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Turbulent air–water flows in hydraulic structures: Dynamic similarity and scale effects
Chanson, H. (2009) Turbulent air–water flows in hydraulic structures: Dynamic similarity and scale effects.
Environmental Fluid Mechanics
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Chanson, H.
Turbulent air–water flows in hydraulic structures: Dynamic similarity and scale effects
Journal name
Environmental Fluid Mechanics
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Article (original research)
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Benoit Cushman-Roisin
Place of publication
Dordrecht, Netherlands
Springer - Netherlands
Collection year
090509 Water Resources Engineering
970109 Expanding Knowledge in Engineering
In hydraulic structures, free-surface aeration is commonly observed: i.e., the white waters. The air bubble entrainment may be localised (hydraulic jumps, plunging jets) or continuous along an interface (water jets, chutes). Despite recent advances, there are some basic concerns about the extrapolation of laboratory results to large size prototype structures. Herein the basic air bubble entrainment processes are reviewed and the relevant dynamic similarities are discussed. Traditionally, physical studies are conducted using a Froude similitude which implies drastically smaller laboratory Reynolds numbers than in the corresponding prototype flows. Basic dimensional analyses are developed for both singular and interfacial aeration processes. The results are discussed in the light of systematic investigations and they show that the notion of scale effects is closely linked with the selection of relevant characteristic air–water flow properties. Recent studies of local air–water flow properties highlight that turbulence levels, entrained bubble sizes and interfacial areas are improperly scaled based upon a Froude similitude even in large-size models operating with the so defined Reynolds numbers up to 5 E+5. In laboratory models, the dimensionless turbulence levels, air–water interfacial areas and mass transfer rates are drastically underestimated.
Air-water flows
Air bubble entrainment
Hydraulic engineering
Dynamic similarity
Scale effects
Froude similitude
Plunging jets
Hydraulic jumps
Spillway chutes
Stepped spillways
High-velocity water jets
Anwar HO (1994) Self-aerated flows on chutes and spillways—discussion. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 120(6):778–779 BaCaRa (1991) Etude de la Dissipation d'Energie sur les Evacuateurs à Marches. (Study of the energy dissipation on stepped spillways) Rapport d'Essais, Projet National BaCaRa, CEMAGREF-SCP, Aix-en-Provence, France, October, 111 pp (in French) Barenblatt GI (1996) Scaling, self-similarity, and intermediate asymptotics.Cambridge University Press, UK, 386 pp Boes RM (2000) Scale effects in modelling two-phase stepped spillway flow. In: Minor HE, Hager WH (eds) International workshop on hydraulics of stepped spillways. Balkema Publ, Zürich, pp 53–60 Boes RM, Hager WH (2003) Two-phase flow characteristics of stepped spillways. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 129(9):661–670; discussion 131(5):419–429 Brocchini M, Peregrine DH (2001) The dynamics of strong turbulence at free surfaces. Part 2. Free surface boundary conditions. J Fluid Mech 449:255–290 Cain P (1978) Measurements within self-aerated flow on a large spillway. PhD Thesis, Ref. 78–18. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand Cain P, Wood IR (1981) Instrumentation for aerated flow on spillways. J Hydraul Div ASCE 107(HY11):1407–1424 Carosi G, Chanson H (2006) Air–water time and length scales in skimming flows on a stepped spillway. Application to the spray characterisation. Report No. CH59/06. Division of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, July, 142 pp Cartellier A, Achard JL (1991) Local phase detection probes in fluid/fluid two-phase flows. Rev Sci Instrum 62(2):279–303 Chanson H (1993) Self-aerated flows on chutes and spillways. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 119(2):220–243; discussion 120(6):778–782 Chanson H(1995) Air bubble diffusion in supercritical open channel flow. In: BilgerRW(ed) Proceedings of 12th Australasian fluid mechanics conference AFMC, vol 2, Sydney, Australia, pp 707–710 Chanson H (1997) Air bubble entrainment in free-surface turbulent shear flows. Academic Press, London, 401 pp Chanson H (2002) Air–water flow measurements with intrusive phase-detection probes. Can we improve their interpretation?. J Hydraul Eng ASCE 128(3):252–255 Chanson H (2004) The hydraulics of open channel flow: an introduction, 2nd edn. Butterworth-Heinemann, London, 630 pp Chanson H, Carosi G(2007)Turbulent time and length scale measurements in high-velocity open channel flows. Exp Fluids 42(3):385–401. doi:10.1007/s00348-006-0246-2 Chanson H, Felder S (2007) Dynamic similarity and scale effects in turbulent free-surface flows above triangular cavities. In: Jacobs P, Mcintyre T, Cleary M, Buttsworth D, Mee D, Clements R, Morgan R, Lemckert C (eds) Proceedings of 16th Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference AFMC, Gold Coast, Australia, 2–7 December, pp 691–698 (CD-ROM) Chanson H, Gonzalez CA (2005) Physical modelling and scale effects of air–water flows on stepped spillways. J Zhejiang Univ Sci 6A(3):243–250 Chanson H, Gualtieri C (2008) Similitude and scale effects of air entrainment in hydraulic jumps. J Hydraul Res IAHR 46(1):35–44 Chanson H, Manasseh R (2003) Air entrainment processes in a circular plunging jet. Void fraction and acoustic measurements. J Fluids Eng Trans ASME 125(5):910–921 Chanson H, Toombes L (2002a) Air–water flows down stepped chutes: turbulence and flow structure observations. Int J Multiphase Flow 28(11):1737–1761 Chanson H, Toombes L (2002b) Experimental study of gas–liquid interfacial properties in a stepped cascade flow. Environ Fluid Mech 2(3):241–263 Chanson H, Toombes L (2002c) Energy dissipation and air entrainment in a stepped storm waterway: an experimental study. J Irrig Drain Eng ASCE 128(5):305–315 Chanson H, Aoki S, Hoque A (2002a) Similitude of air bubble entrainment and dispersion in vertical circular plunging jet flows. An experimental study with freshwater, salty freshwater and seawater. Coastal/Ocean Engineering Report No. COE02-1. Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan, 94 pp Chanson H, Yasuda Y, Ohtsu I (2002b) Flow resistance in skimming flows and its modelling. Can J Civil Eng 29(6):809–819 Chanson H, Aoki S, Hoque A (2004) Physical modelling and similitude of air bubble entrainment at vertical circular plunging jets. Chem Eng Sci 59(4):747–754 Chanson H,Aoki S, Hoque A (2006) Bubble entrainment and dispersion in plunging jet flows: freshwater versus seawater. J Coastal Res 22(3):664–677 Chirichella R, Gomez Ledesma R, Kiger KT, Duncan JH (2002) Incipient air entrainment in a translating axisymmetric plunging laminar jet. Phys Fluids 14(2):781–790; discussion 14(9):3367–3368 Crowe C, Sommerfield M, Tsuji Y (1998) Multiphase flows with droplets and particles. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 471 pp Cummings PD, Chanson H(1999) An experimental study of individual air bubble entrainment at a planar plunging jet. Chem Eng Res Design Trans I-Chem E, Part A 77(A2):159–164 EhrenbergerR(1926)Wasserbewegung in steilen Rinnen (Susstennen) mit besondererBerucksichtigung der Selbstbelüftung. (Flow of water in steep chutes with special reference to self-aeration) Zeitschrift des Österreichischer Ingenieur und Architektverein, No. 15/16 and 17/18 (in German) (Trans: Wilsey EF, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation) El Hammoumi M (1994) Entraînement d'Air par Jet Plongeant Vertical. Application aux Becs de Remplissage pour le Dosage Pondéral (Air entrainment by vertical plunging jet. application to refill nozzles applied to dosage). PhD thesis, INPG, Grenoble, France (in French) Ervine DA, Falvey HT (1987) Behaviour of turbulent water jets in the atmosphere and in plunge pools. Proc Instn Civ Engrs. London, Part 2, March 1987, 83:295–314; discussion: Part 2, March–June 1988, 85:359–363 Ervine DA,Mckeogh EJ, Elsawy EM(1980) Effect of turbulence intensity on the rate of air entrainment by plunging water jets. Proc Instn Civ Engrs, Part 2, June, pp 425–445 Gonzalez CA, Chanson H (2004) Interactions between cavity flow and main stream skimming flows: an experimental study. Can J Civ Eng 31(1):33–44 Henderson FM (1966) Open channel flow. MacMillan Company, New York Heraud D (1966) Dispersion des Jets Liquides; Influence des Rugosités de Paroi. PhD thesis, University Grenoble 1, France Hinze JO (1955) Fundamentals of the hydrodynamic mechanism of splitting in dispersion processes. J AIChE 1(3):289–295 Hoyt JW, Taylor JJ (1977) Waves on water jets. J Fluid Mech 83(Pt 1):119–127 Keller RJ (1972) Field measurement of self-aerated high speed open channel flow. PhD thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury, New Zealand Kobus H (1984) Scale effects in modelling hydraulic structures. Proceedings of international symposium on scale effects in modelling hydraulic structures. IAHR, Esslingen, Germany Kolaini AR (1998) Sound radiation by various types of laboratory breaking waves in fresh ans salt water. J Acoust Soc Am 103(1):300–308 Mckeogh EJ (1978) A study of air entrainment using plunging water jets. PhD thesis, Queen's University of Belfast, UK, 374 pp Murzyn F, ChansonH(2007) Free surface, bubbly flowand turbulence measurements in hydraulic jumps. Report CH63/07, Division of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, August, 116 pp, ISBN 9781864998917 Rajaratnam N (1962) An experimental study of air entrainment characteristics of the hydraulic jump. J Inst Eng India 42(7):247–273 Rao NSL, Kobus HE (1971) Characteristics of self-aerated free-surface flows. Water and waste water/current research and practice, vol 10. Eric Schmidt Verlag, Berlin, Germany Resch FJ, Leutheusser HJ (1972) Le Ressaut Hydraulique: mesure de Turbulence dans la Région Diphasique. J La Houille Blanche 4:279–293 Scott JC (1975) The preparation of water for surface clean fluid mechanics. J Fluid Mech 69(Part 2):339–351 Straub LG, Anderson AG (1958) Experiments on self-aerated flow in open channels. J Hydraul Div Proc ASCE 84(HY7):1890-1–1890-35, paper 1890 Toombes L, Chanson H (2005) Air–water mass transfer on a stepped waterway. J Environ Eng ASCE 131(10):1377–1386 Wood IR (1991) Air entrainment in free-surface flows. IAHR hydraulic structures design manual no. 4, Hydraulic design considerations. Balkema Publ., Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 149 pp
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The full bibliographic details are: CHANSON, H. (2009). "Turbulent Air-water Flows in Hydraulic Structures: Dynamic Similarity and Scale Effects." Environmental Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 125-142 (DOI: 10.1007/s10652-008-9078-3) (ISSN 1567-7419 [Print] 1573-1510 [Online]).
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DIY Decorating with Goodwill items
Hello, I just wanted to share my project I just finished 2 days ago. I had a corner seriously in the need of a redo.
http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...rnerbefore.jpg I bought these items in a local goodwill for $10.79 with tax. http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...ablebefore.jpg I disassembled the table: http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...isassemble.jpg Primed the frame and legs and the picture frames: http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...log/Primer.jpg http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...ctureframe.jpg Sanded and stained the table top then coated with satin polyurethane: http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...etopbefore.jpg http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...atinfinish.jpg |
Found some old candle holders outside on my table... dirty rusty...
http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...g/table091.jpg Cleaned with soapy water, degreased with alcohol then I touched it only with vinyl gloves on. http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...g/table101.jpg Spray painted with Rustoleum Frosted Glass spray... http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...olderafter.jpg Printed out two of my own photographs, assembled the table, bought $4.99 wheat in Michael's and: http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n...ornerafter.jpg The finished project: http://i112.photobucket.com/albums/n.../table143c.jpg Thanks for looking :) Let me know what you think and post your own project if you have one :) Maria |
That looks so much better.
You did a great job. Thanks for posting it with all the details and pics. |
Thanks :)
Thanks :)
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subset: commoncrawl


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hey royce
sometimes casting the bigger names in horror cost alot i bet but what about going after the smaller names in big franchise like halloween or friday the 13th but are still well known names like in the halloween movies trying to actress GLORIA GIFFORD who played mrs avs in 1981 halloeen 2 would be cool for one of your movies or actor HUNTR VON LEER from 1981 halloeen 2 an he played deputy hunt but is a fan fav to
in the friday the 13th movies nams like LAWRENCE MONSON who played teddy in friday the 13th part 4 and so on
you got bright futue in maken movies royce, keep working hard bro
Page 1 of 1
Casting smaller horror names
Posted 06 April 2011 - 04:59 PM
Next movie I make where I have bigger budget, I will gladly hire people I admire from films I like. I recently saw remake of "I Spit on Your Grave" and it has Tracy Walters who was Joker's goon Bob in Batman abd Rooney Eastman who was Joey in "Nightmare on Elm Street 4". Those are cool character actors. I have few I would like to hire like Stu Charno and Felicia Rose.
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The Basics of RAW files {and what to do with the darn things}
I was shooting a wedding once and the father-of-the-bride 'knew a lot about photography'. I was literally laughing out loud (trying so terribly hard to hold it in) when I would adjust the dials and hear him say over my shoulder "mmmm oh yes you're probably changing the white balance hmmm?" And best of all, "if you're really professional you shoot in raw."
Raw. It's the ultimate test of someone's acceptance of your status as a professional because it's one of the first things that a mildly keen just-starting-out-er will pick up on in their search for photography knowledge. But even though it's one of the first things you'll likely learn, it's also one of the most confusing elements for a beginner.
I'm a control freak. I don't want to work my butt off to pull every element of an image together and then lose control of my colour temp in post processing. I want to control everything about the final product. If it were possible, I would even come to every single one of your houses and calibrate the world's computer screens to see things exactly the same. Before you can love raw, you have to understand it.
- If you're shooting in jpeg and you hit the shutter to let all the beautiful light flood your sensor and record the image onto your memory card, the camera collects the information and quickly compresses it down into a reasonably sized file. It judges things like the colour of the sky and the temperature of the light. Even when you've taken the image in manual mode and set everything yourself, the jpeg still needs to make some decisions as it smooshes all that information into one little file.
- But if you shoot in raw, the sensor stays hands-off and says "ok, hot shot. YOU deal with it!"
- …this means that you have total, blissful control of your entire image.
- …but not without some work of your own.
- RAW files need to be imported into a computer program like Adobe Lightroom or Adobe Camera Raw and then either instantly exported as jpegs (yikes!)
- …or perfected according to your vision for the image with editing and then exported as a jpg or other printer-friendly format.
- So just to make sure you get it I'll say it this way: a raw file isn't an image. It's information gathered by the sensor and delivered to you on a memory card. It's totally your job to then do what you want with that information before compressing it into an 'image'.
- Also, a raw file won't usually have included the in-camera sharpening that jpeg compression provides. So don't fret when you think your image isn't as sharp as it should be – this also needs to be done by you in the post production editing process.
Here are some links to set you on your path to opening and utilizing your raw files:
- You can process your raws with Google's free program called Picasa. This is an article about how to process raw files in Picasa and this is a list of supported file types.
- This article from Apple is FAQs about processing your raws in iPhoto
- Bridge is another option and also useful if you're likely to be utilising many different Adobe programs from your computer. Exe: Photoshop, Illustrator, etc. It's a base from which you can spring to any of these programs. If you're only using PS, it's not really necessary, although Helen Bradley has a great post on about the ways she thinks Bridge is useful.
- This is a tutorial written by me, before I learned how to make videos. Full of screen shots to show you how I import my files into Lightroom and export them out when I'm finished editing.
- This is the Wikipedia entry for 'raw image format'. Scroll down to 'software support' and you'll find a pretty huge list of software at your disposal for processing your raw files.
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Some older comments
September 13, 2013 11:30 am
Good article on the subject or RAW files. You are correct with your characterisation of RAW being the first "Really Complicated" subject that beginners latch on to. Rather like computer newbies getting a complex about defragging the hard drive (professionals know that this does little more than wear out the drive).
I did some computer work for a guy who was running a photographic start-up. You guessed it, he thought that RAW was the way to go and his computers were clogged with RAW files (HDs weren't all that big then). It was mostly portrait work with daylight or lamp.
Sadly, that guy knew so little about photography the he sent his lenses away to be professionally cleaned when spots appeared on the prints. Of course, it was dirt on the sensor; any student of high-school optics would have known that.
PS How do you like my handle? Imogen Foulkes (Portrait Photography). Ha Ha.
February 23, 2013 09:43 pm
Hi. I'm doing some very basic website design for my group Mooshim. I've taken a bunch of RAW Photos and I load them into photoshop just fine. However, I need to use the images for a 'Mobile Phone' canvas. I.e., shrink the photo down. I can do this fine, but when I zoom in the image begins to pixelize? Why is this? I thought Raw images had way more data and therefore should do the opposite when you shrink them? Thanks heaps.
September 3, 2012 06:45 am
I am new to attempting RAW, so please excuse the amateur nature of my question... When I put my memory card into the reader and open one of the RAW "images" into photoshop (Adobe CS5), it opens into the "Camera Raw" screen. At this point it shows the image at the original size (ex: 10.1mb). When I click on "open image" it opens into photoshop for me to do my typical edits. Regardless of whether or not I make any changes at this point, when I go to save the image as a JPEG, it reduces the size drastically (for this particular example it went from a 10.1mb to a 4.0mb, even after I tried doing it over without making any changes to it at all). Why does it do this and how can I keep it from shrinking?? Thanks!
November 24, 2011 06:51 am
Hi Sumit... yes, the FZ45 does shoot in RAW, and after much searching I found how to do it.
The bundled software for processing RAW is SILKYPIX, which I have been experimenting with.
But I must say its a bit confusing to a complete noob like me, white balance, etc etc., but I'll stick with it! -
November 24, 2011 03:04 am
Dave, if I'm not mistaken he FZ45 shoots in jpeg and does not have the RAW option. But as an FYI, RAW is a file format so should be in the file format section of your in-camera Menu.
November 23, 2011 08:40 am
So...how exactly do you take a "RAW" picture? I have a Panasonic FZ45 but its got no button that says RAW format? There is nothing in the manual that tells me how.
June 4, 2011 02:49 am
@Rob - Most cameras by all brands are like this when new. It is because each camera actually is a different RAW format from one another, even in the same brand, with the same file extension (Like .NEF for Nikon) due to different sensors etc... Lightroom and Aperture and other RAW converters need time to be able to add support of these new camera/formats to their lineup. It is usually pretty quick, within a month of release but still that is time when you can't use that program until it is supported. Of course the programs that are provided with the camera on CD are supported as they were developed by the same company. This might be what you heard.
March 26, 2011 10:15 pm
@ Rob I shoot exclusively in RAW with Pentax gear (currently a K-X) cs5 and LR3 handle the RAW files without issue.
March 16, 2011 01:21 am
Big ditto of thanks for this line: "a raw file won't usually have included the in-camera sharpening that jpeg compression provides." I couldn't understand why images looked so much sharper when I took them than when I uploaded later to my comp. I've been blaming my new lens, my auto focus, my own eyes...
February 21, 2011 07:58 am
Great post, and I LOVE this line: "If it were possible, I would even come to every single one of your houses and calibrate the world's computer screens to see things exactly the same."
February 19, 2011 06:22 am
One small point, i have found this out recently but don't use photoshop so how relevant it is i'm not sure. A lot of new cameras will not let you open your images in anything else but the camera provider's own provided software if shooting in RAW. Again i only have experience with Pentax gear and UFRaw / GIMP. However i have been told most new cameras will do the same. Anyone with pentax gear probably should be using the provided software to adjust RAW images, it is very good and provides some really handy tweaks!
February 14, 2011 03:30 am
Agree with Bob - I was put off by her snobbish reference to the bride's father. Why, writing an otherwise perfectly good article, she needed to show the readers that he is so inferior to her, that even his admiration of her skills/professionalism is laughable? Especially since the article is mostly geared toward people who are not familiar enough with RAW images.
Otherwise - thanks to the author for the explanation of RAW, I have this option on my Nikon, but was afraid of getting into it. Maybe I should give it a try the next time. -
February 11, 2011 09:41 am
My Canon XSi came with "Digital Photography Professional" included on a CD. When I first used this program for RAW files, I hated it and found that the JPGs from a RAW+JPG setting were better than I could get out of the software and RAW. I checked the website for my camera and found an upgrade for the DPP software and after upgrading, it is love!!!! The upgraded software allows me to process the RAW file and get a better outcome than the camera usually does. So if you use this software and have not upgraded....
February 11, 2011 08:40 am
Great article; I agree with Gary - I am new to RAW files and was a little disappointed with the lack of sharpness. Wasn't aware I had more work to do!
Thanks for the info!
February 9, 2011 07:41 pm
i use photoshop adobe cs4 but adobe photoshop or bridge are not working with my raw files what can i do ? i use a canon eos 550d. whats the reason ?
February 9, 2011 04:13 am
I starting shooting last year and started with RAW. I prefer it over JPG.
February 8, 2011 09:36 am
the more i read, the more i know that i do not know.....
February 8, 2011 04:42 am
I have shot in RAW format for several years and love the ability to adjust and tweak. If you really want to learn how to adjust in I would high suggest you go to Kelby Training and subscribe for just a month and watch Scott Kelby's 7-Point System. for CS5
February 7, 2011 01:42 am
I only edit from the original, so I do my edits once and the re compression only happens once. I just took a bunch of shots and I did Raw plus Large JPEG, will see if I can tell the difference.
February 7, 2011 01:16 am
I think I am going to switch back to using JPEGs. Everytime I shoot in RAW my images turn out grainy and dull. I have tons of post processing to do, and they still don't look as good as my JPEGs. I must be doing something wrong.
February 4, 2011 01:14 pm
Right on bcc. save it in tiff, it's a no-brainer.
February 4, 2011 12:43 pm
Qais Try Capture One from Phase One for processing RAW files. I am not a professional photographer but the software does process lots of shots easily.
Does anyone else on dPS use this software too?
February 4, 2011 12:40 pm
@ Ruben - the easiest way to calibrate the monitor is to print an enlargement using your favourite print service, hold it up to the same image on the monitor then manually adjust the settings on the monitor to get it to look the same as the printed image. That way when you edit future images on the monitor it should look the same when printed. This does depend, though, on how often your print service calibrate their machines - if they're not on top of it you may notice a little variation.
Unfortunately you can't control other people's monitors so some people may view your images on an overly bright laptop monitor for example. The best way to show clients previews is to use your monitor or print out small samples for them.
February 4, 2011 12:18 pm
I used to shoot in RAW but then spent hours on post production. Unless you get paid decent, I wouldn't recommend RAW shooting as a wedding photographer. Maybe I don't get paid enough to process 500 shots INDIVIDUALLY after a wedding!. Unless there is an easier way that I'm not aware of??
February 3, 2011 02:22 am
@bbc "When you open and close jpegs they slowly deteriorate over time" - only if you edit them. When opened with a a viewer nothing happens. But it is true that for each edit you save as JPG the image is re-compressed and some quality is lost. I sometimes use PNG to avoid this.
February 1, 2011 06:20 am
Well on sigma cameras the raw requires 0 sharpening.
February 1, 2011 02:20 am
I tried RAW but prefer to use Jpegs since file sizes are smaller and since I'm only taking photos for myself I rarely have much to edit on them.
January 31, 2011 01:33 pm
But if you shoot in raw, the sensor stays hands-off and says "ok, hot shot. YOU deal with it!"
The sensor never does more than collect information. There is a computer chip/processor in the camera that takes that info and produces a jpeg. RAW bypasses the processor - the processor stays hands-off.
As for making fun of the father-of-the-bride, I find it in very poor taste. As a pastor I've encountered "professional" wedding photographers who hardly knew RAW existed. The bought a DSLR and a copy of Photoshop and went into business. The digital age is blurring the line between professionals and advanced amateurs - and not always for the better. -
January 31, 2011 01:42 am
Also remember the JPG only has 256 values for red, green and blue where the RAW has 4,096 of each. Much more accurate color.
January 30, 2011 03:06 pm
I have been tinkering with RAW and my new Nikon D90 will give me both JPEG and RAW of each shot ... uses lots of memory, but as a newbie I like this option...JPEG is my fallback!
January 30, 2011 01:04 pm
Yay! I finally have a better idea of RAW files, and now understand why I don't like them... :)
January 30, 2011 11:45 am
Thanks Elizabeth, great explanation. I've been using RAW and Bridge/Adobe Camera Raw for almost two years now. The flexibility for exposure & color correction is great. About the only time I shoot in jpeg anymore is when I'm doing sports photography of my kids and I'm shooting 1000's of frames in an afternoon trying to capture the decisive moment. RAW files are so large, they limit how many images you can capture in burst mode.
Tim -
January 30, 2011 11:01 am
Why no mention of the fact that some dslr give you the option to take the shot in both RAW and jpeg at the same time? Is it a bad idea for some reason? I am a noob and for now i take all my shots in the dual-format until i develop the knowledge to do something with the RAW :)
P.S. Thanks for the very informative website you publish!!!
January 30, 2011 10:14 am
I really love this article. I wish I had it when I was starting with digital photography. Thank you!
And I also consider that it would be nice to know how to calibrate my own monitor. I use a laptop and a desktop computer and I can see a huge difference between both monitors. -
January 30, 2011 10:06 am
That's a brilliant explanation for RAW files. It sometimes perplexes my friends when I tell I would have to process the images after a day out and all they think of is PS. Talking about PS, that is a neat link for Picasa. I had no clue about Picasa being able to process RAW. I have been using ViewNX2 for all my image processing. Will give Picasa a try for the next batch.
January 30, 2011 08:35 am
Can you also post some information on how to adjust the monitor? I find that alsointeresting because usually same picture looks different from monitor to monitor. I would like to know at least how to tune up mine to be able to have more control on the picture before being compressed.
Thankyou! -
January 30, 2011 08:31 am
Yet another excellent article from the school. With a great collection of references.
January 30, 2011 08:13 am
UFRaw processes the RAW files and working with GIMP is a good free alternative to Photoshop. Both work hand in hand an stop Abode's lock up on professional photo-editing.
January 30, 2011 08:10 am
Just a quick piece of info, if you're a Canon shooter you very likely own DPP: Digital Photo Professional - a very powerful raw (and jpeg) photo processor that comes on a DVD with your new Canon camera. On the Canon learning website here:
you will find a wonderful set of tutorials to learn how to use it. The longer I have worked with it, (and with the updates that Canon has provided for it) the more powerful I find it. It is not photoshop but it will help you convert and ''develop" your raw Canon files easily. And it is free. IIf you spend the time learning it, your knowledge is transferable to other photo processing programs.Did I say it's free?
January 30, 2011 07:41 am
I love Marea's definition on "digital negative". I was about to blog on the difference of shooting RAW vs Jpeg and this article surely came at the right time :)
January 30, 2011 07:08 am
a raw file won't usually have included the in-camera sharpening that jpeg compression provides
And propably one of the more profound statements in this article.
For those who use Photoshop and CS4 or 5 (I don't believe that earlier version were that good), the adjustment ability in Camera Raw (and speed of use) should be enough to swing the fence-sitters.
A well calbrated screen and printer would set you well on the path to consistently good images
January 30, 2011 06:48 am
Very good, Elizabeth. Short, to the point and in plain english.
I remember being so intimidated by the word RAW until I figured out how much more I could do with a RAW file, and, that it is literally, your digital negative. -
January 30, 2011 06:37 am
Whoops, didn't see that last section (I thought it was part of the page footer)
January 30, 2011 06:36 am
You give two examples of Adobe programs (one of which, ACW, is something you shouldn't even be recommending) and no mention of any others?
January 30, 2011 06:27 am
Great info...but why would you export from camera raw as a jpeg when you can set your preferences to export as an 8 or 16 bit tiff. Tiffs save all your info...jpegs don't. You can then choose to save from adobe the tiff (which I do before saving as a jpeg for website upload)....and only convert to jpeg as a printing option for website or your local printers. :^) When you open and close jpegs they slowly deteriorate over time...becoming worhtless....with a tiff back you can then convert again if needed to jpeg without strating over! :^)
January 30, 2011 06:23 am
Very interesting and well explained for a beginner like me. I am really new to photogaphy and just bought my first dslr this Christmas and I've been reading a lot online about exposure and I'm 'on my way' through the user manual that came along with the camera, and it seems like shooting RAW gives you a lot more control over the image (as far as I understand) - but I myself haven't taken the step into shooting in RAW, although I'd like to, but I was wondering, do you think it would be a better idea to get more experience with ones camera and the whole 'exposure' thing before doing that? - As far as post processing I have no experience whatsoever, and it seems really overwhelming and I don't know where to start on that either? .. Would it be better to start out with something like lightroom or elements before taking the big step to PS? - and post processing is obviously a must if you're shooting in RAW...
January 30, 2011 06:22 am
Very simple explanation...."Photos are never showen confused by print but defined by the Artist"
January 30, 2011 06:10 am
Great article - Thank you! I also enjoyed that LR tutorial in the links below the article. I've been using Bridge and Photoshop, but have been trying to learn LR. The import & catalog and export actions have always been confusing to me, but not anymore! Thanks!
January 30, 2011 06:09 am
the best explanation of RAW I have read AND I understand it................thank you!!
January 30, 2011 05:43 am
See I learned once again, that I have much to learn. I didn't know sharpening was up to me while shooting RAW. I gave been picking up bits and pieces for the last 2 yrs since I picked up the camera again. Is their a basic but not entirely basics digital photog manual out there?
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text: @talentryto- I think that is a great idea! Not only will you get to learn new dance moves, but you can take the ones that work and use them to choreograph your aerobic workout. The moves that you will learn in a dance class are very similar to moves taught by an aerobics instructor, so I think you will be able to use what you learn to put together a unique and fun aerobic workout.


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I'm sure at some point we've had a thread on the H.A.M.B. that thoroughly covered the Polynesian. The Valley Custom built '50 Olds is a legend similar in status to the Hirohata Merc, Kopper Kart, Inman Chrysler, etc... Put simply, it's a car that is ...

To read the rest of this blog entry from The Jalopy Journal, click here.
Beautiful car. The grille/bumper treatment is my favorite of any custom, and it could not possibly be more simple. It is Valley Customs' finest work, and that is saying something. Speaking of custom '50 Oldsmobiles, ever take a look at Ray Goulart's Olds?
The Polynesian is a great custom. It was restored nearby to me and debuted in a special customs class at the Glenmoor Gathering, a local concours, back in 2005. Here is the thread I did about the show with pictures of the Polynesian: http://www.jalopyjournal.com/forum/showthread.php?t=71346&highlight=glenmoor+gathering&showall=1 Last I heard the car was for sale if anyone is interested.
I always felt that that "bumper" was too heavy to use as a "grill". My eyes keep pushing it down closer to the ground. Otherwise, a beautiful custom.
One of my all time favorites. Always a big fan of Valley Customs, the sectioned shoeboxes they turned out (see example) always got my attention. The Polynesian is a perfect example of the "less is more" school. Simple, understated elegance.
Another great execution from 'Valley Custom' although, I always think the roof looks a bit too thick. They did a high percentage of beautifully designed and fabricated customs that, as you say, have stood the test of time.
For the most part customs follow a proven form that resembles a slow liquid like shape taking form from the pavement and inching out. It seems that everyone was striving for the same shape but on their own terms and with individual details to separate them. The Polynesian (and other sectioned cars) deviates from this design. To me is takes cues from Art Deco styled locomotives because of it's induced speed like look put into it's design. They (sectioned cars) always stop people in their tracks (and most don't know why) but this car in car particular is special. Everything meticulously thought out from the grille opening and bumper that dissects it the the sections seats that prove the car was thought of as a whole and not just one certain aspect. It definitely grows on you if not at first but with time. Section jobs can really hurt a car if they are not proportionately done with relation to the rest and this is the ambassador for them all. Beautiful and timeless I will always have a spot for this one in my heart. Love it. The rear tail light trim always makes me think of Vegetable Steamers which is a side note but it's really the thing that sticks in my head when I think about this car. Funny Right?
"The rear tail light trim always makes me think of Vegetable Steamers which is a side note but it's really the thing that sticks in my head when I think about this car. Funny Right?" It's a funny thing that pretty much the only thing I never really liked about this car were the tailights. JeffreyJames analogy to a vegetable steamer must have been the reason, as I wasn't much for veggies back then. Sub-conciously I must have made the connection to the cursed veggies and that is why I don't like the tailights! Otherwise, this car is just spot-on perfect. And, now that I really have learned to love veggies, the tailights have taken on a new glow (pun intended) so they, too, look a-okay. Valley Custom - simply the best of the best.
I have never been a fan of the front end of this car. I find the front bumper to heavy & the grille opening reminds be of a large mouth bass.
I am probably one of the few but I never really cared for the Valley Custom cars. Incredibly built but I always found them top heavy and thought that the pronounced rooflines took away from an otherwise sleek design acomplished by sectioning.
The Polynesian, IMO, blows the Hirohata Merc outta the water..... It's the perfect blend of modifications and restraint. One of my favorites for sure.
its a sexy car for sure, its definatly hard to section a car and keep the proportions looking good, and i always used to put down all sectioned cars... but the more you look at a car like the polynesian, the more you can appreciate its form... at least for me anyway!
I have to agree with oldandcrusty this car drives me nuts. I cringe when I open magazines and see that headlight/tailight trim also I think it has been sectioned way to much!! Even though valley customs was known for that!! Trying to match the sleek lines of those big 3 drawings.. I still have to give them respect for going out of the box on this one!! The car does have some nice features and some of there other cars where absolutely stunning too!!
I can remember a few people concerning LA Roadster Jack Stewart and Polynesian Jack Stewart say that they were not the same guy?
I remember reading a big write-up on this car, in an old car mag, many years ago. It covered the entire build. Seems like it may have been spread out over several issues. It was very detailed coverage on the sectioning, etc.
This thread is timely and I apologise if I am hijacking it. John Ballard of Anderson, Indiana, the builder of the Polynesian II (the clone of the Polynesian) just passed away on the 6th of Feburary. He was 71 years old. The clone is not exactly the right color because John was working from photographs only. He never saw the real car (at least while they were building it). John also owned the 41 Willy's that won "Best Engineered" at the 1971 Street Rod Nationals. At the time of his passing he still owned the Willy's, although it was torn apart for a number of years.
I meant to mention in my earlier post that there is one ugly thing on this car - and I mean REALLY UGLY!! It's those damned yellow seats! Yuck! (image courtesy Rikster's site)
The second versions grill would look good in the 1st one maybe.Its hard to picture it. The rear ''fins" tail lights dont work in my mind.
One of my all time faves as well. And you nailed it with the phrase "Simple, understated elegance." This is what any custom should strive to embody.
Interesting how much disagreement there is over this car. I have always thought that the front end is beautiful, and I don't have a problem with the proportion of greenhouse to body -- until you get back to the quarters. The quarters look pinched; the skirts don't help, and I don't care for the taillights either. I think the rework in post #23 is awful, and didn't improve the car in any way (I had never seen that before). I think it would have looked better with some "hips" -- if the quarters had been sectioned 2" less than the rest of the body, so that the fender line kicked up where the rear fender bulge begins, and with the rear wheels left exposed (no skirts, maybe even radiused wheel wells to match the front). We'll never know, I guess.
I think it was the clone I seen once and I will just say it looks better in person than in pics. I am one of those that have always liked this car too.
Great post Ryan... as always. I have to agree with 50Fraud on this one. It always appeared to me that the body was pie-cut sectioned with to much taken out of the back portion. In my opinion the rear fenders are not tall enough for those tires. However I love this car, and I'm really happy so many magazines back in the days featured in in so many ways. I always looked as this one (as well as many other Valley Custom cars) as a sort of factory concept car. Valley Customs built so many neat parts for this car. Also very happy that the car has been completely restored back into its first version.
i have that issue,,,,,it really goes into quite a lot of detail,,very unusual for the time,,,i think the article is 20+ pages...and very inetersting.........
Everyones thoughts and comments are interesting. Many seem to look at what doesnt meet their expectation or taste. What many are forgetting is that this/these cars are the ones that exposed the custom car to the rest of the world. Hirng a commercial illustrator to do a series of renderings before the build was almost unheard of except at a manufacturer level at the time. You can look at any car and find small details that may not look good in pictures and are dead on in person or vice a versa. Then add in the customer that is initiating the build. Hes paying the bill and will from time to time will make decisions that jeopordize the entire concept. Build a car for someone and you will see how quickly this occurs. Builders like Valley , Barris and the rest had to walk a thin line between customer and concept. The other part of a great custom is it provokes conversation . A great design stops you in your tracks and causes you to start to analize what was done , discuss if the flow right , how did they do that, what were they thinking. Valley Custom Shop designs are still doing this today.


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Ecovacs Deploys D9 Series Floor Cleaning RobotsWednesday December 18th, 2013 - 10:06AM
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Intent on integrating new technology into its product line, Ecovacs Robotics plans to introduce its D9 series, a new generation of Deebot floor cleaning robots, at the 2014 Consumer Electronics Show, the company has announced. The show runs January 7-10 in Las Vegas. According to Ecovacs, the Deebot D9 series incorporates a range of new technologies and represents the most advanced floor cleaning robot product line available. An embedded LDS laser mapping system enables the D9 series to establish and remember the floor maps for cleaning guidance, the company related. Its straight line cleaning technology leads to better and more efficient cleaning, the company asserted, adding that operators can navigate D9 series cleaning robots using a smart phone or tablet via Wi-Fi connection. In doing so, they can schedule cleaning times, the company maintained, see how a D9 series robot has mapped out its path in the space to be cleaned and create barriers around areas they do not wish entered or approached. The D9 series 4-stage cleaning system provides excellent cleaning efficacy, the company stressed. Among the D9 cleaning elements that Ecovacs highlights are a vacuum system deploying six soft brushes with a detachable rolling brush, dual side brushes, a new built-in squeegee and a reusable micro-fiber cloth mop. In addition, because a D9 series robot remembers where it has cleaned, it won't attend the same area twice even if it needs to recharge in the middle of a cleaning task, Ecovacs noted. Tags: floor care • consumer electronics show • ces • ecovacs • d9 • robotic vacuum • Housewares • Vacuum Cleaners/Electric Cleaning • |
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Hampton Forge Collaborates With Chef Loi On Greek Inspired Line
The Housewares Show will culminate what for many in this business has been a busy, compressed winter trade show schedule. The big question at every trade show big and small this year— and every year— ultimately boils down to "What's new?"


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Wale - Unthinkable Freestyle
Unthinkable Freestyle Wale
Editor Rating: HOTTTTT
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Give Unthinkable Freestyle a spin - it's the latest release from Wale, having dropped on Sunday, June 6th, 2010.
Stream Unthinkable Freestyle, the newest drop from Wale. The cut was released on Sunday, June 6th, 2010. Wale continues to impress with each new leak, and Unthinkable Freestyle is no exception. It's strengthens Wale's already impressive body of work, which has seen positive change over the years. We're most definitely anticipating Wale's next offering.
Check out Wale on Workin'. Check out Wale's profile page for the most recent info, news, songs, and mixtapes.
What do y'all think of this joint?


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Delicious, innovative and cutting edge, I Milo Bacic, invite you to experience all that Shade's Zinc has to offer. Zinc has a great atmosphere that anyone can find some excitement in. Whether it's on Cellar Sundays where guests are invited … see full wiki


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As of the end of last month, there's a new drone aircraft in the skies – over Spain, at least. The ATLANTE Unmanned Aerial System is the product of a program run by the Spanish Centre for Industrial Technological Development. It made its first flight on February 28th, at the Rozas airfield in the Spanish city of Lugo.
ATLANTE is equipped with a variety of unspecified automated systems, sensors, and protection systems. It can take off from an unprepared runway, or be launched from a catapult.
Additionally, it was designed to meet standards set for manned aircraft. This means that unlike some similar systems that are limited to use in conflict zones, it will be allowed to fly in civilian airspace.
According to Cassidian, an EADS subsidiary that's one of the partners in the project, ATLANTE is "the first tactical UAS [Unmanned Aerial System] capable of carrying out both civil and military missions." These could include urban and rural surveillance, search and rescue, along with the monitoring of natural disasters or sporting events.
Source: Cassidian
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Getting Down to Work: Building a More Effective Board
Colin B. Carter, Jay W. Lorsch
Publication Date:Oct 16, 2003Discipline:General ManagementSource:Harvard Business Press Chapters |
Product number:9898BC-HCB-ENG Length:23p |
English Hardcopy Black & White
Also Available in:
English Hardcopy Black & White | $ 6.93
This chapter discusses what individual board members need to do to implement real change and make tomorrow's boards more effective than today's.
This chapter is excerpted from "Back to the Drawing Board: Designing Corporate Boards for a Complex World."
learning objective:
To examine the key challenges facing individual board members and provide insight into possible solutions.
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racial term for white people. givin because the bottom of turtle feet are white.
بواسطة BMXisLIFE2239
مايو 5, 2007
What happens to a guy when it is cold out side. also known as tutling
It was cold and ure penis was small, it turtled
بواسطة Josh
فبراير 16, 2005
a half-hour (30 minutes).
Q: "Eh, wat time u like meet?"
A: "Howz in like 2 turtles (60 minutes)"
A: "Howz in like 2 turtles (60 minutes)"
بواسطة randywong
سبتمبر 5, 2003
a girl that is so hot that you would do anything to sleep with her including biting her turtle head off, which in this circumstance means the initial portion of fecal matter that has peaked its head from the buttocks.
"Man that chick is so hot, I would totally bite her turtle head off."
بواسطة Joe Thompson
نوفمبر 26, 2007
When you fart, and a little bit of shit comes out.
Oh fuck, a turtle just came out.
بواسطة LuLu828
يوليو 27, 2005
A flaccid uncut cock without too much foreskin. If the foreskin completely covers the cockhead, it's not a turtle.
It's cold outside, i'm getting a turtle.
بواسطة Ryan
نوفمبر 27, 2004
Old people who walk VERY slow.
Maybe I could get outta this place if these damn turtles whold step up the pace!
بواسطة Kim and Kathy
يونيو 27, 2003


text: 1615 Beaverdam Street Status: Off Market MLS#: 526158 Contact Email this listing Share on Pinterest Share on Google+ Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Calculate Mortgage Print Flyer Get Directions Request a Showing Off Market 1615 Beaverdam Street, Canton, NC 28716 is no longer on the market or has been removed from the MLS. Similar to 1615 Beaverdam Street: Ask an Agent About 1615 Beaverdam Street * Required fields Send Your Question × Monthly Payment Estimator Price: Down Payment: % Loan Amount: Loan Type: 30 Year Fixed 15 Year Fixed 5/1 ARM Interest Rate: % Est. Tax & Insurance: % ($/mo.) × Email a Listing 1615 Beaverdam Street, Canton NC, 28716 From: Name: Email: To: Name: Email: Subject: Message: Take a look at this property I found on ExitAsheville.com: http://www.exitasheville.com/homes/1615-Beaverdam-Street/Canton/NC/28716/25794022/ Send a copy of this message to me Send Email


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The regional character of athletic conferences served the interest of student-athletes as travel, especially in those sports that have games more than once a week, ensured the possibility of attending class, and playing a game on the same day more often than not. For most teams in the Patriot League for example each school is a bus ride away. Baseball teams in particular often have a 4 game series within their leagues during the season. The advent of mega conferences makes it difficult to complete a conference season meeting and still attend class regularly. The mega conference structure always will limit out of conference games with local opponents.
Consider Rutgers who will join the Big Ten, scheduling and playing an Ohio State, or Northwestern, or even Penn State in baseball or field hockey while doing same day travel. It is not possible to be a student at the same time. This fall Rutgers and Maryland announced they will leave the Big East and ACC respectively for the Big Ten ( which is no longer ten schools). Conferences are struggling to offer a complete list of sports. The Western Athletic Conference, the nations sixth oldest FBS league had 16 member in 1996. They have now been emaciated by the PAC-10 , Mountain West, C-USA, and Sun Belt. As result that conference will no longer sponsor football. The Big East will turn into an all-Catholic league primarily with basketball as its focus, and the remaining teams will sponsor football ( with the help of 100 million dollars from the old Big East). But what happens to the "minor" sports? Will the Villanova soccer team play Creighton in Nebraska now, or will we see the advent of sports specific conferences for the "minor" sports or associate membership in other conferences for other sports. A Villanova membership in the Patriot League for every sport but basketball makes fiscal sense and rationalizes the term "student-athlete."
Athletic ambitions aside, student-athletes, parents and recruits should be aware of the travel demands they will have to make at some schools. Students are in school ultimately to get an education and the dream of being a major league baseball player or securing a spot on the olympic field hockey team is a very remote possibility for the great majority of high school college hopefuls.
The Patriot League has found that balance of regional association and academic integrity while still maintaining a competitive posture in division 1. For that, the schools, the officers of league and the students themselves should be proud. It is now a major player in lacrosse,and is approaching that in field hockey. It is competitive in basketball while demonstrating that in recent NCAA tournaments. More importantly the league has moved to keep it's academic integrity while remaining competitive by having the individual schools expanded scholarship opportunities. For that I extend a hearty "well done."
Recent moves to expand the league are well conceived, and insure the continuation of the Patriot League as an icon for the way athletics fit into a student's life. However, the league should consider expanded associate membership for schools like Villanova, and Johns Hopkins in lacrosse. The possibility of expanding the league in the "minor" sports on a regional basis would serve its members well and students better.


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Entry for our 2013-2014 First Snow contest is closed, thanks for checking, we'll be announcing the winner here as soon as we hit 6 inches - stay tuned...
Sorry for the late update, we announced on Facebook but didn't update here until now. We received 7 1/2 inches of snow on October 4, congrats to our winner, Ashley!
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Children aged less than five were administered polio drops as part of the Pulse Polio National Immunisation Drive here on Sunday. The State-wide drive was launched in the morning by Chief Minister D.V. Sadananda Gowda, who administered the vaccine to a few children at his home office.
The drive in the city was inaugurated by Transport and Home Minister R. Ashok who administered polio drops to children at the Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagara Palike's (BBMP) Dasappa Maternity Hospital.
He urged parents to get their wards vaccinated against polio, and thereby contribute towards making the State polio-free.
He said that since 2008, there have been no reported cases of polio in the State. Last year, the officials had managed to reach 99.82 per cent of the target set. This year, he hoped that they would meet 100 per cent of the target. The second phase of the drive will be held on April 1.
Mayor Sharadamma said that with just two drops of the vaccination, parents could ensure that their wards are healthy for the remainder of their lives.
Towards making Bangalore a polio-free city, the drive was taken up with vigour at the civic body's referral hospitals, family health welfare centres, maternity hospitals, big pharmacies and bus and railways stations.
A BBMP official monitoring the drive said that the stress was on covering children of nomadic tribes and construction workers in the city.
The official said that the health workers had been directed to cover all the 9,275 children of nomadic tribes.
The target this year is to cover 6.51 lakh children in the city.
At the end of day one, 5,51,337 children were covered, which is 84.75 per cent of the target. The drive will continue for three days.
The BBMP had set up 78 planning units, 1,800 fixed booths, deployed 310 mobile teams and 266 mobile booths. As many as 8,352 vaccinators and 417 supervisors were involved in the drive. Special booths were set up in malls as well this year, the official added.
Rotary Bangalore Sadashivnagar (District 3190), in association with private hospitals, conducted the drive covering nearly 1,500 children. Gandhinagar MLA Dinesh Gundu Rao launched the drive at the Kempe Gowda bus station.
As many as 11 booths were set up at the intra-State bus terminus, while nine booths were set up at the intra-city BMTC bus station. In each booth, there were four nursing staff. In all, 80 nursing staff were appointed for the immunisation drive.
"It is our aim to eradicate polio from the country. Our efforts have been appreciated by many international agencies. We will continue this drive in phases for the rest of the year," said Rtn. B.L. Nagendra Prasad, president of Rotary Sadashivnagar.
'There have been no reported polio cases since 2008' Last year, 99.82 per cent of target was achieved


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American Craft Beer Fest returns to Boston on May 29 & 30, featuring 640+ beers from 140+ brewers. Tickets are on sale now.
Enlightenment Ales
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Mopar oil catch can
I saw on the website that there is finally a mopar oil catch can. Is there any date as to when they will be available or a price set for them? All it says is coming soon.
Thanks |
Yes there is huge interest in these and we cant wait until they are available. The manufacturer cannot disclose any details as per the contract with Mopar and Mopar has no ETA as of yet :sad:
We will surely announce these when available. Thank you for your interest -Benny |
Can you give us a heads up once they are released?
Thank you for your interest! |
Unfortunately this item will not be offered or available from Mopar.
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Assegnate 5 su 5 stelle
Gorgeous! :)
Thanks. You must be thinking Christmas!
A beautiful landscape Assegnate 5 su 5 stelle
Since it seems that we get no snow in Denmark for Christmas, but gets the warmest December ever measured here, it's nice that we can get this beautiful winter scenery on the PC.


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Police search for robbery suspects
Posted: 12/31/2012 - Police continue to search for two robbers in Whitley County who held up a grocery store.
Posted: 12/31/2012 - Police continue to search for two robbers in Whitley County who held up a grocery store.
Posted: 12/28/2012 - Friends and family are remembering a southern Kentucky woman killed in a crash on Interstate 75.
Posted: 12/27/2012 - Litterbugs wanting to get rid of unwanted garbage have often turned to illegal dump sites, and Whitley County is no exception. But thanks to a state grant, some dumps there should soon be a thing of the past.
Updated: 12/28/2012 - The driver police say is responsible for a deadly crash in Knox County had a lengthy criminal history, and some say he should have been off the road and behind bars.
Posted: 12/24/2012 - Deputies made the arrests Saturday night after responding to a complaint involving a possible meth lab.
Posted: 12/21/2012 - Gov. Steve Beshear announced that the Kentucky Pride Fund has awarded $2.1 million to clean up 172 dumps.
Posted: 12/19/2012 - Records show a brutality claim against some Whitley County Sheriff's Deputies was settled for $140,000.
Updated: 12/19/2012 - Records show a brutality claim against some Whitley County Sheriff's Deputies was settled for $140,000.
Updated: 12/19/2012 - Republican state Rep. Sara Beth Gregory has won a special election for a Senate seat from southern Kentucky, defeating Williamsburg teacher and Democrat Bill Conn by more than a 4-1 margin to replace former Sen. David Williams.
Posted: 12/18/2012 - David Williams recently resigned from his senate seat to accept a position as a circuit judge. A special election was held Tuesday in the 16th district to choose his successor. While election officials say this is a very important race, they are not expecting much of a turnout and say most folks probably just stayed home.
Posted: 12/18/2012 - Williamsburg City police officers have spent a lot of time in their city school building this week.
Updated: 12/17/2012 - A school bus crash sent several people to the hospital Monday morning.
Updated: 12/13/2012 - There have been several break-ins and thefts in Corbin in the last few days and now police need your help catching the crooks.
Posted: 12/13/2012 - The Whitley County Sheriff's Department was assisted by Kentucky State Police, Williamsburg Police Department, Constable Lonnie Foley and Constable Andy Moses in the drug round-up.
Posted: 12/12/2012 - Police are now looking for a green Chevrolet Avalanche they think could be connected to the crimes.
Posted: 12/12/2012 - Swirls Cupcakery in Corbin normally sells cupcakes by the dozen. Employees thought it would be fun to tie in the 12-12-12 date with the dozen.
Updated: 12/12/2012 - Police say thieves broke-in to the Subway in Forest Hills and the McDonald's on Master Street. Police believe the burglaries are connected.
Posted: 12/12/2012 - The scholarship is awarded to students who are customers or whose parent or guardian is a customer of Appalachian Wireless.
Updated: 12/11/2012 - A Kentucky woman has lost her battle with a rare case of fungal meningitis. Family members tell us Tabatha Muncy, 28, died Monday night at UK hospital.
Updated: 12/11/2012 - Friends and family in Whitley County are mourning the loss of Cathy Hall.
Posted: 12/05/2012 - An organization that helps small business owners navigate the business world just opened a new office in Corbin. Some area businesses are already benefiting from the group's advice.
Posted: 12/05/2012 - Board members with the Bell-Whitley Community Action Agency are searching for a new executive director.
Updated: 12/04/2012 - A documentary by a Kentucky educator has won an award at a Florida film festival.
Posted: 12/03/2012 - The Kentucky Industrial Hemp Commission will meet on Friday, December 7, 2012 at 10 a.m. EST at the office of the Kentucky Department of Agriculture, Office of Agriculture Commissioner James Comer, 111 Corporate Drive, Frankfort, Kentucky. The meeting is open to the public, and all are welcome to attend.
Posted: 12/02/2012 - WHITLEY COUNTY, Ky. (WKYT/WYMT) - A southern Kentucky teenager is in critical condition after he was hit while driving a motor bike.


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Al Akhbar English
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Updated Feb 27 6:17pm
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World Cup fans killed as Israel bombs a Gaza cafe
AFP journalist John Davison reports on how a group of World Cup watchers were decimated by an Israeli strike on the cafe they were gathered at. The...
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World Cup raises foreign flags, Lebanese questions
Bassel Habbab
Every four years, the World Cup throws Lebanon into a frenzy. Giant flags are hung across buildings and streets, cafes rent the newest, biggest...
Friday, June 6, 2014
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Palestinian Arab Idol winner excluded from World Cup ceremony
Arab Idol winner and Gaza Strip resident Mohammed Assaf said this week that he has been banned from performing at the 2014 football World Cup opening...
Friday, February 14, 2014
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Chilean football club sparks Israeli outrage with pro-Palestinian uniform
A Chilean football club has sparked debate over its new jerseys, in which the number "1" is replaced by an outline of pre-1948 Palestine, angering...
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Lebanese referee charged for match-fixing begins trial in Singapore
A Lebanese football referee jailed for accepting sex in exchange for agreeing to rig matches testified Monday that a Singaporean businessman used...
Monday, July 15, 2013
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Singapore jails Lebanese football referee for accepting sex bribe
A Lebanese football referee was jailed for six months Tuesday after pleading guilty to accepting free sex from a gambling-linked syndicate which...
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Pushing the Ultras Off the Pedestal
Cairo - Hailed for two years for their role in confronting security forces during and after the 2011 uprising, the football fan groups known as the...
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Lebanon's Football Match-Fixing: For the Love of Money
Charbel Krayem
On Tuesday, 24 Lebanese footballers were suspended based on accusations of match-fixing. Al-Akhbar looks at the shady locker room deals that had...
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24 Lebanese footballers suspended over game fixing
Lebanese and Asian football authorities suspended 24 players involved in bribery and game fixing Tuesday, following a three-month investigation into...
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Recipe: Kimchi Tofu Summer Rolls Poking around the fridge and pantry the other day, I unearthed several ingredients from my boyfriend's heritage (Korean kimchi) and my own (Vietnamese noodles and rice paper wrappers) and I wondered, why not combine them into one dish? This is a little twist on the traditional Vietnamese gơi cuốn, or summer rolls, filled with fresh vegetables, golden tofu, and the spicy, tangy crunch of pickled cabbage. Plenty of sesame oil and a dipping sauce with chili powder provide a robust Korean kick. The verdict? We wished we had doubled the recipe!
Quick Tip: Crispy Tofu Without the Fat Battered and fried is one of our favorite ways to eat tofu - like most things! It gets crispy on the outside and custard-like on the inside, and it makes a great companion to chewy rice and crunchy vegetables. But this is a treat we normally save for eating out. When we're cooking a stir-fry at home, we use a slightly different technique.
Vegan Breakfast: Springtime Tofu Scramble Some people may look at tofu scramble as an alternative to scrambled eggs but like a lot of vegan food, this dish is taste-worthy in its own right. And it's not just for breakfast! Read on for the recipe and a list of variations.
Obssessing Over Perfect Tofu in Kyoto Bon Appétit We're focusing on How To this month, with lots of pointers on how to make stuff in the kitchen. But we're fascinated by how things get made outside the kitchen too. Take tofu, for instance. A recent Bon Appétit article explored the place where perhaps tofu reaches perfection: Kyoto.
Recipe: Bánh Mì with Lemongrass Tofu If you happen to live in Saigon/Ho Chi Minh City, Southern California, New York, or anywhere with a Vietnamese population, we hope you have experienced the wonders of bánh mì – baguettes filled with pickled carrots and daikon, fresh cilantro, and meat or tofu. The sandwiches are crisp, salty, tangy, and sweet, the perfect marriage of French and Vietnamese influences. But if you don't have a local bánh mì shop or just want to make a vegetarian version at home, here's a recipe for a flavor-packed lunch or dinner.
Cool Inspiration: Alicia's Cold Tofu Salad Stay Cool! Name: AliciaLocation: Westchester, New YorkHow are you staying cool? Cold salads and breakfast for dinner...
Recipe: Bún Chay (Vietnamese Vegetarian Noodle Salad) Recipes from The Kitchn Escape the heat, escape from rigid recipes, escape to new flavors ... It's Escapes Month at The Kitchn, and here's one of the most relaxed and refreshing dishes we can imagine.
Recipe: Tofu and Strawberry Tart Guest Post from Gasparzinha of No Soup For You Using tofu in a dessert may seem a little awkward; at least, that's what I thought about the idea. But there's nothing but to give it a try! The verdict: fantastic! Nobody can guess there's tofu in it. Delicious and light, perfect to eat without guilt.
Vegetarian Skewers Five Ways While grilling is traditionally considered a meat-oriented pursuit, there's no need for vegetarians or veg-friendly omnivores to miss out on the pleasures of grill-cooked food. Here are five ideas for building flavorful and filling vegetarian skewers or kabobs, along with some recipes for inspiration.
National Food Roundup: Tofu with Korean Chili Powder From Nationwide Newspaper Food Sections 05.13.09 In this week's roundup, easy weeknight meals that don't skimp on flavor, plus aebleskivers, a seed that tastes like a "nutty angel food cake" and a roasted leg of lamb with anchovies.


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VIEWS: 5 PAGES: 2 CATEGORY: Markets / Industries POSTED ON: 6/27/2010
Title: The Marketing Principles of a Business Word Count: 368 Summary: If you are truly serious about making a success out of your business in the long run then there are several factors that if applied correctly and efficiently will make your sales explode to stardom in your market area. Keywords: The Marketing Principles of a Business Article Body: If you are truly serious about making a success out of your business in the long run then there are several factors that if applied correctly and efficiently will make your sales explode to stardom in your market area. Value for money The reader feels and thinks he or she is getting their moneys worth. This is a vital marketing principle to boosting your sales. If this objective is achieved then you have essentially done all the hard work, convince your prospects that the product you are offering them is worth substantially more than the price your selling it at. It is also important that you market products within your means (financially); ideally you should have purchased a copy of the product, this is a key marketing principle that will help you when it is time to market the product as you should have familiarised yourself with it. Also, consider offering free gifts with your products (See Marketing Principle 3); make the customer really feel they are really getting their moneys worth. Unique Some of the most effective advertisements are those that are original, captivating and distinctive. The more unique and captivating you are able to convey your products, the better the customer response. Creating mailing lists and newsletters is also another key marketing principle of effectively establishing yourself while building up your rapport with customers; it is definitely something you should look to explore. Relevance Make sure when you market a product, that you supplement it with a tightly focussed offer. Having an offer that relates specifically to your product is a very effective marketing principle of establishing credibility. Relevance is important; never venture beyond your given niche. Desirability Something can be great value for money, but it doesn't necessarily mean I want to buy it nor does it mean a customer would want to buy it. As a result alleviating the desirability of your product is a crucial marketing principle. As a method you can try enlisting part of your product as a premium which should not be to hard to accomplish with information products. As a marketing principle, concise wording is very important and if used effectively should put your products in a more favourable position.


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Celebrity Kids Pictures For Week of Aug. 20-26, 2012
Celebaby Roundup
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Celebaby Roundup
From birthday bashes to afternoon tea, the stars and their kids had a weekend filled with Summer fun. Katie Holmes accompanied Suri Cruise and a friend during tea time in NYC, while Nicole Richie got a sweet kiss from Sparrow at a friend's birthday party in LA. Sarah Michelle Gellar and Charlotte Prinze both sported stylish sunglasses on the way to ballet, and Gwen Stefani hit the beach with Zuma on the West Coast. There was much more action with the celebs and their tots this weekend, so be sure to click through the rest of the adorable shots!
Read More Celebrity Baby RoundupCelebrity Babies
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- 11 photos that show birth is beautiful, no matter which method you choose — HuffPost Parents
- Michelle Williams on being a single mom in show business: I'm exhausted! — People Moms & Babies
- If babies used Pinterest — BabyCenter Blog
- 6 things everyone needs to know about girls and cliques — Real Simple
Latest Moms


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COMPUTER ASSOCIATES GRANT EMPOWERS TWO UNDERPRIVILEGED NY SCHOOLS. Computer Associates (http://www.ca.com) has awarded a $30,000 grant to MPowering Kids (http://www.mpoweringkids.org), a nonprofit organization that provides tutoring, mentoring, and cultural enrichment for underprivileged children. The grant will be used to purchase laptop computers, wireless Internet connections, educational software, printers, digital cameras, and a multimedia projector for new mobile technology labs at Drexel Avenue Elementary School and Westbury Middle School in New York. MPowering Kids has alsocreated a comprehensive technology curriculum designed to fullyleverage the capabilities of thenew technology labs and helpintegrate technology intolearning. This will enable studentsto improve their corecontent skills, while preparingthemselves for their academicand professional futures.
This article originally appeared in the 11/01/2005 issue of THE Journal.
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Success in a 1-to-1 environment depends on strong leaders who build a culture of innovation and collaboration. Learn the key things that you need to know for a successful 1-to-1 rollout at your school. Read more...
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What does COES stand for?
What does COES mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: COES.
We've found a total of 6 definitions for COES:
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COES | Centers of Excellence | ||||
COES | Currency Order Execution System | ||||
COES | Confederación de Organizaciones Empresariales de Santander | ||||
COES | Creekside Oaks Elementary School | ||||
COES | College Of Engineering And Science | ||||
COES | Certificate of Educational Studies |
Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web!
"COES." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 2 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/COES>.


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Posted 14 August 2014 - 10:42 AM
Posted 14 August 2014 - 03:39 PM
Posted 14 August 2014 - 04:39 PM
lol dude did you read the program schedule. 2 minute program showing highlights from our 2013 season haha. i think you skimmed it and it didnt register so far though, nice debut.
Posted 14 August 2014 - 05:31 PM
Posted 14 August 2014 - 07:08 PM
Du-te la dracu 'LSU
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