text:
Helsingin yliopisto
Helsingfors universitet
University of Helsinki
På svenska
In English
Entire archive
Current collection
Advanced Search
Bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta
Bio- ja ympäristötieteellinen tiedekunta
Browse by
By Issue Date
Recent Submissions
Genetic profiling of the interactions between soft rot Pectobacterium species and plants
Broberg, Martin
Helsingin yliopisto
The interactions between phytopathogenic bacteria and their host plants can be characterized as an intricate web of signals and appropriate responses. Phytopathogenic soft rot bacteria occur globally, causing disease in Solanum tuberosum (potato) and other tubular staple foods in both the field and storage. One widely studied soft rot bacterium is Pectobacterium wasabiae, which has been identified in Eutrema wasabi (wasabi) plants in Japan and in potatoes in Finland. Generally, the interactions between this type of bacterium and host plants are characterized by maceration of plant tissue, due to the actions of secreted plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDE), and the induction of phytohormone dependent defenses in the plants. The maceration of plant tissue involves the release of pectic oligogalacturonides (OGs) from plant cell walls. OGs have been identified as important signaling compounds, inducing the expression of a variety of defense-related genes. As the bacterial infection advances, the bacteria coordinate the production of virulence factors by utilizing regulatory proteins that modulate the transcriptome. Transcriptomic analyses have been used extensively in past studies to identify regulatory networks and signaling pathways, and these studies have provided insights into the processes underlying plant-pathogen interactions. The novel scientific results of this dissertation are derived from a combination of transcriptomic, genomic, genetic, and phenotypic analyses. This study analyzed various aspects of plant-pathogen interactions. The central bacterial model used was P. wasabiae, and the model plant of interest was Arabidopsis thaliana. This study characterized the genome of P. wasabiae via sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. Various virulence associated genes and operons, such as two distinct type 6 secretion systems, were identified and annotated. The bacterium was found to in fact be more related to P. wasabiae than Pectobacterium carotovorum, which the strain originally had been named after. Furthermore, a combination of functional genetics and transcriptomic methods, such as reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and microarrays, were used to determine the regulons controlled by the proteins ExpA and RsmA in P. wasabiae. These two proteins have been identified as important for the virulence of several γ-proteobacterial pathogens. This study analyzed the regulons via the use of three mutants: expA, rsmA, and an expA rsmA double mutant (DM). Overlapping and independently regulated targets were identified between ExpA and RsmA. Phenotypic assays for motility, growth, PCWDE activity, and virulence confirmed the transcriptomic data for the mutant strains. Novel findings included reduction of swimming motility in agar medium for P. wasabiae expA and rsmA mutants. In addition, the DM exhibited enhanced virulence and fitness in planta compared to either single mutant. Via analysis of transcriptomic data, a subset of genes was identified as affected in expression by an expA mutation independently of the presence of rsmA. The relatively unexplored role of short OGs (with a degree of polymerization (DP) less than 10) in damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) signaling in A. thaliana was characterized in this study. Comparative gene expression profiling based on RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR was performed on RNA harvested from plants treated with short OGs or with a mock suspension. Phenotypic assays confirmed the gene expression data. In a meta-data analysis, the resulting RNA sequencing and RT-qPCR data were compared with gene expression data from previous studies, in which long OGs (DP more than 10) were used to treat plants. This work demonstrated that short and long OGs induce genes and genesets associated with pathogen defense and phytohormone signaling, whereas reducing plant growth and development. The transcriptomic data of this study suggests that plant treatment with a mixture of short or long OGs yields a more pronounced and varied modulation of global gene expression, compared to treatment with only trimeric OGs. The regulation of the virulence of P. wasabiae, and the DAMP signaling triggered by plant cell wall damage in A. thaliana, are elements of the interactions between the plant and pathogen. The studies presented in this dissertation provide novel information about these two biological processes and highlights their connection.
Biological effects of contaminants in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) transplanted in northern Baltic Sea coastal areas
Turja, Raisa
Helsingin yliopisto
Biomarkers measured in organisms are sensitive molecular, cellular or individual level biological effects, which can be applied as early-warning signals of environmental contamination before damage occurs at population, community or ecosystem levels. In this thesis, a suite of biomarkers and tissue concentrations of chemicals were measured in mussels (Mytilus trossulus) as indicators of environmental pollution. The mussels were transplanted in specially made cages in coastal areas of the northern Baltic Sea influenced by different types of contamination and environmental factors. The aims of the research were to apply the biomarker approach to (1) assess the impact of contaminants on the health status of mussels, (2) investigate the effects of seasonal variability in biotic and abiotic factors, and low salinity, and (3) validate the usefulness of the mussel caging method for biomonitoring of chemical contamination in the northern Baltic Sea. The results showed marked biomarker responses coinciding with higher concentrations of contaminants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organotins and trace metals, in mussels caged at the most contaminated study sites. At the contaminated sites, for example the enzymatic biomark¬ers of the antioxidant defense system indicated higher stress level, which was closely linked to elevated level of DNA-damage, increased biotransformation activity and decreased general health status of the cells. Biomarker responses and tissue contaminant concentrations were also related to the seasonal variability in growth and especially in soft tissue weight of the mussels. In the northern Baltic Sea the mussels almost fully deplete their energy stores during the winter; in the spring mussels efficiently feed on the fresh phytoplankton, which forms the main source of energy for their reproduction, energy metabolism and growth. Natural environmental factors caused less variation in the biomarker responses in the late summer and autumn suggesting that this time period is the most suitable for studying contaminant induced effects in mussels. More pronounced effects were observed in mussels exposed jointly to low salinity and chemical contamination, indicating that increased environmental stress reduces the tolerance of mussels towards anthropogenic pressures. This work showed that the mussel caging approach is an efficient biomonitoring method to assess biological effects and tissue accumulation of complex mixtures of contaminants as long as the effects of seasonal variability and low salinity are taken into account.
Composition and structure of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) grain in relation to end uses
Holopainen-Mantila, Ulla
Helsingin yliopisto
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is a globally important grain crop. The composition and structure of barley grain is under genotypic and environmental control during grain development, when storage compounds (mainly starch and protein), are accumulated. Grain structure plays a significant role in malting and feed- and food-processing quality of barley. Hordeins, the major storage proteins in barley grains, are centrally located in the endosperm forming a matrix surrounding starch granules, but their role in the structural properties of barley grain is not completely understood. Thus, the main aim of the current study was to demonstrate the role of hordeins in barley grain structure. The dependence of the grain structure on the growth environment, in particular with respect to day-length and sulphur application relevant to northern growing conditions, was studied. The effects of the grain structure on end use properties in milling as well as in hydration and modification during malting were characterized. The longer photoperiod typical to latitudes in Southern Finland resulted in a C hordein fraction, entrapped by aggregated B and D hordeins, being more deeply located in the endosperm of barley cultivar Barke. Thus the impact of the growing environment on hordein deposition during grain filling was observed both at the tissue and subcellular level. However, the mechanism behind the differential accumulation of C hordein remains unclear. The deeper localization of entrapped C hordein was linked to improved hydration of grains during malting in three barley cultivars. Thus, the role of the subaleurone region in barley grain was found to be significant with respect to end use quality. Moreover, the results suggest that the growing environment affects the end-use properties of barley and that especially the northern growing conditions have a positive impact on barley processing quality. The influence of sulphur application on hordein composition in the Northern European growing conditions was demonstrated for the first time. Asparagine and C hordein served as nitrogen storage pools when the S application rate was lower than 20 mg S / kg soil, whereas total hordein and B hordein contents increased with higher S application rates. The current study also showed that even when sulphur is sufficiently available in field conditions, the hordein composition may react to sulphur application. The observed sulphur responses were in accordance with those reported earlier for hordein composition. This indicates that the more intensive growth rhythm induced in northern growing conditions does not alter greatly the effect of sulphur on grain composition. The current study confirmed that the main grain components: starch, protein and β-glucan, influence grain processing properties including milling, hydration and endosperm modification. However, their influence on endosperm texture (hardness or steeliness), which also affects the performance of barley grains in these processes, cannot be directly derived or estimated on the basis of the grain composition. The results obtained suggest that hordeins should also be taken into account in the evaluation of the processing behaviour of barley grains.
Diamond-like carbon binding peptides evolutionary selection, characterization, and engineering
Gabryelczyk, Bartosz
Helsingin yliopisto
The possibility of controlling interactions at interfaces and surfaces of solid materials is highly interesting for a wide range of materials-related nanotechnological applications, for example, colloidal systems, adhesives, biosensors, biomimetic composite and biomedical materials. In Nature, many proteins and peptides possess the ability to recognize, specifically bind, and modify the surfaces of solid materials through sophisticated mechanism of molecular recognition. These properties have been developed during evolution via successive cycles of random mutations and selection. The natural evolution processes can be mimicked in the laboratory scale with the use of a directed evolution approach, for instance, based on the selection of short material-specific peptides from the combinatorial libraries displayed on the surface of bacteriophages or bacterial cells. Selected from billions of different variants, material-specific peptides can be studied by experimental and computational methods to define their sequence, structure, and binding properties. Subsequently, they can be engineered in order to improve their binding affinity and tailor their function for practical applications. The studies presented in this thesis show how phage display was used to identify peptides binding to diamond-like carbon (DLC). DLC is an amorphous form of carbon, with chemical and physical properties resembling natural diamond. It is used as a coating material in many industrial and biomedical applications. Peptides binding to DLC were selected form a combinatorial phage display library. Their binding and molecular basis of the function were investigated in different molecular contexts (when displayed on the phage surface, forming fusion proteins, or present in free soluble form), using multiple independent methods. It was also demonstrated that the peptides can be used in nanotechnological applications, i.e., as a self-assembling coating on the DLC surface, and for controlling properties of a colloidal form of DLC. Besides finding and characterizing peptides binding to DLC, the thesis also highlights different challenges of the directed evolution techniques, for example, selection of target unrelated peptides during biopanning, and the necessity of multiple independent ways of analyzing the functionality of selected peptides.
Embracing uncertainty in fisheries stock assessment using Bayesian hierarchical models
Pulkkinen, Henni
Helsingin yliopisto
Overfishing and environmental changes impose high risks on the wellbeing of the world's fish stocks. It is commonly acknowledged that fisheries management should be risk averse, following the principles of the precautionary approach, but unfortunately the statistical stock assessment methods often lack the ability to estimate the uncertainties related to their results. Further challenges arise from the fact that stocks which are in the most desperate need of a stock assessment are often data poor and resources to gather new data from them are scarce. Bayesian statistical inference can be utilized to conduct stock assessments cost-efficiently since these methods provide a formal way to combine information from various sources including databases, literature and expert knowledge. Bayesian inference is essentially a learning process where existing information is combined into a prior distribution, which is further updated with the most recent data. The result, a posterior distribution, expresses the best available knowledge about the phenomenon, including the related uncertainty. Furthermore, Bayesian hierarchical models enable learning between similar units, for example, stocks of the same or related species. This thesis consists of four studies that use Bayesian hierarchical models to improve knowledge in the fisheries stock assessment. Correlations between biological parameters, arising from different life history strategies among species, are utilized in paper [I] so that a data rich set of length-weight parameters can reduce the uncertainty of length-fecundity parameters for a data poor species. In paper [II], similarities between stocks of Atlantic salmon are used to estimate the stock specific key parameters of eggs-to-smolts relationship. A predictive distribution of this key parameter is also estimated, and could be used as an informative prior in a subsequent study of another Atlantic salmon stock. In addition, a hierarchical model is built to study structural uncertainty, estimating posterior probabilities of competing functional forms that describe the eggs-to-smolts survival at different juvenile densities. The Bayesian approach makes it possible to conduct analyses sequentially, as in the case of Baltic salmon stock assessment reviewed in paper [III]. Sequential analysis is useful if a stock assessment is complex and computational power does not enable analysis of all observation models at the same time. Thus, the Bayesian methods permit the creation of complex model frameworks, where incentives for structural choices arise rather from the biological process, than from the requirements or limitations of the datasets. The analysis of acoustic survey information to estimate herring resources at Bothnian Sea (paper [IV]) is another example of a computationally intensive model that has been built on the basis of available background information. This includes on one hand, the technical knowledge about the survey, and on the other hand, the biological knowledge about the spatial distribution of the fish.
Precautionary management of Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua callaris) under different harvesting and environmental scenarios.
Isomaa, Marleena
Helsingin yliopisto
The purpose of this thesis was to increase knowledge of heavily harvested cod stock dynamics and attain information for more suitable and sustainable management strategies. Achieving sustainable management strategies requires sufficient knowledge about the population dynamics. One tool for research this is to introduce stochastic variation models in investigated species stock dynamics. As a model species we use eastern Baltic Sea cod (Gadus morhua callarias), where the population dynamics are strongly influenced by environmental factors and fishing. We consider the stock dynamics and recovery potential under three different harvest strategies (proportional, threshold) and environmental noise scenarios. We developed age-structured discrete-time population models that include interactions with the environmental factors, e.g. salinity, fishing and natural mortality. Our results show that under current environmental conditions and threshold harvest methods cod fishing is at a sustainable level. Precautionary management ensures the best economical incomes and sustainable stocks in the long run, despite environmental fluctuations or moratoria. Results also reveal how the unpredictability of stock size, catch, and recovery increase with increasing environmental autocorrelation. Initial age structure has a strong impact on population recovery capacity in the short run, especially in over-harvested populations and under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. Protection of younger age groups will substantially increase the recovery potential and will increase the maximum sustainable yield considerably. As a whole, precautionary harvesting strategies will increase the stock resilience against adverse environmental conditions and harvesting, guaranteeing sustainable yields in the future.
Molecular regulation of embryonic mammary gland development
Voutilainen, Maria
Helsingin yliopisto
Mammary gland development begins during embryogenesis with the formation of species-typical number of mammary placodes that emerge along the flanks of the embryo at conserved positions. By birth, the mammary primordium has undergone branching morphogenesis and displays a small ductal tree with several branches. The organ development and growth continues throughout postnatal life and the mammary gland matures to functional form only during pregnancy and following lactation. Ectodysplasin (Eda), a member of the tumour necrosis factor family, is one of the key regulators of epithelial appendage development in all vertebrates. In humans, mutations in the Eda gene, or in other components of the signalling pathway, cause hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), a disorder characterized by sparse hair, missing teeth, and defects in several exocrine glands including the breast. Previous studies have shown that transgenic overexpression of Eda (K14-Eda mice) in the developing ectoderm leads to formation of ectopic mammary placodes, which give rise to supernumerary glands in the adult mice. Otherwise, effects of Eda signalling in the mammary gland have been fairly unknown. Here I have analysed the role of Eda in prepubertal mammary gland development. Characterization of the mammary glands of Eda gain- (K14-Eda) and loss-of-function (Eda−/−) mice revealed that the branching morphogenesis of the organs correlated with Eda levels. Overexpression of Eda induced precocious and accelerated branching whereas lack of Eda reduced number of ductal tips. Furthermore, Eda induced supernumerary mammary placode formation not only on the flank but also in the neck region. Analysis of the mouse line with suppressed NF-kappaB signaling (IκBαΔN mice) revealed that the transcription factor is a major mediator of Eda in the mammary gland. NF-kappaB activity was shown to be necessary for the ability of Eda to induce supernumerary mammary primordia and to accelerate branching morphogenesis. With a candidate gene approach and genome wide-profiling several potent Eda target genes were identified in the mammary gland. Among them were members of the Wnt/beta-cat pathway. The obtained results suggest that Eda promotes mammary cell fate by enhancing canonical Wnt pathway activity and other effects of Eda are cooperatively mediated by certain Wnt family members in addition to other factors. To study mammary placode formation and branching morphogenesis and to assess roles of individual downstream factors or pathways, ex vivo culture systems were developed and utilized in this thesis work.
Swimming through troubled waters : Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea and parasites of the threespine stickleback
Budria, Alexandre
Helsingin yliopisto
Recent research has strongly linked disease emergence and resurgence with human-induced environmental change. Habitat alteration, biodiversity loss, pollution, climate change and introduced species are nowadays considered potential threats to human and wildlife health. However, the impacts of these changes are not always so clear. Recent findings indicate that anthropogenic disturbances may favour the transmission of some parasites, but can also be disadvantageous to others. The aim of this thesis is to determine how human-induced environmental change affects host-parasite interactions by using anthropogenic eutrophication of the habitat of the threespine stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus, and its macroparasites as a model system. The different parts of the thesis focus on the influence of anthropogenic disturbances on epidemics, and on the ecological mechanisms underlying the observed patterns. After reviewing current knowledge about the influence of human-induced environmental change on host-parasites interactions, I focus on epidemiological patterns in fish populations inhabiting eutrophied waters, which vary in the extent of eutrophication. By analysing the data in respect to the degree of environmental disturbance and the knowledge about the biology of the parasites and their hosts, I develop hypotheses regarding the different mechanisms explaining the observed patterns. To test these hypotheses, I perform statistical modelling and experimental work focusing on the two most prevalent endoparasites in the studied stickleback populations, i.e. the eye fluke Diplostomum spp. and the tapeworm Schistocephalus solidus. The different approaches used in my thesis reflect the complexity of host-parasite systems and the need to mix theory, monitoring and experimental work to estimate the impact of human-induced environmental change on host-parasite interactions. Finally I point out areas that are in need of further investigation in order to elucidate the consequences of human activities for ecosystems and to build a predictive framework for how global change can affect parasitic diseases.
Systematizing morphology: a total evidence approach to ditrysian phylogenetics (Lepidoptera)
Heikkilä, Maria
Helsingin yliopisto
Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) are one of the most diverse and species-rich groups of organisms. Currently, the number of described species is close to 160.000, but it is estimated that the true number of species could be as high as half a million. Nearly 99% of all Lepidoptera belong to the more advanced subclade Ditrysia. The focus of this thesis is the evolutionary history of the enormous ditrysian clade. The relatedness between the 30 ditrysian superfamilies has been a mystery that has only recently begun to unfold. The aim of the thesis is to find new information on the evolutionary relationships between these superfamilies, and within two of the largest of them, Gelechioidea and Papilionoidea, both with over 18.000 described species. Evidence on the evolutionary relationships is sought from both morphological and genetic data. The morphological datasets are based on characters coded from larval, pupal and adult stages, and are thus far the largest in terms of the number of coded characters and of the number of exemplar species. In the analyses of chapters II-IV, morphological data are combined to molecular data from eight gene regions sequenced from corresponding species or genera. Morphological characters supporting phylogenetic affinities are discussed in detail. Characters described in the articles of this thesis can be used in the identification of extant and fossil taxa, and in future studies focusing on the evolution of specific morphological traits. Chapter I elucidates the evolutionary affinities of the mysterious family Lypusidae, the phylogenetic position of which has not been known. It is demonstrated that this family belongs within the megadiverse superfamily Gelechioidea. Chapter II focuses on the phylogenetic relationships between the families of the superfamily Papilionoidea (Papilionidae, Pieridae, Nymphalidae, Lycaenidae, Riodinidae, Hesperiidae and Hedylidae). The results show that the traditional concept of butterflies, i.e. including only the first five above-mentioned families is paraphyletic. Hesperiidae and Hedylidae are sister-groups and are internested within the rest of the butterflies. A divergence time analysis indicates that this superfamily originated in the Cretaceous and diversified in the Tertiary. Chapter III explores the evolutionary relationships within one of the largest but least studied groups of Lepidoptera, Gelechioidea. Based on the results, a new classification into 16 families is proposed. The aim of chapter IV is to find morphological evidence on the relationships between the ditrysian superfamilies. Several morphological characters claimed to define subgroups of Ditrysia are tested. New characters supporting evolutionary affinities of clades are described and discussed. By combining morphological and sequence data, some taxa that have been unstable in analyses based on either type of data only, find a stable position, e.g. Epipyropiidae and Cyclotornidae, Urodidoidea + Schreckensteinioidea.
Activation of innate immune response in human macrophages by Herpes simplex virus-1 and crystallized monosodium urate
Miettinen, Juho
Helsingin yliopisto
Innate immunity provides the first line of defence against invading pathogens, and can also be activated by endogenous danger signals released upon tissue damage or injury. Macrophages play an important role in innate immunity. They perform the immune surveillance of their immediate surroundings seeking out tissue damage and/or invading pathogens via pattern recognition receptors. Macrophages are activated upon detection of an invading pathogen or tissue damage, leading to the expression, and secretion of the proteins required for an efficient innate immune response. Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen. It is a master of evading the host immune response leading to its ability to cause a life-long infection in its host. In most cases, HSV-1 does not cause any symptoms in the host, or causes nothing more than an occasional painful blister in the orofacial region. However, in certain cases when the host immune system is compromised, it can cause severe, even lethal, infections. Uric acid can act as an endogenous danger signal that cells can produce and release into the extracellular space after encountering a stress, including that caused by certain viral infections. A high amount of uric acid in cells can also be attributed to certain dietary habits. In the extracellular space if present at high enough concentrations and in the presence of sodium, uric acid can become crystallized into monosodium urate (MSU). MSU is the causative of gouty inflammation in the joints and is known to be phagocytosed by macrophages. In this work, human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with HSV-1, or stimulated with MSU were studied using several proteomic methods combined with functional assays. The main goals were: to characterize the protein secretion pathways and the proteins being secreted from macrophages upon (1) HSV-1 infection, and (2) MSU stimulation; and (3) to characterize the functional mechanisms of HSV-1 infected cell protein 27 (ICP27) in the inhibition of the interferon (IFN) response and also inhibition of apoptosis during HSV-1 infection. The results revealed that robust extracellular vesicle-mediated unconventional protein secretion is induced by IFN-beta priming in HSV-1-infected, and by MSU stimulation in Toll-like receptor 4 ligand, bacterial cell wall component lipopolysaccharide-primed human macrophages. The secreted proteins included endogenous danger signal proteins, and interferon-stimulated gene-encoded proteins. In addition, HSV-1 ICP27 protein requires both the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and nuclear export sequence (NES) in order to inhibit the IFN response, whereas the NES, but not NLS, is required for the inhibition of apoptosis. The results also demonstrate that pattern recognition receptors RIG-I and/or MDA5 are involved in the HSV-1-induced activation of apoptosis. To conclude, this thesis provides new information on the innate immune response induced by HSV-1 infection, and MSU stimulation, and also on the evasion mechanisms deployed by HSV-1 to avoid the innate immune response in human macrophages. These new results presented in this thesis may be exploited in several ways; in the development of new therapies against viral infections, and in the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases.
ROS signaling, phytohormone signaling and toxin tolerance: defense mechanisms in Arabidopsis thaliana against Botrytis cinerea
Cui, Fuqiang
To face the constant challenges from numerous pathogens in the environment, sophisticated defense systems have evolved in plants. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and phytohormones are important cellular compounds that regulate plant defense systems to overcome biotic stresses from different pathogens. Against biotrophic pathogens, which require living host cells, hypersensitive cell death response (HR), a type of programed cell death mediated by ROS and salicylic acid (SA), is effective for immunity. However, to necrotrophic pathogens, which take host cell death as a hallmark of a successful colonization, the roles of ROS and phytohormones in the manipulation of cell death during plant defense are more complex. In this work, we utilized the model necrotrophic pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Botrytis; grey mold) and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), using mutants in reverse genetic screens, especially radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1) and botrytis susceptible1 (bos1), were used to study the functions of ROS and phytohormones in plant-Botrytis interactions. It was found that Botrytis-triggered signaling in Arabidopsis mostly overlapped with the signaling triggered by apoplastic ROS but not intracellular ROS. However, rcd1 and bos1 exhibited opposite symptoms in response to Botrytis and apoplastic ROS. This suggested that the resistance signaling regulated by RCD1 or BOS1 were distinct from a more common signaling programs induced by Botrytis and apoplastic ROS. Further study revealed that RCD1 negatively regulated Botrytis resistance independent of stress-hormones. RCD1 positively regulated Botrytis-toxin sensitivity and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling, which was demonstrated to negatively regulate plant resistance to Botrytis. In the BOS1 study, suppression of abscisic acid (ABA)-elicited cell death and control of cell death spread were identified as pivotal functions of BOS1 in its regulation of host resistance to Botrytis. This work emphasized the negative roles of both BR and ABA in response to Botrytis infection. Considering the established facts that: 1) ABA promoted plant cell death, 2) BR deficiency leads to delayed senescence, and 3) the ROS burst causes damage to both host and Botrytis; this work supports the view that cell death control plays a pivotal role in plant-Botrytis interactions, where defense combined with less cell death confers plants with an advantage in the battle against Botrytis.
F-actin dynamics in dendritic spines
Koskinen, Mikko
Helsingin yliopisto
Dendritic spines are small bulbous protrusions extending from dendritic shafts of neurons. These compartments house most of the postsynaptic terminals of excitatory synapses in the mammalian central nervous system. Dendritic spines are formed during early development and their density and morphology undergoes significant changes during maturation. After maturation dendritic spines are not static structures but display constant changes in their morphology and stability. The shape and size of dendritic spines have been linked to synaptic transmission, coupling the form of spines to neuron function. Several neurological diseases and disabilities are characterized by abnormal spine density and morphology. The main structural component of the dendritic spines is the actin filament, F-actin. Actin filaments are dynamic polymers of the monomeric protein actin. The filaments are constantly turning over and reorganizing. Both processes are regulated by actin binding proteins. All structural changes and the maintenance of dendritic spines are dependent on actin dynamics. Current research indicates that the dynamics of actin filaments do not change following spine maturation. Maturation does lead to a decrease in the movement of spines and an increase in stability, indicating changes in F-actin dynamics. In this study I have shown that the dynamics of F-actin do change during maturation. The stable pool of F-actin increases in size and the turnover of the dynamic pool increases. One of the actin binding proteins with a potential to regulate actin stabilization is myosin IIb, a motor protein with capabilities to bind F-actin and to introduce contractility into the filament network. Myosin IIb has been shown to regulate dendritic spine development, size and shape and play a role in memory consolidation. In this study I have shown that myosin IIb regulates dendritic spine F-actin via two distinct mechanisms. Myosin IIb can bind F-actin and stabilize it without affecting the turnover of the dynamic filaments. Myosin IIb-mediated contractility on the other hand can facilitate the turnover of the dynamic filaments. These findings help us to understand the molecular mechanism behind dendritic spine structure regulation and possibly in the future how it is related to synaptic transmission and different pathological states. Due to their small size, dendritic spines pose unique challenges for the study of actin dynamics. Most of the available methods are based on advanced fluorescence microscopy. In this study I have made a critical evaluation of the methods used to measure F-actin turnover in dendritic spines and the analysis of the data. I have also developed a novel approach to use fluorescence anisotropy to measure the level of actin bundling. The method has been previously applied to measure actin polymerization. My findings have led to the conclusion that in actin-dense compartments, such as the dendritic spines, fluorescence anisotropy reflects actin bundling rather than polymerization and that conclusions based on earlier research using similar techniques should be re-evaluated.
Studies on the neurotrophic factor Manf and the pleiotropic factor Lin-28 during Drosophila development
Stratoulias, Vassilis
Helsingin yliopisto
Developmental biology studies how a single cell will give rise to a fully developed, highly ordered and reproducible living organism. In order for this to occur, the fertilized egg needs to grow, divide and differentiate to produce different cell types. Subsequently, these different cell types need to organize into predefined arrays of committed cell groups to produce specialized tissues and organs, which constitute the living multicellular organism. Although the final product seems enormously complex, the multicellular organism is composed of cells that they all have the same set of genes. Cells differentiate by switching on and off the expression of different molecules and they produce and respond to signals which result in cells growing, dividing and dying in a strict spatiotemporal manner. In this work I aimed to address questions on the molecular mechanisms during development by using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model system. The first aim of my studies was to characterize and investigate the role of Manf during Drosophila pupation and adulthood. MANF is an evolutionarily conserved neurotrophic factor, which has previously been reported to protect and restore dopaminergic neurons in mammals. In Drosophila embryos DmMANF has been shown to be specifically expressed in glial populations, while DmMANF null mutants die early during development while they exhibit specific and significant reduction of dopaminergic neurites. Our data reveal that in pupae and adults, DmMANF has a much wider expression pattern and it is localized both in glia and neurons. This analysis led to the identification of an unusual phenotype in the Drosophila pupal brain. We showed when Manf is silenced, or either autophagy or immunity is induced in glia, macrophage-like cells appear in areas of the pupal brain that are normally devoid of cell bodies. We identified molecular markers and pathways that are activated in these cells, as well as some of the unique subcellular features they possess. This study brings new and elegant data in several aspects of glial biology with exciting perspectives for studying brain plasticity and repair. The second project was to characterize the expression of Gfrl receptor, the Drosophila homolog of the mammalian GFRα receptor in the Drosophila adult brain. The results showed that although the Gfrl receptor is widely expressed in the fly adult brain, this expression is in surprising contrast to the missing expression of dRet, the Drosophila Ret homolog. This data provide novel insights into further elucidation of the Ret-dependent and Ret-independent -GFRα signaling complexes, as well as to further understand the several aspects of invertebrate brain development and function. The third aim of this study was to investigate the role of the conserved pleiotropic factor Lin28 during Drosophila development. Previous studies have shown that Lin28 is one of the factors sufficient to reprogram human somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells. By constructing Lin-28 null mutants, our data reveal that Lin-28 mutant files were viable but sub-fertile, exhibiting oogenesis defects. These results will help us improve our understanding of Lin28 role in stem cell maintenance and differentiation.
Novel Regulators of Vascular Development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Ursache, Robertas
Helsingin yliopisto
Plant vascular tissues are supporting and conductive tissues composed of two major components, xylem and phloem. These tissues transport water, food, hormones and minerals within the plant. In my thesis work, I used the Arabidopsis root as a model system to study vascular tissue formation. The first part of my thesis work is focused on the formation of xylem, the water transporting tissue. In the Arabidopsis root, the xylem is organized as an axis of cell files with two distinct cell fates: the central metaxylem and the peripheral protoxylem. It has been previously reported that high and low expression levels of the class III HD-ZIP transcription factors promote metaxylem and protoxylem identities, respectively. In this work, we provide evidence that auxin biosynthesis promotes HD-ZIP III expression and metaxylem formation. We observed that plants with mutations in auxin biosynthesis genes, such as trp2-12, wei8 tar2, or the quintuple yucca mutant, as well as plants treated with a pharmacological inhibitor of auxin biosynthesis, show reduced expression of the HD-ZIP III genes accompanied by specific defects in metaxylem formation. We were able to induce a partial rescue of the metaxylem defects by introducing an endogenous auxin supply. In addition, some of the patterning defects can be suppressed by synthetically elevating HD-ZIP III expression in the stele of the Arabidopsis root. The second part of my thesis work is focused on phloem tissue formation. Phloem is the tissue responsible for long-distance molecular transport and signaling. The conductive components of the phloem, the sieve elements, rely on specific junctions between the conducting cells in the form of highly perforated sieve areas. We identified mutations in the CHER1 (CHOLINE TRANSPORTER LIKE 1) locus of Arabidopsis which result in altered phloem conductivity, reduced sieve pore density, and defects in sieve pore formation. CHER1 encodes a member of a poorly characterized choline transporter-like protein family in plants and animals. We provide data showing that CHER1 facilitates choline transport, localizes to the trans-Golgi network, and is associated with the late stage of phragmoplast formation during cytokinesis. Interestingly, CHER1 has a sustained, polar localization in forming sieve plates, which is consistent with its function in the elaboration of the sieve areas.
Host-pathogen coevolution through trade-offs and coinfection
Susi, Hanna
Helsingin yliopisto
At the very core of the evolution of living organisms lie interactions with other species. Between two coevolving species, a change in one species may generate selection for a change in the other species. In host-pathogen coevolution the central dilemma is to understand how infectivity and virulence evolve. Infectivity is the ability to infect a given host while virulence is the harm the pathogen causes to its host, and therefore they determine the outcome of the interaction between the host and the pathogen. The emergence of new highly virulent pathogen species (e.g. Ash dieback pathogen Hymenoscyphus pseudoalbidus) and single pathogen strains (e.g. Ug99 of wheat stem rust pathogen Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) underline the urgent need for a deeper understanding of how virulence evolves. The aim of my thesis is to understand how life-history trade-offs and coinfection where two or more strains of the same pathogen are infecting the same host - are driving host-pathogen coevolution, and how these evolutionary trajectories translate to ecological dynamics in a metapopulation context using the Plantago lanceolata Podosphaera plantaginis interaction as a model system. The study approach ranged from the molecular level to population and metapopulation levels. I studied natural populations of P. lanceolata and P. plantaginis in the Åland islands to measure prevalence of coinfection and its consequences for disease epidemics in the wild. I also investigated variation in resistance in the natural host populations as well as the efficiency and costs of different plant resistance strategies in a common garden setting. Context dependence of evolutionary trade-offs were investigated by accounting for some of the spatial and temporal complexity of the natural pathogen metapopulation. Pathogen life-history trade-offs were studied in the context of local adaptation and costs of resistance in the perennial host were measured across multiple seasons. The pathogen s host exploitation versus transmission strategies were examined on relevant epidemiological time scales to understand factors creating heterogeneity in transmission dynamics. Key findings of the thesis include detection of high, yet variable levels of coinfection across the pathogen metapopulation, with more devastating epidemics measured in populations with higher levels of coinfection. This suggests a major role for coinfection in driving disease dynamics in natural populations. In the dynamic pathogen metapopulation, local adaptation mediates pathogen life history trade-offs and resistance polymorphism can be maintained through costs of resistance and changes in resource allocation under infection. In conclusion, this work contributes to our understanding of the drivers of evolution and maintenance of variation in the host and pathogen populations by linking evolutionary theory with empirical findings.


text:
Tender announced for Pacific Patrol Boat Replacement Project The Australian Government announced a Request for Tender (RFT) to replace the Pacific Patrol Boats
Six NATO warships, including Turkish, Bulgarian and Romanian vessels, have arrived to the Black Sea to start joint training exercises. NATO ships assigned
A fire broke out aboard a U.S. Navy amphibious dock landing ship USS Gunston Hall (LSD 44) at approximately 2 p.m. yesterday while the ship was undergoing maintenance
A large portion of Canada's biggest port was shut down on Wednesday after a chemical fire broke out amid numerous shipping containers piled up in a yard east of Vancouver's downtown core.
The U.S. Coast Guard is monitoring a vessel that lost propulsion and briefly grounded in the vicinity of Welch Island, Wednesday. The crew of the 738-foot
A chemical fire at a Vancouver container terminal led to a partial evacuation of Canada's largest port for several hours Wednesday afternoon, as a cloud of white

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Parents Night Out sponsored by area parks
Winchester — Parents love their children, but they still need occasional breaks to spend time together or simply have a few hours on their own.
They will have their chance Friday when the Winchester Parks and Recreation Department offers its bi-annual Parents Night Out from 6 to 10 p.m. at the recreation center in Jim Barnett Park, said Stephanie Frazier, youth and special populations coordinator.
"It gives parents a place where they can drop their kids off that they don't have to worry about," she said. "They can have a little bit of time off where they don't have to worry about anything but having fun."
That includes not worrying about a huge bill at the end of the night, she said. The cost of the program — for children 4 to 12 — is $15 for one child and $10 for each additional child.
The price includes a dinner of pizza, chips and a drink and activities for the duration of the program.
Depending on the ages and interests of the children, they might participate in activities in the gym, watch a movie, play board games, work on arts and crafts, or have free play with toys such as cars and dollhouses, Frazier said. The staff waits to see which children enroll and then determines their interests.
"The kids like it. They are normally wiped out after their parents come pick them up," she said.
The staff which runs the program is also responsible for the department's after-school and summer programs, so parents can know they are leaving their children with experienced caregivers, she said.
With that worry off their shoulders, sometimes the hardest part of the night for parents is figuring out what to do with so much free time, said Tracey Pitcock, recreation programs coordinator for the Clarke County Parks and Recreation Department.
The Clarke agency has been offering several Parents Night Out programs year-round for two years, she said. Upcoming events are set for 5-9 p.m. March 9 and April 13 at the recreation building in Chet Hobert Park.
The price is $15 for one child or $10 each for two or more children from the same family, she said. The program is open for children 3 to 12 as long as they are potty- trained.
The programs for the evenings change depending on the season, often having a theme to tie the night together, Pitcock said. Activities could include playing with toys or video games, obstacle courses, arts and crafts, coloring or a movie.
"We always plan for more activities in case an activity gets done quickly or is not as popular," she said.
A snack is provided, but children should have dinner before they come.
The program's April 5 and 26 dates will be held at Full Moon Ranch in Clarke County, home of the Pony To Go business. There, children will get a feel for farm life, take a pony ride, and end the evening with storytelling around a bonfire, Pitcock said.
The cost for those events, held from 6:30 p.m. to about 8:45 p.m., is $20 per family.
The Frederick County Parks and Recreation Department does not have a Parents Night Out Program.
For more information about Winchester's program, call 540-662-4946. To learn more about Clarke's, call 540-955-5140.
winchesterva.gov/parks clarkecounty.gov
— Contact Laura McFarland at email@example.com


text:
Michael Kors Pre-Fall 2012
Like us on Facebook
What's Your Reaction?
Thanks for your reaction
Don't forget to share this with your friends!
Michael Kors Pre-Fall 2012
>> Michael Kors went West for Pre-Spring 2012 — literally, picking up his inspiration while on a trip to Phoenix. Ann Bonfoey Taylor, the American socialite-cum-Olympic skier who served as that inspiration — she was just the subject of an exhibit at the Phoenix Art Museum — represented "Nan Kempner on the range" to Kors, the designer explained. Turquoise and crimson pop up amongst the primarily black and white collection, which boasts harness detailing on everything from bags to dress straps.
Link Love
- You're going to love these brand-new Kanye outfits — HuffPost Style
- Lupita Nyong'o's 15 greatest style moments will blow you away — Lucky
- Emily Current and Meritt Elliott created a denim destination — Who What Wear
- Wait — SkyMall may not be gone forever — The Cut
- The surprising new alternative to leather — InStyle
- Is Björk going to top our list of style icons this year? — Racked
- You need this Louis Vuitton look in your closet stat — SheFinds
- Will people still choose Gucci with Alessandro Michele's takeover? — Style.com
- How to pack light for the chicest city in the world — Man Repeller
Latest Fashion


text:
I just ordered a lobster dinner for two, and sent it to my father for Father's Day. We also sent my parents a package during the Christmas holidays. Native Cape Codders, they called to tell me they absolutely LOVED your lobster and the accompaniments.... more
Ready for dessert?
What a way to top off a fabulous Maine Lobster Dinner than with Maine's own Jewell Island Cheesecake - made right here in Portland, Maine.
Each Cheesecake is 8 oz.(a generous 2 person serving) of delicious, creamy, melt in your mouth, sinfully good Cheesecake.


text:
California Cannot Afford to House Prisoners, Yet Continues to Spend Wastefully
Governor Jerry "Moonbeam" Brown is in hot water because California does not have the money to house all the criminals that liberal policies have drawn to the erstwhile golden state:
Escalating a dispute with the courts over California's troubled prison system, Gov. Jerry Brown on Friday fired back at federal judges who threatened to hold him in contempt, vowing to "litigate until the Supreme Court tells us that we're not on the right track."
The governor, the target of a scathing ruling Thursday that gave him three weeks to file a plan for meeting a court-ordered cap on the prison population, said he cannot remove thousands more convicts from California lockups without a spike in crime. …
In January, Brown declared the prison crisis over and requested an end to court oversight of inmate healthcare, which costs the state roughly $1 billion each year. The judges, who have ruled that overcrowding caused unconstitutionally poor healthcare for prisoners, said no Thursday and wielded contempt threat.
Does this mean maybe Governor Moonbeam will be stuffed into one of his own overcrowded prisons? Unfortunately, no.
If the judges do hold Brown in contempt, that will most likely mean substantial fines against the state for every day it fails to comply with court orders, said Erwin Chemerinsky, dean of the law school at UC Irvine.
That is, the taxpayers will take it in the neck yet again.
A new study by the libertarian Reason Foundation finds that the California High-Speed Rail System will saddle taxpayers with losses between $124 million to $373 million a year.
Exaggerated ridership estimates and slower-than-promised trip speeds make the California bullet train project a big financial loser for taxpayers, says the study.
Here's an idea: why not kill the politically trendy but fiscally moronic rail boondoggle and use the money to build more prisons? But you may as well ask Governor Moonbeam to stop deliberately luring into California the illegal immigrants who constitute a reported 30% of the state's prison population. California voted to go over the cliff by electing Brown, and over the cliff it will go.
On tips from Henry. Cross-posted at Moonbattery.
Also see...
The latest feminist obsession with rape has reached the point where false accusations are now being thrown around loosely. It has resulted in a negative stigma toward men on college campuses, and...
Read MoreRelated Articles
NYT Hails Obama's 'Signal' That Era of 'Single-Minded Deficit-Cutting Should End'
The paltry spending cuts coming out of Congress are no where near enough to balance Washington's budget, but in his
After Arresting a Preacher for Feeding the Homeless, City Slapped With Major Lawsuit
The city of Fort Lauderdale, Florida has a law against feeding the homeless, but one local preacher has steadfastly refused
BREAKING: Looks Like Oregon's Democrat Governor Will Resign Over Ethics/Sex Scandal
The newly re-elected Democrat Governor of Oregon, John Kitzhaber, has been mired in an ethics and sex scandal that started


text:
AdForum Creative Profiles are currently in beta, let us know if you see anything wrong in this profile.
Report an issue
Worked As
Business Sectors
People i worked with
- Jason Brown
- Ward Parker
- Vincent DeMarinis
- Malia Kline
- Jeff Mangiat
- Sam Ward
- Matt Merkel
- John Powell III
- Jim Zeman
Jeff Gold
Nothing here yet !
Add Positions
Nothing here yet !
Add Educations
Popular Works
Is this Your own profile?
Edit My Profile


text:
First red flag was that it was missing a SIM card. For a new product, that's pretty unheard of. Also, it was not unlocked. Finally, the plastic backing of the phone broke and fell off two weeks later. Since the phone still works I can't complain THAT much. But for a product labeled as 'NEW' it clearly wasn't and had suffered from mishandling prior to getting to me. This was my first buying experience on Overstock.com. I won't try again.
The items must arrive at our warehouse within 30 days of purchase. You must return items in their original condition to qualify for a full refund. We will issue a partial refund of up to 70 percent if returned items have been opened, used, or returned late. More details
Our standard shipping method is ground shipping. We also offer expedited shipping for most items. Your final shipping cost and estimated delivery timeframe will be available at checkout.
Standard shipping details
Expedited shipping details
* For your protection, all orders are screened for security purposes. If your order is selected for review, our Loss Prevention Team may contact you by phone or email. There may be a two business day delay to process your order.
** Most Oversize orders are delivered within 1-4 weeks. Some orders may take 6 weeks to be delivered.


text:
Fabrizio Gifuni
Fabrizio Gifuni | |
Born | Rome |
16 July 1966
Occupation | Actor |
Fabrizio Gifuni (born 16 July 1966) is an Italian actor.
Born in Rome, the son of the statesman Gaetano, Gifuni enrolled at the Silvio D'Amico National Academy of Dramatic Art, graduating in 1992.[1][2] He made his film debut in 1996, in La bruttina stagionata.[1][3] Two years later he had his breakout role as Pelaia in Gianni Amelio's The Way We Laughed, then in 1999 he received a nomination for Best Actor at the David di Donatello for his performance in Un amore.[1][4]
In 2002 Gifuni was appointed EFP Shooting Star at the Berlin International Film Festival for his performance in Giuseppe Bertolucci's Probably Love.[5] In 2003 thanks to his performance in The Best of Youth he received her second nomination for David di Donatello and won the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor along with the rest of the male cast.[1] He received a third nomination for David di Donatello in 2012, for Marco Tullio Giordana's Piazza Fontana: The Italian Conspiracy.[6]
In 2014 he won the David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actor and the Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor for his role in Human Capital.
Gifuni is married to actress Sonia Bergamasco.[7]
- ^ a b c d Fabio Secchi Frau. "Fabrizio Gifuni. L'arte del ritrarre". MyMovies. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Alla Berlinale la Francia occupata di Tavernier". Corriere della Sera. January 18, 2002. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ Roberto Chiti, Enrico Lancia, Roberto Poppi. Dizionario del cinema italiano: I Film. Gremese Editore, 2002.
- ^ Maria Pia Fusco (April 14, 2000). "Soldini e Tognazzi in corsa per i David". La Repubblica. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ Ed Meza (January 22, 2002). "Szabo to mentor Shooting Stars". Variety. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ Anna Finos (April 13, 2012). "Giordana, Moretti, Sorrentino sfida a tre per i David 2012". La Repubblica. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ Giorgio Dell'Arti, Massimo Parrini. Catalogo dei viventi. Marsilio, 2009. ISBN 9788831795999.


text:
Photos: | Recent | Best | Popular |
Elevation: | 3,000' |
Page Views: | 1,678 |
Administrators: | Greg Opland, James DeRoussel, JJ Schlick, Hendrixson, Kristine Hoffman (sitewide) |
Submitted By: | Orphaned on Apr 25, 2007 |
Forecast: |
Portions of the approach and cliffs of this area are on private land. MORE INFO >>> |
News - none - |
Upcoming Events
Comments on Welcome Wall | Add Comment |
Show which comments —
By Brigette From: Seattle, WA Dec 5, 2010 |
PLEASE pick up your trash when you climb here - this includes toilet paper. There is quite the toilet paper bouquet building in the bushes across from the Welcome wall. Pack it in - pack it out. Thanks! |
By Pat Mac From: Tempe Jan 25, 2011 |
Brigette, That is because all the newbies climb that chossy ass wall. But they should know LNT (leave no trace). |
By Brigette From: Seattle, WA Jan 26, 2011 |
That "chossy ass wall" is home to a few great easy-moderate leads for those of us mortals that climb at the Homestead. :) |
By dale polen From: arivaca, az Apr 20, 2011 |
"If you bolt it, they will poop all over the place." selection taken from the Tao of sport climbing.lol |
By dale polen From: arivaca, az Apr 20, 2011 |
Leave no trace? how can that be associated with bolted climbs. LOL |
By erik hamilton Jan 11, 2012 |
By erik hamilton 2 hours ago EDIT COMMENT The order of the routes at welcome wall goes like this ,from left to right. Duluth Crystal pistol Hoodoo voodoo Blue lime pie Peanut butter crack lover Hot cherry sunday Brickyard buffet Mellow messiah |


text:
Sep 26, 2011, 12:41 PM | |
Joined Sep 2011
4 Posts
Getting back into the hobby, but new to EDF
Hey Guys,
Short story is, I used to fly gas planes when I was younger (about 10 years ago lol). Anyways I have been out of the hobby for a long time, but I am looking to get back into it. I have been trying to do a lot of research on the new kits, and new tech that is in the RC world, and I ran across EDF Jets and my jaw dropped...literally. I am trying to go about this the right way, but a lot of the information Is convoluted and confusing. This is in terms of things like what batteries, TX/RX combo's, kits ect. I have been looking through HobbyKing and BananaHobby for kits and I came across one that I am completely stuck on: http://www.bananahobby.com/2073.html That is absolutely my favorite type of aircraft currently and I am close to purchasing but I am trying to find more info first. 1. What is a good simulator to kick the rust off my flying skills ( I plan on spending a lot of time on it before taking the maiden flight, which is why I am starting off without going to a micro flyer). Does any of them support higher channel radios? 2. When ordering a kit like this, is it better to go with the recommended add on's or source the battery pack, TX/RX combo separately? I want a competent system. 3. Is the kit from Banana Hobby good? Is there something out there that may be a better source? Is there any good places for reviews on EDF jets? I know this is a lot of questions, I just figure I would ask instead of getting conflicting info from the Google machine. |
Sep 26, 2011, 04:22 PM | |
+1 on the Habu
http://www.horizonhobby.com/Products...ProdID=PKZ7075 Its a great flying airplane with a proven setup. It is a reliable workhorse! It will get you flying while you figure out how to equip your F-22. I get 4 flights during my lunch hour! (limited by having only 4 charged batteries. I charge at home, not at the field.) Good luck Dave |
Sep 26, 2011, 05:09 PM | |
if you want an f22 many people feel that this is the best flying one on the market:
http://www.bananahobby.com/1882.html some even say it makes a pretty decent beginner EDF(after you are good with props) although you may still want to change the guts out |
Thread Tools | |
Similar Threads | |||||
Category | Thread | Thread Starter | Forum | Replies | Last Post |
Discussion | Getting back into planes | edjo69 | Micro Ready-to-Fly | 3 | Sep 20, 2011 10:00 PM |
Discussion | back into the hobby but not sure on radio | SWAMPER | Radios | 46 | Sep 02, 2011 12:29 PM |
Discussion | Getting back into the hobby, but what to buy? | Wayno1119 | Electric Plane Talk | 22 | Aug 07, 2011 10:01 PM |
Discussion | Getting back into hobby - Suggestions? | dmanonbass | Scratchbuilt Indoor and Micro Models | 9 | May 30, 2011 07:55 PM |
Discussion | Help getting back into the hobby? | Aleriance | Car Talk | 1 | Apr 27, 2011 09:47 PM |


text:
X-Men: Age of Apocalypse (2016) concept art |
Last week, director Bryan Singer posted concept art on Instagram from the upcoming X-Men: Days Future Past sequel X-Men: Age of Apocalypse. He teased it saying, "Some production art. #XmenApocalypse#GrantMajor I was a little busy but will continue to snap more."
Click on the images to enlarge.


text:
I get what you're saying . . . and think it should not be rudely dismissed.
I too would rather seriously consider a recruit, let's say a 3-star with great promise from Ohio who really wants to play for Ohio State, rather than a 5-star from out of state who doesn't have that "fire in the belly" to play for OSU.
That is one of the challenges of recruiting, balancing the impressions about highly-rated recruits against the potential from a lower rated recruit, especially when the lower rated recruit has a strong desire to play Ohio State and the higher rated recruit doesn't. This distinction should not be lightly dismissed as unimportant.


text:
Related Stories
Branding Matters -- Even When Searching
June 28, 2007 Web searchers who evaluated identical search-engine results overwhelmingly favored Yahoo! and Google, providing evidence that branding matters as much on the Internet as off, according to a Penn ... full story
Better Lung Cancer Information Readily Available On Internet In U.S. Than In Japan, Experts Say
July 1, 2009 Researchers found that internet-based lung cancer information was of a higher quality in the United States than in Japan. They evaluated 150 Web sites, and determined noticeable differences in the ... full story
Google Favored Over Other Search Engines By Webmasters
Nov. 15, 2007 Website policy makers who use robots.txt files as gatekeepers to specify what is open and what is off limits to Web crawlers have a preference for Google over other search engines, say researchers ... full story
You Get What You Pay For With Online Q & A Sites, Study Shows
Apr. 9, 2008 Computer science and engineering researchers revealed that the answer quality provided by online question-and-answer Web sites, such as Yahoo! Answers and Google Answers, depends on two factors -- ... full story
Not as Web Savvy as You Think? Young People Give Google, Other Top Brand Search Results Too Much Credibility, Study Finds
July 26, 2010 College students trust Google so much that a study has found many students only click on websites that turn up at the top of Google searches to complete assigned tasks. If they don't use Google, ... full story
Google's Thriving Advertising Model Has Math Roots
June 8, 2005 This year, predicts Advertising Age, the combined advertising revenues of Google and Yahoo! will rival the combined prime-time ad revenues of America's three big television networks, ABC, CBS ... full story
Does The Internet Really Influence Suicidal Behavior?
Apr. 11, 2008 People searching the Internet for information about suicide methods are most likely to come across sites that encourage suicide rather than sites offering help and support, finds a new ... full story
National Geographic Contributes Content To Ocean In Google Earth
Feb. 2, 2009 National Geographic has contributed a wide range of content to Ocean in Google Earth, which has just launched. Tapping into the knowledge of its explorers and experts and its huge array of multimedia ... full story


text:
(May 19, 2012: Cambridge, MA 02138) The Buckingham Browne & Nichols Knights the visiting Milton Academy Mustangs baseball team by a tally of 4-1 in Saturday's league bout.
The Knights now hold a 15-4 record. They take the field next when they host Lawrence Academy for a Independent School bout on Wednesday, May 23. Buckingham Browne & Nichols will face a Spartans squad coming off a 15-9 league win over St. Paul's (Concord, NH). The Spartans record now stands at 12-6.
The Mustangs now possess a 13-4 record.
Not a Member? Join MaxPreps now for free access to rankings for thousands of teams across all sports. IT'S FREE, IT'S FAST, IT'S EASY!


text:
License & Identifications
A medical license is required for a doctor to practice medicine in a particular state. Requirements vary by state but most require, at a minimum, post-graduate training in the doctor's specific specialty. An NPI number is a national identifier unique to an individual health care provider and is managed by the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).
Learn more about Dr. Roman Cortez:
View the full profile to get information on:
- Qualifications
- What's important to you
View full profile
Specialties & Research
Dr. Roman Cortez, MD is board certified in Internal Medicine.
Dr. Cortez has 3 hospital affiliations:
- St Francis Medical Center-West
- Kuakini Medical Center
- Castle Medical Center
Similar doctors nearby
- Additional Information
- Dr. Roman Cortez MD is a male Internist, has 9 years of experience and practices in Internal Medicine.
- Where does Dr. Roman Cortez practice?
- Dr. Roman Cortez has 2 office locations.
Dr. Roman Cortez practices Internal Medicine near Kailua, HI.
Additional practice locations include: Ewa Beach, HI.
See Kailua Internists.


text:
QVC Price:
Shipping & Handling: $5.00
Adjust Text Size:
Ensure steady, professional-quality images with this durable aluminum tripod. The metal radial leg braces for maximum stability and fast setup, while the side lever leg locks in place with rubber-tipped feet. The bi-wide, quick-release camera mounting platform makes attaching your camera or camcorder a breeze, and the sure-grip tilt and pan control handle ensures smooth, precision movement. From Bower.
E209937 — Bower Pro 72" Photo & Video Tripod with Case
To choose your shipping method, add this item to your Shopping Cart, continue to Standard Checkout, and make your selection on the Shipping Method page.
Bower Digital Pro SLR Backpack
DigiPower 66" Tripod with 3-way Pan Head
DigiPower 53" Tripod with Three-Way Pan Head
Canon Rebel SL1 18MP DSLR w/ 18-55mm & 75-300mm USM Lenses & Accs.


text:
5555 South Harlan Street
Almost all errands require a car.
Flat as a pancake, minimal bike lanes.
Score Details
5555 South Harlan Street has a Walk Score of 12 out of 100. This location is a Car-Dependent neighborhood so almost all errands require a car.
This location is in the Marston neighborhood in Denver. Nearby parks include Leawood Park, Hamlet Park and Clement Park.
Nearby schools include Grant Ranch K-8 School, Blue Heron Elementary School and Leawood Elementary School.
The closest grocery stores are Tony's Market, Stairway 2 Success and Bert's All American Market.
Nearby coffee shops include Autumn Grind Coffee and Donut Hut Cafe. Nearby restaurants include Imperial Garden, Carl's Jr. / Green Burrito and IHOP.
5555 South Harlan Street is near Bow Mar Heights Park, Southwest Auto Park and Wagon Trail Park.
There are minimal bike lanes and the terrain is flat as a pancake. 5555 South Harlan Street is somewhat bikeable, there is minimal bike infrastructure.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 5555 South Harlan Street.
Bus lines:
59 West Bowles
0.1 mi
5555 South Harlan Street compared to all of Denver.
Lowest crime area.
Lowest crime area.
How do you feel walking near 5555 South Harlan Street?
Thanks for your feedback!
View all Marston apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include fireplace, pool and fitness. View all Denver apartments and rentals.
5555 South Harlan Street is in the Marston neighborhood. Marston is the 74th most walkable neighborhood in Denver with a neighborhood Walk Score of 28.
Moving to Denver from another city? View our moving to Denver guide.


text:
I have had a problem with beer going bad after a week or two in the keg. I think my problem was inadequate cleaning and rinsing of Oxyclean. I have switched to PBW and I am slowly getting away from this problem. The rinsing is easier and my equipment is becoming squeaky clean again. The last batch in question was 10g and split into 2 corny kegs. One keg turned bad and the stayed very good. I marked the bad keg and cleaned them both with the same PBW method. I rinsed well and filled them both with 5g of Starsan of the proper concentration. They sat this way for 2-3 weeks. Today, I was preparing to rack a fresh 10g batch to these kegs, and for no real reason, I racked the Starsan to white plastic buckets. GUESS WHAT? The "bad" keg Starsan was cloudy and the good keg was clear. Both had pH of 2.5 so the Starsan was still good. I think have heard that hard water (minerals) can cause Starsan to get cloudy. I am on city water which is relatively low in mineral content. My guess is that there was some mineral deposit, maybe beerstone or leftover cleaner residue, that turned the Starsan cloudy. Any thoughts? Thanks in advance! Side Note: I did not use the "bad" keg. It is outside soaking in PBW again. I racked to a different "good" keg.
Maybe try a hot caustic rinse? Use something stronger than pbw like sodium hydroxide. It should dissolve anything organic.
To ensure I get complete coverage from my cleaners and sanitizers in my kegs, I will fill them most of the way, let them set, then stick a 5 gallon over the top, and flip it over so the bucket contains the inverted keg. This ensures that all interior surfaces make contact with the cleaning and sanitizing agents. When I am done, I simply pull the keg out and the liquid stays in the bucket. It is a little tricky to make the flip, but once you do it a couple times it becomes second nature.
Not sure if this relates, but I sometimes use oxyclean to clean kegs and carboys, and I've found if u let them sit for longer than a few hours, or days in my case, crystals or sediment will cling to the walls and not rinse off. I almost trashed my carboys until someone said try distilled vinegar mixed with water- and it did the trick for the glass carboy, as well as the keg! Try using 2 cups of vinegar and half gallon of water and shake it around then let it sit for 30 min. Shake and rinse, should do the trick!
Vinegar sounds interesting. The downside is that I would need to clean again to remove the vinegar. I am thinking I need something acidic to remove the minerals. But if I can't see or feel the minerals, how do I know they have been removed? Is sqeaky clean good enough? I also have saniclean and clr that i could use. Any thoughts on these with time and concentration? Thanks
My star san gets cloudy very shortly after adding my water to it. Our water is a touch on the hard side and it reacts with it and causes it to get cloudy. I've heard from the Five Star folk that it's not uncommon to have happen and that as long as the pH is within range it's not a big deal. As for the poster who mentioned vinegar, I've used distilled white vinegar soaks to clean off some real stuck on gunk before. I don't use it very often because you have to rinse the heck out of it to get that vinegar smell out even when you dilute it. Though that's how I clean my coffee maker regularly. The acidity of vinegar is good stuff.
After a 24 hr soak in PBW, I got out the keg cleaner drill attachment and gave the inside a good scrubbing. After thoroughly rinsing, I would not call it squeaky clean. I mixed up some double strength saniclean solution, shook it around, and let it soak for an hour. I drained it without rinsing and inverted the keg to dry. After letting it air dry for a bit, I looked inside and found sections of shiny metal and places where a very fine white powder had accumulated. The white powder would wipe off so I just gave the keg two more rinses and it is now inverted to dry again.
After it was mostly dry, I did not find any white powder and the surface was very shiny. I will check tonight if the surface changes which may be due to the stainless repassivating. I wish I had a dry empty keg to compare to.
Still shiny. In goes another 5g of starsan. It will probably be another month before I need to use this keg. Thanks for the hrlp everyone!


text: 2 available shades Black Brown Try it on Our first ultra lengthening mascara that defies the laws of lash length! - Length that defies limits - Formula with Micro-Fibres - Instant wow: Extends lashes by up to 99% - Lash-catching brush grabs every lash for perfect separation. No clumps! Buy now from one of our retailers.Select Shade - Buy NowBlack (001)002 - Brown ShareLike, Tweet, Pin & Blog! See the campaign More campaigns You might also like EyesExaggerate Smoke'n ShineHigh Shine Smokey Look EyesScandaleyes XX-tremeLashes stretched to their max! EyesLash Accelerator Endless – Extreme BlackLashes so limitless, they defy length. EyesExtra 3D Lash3D Lash look. Zero clumps. More products Related tutorials Get the XX-TREME Look Xmas Bow Nails Gold Graphic Look Halloween Makeup Tutorial - Victorian Gothic More tutorials


text:
- Product Information
Product Description
Take to the air and dominate the skies in the Top Gun Pilot costume. The Green jumpsuit is accented with zippers and patches, including a Top Gun pilot's patch. Also includes a helmet with a retractable sun-shield. - Questions & Answers
- Reviews
Add a Pink and Gold Color Scheme to Your Party!
Throwing a party? Try using a mix of pink and gold colors to create the color scheme for your party décor. This color combination can be used for birthday parties, bridal parties, baby showers, and much more!
Add Some Flair to Your Formal Affair!
Prepare for any special occasion with these formal event decorating tips. Learn how to transform a simple decoration into something elegant and beautiful.
Heat up Your Winter with a Luau Party!
Get rid of the winter blues with a luau party. Use these luau party ideas to help you create a party in paradise.


text:
Cd4 Count Considered Hiv
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Ask the Experts
Chemo and CD-4 counts (HIV VERSUS AIDS DIAGNOSIS DEFINITION 2009)I am a HIV+ 37 year old male who is very healthy except for fighting KS in my colon and stomach. I have been undergoing Taxol treatment for my KS since Dec 08 until now June 1, 09. My oncologist and I decided to take a break till Mid-July because my...Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation
...well, Dr. Bob. You're an inspiration. -- TPF Dr. Bob's response: Hello TPF, Anyone with either an AIDS indicator condition or a CD4 cell count of less than 200 has a diagnosis of full blown AIDS. However, the relevance of this diagnosis is more...
Read more »
CD4count HIV and AIDSI would like to know if at one point I have a low cd4 of about 150(AIDS) I get geno type done... Read more »Normal Cd4 count for HIV-What is a normal cd4 count for a hiv negative person? My last two cd4 counts were 628 and 654 but... Read more »
Study Examines HIV-Positive Patients' Death Risk at CD4 Counts Above 350...for continuing studies to examine the risks and benefits of starting antiretroviral therapy, or ART, for patients with high CD4 cell counts," HealthDay News reports. "For this study, researchers examined data from 40,830 HIV patients, aged... Read more »HIV Can Be Deadly Even Before CD4 Counts Fall, Researchers Say...further evidence that ART should begin earlier, rather than delaying it until the immune system has deteriorated significantly. A CD4 count of 200 cells/microliter or lower increases the chance of infections and AIDS-related illnesses. Yet in the... Read more »CD4 Counts Decline Despite Nutritional Recovery in HIV-Infected Zambian Children With Severe Malnutrition...pediatric ward in Lusaka, 56 children with severe malnutrition and with or without HIV infection were recruited for measurement of CD4 counts on admission, on discharge, and at final nutritional recovery. The children with severe malnutrition... Read more »HIV-Infected Patients Who Have the ApoE4 Allele Are More Vulnerable to the Effects of Low CD4 Counts...if they wanted to ... So this is investigational normally? This is investigational, yes. Our goal was to study how nadir CD4 count and corpus callosum volume and neurocognitive impairment are related to each other in older HIV-positive... Read more »
Connect With Others
HIV postive/cd4 count normal/ vl 37thousand
Posted by jniteowl69, 4 Replies
Iwas just recently tested pos. I have been getting flu like sympthons alot and I have lost over 100 lbs,my lmp.nodes are swallon and I get tired really easy my cd4 is 999 and my vl is in 37 thousand ,is this normal to be getting these sympthons? I
Read more »
How to increase CD4 Count?
Posted by Just_Joe, 2 Replies
...I have had HIV since November 2008 and 3-4 months later am undetectable with CD4 Count in the 200's but my last CD4 count in January 2010 is in the 300's. My doc said my ratio looks good as far as my CD4 count goes
Read more »
CD4 Count 540, but negative?
Posted by yoshimi2, 1 Reply
...physchatrist. it is just that i feel as if i have hiv. i have never felt like this before. I feel tired,depressed, weak, ill, and my CD4 count is only 540.
Read more »
What is a T-Cell or CD4 Count?
Posted by TheBody
...What Is a T-Cell or CD4 Count? Your T-cell count, also known as a CD4 count, reveals the number of T cells in your body. A T cell is a special kind of white
Read more »
Advertisement Advertisement
Resource Centers
Guides for People With HIV


text:
EL RENO — Before he was fatally shot, allegedly by his wife, Nichols Hills Fire Chief Keith Bryan told others his marriage was as good as it had ever been.
Fatally shot Nichols Hills fire chief said marriage was good
"If we needed to go through what we went through, it was all worth it," he told a pastor the month before he was shot in the head at his Mustang home on Sept. 20, 2011.
A jury trial for his widow, Rebecca Bryan, 53, is set to begin Monday in Canadian County District Court. She is charged with first-degree murder.
If convicted, she faces life in prison or life in prison without the possibility of parole.
Her defense is that she didn't do it, and her attorney, Gary James, has filed a notice that he will put on testimony the victim's statements about the strength of their marriage.
The victim told a son the day he was shot that they "were as happy as they had ever been," according to the defense notice.
He told the pastor, Jim McNabb, on Aug. 11, 2011, that "this past year has been the best year of our marriage," according to the notice.
He told the Nichols Hills police chief, Richard Mask, that he was devastated when his wife filed for divorce, that he was very much in love with her and that he was aware she had been involved with another man, according to the notice.
He told a neighbor he had taken his wife for granted and was intent on fixing their relationship, according to the notice.
A prosecutor Tuesday declined to comment on the defense notice because the trial is so near.
Ongoing coverageContinue reading this story on the...
Trending Now
- 66337William Shatner feels 'awful' about missing Leonard Nimoy's funeral
- 26977This Thunder season has gone from cursed to crazy
- 26600Oklahoma's most affordable small town is...
- 21239Five observations from the Thunder's 108-101 win over the Lakers
- 14144Strippers bare all at new Valley Brook club
- 11600Thunder basketball: D.J. Augustin plays starring role in victory over Lakers
- 9198Kay County judge splits lawsuit settlement over Oklahoma State University plane crash


text:
We stayed at this hotel for 7 nights and it was fantastic. The food is good, the rooms are clean. Food: very tasteful, plenty and well heated. Much choice and plenty of different food for every type of eater. Rooms: clean, great view from the balcony room, good beds. Personnel: super friendly, willing to help and even speak English. What... More
Austria >
Austrian Alps >
Salzburg Region >
Price Range (Based on Average Rates):
Hotel Class:3 star — Stegerbraeu 3*
Number of rooms: 39
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com and Odigeo so you can book your Stegerbraeu reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text:
Eddie Money concert postponed
BEMIDJI -- The Eddie Money concert has been postponed.
The Sanford Center announced Tuesday that Money's "Unplug it in ... Again" acoustic performance, scheduled for Thursday, has been rescheduled for Dec. 12 due to "unforeseen circumstances."
Get the full story
Subscribe or Log In
Are you a newspaper subscriber but you don't have a Digital Access account yet? Activate your account.
You will need your subscription account number and phone number. Not sure if you have an account? Email us or call (218) 333-9200 and we can help you.


text:
Celebrity Gossip & Entertainment News Leaders ®
It looks like swapping the catwalk for the silver screen paid off! Cara Delevingne took home the award for Breakthrough Actress of the Year at ELLE's Style Awards on Tuesday (Feb. 24) for her roles in "Tulip Fever" and "Pan."
For the event, the supermodel-turned-actress ditched her signature kooky style and opted for old-Hollywood glamour, wearing a floor-length black gown. She polished off her look with a diamond necklace and ruby red lipstick.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Kimye is heading to London! After learning that her husband, Kanye West will perform at the 2015 BRIT Awards, Kim Kardashian flew across to pond to support him.
The reality star arrived at the Heathrow airport in London this morning looking as stylish as ever in an all-black outfit. She rocked a tight top and skirt, and kept warm in an over-sized coat and lace-up boots.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Stepping out to support a charitable cause, Lindsay Lohan attended the World's First Fabulous Fund Fair to raise money for the Naked Heart Foundation.
The 28-year-old actress rocked a very revealing sweater for the glitzy event at London's Roundhouse on Tuesday (Feb. 24). She was also joined by Nick Jonas, Taylor Swift, and the fundraiser's hosts Natalia Vodianova and Karlie Kloss.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
It's not hard to see why Rosie Huntington-Whiteley was named Model of the Year at the ELLE Style Awards on Tuesday (Feb. 24). According to Elle, the supermodel was recognized for her contribution to the fashion industry and for ruling countless runways for major brands, including Burberry, Prada, Givenchy, and Balmain.
For the London fashion event, the blonde beauty left little to the imagination in a plunging leather and suede dress. She also rocked a pair of strappy black heels and her newly-chopped hair. Rosie's best accessory of the night, though? Her hunky boyfriend Jason Statham.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Adding another impressive award to her ever-growing collection, Taylor Swift has been crowned Elle's Woman of the Year.
During Tuesday night's (Feb. 23) ELLE Style Awards, the "Shake It Off" singer was presented with her award by fellow winner and close friend, Sam Smith, who was named Musician of the Year.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
After facing backlash over her "racist" comments about 18-year-old singer Zendaya's dreadlocks at the Oscars, TV personality Giuliana Rancic has issued an apology.
During Monday night's episode of "Fashion Police," the 40-year-old host joked that the Disney Channel star's dreadlocks "[smelled] of patchouli oil… or weed." After offending Zendaya, and many others, Giuliana took time out of Tuesday's (Feb. 24) "E! News" telecast to address the controversy.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
So scary! Demi Lovato was reportedly rushed to the hospital on Tuesday (Feb. 24) after suffering "significant trouble breathing."
According to TMZ, the 22-year-old singer was taken to the Providence Tarzana Medical Center in California by one of her friends.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Surprise! Naya Rivera and her husband Ryan Dorsey are expecting their first child.
The "Glee" star shared the exciting news on her blog on Tuesday (Feb. 24). She posted a picture of a bun in an oven along with childhood photos of herself and her hubby. "Surprise! We're having a baby! Ryan and I feel so blessed and can't wait to welcome the newest member of our family," she said in an accompanying message.
Photo Credit: Getty Images
Hottest Videos
Hottest Stories
- 1)
- 2)
- 3)
- 4)
- 5)


text:
Been here? Rate It!
The Bear Inn: The Bear Inn
We stopped in here for a drink it is one of Oxford's oldest public houses and I was tempted to eat here with the lovely smell coming from the kitchen I suspect the Oxford sausages.
The collection of 41500 snippets of ties started in the 1950's when they were exchaged by customers for beer -
The Bear Inn: The Bear Inn
The Bear is the oldest pub in Oxford. Very cute but watch your head 'cause the celing is low! Going to the toilet can be a bit of a challenge as well since the staircase is so narrow.
Favorite Dish: The daily special is usually pretty good.
- 1
Show Prices
Show Prices
Show Prices
Show Prices
- Save up to 50% off Hotels Everyday
- Expedia.com Photos, Reviews and the Guaranteed Lowest Prices
- Save money, Book now!
- Booking.com Excellent choice, Low rates
Sponsored Links
Explore the World
- The Gambia Hotels
- Newport Beach
- Olifantsfontein Hotels
- Serra de Arrábida
- Port Jefferson
- Jordanstown Hotels
- Candijay Hotels
- San Vicente de la Barquera


text:
Authentic "Klapa" (a cappella music) from Dalmatia/Croatia
SHARE OUR STATION WITH YOUR FRIENDS! /by clicking on "share" in the player/
Get iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad
The Live365 mobile app Direct from the Apple App Store! Application includes search/browse, presets, top stations, personalized recommendations, background streaming, share on Facebook/Twitter, track ratings, ShoutOut to DJ, and more! _____________________ Android Easy Install: From your device, click the Android Market icon, search Live365 and install. _____________________ Search for "Sound of Dalmatia" and save it in your preset! |
KLAPA music is a form of a cappella singing that first appeared in littoral Croatia during the middle of the 19th century. The word klapa is derived from a word in slang Italian spoken in Trieste at the time. It refers to "a group of people" and the singing style traces its roots to liturgical church singing. The motifs in general celebrate love, wine (grapes), country (homeland) and sea. The main elements of the music are harmony and melody, with rhythm very rarely being very important.
A klapa group consists of a first tenor, a second tenor, a baritone, and a bass. It is possible to double all the voices apart from the first tenor. |


text:
Hugh Jackman
12 October 1968, Sydney, Australia46 years
Deborra-Lee Furness
Australian actor Hugh Jackman began his acting career on various tv-shows and now has an impressive list of movies on his resumé. He has two adopted children with his wife Deborra-Lee Furness. He loves sushi. Hugh is 189 cm tall and extremely nearsighted.
RSS feed with Hugh Jackman
Latest news!
11 Celebrities and Their Jobs Before Becoming Famous!
Wednesday 5:05 PM, 29/10/2014
Even big stars have to start somewhere. We have listed the somewhat more odd jobs that the celebrities we are used to reading about once upon a tim...READ MORE ▶
Latest news!
Hugh Jackman Getting Treatment For Cancer!
Tuesday 11:29 AM, 28/10/2014
Hugh Jackman, 46, primarily known for his role as Wolverine in X-Men is getting treatment for skin cancer - for the third time.
Hugh ...READ MORE ▶
Hugh ...READ MORE ▶
Hugh Jackman
Celebrity Gossip
Hugh Jackman
Red Carpet
Latest news
Hugh Jackman On His Cancer: "I'll Have Many More Scares!"
Wednesday 8:37 AM, 14/05/2014
Hugh Jackman has been treated for cancer for the second time and he believes there's a chance it will reappear at some point in the future a...READ MORE ▶
Hugh Jackman
Hollywood celebrity
Latest news
Hugh Jackman Reveals He's Got Cancer!
Friday 8:34 AM, 22/11/2013
Hugh Jackman has cancer. The 45-year-old Australian actor revealed himself on Instagram yesterday that he's suffering from the deadly diseas...READ MORE ▶
Hot News


text:
Party Themes
Looking for the perfect party theme for your event? Finding the right one can be a challenge, especially if you have small children. At Designed 2B Sweet, are delighted to offer a variety of different party designs, ideas, and themes to make life easier for parents. We offer some of the hottest decorations out there to make planning your party simpler and easier, from pirates and superheroes, to animal and even princess themes. Best of all, we offer a variety of different designs ,allowing you and your child to pick the right party theme for your child's personality and specific wants.
Best of all, you can find just about any type of tableware, decorations, and even toys to fit your theme, making sure that your child has the birthday party of their dreams. As well, you can mix and match different items with various party themes, depending on color and design, allowing you to create something unique for your own party. With our large selection of party decorations, costume accessories, tableware, and party favors, we think you will find exactly what you need to create the party theme of your child's dreams, allowing you to create picture perfect memories with our unique and fun collections.
Barnyard Animal Prism Stickers (12 dz)
$6.83 -
Farm Animal Bandanas (12 pc)
$12.99 -
Plush Sling Shot Pig With Sound (1 pc)
$7.89 -
Owl Party Temporary Tattoos (72 pc)
$5.25 -
Plush Finger Puppets (12 pcs)
Regular Price: $9.17
Now only: $6.02
Large Farm Animal Tote Bags (12 pc)
$21.99 -
Jungle Animal Mask Assortment (1 dz)
$7.70 -
Plush Sling Shot Chick With Sound (1 pc)
$6.99 -
Plush Sling Shot Duck With Sound (1 pc)
$6.99 -
Rubber Animal Charms (48 pc)
$7.30 -
"You're A Hoot" Owl Cups (8 pc)
$5.80 -
Plastic Cow Print Table Cover - Farm Party
Regular Price: $9.99
Now only: $7.00
Duck & Frog Feather Pens (1 dz)
Regular Price: $30.14
Now only: $19.78
Inflatable Pink Duckie Beach Balls (1 dz)
$22.99 -
Bubble Print Stuffed Farm Animals (12 pc)
Regular Price: $17.91
Now only: $10.32
Wooden Farm Animal Paddleball Games (1 dz)
$16.27 -
Inflatable Cow Farm Animals (1 dz)
Regular Price: $21.55
Now only: $14.45
Farm Animal Fanny Pinchers (1 dz)
$19.49 -
Plush Long Arm Farm Animals (1 dz)
$21.99 -
Farm Party Treat Boxes (8 pcs)
$14.59 -
Farm Animal Stickers - 1 roll
$5.25 -
Make your Own Farm Animal Balloons (1 dz)
$6.35 -
Farm Party Bean Bag Toss Game (6 pc)
$23.99 -
Farm Animal Vinyl Finger Puppets (1 dz)
Regular Price: $6.40
Now only: $5.29
Farm Animal Handprint Craft Kit (makes 12)
$10.74 -
Bendable Farm Animals (1 dz)
Regular Price: $10.99
Now only: $6.49
Farm Foam Frame Craft Kits (2 dz)
$23.01 -
"You're A Hoot" Owl Dinner Plates (8 pc)
$8.15 -
Naughty Cow Key Chains (24 Cows)
Regular Price: $24.97
Now only: $15.02
Relaxable Cow Footballs (1 dz)


text:
Previous Cartoon | Next Cartoon
A Little Soap And Water
This page has been viewed 8 times this month, and 878 times total.
- Betty Boop Theatrical Cartoon Series
- Traditional Animation
- Fleischer Studios
- Distributed by: Paramount Studios
- Cartoon Characters: Betty Boop, Pudgy.
- Voice Actors: Mae Questel, Ann Rothschild.
- Directed By Dave Fleischer.
- Produced By Max Fleischer, Adolph Zukor.
- Animated By Myron Waldman, Edward Nolan.
- Originally Released on June 21, 1935.
- Originally Released Theatrically.
- Running Time: 5:31 minutes.
- Black & White
Cartoon Summary:
Betty again oozes sex even as she prepares to give her very reluctant puppy Pudgy a bubble bath.
Watch Cartoon Video:
You can watch this cartoon today on your computer. Just click below to start viewing "A Little Soap And Water" online now.
Submit Additional Information:
Do you have anything to add to this page? Have we made any mistakes... or do you have any additional information about A Little Soap And Water? If so, we would love to hear from you. Please send us a quick note with your additions or corrections to this page, and we will make the corrections as soon as possible!
Cartoon Comments:
Do you love A Little Soap And Water, or do you think it is the worst cartoon ever? Let us know what you think! Surely you have an opinion... so share what you think. Take a minute and post your own comments about this cartoon here.


text:
Results 1 to 4 of 4
got today new update of cyclone box 1.11* installed box not working...trying to update giving this error. cyclone team have a look please...
Box Maintenance procedure started at 19:05:04
Box Open Error -> Security problem #5
Box Maintenance Error -> No connection was established* or box is not in needed mode
Restart pc* then reinstall drivers if need!
This is the Solution.
Step by Step Solution Problem No. 5
If after rebooting the machine insists Problem #5:
1) .- Go to Device Manager
2) .- Universal Serial Bus Controllers
3) .- Select which recognizes the Box Bootloader Mode
4) .- Right Click
5) .- Update Driver ...
6) .- Select Manual
7) .- Select C: Program Files Cyclone Box Drivers
8) .- Install completely* then it is only Mainteinance Box and enjoy the new update.
Greetings. Enjoy.
By DAPX
Please do some Read / search before post
ERROR CycloneBoxInstaller_v1.11.exe
Cyclone DEMOLITION! XGold1 Unlock/RPL* XGold2 Flash/RPL* W7 64bit* New log2cod* more.
Thread Information
Users Browsing this Thread
There are currently 1 users browsing this thread. (0 members and 1 guests)
Similar Threads
my cyclone Box Open Error -> Security problem #1 (Solved) - Cyclone box
By NOKIA127 in forum CycloneboxReplies: 7Last Post: 12-29-2011, 09:36 PM -
Cyclone box - dear CYCLONE TEM i cant reset security code of bb5. whats problem?
By Gsm Nokia in forum CycloneboxReplies: 2Last Post: 12-28-2011, 02:10 AM -
Security problem #5 - Cyclone box
By Nour1 in forum CycloneboxReplies: 1Last Post: 12-28-2011, 01:42 AM -
Cyclone box - 3110c SECURITY PROBLEM help me
By Normis21 in forum CycloneboxReplies: 3Last Post: 12-27-2011, 05:50 AM -
HELP 3110c security problem - Cyclone box
By demoxx in forum CycloneboxReplies: 3Last Post: 12-27-2011, 05:43 AM


text:
Bus Stop Opens on Regent Stage
By Amanda Morad | November 15, 2013
Bus Stop opens Friday, Nov. 15.
In the 1950s, William Inge was one of the most well-known playwrights in New York, having penned a string of Broadway hits with film adaptations and major awards including a Pulitzer Prize and an Oscar. One of those hits comes to Regent University's Studio Theatre Friday, Nov. 15.
Bus Stop will spend two weekends in Regent's Studio Theatre with showings at 7:30 p.m. Nov. 15-17 and 21-23. Saturday and Sunday showings at 2:30 p.m. on both weekends are also available.
Purchase tickets at the Box Office.
Bus Stop, the 1956 film adaptation of which starred Marilyn Monroe, is one of Inge's most celebrated comedies. The New York Times calls it "an uproarious comedy that never strays from the truth." When a bus becomes stranded at a rural diner one snowy night, eight unlikely characters find themselves faced with nothing but time and one another.
"This production features a particularly seasoned cast of graduate students, brilliantly detailed design (youll be convinced you can saddle up to the counter of this rural Kansas diner and order some grub at intermission), and a story that is both charming and haunting in its simplicity," said the show's director, and an associate professor in the School of Communication & the Arts, Eric Harrell. Harrell is also the artistic director for Regent's professional theatre company, Tidewater Stage.
Bus Stop has long been praised for its emphasis on bringing people together who only appear to have nothing in common. "In Bus Stop, Inge asks us all to pull up a chair for the evening and join the conversation," Harrell said. "He asks us to examine the commonalities that unite us and strive for greater empathy before we continue our separate journeys down the road."
Purchase tickets at the Box Office.
Mindy Hughes, Public Relations
Phone: 757.352.4095 Fax: 757.352.4888
E-mail: email@example.com
Latest News
University Chapel Celebrates the Closing of Black History Month
By Brett Wilson | February 25, 2015
Using Her MBA to be a Servant Leader at WVEC
By Brennan Smith | February 25, 2015
Regent University School of Law Hosts the Fourth-Annual Global Justice Symposium
By Brett Wilson | February 25, 2015
Weather Alert - University Opening 10 a.m. Friday, Feb. 27
February 25, 2015
By Brett Wilson | February 24, 2015
Regent University Students Win Second Place at GW Religious Freedom Competition
By Brett Wilson | February 24, 2015