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Adolescents' lived experience of epilepsy.
Abstract: To improve the well-being of adolescents with epilepsy, research is needed on how adolescents cope. In this study, Lazarus' model of stress and coping and Antonovsky's Theory of Sense of Coherence were used as the theoretical framework. The aim was to describe the lived experience of adolescents with epilepsy and their coping skills. The participants were 13-19 years old with an epilepsy diagnosis but without mental retardation or cerebral palsy. The study was performed in southern Sweden at the pediatric department of a university hospital. Semistructured and open-ended interviews were conducted with 13 adolescents. The transcripts were analyzed with manifest and latent content analysis. All the adolescents had developed strategies to cope with the emotional strains caused by epilepsy. They experienced strains from the seizures, limitation of leisure activities, side effects of medication, and feelings of being different. The coping strategies described were finding support, being in control, and experimenting.**********
Literature addressing adolescents with epilepsy often focuses on problems strictly due to the disease itself (Dunn, Austin, & Huster, 1999; Howe, Feinstein, Reiss, & Molock, 1993; Viberg, Blennow, & Polski, 1987). To improve the well-being of adolescents with epilepsy, research on coping with the problems caused by the disease is needed. After working with adolescents with epilepsy on a pediatric neurology ward, one of us (Eklund) became interested in investigating their lived experience and coping strategies. The other (Sivberg) worked with children with autistic spectrum disorders. The purpose of this study was to describe the lived experience of adolescents with epilepsy and how they cope with the disease.
The self-image of the adolescent undergoes profound modifications (Erikson, 1977). Adolescents have many thoughts about their bodies because of the physical changes associated with puberty, and many adolescents worry about not being seen as a normal person (Erikson, 1994). A seizure, like any other traumatic event occurring to the adolescent body, takes on an amazing significance. An adolescent often experiences a seizure as a form of physical suffering, which is difficult both to convey and to understand. At the same time, it is loaded with deep significance about body image (Rossi, Bonfiglio, Veggiotto, & Lanzi, 1997).
Adolescents with epilepsy report that they feel discriminated against in school (Galletti, Rinna, & Acquafondata, 1998). Even if society's view of epilepsy has improved, there is still a great need for more knowledge (Jenson & Dam, 1992). Societal attitudes can cause more pain for the adolescents than the seizure itself (Gordon & Sillanpaa, 1997).
Health-related quality of life is a broader concept than personal health status, and takes social well-being into account as well. There is no consensus about defining quality of life (Dunn et al., 1999). In this study, we defined it as the participants' general sense of social well-being. Several authors have investigated the psychodynamic problems in persons suffering from epilepsy (Hoare & Kerly, 1992; Krakow, Buhler, & Haltenhof, 1999). Adolescents with epilepsy had symptoms of depression to a greater extent than other adolescents (Dunn et al., 1999; Viberg et al., 1987). Yet, when quality of life was investigated in a group of people with epilepsy, the majority of whom had been free from seizure during the last 2 years, the reported quality of life was high (Jacoby, 1992). Similar results were reported in a study in which well-being in children with controlled epilepsy was compared with that of healthy children (Norrby, Carlsson, Beckung, & Nordholm, 1999). The results showed that the perceived well-being of the group of children with controlled epilepsy did not differ significantly from that of the age-matched control group.
Studies have reported that quality of life seems to be scored as a continuum in relation to seizure frequency (van Hout et al., 1997; Malmgren, Sullivan, Akstedt, Kullberg, & Kumlien, 1997). However, another study with adolescents showed that quality of life is connected more with the participants' experience of the epilepsy than with the objective symptoms (Galletti et al., 1998). The adolescents' attitudes toward having seizures and their satisfaction with family relationships were associated with significant depression (Dunn et al., 1999). In contrast, most of the adolescents Westbrook, Bauman, and Shinnar (1992) investigated did not appear to feel stigmatized by their epilepsy. A majority (69%) said that having epilepsy did not affect whether they were invited to go out on dates or their willingness to attend a party, and 89% believed that people with epilepsy could have sexual relationships just like people without epilepsy. But adolescents with epilepsy who felt stigmatized by their disorder were more likely to report low self-esteem than adolescents who did not feel stigmatized (Westbrook et al.).
Coping is a way of handling stress and can involve problem solving, emotional coping, or both. Lazarus (1981) developed a cognitive model of stress and coping in which the individual appraisal of the stressful situation is central. The interpretation of what is stressful depends on previous experiences. Lazarus and Folkman (1984) constructed the Ways of Coping Questionnaire with the intent of studying coping processes. They discerned eight coping dimensions: confrontation, distancing, self-control, social support, acceptance of responsibility, escape, problem solving, and reappraisal. A rigid or selective use of coping behaviors usually inhibits functional coping. Although we did not use an instrument in this study because of the small number of participants, we focused on the adolescents' use of coping behaviors.
Antonovsky's (1987) Theory of Sense of Coherence, which has been applied to adolescents with epilepsy involves three core dimensions: comprehensibility, manageability, and meaningfulness. Comprehensibility is the tendency to expect the world to be ordered, structured, and clear. Manageability involves not only expecting the demands posed by problems to be manageable but also searching out appropriate resources. Meaningfulness, which Antonovsky considered to be the most important component, is the tendency to see life as being meaningful, which can encourage an individual to confront problems. It is likely that an individual's sense of coherence can affect his or her level of coping and choice of coping strategies.
Temkin and Davis (1984) showed a strong association between daily stressful events and perceived stress levels and greater seizure frequency. People with epilepsy have consistently reported the importance of lifestyle in the precipitation of seizures; 80%-93% stated that emotional stress precipitated their seizures (Legion, 1991). Deviation from healthy routines was cited by 42%. Conversely, when people were asked when they would not have seizures, the most important factor mentioned was lack of stress. Physical activity and stimulating occupation often reduced seizures (Aquilonius & Fagius, 1997). Controlled experiments with relaxation training for people with epilepsy yielded a seizure reduction in the range of 49%-66% (Dahl, Melin, & Lund, 1987; Whitman, Dell, Legion, Eibhlyn, & Statsinger, 1990). This finding suggests that behavior patterns in general and stress in particular are important seizure-inducing factors. Alcohol also may increase risk of seizures. The interaction between alcohol and antiepileptic drugs and epilepsy is complex and hard to predict (Hedstrand, 2002). Some adolescents believed it was dangerous to combine medication with alcohol and passed one or two doses in order to drink (Dehlin, 2000).
Side effects of antiepileptic drugs, such as fatigue, anxiety, and difficulties with concentration or disturbances in behavior, affect many children (Dehlin, 2000). Taking medications regularly was a burden for people with epilepsy, regardless of their age (Galletti et al., 1998; Krakow et al., 1999).
Berg Kelly (1998) suggested it was, in a sense, healthy that older adolescents experimented with their treatment. When they tried to end the medication, some found that they coped without the medication and that they felt fine. However, for a larger group the disease was too disturbing, and they went back to the medication and were motivated to continue treatment.
Epilepsy is neither visible nor noticeable in social interactions--as long as no conspicuous seizures occur. Therefore, people with epilepsy can control whether and how to inform others about their disease, in contrast with people who have visible impairments. The circle of informed persons around the adolescent tended to be very limited (Troster, 1997). The diagnosis was generally known only in the close family setting and among a few trusted friends. People with epilepsy appeared to be very careful in selecting those whom they informed about their disease, and they strove to keep this group as small and manageable as possible.
During puberty it is important to be like one's peers and to do the same things that others of the same age are doing. Some adolescents had problems telling their friends because they were afraid of losing their position in the group (Dehlin, 2000). When Westbrook et al. (1992) investigated 64 adolescents, a majority of them (78%) said that at least some of their friends knew they had epilepsy. Voluntary disclosure appeared to be the most common way of telling others (65%). Only 19% reported that they disclosed their epilepsy because they had a seizure in public and had to explain what happened, and only 16% said that someone else usually informed about the disease. Most of them (70%) rarely or never talked to others about their epilepsy (Westbrook et al.).
The prevalence of epilepsy in children in Sweden is 5 per 1,000 children, and epilepsy is more common in males. The prognosis is often good, and in 70%-80% of the cases the epilepsy disappears during the adolescent period. About one in three children with epilepsy is mentally retarded, and every fourth child has cerebral palsy. In those cases the epilepsy was often intractable (Aquilonius & Fagius, 1997).
Epilepsy has been surrounded with prejudices and legal restrictions. As late as 1969 there was a law in Sweden that forbade people with epilepsy to marry. At this time it was also common for people with epilepsy to be institutionalized (Lindberg & Lagercrantz, 1999).
Sample and Setting
Thirteen adolescents, 13-19 years old, who had been diagnosed with epilepsy for at least 1 year and were on antiepileptic drug therapy participated in the study. Exclusion criteria were adolescents with mental retardation or cerebral palsy. Primarily generalized epilepsy was present in eight and localized epilepsy in five of the adolescents. Ten of the participants were girls. Characteristics of the study participants are shown in Table 1. Because it is not uncommon for an individual with epilepsy to have more than one type of seizure, participants were categorized according to the most frequent seizures experienced. The study was performed in southern Sweden at the pediatric department at a university hospital. Letters were sent to all adolescents who fulfilled the criteria and also had an appointment with the pediatric epilepsy nurse at the pediatric department during the first quarter of 2001. The adolescents were requested to respond with an enclosed stamped letter. This procedure was offered to 20 adolescents, 13 of whom chose to participate.
Data Collection
An interview manual with 12 open-ended questions was developed and reviewed by the pediatric epilepsy nurse and two pediatric nurses. The manual covered questions that caught the adolescents' lived experiences of epilepsy; how they coped with different leisure activities, their sleep rhythm, alcohol use, school work, and medication; and informing others about the disease. Some examples of questions included, "What is it like to have epilepsy?" "Are you able to do what you want?" "What may happen during a seizure?" Semistructured interviews (Polit & Hungler, 1999) were conducted from September to November 2001 and tape-recorded. Two pilot interviews were performed to increase validity and reliability. Both adolescents who participated in these were informed of the purpose of the test interviews, and they were encouraged to give their thoughts about the content and setting of the interview. The interview manual did not change after the pilot interviews. Each interview lasted 30-60 minutes. The interviews were performed in the home of the adolescent in seven cases and at the hospital in six cases. The adolescents chose the location. The whole text of each recording was transcribed verbatim and contained not only the interviewees' statements but also laughter and pauses, among other things.
The strength of a qualitative approach is that it often generates discoveries in few but well-penetrated cases (Kvale, 1997). Because the purpose of this study was to describe lived experience of epilepsy in adolescents and their coping with the disease, a qualitative approach was preferred (Dahlberg, 1997) to produce a detailed and systematic recording of the themes and issues addressed in the interviews and to link them within a reasonably exhaustive category system with content analysis (Burnard, 1996). In manifest content analysis the researcher looks for words, phrases, descriptions, and terms in the transcript that are important to the context (Field & Morse, 1998). Latent content analysis means that each passage is reviewed within the context of the entire text to identify the major intents and significant meanings (Woods & Cantanzaro, 1988). In this study, we used both latent and manifest content analyses, because they complemented each other. Latent content analysis demands the preunderstanding of the researcher. Eklund's preunderstanding was related to having conducted the interviews and having 3 years' experience working as a registered nurse with adolescents with epilepsy on a pediatric neurology ward. She is also engaged in the pediatric department's cross-professional network with the aim of improving the care of adolescents at the hospital. Sivberg has experience in the field of epilepsy connected to children with autistic spectrum disorders.
Stages of Analysis
Transcripts were analyzed according to the 14 stages described in Burnard (1991).
Stages 1-3. Notes were made after each interview about the topics talked about in the interview. Transcripts were read through several times and notes made, throughout the reading, on general themes. Headings were written down to describe all aspects of the content. This stage is known as "open coding" and is described in Table 2.
Stages 4-5. The list of headings is surveyed and grouped together under higher order categories. The texts were read through several times to get a sense of the whole and to apprehend essential features of the texts. The major intents and the significant meanings were interpreted.
Stage 6. Two colleagues with more than 10 years of experience working as pediatric nurses with adolescents with epilepsy were invited to generate category systems from two interview transcripts, independently and without seeing the researchers' list. The codes immediately converged on the three lists. The lists of headings and categories had to be discussed before final agreement was reached. The model (Fig 1) was developed during those discussions. The aim of this stage was to attempt to enhance the validity of the categorizing method and to guard against researcher bias.
Stages 7-10. Transcripts were reread alongside the final agreed upon list of categories and headings to establish the degree to which the categories cover all aspects of the interviews.
Stage 11. Two respondents were asked to check the appropriateness of the category system by listening to their own transcripts. Eklund asked, "Does this quotation fit into this category?" Both respondents accepted the category system, and they said, "This is exactly the way it is."
Stages 12-14. During the write-up process we referred to the original tape recordings and to the "complete" transcripts of the interviews. In this way, it was possible to stay closer to original meanings and contexts.
Prospective participants were sent letters with information about the purpose of the study, and the adolescents were asked to give their consent to participate in an interview. For the adolescents younger than 18 years the approval of the parents was also needed (Beauchamp & Childress, 2001). No medical records were used. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the medical faculty, Lund University (LU 311-01).
The adolescents described strains due to the epilepsy and strategies to cope with those strains. The lived experiences of strains influenced the coping strategies and vice versa.
Experience of Strains
All the respondents described strains that they believed to be linked with their epilepsy. The strains were seizures, limitation of leisure activity, side effects of medication, and feelings of being different.
Though most of the adolescents were sad when they learned of the diagnosis, some of them were relieved to have a label on what they had experienced. Two girls with absence seizures experienced seizures 1-3 years before they were diagnosed, and said they wished that they had been diagnosed earlier.
They told me not to daydream. I didn't know what they had talked about, it was terrible...I was afraid of making a fool of myself, you know, it must look stupid. I almost thought it was embarrassing because I didn't remember anything of what they talked about. --Interview 4, female 17 years The adolescents vividly expressed their seizure experiences, though several adolescents said seizures were hard to describe to those who did not have epilepsy. I get absolutely stiff, it turns into dark, and I can't breathe. --Interview 2, female 15 years I was talking and suddenly my arms started to shake and I fell off the chair on the floor. It turned dark and I don't remember anything more until I woke up at the hospital. It was horrible. --Interview 13, male 14 years
The adolescents had to deal with several difficult situations linked with seizures. They described anxiety about experiencing seizures in the future, about embarrassing themselves during seizure, getting hurt during seizure, and losing control of the body.
I disgrace myself during the seizures. That is awkward. Throwing things around, not being conscious about it, and saying strange things. It's no fun to have fits among others. --Interview 8, female, 18 years
After a generalized seizure, the respondents described an enormous tiredness, muscular pain, and headache. They may have saliva running, bitten their tongue, and hurt their body in a fall. After absence seizures it was often difficult to concentrate and understand what was going on. It was described as a bad and strange feeling of not knowing what had happened.
All the adolescents knew that there was a chance that the epilepsy might disappear in adolescence, and all of them wished this would happen. Some of them had already learned that the epilepsy had not disappeared, which was very disappointing.
Side Effects of Medication
The adolescents were aware of the good effects of the antiepileptic drugs. Most of them found it important to take the medication regularly, because they knew it decreased the risk of seizures. However, several adolescents described side effects from the medications, such as tiredness, a sleeping disorder, concentration difficulties, and memory impairment. A girl said that it was as if she had been asleep during all her primary school years. But sometimes it was not clear whether the symptoms were caused by the epilepsy or by the medication.
Some adolescents had the feeling that they just had to accept the side effects, and that they could not do anything about it.
Sometimes I sleep a lot and then I'm too tired to do anything. It is especially at school I sometimes feel tired, ! would like to go home to bed. But I go on working. I can't do anyth46ing else. --Interview 5, male, 13 years
Both appetite change and weight gain were described. The adolescents also expressed having a problem regulating the dose of the antiepileptic drugs during adolescence.
I got one antiepileptic drug the first 1 1/2 years. But it had too many side effects, you get very hungry, and I gained 28 pounds. It was very hard. Then we changed to another one a year ago. When I started with this one, once at work, everything started to turn around and my eyes were bloodshot and everything turned strange and I have never felt it like that before. And we went to the hospital and another doctor decreased it to the half of the dose, and it disappeared. The dose had been too high. --Interview 7, female, 17 years
Other respondents reported hair loss, breathlessness, visual disorder, and dizziness. One female wondered about fertility in relation to the medication and another wondered whether her late menarche had anything to do with the medication.
Limitation of Leisure Activities
All adolescents described limitations of leisure activity. They talked about the need to take care of themselves (e.g., taking their medication regularly, maintaining regular sleeping habits and meals, and not being alone in situations that may be risky). They also described frustration about not being able to do things their peers do, such as driving a moped or obtaining a driver's license.
One girl claimed that she was never allowed to be alone, though most of the adolescents reported special events, such as swimming, when they chose not to be alone because of the epilepsy. Several adolescents reported that they more commonly had seizures when they drank alcohol or when they were exposed to flashing lights, such as at a disco or in front of the television or the computer. Some of them refrained from going to discos or drinking alcohol, but none of them ceased watching television or working with the computer.
The adolescents reported limitation of special activities that affected them, for example, avoiding swimming competitions, bathing alone, riding on horseback, cycling without a helmet, or going skiing. Some of them also reported that they are not allowed to stay outdoors as long as their friends.
I am not allowed to go out by myself, not even with friends, Mum wants to come with us. And I am not allowed to bike without a helmet so that I won't fall in the middle of the street. --Interview 2, female, 15 years I think of the driving license most of all. It will take a long time before I'll get my driving license. And I'm not allowed to have driving practice like everybody else. But I go with my dad to car races. I do the repair work on the car. --Interview 10, male, 18 years
Feelings of Being Different
Though most adolescents wanted to be seen like any other teenager, all expressed feelings of being different. Some adolescents thought they would have made friends more easily if they did not have epilepsy. Several of them pondered the hereditary nature of epilepsy. Feelings of injustice about having contracted epilepsy were common. There were also adolescents who felt discriminated against at school because they thought the teachers were afraid of the seizures.
And if you had been away from school, ill or something like that, all the teachers ask, "Has it to do with your epilepsy?" I have to tell them it's all right. It is as if they became scared. They don't have to be. It is as if they didn't get enough information about it. I suppose it would be easier if they had more information, the school nurse could inform them. --Interview 4, female, 17 years
Several interviewees expressed hope that the epilepsy would disappear. Some had been informed that the epilepsy would not disappear, invoking a great strain on them.
Several adolescents expressed how difficult it was to tell their schoolmates and teachers about their epilepsy. Several respondents also said that one reason for the experience of being different was the general lack of knowledge about epilepsy in society. The adolescents reported anxiety about having seizures at school, because there was a risk of embarrassing oneself.
Taking medication may also be a sign of being different, according to some adolescents. It was a burden to take the medication for a whole lifetime and also a burden to be forced to take care of oneself and to think about one's health more than other peers of the same age do. Fear of future seizures caused sleeping disturbances and anxiety for some respondents. One female did not tell her mother when she got the seizures, because she found it embarrassing, and another girl thought she was stupid before she understood it was absence seizures.
Some of the respondents had thoughts about what they would have been like without the epilepsy.
I think it is more difficult for those who have diseases to make friends, they feel more alone and as invisible persons. --Interview 2, female, 15 years The son of a friend of my father has epilepsy. But the boy doesn't seem to have any seizures. I think that's unfair. He doesn't have seizures, but I have. He can never understand my situation. He seems to live a normal life. --Interview 12, female, 15 years
Coping Strategies
All the respondents used strategies to cope with the strains. The strategies described were about finding support, feelings of control, and experimenting.
Finding Support
The largest amount of interview data was about support, including emotional and practical support from parents, siblings, teachers, health professionals, other adults, but, in particular, peers. The adolescents had different strategies for getting help from the people around them. The adolescents spent most of the time at school, where people knew of their epilepsy.
There were several ways in which other people found out about the epilepsy: through voluntary disclosure, by witnessing a seizure, or by someone else informing them about it (e.g., mother, teacher, school nurse, pediatric epilepsy nurse). Besides the diagnosis, information was given about what to do in case of a seizure. The adolescents wanted people around them to stay during a seizure and to give shelter. One boy wanted someone to call for an ambulance immediately. All the adolescents knew that it was not recommended to put anything in the mouth during a seizure. It gave them a sense of relief to know that most of the people around them had cell phones. Only one participant wore the symbol of epilepsy, the burning light.
My mother always wanted to keep it in the family. She didn't want the school to know. But to me it wasn't hard. I think it's better people know. So I told my teacher at school. --Interview 6, female, 19 years I talked to my friends and tried to make them understand. But it is hard when you don't know what to say. It is hard to explain. But they were always there, in some way. They tried to understand. They listened. --Interview 7, female, 17 years Grandmother visits us almost every day. But she hardly ever has seizures. But we talk about it a lot. She is the only one who knows how it feels. She and I understand each other, because we have the same experiences. --Interview 8, female, 18 years
Being in Control
A feeling of being in control was important for reducing anxiety. The adolescents had sufficient knowledge of the importance of taking medication regularly and sleeping enough. Several adolescents also experienced a link between seizure frequency and stress and diet. Some adolescents actively searched for information and wrote papers at school about epilepsy. These activities seemed to increase their self-confidence because they spoke proudly about it. Most of the adolescents had little or no knowledge of epilepsy when they received the diagnosis, but none of them wished that they had known earlier. A positive attitude strengthened the feelings of control, such as, "I'm like everybody else. I take my epilepsy medication while others take aspirins."
I won't get seizures when I'm active. --Interview 10, male, 18 years
Some adolescents discovered new things, which they would not have done without the epilepsy; this gives a feeling of meaning.
I have learned not to judge people too fast, my teachers for example .... I've got such a perspective about what is important in life. --Interview 3, female, 17 years
Routines helped to maintain a feeling of control, such as installing an alarm on the cell phone as a reminder to take the medication.
I take my medication without thinking. That has been a habit. ! carry it with me in my daily life. --Interview 7, female, 17 years
Relating to others who may have more severe diseases also makes the feeling of control stronger.
I have the bigger seizures once a month. I have four or five smaller ones every day. People think that is a lot, but I think that it's medium. Sometimes I have a lot and sometimes I have a few. I think it's quite a little, but the health professionals think it's quite a lot. --Interview 12, female, 15 years
A feeling of having possibilities of influencing the situation was also important.
I have changed doctors now. We didn't get on very well, I told my mother. My mother is a nurse, and he only talked to her and used hospital language, and I sat there and didn't understand a thing. --Interview 7,female, 17 years I'm often tired at school. I try to lean against the wall. I tell the teacher and ask if I can bring the school work home with me. --Interview 13, male, 14 years
The adolescents described how they skipped medication, drank alcohol, or slept or ate too little. They experienced having too much stress and of being at a disco with flashing lights and traveling with friends. All the boys and some of the girls said they knew that playing with the computer too many hours may cause them seizures, but they still wanted to play. By testing, they learned the effects. The results differed. Adolescents who got difficult seizures after skipping medication said that they handled the pills perfectly now. Most of the older teenagers said that they drank alcohol, but they had learned to drink moderately and to take the medication as usual. Some had experienced seizures linked to alcohol.
I drink like everybody else .... I try to sleep quite a lot. But this weekend I had a friend visiting, and I have slept 4 hours every night, but I try to compensate for it and sleep a lot now instead. --Interview 6, female, 19 years I couldn't watch television or play games on the PC too long. I knew that ! would get seizures. But I did it anyway. --Interview 10, male, 18 years I hadn't been taking my medication for a while. My parents were away and they used to remind me. I forgot to take it for 1 1/2 days. And I didn't sleep much, and I didn't eat well. I'd been out the night before. In the morning I got an epileptic seizure. I was completely out and shaky. It was a major seizure. It felt as if it was my own fault. If I had taken good care of myself, it wouldn't have happened. Now I'm very careful. --Interview 11, female, 18 years
Relationship Between Strains and Coping
The lived experiences of strains influenced the coping strategies and vice versa. The coping strategies influenced each other as well, as shown in Fig 1. With great experiences of strains, the feeling of control decreased. The adolescents who reported a low feeling of control also said that they wished for more support. Adolescents who frequently talked about anxiety and shame about their seizures also said that they wished they had more friends. In some cases adolescents were exposed to harassment. For those adolescents adults were very important. They mentioned parents, teachers, other significant adults, and health professionals. The pediatric epilepsy nurse was often mentioned, not only as a direct support to the adolescents, but also as informative support to the teachers. The adolescents who said they felt that they had good support from the people around them also indicated a high feeling of control. They had peers with whom they felt confident, but they also experienced support from adults.
The adolescents who experimented with their coping strategies often had a feeling of control. At an appropriate dose, their experimenting with coping strengthened the feeling of control, because the adolescents actively investigated how they were influenced by the different coping behaviors.
Adolescents reported how they were shocked and afraid when they discovered what happened when they skipped medication or drank alcohol, but they also reported they had learned something important from the situation. But if the experimenting went too far, the feeling of control was lost, and the strains of epilepsy they experienced became severe.
Experimenting was also connected with support. The most important support came from parents and friends. If parents had exercised most of the control of the epilepsy treatment during childhood, it was natural that this responsibility was transferred during the adolescent period. To understand what this new responsibility for themselves meant, they experimented. It was also a way of separating from their parents.
To be accepted by a group of friends was important, as was participating in the kinds of activities in which their peers engage. This also led to experimenting behaviors, such as drinking alcohol or staying out late.
Those adolescents who had sufficient support from friends and adults, and who had experimented with the treatment and learned from the consequences, tended to have the fewest experiences of strains. They experienced a high feeling of control. They had accepted that in some situations they had to adapt to the epilepsy, and they felt like any other teenager. They had the ability to relate their own situation to that of others, and to say to themselves that it could have been worse. The frequency and type of seizure were often, but not always, important. Infrequent and minor seizures invoked fewer experiences of strains than frequent, major seizures.
Though epilepsy is more common in males (Aquilonius & Fagius, 1997), in this study only three of the 13 participants were male. However, this was the case in the included group, because only four of the 20 adolescents who had contact with the pediatric epilepsy nurse during the first quarter of 2001 were male. Of the seven adolescents who did not participate, five were 17-18 years old, one was 12, and one was 14. They did not give a reason why but one female wrote that she was going abroad for 1 year and therefore could not participate and another female could not participate for family reasons. Reasons for the other five not participating may have been personal. It may be asked whether the 13 participants were representative of adolescents with epilepsy and whether the transferability (Guba, 1981) of the result was limited by this fact. Still, the participants gave a rich variety of experiences of epilepsy. Talking about the lived experiences of epilepsy may be a coping strategy in itself.
Sexuality is a main issue in adolescence. However, this issue was not included in the interview manual, because the interview setting offered only one appointment. None of the adolescents spontaneously spoke about sexuality. Also, none of the six adolescents with generalized seizures mentioned experiences of getting medication rectally or wetting themselves during seizures, which may be especially harmful in adolescence; this experience may be considered too embarrassing to speak about.
Galletti et al. (1998) found that Italian adolescents with epilepsy experienced discrimination at school. In this study, adolescents thought that teachers should be more understanding and that the school should be better adjusted to them, providing, for example, a relaxing room. The findings also correspond to those of earlier studies about negative societal attitudes and the need for extended knowledge in society (Gordon & Sillanpaa, 1997; Jensen & Dam, 1992).
The findings of this study correspond with those in the literature about seizure frequencies and lifestyles (Aquilonius & Fagius, 1997; Legion, 1991; Temkin & Davis, 1984). The majority of the adolescents in this study were aware of the link between seizure on one hand and stress, physical activity, alcohol, sleep, and diet on the other hand. For further investigation it would be of interest to examine the effect of relaxation training (Dahl et al., 1987; Whitman et al., 1990) in adolescents.
Experimenting behavior may be healthy according to both Berg Kelly (1998)and this study. Berg Kelly wrote that someone who has not experimented with the medical treatment has not fully understood the treatment.
Most participants experienced a concordance between the severity of the seizures and their well-being. This finding was also the case in the studies of van Hout et al. (1997) and Malmgren et al. (1997). Surprisingly some participants did not have this experience. Despite the severity of their seizures, they had a fairly high sense of well-being because of their attitudes to the disease. These attitudes included, "My situation is better than many others and I get support from my friends." This kind of reappraisal was also found in the study of Galletti et al. (1998).
The findings of Troster (1997) that adolescents with epilepsy strove to keep the circle of informed persons small and manageable correspond quite well to the findings in this study, but the adolescents here had different strategies to inform others about the epilepsy. Most of them told their closest friends, but those who suspected that the whole class would know anyway because of frequent seizures often informed their classmates. Voluntary disclosure was most common both here and in Westbrook's study (1992).
The eight coping dimensions mentioned by Lazarus and Folkman (1984) were identified in the findings. The most frequently mentioned coping strategy was finding support, which corresponds well with Lazarus and Folkman's dimension of social support.
The dimensions of confrontation, distancing, problem solving, and escape correspond with experimenting in the findings here. To confront the disease means to challenge it and to learn the consequences of juggling the treatment. Problem solving is, for example, how to inform others of the epilepsy. Distancing is a mental strategy of pretending as if one does not have epilepsy, and escape may be to drink alcohol and forget the disease.
Finally, self-control, acceptance of responsibility, and reappraisal correspond with feelings of being in control. Self-control is a set of functional routines, such as how to medicate. Accepting responsibility is taking care of oneself (e.g., eating and sleeping regularly). Reappraisal means relating oneself to others and understanding that others may have a worse situation, and that though the situation is difficult, one has the possibility to cope with it.
All the adolescents said the experience of being like anyone else and being seen as a normal person was important, though all of them also described feelings of being different. They spoke a lot about, on the one hand, having a disease that demanded restrictions and, on the other hand, having the feeling of invulnerability, which is common in adolescence. The adolescents tried to find meaningfulness corresponding to the Theory of Sense of Coherence (Antonovsky, 1987). The adolescents strove to make their situation comprehensible and manageable by talking about it. This means that they have a great need for social support, especially from their peers, but also from parents, teachers, and health professionals. Some adolescents had found a meaning in the experience of epilepsy, because they had gained valuable insights and found themselves more mature than peers of the same age.
This sample was too small to allow an empirical examination of the effect of different types of coping strategies on self-esteem. However, this would be an interesting task for a future investigation. Living with epilepsy means living with risks. Seizures are hard to predict, and even if medication and lifestyle influence seizure frequency, the risk of having a seizure is still present. Therefore, more research about functional coping is needed to give relief to adolescents with epilepsy.
Implications for Practice
Adolescents who had sufficient support from friends and adults tended to experience less strain. This indicates that support from health professionals and teachers is very important to increasing the adolescent's feeling of control. In this case, the pediatric epilepsy nurse and the school nurse are very important. The pediatric epilepsy nurse should make contact with the school and inform teachers and classmates about epilepsy. Another recommendation is to arrange camps at which adolescents with epilepsy have the chance to meet and learn from one another; this would lessen the feeling of being different.
All the adolescents described strains due to the epilepsy, and all had developed strategies to cope with the strains. The strains were about having seizures, limiting leisure activity, experiencing side effects of medication, and feeling different. The coping strategies described were finding support, feeling in control, and experimenting. The adolescents gave proof of great creativeness and inner strength in the way they met those difficult situations.
Table 1. Characteristics of Study Participants Absence Generalized Seizures Seizures Characteristic (n = 5) (n = 8) Gender Female 4 6 Male 1 2 Duration of epilepsy 1-5 years 2 5 6-10 years 1 1 > 10 years 2 2 Seizure frequency Frequent (several per month) 2 1 Moderate (several per year) 0 4 Infrequent ([is less than or equal to] 2 per year) 3 3 Table 2. Open Coding Extract from Interview 3 Codes All of those seizures I had during my Didn't dare to leave the period, so next month during my period I house didn't dare to leave the house. But I felt such a relief when my period was over and I hadn't had any seizures. Now I have it under control. If I eat Knowledge about seizure properly and sleep and don't rush, control and lifestyle I'll be spared from seizures. But then I was to go on vacation with my Worries about spoiling friends last summer, and I was worried a trip with friends and thought that I would spoil the trip. But they said, of course, you should Friends encourage me come with us. to join them I was afraid that I couldn't be with them; Worries about not being I had to sleep a lot and not drink, able to be together with friends But I rested a lot in the daytime, and Sleeping in the daytime went out with the others at night, and instead of at night that went well. Extract from Interview 3 Headings All of those seizures I had during my Limitation of activity period, so next month during my period I didn't dare to leave the house. But I felt such a relief when my period was over and I hadn't had any seizures. Now I have it under control. If I eat Feeling of control properly and sleep and don't rush, I'll be spared from seizures. But then I was to go on vacation with my Feeling of being different friends last summer, and I was worried and thought that I would spoil the trip. But they said, of course, you should Support come with us. I was afraid that I couldn't be with them; Feeling of being different I had to sleep a lot and not drink, But I rested a lot in the daytime, and Experimenting went out with the others at night, and that went well.
We thank Anita Mandahl, RN, Birgitta Qvarnstrom, RN, and Eva Dehlin, RN, pediatric epilepsy nurse, for their comments on this article. This project was supported by grants from Sodra Sveriges Sjukskoterskehem.
Antonovsky, A. (1987). Unraveling the mystery of health. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Aquilonius, S.M., & Fagius, J. (1997). Neurologi. (Neurology). Falkoping: Liber.
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Burnard, P. (1996). Teaching the analysis of textual data: An experiential approach. Nurse Education Today, 16, 278-281.
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Dehlin, E. (2000). Anfallssjukdomar. [Seizure illnesses]. In M.E. Mansson, & K. Enskar (eds.), Pediatrisk vard och specifik omvardnad. [Pediatric care and specific nursing] (pp. 251-272). Lund: Studentlitteratur.
Dunn, D.W., Austin, J.K., & Huster, G.A. (1999). Symptoms of depression on adolescents with epilepsy. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38, 1132-1138.
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Galletti, F., Rinna, A., & Acquafondata, C. (1998). An insight into children's and adolescents' experience of seizures and epilepsy. Seizure, 7, 309-316.
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Hedstrand, A.G. (2002). FASS Lakemedel i Sverige. [Pharmaceutical specialties in Sweden]. Kungsbacka: Elanders.
Hoare, P., & Kerly, S. (1992.) Helping parents and children with epilepsy cope successfully: The outcome of a group programme for parents. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 36, 759-767.
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Jacoby, A. (1992). Epilepsy and the quality of everyday life: Findings from a study of people with well-controlled epilepsy. Social Science and Medicine, 34, 657-666.
Jenson, R., & Dam, M. (1992). Public attitudes towards epilepsy in Denmark. Epilepsia, 2, 459-463.
Krakow, K., Buhler, K.E., & Haltenhof, H. (1999). Coping with refractory epilepsy. Seizure, 8, 111-115.
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Norrby, U., Carlsson, J., Beckung, E., & Nordholm, L. (1999). Self-assessment of well-being in a group of children with epilepsy. Seizure, 8, 228-234.
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van Hout, B., Gagnon, D., Soutre, E., Ried, S., Remy, C., Baker, G., et al. (1997). Relationship between seizure frequency and costs and quality of life of outpatients with partial epilepsy in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. Epilepsia, 38, 1221-1226.
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Questions or comments about this article may be directed to: Pernilla Garmy Eklund, MPH RN, by phone at 46 46 178062 or by e-mail at email@example.com. She is a registered nurse in the department of pediatrics, neurology section, at Lund University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.
Bengt Sivberg, PhD, is an associate professor in the department of nursing at Lund University.
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Title Annotation: | neuroscience nursing research; includes statistical tables |
Author: | Eklund, Pernilla Garmy; Sivberg, Bengt |
Publication: | Journal of Neuroscience Nursing |
Geographic Code: | 4EUSW |
Date: | Feb 1, 2003 |
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Please meet Nakia Laushaul, author of THE TRUTH AS I SEE IT: IN POETRY & PROSE & 2010 BWRC "Write Some Cents Into It" Workshop Presenter. Nakia joins us to discuss the Black Writers Reunion & Conference and the life-changing impact it's had on her along with news on her new and upcoming titles.
When did you attend your first BWRC and what motivated you to attend?
After two years of putting it off, I decided that 2009 would be the year I'd attend BWRC, and I did. I've known my entire life that I wanted to be a writer. The talent to tell an entertaining story was God given. I knew I was good enough to be published, but that was where it ended for me. I needed guidance to figure out the publishing industry. There was no more time to delay my dreams any further; BWRC seemed to have every course I needed. I was tired of looking at the pics on the site from the conference and wishing I had gone. June 2009 I headed off to Las Vegas to attend BWRC.
What is your most memorable BWRC moment?
I cornered Venise Berry (what a saint!) one morning and got her to read an excerpt from my unfinished novel, RUNNING FROM SOLACE. I thought she was going to flip with praise over my work. Boy, was I wrong. She immediately went into critique mode and ripped almost every sentence apart. Call me crazy, but through my tears a new fire ignited inside me and I was ready to breathe new life into my work. Since then, I have thrown out the entire manuscript and started over. RUNNING FROM SOLACE will be better than good, it will be great!
Have you networked with anyone at the conference and has that contact continued?
From the moment I arrived in Las Vegas until my plane soared in the air headed back to Houston, I got to know the other conference attendees. I met so many kindred spirits at the conference and there are a few that I am in constant contact with (Monique D. Mensah, Marguerite Benjamin Parker, and Cherlisa Richardson). Whenever I come across a dilemma or if I am at a crossroads a BWRC peep is only an email, text, or phone call away. Writers helping writers is what BWRC is about and that help spreads far beyond the actual conference site.
Has attending BWRC helped you accomplish any writing goals?
As I mentioned previously, I knew my writing was good enough to be published. Since BWRC, I am now a published author. THE TRUTH AS I SEE IT: IN POETRY & PROSE is in print, baby—it's a book! Everything I needed to know to get my book in print I learned at BWRC or through a BWRC contact. I soaked up so much knowledge at the conference that when I returned home I worked day and night like a madwoman putting into practice what I'd learned.
Tell us about your book and other achievements since joining the BWRC family?
Aside from starting up a publishing company, Serendipity Bound Books, to self-publishing my very stimulating collection of work, THE TRUTH AS I SEE IT: IN POETRY & PROSE, I have been very busy. I now sit on the Board of Directors for a non-profit, KCCP, which is dedicated to enhancing art appreciation in at-risk youth. I will be facilitating a course at the next BWRC, "Write Some Cents Into It," giving attendees a financial run-down on how to run a writing hobby as a business. I am also working to finish my novel, RUNNING FROM SOLACE.
What would you say about BWRC to influence someone who's thinking about attending?
Can you imagine being in a room surrounded by people that have the same love and high regard for writing as you? Before BWRC, I never imagined such a place either, but it exists. Come experience it for yourself. Don't sit at home another year and wish you were in those pics on the BWRC website learning and laughing. We find the time and resources to do so many other things in life that will bring a fraction of the amount of gratification this conference will, so don't let that be your excuse. Don't worry about being lonely when you get there; it won't be long before you become one of the family. Click Registration and prepare to walk into your future. I can't wait to meet you at the next conference!
Where can someone get more information about your book or purchase a copy?
My book is currently being sold on my website, www.nakiarlaushaul.com, and will be available very soon through Amazon, BarnesandNoble.com, and other online retailers as well as at this year's conference in Atlanta. Stay updated through my blog, Random Rants of Truth of a Social Butterfly or friend me on FaceBook. Join my Facebook fan page. Go to YouTube and check out the video for The Truth As I See It, featuring a hip rendition of one of my poems, "Brink of Submission."
About THE TRUTH AS I SEE IT: IN POETRY & PROSE:
Nakia Laushaul poetically gathered myths and misconceptions about life that threaten to hold the heart captive into her first bound collection titled: THE TRUTH AS I SEE IT: IN POETRY & PROSE. She expresses her views of The Truth about Me and You, Love, God, and Life in powerful poems that make the truth look painfully simple and prose that tenderly draws you into the world as she sees it. THE TRUTH AS I SEE IT: IN POETRY & PROSE beautifully fuses together the key elements to living life more freely. Out of pain and anger comes healing. Out of despair and disappointment comes hope. Out of the darkness of lies comes the truth.


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Arizona House OKs bill requiring warrants for drones
PHOENIX -- An Arizona House panel has given initial approval Wednesday to a bill requiring state and local law enforcement agencies to get search warrants before using unmanned aircraft to gather evidence in a civil or criminal case.
The bill, sponsored by Republican Rep. Tom Forese of Chandler, was prompted by civil liberties concerns raised by the possible use of drones by law enforcement agencies.
The bill contains exemptions allowing drone use without a warrant. One comes into play if the federal Department of Homeland Security determines drones are needed to prevent a terrorist attack. The other kicks in when swift action is needed to prevent an escape, evidence destruction or imminent danger.
The bill passed the House Commerce Committee and now goes to the full House after a routine review.
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The death and re-birth of #Twinkies
'Hey. Remember that one time when we all Tweeted about Twinkies? Ha ha, we're so stupid'
November 19, 2012
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Aaron Hutchins writes about education, business and the lives of Canadians. He once wrote a story about One Direction too, which makes him the resident boy band expert (reluctantly).


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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
Typographer.org today asked the type community to get involved and contribute to a new multi-voice weekly digest of typography news.
The posting to Typographer.org today reads:
Typographer.org (and.com) have been going for about five or so years now, and its time for a change of format once again.
But rather than a new design, or a change in content, I've decided it might be fun to move the site away from my ramblings into a wider community. As last year proved graphically, I no longer have the time to maintain the website as I originally intended to, but I still feel that the site can offer a worthwhile alternative to the other typography sites out there. But in order to keep the site current, and bring on some much needed diversity, I need a hand.
What I would like to achieve is to get a group of interested (and interesting) people to take it in turns to write a regular weekly digest. Ideally, you'll be known in the type community in some way, and have experience or interest in writing on matters type. I'd like to maintain the digest format, but I would also be interested in having longer, subject-specific works (such as the typography for on-screen usage article I wrote last year) integrated into the site more often.
So then, this is a call for submissions for those interested in contributing to the website. If there is interest, we can move forward and start to bring quality and worthwhile content to the type community once more. If not, well, so be it!
If you would like to be considered for a regular digest slot, please get in contact with me. I am thinking that 4 different voices including my own, taking weekly turns at the digest, would make for a jolly site. I'm also interested in those of you who would like to help write the longer subject-specific articles, and even those just interested in "filling in" from time to time with guest slots.
As people who appreciate the history of this site will know, it has always been a non-commercial site that has never featured advertising, advertorials or any other form of direct support from the commercial world. This means that, along with journalistic integrity, comes only the reward of contributing to our community. Thats a long way of saying that I can't afford to pay you, I dont make any money either, but neither will we need to temper our words for fear of commercial reprisal! The only thank you I can offer regular contributors is a voice on the site and a funky typographer.org email address (with a POP3 account) of your choice.
Interested parties, or those with comments on the idea in general, should email in at the address in the footer of this page.
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I recently discovered there were zebra available in Texas. Is that a guided hunt or can one go down there and hunt one without paying for a guided hunt?
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I would bet it's a guided hunt.
Texas is Big but has little to no Public Lands as other western states have. All hunting of exotic animals are on pay to shoot private lands. You can call it guided, or simply shoot that one.
Why would you want to shoot a horse ?
When all else fails.
I was jus wondering if it would be a pay to hunt deal or public.
The only thing you might be able to shoot for free is hogs, they are a major league problem that has moved across the lower Southern states and over running some areas. Yet, guided can be rather loosely translated...60 Minutes did a good job representing both sides of the debate - more exotic species in TX than anywhere in the US. Should be availed on line. Don't imagine Zebra w be good eating but lions seem to like it.
Still don`t know why you would want to shoot a horse, are you french ?


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Consumer prices in January posted their biggest drop since 2008 as gasoline prices continued to tumble, while orders for durable goods rebounded.
Four-year low grain prices are turning landowners and tenant farmers against one another in a bid to keep their businesses alive.
U.S. consumer sentiment fell in February, dropping from an 11-year high, a survey released Friday by the University of Michigan shows.
Obama's budget fleshes out proposals from his State of the Union address and highlights Democratic priorities as the 2016 presidential campaign begins.
U.S. consumer spending slipped in December, as the pace of motor vehicle sales slowed and more Americans saved their money.
U.S. economic growth slowed sharply in the fourth quarter as weak business spending and a wider trade deficit offset increased consumer spending.
Durable goods orders fell again in December, a potential sign that slowing global growth and falling crude oil prices were starting to weigh on the economy.
The economy was growing at a moderate pace in December and early January, helped by gains in sales of consumer products, a boost in tourism and more.
America's family-owned businesses are thinking positive in 2015. A deeper look shows why that is correct, and possibly not.
A gauge of U.S. consumer spending unexpectedly fell in December as demand fell almost across the board, but that is probably not the start of a weak trend.
Holiday sales, cheap gas prices and low interest rates pushed U.S. auto sales to big gains in December, helping the industry close out a strong year.
The government also reported that consumer spending rose at the fastest pace in three months in November, while income posted the best gain in five months.
Despite an early start, sales data provided to the AP show that stores may once again have to rely on procrastinators to save the holiday shopping season.
Manufacturing output recorded its largest increase in nine months in November as production expanded across the board, pointing to strength in the economy.
Gas stations love low prices, too -- and not just because customers are nicer when they are paying less.
A new study suggests that states which allow same-sex marriages gain a strong economic benefit through spending on the event, tourism and tax revenue.
Consumer spending advanced at a brisk clip in November as lower gasoline prices gave the holiday shopping season a boost.
Growing opposition among Democrats and persistent opposition from the tea party Republicans has left a $1 trillion government-wide spending bill teetering.
The federal government's deficit for the first two months of the new budget year falls 21 percent from the same period a year ago in November.
Exposed to the light of day, a year-end, $1.1 trillion spending bill draws both vociferous objections from liberals and milder criticism from conservatives.
U.S. economic growth was far stronger than initially thought in the third quarter, pointing to strengthening fundamentals.
Manufacturing output rose in October, but a third straight month of declines in motor vehicle production suggested some slowdown in factory activity.
Wholesale inventories rose more that expected in September but the government revised downward its initial estimates for growth in stocks during August.
The U.S. trade deficit unexpectedly widened in September as exports hit a five-month low, suggesting economic fourth-quarter growth could be undercut.
Consumer spending fell in September for the first time in eight months, suggesting the economy lost some momentum heading into the fourth quarter.
A robust pace of business spending likely buoyed U.S. economic growth in the third quarter, a sign corporate chieftains have confidence in the recovery.
The Fed plans to keep a key interest rate at a record low to support a job market that isn't yet healthy and help lift inflation from unusually low levels.
Is the U.S. economy accelerating - finally? If it is, which sorts of Americans stand to benefit most? And why is it doing better than other major economies?
U.S. consumer confidence rebounded strongly in October, hitting a seven-year high as solid job gains raised expectations for economic growth.
Industrial production posted the biggest gain in nearly two years in September as factory activity rose and utilities output logged a weather related jump.
The government says the deficit for the just completed 2014 budget year was $483 billion, the lowest of President Barack Obama's six years in office.


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Dress Barn
"Best company in which to work and shop! "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I have been working at Dress Barn full-time (less than a year)
Sincere dedication to their mission to inspire women. Great upper management that gives everyone an opportunity to contribute ideas. Stylish clothes at great prices. Excellent benefits and work environment.
Still working to provide newer tools at the store level, such as hand scanners. Allowing store managers to adjust inventory levels by dept. would help us react to local trends.
Keep lines of communication open, invest in new technologies.
4 people found this helpful
"beware "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Dress Barn full-time (more than 10 years)
Prosthis company, of late, doesn't know what it wants to be...it's too bad because what it used to be was a great place to work, not anymore
Conschanges coming fast and furious, everyone afraid for their job...if you're over 50 they don't want you as their customer or their employee...
Advice to ManagementAdviceWhat made you a great employer, made you a great place to shop.
Now you throw around the "Inspire Women " line like a commandment, Want to "inspire" a woman? Leave your prices low (every item has noticably gone up over the past year), give the customers who have been loyal to you the stock they want, not what you think they want. You want to lower the age of your core customer by bringing in trendier styles, great, but the items you've deleted know no age, so you've lost as many 30-40 year old customers as you've weaned out the elderly. Mock neck sweaters and basic items know no age, Someone in corporate has stereo-typed certain looks with certain ages, someone who has never dealt with a customer on a sales floor..Never let your competitor in your door, sending these customers to another retailer to find these items won't make you a hero in the customers' eyes, it makes the other retailer the hero, because that other retailer hasn't abandoned them.
Bring payroll back to the sales floor and out of corporate (store payroll has been slashed leaving no one to help customers while expense accounts for upper level management has ballooned).Sls, DSLs and RSLs bragging to staff of their most recent company trip doesn't inspire your staff, rather it lowers morale because it brings into question why the money is there for something as frivolous as these trips and not for "one" more person on the sales floor on a busy Saturday. Especially because in most cases the person picked to go on the trip had a whole team of employees who have not been awarded anything more than a pat on the back and a three percent increase in a minimum salary position for their part in the leader's success
If you point out these items to a supervisor, you're seen as having "behaviour issues" and shown the "glass door".Ironic, really, since the behaviour competancies for ideal management candidates were originally based on people like myself, who years ago were part of the group who helped develop those competancies.
It's too bad that upper level management has become so short sighted that they cannot see you for what you really are when you give your opinion a concerned employee who can see from "ground zero" what is happening to "their" company, the company they helped build, the company they loved working for...such a shameDoesn't RecommendNegative OutlookNo opinion of CEO -
1 person found this helpful
"I loved the company and their views on working with customers "
- Comp & Benefits
- Work/Life Balance
- Senior Management
- Culture & Values
- Career Opportunities
I worked at Dress Barn part-time (more than a year)
ProsI liked the product and the company's view on working with, surprising and delighting customers
ConsSometimes individual store dynamics between associates can be difficult
RecommendsNeutral OutlookNo opinion of CEO -


text:
A Stylish Symbol with a Serious Message
Meridian CardioVascular Network Celebrates American Heart Month at the Annual Red Dress Event
17-Feb-2015 10:00 AM EST
Center for Weight-Loss Surgery at Jersey Shore University Medical Center Offers Bariatric Robotic Surgery
A new, less invasive approach to weight loss surgery gives patients new hope
29-Jan-2015 3:35 PM EST
Introducing Meridian Dentistry for Children
Pediatric dental experts provide accessible and specialized care for children.
29-Jan-2015 3:00 PM EST
Announcing Broad Range of Insurances Now Accepted at Jersey Coast Vascular Institute
Access to Vascular Services Increased at Ocean Medical Center and Meridian Health
29-Jan-2015 2:00 PM EST
Meridian Cancer Care Welcomes Kenneth A. Newkirk, M.D., FACS as Medical Director, Head and Neck Oncology Surgery Program at Jersey Shore University Medical Center
Meridian Cancer Care continues to expand with Kenneth Newkirk, M.D., FACS joining the multi-disciplinary team as Medical Director of the Head and Neck Oncology Surgery Program at Jersey Shore University Medical Center.
27-Jan-2015 2:00 PM EST
Ocean Medical Center Robotic Surgery Program Marks One Year Anniversary with 100th Case
A year after introducing robotic surgery at Ocean Medical Center, physicians marked the milestone with the completion of 100 cases. The medical center began offering the latest technology in surgery to the community when it added the da Vinci®...
14-Jan-2015 3:45 PM EST
Meridian Health Gearing Up for Paint the Town Pink 2015!
Informational event taking place January 22, 2015 for Jersey Shore residents to get involved in Paint the Town Pink.
14-Jan-2015 3:00 PM EST
Bayshore Community Hospital Unveils Multi-Specialty Interventional Suite
Bayshore Community Hospital unveils multi-specialty interventional suite.
13-Jan-2015 5:00 PM EST


text:
Pronunciation: acciarium
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Vacuum Parts
Vacuum Cleaner Parts and Accessories: Find the Best For Your Cleaning System.
Cleaning homes is a task that most people dread. Busy schedules leave most of us with little or no time to clean homes on a daily basis. Vacuuming is a must at least once a week. Technology has revolutionized the types of vacuum cleaning systems being made available today, and they are now able to vacuum all the floors in your home and their parts and accessories also make it possible to dust and tidy furniture and other sections of your home. Again, the type of vacuum cleaning system and accessories you choose will depend on the pets and allergy prone members of your family. You might require parts such as HEPA filters to ensure that up to 99.97% of the allergens are kept at bay. Pollen and grass cutting seasons will require frequent vacuuming and probably require you to replace the parts of your vacuum cleaner including belts, bags, fans, switches, hoses and much more.
GoVacuum carries the largest selection of vacuum cleaning systems and accessories from all the major brands. You can shop and buy accessories to enhance the cleaning ability of your vacuum. Be it vacuum bags, vacuum filters, vacuum hoses, vacuum cleaner parts and other accessories, we stock a huge selection and even let you find the perfect accessory for you based on brand, price, etc. You can match the parts you need using our detailed parts diagrams. Save money and time by choosing to shop online for your vacuum cleaner parts and accessories. We offer free shipping and guaranteed low prices on all these parts and accessories so you can enjoy the best prices on vacuum accessories online.
Ash Vac Hose 1M50 for Loveless Cheetah II or Cougar vacuums
$53.16The Ash Vac Hose is a replacement for the Cheetah II or Cougar vacuums. 5 ft aluminum 2 cuffs Learn More -
Loveless Fireplace Ash Vacuum 3 Piece Tool Set #4P22
$22.99Loveless Fireplace Ash Vacuum 3 Piece Tool Set. Includes a brush, crevice tool and pellet stove hose. Fits all Loveless ash Cheetah and Cougar vacuums. Learn More -
Pellet Stove Cleaning Hose # 1P24 For Loveless Ash Vacuums
$19.00This hose makes cleaning small pellet stoves easy. The small hose fits well in hard to reach places for easy cleaning. Learn More -
Loveless Ash Vacuum 1M50 Upgraded Metal Flexible Hose Assembly, Fits MU305 and MU405 Models.
$31.22This metal hose is an upgrade from the rubber hose that used to come with the ash vacuum. 5 ft, aluminum, 2 cuffs. Designed to fit the MU-305 Cheetah, as well as the MU405 Cougar models, this upgraded hose is less prone to damage from hot ashes or smoldering coals. It's flexible metal construction make it more durable, and longer lasting. Genuine Loveless Ash Vac part number 1M50, or LA-1R45. Learn More -
$10.99Style "FandG" Filteraire3 packFits Upright Models 1400, 1900, 2000, 2100, and 5000 Series Not sure which bag fits your vacuum? Check out our handyandnbsp;Eureka Bag Chart Learn More -
NQ Air Replacement UVGI Lamp Kit, Includes 2 UVGI Bulbs (NQ9WGI)
$160.00Replacement UV Lamp Learn More -
Filter Queen Filter Cones(Generic)-12 pack
$9.99This is a 12 pack of generic Filter Queen Cone replacement filters for all of the Filter Queen Vacuums. Learn More -
Filter Queen Triple Crown With Power Nozzle Refurbished
$575.00This is the top of the line Filter Queen. This high filtration, high power unit will last and last. Beat the high cost of a new unit with our high quality rebuilds. Mid-Size CanisterUses High Filtration Filter ConesCyclonic Multi Stage Micro FiltrationCom Learn More -
Micro Vacuum Attachment Kit sold at Miniatures
$11.21Micro Vacuum Attachment Kit sold at Miniatures Learn More -
4 Piece Vacuum Accessory Tools Set (White)
$49.994-Piece Central Vacuum Accessory Set. includes floor brush, upholstery tool, crevice tool, and dust Brush. Learn More -
Total Housecleaning Solution - Value Package
$728.89Browse each recommended machine individually: Full-size upright: Fuller Brush FBHD1 Heavy Duty Upright, $249.99 Compact vacuum: Tiny Tank SCC-1 Canister, $59.95 Multi-floor machine: Koblenz P-820 Shampooer/Polisher with Tank, $179.95 Air C Learn More -
Better Life Eco-Friendly Cleaning Solution Starter Kit
$32.50What's Included:SIMPLY FLOORED! Floor Cleaner An intoxicating mix of coconut oils, vegetable glycerin, spearmint, bergamot oils, and more of the Earth Learn More -
50FT 16/3 300 Volt Extension Commercial Cord Part # CD7212Y
$59.00This is a 50FT Commercial Extension Cord, Part number CD7212Y. This Commercial Extension Cord has a max amperage rating of 13 amps (16/3), 300 Volts. Learn More -
50FT 3 Wire Cord Part # 40295-10
$17.50This is part number 40295-10, a 50 foot, 3 wire cord. Learn More -
Hand Held Tubo Tool with Air Turbine Made In Germany
$29.95This is a Hand Held Air Turbine Nozzle (Turbo Tool). This turbo brush enchances your cleaning experience by utilizing a, air driven, roller brush so you can tackle dirt, debris, and especially pet hair with ease. Learn More -
Beam 30ft. Central Vacuum Hose Sock, Knit Style. Beam Number 170301
$23.99Soft, cloth sock fits over all 30' hoses to help prevent damage to furniture and woodwork. Also protects hose from sharp corners. Gray. Beam Item Number 170301. Learn More -
Brush Roll for Industrials Part # 41435003
$42.95Brush Roll for Industrials Part # 41435003 Four Brush Brush Roll (Agitator) fits Hoover Industrial Models U7047 and U7059 Learn More -
Bumpster Vacuum Attachment Part # BUMP1
$23.98This unique item helps you to clean and protect both your baseboards and your furniture as easily as using your vacuum cleaner. The Bumpster is a multifunctional product manufactured in the United States. The Bumpster protects baseboards and furnitur Learn More -
Ceiling Fan Cleaning Attachment - Fits All Vacuums
$17.99The Great Ceiling Fan Cleaning Tool! This Ceiling Fan Brush has the following handy features: - Keeps the blades from moving while you're cleaning. - Cleans edges too! - No need to stand under the fan while you're cleaning. Avoid wayward dust! - Easily c Learn More -
Central Vac Black Vacpan Part # VCPB01 Electric Dustpan
$32.95Central Vac Black Vacpan Part # VCPB01 Learn More -
Deep Cleaner Little green Nozzle 4 Part # 603-0983
$11.90Deep Cleaner Little green Nozzle 4 Part # 603-09834 Replacement window with brush for Portable Deep Cleaner Little green models 1720-1, 1720-2, 1720-3, 1720-Q and Portable Deep Cleaner Little green ProHeat models 1725 and 1725-1 Learn More -
Deep Cleaner Little green Nozzle 6 Part # 603-0985
$14.90Deep Cleaner Little green Nozzle 6 Part # 603-09856 inch Replacement window with brush for Portable Deep Cleaner Little green models 1720-1, 1720-2, 1720-3, 1720-Q and Portable Deep Cleaner Little green ProHeat models 1725 and 1725-1 Learn More -
Genuine Tradition 3CB Fill Tube
$49.99Kirby Tradition Upright Vacuum Cleaner Fill Tube. This is ONLY the core fill tube for Tradition 3CB vacuum cleaners. It does not include the ends. Kirby Part # 190379. Learn More -
Genuine Cord Hook Part # 259316
$8.70Genuine Cord Hook Part # 259316 Genuine lower cord hook fits all Royal metal uprights Learn More


text:
Everybody Posters
Everybody Posters is exceedingly prominent and makes a transcendent wall decoration, the product dimension is 12 x 12 inch and the price is $16.99. If you're trying to find top recommended Everybody Posters with sixpenny price, this is the superior deals for you.
Everybody Posters has a white border around it, it looks striking on a standardframe. The product is immensely huge, the wonderful sizefor the inexpensive price that it is. These measure , are printed on glittering paper, and are originally made in sets of eight per movie for display in theater lobbies. It is high quality this produce design you will not find anywhere else. You can create personalized and unique gifts by Everybody Posters for yourself or someone else. The produce is a popular print, you can see the details of the paint strokes and the color is a large number of more realistic than in some of the prints. This poster is amazing fantastic sizeeasy to find a frame for prominent photo plus you see the encyclopedic family. This is nice, the finishing of the poster isn't the best, for for the cost, it is smooth. This one is actually unquestionably luxury, the constitution of this unit is eminent and really, this is a must-have for any persons. It is wonderful enough to frame, quality print and looks just like the original featured in Everybody Posters.


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It feels like a traditional Greek hotel. We had a lovely room with sea view. The branches of a flower tree climbed up our balcony so it was actually quite shady. The breakfast area was very clean and also had a superb view (you could see both the sea and the swimming pool). The food was diverse and very good.... More
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Hotels.com, Expedia, Orbitz, Travelocity, Agoda and TripOnline SA so you can book your Arion Bay Hotel reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.
- Also Known As:
- Arion Bay Kamari
- Arion Bay Hotel Santorini/Kamari


text:
byKen Presti on
Navigating The Hazards
In the past, Richard Stallman, the founder of the Free Software Foundation as well as the inventor of the GNU operating system, has had harsh words regarding cloud computing. Stallman has been quoted as saying that the use of Web-based programs is "worse than stupidity," due largely to privacy issues and the erosion of the control of the users' own data. In the midst of the ongoing firestorm around NSA surveillance activities, CRN caught up with Stallman to get an update on his views. Most notably, "cloud" has become something of a four-letter word for Stallman, who also says the best way to protect privacy is to limit the collection of data. Edited excerpts of the conversation follow:
Live At XChange Solution Provider 2015
XChange Solution Provider 2015 is finally upon us and the timing couldn't be better. The premier channel event is happening March 1-3 in Dallas, bringing together 225 solution provider decision makers from across North America. CRN is at the event to provide news, analysis and a firsthand take from partners.
Here are 10 recent searches by CRN visitors.
Cloud 100


text:
South Park
Wednesdays 10:00 PM on Comedy CentralFollow South Park
South Park Season 2 Episode 2: "Cartman's Mom Is Still a Dirty Slut" Quotes
Chef: (after lights come back on) Is everybody okay?? That sounded like a gunshot!
Officer Barbrady: Oh, my god! Look!
(Everybody sees Mephesto's body, which has been shot at.)
Kenny: (mumbling) Oh my god, they killed Mephesto!
Kyle: You bastard!
- Permalink: Is everybody okay?? That sounded like a gunshot! Oh, my god! L...
- Added:
I just thought of something! Oh no wait, that's subtraction.
Officer Barbrady
- Permalink: I just thought of something! Oh no wait, that's subtraction.
- Added:
Greenfield: This story's got everything: people, furniture, talking! It's a real American story!
- Permalink: People, furniture, talking! It's a real American story!
- Added:
John Walsh: We seem to have lost our link up to the South Park crew, so I guess we'll going to our feature movie, Who Framed Roger Rabbit?
Narrator: Who Framed Roger Rabbit? Was it- Jimbo? Mr. Garrison? Chef?
- Permalink: We seem to have lost our link up to the South Park crew, so I gu...
- Added:
Cartman: Hey, who's screwing with the lights?!
Narrator: Who IS screwing with the lights? Is it: Barbrady? Or Jimbo? Or the 1991 Denver Broncos?
Cartman: (to Kenny) That is really starting to piss me off!
- Permalink: Hey, who's screwing with the lights?! Barbrady? Or Jimbo? Or t...
- Added:
Greenfield: Great! We'll get started with auditions immediately. What part should we cast first?
Announcer 1: Who will the director cast first? Will it be Mr. Garrison? Officer Barbrady, Chef?
- Permalink: Great! We'll get started with auditions immediately. What part s...
- Added:
Mayor: My God, what a harrowing tale of human drama this is. All of us doing what we must to survive.
Jimbo: It is amazing what people can do under stress. Just look at the pyramids. Nobody knows how they built those. Or who.
Narrator: Who built the pyramids? Was it- the Babylonians? Officer Barbrady? Samaritans?
- Permalink: My God, what a harrowing tale of human drama this is. All of us ...
- Added:
Cartman: (after learning who his father is) Oh... Man, this is ****ing weak...
Stan: Dude! You're a big fatass, and your mom's a hermapholite!
Mrs. Cartman: I'm sorry I never told you, Eric... I just thought, maybe it would be a little shocking to you.
Cartman: (sarcastically) Oh, well, gee whiz! You think so, Mom??
Mephesto: Well, that's that. Thank you all for playing.
Cartman: No no, wait a minute! Wait! If... If she's my dad, then...who's my mom?!
Announcer: Who is Eric Cartman's mother? Is it: Mrs. Crabtree? Sheila Broflovski? The Mayor?
Cartman: AAH, FORGET IT!!!
- Permalink: Oh... Man, this is ****ing weak... Dude! You're a big fatass, ...
- Added:
Jimbo: Well, looks like we're not going anywhere for a long time.
Director: We're snowed in?
Mayor: Yes! We're trapped!
Mr. Garrison: Like sailors on a submarine...
Mayor: My god, this is the worst storm I have ever seen!
Director's Assistant: Oh, I have to get out of here; I haven't eaten since breakfast.
Officer Barbrady: Yeah, I'm getting kind of hungry, too!
Jimbo: I hope you all don't realize what we're facing here... Our only option might be to...eat each other to stay alive.
(Everybody in the building gasps in horror.)
Director: Uh... It's only been, like, four hours... Aren't you people resorting to cannablism a little quickly?
Jimbo: That's a while to live, Mr. Director. I don't eat plenty, but if some of us must die so the rest can stay alive so be it.
Mayor: But...how do we decide who?
Jimbo: Well, we'll draw straws...
Director: Now, wait just a minute! You've all had a big breakfast! Can't you people live without eating for a while??
Jimbo: Calm down, soldier! We need every person here to keep his head! Barbrady, fetch some straws.
Director: Well, who the hell made you the boss, anyway??
Announcer: Who the hell made Jimbo boss? Was it: Officer Barbrady? Chef? Mr. Garrison?
- Permalink: Well, looks like we're not going anywhere for a long time. We'...
- Added:
Around the Web
South Park Season 2 Episode 2 Quotes
Jimbo: Alright, so far everyone has a long piece of straw. We'll keep drawing
(Jimbo picks a piece of straw.)
Jimbo: (relieved) Whew!
(Mr. Garrison picks a piece of straw.)
Mr. Garrison: (relieved) Whew!
(Officer Barbrady looks at the last piece of straw in his hands.)
Officer Barbrady: Whew.
Jimbo: Wait a minute! Where the hell is the short one??
Officer Barbrady: The short what?
Jimbo: Damn it, Barbrady! When you draw straws, you're supposed to have one of them short! That's how you decide who loses!
Officer Barbrady: That's not how I played it
Mr. Garrison: Oooh, can we hurry this up? My stomach is growling
- Permalink: Alright, so far everyone has a long piece of straw. We'll keep d...
- Added:
Chef: Doctor, we've got a shot-cracker outside!
Doctor: I'll be right with you in a minute, right after I inject this man with a long needle.
Stan: Oh, man. I'm gonna be sick...
Doctor: There there, young man. Medical science is nothing to be afraid of. (injects the needle and Stan groans)
Nurse: Ooh, I think you're hitting the bone...
(Stan groans again.)
Doctor: Yes, I can feel the needle scraping in there.
(The patient starts bleeding.)
Doctor: Oop! He's hemorrhaging.
(Blood lands near Stan as he leaps away and shrieks; the patients head then falls off.)
Doctor: Oop! His head fell off!
Stan: (running away) I'm getting outta here!
Kyle: Stan!
Doctor: Well, some people just have a weak stomach.
- Permalink: Doctor, we've got a shot-cracker outside! I'll be right with y...
- Added:


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quote:What is the taxation of this stuff? Is it a % of the cost or is it a flat amount?
quote:I use to smoke shite load. but we always had so many friends coming over and also bringing stuff so I couldnt tell you how much I did a day. no telling. plus when one of your best friends was dealin hardcore and would just give you and handful whenever its hard to tell
quote:I know pot is not physically addictive... But this sounds like you were addicted. Seriously, replace pot in that post with anything else and tell me that post does not come across like it cane from someone addicted to some sort of substance.


text:
About This Game
- Summary
- Game Editions
A budget-priced title from European publisher Phoenix Games.
Fisherman's son Rodrigo finds on the beach a very special letter in a bottle. With the help from his Grandfather they quickly discover that it tells them how to find "The Lost City of Atlantis".
"People have been searching for Atlantis for centuries without any success", said Grandfather excited. Rodrigo, his dog Uzo and his Grandfather set off to find the lost city...
Includes: Cartoon film - Jigsaw puzzle - Colouring book
Status: Unreleased
E for Everyone: Violence
Phoenix Games Ltd. [UK / NL]
0 Edits
Start a Atlantis Wiki »


text:
London Film Festival '09 - The Men Who Stare At Goats Premiere Gallery
George Clooney attended his second gala premiere in as many days at the Times BFI 53rd London Film Festival on Thursday (October 15, 2009), when he walked the red carpet with Italian girlfriend Elisabetta Canalis for the UK premiere of The Men Who Stare At Goats. On this occasion he was joined by the film's director Grant Heslov and stars such as Damian Lewis.
Roll your mouse over the left and right-hand sides of the image and then click to view more pictures.
1 of 7
Read our review of The Men Who Stare At Goats or view photos of George Clooney from the opening gala
Recent Galleries:
- Unfinished Business (Vince Vaughn) Photo Gallery
- Disney's Frozen Fever Photo Gallery
- Focus - Margot Robbie Photo Gallery
- Focus (Will Smith/Margot Robbie) Photo Gallery
- The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel Photo Gallery
- Spectre: Rome Photo Call (Daniel Craig and Monica Bellucci)
- The Second Best Exotic Marigold Hotel Royal Film Performance Photo Gallery
- The Man From U.N.C.L.E. (Henry Cavill/Armie Hammer) First-look Photo Gallery
- Focus (Will Smith/Margot Robbie) UK Premiere Photo Gallery
- Daughter of God (Keanu Reeves) First-look Photo Gallery


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Company Description (as filed with the SEC)
The Bank of Kentucky Financial Corporation ("BKFC") is a bank holding company that was incorporated as a Kentucky corporation in 1993 and engaged in no business activities until 1995, when BKFC acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock of The Bank of Kentucky, Inc. (the "Bank"), a bank incorporated under the laws of the Commonwealth of Kentucky (formerly named The Bank of Boone County, Inc.), and Burnett Federal Savings Bank ("Burnett"), a federal savings bank that was later merged into the Bank. BKFC, through the Bank, is engaged in the banking business in northern Kentucky and Hamilton county, Ohio. Formed in 1990, the Bank provides financial services and other financial solutions through 32 offices located in northern Kentucky, which includes Boone, Kenton and Campbell counties and parts of Grant, Pendleton and Gallatin counties in northern Kentucky, and Hamilton county in Ohio. ... More ...
Additional Info
Analyst Info
Annual EPS Est: | $2.61 |
Quarterly EPS Est: | 0.64 |
PEG Ratio: | 2.35 |
Mean Recommendation: |
3 |


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Book your room at Hotel Trinity Fort Worth/DFW InnSuites
Studio, 1 King Bed
Max Occupancy: 3 guests (up to 2 children, 1 infant)Studio, 2 Queen Beds
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children, 3 infants)Executive Suite, 1 King Bed with Sofabed
Max Occupancy: 4 guests (up to 3 children)Executive Suite, 2 Queen Beds
Max Occupancy: 6 guests (up to 5 children)Hotel in Fort Worth with free breakfast and free area shuttle
Situated in Fort Worth, this hotel is 0.9 mi (1.5 km) from Tandy Hills Park and within 3 mi (5 km) of Bass Performance Hall and Sundance Square. National Cowboys of Color Museum and Fort Worth Water Gardens are also within 3 mi (5 km).
Nearest Transport Options
Nearest Airports
Hotel Features
This smoke-free hotel features a restaurant, a health club, and a bar/lounge. Free buffet breakfast is provided, as well as free WiFi in public areas, free self parking, and a free area shuttle. Other amenities include a spa tub, coffee/tea in the lobby, and a seasonal outdoor pool.
Room Amenities
All 168 rooms offer conveniences like refrigerators and microwaves, along with free WiFi, free wired Internet, and pillowtop beds. Cable TV, coffee makers, and free newspapers are among the other amenities available to guests.
Information missing or incorrect? Tell us!Hotel Amenities
Hotel Amenities
In addition to a seasonal outdoor pool, Hotel Trinity Fort Worth/DFW InnSuites provides a health club and a spa tub. The hotel offers a restaurant. A bar/lounge is on site where guests can unwind with a drink. Guests can enjoy a complimentary breakfast. Public areas are equipped with complimentary high-speed wireless Internet access.
Business-related amenities consist of a business center and meeting rooms. 2 meeting rooms are available. This business-friendly hotel also offers a library, barbecue grills, and multilingual staff. A complimentary area shuttle within 3 mi is available for guests. Onsite self parking is complimentary.
Hotel Trinity Fort Worth/DFW InnSuites is a smoke-free property.
- Smoke-free property
- Outdoor seasonal pool
- Spa tub
- Free breakfast
- Free newspapers in lobby
- Health club
- Bar/lounge
- Business center
- 24-hour front desk
- Multilingual staff
- Safe-deposit box at front desk
- Number of floors - 2
- Tennis on site
- Barbecue grill(s)
- Laundry facilities
- Total number of rooms - 168
- Dry cleaning/laundry service
- Luggage storage
- Garden
- Library
- ATM/banking
- Meeting rooms
- Restaurant
- Free area shuttle
- Free self parking
- Number of meeting rooms - 2
- Number of buildings/towers - 3
- Coffee/tea in lobby
- Free WiFi
Family Friendly Amenities
- Free Wi-Fi
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Area shuttle (complimentary)
- Laundry facilities
- Playground on site
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
Available in all rooms: Free WiFi , Free wired high-speed Internet
Available in some public areas: Free WiFi
Free self parking
Room Amenities
- Coffee/tea maker
- Hair dryer
- Air conditioning
- Free local calls
- Refrigerator
- Microwave
- Daily housekeeping
- Free toiletries
- Iron/ironing board
- Cable TV service
- Desk
- Pillowtop mattress
- Rollaway/extra beds available
- Cribs/infant beds available
- Free WiFi
- Climate control
- Free newspaper
- Free wired high-speed Internet
Where to Eat
Guests are offered a complimentary hot/cold buffet breakfast.
PJ Cafe - Onsite restaurant.
Nearby Things to Do
A seasonal outdoor pool and a spa tub are on site. Other recreational amenities include a health club.
The recreational activities listed below are available either on site or nearby; fees may apply.
- Basketball on site
- Playground on site
To make requests for specific accessibility needs, complete the "Special or Accessibility Requests" section of "Trip Preferences" when you book your hotel.
- Accessible path of travel
- Accessible bathroom
- Roll-in shower
- Accessible parking
- In-room accessibility
- Accessibility equipment for the deaf
- Braille or raised signage
Hotel Policies
Minimum check-in age is 21
Check-in time starts at 4 PM
Pets allowed
You need to know
Extra-person charges may apply and vary depending on hotel policy.
Government-issued photo identification and a credit card or cash deposit are required at check-in for incidental charges.
Special requests are subject to availability upon check-in and may incur additional charges. Special requests cannot be guaranteed.
- Pet fee: USD 25 per stay
We should mention
Children 17 years old and younger stay free when occupying the parent or guardian's room, using existing bedding.