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Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
Liberal arts education is at the heart of the University of Denver. Our faculty, staff and students come together in a shared quest for knowledge of the human condition.
Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences
Liberal arts education is at the heart of the University of Denver. Our faculty, staff and students come together in a shared quest for knowledge of the human condition.
AHSS Advisory Board members serve a renewable, four-year term. Members are appointed by the dean.
Amelia Ribnick Kleiman, CFRE, MBA, JD, is currently Vice President of Marketing and Philanthropic Services with Kleiman Enterprises, LLC as well as President of ARK Consulting, a firm whose mission is to help non-profits repair the world. Prior to re-establishing her consulting practice, Amelia served as Director of Major Gifts for the Alley Theatre and Texas Regional Director of the American Committee for Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, where she was responsible for developing local Texas leadership, increasing awareness for one of Israel's leading academic medical centers and significantly enhancing the organization's profile and fundraising efforts throughout the state.
Previously with Baylor College of Medicine, Amelia served as a Director of Development helping to grow BCM's donor support by actively cultivating and soliciting major gift prospects. Prior to BCM, Kleiman was Principal of ARK Consulting, assisting organizations, foundations, corporations, and individuals build legacies for the future through planned giving, fund-raising, and/or non-profit management assistance. Ms. Kleiman also served as Special Projects Counsel for St. Luke's Episcopal Health System, Assistant Director of Development and External Relations for the Houston Zoo, Executive Director of the Center for Community Initiatives at the Greater Houston Community Foundation, and Executive Director of the Houston Jewish Community Foundation.
Amelia received her BA in Political Science and Economics from the University of Denver in 1979, graduating with University and Economics Honors. She has been active as an alumni since leaving school, having served in various leadership roles with the greater Houston Alumni Chapter, as well as an interviewer and recruiter for the DU Office of Admissions. A founding Board member of the DU Arts, Humanities, and Social Sciences (AHSS) Dean's Advisory Board, and most recently Board Vice President, Amelia is currently President of the Board.
Kleiman, who also holds an MBA and JD from University of Houston, served as Association of Fundraising Professionals – Greater Houston Chapter Secretary, and in 2012, was Chair of National Philanthropy Day for the AFP-Greater Houston Chapter. She previously served as President-Elect, VP of Community Outreach and Diversity, VP of Government Relations, and Assistant Secretary, and also held leadership roles with the local Planned Giving Council. A member of the State Bar of Texas and Women's B & P Connections networking organization, Amelia also serves as Co-Chair of the Greater Houston Grantmakers' Forum. In addition to her professional affiliations, Amelia is an active volunteer with numerous non-profits, including the University of Denver, University of Houston Law Center, Hadassah, Jewish Family Service, ERJCC of Houston, and the Jewish Federation of Greater Houston, among others. She also served for a number of years as a religious school teacher at her synagogues.
A third-generation native Houstonian and published author, Amelia practiced law and ran a successful business before starting her non-profit career. With over 20 years in the non-profit field, Amelia is a popular speaker in the areas of giving in diverse communities, planned giving, endowments, grant-making, marketing, corporate philanthropy, and community foundations. She has spoken extensively to a variety of groups, locally, regionally and internationally, and will be part of a team of experts introducing a course on Diversity in Fundraising in the spring of 2015 at the Center for Philanthropy and Nonprofit Leadership, a division of Rice University's Glasscock School of Continuing Studies.
Amelia is married to Eric Kleiman, a marketing executive with PROS software and President of Kleiman Enterprises, and is the proud mom of Brett, age 18 and Jacklyn, age 12, who both attend Robert M. Beren Academy, as well as Jenna Michelle Kleiman, of blessed memory. When not keeping up with her kids' many sports activities, Amelia and her family love to travel, especially to visit baseball stadiums and National Parks around the US.
Terena Thyne Eisner is the Co-Founder and Editor of the travel website wandermelon.com. She also regularly writes travel and lifestyle feature articles for a variety of publications, including Harper's Bazaar, Coast, Elle, Arena, The Sun, Robb Report and others. Eisner was the Contributing Lifestyle Editor of Harper's Bazaar Singapore, and Lifestyle Editor of the luxury lifestyle magazine CREAM. She sits on the board of 826LA, a writing and tutoring center in Los Angeles and is an advisor of the Eisner Foundation.
Sehra Eusufzai is the Director, Brand System & Workforce Enablement at IBM. Working in brand strategy, marketing and corporate communications, she has held leadership roles supporting various IBM business units for the last decade, including more than three years in Bangalore, India, where she led regional communications and global industry marketing. Previously, Eusufzai worked in IT consulting, database marketing and external and internal relations, advising or working for federal government, professional services and telecommunications clients. Before gaining her MS at DU in strategic communications, she received her BS in materials science & engineering from Johns Hopkins University. Eusufzai now resides in New York City where she also serves on the Associates Board of the Asian American Writers' Workshop; the Congress Executive Committee for South Asian Women's Leadership Forum; and the advisory board of The Asia Society's 'Asia Circle' Young Patrons' group.
Geoff Gordon graduated from the University of Denver in 1973, with a BA in Theater. He then served two years as an NBC page in Burbank, CA, handing out prize envelopes to winners of Stump the Band on "The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson." His early acting experience was as the voice of Haggle, the first cartoon rapper on television, in the "Gary Coleman Show," a Hanna-Barbera cartoon. He next starred in George Clinton's music video "Last Dance," where he played a love-struck nerd. Ironically, he later became Executive Story Editor on the ABC sitcom "Family Matters," where he created the show's break-out character, Steve Urkel. Geoff wrote Urkels signature line, "Did I do that?" and the rest is history. Worried that the phrase may end up on his tombstone, Geoff has opted for cremation.
Geoff also wrote for several ground breaking television shows, including working with Norman Lear on The Jeffersons, and for Fox Networks comedy series Roc. He created and wrote a TV pilot, Baldwin Heights, depicting the life of African-American upper-middle class families. He later worked in Hollywood at Paramount Studios, with Eddie Murphy Productions on Royal Family, starring Redd Foxx (Sanford and Son) and Della Reese (Touched by an Angel).
The second part of Geoff's career was as a studio executive at MGM Worldwide Television. Here, he was Vice President of Marketing, Publicity, and New Media.
Geoff moved back to Denver in April of 2014. Returning to his Colorado roots, he is rejoining the DU family and looking forward to being part of this vibrant community.
Nora Heitmann was raised in Greenwood Village, CO, and attended the University of Denver. She graduated Cum Laude with honors in both political science and communications in 2000. After a year of working for Governor Bill Owens, Nora left the public sector to begin a sales career at Airborne Express. Consistently winning awards and top rankings, she was promoted to Senior Sales Rep after only one year. Heitmann stayed with Airborne until they were sold to DHL in 2001.
It was in 2001 that Heitmann began her career in freight forwarding. She worked for Quantum Logistics, one of Inc. 500's fastest growing companies. Quantum Logistics was bought and sold. Heitmann and the core group there remained with the organization when they became Forward Logistics Group in 2006 and are now Trans Trade, Inc. At Trans Trade, Inc., Heitmann has been the number one sales rep nearly every month despite maternity leave and only working two days a week. In 2008, her gross profit was more than $200,000 greater than the second ranking sales rep. In 2009, Heitmann won an award from ColoradoBiz Magazine naming her one of the top 25 most powerful sales people in Colorado.
The Denver Business Journal recently profiled Heitmann about her career in the shipping industry and her community volunteerism. Read more …
In 2010, the University of Denver recognized her success and awarded her with the Ammi Hyde Award for Recent Graduate Achievement. An award reserved for the top alumni within 10 years of his/her graduation. In her free time, Heitmann is active in the Junior League of Denver and enjoys running marathons, tennis, fly fishing, wine and spending time with her husband, 4½ year old daughter and 1½ year old son.
Chief International Trade Counsel, Ways and Means Committee, U.S. House of Representatives
Jason Kearns serves as Chief International Trade Counsel (Democratic Staff) to the Committee on Ways and Means in the U.S. House of Representatives. In that position since 2006, he advises members of Congress on legislation concerning international trade and on oversight issues involving the Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and other agencies involved in international trade policy and regulation.
Earlier, Kearns served for three years in the Office of the General Counsel to the U.S. Trade Representative within the Executive Office of the President. There he advised negotiators on issues that arose during bilateral and multilateral trade negotiations and represented the United States in several disputes in the World Trade Organization.
From 2000 through 2003, Kearns worked in the international trade group of Wilmer, Cutler & Pickering (now known as WilmerHale). In addition to his undergraduate degree from the University of Denver, Kearns holds a Master in Public Policy from the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University and a Juris Doctor from the University of Pennsylvania.
Thomas J. Kulik was born in Denver, graduated from DU in 1973 with a BA in psychology, and from the Univ. of Colorado School of Medicine in 1977. He completed training in general pediatrics and pediatric cardiology at the Univ. of Minnesota Hospitals, followed by faculty positions in Minnesota, Boston Children's Hospital, the Univ. of Michigan Hospitals, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, and is currently a senior associate in cardiology at Boston Children's Hospital and an associate professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School.
He has served on multiple national committees relevant to the provision of pediatric cardiac care, as well having had administrative positions at the Univ. of Michigan Hospitals, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, and Boston Children's Hospital.
Kulik has done basic and clinical research regarding control of the lung's circulation, and research related to improving postoperative outcomes in patients with congenital heart disease.
Ian Mohr is currently Deputy Editor of Page Six at The New York Post. Before joining the daily column, he previously served as Box Office Editor of the Hollywood trade publication Variety and was New York Bureau Chief of The Hollywood Reporter. Mohr has also worked in film development and production as VP of Goldsmith-Thomas Prods., an independent company based at MGM Studios. As a production executive, he oversaw the Showtime pilot "Possible Side Effects," written and directed by Tim Robbins, and was involved in the development of projects for ABC, HBO, Walden Media and Summit Entertainment.
A native of Brooklyn, New York, Mohr majored in Creative Writing at DU, and was News Editor of The Clarion. After graduation, he worked as a copy clerk at The Chicago Tribune and was marketing manager of Pearson Television in Los Angeles. He has contributed as a freelancer to GQ, Gawker Media, Fashion Week Daily, Moxie Pictures, Warner Bros. Int'l Television and Sony Int'l Television.
Linda Murphy Marshall received her BA in Spanish from the University of Denver and subsequently studied at St. Louis University to obtain her MA in Spanish and her PhD in Hispanic literature. Fluent in more than a dozen languages (including Xhosa, Sotho and Swahili) and proficient in 20, she has worked at the US Department of Defense (DOD) as a language analyst since 1985. In that role she has traveled the world with US elected officials, including President George Bush and Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice. She has taught fellow DOD employees about language securities and has developed DOD proficiency tests for less common languages. Linda has also served as a research scientist at the University of Maryland's Center for the Advanced Study of Language. CASL brings together people from the government, academia and the private sector to perform research in language and cognition.
As Global Chief Diversity Officer and Senior Vice President, Corporate HR, at Walmart, Sharon is responsible for advancing a diverse workforce with 2.2 million associates worldwide. Her current responsibilities include overseeing and leveraging global diversity and inclusion efforts, associate relations, and HR policy for the world's largest retailer.
Sharon joined Walmart in 2003 as Vice President, People. In 2004, she was promoted to Senior Vice President, People – Sam's Club. Prior to joining the company, Sharon was Vice President of Human Resources for Gart Sports, where she was responsible for compensation, benefits, training, recruiting, public relations, and investor relations. Sharon also spent 17 years with Foot Locker, where she held various leadership positions in Operations and Human Resources.
Sharon is an experienced human resource professional with a passion for diversity and for people. She has made it her mission to advance diversity initiatives, sponsor immersive learning trips and lead by example.
A lifelong advocate for inclusion, education and opportunity, Sharon considers it a privilege to serve as a member of the National Advisory Board of Enactus. She has held previous Board positions with Women's Foodservice Forum and the Center for Entrepreneurship at Fayetteville State University in Fayetteville, North Carolina.
Kristin Powell is the president of the AHSS Student Advisory Council. She will graduate from the University of Denver in spring 2016 with degrees in sociology and communication studies. She studies social deviance and social justice issues, particularly through policy change, institutional reform, culture adjustment and advocacy for human rights. At DU she is a student leader involved with the Social Justice Living and Learning Community (LLP), Class Council, the Black Student Alliance and the National Residence Hall Honorary. She serves as resident assistant for first-year students for the Social Justice LLP Residence Hall. Kristen is passionate about promoting intercultural dialogue and empowerment through community engagement. She is currently working to get involved with at-risk youth populations in Denver in program development and coordination. In fall 2015 she will study abroad in Tanzania as a DU Cherrington Scholar.
Michele Right is a third-generation Colorado native, and '70 graduate from the University of Denver, with a BA in Mass Communication. A reporter for the Denver Post, she also worked as sales office and catering manager for the Hilton Hotel chain. In addition to teaching remedial English to students at a Denver area high school, Michele has also been a docent in the Contemporary Art department of the Denver Art Museum.
An active community member, Michele was responsible for Colorado's first legislative mission to Israel. Michele served as Parent Council president of a Denver area private school, in addition to serving as a member of the school's Board of Trustees. She is presently Director of Communications for a small Denver-based distributing company.
David Savinar is the founder and executive director of Rain Agency INC, a Portland, OR, integrated advertising agency. Savinar has extensive agency and corporate experience in interactive, direct marketing, advertising and promotions. He has a record of successfully directing logistically demanding and time sensitive advertising and direct marketing campaigns for Fortune 500 companies and has international and multicultural advertising experience. His clients at Rain include the University of Iowa, Intel, Intuit, The Oregon Zoo, HSBC Bank, and many more. Before founding Rain, Savinar was the executive creative director at CyberSight where he created a 20-plus person interactive creative department in Portland and San Francisco. After receiving his BA in studio art from DU, he received his BFA from the Art Center College of Design in California. He has served and serves on numerous boards, including the Board of the Art Directors Club of Philadelphia, the Oregon Zoo Foundation Development Committee and Epilepsy Foundation of Philadelphia. He is president-elect for the Maryhill Museum of Art Board of Trustees.
The White House is known as "The People's House," and since 2009, Ellie Schafer has made that sobriquet truer than ever before for millions of guests. As Director of the White House Visitors Office and Special Assistant to President Barack Obama, Schafer has helped transform how guests perceive and experience 1600 Pennsylvania Avenue. From private VIP visits to the sprawling Easter Egg Roll that draws 35,000 children and parents to the South Lawn, Schafer has managed more than 1500 events during her tenure. More importantly, she has restored the White House as a place that is fascinating, educational, and fun to visit.
In her almost 20 years in the workforce, Schafer has worked both at the White House and with everyday members of the American public. She has been as comfortable serving such clients as Barack and Michelle Obama, Bill Clinton, Al and Tipper Gore, and His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama as she has been working with students visiting the White House's organic garden to learn about healthy eating or Iowa farmers campaigning for President Obama. Throughout, she has established a documented record of success in helping shape public opinion toward individuals and institutions.
At the White House Visitors Office, Schafer oversees a staff of eight and more than 1,000 volunteers. Besides the well-known Easter Egg Roll, National Tree Lighting Ceremony, and Garden Tours, she handles Holiday Open Houses, White House tour services for 535 Senators and Representatives, and State Arrival Ceremonies for world leaders from such nations as India, Mexico, and France. She also plays a key role in July 4th festivities, Halloween trick-or-treating at the White House, and other large events.
But it is Schafer's strategic role that has transformed how the public interacts with and views the White House. She has streamlined the White House Tour System—logistics, security checks, communications, and so on—to make it more efficient, expeditious, and friendly without sacrificing security. For example, she instituted programs such as the Monthly Member Pass for Members of Congress and developed a Boarding Pass for visits to the White House. She has consulted with Buckingham Palace and the FBI to make their tour programs more open and accessible to the public. She also works closely with the United States Secret Service to ensure that increased access never jeopardizes the safety and security of the First Family or their guests.
Prior to her role in the Visitors Office, Schafer worked in senior positions on the advance staff for the Obama presidential campaign. She managed logistics for such campaign trips as the Democratic National Convention and Super Tuesday. In 2006, she accompanied then-U.S. Senator Obama on tour promoting his book "The Audacity of Hope.'' Months later, when Senator Obama announced his candidacy for President of the United States, Schafer was on his team from day one, and was tapped to serve the 44th President of the United States at the White House.
Schafer's political career took root in 1995, when she developed her own political consultancy, focusing on advance and logistical work for political campaigns, foundations, and national and world leaders. Her clients included the Dalai Lama, Heinz Family Philanthropies, The California Endowment, John Kerry for President, Former President Bill Clinton, and Former Vice Presidential Couple Tipper and Al Gore.
Among many honors, in 2013 Schafer was selected to the inaugural class of President Obama's Leadership Academy and was enlisted as a mentor for First Lady Michelle Obama's Mentoring and Leadership program. The latter gives 20 local high school girls access to senior female leadership in the White House and is designed to inspire them and help them achieve their dreams.
In 2014, Schafer was profiled in Capitol File Magazine's, "Women Who Wow" and in 2010, Out Magazine named Schafer as, "one of the 100 most influential men and women who inspired, shaped and changed the world." She was also the keynote speaker at the University of Denver's Homecoming weekend.
Andrea Stanton is assistant professor of Islamic studies in the department of religious studies and serves as the department's undergraduate adviser and as liaison for its Theta Alpha Kappa chapter. Her research focuses on twentieth and twenty-first century Islam in the Middle East and globally. Specifically, she examines media and religious identity, and investigates the sometimes conflictual, sometimes cooperative, relationships between new technologies and claims to religious authority. Her most recent historical work examines government management of religious broadcasts in Palestine in the 1930s and 1940s, connecting this to a broader trend of Middle Eastern states controlling religious communities' access to radio and television. Her most recent contemporary work examines the emergent phenomenon of "Islamic emoticons," which appear in online Islamic chat forums and websites. Stanton's teaching interests include Qur'anic studies, contemporary fundamentalisms, globalization and its impact on religious identity and practice, gender and Muslim practice and embodied practice and notions of piety, as well as the Internet and social media's evolving impact in these areas. Stanton graduated magna cum laude from Williams College with a double major in religion and history. She obtained her MA and PhD from Columbia University, with a focus on Middle Eastern history.
Vanessa Teck graduated from the University of Denver in 2013 with a BA in Intercultural Communications and Digital Media Studies, with a minor in Leadership. She is currently continuing at DU as a Masters Candidate in Higher Education at the Morgridge College of Education. Vanessa is passionate about community engagement, addressing issues of social justice, and furthering inclusive excellence. However, much of her time is dedicated towards helping in the progressive Asian Pacific American (APA) movement, both locally and nationally. At present, she is embarking on a research project with the Asian American and Pacific Islander Research Coalition (ARC) to collect the stories of Bhutanese and Burmese refugees in Colorado. In her free time, Vanessa manages Community Outreach and Multimedia for Project Ava, an organization she co-founded with two fellow DU alumni to share meaningful stories to move the advocates of today and tomorrow.
Cole Wist hails from the small town of Paonia, in the heart of Colorado's Western Slope. He earned his undergraduate degree from DU and his law degree from Georgetown University. Cole practices law as a partner with Holland & Hart LLP in Denver. Wist has over 25 years of litigation experience in state and federal courts across the country, and his primary practice areas are workplace safety and health and employment litigation.
Wist's professional activities include: the Colorado Mining Association, the Industrial Minerals Association, the Colorado Lawyers Committee, and Club 20. Wist has served as a gubernatorial appointee to the Task Force on Civil Justice Reform and as a Trustee for Mesa State College. For many years, Wist served as a mock trial coach for Regis Jesuit High School, and led a number of teams to success at the state and national levels.
During his undergraduate years at DU, Wist served as President of the student government and was active in his fraternity and numerous campus organizations. Building on the strong roots planted in his political science/public policy studies, Wist is a lifelong political junkie and remains involved in policy issues as a lawyer and private citizen. During hockey season, you will find him in his Section 20 seats cheering on the Pioneers.
Wist and his wife, Susan, live in Centennial. They have three daughters.
Rudy Alterio, Student Representative (2011-2012)
Melanie Herrera Bortz, Alumni Representative (2011-2012)
Brewster Boyd (2012-2013)
David Briggs, President (2011-2012)
Noel Edghill, Alumni Representative (2011-2012)
Sarah Gjertson, Faculty Representative (2011-2012)
Constance Hammond, Alumni Representative (2011-2013)
Craig Hirokawa, Student Representative (2012-2013)
Emmit McHenry, Vice President (2012-2013)
Derigan Silver, Faculty Representative (2011-2014)
Steve Simon, Vice President (2012-2014)
Anne Waldeck (2011-2014)
Josh Wehe, Student Representative (2013)
Interested in board membership or committee membership? Contact us.


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Tampa Bay Rays' manager Joe Maddon and players Johnny Damon, Sam Fuld, B.J. Upton, and Sean Rodriguez will be featured in an upcoming "It Gets Better" video to support teens dealing with anti-gay bullying, reports the St. Petersburg Times. The new video will be recorded before the team's August 23 game against the Detroit Tigers. The Rays are the ninth Major League Baseball team to commit to participating in the campaign started by Dan Savage in 2010 after a string of teen suicides were reported.
For those keeping track, four teams—San Francisco Giants, Chicago Cubs, Boston Red Sox, and Baltimore Orioles—have already filmed videos for the It Gets Better campaign.
Five teams—Minnesota Twins, Seattle Mariners, Washington Nationals, Philadelphia Phillies, and Tampa Bay Rays—have committed to the project.
Major League Baseball comprises 30 teams, which means nearly one third of the league supports gay people through the It Gets Better Project. Not bad, but we can still do better. Head to change.org to sign those petitions.
- Does it matter that Tim Cook
happens to be gay?
August 26, 2011 07:38AM - Petition: Stop LGBT
Discrimination in Cameroon!
August 18, 2011 09:03PM - Watch: Day 3 of the 2011 Queer
of the Year contest
August 12, 2011 07:51AM - Nearly a third of Major League
Baseball supports gay people
August 11, 2011 06:11PM - DOMA to break up seven-year
marriage and 19-year bond
August 09, 2011 06:58PM
- "Wow. I must read! Thank
January 24, 2011 09:40PM - "Yep. We should know
better, but I think the
problem is linked
to a lot of
gay peo…"
December 13, 2010 08:34PM - "Thanks,
November 29, 2010 08:55PM - "Unfortunately, I am not
aware of any protest. It seems
this is one case,
November 21, 2010 09:27PM - "Thanks for the heads
Mea culpa in a
I changed the
November 10, 2010 06:21PM
Gaypersonsofcolor's Links
- Follow me on Twitter
- Gay Persons of Color
Here we go again! Not only do gays which is just a little over 1% of the population are now receiving support and funds for their immoral lifestyles from MLB? The Rays baseball team are crying because fans do not show up for their games...maybe this is the reason. Why should our money support a lifestyle that God forbid will be flaunted in front of our children! Please do not support any team that supports Gay Right and their Coalition ! What is this world coming too? Earthquakes , unusual flooding, and the new strain of bird flue. God is getting our attention. I have nothing against gay people but when they force their lifestyle and special rights down our throats they do not get my respect. God help us!

subset: commoncrawl


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Talking to Siri: Poof. You're a sandwich.
A man walks into a pub holding a cheese sandwich. "A pint of beer for me and the cheese sandwich, please," he says. "Sorry," replies the bartender. "We don't serve food here."
Steven Sande and Erica Sadun have been working on the third edition of Talking to Siri, the book that covers all the ins and outs of everyone's favorite digital assistant.
Source: http://tuaw.com/tag/siri
Software Updates
more updates- Apple Remote Desktop updated with Yosemite support
- OS X Yosemite 10.10.2, iOS 8.1.3 updates now available
- Sports Illustrated 120 SPORTS channel comes to Apple TV
- Logic Pro X update brings AirDrop support, new effects, tools, and more
- Parallels Access 2.5 released, adds file manager, computer-to-computer remote access
- The Google Translate iOS app is about to get a lot smarter


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caused a minor uproar when it opened earlier this year, its trip to Abu Dhabi landing accusations of racism and cultural insensitivity.
Which could explain why nobody's really talking about a third rampant big screen outing for the Manhattan quartet. Except Kristin Davis.
"There are no plans that I know of but I would love to do a third film," confirms Davis, aka Charlotte (the brunette one) to
The Mirror
It'd take a small miracle to get the project off the ground, of course, seeing as the second film only made $95m domestically – not a patch on the first film's mammoth $152m.
"We all want to do it," the actress stresses. "I guess it's just figuring out whether it's the right thing to do and if we can move the characters forward anymore."
Fans of the pissed-on TV series are probably clamouring for the ladies to hang up their garters and call it a day. But then, if SJP wants in, who are we to stop her?
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American Idol William Hung William Hung was the original horrible American Idol contestant. 1/1/2005 12:00:00 AM 365,075 932
Celebrity American Idol Funny Flash Animation about a Celebrity version of American Idol. 6/18/2005 12:00:00 AM 172,286 1,515
Numa Numa - American Idol Numa Numa even made it to American Idol...lol 4/1/2005 12:00:00 AM 166,619 1,731
Knowing American History It was the first day of school and a new student named Pedro Martinez, the... 6/30/2006 12:00:00 AM 119,364 1
Brazilian Bitch Slaps American Guy The Brazilian uses a little misdirection to fool his angry partner. 12/1/2012 12:00:00 AM 41,171 102
American Guy Gets Slapped Around By Russians Don't act like an ass when you visit Russia. 10/19/2013 12:45:27 PM 25,103 84
Marine Catches a Protester Flying Flag Upside Down A marine goes beast mode when he sees a protester flying the american flag... 4/4/2014 10:44:20 AM 19,164 66
How Not To Start an Interview With an Actor A stupid film student mistakes John Cusack for Kevin Spacey. 4/20/2014 11:59:48 AM 17,773 33
Kacy Catanzaro Pwns American Ninja Warrior Course Tiny Kacy Catanzaro becomes the first woman to ever advance to the finals... 7/16/2014 11:50:11 AM 16,664 86


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TD-Complete Submission
What to expect when you're expecting (an acceptance letter)
4.14 / 5.00 4,109 ViewsOh shit, fourstar's brother ruined the mod control pannel and now were all stuck in the 80's.
Not just the star syndicate fourms but everything is stuck in the 80's.
The year is 1989 and star syndicate histroy is being made. This is the year Sevenstar tears down the berlin wall.
ThreeStar and her class blow up in a rocket being lanched into space.
Will we be albe to go back to 2005?
Todays retro rockets are: F00D , ZeckeySpaceLizard , Rexco , Starberry , MannyFlash , Rantish and Guardain.
All were really great! But that MannyFlash should be a supermodel ;)
lol,liked the author`s commetns and loved the
f00d- so that happened to the crocidile hunter and he decided to sing a song about it
zekeyspacelizard- true.
rexco- lol
starberry- dogg.
mannyflash- lol
rantish- RUN RADIOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO
gaurdian- DANCE PARTY!
liked the author`s comments, had a crush on the music,loved the daily2oon/what a spectacular daily2oon,i hope you find a way out of the 80`s soon so you can make it back for dailyday
Sub-par for a daily2oon
It was mostly just tweens, mp3s of old songs and movie stills. The only one I liked was Guardian's, and it was too short. :(
Greater than the last few, yeah and i almost missed rating this ALMOST but yeah... I liked the Land Down Under one most


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Senior Member
I forgot about Twisted Fate... that guy is a beast lol. At my level, though, you hardly see it (not even playing ranked yet, but practicing carrying in solo queues for it.)
Sounds like you are going for an initiator/tank/tanky-dps I've heard Malphite is the king of initiation, I've never played as him, with him, or against him though. You might want to take a look at Pantheon. Although some consider him underwhelming, he's got a poke (spear shot), map control (skyfall is a global teleport), initiation (the shield bash thing that stuns people). I don't know about his pushing abilities. You may also want to take a look at the standard tanks (Shen, Amumu, Rammus) and champions like Garen and Tryndamere. Sorry if I'm completely wrong, I'm still kinda new to this game too .__.
I would suggest rammus. He is an awesome initiator and team leader. His roll combined with flash and low cd 3 sec taunt allow him to control the key members of the opposite team. He puts out a tremendous amount of damage in the middle of a team fight with this ult as well.
Nasus. His voiceovers are OP.
rolf people seem to under estimate nunu, very solid push in game and his utl iis very nice, well for me gankplank with crt runes is lethal i rem one i had 100% crt till the other team got fed up and raged quit, i did mal in like 2 ****s then used my utl to make team then then 1 shot i picked them off.
Janna is similar to Anivia in that she can dictate how a team fight pans out with the cc she has. When you face a good Janna it feels like you can't even get near the team and everyone is tanky. I used to play Anivia too, and still do at times. She can also push well. Galio I feel fits the bit pretty well. Galio can push very well. Conversely he can defend very well. In teamfights his poking keeps distance between enemies and your team, and should anyone come in you've got Q to slow and W to buff yourself or allies. And of course... that ult. If you learn to use it well then teamfights go your way, period. When I break out of ult it's usually to E + Q the remaining squishies at low life. and even though he doesn't have hard cc to dictate fights... the way a Mord rolls on in ( on my team ) just makes me feel fuzzy inside.
Im gonna say Taric is your best bet. An aura Taric makes everyone better. He is durable and can run head first into trouble.. stunning and causing mayhem that his aura-boosted teammates can take advantage of. If any champion is a "leader".. someone who everyone else rallys around and becomes stronger with... id say its Taric.
I'd say: Panth, TF, Ashe.
yeah how could I have forgotten taric?!


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Junior Member
Hello to all my friend, someone can tells me how to get the 1000 riot points frees? I was said that if you have the troubles at logging in last week you can gets all the points frees. Thanks.
Agent Of Doom
Senior Member
That was for those who lost rune pages and champs for a few hours/days NOT logging in as everyone had that


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Burris FastFire Combo - MTAC 1-4x24 Riflescope, FastFire III Reflex Sight, PEPR Mount
Riflescope Mount - NEW Specifications for Burris Optics Kit: Burris Fast Fire 3 Reflex Sight ... The Burris FastFire III Combo Riflescope and Reflex Sight Pack comes complete with its wide field ... Ballistic CQ 5.56 Reticle 1-4x24mm Riflescope from Burris allows you to quickly engage close targets or take ... precise aim out to 600 yards. The Tactical Riflescope Kit from Burris has a matte black finish ... that helps to keep you hidden from the enemy. The Burris FastFire 3 Reflex Red Dot Sight is lightweight ... Combination Pack - 1-4x24mm MTAC Illuminated Ballistic Plex CQ 5.56 Reticle, FastFire III Reflex Sight, PEPR ... Burris PEPR AFR Riflescope Ring Mount: Forward Scope Positioning: 2in For: M-4 and AR15... |
Trijicon Tenebraex KillFLASH Anti-Reflection Device for Trijicon RX30 Reflex
Reflex Sight. We offer complete line of Trijicon Red Dot Sights Accessories. For more Red Dot Sights ... such as Trijicon Red Dot Sights, Trijicon Riflescope, Trijicon Riflescope Accessories, Trijicon ... Riflescope Rings, Mounts and Bases and Trijicon Tritium and Fiber Optic Night Sights. Package Contents: ... Accessories please visit our Red Dot Sight Accessories page. Our store offers a full line ... of original Red Dot Sight Accessories by Trijicon with full manufacturer's warranty and Free Shipping ... Trijicon Tenebraex KillFLASH Anti-Reflection Device for Trijicon RX30 Reflex, RX28... |
Trijicon M16/AR15 Top of Handle Mount RX25 for Reflex Sight
Riflescope Mounts Rings Bases RX25: Mfg Item Num: RX25 Category: OPTICS - BASES ... Trijicon Reflex Scope above the handle. Trijicon Reflex Scope Top of Handle Mount RX-25 also allows you ... Type: Reflex Mount MFG-Model: AR-15 Style: Top Handle Misc: Allows For Use ... Of Original Sights Finish: Matte Black Gun Model: AR15 Package Contents: Trijicon Reflex Sight M16/AR15 Top of Handle Mount RX25... |
Trijicon RMR Mounts - mounting base for reflex sights
Trijicon RMR Mount is a flat mounting plate for the Trijicon RMR Reflex Sight. The scope base ... dot mounts and scope accessories to the same high degree of precision, quality and reliability ... as Trijicon riflescopes and sights. A full line of mounts and related hardware bring Trijicon ... or protect the optics when they are not in use. To meet a wide variety of needs, the line includes ... of Trijicon RMR Mounting Plate for RMR Reflex Scope: Custom mounting plate for Trijicon Reflex Sights Package Contents: Trijicon RMR Scope Mounting Base... |
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Trijicon Lenspen for Optics for cleaning of Trijicon ACOG Rifle Scopes, Night Sights, Reflex Sights
cleaning element, designed to never dry out. Trijicon Optics Lens pen is safe and very easy to use, ... and it is perfect for cleaning of your Trijicon ACOG Rifle Scopes, Trijicon Night Sights, Trijicon Reflex ... Sights. Package Contents: Trijicon Lenspen for all optics, TA56... |
Leupold D-EVO 6x20mm Tactical Riflescope
The primary optic to attach to your favorite carbine, the Leupold D-EVO 6x20mm Tactical Riflescope ... provides the best transitions between optical devices for the best way to use your riflescope ... alongside a holographic, red dot, or reflex sight. Featuring the exclusive CMR-W reticle, this Riflescope ... D-EVO 6x20mm Tactical Adjustable Riflescope switches quickly and easily between 1x and 6x ... magnification and back again. The Leupold D-EVO 6x20mm Tactical Waterproof Riflescope is also dive proof up ... to 66 feet, ensuring that your riflescope stays strong in even the most intense conditions. Leupold ... 120322: D-EVO 6x20mm Tactical Riflescope w/ CMR-W Reticle,Matte Specifications for Leupold D-EVO... |
Night Optics Mil-Spec Weapon Mount for PVS-14/D-300
Night Optics PVS-14/D-300 Mil-Spec Weapon Mount NO-NA-A3256348 allows you to use your favorite ... professional-grade night vision devices with the firearm of your choice. With these Night Optics night ... vision accessories, you can take your PVS-14 or D-300 night vision sight into any tactical ... situation, allowing you to conduct operations during the cover of darkness. Use this night vision accessory ... light sources, catching your enemies unawares. The Night-Optics Mil-Spec Night Vision Firearm Mount ... easily mounts to virtually any Weaver or 1913 Picatinny rail using secure thumb screws by Night Optics ... . Fast attachment and detachment for these night vision accessories is achieved using a torque preset... |
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Scopecoat Cover for Reflex w/ Gooseneck Mount
Scopecoat for Reflex Sight w/ Gooseneck Mount is practical, inexpensive protection for all your ... sport optics while in storage or in use. Available in a variety of standard and custom sizes ... stretch to 12 inches. Features of Scope Coat for Reflex Sight: Black Easy application Package Contents: Scopecoat Cover for Reflex Sight... |
Mueller Optical 1x22x 33mm Quick Shot Waterproof Red Dot Scope
section of our store. We also have riflescope accessories for Mueller Optics Scopes. They can be found ... in the Mueller Rifle Scope Accessories section as well. Specifications for Mueller Optical 1x22 x ... Mueller Optics offers premium innovative rifle scopes and red dot sights that feature unparalleled ... light capabilities and more, then check out the Mueller Optics Riflescopes and Mueller Red Dot Sights ... Mueller Optics 1x 22x 33mm Quick Shot Water Proof Red Dot Scopes (Black)or(Camo) are unique ... sights. With this Mueller Optics Red Dot Sight, you have the ability to select from 4 different ... reticle styles with the flip of a switch. The Quick Shot Red Dot Scope by Mueller Optical comes complete... |
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Invisible Man Kit by OpticsPlanet
Weapon Accessories Leupold Mark 4 ER/T 4.5-14x50mm (30mm) M5 Matte Front Focal Mil Dot Rifle Scope ... functions of The Invisible Man Kit is hunting, it's important to have the right optics for successful ... giving away your position First and foremost on the list of hunting optics is a quality rifle ... scope. The Leupold Mark 4 ER/T 4.5-14x50mm Mil Dot Rifle Scope is an outstanding scope for a number ... shot it'll boost your effectiveness quickly. But while a rifle scope is necessary for an Invisible ... to become invisible. OpticsPlanet reserves the right to interchange products when they become unavailable. ... Package Contents: The Invisible Man Kit by OpticsPlanet includes: Visual Stealth Camouflage... |
Trijicon 1/8 (0.125) Inch Spacer for Reflex
by Trijicon, such as Trijicon Red Dot Sights, Trijicon Riflescope, Trijicon Riflescope Accessories, Trijicon ... Riflescope Rings, Mounts and Bases and Trijicon Tritium and Fiber Optic Night Sights. RX125-SPACER: ... Trijicon 1/8 (0.125) Inch Spacer for Reflex is compatible with all Reflex mounts, except ... the Trijicon RX10 Reflex Mount. You can use this Trijicon Spacer alone or stack several together to adjust ... the mounting height. We offer complete line of Trijicon Red Dot Sights Accessories. For more Red Dot ... Sights Accessories please visit our Red Dot Sight Accessories page. Our store offers a full line ... of original Red Dot Sight Accessories by Trijicon with full manufacturer's warranty and Free Shipping... |
BSA Optics Panoramic Green & Red Dot Sight with Laser and Light Combo
for reliability in your hunting optics, you're in the right place. Our selection of BSA Optics Riflescopes offers ... of BSA Rifle Scope Accessories. We offer a full line of genuine BSA Rifle Scopes with full ... BSA Optics Panoramic Green & Red Dot Sight with Laser and Light Combo PMRGSLL is the ultimate ... flexible BSA Optics Red Dot Scope. BSA Optics specializes in the manufacture of high quality ... rifle scopes and rifle scope mounts, rings and bases, including red dot sights. If you're looking ... you great quality at unbeatable prices. Mount your rifle scope or shotgun sights just the way you ... winter hunting, and more. Our assortment of spotting scopes and rifle scopes covers a wide range... |
NcSTAR 30mm Cantilever Optic Quick Release Mount
accessory, the NcSTAR 30mm Cantilever Optic Quick Release Mount mounts your optic forward. This NcSTAR 30mm ... space behind the optic for a Magnifier, Iron sight, or another accessory Works with 30mm Scopes ... and Reflex Optics Mount height is at the AR15 height for Co-Witnessing with your Iron Sights ... For more eye relief or rail space behind the optic for a magnifier, iron sight, or another ... Cantilever Optic Aluminum Quick Release Mount features an all aluminum construction with a black ... anodized finish. The NcSTAR 30mm Cantilever Optic Weaver/Picatinny Quick Release Mount ... is at the perfect AR15 height for co-witnessing with your iron sights and will work with 30mm scopes and reflex... |
Trijicon RX01-25 Reflex 6.5 MOA Amber Dot Sight with M16/AR15 Top of Handle Mount
point in low light, no light or bright light. Specifications for Trijicon Reflex 6.5 MOA RifleScope - ... Trijicon Reflex RX01-25 6.5 MOA Amber Dot Sights with M16/AR15 Top of Handle Mount offers shooters ... the perfect combination of speed and precision under virtually any lighting conditions. Reflex 6.5 ... 4.20 without adapter Illumination source: Fiber Optics ... of Trijicon RX01-25 Reflex 6.5 MOA Amber Dot Sights w/ M16 / AR15 Top of Handle Mount: A bright aiming... |
Trijicon RX06-25 Reflex 12.5 MOA Amber Dot Sight with M16 / AR15 Top of Handle Mount
Trijicon Reflex RX06-25 12.5 MOA Amber Triangle Sights with M16 / AR15 Top of Handle Mount offers ... Reflex 12.5 MOA Amber Triangle Sight by Trijicon features big sight picture, realistic color ... and a bright aiming point in low light, no light or bright light. Specifications for Trijicon Reflex 12.5 ... MOA RifleScope RX-0625 - Amber Triangle Reticle w/ M16 / AR15 Top of Handle Mount : ... Fiber Optics/Tritium Reticle Pattern: 12.5 MOA Dot Day Reticle ... No Gun Model: AR15 Features of Trijicon RX06-25 Reflex 12.5 MOA Amber Triangle Sights... |
Ncstar Rem 870 Shotgun Barrel And Magazine Tube with Green Micro-Dot Optic
Dot mount is compatible with NcSTAR Micro-Dot Reflex Optics: DDAB, DDABL, DDABL, DGAB, DXDAB, ... accessories/optics on top of the Cantilever mount. Includes two side Weaver/Picatinny type rails for attaching ... eye relief and the automatic brightness feature, it hits you this NcStar Micro Green Dot Optic ... is just what you've been looking for. Also included in this NcStar Green Dot Optic/Mount Combo ... the NcStar Shotgun Mount/Green Dot Optic Combo is the ideal choice. Ncstar MSHBDREMG: Rem 870 Shotgun ... Barrel And Magazine Tube Micro-Dot And Rail Mount With Green Micro-Dot Optic, BLACK Features ... of NcStar Shotgun Barrel MD/Rail Mount and Red Dot Combo NcStar Micro Green Dot Optic w/Auto On/Off... |
NcSTAR XRS Series 2-7x32 Scope w/ Modular Upper Scope Rings & Convertible Base Mount
NcSTAR Micro-Dot Reflex Optics - DGAB and DXGAB Package Contents: NcSTAR XRS Series 2-7x32 Illuminated Scope ... Scope w/ Modular Upper Scope Rings & Convertible Base Mount. This rifle scope made ... Illuminated Rifle Scope will give you a clear, crisp image of your intended game. NcSTAR ... Includes 4 separate Upper Scope Rings - 2 each Lightweight Rings, Dual Side Rails Accessory Ring, ... and a Low profile Micro-Dot Reflex Sight Base Low Profile Micro-Dot Reflex Sight Base is compatible... |
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Leupold D-EVO 6x20mm Red Dot w/LCO, CMR-W Reticle
Combine the power of a strong riflescope with the Leupold Carbine Optic (LCO) red dot sight ... accessories Bold aiming point for reflexive shots Simultaneous close quarters and mid-range target ... brightness settings for the perfect red dot illumination, this Riflescope and Red Dot Sight from ... Leupold fuse your two favorite optical tools for a magnified image and long-range precision. Easily ... Riflescope and Red Dot with LCO and CMR-W Reticle: Magnification: 1x and 6x Objective Lens Size:... |
Weaver Offset Rail Adapter
accessories Fast transition between magnified and reflex style optics Aircraft Grade 6061-T6 Aluminum ... Weaver Offset Rail Adapter 99671 allows you to quickly switch optics without head shift. ... With the Weaver Offset Rail Adapter 99-671, you can quickly go from a primary, magnified optic to your ... 996-71 can also be used for lights and other accessories typically attached to a Picatinny rail. We ... of products by Weaver on sale please visit our Weaver page. For more Riflescope Mounts Rings Bases please ... visit our Rifle Scope Mounts Rings Bases store section. Features of Weaver Offset Rail Adapter... |
VISM 30mm Cantilever Scope Mount w/Dual QR Mount
a secondary Optic, such as a Micro Dot Reflex Optic for close range Targets Dual Locking Quick Release ... The VISM 30mm Cantilever Riflescope Mounting System w/ Dual Quick Release Levers VMSPRB has been ... developed to be the ideal way to mount your favorite riflescope to your weapon. This Scope Mount from ... ring half for mounting accessories to the top of your scope. The reversible, 45° offset rail mount ... on the VISM 30mm Cantilever Dual QR Rifle Scope Mounting System, is great for mounting secondary ... optics. For a great way to make sure you have a stable surface on which to mount your scope, choose ... the VISM Dual Quick Release 30mm Cantilever Riflescope Mounting Base and Rings. VISM VMSPRB: Spr... |


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I've got clients that are doing some amazing things with CGI::Prototype. I also have a three part series about the basics of CGI::Prototype, starting with the June issue of Linux Magazine.
-- Randal L. Schwartz, Perl hacker
In reply to Re: Modules that significantly contribute to Laziness
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Gustaf's Wine gums that are stamped with port, sherry and champagne come in fruit flavored and offer relishing taste. Non alcoholic gums are great for parties, weddings, birthdays, giveaways, individual enjoyment and more.
Need more help? Get advice from your Network REVIEW SNAPSHOT® by PowerReviewsGustaf'sWine Gums, 2.2 lb. Bulk Reviewed by 1 customer Displaying review 1 5/30/2013 (1 of 3 customers found this review helpful) Wine Gums Pros Cons Best Uses Comments about Gustaf's Wine Gums, 2.2 lb. Bulk: I first had these in Europe and was very excited
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Staples® HL8000 Commercial lateral file cabinet in light gray color is made of 30 percent post consumer materials. 52 1/2" x 42" x 18 5/8" Lateral file cabinet includes four drawers for storing the files and has factory installed lock for security.
# of Drawers | 4 |
Exterior Dimensions | 18.625"D x 42"W x 52.5"H |
Construction Material | Metal |
Mfr. Warranty | Mfr. limited lifetime warranty |
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File Frame Needed | No |
File Cabinet Color | Lt Gray |
Assembly | Fully Assembled |
File Cabinet Width | 42" |
Depth | 18-5/8" |
File Cabinet Type | Lateral |
Furnishing Color | Gray |
Height | 42" |
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Furnishing Material | Metal |
Need more help? Get advice from your Network REVIEW SNAPSHOT® by PowerReviewsStaples® HL8000 Commercial 42" Wide 4 Drawer Lateral File Cabinet, Light Gray Reviewed by 1 customer Displaying review 1 11/3/2011 (2 of 2 customers found this review helpful) Nice.. but.... Pros
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Comments about Staples® HL8000 Commercial 42" Wide 4 Drawer Lateral File Cabinet, Light Gray: I expected somthing more durable and sturdy for the price, the metal is thin and it feels cheap. I would not buy another, and i am in the market already for another filing cabinet!
Would you recommend this product? No, I would not recommend this to a friend (2 of 2 customers found this review helpful) Was this review helpful? Yes / No - You may also flag this review Displaying review 1 |
Mobile Pedestal Files Roll Under 29" High Work Surfaces Mobile pedestal files are perfect for those times when an additional ...
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This Web site is intended for use by US residents only. See International Sites. See our delivery policy for full details. Copyright 1998-2014, Staples, Inc., All Rights Reserved.


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A shocking report authored by the office of Russia's top religious leader Patriarch Kirill I states that this past week the United States ordered over 10 million Christian websites destroyed that they claimed were a "threat" to their National Security and that the American Internet giant Google quickly responded by making them all disappear.
According to this report, Google first came under assault from the US government in June when the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) announced that they had launched an investigation into the company, a move defended against by top Google executive Amit Singhal who aside from claiming the attacks against them were baseless said, "At Google, we've always focused on putting the user first."
After weeks of unrelenting pressure upon them, however, this past week Google, which had refused to answer the baseless charges against them, caved to the US government and announced that their Chairman, Eric Schmidt, who had previously said the charges against them were nonsense, agreed to testify before a US Senate Committee under threat of subpoena.
On the very same day that Google caved into these US governments demands, this report continues, they then announced that they had blacklisted and banned over 11 million websites that had been registered for free through the co.cc subdomain the world over. Giving as its reason for this largest in history removal of private websites Google asserted that it had the right to pull the plug on sites if they "see a very large fraction of sites on a specific freehost be spammy or low-quality."
Co.cc is the Internet country code top-level domain (ccTLD) for Cocos (Keeling) Islands, an Australian territory. It is administered by VeriSign through a subsidiary company eNIC, which promotes it for international registration as "the next .com"; .cc was originally assigned in October 1997 to eNIC Corporation of Seattle WA by the IANA.
Most important to note about the .cc domain, this report points out, is its being preferred by Churches and Christian organizations around the world as "CC" also happens to be an abbreviation for "Christian Church" or "Catholic Church," especially in Islamic Nations where due to strict laws against Christianity these free co.cc websites were the only way those belonging to this faith were able to communicate with each other.
In this Patriarch Kirill I report as to the "true reason" for the US ordered government shutdown of millions of Christian websites in Islamic Nations it states is the "fundamental shift" undertaken by the Obama regime to support radical Muslim elements instead of the once secular Arab leaders it once did.
The most crucial US turnaround in this regard happened this past week, and as we can read, in part, as reported by the Front Page Magazine News Service:
This gravest danger posed by the US ordered destruction of these millions of Christian websites, this report continues, involves the estimated 20 million Coptic Christians now living in Egypt who, should the Muslim Brotherhood gain control, would face the removal from their homes of all of their children so they could be "educated" in Islamic schools as converts to the Muslim faith.
US author Brad O'Leary in his book "America's War On Christianity" warns that no one should be surprised about these things as many US regimes, including Obama's, have waged a decades long war against this faith in their attempt to eradicate it from all forms of public expression, even to outlawing school children from even mentioning the words "God," "Bible," or "Jesus Christ" under threat of imprisonment.
Even worse, shocking news is now coming from the United States that the Obama regime has ordered that the words "God Bless" and "Jesus Christ" cannot be used even when burying their military dead, and as we can read, in part, as reported by the Christian Post News Service:
Most appalling of all of these things is the vast majority of the American people allowing their once cherished Christian values of home, family and morality to be continued to be stripped away from them with nary a protest as if they have completely forgotten that their religion would have never survived without the countless millions who martyred their lives, including Jesus, so their faith could survive.
To the horrific future lying in store for Christians living in America today should come as no surprise either as prior to his election as President, Obama stated in response to them, "…it's not surprising then they get bitter, they cling to guns or religion or antipathy to people who aren't like them or anti-immigrant sentiment or anti-trade sentiment as a way to explain their frustrations."
Forgotten by Obama is that those Americans who "cling to their guns and religion" are the exact people that made the Founders of the United States created their Nation for; and though they have survived much since their founding, their silence today as their Nation is allowed to be destroyed shows how truly weak they have become. And in that weakness lie the seeds of their own destruction, but which they are too ignorant of history to even see as their total destruction looms ever closer.
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The Anti-Christ is the so called apostle Paul, he is also called the false prophet. In Revelation he is called little beast, the Beast being ISRAEL also called 666
See also `A last minute guide to the Bible` http://www.lastminutebibleguide.capnix.com -
I know the first thing I'm going to do today is dump google from my pc , Hoping many others do the same . Remember Jesus died for you , google is nothing unless you and I make it so .
I am at a loss for words. Imagine now why the United States is suffering in every way imaginable. Financially, spiritually, natural disasters, etc. etc. The so called leaders of the country are continually excluding God. Unbelievably horrific and sad. God so loved this world he gave his only begotten son to save sinners, of which we all are. Father forgive them, for they know not what they do ….
I'm an atheist, so this issue is only of concern to be because Christians helped to build the United States more than Muslims did. Muslims in America are obnoxious parasites who demand we change our ways. I think that it would be much fun to make asteroids fall on all of their countries.
A spaceship is initially in Earth's orbit, but is on the opposite side of the sun from Earth. Its captain wants to enter a transfer orbit, bound for Vesta, at 12h UT on 26 June 2017. The navigator does some trial runs on a computer and discovers an elliptical transfer orbit having its aphelion at Vesta upon arrival at 4:45:36.036 UT on 12 June 2018. Check the navigator's work to ensure that an elliptical transfer orbit does exist for these times for departure and arrival. Show the elements of the transfer orbit and the Δv required for departure and for arrival.
Spaceship initial orbit.
a = 1.000002 AU
e = 0.016711
i = 0.00
ω = 103.095°
T = JD 2454285.96Vesta's orbital elements.
a = 2.36126914 AU
e = 0.089054753
i = 7.13518389°
ω = 149.85540185°
Woe to the inhabitants of the Earth… Obomb-a I have seen you demise, and your days are few.
Simply, and not bothering with all these comments below, Jesus the Christ preached love and by this we would all be known by our love as His disciples. Obama is shutting down these websites so that the atrocities which are being perpetrated on Christians in the world cannot be made known and he will not be blamed… Christians have been persecuted, like the Jews, for thousands of years… i don't see where the Muslims have ever been persecuted. Obama is the devil himself and he hates…
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text: Creating a Window of Opportunity for Policy Change By Nancy Yinger, The Population Reference Bureau AMDD Conference Kuala Lumpur, 2003 Workshop Objectives • Goal: To provide overview of the role of information in policy process. • Topics: The research-to-policy gap A model of the policy process Policy-relevant findings, implications, and recommendations The importance of evaluation The Research-to-Policy Gap • Large investments have been made in policy- relevant data collection and research. • Yet, opportunities for increasing knowledge and putting data to use are often lost. • Researchers and decision makers work in different spheres. How is the gap manifested? • Stereotypes • Assumptions about how decisions are made Researchers' Stereotypes of Policymakers Uninterested or too busy to read Reach hasty conclusions Actions unsubstantiated by data Distrust survey and research findings Limited perspective Should be responsible for drawing implications from the data Policymakers' Stereotypes of Researchers Avoid policy implications of findings Prone to professional "faddism" Excessive use of technical jargon Inconclusive generalities about broad theoretical matters Little appreciation of real problems and data needs Assumptions about Decision-making Researchers may assume that policymakers: • Practice rational decision-making • Prioritize goals and objectives • Examine alternative solutions systematically • Choose alternatives that maximize goals Policymaking is Not Linear POLITICS SOLUTIONS PROBLEMS A Window of Opportunity for Policy Change POLITICS Window of opportunity PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS Moving the Spheres Together POLITICS PROBLEMS SOLUTIONS The Goal of Agenda Setting Help issues gain and keep the attention of: The media The public Policymakers Characteristics of Issues that Get on the Policy Agenda • Clear, measurable indicators • Policy champions • Feasible policy or program alternatives • Attention-focusing events Agenda Setting Activities • Press conferences and other kinds of support for journalists • Public events, seminars and speeches • One-on-one meetings with policymakers Coalition Building Links together individuals from Government The academic community The media NGOs and advocacy groups Businesses Coalition Building Activities • Create and/or facilitate media or advocacy networks • Provide information to existing networks Policy Learning • The ongoing stream of information to policymakers • An understanding by all actors of complex power relations and changing institutional arrangements Policy Learning Activities • Policy analyses • Publications • Electronic communications (websites, CD-roms, e- newsletters) • Seminars and briefings Crafting the Policy Message Policy communication messages derive directly from the data help decision makers to understand policy implications and to make grounded policy recommendations. Research to Recommendations Research Key Findings Implications Recommendations Implications are: • Broad statements that express a direction, new information, or a need implied by the findings. • Analyses derived from two or more findings. • Guides to help the audience begin to interpret the findings. Making the Link to Recommendations Implications are a bridge from your key findings to policy recommendations. Recommendations: • Offer specific actions that you urge a policymaker or program planner to take. • Should start with an action & be S.M.A.R.T. A S.M.A.R.T. Recommendation Is: • Specific • Measurable • Action-oriented • Realistic • Timebound Skilled Attendance at Delivery, by Residence, India 1998-99 Percent of live births 60 56 50 40 30 23 18 20 11 10 0 Urban Rural Doctor Trained nurse/midwife Source: OCR Macro, India National Family Health Survey, Demographic and Health Surveys. Implications • Rural women may be at significantly higher risk of maternal death than urban women because of the low level of skill attendance at birth. • A higher percentage of the urban women who have skilled care rely on doctors, which may result in higher medical costs. Recommendations • Within one year, conduct a behavior change campaign in rural areas to increase awareness of the importance of skilled care, and in urban areas to build support for using nurse/midwives. • Within two years, expand the number of trained nurse/midwives by 50%, and include a community service requirement to increase the pool of skilled providers in rural areas. Place of Delivery, by Education, Peru 2000 Percent of live births 90 84 81 80 69 70 60 50 40 29 30 15 18 20 10 0 No Education Primary Education Secondary + Delivery at health facility Delivery at home Source: OCR Peru Demographic and Health Survey. Implication • Educational level is clearly related to whether women in Peru deliver their babies at home or in facilities, but only the most educated women rely on facilities. Since women with primary education are quite similar to those with no education, programs need to target both groups to address their needs for safe delivery. Recommendations • Within 6 months, conduct additional analysis on the constraints to facility-based delivery faced by the 2 lower-education groups. • Within 1 year, start a community-based project to address those constraints, including materials for low-literate or illiterate populations about the danger signs of obstetric emergencies. Evaluating Policy Communications Have policy communications activities : • Helped your issues gain the attention of policy makers; • Enhanced coalition efforts to increase the saliency of your issues; or • Supported policy learning? And Ultimately…The Window of Opportunity Is there evidence of change in • Policies, • Programs, • Strategies, or • Resource allocation? Need for Benchmarks Coalition building Policy Learning "best" "worst" Agenda Setting Initial Assessment Policy Coalition building Learning Agenda Setting Post-Intervention Assessment Coalition Building: Policy Learning: No change Improved Window open Agenda Setting: Improved In Summary • Policy change is a complex, dynamic process. • Research can play a key role but the research-to-policy gap must be bridged. • Agenda-setting, coalition building & policy learning are key elements in policy change. • Effective policy communication depends on clear findings, implications & recommendations. Saving Women's Lives Communicating your research findings to policymakers will help open the Window of Opportunity for improved maternal health policies. Thank you!


text: THE STRATEGIC FUNCTION OF TOPOGRAPHIC CHARTS Alfredo Pereira de Queiroz Filho Department of Geography – São Paulo University – Brazil email@example.com Abstract: This work approaches the change in the strategic role of topographic charts in Brazil. At the systematic mapping of the territory, twenty four charts were considered of national security interest (1 confidential and 23 reserved). However, most of them can be obtained, nowadays, through the Web. This way, although the legal restrictions have not been revoked, they do not actually exist anymore. The main cause of this transformation, that is certainly not restricted to Brazil, is related to the lack of proportion between the speed of technological development and the incorporation of cartographic products and services in different governmental spheres. The easy ways of obtaining high resolution satellite images, entity positioning, elevation digital models, and vectorial cartographic bases represent the most important component of this strategic function alteration process of topographic charts. Keywords: chart, strategic function, national security, web. 1 Introduction The historical evolution of the procedures for the elaboration and reproduction of maps can be considered progressive in the last five centuries. At the end of the 20 th century, however, Cartography received unprecedented stimuli, being a lot favored by the development of communications and computer science technologies. For Peterson (1999), the origin of this dramatic change happened in the mid 1980's, when the improvement of the interface with the computer made its use be quickly spread about. Further advances in data storage systems (CD-ROM / DVD) and data distribution (World Wide Web), in the beginning of 1990, contributed for the second wave of cartographic development. It is in this outstanding technological transformation context that this work is inserted. It analyses the change in the strategic role of topographic charts in Brazil from the relationship between the cartographic restrictions of the legislation and the present access facility to the reserved topographic charts. The analysis of the historical evolution of Brazilian cartographic laws and of the practices of cartography institutes, much influenced by the growing offer of maps and satellite images on the Web, intends to contribute to the discussion about the main subject of the research: would the topographic charts be losing strategic importance for National Security? 2 The origins and importance of Brazilian cartography The Commission of the General Chart of Brazil, established in the year of 1903, may be considered as the first enterprise of systematic character for the Brazilian terrestrial cartography. Hosted in Porto Alegre, in the south region of the country, it carried on the project presented in 1900 by the 3 rd Section of General Staff of the Army. The bonds between Cartography and Armed Forces, however, are much older. This relationship reflects the military, economic, and administrative interests of Portugal, chiefly in the colonial period and, later, during the empire. The French (16 th and 18th centuries) and Dutch (17 th century) invasions, the War on Paraguay (from 1864 to 1870) and the need of integration of a country of great territorial dimension, are factors that influenced very much the history of national security policies. Brazil has a land of 8,514,876 square kilometers, divided in 26 states and the Federal District, which group the 5564 cities (smallest administrative unit). It makes border with ten countries of South America and corresponds to about 45% of the territorial area of the last. Approximately 35% of the territory is covered by the Amazon forest and, besides this, there are 125 cities which make border with neighboring countries, being 50 of them in the Amazonian region. All of the Brazilian cities with the area totally or partially in the border strip, which is the area 150 km wide parallel to the national territory terrestrial borderline, are at present considered as special areas by Brazilian State. In them, there are restrictions as to public works of civil engineering, to the imparting of foreigners in rural property or companies, to concession of land and services, and to financial help from the federal government. 3 Characteristics of the Brazilian Cartographic System Although the genesis of Brazilian cartography is not dissociable from the predominant Portuguese military needs of the periods of colonization and empire, its present structure is not only bound to the Army, but also to a civil administration organ. Today, its different organisms are concentrated in the Ministry of Defense and in the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Administration. The Ministry of Defense (MD) – which replaced the General Staff of the Armed Forces in 1999 – has the constitutional attribution of controlling the aerosurvey in national territory. This activity is carried out through its Division of Cartography and Aerosurvey, which organizes and maintains the Record of Aerospace Survey of the National Territory (CLATEN), in which are recorded the aerosurveyed areas of the country. It is the duty of the Directory of Geographic Service (DSG), which is part of the organizational structure of the Brazilian Army, subordinated to the Ministry of Defense, the attribution of establishing the Technical Norms for the National Cartography, as regards to the 1:250,000 scales or larger. The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) – civil organ pertaining to the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Administration – has the legal attribution of establishing the Technical Norms for National Cartography for scales smaller than 1:250,000. To the National Commission of Cartography (CONCAR), an organ bound to the IBGE, belongs the competence to elaborate the Regulating Instructions of Technical Norms of National Terrestrial Cartography. However, considering the administrative instability of this last organ, the concerns about Cartography have not been constant along time for the Brazilian administrators. As it can be observed in Table 1, although a Commission of Cartography (COCAR) was created in 1967 to determine the directives and bases for Brazilian Cartography, it was extinguished in 1990. Recreated in 1994 with the denomination of National Commission of Cartography (CONCAR), it was deactivated in 1999, to be recreated in the following year, in 2000. Even if one could argue that the eventual problems of administrative order pleaded for the extinction of the CONCAR have not diminished the needs nor the efforts whatsoever of military and civil sectors connected to the systematic mapping of the country, it is certainly possible to ponder that the administrative inconstancy of this civil organ has impaired the progression of activities connected to cartography. Law/Decree Date Goal no no. 05/10/2000 Reactivation of CONCAR, in the Ministry of Planning, Budget and Administration 1999 Deactivation of CONCAR (extinction from the Ministry of Planning and Budget) no no. 06/21/1994 Creation of the National Commission of Cartography - CONCAR 1990 Extinction of COCAR 89,817 06/20/1984 Determination of regulating instructions for the Technical Norms of National Cartography 243 02/28/1967 Establishing directives and bases of the Brazilian Cartography. Creates the Commission of Cartography (COCAR), included in the organization of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics Foundation 9,210 04/29/1946 Establishing norms to render the Brazilian Cartography uniform and to systematize the activities of federal public administration entities 1938 Creation of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics – IBGE 1903 Creation of the Commission of the General Chart of Brazil Table 1: Relevant facts of the cartographic legislation of Brazil It is noticed, in Table 1, that the first act of juridical organization of the National Cartographic System occurred by decree number 9,210, in the year of 1946. Its goal was to settle norms to render cartography uniform and to systematize the acting of federal administration entities of the mapping area. According to CONCAR (2007), this decree reflected the postwar circumstances, for the maps were still treated as military equipment. 4 The secrecy of topographic charts The Brazilian legislation in effect, which deals with the ranking of charts as regards to secrecy, is based on: Law Decree no. 1,177 of June 21st,1971; Decree no. 2,278 of July 17 th, 1997 (Aerosurvey Activity Regulation AAR – which regulates the Law Decree no. 1,177); Technical Regulation (Portaria) no. 0637, SL-6/FA-61 of March 5th, 1998, which approves of the Regulatory Instructions of Aerosurvey in National territory. Although it was revoked by Technical Regulation no. 0637, the process of chart classification was initially regulated by Technical Regulation no. 4,172/FA-51 of December 3rd, 1980. It anticipated the classification of aerosurvey products as "confidential" and "reserved", determined according to the following factors: Representation form of plant of secret character; Scale; Kind of product; Geographic location in respect to the border strip. According to Technical Regulation no. 4,172, were to be classified as confidential, plans and planimetric charts that indicated: Important Plants for National Security (IINS), by names, symbols or details, when realized in scales larger or equal to 1/50,000; Important Plants for National Security (IINS), by names, symbols or details, when realized in scales larger or equal to 1/100,000, when belonging to the border strip; The originals of geophysical aerosurvey. Were to be classified at a lower degree of secrecy, named reserved, the charts with the same criteria, but which indicated Important Plants (II), a category of lower strategic expression. Nowadays, according to the established by article 45 in Technical Regulation 0637, "the product resulting from aerosurvey that indentifies, names and represents plants that must have their secrecy preserved, will be classified as confidential". This means that the present legislation has preserved the confidential secrecy degree, but has eliminated the reserved degree, what indicates somehow an update, but also a simplification of the classification process. It is important to consider that from the twenty three reserved topographic charts (1/50,000), defined by the Ministry of Defense based on Technical Regulation no. 4,172, twenty two can be presently obtained through the Web, in various formats (dgn, pdf or tif). The secret topographic chart, in scale 1/25,000, can also be obtained in the pdf format. Another aspect that stands out is the fact that, though being anticipated in legislation, no topographic charts of the border strip has any degree of secrecy. They are not in the list of secret charts of IBGE, and so they are not framed neither by the present legislation nor by the older, which determined confidential or reserved documents. Nevertheless, this question of border did lose strategic importance. The recently installed Protection System of the Amazon (SIPAM) denotes the extent of the problem and the value the militaries attribute to the border control and to the data production and update about the region. So, the magnitude distinction, between the present need for border watch and the restriction to the cartographic documents that represent it, seems clear. 5 Considerations about the strategic function of maps The main inquiry of this research is about the importance loss of the strategic function of topographic charts. Although this fact is evident, in Brazil, for the topographic charts once considered of restricted circulation are now available at the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics Web page, its causes are less clear. Still, they seem to denote the occurrence of external and integrated circumstances, of which the reach extrapolates the national limits. In this work, it has been considered that the main reason for the diminishing of the strategic importance of maps is the international context of technological development, related to two main components: the present scenario of map dissemination through the web and the space information production systems. 5.1 Maps and Web The main aspect approached here is the relation between the increase on map availability and the diminishing of its strategic role. The assumption, inherent to its meaning, is that any strategic information is to be made public with the restrictions in respect to its importance, to specific and reduced groups of people. So, the increase in the quantity of maps and their unrestricted transmitting reduce their strategic relevance, be it under the military, economic or administrative point of view. In a historical perspective, it is possible to consider that this process is due to the evolution of cartography itself, particularly after the second half of the 15 th century. It is believed that its origin can be associated to the development of the means of map elaboration that, after a long period of stagnancy in the Middle Ages, were pushed forward by an integrated group of factors, as the rediscovery of the work of Ptolemy, the invention of the press and the great discoveries. With the movable type printing system, the maps stopped being copied manually and unitarily. This way, they soon lost the status of a rare and luxurious product, before exclusive of kings, nobles, navigation companies and certain universities. The importance of maps for the commercial and strategic activities, in addition to the popular interest about this "new" form of terrestrial surface representation, amplified very much the production, circulation and diversification of the kinds of maps, increasing the number of companies and professionals dedicated to their elaboration (Raiz, 1969). These historical circumstances hold great resemblance to the present context, marked by the impact of the Internet in Cartography. Although there are particularities that show very specific singularities, it is reasonable to ponder that these are a product of the growing levels of sophistication in the process of production and dissemination of maps. According to Peterson (1999), the World Wide Web has become, in a short period, one of the biggest communications media, and the maps one of its most important components. Its impact in Cartography, from the productivity point of view, can already be considered bigger than that of the press of Gutenberg. A more recent research by the author denotes that the world estimate of map consulting through the Web was over 20 million maps per day (Peterson, 2003). A present evaluation points to a total amount close to 100 million maps transmitted daily through the Internet. Distinct systems, as MapQuest, Google Map, Google Earth, Digital Chart of the World, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), World Wind, and Global Land Cover Facility (GLCF) exemplify the diversity of the kinds of data available on the Web. This group of elements points to an extraordinary expansion of the number of users of space data. However, this popularization can generate, in its extreme limit, three negative aspects for Cartography: 1) conflict for the change of paradigm of the strategic function of the map; 2) creation of the myth about the map potential, based on the unlimited powers of technological development; 3) the false sensation that the users do not need the mediation of specialists anymore. The vertiginous increase in the map offer and the ways of access – materialized chiefly through the Web and cell phones – contributes definitively for the transformation of the importance of maps. In these two entrepreneurial segments, the maps are not treated as secret documents, for they assume the characteristics of a service, product or merchandise offered by the corporations. These supply the functionalities of the map – as, for instance, road route maps – in exchange to the increase in the number of visitors of their Web pages, which is reverted in the raising of prices paid by advertisers and sponsors. It is important to put in relief that this phenomenon of exponential increase of information availability, however, is not restricted to Cartography. Countless segments have suffered a similar impact, as the circulation and access to records, books, and newspapers, among others. Nevertheless, none of them has or has had a relation so close, along history, to the conquering and maintenance of national territories. On the aspect of national security, one may consider that the maps have lost their strategic importance due to the improvement of armaments. Static terrestrial targets, represented by the maps, have lost part of their relevance due to the growing tactical importance of moving and aerial elements. If topography was a fundamental element in classical wars – of slow progression on land – for Infantry advance, Artillery positioning and Cavalry moving; the present day combat systems, made of missiles and antiaircraft artillery, require much more than the location of static elements, but the detection capacity for moving targets, through infrared sensors, laser, and radar, among others. On the other hand, it is also feasible to imagine that there is a previous censorship on the maps and satellite images exhibited through the Web, made from criteria such as location, scale and resolution. The requisition to blur the satellite images of strategic locations, of Google Earth, made by Australia, South Korea, India, Russia and Thailand, for instance, is a clear display of the delicacy of the question. It is also and evidence of the incompatibility of interests between governments and companies. A contrary argument to these solicitations is that the difference in the focus would cause the contrary effect, that it would call the attention of the user about the existence of some important plant at that site. The second negative aspect of the fast expansion of the number of maps is the possibility of attributing a magic aura to maps and technologies that produce them. The mythifying of the unlimited power of maps contributes to minimize the comprehension of their historical role, of the complexity of data integration between various systems that make up the transmitting of maps through the Web and also of the importance of theoretical development of Cartography. From this point of view, Meng states that "the theoretical development of cartography and its methods is much below its technological evolution. Today, the making and use activities of maps tend to be more oriented by techniques and cartographic products have become more functional. Instead of following the motto "today"s theory is the key for tomorrow"s practice", cartographers have been employing most of their efforts in learning the last and volatile technologies, as if being up-to-date with technological developments were the only choice that could protect them from the professional failure in an extremely competitive society" (Meng, 2003: 8). It is fundamental to stand out that the dissemination of cartographic products and methodologies is a very positive fact, because space knowledge should not be considered as a privilege of any category whatsoever. However, there resides a potential problem – the third negative aspect in the accelerated expansion of maps – that this plenteous availability and facility of use can be misinterpreted as a diminishing of the importance of the cartographer. This simplicity of access and consultation, however, does not make of their practitioners capable in the specificities of Cartography and it is not possible either to suppose the continuity of technological development without the participation of its specialists. Even if the degree of sophistication of interfaces has turned the use and access to maps more elementary, expanding the number of users, its production process has become more and more refined, demanding a great number of specific routines and procedures. It is worth saying that, for Schrage (1998), contrary to what is common sense, the Internet has brought a revolution in relationships and not in information. The interpretation is that the fact that users use more maps and services derived from them does not mean that the space information has transformed itself, but that new procedures or habits of space location were incorporated. 5.2 Space information production systems A very important element which interferes in the strategic value of maps is the technological development of artificial satellites, chiefly the Positioning and Remote Sensing Systems. The easy ways of obtaining coordinates (UTM or Latitude/Longitude) and high resolution images is unprecedented in history and, for this reason, contributes for the reduction of the strategic function of maps. With the signal of the Global Positioning Systems (GPS), the Glonass and, in the future, of the Galileo, it is possible to obtain coordinates of desired points with good precision and great speed. The resulting systems, developed for terrestrial survey, are uncountable, attending to various needs of exactness and financial possibilities. The perspectives of Remote Sensing satellites are also very auspicious. The launching of Ikonos II, in 1999, can be considered a landmark, for besides providing a resolution of down to 1 meter, it was the first commercial high resolution satellite. The launching of QuickBird 2, in 2001, consolidated this type of private investment, offering the users images of space resolution down to 61 centimeters. Considering that georeferenciating satellite images and overlaying the points, lines and polygons – obtained in the GPS – in the images is an elementary procedure and requires low technical skills, it is possible to evaluate that the map is not anymore, for sometime now, the only location and space orientation source. The integration of large groups of data is another very significant fact. The expression mash-up, used by some segments, defines a Web page or application that combines contents of more than one source. Originary from the musical sphere, it denominates the process of mixture of distinct songs, an amalgam or fusion of well established lyrics and rhythms. It is related to the work of Disk Jockeys (DJs), who mix two or more known musical hits to create new sounds at the dances. On the Web, it represents a page that integrates distributed resources, in other words, information from distinct sources, maintained and updated by different institutions, which may contain maps, satellites, digital elevation models, among others. Another relevant aspect is the production of orthophotos. Since the restitution of information contained in aerial photographs and in satellite images is a very specialized and expensive activity, which has a relatively low productivity, the production of orthophotos has been having a lot of use, chiefly in urban areas and in large scales. This way, it would also be pertinent to ask if it would be occurring a replacement process of the maps by satellite images, because of the facility of interpretation and richness of details of the high resolution images. Would the diminishing of the strategic role of maps and the rising of these images be inversely proportional? It is certain that there are many space operations that require vectorial data, in other words, the feature restitution of images, because countless procedures are not possible in the raster format. However, the use of images is growing at a speed so high that, somehow, it contributed to diminish the importance of the map as a strategic document. Given the right proportions, these evidences would be in disaccord with Wood"s (2005) proposal. Though in a different context, this author defends the idea that the essence of Cartography has not changed with the amplification and diversification of the ways of using maps. Cartography would still be supreme, because its history is longer and stronger than the technologies developed to instrument it. The Geographic Information Systems (GIS), the Digital Terrain Models (DTM), the Data Base Managing Systems (DBMS), among others, contribute much more to strengthen it than to diminish its influence, because they use or are associated with the cartographic representations. Although Wood"s argumentation is solid and consistent, one may believe that the origin of the divergences is the production and integration of new ways of location and positioning, distinct from the classical Cartography. In this technological development context, the transformations and easy ways of production and visualization of georeferenced images gain and extraordinary importance. 6 Final considerations This work has approached the change in the strategic role of topographic charts in Brazil, based on cartographic restrictions of the legislation and the present facility of access to reserved topographic charts. The map, once considered military equipment in Brazil – influenced by the postwar context (1946) – has countless and distinct functions, beyond the ones employed in the caserne. The present diminishing of the strategic role of topographic charts in Brazil has become evident, for from the twenty four charts considered of national security interest, in the decade of 1980, twenty three can be obtained through the Web. However, there are still legal restrictions to obtain these cartographic documents, for the legislation has not been updated. The technological development in Cartography, this way, influences directly the respective laws and norms, increasing the needs for the revision of their contents. Today, the law restricts, but the user can obtain reserved maps freely. For this reason, it is considered that the lack of proportion between the speed of technological development and the incorporation of cartographic products and services, in different governmental spheres, is the major factor of this process. The traditional control over the aerosurveys in Brazilian territory, made by the Ministry of Defense, may seem anachronistic in the next decades in case the successive increase of space resolution of the satellite images keeps the present progression. Although it is still the most important means of elaborating topographic charts, aerophotogrammetric survey is no longer the main, for it began to compete with high resolution satellite images. It is understood that the main cause of this transformation is the facility to obtain and exchange high resolution satellite images, coordinates of relevant entities, digital elevation models and vectorial cartographic bases. Added to the integration potential of space data mash-ups, they constitute the most important components of this strategic function alteration process of topographic charts. 7 Bibliographical references Concar (2007) Breve histórico de iniciativas relacionadas com a política cartográfica e a coordenação da Cartografia nacional. Available at: http://www.concar.ibge.gov.br/indexb988.html?q=node/87 Access in: May 1 st, 2007. Meng, L. Missing theories and methods in digital cartography. In: INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC CONFERENCE. 21, Durban. ICC 2003. Proceedings. 2003. Peterson, M. P. Trends in Internet map use: a second look. In: INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC ASSOCIATION. Proceedings of International Cartographic Conference 99. Available at: <http://maps.unomaha.edu/MP/articles/ICA99/trends99.html>. Access in: April 30, 2007. Peterson, M. P. Maps and the Internet: an introduction. In: PETERSON, M. P. Maps and the Internet. Hungary: Elsevier. 2003. p.1-33. Raisz, Erwin - Cartografia geral. Rio de Janeiro: Ed. Científica. 1969. Schrage, M. Technology, Silver Bullets and Big Lies. 1998. Educon Review. Available at: < http://www.educause.edu/pub/er/review/reviewArticles/33132.html > Access in: April 30, 2007. Wood, M. Cartography is still supreme. In: INTERNATIONAL CARTOGRAPHIC CONFERENCE, 2005, La Coruña. Proceedings of International Cartographic Conference. La Coruña: ICC, 2005. 1 CD-ROM.


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