalian bile acids are all C24 steroids of the 5 beta series with a carboxyl group at C24 and 1, 2 or 3 hydroxyl groups as nuclear substituents. Such bile acids (and their salts) are preferably used in the method of the invention, as well as related oxo-acids. Bile acids frequently occur as peptide conjugates with amino acids such as, for example, glycine and taurine. The use of conjugated bile salts is thus encompassed by the method of the invention. In general, bile acids may be conjugated with any amino acid of the formula NH2 --X--A where A is an acidic moiety, for example a carboxy (--COOH) or sulpho (--SO3 H) group and X is an aliphatic. cycloaliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic entity, preferably containing 1 to 10, most preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Thus X may be the residue of any of the amino acids of normal metabolism. Examples of specific bile acids which may be used in accordance with the method of the invention include cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, trihydroxycoprostanic acid, taurocholic acid and glycocholic acid. Naturally occuring bile acids (also known as "bile salts" see above) are naturally occuring components of bile and are synthesised from cholesterol in the liver. In normal healthy individuals bile produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder passes via the common bile duct into the duodenum where it participates in the digestion of lipids. Most of the bile acids entering the duodenum are reabsorbed in the small intestine where they are returned to the liver via the portal vein. The circulation between the liver, common bile duct, duodenum, small intestine and portal vein is referred to as the "enterohepatic circulation" and in health, bile salts are present in the systemic circulation at very low concentration. In certain pathological conditions (including biliary obstruction and hepatic cirrhosis) elevated levels of bile salts may enter the systemic circulation. Levels up to 100 times normal are observed, but apart from occasionally producing such symptoms as pruritis, have no serious toxic side effects.3 For a discussion of bile salts and their normal function reference is made to "Liver and Biliary Disease" ed. Wright et al. 1979, pp 233-254.4 In carrying out the methods of the invention, the desired surfactant and/or steroid may be introduced into the systemic circulation by any convenient means. Preferably the surfactant and/or steroid is introduced parenterally. Thus they may be administered by injection, intravenously intramuscularly sub-cutaneously. intrathecally or into a body cavity, e.g. intraperitoneally or intrapleurally. Other methods of administration may be adopted, for example rectal administration in the form of a suppository as an inhaled aerosol spray or oral administration, when the surfactant and/or steroid is preferably administered sub-lingually so as to enter the systemic circulation and by-pass the portal circulation. The use of a surfactant and/or steroid in the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for use in treating viral infections (particularly infections with retroviruses, e.g. HIV) in the manner described above forms a further aspect of the present invention. According to its more specific aspects, the invention further includes the use of a bile acid or derivative thereof in the manufacture of a pharmaceutical composition for use in the treatment of a viral infection in a subject, particularly in the treatment of subjects infected with HIV. The use of bile acids in the treatment of viral infections has not been described hitherto, although oral adminstration of bile acids has been used for treating certain types of gallstones. However when bile acids are administered orally, they would not normally enter the systemic circulation since they would be absorbed in the small intestine and enter the enterohepatic circulation. Parenteral injection of radioactively labelled bile acids has been described5, but for the purposes of experimental physiology only (to investigate the rate of breakdown of bile salts in the bloodstream). Parenteral administration of bile acids for therapeutic purposes has not been described hitherto. The invention thus further provides pharmaceutical compositions for use in treating a viral infection in a subject comprising at least one bile acid or derivative thereof and a pharmaceutical acceptable excipient, said composition being adapted to administration by a route capable of producing an elevated concentration of bile acid in the systemic circulation, with the proviso that where the composition is in the form of a parenteral solution, the bile acid or derivative is not radioactively labelled. Preferred forms of pharmaceutical composition according to the invention comprise injectible solutions or suspensions, suppositories, aerosol sprays and dosage forms adapted for oral and particularly sub-lingual administration. The compositions may comprise conventional pharmaceutically acceptable diluents or carriers. Thus typical injectible solutions will comprise sterile pyrogen-free media, e.g. normal saline and optionally include buffering agents, stabilising agents and preservatives. Suppositories will include excipients such as waxes and glycerol, while aerosol sprays will include, for example, an easily volatilised carrier such as, for example, ethanol. In order to maintain an effective plasma concentration of surfactant and/or steroid in the systemic circulation (e.g. about 250 mg/l), it is preferable to administer at least 1.5 g per day, more preferably from 1.5 to 3.0 g per day of surfactant and/or steroid. Conveniently the surfactant and/or steroid is administered in divided doses. e.g. in doses of from 100 mg to 1 g up to three times per day. A particularly convenient dosage unit contains about 500 mg of surfactant and/or steroid. Other examples of compositions according to the invention are topical compositions for protecting a subject against a viral infection. Such compositions may comprise a bile acid or derivative thereof and an excipient adapted for topical application. Such compositions may for example be in the form of creams, ointments, lotions, solutions or gels. Topical composition in forms suitable for vaginal use (e.g. creams, ointments, gels, foams and soluble pessaries) can offer protection against transmission of viral infections during sexual intercourse. These compositions may advantageously contain a spermicidally active agent. The following example illustrates the anti-viral activity of bile acids. A human T-cell line (CEM) chronically infected with the CBL-1 strain of HIV was used in the experiments described below. Persistently infected and non-infected cells were grown in suspension cultures in 25 cm flasks. Tissue culture growth medium consisted of RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% foetal calf serum (FCS). Bile acids in the form of bile salts containing a mixture of sodium cholate and sodium deoxycholate (Sigma) was made into a 1% stock solution in distilled water. Final dilution of the bile salts was carried out in RPMI 1640 prior to inoculation with cells (infected or non-infected). Growth medium containing the appropriate amount of bile salts set up in 25 cm flasks (infected or non-infected) was added to the vessels making a final dilution of 5�105 /ml. Cells were exposed to growth medium containing bile salts under two experimental conditions: (a) 6 h, and (b) continuously for 7 days. In the case of (a), the cells after exposure were pelleted, washed in PBS and placed in fresh growth medium containing no bile salts. Additional growth medium (50%) was added to each culture after 3 days to maintain and promote cellular growth. At days 3 and 7 evidence of viral activity was determined. Cultures were centrifuged and cell debris pelleted out. Cell debris was investigated by Western Blot, immunofluorescence and electron microscopy and re-cultured in fresh non-infected cells and re-examined over a further 7 days. Supernatant fluid was examined for reverse transcriptase and viral protein, ultracentrifuged for electron microscopy and re-cultured in fresh CEM non-infected cells for further confirmatory investigations over a further 7 days. Similar investigations were carried out on control non-infected cells and infected cultures not exposed to bile salts. Examination of culture fluids was made using the solid-phase sandwich-type enzyme immunoassay (Abbott Laboratories) in which human and rabbit polyclonal anti-HIV IgG are used as capture and probe antibodies respectively. Rabbit antibody was raised against the CBL-1 strain of HIV. Labelled goat-anti rabbit IgG was used to identify a positive reaction. Briefly, 200 μl of the sample was incubated overnight at room temperature with polystyrene beads coated with human anti-HIV IgG. After washing, rabbit antibodies are added and incubated for 4 hours at 40� C. with the goat-anti rabbit IgG labelled with horseradish peroxidase. Colour is added using o-phenylenediamine as substrate and absorbance is read at 492 nm using a Quantum 11 Dual Wavelength analyser, results being read as positive when the optical density is >0.050 plus the mean of 5 replicates of normal human plasma. After three and seven days incubation, cells were washed twice in cold phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). For direct lysis in Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) the cells were dissolved in electrophoresis sample buffer (1% SDS, 0.1% mercaptoethanol, 2% glycerol, 0.01% bromophenol blue, 75 mM-Tris-HCL, pH 8.8) and heated for 2h to denature the proteins and inactivate any residual virus. After electrophoresis on SDS polyacrylamide gels by the method of Laemmli6, proteins were transferred to nitrocellulose paper essentially as described by Towbin et al.7, except that the transfer buffer was 3mM sodium carbonate, 10mM sodium bicarbonate, and 20% methanol8 using a Transfor (Hoefer Scientific). The current was passed at 700mA over a 2h period. Molecular weights were estimated by comparison of electrophoretic mobilities with prestained protein molecular weight standards (Bethesda Research Laboratories). Protein binding sites on the transfers were blocked before further analysis by soaking in PBS containing 0.05% Tween 20 for 1 h at room temperature with constant agitation. Transfers were incubated at room temperature with constant agitation in PBS containing 0.03% Tween 20 in which human antisera had been diluted (1:100). After 1 h the transfers were washed three times in PBS-Tween, incubated as above with PBS-Tween containing a 1:1000 horseradish peroxidase-conjugated antiglobulin (Miles Scientific Slough, UK). After 1 h and a similar washing cycle, antibody binding bands were revealed by incubation with aminoethylcarbazole. An indirect immunofluorescence test was performed. For this test cells were smeared on to glass slides, dried at room temperature for 1 h and fixed with acetone at room temperature for 10 minutes. Cell smears were treated with appropriate diluted anti-HIV human serum (1:50, or 1:100) in PBS at 37� C. for 30 minutes, washed with PBS and treated with fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-human IgG (δ-chains) (Miles Scientific) at 37� C. for 30 minutes. The smear was then covered with a cover glass and examined with a Nikon inverted microscope with HBO-100W Mercury lamp illuminator. The cells were washed three time with PBS and the cell pellet was fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer, pH 7.2 at 4� C. for 60 minutes. The cells were washed twice with phosphate buffer, post-fixed in 1% Os04 in barbital acetate buffer (pH 7.4) at 4� C. for 30 minutes dehydrated through a graded series of ethanols and then embedded in Epon 812. Ultrathin sections were made on a Cambridge-Huxley Ultra-microtome and mounted on carbon-evaporated grids. The sections were stained with uranyl acetate and then basic lead citrate and examined with an electron microscope (Phillips). Cell-free culture fluid (4ml) was assayed for RT activity as described by Gallo et al.9. HIV reverse transcriptase activity was measured in virus solubilizing buffer (0.8 mM/l, NaCl, 0.5% triton X 100, 0.5 mM/l phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, 20% glycerol, 50 mM/l Tris pH 7.9, 1 mM dithiothreitol). The polymerase reaction mixture (80 μl) contained 50 mmol/l Tris HCl pH 7.9, 20 mmol/HCl, 1 mmol/l dithiothreitol, 5 mmol/l MgCl2, 10 μCi tritiated thymidine triphosphate (30 Ci/mmol), and 0.1 OD/ml of poly-A-oligo-dT 12-18 as template primer1O. The above experiments were repeated using the U937 cell line with similar results. It can be seen from the results depicted in FIG.1 that CEM cells were tolerant to bile salts. Thus, although uninfected CEM cells did not replicate in tissue culture media containing bile salt concentrations of 1:100 and 1:1000 final dilution (5000 and 500 mg/l), a 1:2000 (250 mg/l) concentration of bile salts did markedly affect cellular replication or survival (FIG. 1). This level of bile salts did, however, inhibit the growth and survival of persistently HIV infected CEM cells which had either been exposed to bile salts over (1) a 6 h period, or (2) growth in the presence of bile salts over a 7 day period. The results show that HIV is inactivated by bile salts. Thus, direct examination of HIV persistently infected cultures exposed to bile salts (6 h or 7 days) indicated no cellular replication and limited survival of original inoculum. Both total and viable cell numbers markedly declined in exposed infected cultures, as compared with non-infected and HIV infected cultures not exposed to bile salts (FIG. 1). No evidence of HIV replication was found in bile salt treated cultures after examination of cells or supernatant, as determined by electron microscopy, Western blot, immunofluorescence, reverse transcriptase or enzyme imunoassay. Cellular material and supernatant from bile salt treated cultures recultured with non-infected CEM cells also indicated no viral activity when examined after 3 and 7 days. A summary of the data is presented in Table 1 and represents data obtained from the original examination of cultures after 3 and 7 days post treatment. Similar results were obtained after a 6 h or 7 day continual exposure. TABLE 1______________________________________SUMMARY OF OBSERVATIONS MADE ON HIV INFECTED ANDNON-INFECTED CULTURES EXPOSED TO 1:2000 (250 mgs/l)OF BILE SALTS TYPE OF EXAMINATIONCULTURES EM WB IF RT EIA P24 p41______________________________________Non-infected - - - - - -CEM (-ve control)Bile salt exposed - - - - - -HIV infected CEMCells (Test)HIV infected CEM + + + + + +(+ve control)______________________________________ The experiments confirmed that the persistently infected line of established T4 cells supported the production of large amounts of virus particles when harvested at the end of a 7-day growth cycle. Further it has been demonstrated that a 1/2000 concentration of bile salts (250 mg/l) does not inhibit the growth of uninfected cells over a similar period of time. However, the addition of bile salts to cultures of HIV-infected cells surprisingly selectively destroys the persistently HIV-infected cells and eliminates all evidence of virus, as assessed by 5 separate methods. In addition both the centrifuged T cells and the supernatants failed to infect fresh cultures of cells confirming that no infectious virus remained. It appeared immaterial whether the infected cells were exposed to bile salts for 6 hours only, or continuously for 7 days, since in neither case was there evidence of virus. A particularly unexpected finding was that in both of these situations no viable cells remained either. This was in striking contrast to the healthy growth of uninfected cells in the presence of bile salts; and to the continual survival and growth of persistently infected cells, albeit with some evidence of viral lysis, when untreated with bile salts. Further investigations on the effect of fusidic acid on HIV-infected CEM cells showed an inhibitory effect at concentrations from 10-200 μg/ml. Although we do not wish to be limited by theory, it is postulated that the anti-viral activity of surfactants and steroids according to the invention stems from a disruption of the viral lipid envelope caused by these substances. The following examples illustrate dosage forms suitable for use in carrying out the method of the invention. ______________________________________Cholic acid (Na salt) 500 mgSodium hydrogen phosphate buffer to pH 7Pyrogen free water qv______________________________________ ______________________________________Fusidic acid (Na salt) 500 mgSodium hydrogen phosphate buffer to pH 7Pyrogen free water qv______________________________________ ______________________________________Bile salts* 400 mgSodium hydrogen phosphate buffer to pH 7Pyrogen free water qv______________________________________ *mixture of cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid (Na salts) ______________________________________ Bile salts 500 mg Glucose 75 mg Mg stearate 2 mg______________________________________ ______________________________________Fusidic acid 500 gHard parafin wax 500 gPEG 1500 250 g______________________________________ 1. Reimund, E. Envelope perturbation and AIDS Lancet 1986; 2: 1159. 2. Brugh, M. Butylated hydroxytoluene protects chickens exposed to Newcastle disease virus. Science 1977; 197: 1291-92. 3. Neale, G., Lewis, B., Weaver, V., Panveliwalla, D. Serum bile acids in liver disease. Gut 1971; 12: 145-152. 4. Heaton, K. W. Bile salts. In: Wright, R., Alberti, K. G. M. M., Karran, S., Millward-Sadler, G. H., Eds. Liver and biliary disease. London: W. B. Saunders, 1979:233-254. 5. Cowen, A. E., Korman, M. G., Hofmann, A. F. Thomas, P. J. Plasma disappearance of radioactivity after intravenous injection of labelled bile acids in man. Gastroenterology 1975;68:1567-1573. 6. Laemmli, U. K. Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature, London 1970;227:680-685. 7. Towbin, H., Staehelin, T. and Gordon, J. Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., U.S. 1979; 76:4350-4354. 8. Dunn, S. D. Effects of modification of transfer buffer composition and the renaturation of proteins in gels on the recognition of proteins on Western blots by monoclonal antibodies. Analyt. Biochem. 1986; 157: 144-153. 9. Gallo, R. C., Gallagher, R. E. and Russell, F. In: Clarkson, B., Marks, P. A., Till, J. E. Eds. Differentiation of normal and neoplastic hematopoietic cells. Cold Spring Harbor. Cold Spring Harbor Press 1978;5:671-694. 10. Rey, M. A., Spire, B., Dormont, D. et al. Characterisation of the RNA dependent DNA polymerase of a new human lymphotropic retrovirus (lymphadenopathy associated virus). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 1984; 121: 126-133. Patent Citations
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The 24th annual Grand Rogue Military Encampment has been cancelled in the past due to extreme flooding, but this year's event was a little soggy due to rain showers. A historic bonanza of knowledge and authentic clothes and equipment showed visitors what life was like before electricity, both in military reenactment and family settings. […]
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Reenactors rough it out through rainy weekend
Filed Under: Fun Tagged With: Fun, Grand Rogue Campground, Grand Rogue Military Encampment, Karen J Photography, September 23 2010
Two hundred years of living history free to see this week
History all the way back to the French and Indian War in the 1750s will come alive this Saturday and Sunday with the 24th year of the Grand Rogue Military Encampment at the Grand Rogue Campgrounds, 6400 West River Drive. The event is free to the public and hopefully raises as much curiosity as it […]
Filed Under: Top News Stories Tagged With: Civil War, Grand Rogue Campground, Grand Rogue Military Encampment, Mike DeJonge, September 16 2010, Top News Stories


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The fundamental limits of recycling : from minerals processing to computer aided design of automobiles and other consumer goods
SUNScholar Research Repository
Faculty of Engineering
Department of Process Engineering
Doctoral Degrees (Process Engineering)
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The fundamental limits of recycling : from minerals processing to computer aided design of automobiles and other consumer goods
Reuter, Markus Andreas
My applied engineering research and industrial application work of the past 20 years is presented in this dissertation. It is the conjecture of my work that only if thorough first principles knowledge of the depth of process metallurgy and recycling is available, can meaningful first principles environmental models be developed. These models can then evaluate technology, provide well argued and first principles environmental information to our tax paying consumer society as well as to legislators and environmentalists. Only through this path can one estimate the limits of recycling and its technology, hence evaluate the true boundaries of sustainability. My work with students has presently culminated in the detailed modelling and simulation of recycling systems for post-consumer goods. Notably the models are finding an application in the prediction of legally required recycling rates for automobiles. The models provide first principles arguments for less stringent EU recycling legislation and the integration of the first principles models in computer aided design tools of the automotive industry as part of a large EU 6th Framework (project managed by Volkswagen and the other European car producers). Presently these models are also being converted to model the Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as well as water recycling systems respectively, both for industry in The Netherlands. This unique rigorous integration of systems engineering, reactor technology and process control theory is the basis of all my work to describe recycling systems as dynamic feedback control loops. My large body of acquired industrial knowledge renders these models practical and can hence be used by the automotive and recycling industries. The origins of this work may be found in the various cited publications and reports to industry by myself (due to my close association with industry as well as industrial experience) over the past 20 years as well as the work of my students, covering topics such as: • system optimization models for flotation, mineral beneficiation and recycling systems and applying these for design for recycling and argue for better/improved first-principles based legislation, • industrial measurement, modelling and simulation of industrial extractive process pyrometallurgical reactors as well waste incinerators and recycling plants, • various activities in other areas such as hydrometallurgy, clean and new breakthrough technology, and • process control of industrial metallurgical reactors by among others the application of artificial intelligence techniques. All the ideas of the last years have been worked out with students and have been summarized in our book: "The Metrics of Material and Metal Ecology, Harmonizing the resource, technology and environmental cycles".
Thesis (PhD (Process Engineering)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.
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