text:
Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Spread narrows between Brent and WTI crude oil benchmark prices ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Spot prices for benchmarks West Texas Intermediate (WTI) and North Sea Brent crude oil neared parity of around $109 per barrel July 19, and the Brent-WTI spread was ...
Benchmarking DAML+OIL Repositories Yuanbo Guo, Jeff Heflin, and Zhengxiang Pan
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Benchmarking DAML+OIL Repositories Yuanbo Guo, Jeff Heflin, and Zhengxiang Pan Department, heflin, email@example.com Abstract. We present a benchmark that facilitates the evaluation of DAML+OIL repositories in a standard and systematic way. This benchmark is intended to evaluate the performance of DAML+OIL
Heflin, Jeff
Benchmark Evaluation of Plutonium Hemispheres Reflected by Steel and Oil
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
During the period from June 1967 through September 1969 a series of critical experiments was performed at the Rocky Flats Critical Mass Laboratory with spherical and hemispherical plutonium assemblies as nested hemishells as part of a Nuclear Safety Facility Experimental Program to evaluate operational safety margins for the Rocky Flats Plant. These assemblies were both bare and fully or partially oil-reflected. Many of these experiments were subcritical with an extrapolation to critical configurations or critical at a particular oil height. Existing records reveal that 167 experiments were performed over the course of 28 months. Unfortunately, much of the data was not recorded. A reevaluation of the experiments had been summarized in a report for future experimental and computational analyses. This report examines only fifteen partially oil-reflected hemispherical assemblies. Fourteen of these assemblies also had close-fitting stainless-steel hemishell reflectors, used to determine the effective critical reflector height of oil with varying steel-reflector thickness. The experiments and their uncertainty in keff values were evaluated to determine their potential as valid criticality benchmark experiments of plutonium.
John Darrell Bess
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
energy and water use, and rating the energy performance of selected building types. The tool enables users to: * Track multiple energy and water meters; * Benchmark facilities...
North American spot crude oil benchmarks likely diverging ...
Petroleum & Other Liquids. Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, and other liquids including biofuels and natural gas liquids. ...
Average wholesale spot natural gas prices rose across the country ...
Wholesale spot natural gas prices rose across the country in 2010. Average spot natural gas prices at the Henry Hub—a key benchmark location for pricing throughout ...
Volker Rose
Dr. Volker Rose holds an advanced degree in physics (Dipl.-Phys.) and received a doctoral degree Dr. Volker Rose holds an advanced degree in physics (Dipl.-Phys.) and received a doctoral degree (Dr.rer.nat.) from RWTH Aachen, Germany in 2005. During this time he conducted research at Research Center Julich, the largest interdisciplinary research center in Europe. After a postdoctoral appointment at the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM), he joined the Microscopy Group at the Advanced Photon
Wild Roses
Roses Roses Nature Bulletin No. 382-A May 16, 1970 Forest Preserve District of Cook County George W. Dunne, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation WILD ROSES The wild flowers of our forest preserves come into bloom, fade and go to seed, one after another, to present an almost year-long pageant of color. The most spectacular displays are in spring when the woodlands are carpeted with a multitude of delicate blossoms; in May when the landscape is dominated by the pink and white masses of crabapple and hawthorn; and in late summer when the prairies blaze with bands of rich golds, blues and purples. This parade begins quietly in February when the queer hooded bloom of the skunk cabbage pushes up through the crusted snow; and ends in autumn, after the snow has begun to fly again, with the uncoiling of the slender yellow petals of the witch hazel. But, for many of us, the stars of this production are the Wild Roses that show their faces during the long days of June and Midsummer.
Job benchmarks
Benchmarks Job Benchmarks PDSF Benchmarks Select benchmark to view output of ATLAS Fragmentation Alice EMC Simulation Dayabay Analysis STAR pp500 reconstruction STAR AuAu200...
Pain Relief for Osteoarthritis Patients Benchmarked against Fish Oil, a Randomized Trial, without Placebo Control
Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) typically generates pain, reduced mobility and reduced quality of life. Most conventional treatments for osteoarthritis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and simple analgesics, have side effects. PCSO-524™, a non polar lipid extract from the New Zealand Green Lipped Mussel, is rich in omega-3 fatty acids and has been shown to reduce inflammation in both animal studies and patient trials. This OA trial examined pain relief changes in relation to quality of life and safety of use for OA patients who took PCSO-524 ™ compared with patients who took fish oil (containing an industry standard EPA-18 % and DHA-12 % blend). PCSO-524 ™ patients showed a statistically significant improvement compared with patients who took fish oil. There was an 89 % decrease in their pain symptoms and 91 % reported an improved quality of life. Patients treated with fish oil showed significantly less improvement and a greater level of physical discomfort during the study. These results suggest that PCSO-524 ™ might offer a potential alternative complementary therapy with no side effects for OA patients.
Marek Zawadzki; Claudia Janosch; Jacek Szechinski
Wind Rose Bias Correction
Wind rose summaries, which provide a basis for understanding and evaluating the climatological behavior of local wind, have a directional bias if a conventional method is used in their generation. Three techniques used to remove this bias are ...
Scott Applequist
Benchmarks used
Benchmarks used Benchmarks used Benchmarks used Using a set of benchmarks described below, different optimization options for the different compilers on Edison. The compilers are also compared against one another on the benchmarks. NERSC6 Benchmarks We used these benchmarks from the NERSC6 procurement: NERSC 6 PROCUREMENT MPI BENCHMARKS Benchmark Science Area Algorithm Concurrency Languages GTC Fusion PIC, finite difference 2048 f90 IMPACT-T Accelerator Physics PIC, FFT 1024 f90 MILC Materials Science Conjugate gradient, sparse matrix, FFT 1024 c, assembly NPB 3.3.1 MPI Parallel Benchmarks The following NPB 3.3 MPI Benchmarks were run, all at a concurrency of 1024 processes. They are all written in Fortran. NAS PARALLEL MPI BENCHMARKS - VERSION 3.3.1 Benchmark Full Name Description Level
Rose Energy | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Sector Biomass Product Backed by a consortium of three players in our agri-food industry, Rose Energy has proposed a 30MW biomass plant in Northern Ireland. References Rose...
Cumberland Rose | Open Energy Information
Rose Rose Jump to: navigation, search Name Cumberland Rose Facility Cumberland Rose Sector Wind energy Facility Type Community Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Cumberland Rose Wind Energy LLC (community owned) Energy Purchaser City of Fontanelle - excess to Central Iowa Power Coopeative Location Orient IA Coordinates 41.22534409°, -94.44139481° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.22534409,"lon":-94.44139481,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
described below, different optimization options for the different compilers on Edison. The compilers are also compared against one another on the benchmarks. NERSC6...
Benchmark Monitoring: Retired Systems
Completed Batch Jobs Completed Parallel Jobs Usage Reports Hopper Benchmark Monitoring Edison Benchmark Monitoring Carver Benchmark Monitoring Benchmark Monitoring: Retired Systems...
Prairie Rose | Open Energy Information
Rose Rose Jump to: navigation, search Name Prairie Rose Facility Prairie Rose Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Geronimo Wind Energy Developer Geronimo Wind Energy Energy Purchaser Xcel Energy Location Jasper MN Coordinates 43.78671052°, -96.32091522° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.78671052,"lon":-96.32091522,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Evaluating Benchmark . . .
To reduce the simulation time to a tractable amount or due to compilation (or other related) problems, computer architects often simulate only a subset of the benchmarks in a benchmark suite. However, if the architect chooses a subset of benchmarks that is not representative, the subsequent simulation results will, at best, be misleading or, at worst, yield incorrect conclusions. To address this problem, computer architects have recently proposed several statistically-based approaches to subset a benchmark suite. While some of these approaches are well-grounded statistically, what has not yet been thoroughly evaluated is the: 1) Absolute accuracy, 2) Relative accuracy across a range of processor and memory subsystem enhancements, and 3) Representativeness and coverage of each approach for a range of subset sizes. Specifically, this paper evaluates statistically-based subsetting approaches based on principal components analysis (PCA) and the Plackett and Burman (P&B) design, in addition to prevailing approaches such as integer vs. floating-point, core vs. memory-bound, by language, and at random. Our results show that the two statistically-based approaches, PCA and P&B, have the best absolute and relative accuracy for CPI and energy-delay product (EDP), produce subsets that are the most representative, and choose benchmark and input set pairs that are most well-distributed across the benchmark space. To achieve a 5 % absolute CPI and EDP error, across a wide range of configurations, PCA and P&B typically need about 17 benchmark and input set pairs, while the other five approaches often choose more than 30 benchmark and input set pairs.
Joshua J. Yi; Resit Sendag; Lieven Eeckhout; Ajay Joshi; David J. Lilja; Lizy K. John
ROSE Process Offers Energy Savings for Solvent Extraction
Kerr-McGee has developed and commercialized an energy-efficient solvent extraction process known as ROSE (Residuum Oil Supercritical Extraction) in which the extraction solvent is recovered as a supercritical fluid. The energy requirement for supercritical solvent recovery is substantially lower than for conventional solvent processes using evaporation, compression and condensation. The ROSE technology is applicable to a wide variety of both organic and inorganic solvents. Energy savings of forty to fifty percent have been demonstrated commercially with ROSE compared to traditional solvent recovery. The dollar value of the savings is related to the solvent-to-feed ratio employed in the process and the cost of steam, fuel and electricity. Kerr-McGee has a bench scale pilot plant available for feedstock evaluation. Four commercial ROSE units and a large pilot plant have been placed into operation during the past five years. Two additional units are under construction and others are in various stages of design. This paper describes the ROSE process and illustrates its flexibility with respect to the types of feedstocks and variety of solvents which are utilized.
Gearheart, J. A.; Nelson, S. R.
Regression benchmarking with simple middleware benchmarks
The paper introduces the concept of regression benchmarking as a variant of regression testing focused at detecting performance regressions. Applying the regression benchmarking in the area of middleware development, the paper explains how regression benchmarking differs from middleware benchmarking in general. On a real-world example of TAO, the paper shows why the existing benchmarks do not give results sufficient for regression benchmarking, and proposes techniques for detecting performance regressions using simple benchmarks. 1.
Lubomír Bulej; Tomáš Kalibera; Petr T?ma
The NAS Parallel Benchmarks
Weeratunga, "The NAS Parallel Benchmarks," Intl. Journal ofD. Simon, "NAS Par- allel Benchmark Results," Proceedings ofD. Simon, "NAS Par- allel Benchmark Results," IEEE Parallel
Bailey, David H.
NERSC-6 Benchmarks
Benchmarks NERSC-6 Benchmarks The NERSC-6 application benchmarks were used in the acquisition process that resulted in the NERSC Cray XE6 ("Hopper") system. A technical report...
Edison Benchmark Monitoring
Edison Benchmark Monitoring Benchmark Results Select Benchmark CAM GAMESS GTC IMPACT-T MAESTRO MILC PARATEC Submit Last edited: 2013-06-25 22:45:11...
Definition: Wind rose | Open Energy Information
rose rose Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Wind rose A diagram that shows the average percentage of time that the wind blows from different directions, typically on a monthly or annual basis.[1][2] View on Wikipedia Wikipedia Definition A wind rose is a graphic tool used by meteorologists to give a succinct view of how wind speed and direction are typically distributed at a particular location. Historically, wind roses were predecessors of the compass rose, as there was no differentiation between a cardinal direction and the wind which blew from such a direction. Using a polar coordinate system of gridding, the frequency of winds over a long time period are plotted by wind direction, with color bands showing wind ranges. The directions of the rose with the longest spoke show the wind direction with
ROSE: Making Compiler Technology More Accessible
Development team for ROSE (from left): Peter Collingbourne, Martin Bauer (formerly of Livermore), Thomas Heller (formerly of Livermore), Robb Matzke, David Hamilton,
I/O Benchmarks
Benchmarks IO Benchmarks Transfer rates measured 4 times per day for the past week on all of the eliza file systems are shown below. For more details see IO Benchmarking Details....
NERSC-8 / Trinity Benchmarks
Benchmarks NERSC-8 Trinity Benchmarks These benchmark programs are for use as part of the joint NERSC ACES NERSC-8Trinity system procurement. There are two basic kinds of...
Benchmarking data warehouses
Database benchmarks can either help users in comparing the performances of different systems, or help engineers in testing the effect of various design choices. In the field of data warehouses, the Transaction Processing Performance Council's standard ... Keywords: DWEB, OLAP, benchmarking, data mining, data warehouse design, data warehouse engineering benchmarks, data warehouses, database benchmarks, online analytical processing, optimisation techniques, performance evaluation
Jerome Darmont; Fadila Bentayeb; Omar Boussaid
Self-benchmarking Guide for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks,...
Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Title Self-benchmarking Guide for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-3392E Year of...
Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions
data items. Figure 9. Benchmarks for total system pressuredrop. The benchmarks in figure are basedcomponent pressure drop benchmarks shown in figure below, as
Mathew, Paul
Self-benchmarking Guide for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions
for Cleanrooms: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Paul Mathew,efficiency metrics and benchmarks that can be used to trackalso use the metrics and benchmarks described in this guide
Self-benchmarking Guide for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions
for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Paul Mathew,efficiency metrics and benchmarks that can be used to trackalso use the metrics and benchmarks described in this guide
Self-benchmarking Guide for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks...
Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Title Self-benchmarking Guide for Data Centers: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-3393E Year...
Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks...
Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Title Self-benchmarking Guide for Laboratory Buildings: Metrics, Benchmarks, Actions Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number...
Investing in Oil and Natural Gas A Few Key Issues
The Top 20 IOCs and Top 20 NOCs Account for Over Half of E&P Spend Source: PFC Energy, Global E&P Surveys Oil Prices Rose, ...
Spot Distillate & Crude Oil Prices
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
recently. Crude oil rose about 17 per barrel or 40 cents per gallon from the beginning of the latest "up cycle" in mid February 1999 to mid-January, 2000. Over this same time...
Hospital Energy Benchmarking Guidance
of metrics, a high-level protocol is provided. The next section presents draft benchmarks for some metrics; benchmarks are not available for many metrics owing to a lack of...
Factory Flow Benchmarking Report
LAI benchmarked representative part fabrications and some assembly operations within its member companies of the defense aircraft industry. This paper reports the results of this benchmarking effort. In addition, this ...
Shields, Thomas J.
NERSC Benchmarking and Workload Characterization
Petascale Initiative Science Gateway Development Storage and IO Technologies Testbeds Home R & D Benchmarking & Workload Characterization Benchmarking & Workload...
ULTRA-DEEPWATER AND FRONTIER REGIONS RESEARCH NETL Team Technical Coordinator: Kelly Rose
ULTRA-DEEPWATER AND FRONTIER REGIONS RESEARCH NETL Team Technical Coordinator: Kelly Rose ULTRA-DEEPWATER AND FRONTIER REGIONS RESEARCH NETL Team Technical Coordinator: Kelly Rose Name Project Role Affiliation University Project Title Enick, Robert PI Pitt Baled, Hseen Post Doc Pitt Enick, Robert PI Pitt Baled, Hseen Post Doc Pitt Liu, Xingbo PI WVU Chen, Ting Graduate Student WVU Enick, Robert PI Pitt Baled, Hseen Post Doc Pitt Xing, Dazun Post Doc Pitt Baled, Hseen Grad Student Pitt Anderson, Brian PI WVU Velaga, Srinath Grad Student WVU Equation of State Model Assessment and development Evaluate Heavy Oil Viscosity Standard Quantifying complex fluid- phase properties at high pressure/high temperature (HTHP) Experimental and numerical evaluation of key metal-based failures Plume Modeling for High- pressure Water Tunnel Facility Name Title Affiliation Rose, Kelly Geologist
Sell-Side Benchmarks
Sell-side analysts employ different benchmarks when defining their stock recommendations. For example, a 'buy ' for some brokers means the stock is expected to outperform its peers in the same sector ("sector benchmarkers"), while for other brokers it means the stock is expected to outperform the market ("market benchmarkers"), or just some absolute return ("total benchmarkers"). We explore the validity and implications of the adoption of these different benchmarks. Analysis of the relation between analysts ' recommendations and their long-term growth and earnings forecasts suggests that analysts indeed abide by their benchmarks: Sector benchmarkers rely less on across-industry information, and focus more on ranking firms within their industries. We also find evidence that market- and sector-benchmarkers are successful in meeting or beating their benchmark returns, while total-benchmarkers are not. However, we do not find much evidence that investors react differently to recommendations based on the different benchmarks. The research carries implications for the correct understanding and interpretation of sell-side research and its investment value.
Ohad Kadan; Leonardo Madureira; Rong Wang; Tzachi Zach
A number of western states increased oil production since 2010 ...
Onshore oil production, including crude oil and lease condensate, rose more than 2 million barrels per day (bbl/d), or 64%, in the Lower 48 states from February 2010 ...
Spot Distillate & Crude Oil Prices - U.S. Energy Information ...
WTI crude oil price rose about $17 per barrel or 40 cents per gallon from its low point in mid ... New York Harbor spot heating oil had risen about 42 cents ...
Energy Benchmarking Database
Building energy benchmarking is a useful starting point for commercial building owners and operators to target energy savings opportunities. There are a number of tools and methods for benchmarking energy use. Benchmarking based on regional data can provides more relevant information for California buildings than national tools such as Energy Star. This paper discusses issues related to benchmarking commercial building energy use and the development of Cal-Arch, a building energy benchmarking database for California. Currently Cal-Arch uses existing survey data from California's Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS), a largely underutilized wealth of information collected by California's major utilities. Doe's Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) is used by a similar tool, Arch, and by a number of other benchmarking tools. Future versions of Arch/Cal-Arch will utilize additional
Satkartar Kinney; Mary Ann Piette; Satkartar Kinney; Mary Ann Piette; Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley; Satkartar Kinney; Mary Ann Piette
Outage Management Benchmarking Guideline
Benchmarking of power plant outages will help plants target performance improvements to specific elements of a plant outage program in order to improve overall availability, reliability, and safety while decreasing generation costs. EPRI's "Outage Management Benchmarking Guideline" builds on the Institute's fossil and nuclear plant experience with routine maintenance and extends that to outage maintenance processes. The guideline describes the initial steps in an outage benchmarking effort and 13 key ele...
Magma benchmark code - CECM
Below is the Magma code used to run the benchmarks in Section 5 of the paper " In-place Arithmetic for Univariate Polynomials over an Algebraic Number Field" ...
Crude oil prices peaked early in 2012 - Today in Energy - U.S ...
Crude oil prices rose during the first quarter of 2012 as concerns about possible international supply disruptions pushed up petroleum prices.
Purpose This guide describes energy efficiency metrics andEnergy Use Intensity 28 Laboratory Benchmarking Guidethe energy benchmarking approach describe in this guide can
Purpose This guide describes energy efficiency metrics andfor Reheat Energy Use Factor Cleanroom Benchmarking Guidethe energy benchmarking approach describe in this guide can
I/O Benchmarking Details
IO Benchmarking Details IO Benchmarking Details These benchmarks are simply the transfer rate for copying some files from an eliza file system to TMPDIR on a batch node. Each...
Action-Oriented Benchmarking:
Feb-2008 submitted to Energy Engineering Feb-2008 submitted to Energy Engineering Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Concepts and Tools Evan Mills, Paul Mathew & Mary Ann Piette, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Norman Bourassa & Martha Brook, California Energy Commission ABSTRACT Most energy benchmarking tools provide static feedback on how one building compares to a larger set of loosely similar buildings, without providing information at the end-use level or on what can be done to reduce consumption, cost, or emissions. In this article-Part 1 of a two-part series-we describe an "action-oriented benchmarking" approach, which extends whole-building energy benchmarking to include analysis of system and component energy use metrics and features. Action-oriented benchmarking thereby allows users to generate more meaningful
Verification and validation benchmarks.
SciTech Connect
Verification and validation (V&V) are the primary means to assess the accuracy and reliability of computational simulations. V&V methods and procedures have fundamentally improved the credibility of simulations in several high-consequence fields, such as nuclear reactor safety, underground nuclear waste storage, and nuclear weapon safety. Although the terminology is not uniform across engineering disciplines, code verification deals with assessing the reliability of the software coding, and solution verification deals with assessing the numerical accuracy of the solution to a computational model. Validation addresses the physics modeling accuracy of a computational simulation by comparing the computational results with experimental data. Code verification benchmarks and validation benchmarks have been constructed for a number of years in every field of computational simulation. However, no comprehensive guidelines have been proposed for the construction and use of V&V benchmarks. For example, the field of nuclear reactor safety has not focused on code verification benchmarks, but it has placed great emphasis on developing validation benchmarks. Many of these validation benchmarks are closely related to the operations of actual reactors at near-safety-critical conditions, as opposed to being more fundamental-physics benchmarks. This paper presents recommendations for the effective design and use of code verification benchmarks based on manufactured solutions, classical analytical solutions, and highly accurate numerical solutions. In addition, this paper presents recommendations for the design and use of validation benchmarks, highlighting the careful design of building-block experiments, the estimation of experimental measurement uncertainty for both inputs and outputs to the code, validation metrics, and the role of model calibration in validation. It is argued that the understanding of predictive capability of a computational model is built on the level of achievement in V&V activities, how closely related the V&V benchmarks are to the actual application of interest, and the quantification of uncertainties related to the application of interest.
Oberkampf, William Louis; Trucano, Timothy Guy
ESP: A system utilization benchmark
ESP: A System Utilization Benchmark Adrian T. Wong, LeonidEffective System Performance (ESP) test, which is designedEffective System Performance (ESP) benchmark, which measures
Wong, Adrian T.; Oliker, Leonid; Kramer, William T.C.; Kaltz, Teresa L.; Bailey, David H.
Microsoft Word - MaryRose.doc
Figure 1. The starboard side of the Mary Rose (about ⅓ of the hull, ~280 tons oak timbers) is since 1994 being sprayed with an aqueous solution of PEG 200. Figure 2. Sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum of Mary Rose oak core surface (0-3 mm). Standard spectra used for model fitting: 1 (solution), 1´(solid) disulfides R-SS-R (cystine with peaks at 2472.7 and 2474.4 eV); 45%; 2: Thiols R-SH (cysteine, 2473.6 eV) 23%; 3: Elemental sulfur (S 8 in xylene 2473.0 eV) 10%; 4: Sulfoxide R(SO)R´ (methionine sulfoxide, 2476.4 eV) 5%; 5: Sulfonate R-SO 3 - (methyl sulfonate, 2481.2 eV) 10%; 6: Sulfate SO 4 2- (sodium sulfate, 2482.6 eV) 7%. Sulfur in the Timbers of Henry VIII's Warship Mary Rose: Synchrotrons Illuminate Conservation Concerns Magnus Sandström
MCNP/KENO criticality benchmarks
In the past, criticality safety analyses related to the handling and storage of fissile materials were obtained from critical experiments, nuclear safety guides, and handbooks. As a result of rising costs and time delays associated with critical experiments, most experimental facilities have been closed, triggering an increased reliance on computational methods. With this reliance comes the need and requirement for redundant validation by independent criticality codes. Currently, the KENO Monte Carlo transport code is the most widely used tool for criticality safety calculations. For other transport codes, such as MCNP, to be accepted by the criticality safety community as a redundant validation tool they must be able to reproduce experimental results at least as well as KENO. The Monte Carlo neutron, photon, and electron transport code MCNP, has an extensive list of attractive features, including continuous energy cross sections, generalized 3-D geometry, time dependent transport, criticality k{sub eff} calculations, and comprehensive source and tally capabilities. It is widely used for nuclear criticality analysis, nuclear reactor shielding, oil well logging, and medical dosimetry calculations. This report specifically addresses criticality and benchmarks the KENO 25 problem test set. These sample problems constitute the KENO standard benchmark set and represent a relatively wide variety of criticality problems. The KENO Monte Carlo code was chosen because of its extensive benchmarking against analytical and experimental criticality results. Whereas the uncertainty in experimental parameters generally prohibits code validation to better than about 1% in k{sub eff}, the value of k{sub eff} for criticality is considered unacceptable if it deviates more than a few percent from measurements.
McKinney, G.W. [Los Alamos National Lab., NM (United States); Wagner, J.C. [Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States); Sisolak, J.E. [Wisconsin Univ., Madison, WI (United States)
Retail Diesel Fuel Oil Prices
Along with heating oil prices, the distillate supply squeeze has Along with heating oil prices, the distillate supply squeeze has severely impacted diesel fuel prices, especially in the Northeast. Retail diesel price data are available sooner than residential heating oil data. This graph shows that diesel prices turned the corner sometime after February 7 and are heading down. Retail diesel fuel prices nationally, along with those of most other petroleum prices, increased steadily through most of 1999. Prices jumped dramatically (by over 11 cents per gallon) in the third week of January, and rose 2 or more cents a week through February 7. The increases were much more rapid in the Northeast. From January 17 through February 7, diesel fuel prices in New England rose nearly 68 cents per gallon, or 47 percent. Prices in the Mid-Atlantic region rose about 58
Using Rose and Compass for Authentication
Many recent non-proliferation software projects include a software authentication component. In this context, 'authentication' is defined as determining that a software package performs only its intended purpose and performs that purpose correctly and reliably over many years. In addition to visual inspection by knowledgeable computer scientists, automated tools are needed to highlight suspicious code constructs both to aid the visual inspection and to guide program development. While many commercial tools are available for portions of the authentication task, they are proprietary, and have limited extensibility. An open-source, extensible tool can be customized to the unique needs of each project. ROSE is an LLNL-developed robust source-to-source analysis and optimization infrastructure currently addressing large, million-line DOE applications in C, C++, and FORTRAN. It continues to be extended to support the automated analysis of binaries (x86, ARM, and PowerPC). We continue to extend ROSE to address a number of security specific requirements and apply it to software authentication for non-proliferation projects. We will give an update on the status of our work.
White, G
Average wholesale electric power prices rose in 2010 - Today in ...
Average wholesale electric power prices rose in 2010, due to higher national natural gas prices and increased demand for electricity, particularly in the Eastern ...
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Energy Storage Test Pad - David Rose,...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Energy Storage Test Pad Date 09282012 Name David Rose The author gratefully acknowledges the support of Dr. Imre Gyuk and the Department of Energy's Office of Electricity...
Utah Roses Greenhouse Low Temperature Geothermal Facility | Open...
Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon Utah Roses Greenhouse Low Temperature Geothermal Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name...
Decommissioning Benchmarking Study Final Report | Department...
Benchmarking Study Final Report Decommissioning Benchmarking Study Final Report DOE's former Office of Environmental Restoration (EM-40) conducted a benchmarking study of its...
Introduction to the HPC Challenge Benchmark Suite
and Karl Solchenbach. Benchmark design for character-effect of computer benchmarks upon applied mathematics,Pe- titet. The LINPACK benchmark: Past, present, [11] Matteo
Machine Learning Benchmarks and Random Forest Regression
Machine Learning Benchmarks and Random Forest Regressionerror on a suite of benchmark datasets. As the basethe Machine Learning Benchmark Problems package; see http://
Segal, Mark R
Vehicle Technologies Office: Benchmarking
Benchmarking Benchmarking Research funded by the Vehicle Technologies Office produces a great deal of valuable data, but it is important to compare those research results with similar work done elsewhere in the world. Through laboratory testing, researchers can compare vehicles and components to validate models, support technical target-setting, and provide data to help guide technology development tasks. Benchmarking activities fall into two primary areas: Vehicle and component testing, in which researchers test and analyze emerging technologies obtained from sources throughout the world. The results are used to continually assess program efforts. Model validation, in which researchers use test data to validate the accuracy of vehicle and component computer models including: overall measures such as fuel economy, state-of-charge energy storage across the driving cycle, and transient component behavior, such as fuel rate and torque.
Benchmark West Texas Intermediate crude assayed
The paper gives an assay of West Texas Intermediate, one of the world's market crudes. The price of this crude, known as WTI, is followed by market analysts, investors, traders, and industry managers around the world. WTI price is used as a benchmark for pricing all other US crude oils. The 41[degree] API WTI posted prices is the price paid for the crude at the wellhead in West Texas and is the true benchmark on which other US crudes are priced. The spot price is the negotiated price for short-term trades of the crude. And the New York Mercantile Exchange, or Nymex, price is a futures price for barrels delivered at Cushing.
Rhodes, A.K.
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance April 15, 2010 EISA SECTION 432 - Benchmarking of Federal Facilities (42 U.S.C. 8253 Subsection (f), Use of Energy and Water Efficiency...
Benchmarking using basic DBMS operations
The TPC-H benchmark proved to be successful in the decision support area. Many commercial database vendors and their related hardware vendors used these benchmarks to show the superiority and competitive edge of their products. However, over time, the ...
Alain Crolotte; Ahmad Ghazal
Apples and Other Fruits of the Rose Family
Apples and Other Fruits of the Rose Family Apples and Other Fruits of the Rose Family Nature Bulletin No. 277-A October 7, 1967 Forest Preserve District of Cook County Richard B. Ogilvie, President Roland F. Eisenbeis, Supt. of Conservation APPLES AND OTHER FRUITS OF THE ROSE FAMILY Bread, meat and potatoes, with vegetables and green salads, may satisfy the inner man and keep us healthy but much of the fun of eating is provided by the rose family. The rose, itself, is the flower of chivalry and love but its relative, the apple, king of the fruits, has been cultivated since prehistoric times. The members of the Rose Family give us more pleasure than we get from any other group of plants. Apples, quinces, pears, peaches, plums, apricots, cherries, blackberries, raspberries and strawberries -- whether wild or cultivated -- are all relatives of the roses. Their fruits, raw or cooked, give us desserts, pleasant drinks, and many a between-meal delicacy. Typically, they have showy flowers with five equal petals arranged around a central cup bearing one or more fruit-forming pistils and a large number of pollen-bearing stamens. Their leaves are placed alternately on the twigs or stalks -- some of them simple leaves; some of them compound leaves divided into three, five or more leaflets like the rose itself. Some are trees, some are shrubs, and some are vining herbs.
The Telkwa, Red Rose, and Klappan Coal Measures
Potentially economic coal measures underlie the areas surrounding Telkwa River, Red Rose Creek, and Mount Klappan in northwestern British Columbia. In this report these are referred to as Telkwa, Red Rose, and Klappan coal measures. Recently. they have been attracting keen exploration interest.
Jahak Koo
California commercial building energy benchmarking
benchmarks while control companies and utilities can provide direct tracking of energy use and combine data from multiple buildings.
Kinney, Satkartar; Piette, Mary Ann
Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Using the CEUS Database to Benchmark Commercial Buildings in California
Using the CEUS Database to Benchmark Commercial Buildings infeatures allow users to "benchmark" the presence or absencefor Required Building Data Benchmark Applicable Metrics &
Hours (full cooling) Electrical Power Chain dP1 UPS Peak20 Electrical Power ChainBenchmarking Guide 6. Electrical Power Chain Metrics ID P1
This guide describes energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks that can be used to track the performance of and identify potential opportunities to reduce energy use in data centers. This guide is primarily intended for personnel who have responsibility for managing energy use in existing data centers - including facilities managers, energy managers, and their engineering consultants. Additionally, data center designers may also use the metrics and benchmarks described in this guide for goal-setting in new construction or major renovation. This guide provides the following information: (1) A step-by-step outline of the benchmarking process. (2) A set of performance metrics for the whole building as well as individual systems. For each metric, the guide provides a definition, performance benchmarks, and potential actions that can be inferred from evaluating this metric. (3) A list and descriptions of the data required for computing the metrics. This guide is complemented by spreadsheet templates for data collection and for computing the benchmarking metrics. This guide builds on prior data center benchmarking studies supported by the California Energy Commission. Much of the benchmarking data are drawn from the LBNL data center benchmarking database that was developed from these studies. Additional benchmark data were obtained from engineering experts including facility designers and energy managers. This guide also builds on recent research supported by the U.S. Department of Energy's Save Energy Now program.
Mathew, Paul; Ganguly, Srirupa; Greenberg, Steve; Sartor, Dale
Purpose This guide describes energy efficiency metrics andthe energy benchmarking approach describe in this guide candesigners and energy managers. This guide also builds on
High Country Rose Greenhouses Greenhouse Low Temperature Geothermal
Country Rose Greenhouses Greenhouse Low Temperature Geothermal Country Rose Greenhouses Greenhouse Low Temperature Geothermal Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name High Country Rose Greenhouses Greenhouse Low Temperature Geothermal Facility Facility High Country Rose Greenhouses Sector Geothermal energy Type Greenhouse Location Helena, Montana Coordinates 46.6002123°, -112.0147188° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[]}
Simon D. Rose - Research Staff - Center for Transportation Analysis
Simon Rose Simon Rose Simon Rose Simon Rose B.S., Physics (T) 865.946.1253 (M) 865.207.9982 (F) 865.946.1210 firstname.lastname@example.com Specialty Research Areas: Aviation Safety and Air Traffic Management Analysis Data, Statistical Analysis and Information Tools Logistics and Supply Chain Management Modeling and Simulation Current or Recent Work: Development of a Data Viewer Tool for 3-D Flight Track Visualization and Analysis of Multiple Aviation Data Sources for Runway Safety, Airborne/Surface Interactions, and ATM Operations. Visualization and Analysis of radar Flight Tracks for the LAX Region for Aviation Safety and Operation Analysis. Developing Requirements for an Aviation Safety Lessons Learned and Corrective Action Sharing System. Resource Location and Allocation Optimization Analysis Using GIS.
Wholesale electricity prices rose across the United States - Today ...
Average on-peak, day-ahead wholesale electricity prices rose in every region of the Lower 48 states in first-half 2013 compared to first-half 2012.
Isotopic Analysis- Fluid At Rose Valley Geothermal Area (1990) | Open
Isotopic Analysis- Fluid At Rose Valley Geothermal Area (1990) Isotopic Analysis- Fluid At Rose Valley Geothermal Area (1990) Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Exploration Activity: Isotopic Analysis- Fluid At Rose Valley Geothermal Area (1990) Exploration Activity Details Location Rose Valley Geothermal Area Exploration Technique Isotopic Analysis- Fluid Activity Date 1990 Usefulness not indicated DOE-funding Unknown Exploration Basis Determine the recharge of the area Notes Hydrogen and oxygen isotope data on waters of Coso thermal and nonthermal waters were studied. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes do not uniquely define the recharge area for the Coso geothermal system but strongly suggest Sierran recharge with perhaps some local recharge. References Whelan, J. A. (1 September 1990) Water geochemistry study of
Summer maintenance affects North Sea crude oil production and ...
North Sea Brent is an important global benchmark crude oil that is used to price many different crude oils produced around the world, such as Bonny Light from Nigeria ...
Quantum Benchmarks from minimal Resources
We investigate several recently published benchmark criteria for storage or transmission of quantum information. A comparison reveals that criteria based on a Gaussian distribution of coherent states are most resilient to noise. We then address the issue of experimental resources and derive an equally strong benchmark, solely based on three coherent states and homodyne detection. This benchmark is further simplified in the presence of naturally occurring random phases, which remove the need for active input state modulation.
Häseler, Hauke
Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark
System Performance (ESP) Benchmark It is now generally recognized in the high performance computing community that peak performance does not adequately predict the usefulness...
Sustained System Performance (SSP) Benchmark
John M. Shalf, and Erich Strohmaier Background The NERSC Approach to Procurement Benchmarks The NERSC-5 SSP The NERSC-6 SSP The Effective System Performance (ESP) Metric...
Decommissioning Benchmarking Study Final Report
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
DOE's former Office of Environmental Restoration (EM-40) conducted a benchmarking study of its decommissioning program to analyze physical activities in facility decommissioning and to determine...
FINAL REPORT Benchmarking Emerging Pipeline Inspection Technologies To Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) DE-AP26-04NT40361 and Department of...
Building energy benchmarks and rating tools | Department of Energy
Building energy benchmarks and rating tools Building energy benchmarks and rating tools Building energy benchmarks and rating tools Building energy benchmarks and rating tools More...
Pennsylvania natural gas production rose 69% in 2012 ...
Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, ... While accelerated drilling in recent years (primarily in the Marcellus Shale formation) ...
Economic feasibility of biochemical processes for the upgrading of crudes and the removal of sulfur, nitrogen, and trace metals from crude oil -- Benchmark cost establishment of biochemical processes on the basis of conventional downstream technologies. Final report FY95
During the past several years, a considerable amount of work has been carried out showing that microbially enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is promising and the resulting biotechnology may be deliverable. At Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), systematic studies have been conducted which dealt with the effects of thermophilic and thermoadapted bacteria on the chemical and physical properties of selected types of crude oils at elevated temperatures and pressures. Current studies indicate that during the biotreatment several chemical and physical properties of crude oils are affected. The oils are (1) emulsified; (2) acidified; (3) there is a qualitative and quantitative change in light and heavy fractions of the crudes; (4) there are chemical changes in fractions containing sulfur compounds; (5) there is an apparent reduction in the concentration of trace metals; and (6) the qualitative and quantitative changes appear to be microbial species dependent; and (7) there is a distinction between biodegraded and biotreated oils. The downstream biotechnological crude oil processing research performed thus far is of laboratory scale and has focused on demonstrating the technical feasibility of downstream processing with different types of biocatalysts under a variety of processing conditions. Quantitative economic analysis is the topic of the present project which investigates the economic feasibility of the various biochemical downstream processes which hold promise in upgrading of heavy crudes, such as those found in California, e.g., Monterey-type, Midway Sunset, Honda crudes, and others.
Premuzic, E.T.
Cleanroom Energy Efficiency: Metrics and Benchmarks
The key metrics and benchmarks to evaluate the efficiency ofEfficiency: Metrics and Benchmarks Paul A. Mathew, WilliamEfficiency: Metrics and Benchmarks Paul A. Mathew, Ph.D,
Mathew, Paul A.
Quantum benchmarks for Gaussian states
Teleportation and storage of continuous variable states of light and atoms are essential building blocks for the realization of large scale quantum networks. Rigorous validation of these implementations require identifying, and surpassing, benchmarks set by the most effective strategies attainable without the use of quantum resources. Such benchmarks have been established for special families of input states, like coherent states and particular subclasses of squeezed states. Here we solve the longstanding problem of defining quantum benchmarks for general pure Gaussian states with arbitrary phase, displacement, and squeezing, randomly sampled according to a realistic prior distribution. As a special case, we show that the fidelity benchmark for teleporting squeezed states with totally random phase and squeezing degree is 1/2, equal to the corresponding one for coherent states. We discuss the use of entangled resources to beat the benchmarks in experiments.
Chiribella, Giulio
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance April 15, 2010 EISA SECTION 432 - Benchmarking of Federal Facilities (42 U.S.C. 8253 Subsection (f), Use of Energy and Water Efficiency Measures in Federal Buildings) I. Background A. Authority - Benchmarking Requirements Section 432 of the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) requires the Secretary of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) to select or develop a building energy use benchmarking system and to issue guidance for use of the system. EISA requires the designated agency energy managers to enter energy use data for each metered building that is (or is a part of) a covered facility into a building energy use benchmarking system, such as the ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager tool (Portfolio Manager) (see 42 U.S.C. 8253(f)(8)(A), as
Benchmarking foreign electronics technologies
This report has been drafted in response to a request from the Japanese Technology Evaluation Center`s (JTEC) Panel on Benchmarking Select Technologies. Since April 1991, the Competitive Semiconductor Manufacturing (CSM) Program at the University of California at Berkeley has been engaged in a detailed study of quality, productivity, and competitiveness in semiconductor manufacturing worldwide. The program is a joint activity of the College of Engineering, the Haas School of Business, and the Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy, under sponsorship of the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and with the cooperation of semiconductor producers from Asia, Europe and the United States. Professors David A. Hodges and Robert C. Leachman are the project`s Co-Directors. The present report for JTEC is primarily based on data and analysis drawn from that continuing program. The CSM program is being conducted by faculty, graduate students and research staff from UC Berkeley`s Schools of Engineering and Business, and Department of Economics. Many of the participating firms are represented on the program`s Industry Advisory Board. The Board played an important role in defining the research agenda. A pilot study was conducted in 1991 with the cooperation of three semiconductor plants. The research plan and survey documents were thereby refined. The main phase of the CSM benchmarking study began in mid-1992 and will continue at least through 1997. reports are presented on the manufacture of integrated circuits; data storage; wireless technology; human-machine interfaces; and optoelectronics. Selected papers are indexed separately for inclusion in the Energy Science and Technology Database.
Bostian, C.W.; Hodges, D.A.; Leachman, R.C.; Sheridan, T.B.; Tsang, W.T.; White, R.M.
Action-Oriented Benchmarking: Concepts and Tools
simulation (for design) or energy audits (for retrofit), asconventional benchmarking and energy audits. Whole BuildingBenchmarking Investment-Grade Energy Audit Screen facilities
Mills, Evan; California Energy Commission
factor for fuel oil (BTU/ BTU) SFo: Source factor for otherOil Other fuels District Chilled water District hot water District steam Source
The REDD Opportunities Scoping Exercise (ROSE) | Open Energy Information
REDD Opportunities Scoping Exercise (ROSE) REDD Opportunities Scoping Exercise (ROSE) Jump to: navigation, search Name The REDD Opportunities Scoping Exercise (ROSE): A Tool for Prioritizing Sub-National REDD+ Activities - Case Studies from Ghana, Tanzania, and Uganda Agency/Company /Organization The Katoomba Group, Forest Trends, Nature Conservation Research Centre Sector Land Focus Area Forestry Topics Implementation, Policies/deployment programs, Pathways analysis, Background analysis Resource Type Guide/manual Website http://www.forest-trends.org/d Country Ghana, Tanzania, Uganda UN Region "Sub-Saharan Africa" is not in the list of possible values (Eastern Africa, Middle Africa, Northern Africa, Southern Africa, Western Africa, Caribbean, Central America, South America, Northern America, Central Asia, Eastern Asia, Southern Asia, South-Eastern Asia, Western Asia, Eastern Europe, Northern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Australia and New Zealand, Melanesia, Micronesia, Polynesia, Latin America and the Caribbean) for this property.
A.J. Rose Manufacturing Company | Open Energy Information
A.J. Rose Manufacturing Company A.J. Rose Manufacturing Company Jump to: navigation, search Name A.J. Rose Manufacturing Company Address 38000 Chester Road Place Avon, OH Zip 44011 Sector Renewable Energy Product Manufacturing Phone number 440-934-2859 Website http://www.ajrose.com Coordinates 41.468414°, -82.046652° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.468414,"lon":-82.046652,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Energy Tips: Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation
Type (sales unit) Type (sales unit) Energy Content Combustion (Btu/sales unit) Efficiency (%) Natural Gas (therm) 100,000 81.7 Natural Gas (cubic foot) 1,030 81.7 Distillate/No. 2 Oil (gallon) 138,700 84.6 Residual/No. 6 Oil (gallon) 149,700 86.1 Coal (ton) 27,000,000 87.6 Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation Benchmarking the fuel cost of steam generation ($/1000 lbs of steam) is an effective way to assess the efficiency of your steam system. This cost is dependent upon fuel type, unit fuel cost, boiler efficiency, feedwater temperature, and steam pressure. This calculation provides a good first approximation for the cost of generating steam and serves as a tracking device to allow for boiler performance monitoring. Table 1 shows the heat input required to produce one pound of saturated
Precise Regression Benchmarking with Random Effects: Improving Mono Benchmark Results
Benchmarking as a method of assessing software performance is known to su#er from random fluctuations that distort the observed performance. In this paper, we focus on the fluctuations caused by compilation.
Tomas Kalibera; Petr Tuma
Building Site Energy Intensity (BTU/sf-yr). A Performance Benchmarkand benchmarks that can be used to track the performance of and identify potential opportunities to reduce energy use in laboratory buildings.
Phase-Covariant Quantum Benchmarks
We give a quantum benchmark for teleportation and quantum storage experiments suited for pure and mixed test states. The benchmark is based on the average fidelity over a family of phase-covariant states and certifies that an experiment can not be emulated by a classical setup, i.e., by a measure-and-prepare scheme. We give an analytical solution for qubits, which shows important differences with standard state estimation approach, and compute the value of the benchmark for coherent and squeezed states, both pure and mixed.
Calsamiglia, J; Muńoz-Tŕpia, R; Bagán, E
J. Calsamiglia; M. Aspachs; R. Munoz-Tapia; E. Bagan
Building energy benchmarking is the comparison of whole-building energy use relative to a set of similar buildings. It provides a useful starting point for individual energy audits and for targeting buildings for energy-saving measures in multiple-site audits. Benchmarking is of interest and practical use to a number of groups. Energy service companies and performance contractors communicate energy savings potential with ''typical'' and ''best-practice'' benchmarks while control companies and utilities can provide direct tracking of energy use and combine data from multiple buildings. Benchmarking is also useful in the design stage of a new building or retrofit to determine if a design is relatively efficient. Energy managers and building owners have an ongoing interest in comparing energy performance to others. Large corporations, schools, and government agencies with numerous facilities also use benchmarking methods to compare their buildings to each other. The primary goal of Task 2.1.1 Web-based Benchmarking was the development of a web-based benchmarking tool, dubbed Cal-Arch, for benchmarking energy use in California commercial buildings. While there were several other benchmarking tools available to California consumers prior to the development of Cal-Arch, there were none that were based solely on California data. Most available benchmarking information, including the Energy Star performance rating, were developed using DOE's Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS), which does not provide state-level data. Each database and tool has advantages as well as limitations, such as the number of buildings and the coverage by type, climate regions and end uses. There is considerable commercial interest in benchmarking because it provides an inexpensive method of screening buildings for tune-ups and retrofits. However, private companies who collect and manage consumption data are concerned that the identities of building owners might be revealed and hence are reluctant to share their data. The California Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS), the primary source of data for Cal-Arch, is a unique source of information on commercial buildings in California. It has not been made public; however, it was made available by CEC to LBNL for the purpose of developing a public benchmarking tool.
Along with heating oil prices, the distillate supply squeeze has Along with heating oil prices, the distillate supply squeeze has severely impacted diesel fuel prices, especially in the Northeast. Diesel fuel is bascially the same product as home heating oil. The primary difference is that diesel has a lower sulfur content. When heating oil is in short supply, low sulfur diesel fuel can be diverted to heating oil supply. Thus, diesel fuel prices rise with heating heating oil prices. Retail diesel fuel prices nationally, along with those of most other petroleum prices, increased steadily through most of 1999. But prices in the Northeast jumped dramatically in the third week of January. Diesel fuel prices in New England rose nearly 68 cents per gallon, or 47 percent, between January 17 and February 7. While EIA does not have
ESP: a system utilization benchmark
This article describes a new benchmark, called the Effective System Performance (ESP) test, which is designed to measure system-level performance, including such factors as job scheduling efficiency, handling of large jobs and shutdown-reboot times. ...
Adrian T. Wong; Leonid Oliker; William T. C. Kramer; Teresa L. Kaltz; David H. Bailey
Sustained System Sustained System Performance (SSP) Benchmark Sustained System Performance (SSP) Benchmark William T.C. Kramer, John M. Shalf, and Erich Strohmaier Background The NERSC Approach to Procurement Benchmarks The NERSC-5 SSP The NERSC-6 SSP The Effective System Performance (ESP) Metric Conclusion Notes Formal description of SSP A formal description of the SSP, including detailed formulae, is now available. This is a portion of the soon-to-be-published Ph.D. dissertation, Kramer, W.T.C., 2008, "PERCU: A Holistic Method for Evaluating High End Computing Systems," Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley. Background Most plans and reports recently discuss only one of four distinct purposes benchmarks are used. The obvious purpose is selection of a system from
Canada Week: Canada is the leading supplier of crude oil to the ...
U.S. imports of Canadian crude oil rose to record levels during the first eight months of 2012, with Canada accounting for a growing share of total gross U.S. imports.
Benchmarks for GADRAS performance validation.
The performance of the Gamma Detector Response and Analysis Software (GADRAS) was validated by comparing GADRAS model results to experimental measurements for a series of benchmark sources. Sources for the benchmark include a plutonium metal sphere, bare and shielded in polyethylene, plutonium oxide in cans, a highly enriched uranium sphere, bare and shielded in polyethylene, a depleted uranium shell and spheres, and a natural uranium sphere. The benchmark experimental data were previously acquired and consist of careful collection of background and calibration source spectra along with the source spectra. The calibration data were fit with GADRAS to determine response functions for the detector in each experiment. A one-dimensional model (pie chart) was constructed for each source based on the dimensions of the benchmark source. The GADRAS code made a forward calculation from each model to predict the radiation spectrum for the detector used in the benchmark experiment. The comparisons between the GADRAS calculation and the experimental measurements are excellent, validating that GADRAS can correctly predict the radiation spectra for these well-defined benchmark sources.
Mattingly, John K.; Mitchell, Dean James; Rhykerd, Charles L., Jr.
Depletion Reactivity Benchmark for the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments
The Electric Power Research Institute– (EPRI-) sponsored depletion reactivity benchmarks documented in reports 1022909, Benchmarks for Quantifying Fuel Reactivity Depletion Uncertainty, and 1025203, Utilization of the EPRI Depletion Benchmarks for Burnup Credit Validation, have been translated to an evaluated benchmark for incorporation in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhE), published by the Organisation for Economic ...
The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose...
The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose this week The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose slightly to 3.90 a gallon on Monday. That's...
Advanced benchmarking for complex building types: laboratories as an exemplar.
Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency inmetrics. However, benchmarks generated from simulations areetc. Whole-building benchmarks are limited in their
Mathew, Paul; Clear, Robert; Kircher, Kevin; Webster, Tom; Lee, Kwang Ho; Hoyt, Tyler
Advanced Benchmarking for Complex Building Types: Laboratories as an Exemplar
Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency inmodel to generate a benchmark energy intensity normalizedlimited efforts thus far to benchmark laboratory facilities
Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiency in Laboratories
Report 4-10-08 Metrics and Benchmarks for Energy Efficiencybenchmarking database. The benchmarks for standard, good andefficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, which
Mathew, Paul; Rumsey Engineers
Effective System Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark Effective System Performance (ESP) Benchmark It is now generally recognized in the high performance computing community that peak performance does not adequately predict the usefulness of a system for a given set of applications. One of the first benchmarks designed to measure system performance in a real-world operational environment was NERSC's Effective System Performance (ESP) test. NERSC introduced ESP in 1999 with the hope that this test would be of use to system managers and would help to spur the community (both researchers and vendors) to improve system efficiency. The discussion below uses examples from the Cray T3E system that NERSC was operating in 1999. Improved MPP System Efficiency Equals Million-Dollar Savings
MHK Projects/St Rose Bend | Open Energy Information
Rose Bend Rose Bend < MHK Projects Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":5,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"500px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"File:Aquamarine-marker.png","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":29.9309,"lon":-90.3433,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"http:\/\/prod-http-80-800498448.us-east-1.elb.amazonaws.com\/w\/images\/7\/74\/Aquamarine-marker.png","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Prairie Rose, North Dakota: Energy Resources | Open Energy Information
Rose, North Dakota: Energy Resources Rose, North Dakota: Energy Resources Jump to: navigation, search Equivalent URI DBpedia Coordinates 46.8174651°, -96.8356389° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":46.8174651,"lon":-96.8356389,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Benchmarking Energy Use in Schools
Local governments across the United States spent approximately $5 billion, an average of $100 million per state, on energy for their public schools in 1992. This represents a tremendous drain on education dollars of which part (captured through building system and operational efficiency improvements) could be directed toward more important educational needs. States and local governments know there are sizeable opportunities, but are challenged by how and where to start. IdentifLing the worst energy performers, with the most potential, easily and at low cost is a key in motivating local governments into action. Energy benchmarking is an excellent tool for this purpose. The 1992 US Energy Information Administration's Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) database is investigated as a source for energy benchmarks for local-government-owned schools. Average energy use values derived from CBECS are shown to be poor energy benchmarks. Simple distributions of building energy use values derived from CBECS, however, are shown to be reliable energy benchmarks for local schools. These can be used to gauge the energy performance of your local public school. Using a stepwise, linear-regression analysis, the primary determinants of electric use in local schools were found to be gross floor area, year of construction, use of walk-in coolers, electric cooling, non-electric energy use, roof construction, and HVAC operational responsibility. The determinants vary depending on the school's location. While benchmarking based on simple distributions is a good method, an improved benchmarking method which can account for these additional drivers of energy use is detailed.
Terv R. Sharp; Oak Ridge; National Laboratoy
Radiation Detection Computational Benchmark Scenarios
Modeling forms an important component of radiation detection development, allowing for testing of new detector designs, evaluation of existing equipment against a wide variety of potential threat sources, and assessing operation performance of radiation detection systems. This can, however, result in large and complex scenarios which are time consuming to model. A variety of approaches to radiation transport modeling exist with complementary strengths and weaknesses for different problems. This variety of approaches, and the development of promising new tools (such as ORNL's ADVANTG) which combine benefits of multiple approaches, illustrates the need for a means of evaluating or comparing different techniques for radiation detection problems. This report presents a set of 9 benchmark problems for comparing different types of radiation transport calculations, identifying appropriate tools for classes of problems, and testing and guiding the development of new methods. The benchmarks were drawn primarily from existing or previous calculations with a preference for scenarios which include experimental data, or otherwise have results with a high level of confidence, are non-sensitive, and represent problem sets of interest to NA-22. From a technical perspective, the benchmarks were chosen to span a range of difficulty and to include gamma transport, neutron transport, or both and represent different important physical processes and a range of sensitivity to angular or energy fidelity. Following benchmark identification, existing information about geometry, measurements, and previous calculations were assembled. Monte Carlo results (MCNP decks) were reviewed or created and re-run in order to attain accurate computational times and to verify agreement with experimental data, when present. Benchmark information was then conveyed to ORNL in order to guide testing and development of hybrid calculations. The results of those ADVANTG calculations were then sent to PNNL for compilation. This is a report describing the details of the selected Benchmarks and results from various transport codes.
Shaver, Mark W.; Casella, Andrew M.; Wittman, Richard S.; McDonald, Ben S.
Outlook for Industrial Energy Benchmarking
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is exploring options to sponsor an industrial energy efficiency benchmarking study to identify facility specific, cost-effective best practices and technologies. Such a study could help develop a common understanding of opportunities for energy efficiency improvements and provide additional information to improve the competitiveness of U.S. industry. The EPA's initial benchmarking efforts will focus on industrial power facilities. The key industries of interest include the most energy intensive industries, such as chemical, pulp and paper, and iron and steel manufacturing.
Hartley, Z.
Computational evaluation of two reactor benchmark problems
A neutronic evaluation of two reactor benchmark problems was performed. The benchmark problems describe typical PWR uranium and plutonium (mixed oxide) fueled lattices. WIMSd4m, a neutron transport lattice code, was used to evaluate multigroup macroscopic cross sections for various pincell models in each benchmark problem. DEF3D, a multigroup multidimensional diffusion code, was used to evaluate the uranium-fueled lattice benchmark problem of the American Nuclear Society. TWODANT, a multigroup, two-dimensional transport code, was used to evaluate the mixed oxide lattice benchmark problem from the Nuclear Energy Agency. Both benchmark problems yielded results consistent with preliminary results submitted by other participants in the benchmarking exercises. Some suggestions are made to improve future benchmark evaluations.
Cowan, James Anthony
DataTrends Benchmarking and Energy Savings
Benchmarking and Energy Savings Do buildings that consistently benchmark energy performance save energy? The answer is yes, based on the large number of buildings using the U.S....
COSBench: cloud object storage benchmark
With object storage systems being increasingly recognized as a preferred way to expose one's storage infrastructure to the web, the past few years have witnessed an explosion in the acceptance of these systems. Unfortunately, the proliferation of available ... Keywords: benchmark tool, object storage
Qing Zheng; Haopeng Chen; Yaguang Wang; Jian Zhang; Jiangang Duan
Aluchemie Back to Benchmark - Programmaster.org
Meeting, 2010 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium, Electrode Technology for Aluminum Production. Presentation Title, Aluchemie Back to Benchmark.
Testing (Validating?) Cross Sections with ICSBEP Benchmarks
We discuss how to use critical benchmarks from the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments to determine the applicability of specific cross sections to the end-user's problem of interest. Particular attention is paid to making sure the selected suite of benchmarks includes the user's range of applicability (ROA).
Kahler, Albert C. III [Los Alamos National Laboratory
benchmark against which energy use for a given building canbuilding systems and resulting energy use. The Labs21 Benchmark
Including the Human Factor in Dependability Benchmarks
We describe the construction of a dependability benchmark that captures the impact of the human system operator on the tested system. Our benchmark follows the usual model of injecting faults and perturbations into the tested system; however, our perturbations are generated by the unscripted actions of actual human operators participating in the benchmark procedure in addition to more traditional fault injection. We introduce the issues that arise as we attempt to incorporate human behavior into a dependability benchmark and describe the possible solutions that we have arrived at through preliminary experimentation. Finally, we describe the implementation of our techniques in a dependability benchmark that we are currently developing
Aaron B. Brown; Leonard C. Chung; David A. Patterson
Rose germplasm identification and analysis with RAPD markers
The genus Rosa consists of more than 100 species distributed widely throughout the northern hemisphere. It has been classified into four subgenera, Eurosa, Platyrhodon, Hesperhodos and Hulthemia. The subgenus Eurosa includes 11 sections. The other subgenera are monotypic. One hundred and thirty six accessions of thirty-seven rose species which include 8 sections of the subgenus Eurosa and one species each from the subgenera Hesperhodos and Platyrhodon, were analyzed using 270 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers with 10 primers. One hundred and nineteen accessions and 213 markers were used to calculate a similarity matrix which was clustered with the unweighted pair group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA). This data set, and original data set of 136 accessions and 270 markers, were also analyzed using the parsimony method for phylogenetic analysis. The RAPD markers distinguished between all the rose accessions and species grouped into their respective sections, except for Rosa cymosa. Therefore, classification of Rosa using RAPD data generally supports the traditional classifications. The Asian rose sections (Laevigatae, Banksianae, Bractealae, Pimpinellifoliae, Chinenses and Synstylae) were consistently separated from the North American sections (Cassiorhodon and Carolinae). The relationships among these Asian sections varies somewhat between phenetics and cladistic analysis. Two North American sections (Cassiorhodon and Carolinae) were consistently grouped together with the two subgenera, Hesperhodos and Platyrhodon. The two subgenera separated out at the same level as the sections within the subgenus Eurosa, indicating that they are more appropriately classified as sections within the subgenus Eurosa. The sections Cassiorhodon and Carolinae overlapped and are probably best grouped as one section as previously suggested. Rosa cymosa, traditionally classified into the section Banksianae, was more closely grouped with R. multij7ora of the section Synstylae in the RAPD dendrogram and one of the two cladograms.
Jan, Chih-Hui
Leverage vs. Feedback: Which Effect Drives the Oil Market? Sofiane Aboura
on the WTI crude oil spot price. An increase in the volatility subsequent to an increase in the oil price (i- and fund-managers. Keywords: WTI, Crude Oil Price, Implied Volatility, Leverage Effect, Feedback Effect. JEL Codes: C4, G1, Q4. 1 Introduction The rise of the US benchmark oil West Texas Intermediate (WTI
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Benchmarking Emerging Pipeline Inspection Technologies To Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) DE-AP26-04NT40361 and Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) DTRS56-02-T-0002 (Milestone 7) September 2004 Final Report on Benchmarking Emerging Pipeline Inspection Technologies Cofunded by Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) DE-AP26-04NT40361 and Department of Transportation Research and Special Programs Administration (RSPA) DTRS56-02-T-0002 (Milestone 7) by Stephanie A. Flamberg and Robert C. Gertler September 2004 BATTELLE 505 King Avenue Columbus, Ohio 43201-2693 Neither Battelle, nor any person acting on their behalf: (1) Makes any warranty or representation, expressed or implied, with respect to the
Geothermal Heat Pump Benchmarking Report
A benchmarking study was conducted on behalf of the Department of Energy to determine the critical factors in successful utility geothermal heat pump programs. A Successful program is one that has achieved significant market penetration. Successfully marketing geothermal heat pumps has presented some major challenges to the utility industry. However, select utilities have developed programs that generate significant GHP sales. This benchmarking study concludes that there are three factors critical to the success of utility GHP marking programs: (1) Top management marketing commitment; (2) An understanding of the fundamentals of marketing and business development; and (3) An aggressive competitive posture. To generate significant GHP sales, competitive market forces must by used. However, because utilities have functioned only in a regulated arena, these companies and their leaders are unschooled in competitive business practices. Therefore, a lack of experience coupled with an intrinsically non-competitive culture yields an industry environment that impedes the generation of significant GHP sales in many, but not all, utilities.
Restaurant Energy Use Benchmarking Guideline
A significant operational challenge for food service operators is defining energy use benchmark metrics to compare against the performance of individual stores. Without metrics, multiunit operators and managers have difficulty identifying which stores in their portfolios require extra attention to bring their energy performance in line with expectations. This report presents a method whereby multiunit operators may use their own utility data to create suitable metrics for evaluating their operations.
Hedrick, R.; Smith, V.; Field, K.
Benchmark precision and random initial state
The applications of software benchmarks place an obvious demand on the precision of the benchmark results. An intuitive and frequently employed approach to obtaining precise enough benchmark results is having the benchmark collect a large number of samples that are simply averaged or otherwise statistically processed. We show that this approach ignores an inherent and unavoidable nondeterminism in the initial state of the system that is evaluated, often leading to an implausible estimate of result precision. We proceed by outlining the sources of nondeterminism in a typical system, illustrating the impact of the nondeterminism on selected classes of benchmarks. Finally, we suggest a method for quantitatively assessing the influence of nondeterminism on a benchmark, as well as approach that provides a plausible estimate of result precision in face of the nondeterminism.
Tomas Kalibera; Lubomir Bulej; Petr Tuma
Factors Causing Unexpected Variations in Ada Benchmarks
Benchmarks are often used to describe the performance of computer systems. This report considers factors that may cause Ada benchmarks to produce inaccurate results. Included are examples from the ongoing benchmarking efforts of the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project using bare target computers with several Ada compilers. 1. Introduction One of the goals of the Ada Embedded Systems Testbed (AEST) Project is to assess the readiness of the Ada programming language and Ada tools for developing embedded systems. The benchmarking and instrumentation subgroup within the AEST Project is running various suites of Ada benchmarks to obtain data on the real-time performance of Ada on a number of different target systems. The purpose of this report is to categorize the factors which cause anomalous results to be produced by the benchmarks. Some of these factors have been observed, while others are more speculative in nature. All these factors should be understood if accurate, comparable,...
Neal Altman; Neal Altman
Profile for Selected PCBs, ATSDRTP-8821, U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, D.C. Boese, B. L., H. Lee II, D. T. Specht, R. C. Randall, and M. H. Winsor 1990....
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent ...
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems Book. 2009, XIX, 338 p., Hardcover ISBN: 978-1-4419-0491-1 ... About this book: ...
Optimization Online - Benchmark of Some Nonsmooth Optimization ...
Mar 1, 2006 ... Benchmark of Some Nonsmooth Optimization Solvers for Computing Nonconvex Proximal Points. Warren Hare (whare ***at*** cecm.sfu.ca)
Benchmarking optimization software with performance profiles
Mar 15, 2001 ... Abstract: We propose performance profiles -- probability distribution functions for a performance metric -- as a tool for benchmarking and ...
2000 TMS Annual Meeting Exhibitor: BENCHMARK STRUCTURAL
Benchmark Structural Ceramics Corp., has substituted the use of sintered silicon nitride and sialon parts utilized in molten aluminum handling and service with ...
Quantum benchmarking with realistic states of light
The goal of quantum benchmarking is to certify that imperfect quantum communication devices (e.g., quantum channels, quantum memories, quantum key distribution systems) can still be used for meaningful quantum communication. However, the test states used in quantum benchmarking experiments may be imperfect as well. Many quantum benchmarks are only valid for states which match some ideal form, such as pure states or Gaussian states. We outline how to perform quantum benchmarking using arbitrary states of light. These results are used to certify a continuous variable quantum memory by showing that it has the ability to preserve entanglement.
Killoran, Nathan; Buchler, Ben C; Lam, Ping Koy; Lütkenhaus, Norbert
Method and system for benchmarking computers
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A testing system and method for benchmarking computer systems. The system includes a store containing a scalable set of tasks to be performed to produce a solution in ever-increasing degrees of resolution as a larger number of the tasks are performed. A timing and control module allots to each computer a fixed benchmarking interval in which to perform the stored tasks. Means are provided for determining, after completion of the benchmarking interval, the degree of progress through the scalable set of tasks and for producing a benchmarking rating relating to the degree of progress for each computer.
Gustafson, John L. (Ames, IA)
Measure, track, and benchmark | ENERGY STAR
tracking and benchmarking of energy across all operations are your most powerful energy waste reduction tools. Reducing energy waste requires that all forms of energy be...
Measurement Technology for Benchmark Spray Combustion ...
Benchmark Spray Combustion Database. ... A1, uncertainty budget for the fuel flow rate. A2, uncertainty budget for the combustion air flow rate. ...
ILAMB Goals What is a Benchmark? ILAMB Meeting International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMB) Project
Develop benchmarks for land model performance, with a focus on carbon cycle, ecosystem, surface energy, and hydrological processes. The benchmarks should be designed and accepted by the community. Apply the benchmarks to global models. Support the design and development of a new, open-source, benchmarking software system for either diagnostic or model intercomparison purposes. Strengthen linkages between experimental, monitoring, remote sensing, and climate modeling communities in the design of new model tests and new measurement programs.
Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R; Forrest M. Hoffman; James T. R
Annual Energy Outlook 2012 (EIA)
The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose this week The U.S. average retail price for on-highway diesel fuel rose to 3.93 a gallon on Monday. That's up 2 ...
MARD-A moving average rose diagram application for the geosciences
MARD 1.0 is a computer program for generating smoothed rose diagrams by using a moving average, which is designed for use across the wide range of disciplines encompassed within the Earth Sciences. Available in MATLAB^(R), Microsoft^(R) Excel and GNU ... Keywords: Circular statistics, MATLAB®, Microsoft® Excel, Moving average, Rose diagram, Vector mean
Mark A. Munro; Thomas G. Blenkinsop
Randomized Benchmarking of Quantum Gates
A key requirement for scalable quantum computing is that elementary quantum gates can be implemented with sufficiently low error. One method for determining the error behavior of a gate implementation is to perform process tomography. However, standard process tomography is limited by errors in state preparation, measurement and one-qubit gates. It suffers from inefficient scaling with number of qubits and does not detect adverse error-compounding when gates are composed in long sequences. An additional problem is due to the fact that desirable error probabilities for scalable quantum computing are of the order of 0.0001 or lower. Experimentally proving such low errors is challenging. We describe a randomized benchmarking method that yields estimates of the computationally relevant errors without relying on accurate state preparation and measurement. Since it involves long sequences of randomly chosen gates, it also verifies that error behavior is stable when used in long computations. We implemented randomized benchmarking on trapped atomic ion qubits, establishing a one-qubit error probability per randomized pi/2 pulse of 0.00482(17) in a particular experiment. We expect this error probability to be readily improved with straightforward technical modifications.
E. Knill; D. Leibfried; R. Reichle; J. Britton; R. B. Blakestad; J. D. Jost; C. Langer; R. Ozeri; S. Seidelin; D. J. Wineland
Argonne CNM News: Volker Rose Receives 2012 DOE Early Career Research
Volker Rose Receives 2012 DOE Early Career Research Program Award Volker Rose Receives 2012 DOE Early Career Research Program Award Volker Rose Volker Rose with the prototype high-resolution microscope at the APS/CNM nanoprobe beamline on APS Sector 26. Volker Rose, assistant physicist with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science's Advanced Photon Source X-Ray Science Division (XSD) and the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory, is one of four Argonne researchers who have received 2012 Early Career Research Program awards, granted by DOE to exceptional researchers beginning their careers. "Argonne is extremely proud that four of our young researchers have been chosen for this important award," said Eric D. Isaacs, Argonne Director. "These young scientists and engineers will play a vital role in our nation's future, helping to assure that invention and innovation continue to fuel America's global competitiveness in the years to come."
North American spot crude oil benchmarks likely diverging due to ...
Wind › Geothermal › ... In particular, the Argus Sour Crude Price Index (ASCI), a weighted average of prices for several offshore Gulf of Mexico sour crude grades
Crude Oil
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) Indexed Site
Barrels) Product: Crude Oil Liquefied Petroleum Gases Distillate Fuel Oil Residual Fuel Oil Still Gas Petroleum Coke Marketable Petroleum Coke Catalyst Petroleum Coke Other...
OIL PRODUCTION Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) is a term applied to methods used for recovering oil from a petroleum reservoir beyond that recoverable by primary and secondary methods....
U.S. Residential Heating Oil Prices
5 5 Notes: One of the first places where consumers are feeling the impact of this winterÂ's market pressures is in home heating oil prices. This chart shows prices for the last four winters, with this yearÂ's prices shown through January 24, the most recent EIA data available. The general level of heating oil prices each year is largely a function of crude oil prices, and the price range over the course of the heating season is typically about 10 cents per gallon. Exceptions occur in unusual circumstances, such as very cold weather, large changes in crude oil prices, or supply problems. Although heating oil prices for consumers started this winter at similar levels to those in 1997, they already rose nearly 20 cents per gallon through mid-January. With the continuing upward pressure from crude
5 5 Notes: Retail distillate prices follow the spot distillate markets, and crude oil prices have been the main driver behind distillate spot price increases until recently. Crude oil rose about 36 cents per gallon from its low point in mid February 1999 to the middle of January 2000. Over this same time period, New York Harbor spot heating oil had risen about 42 cents per gallon, reflecting both the crude price rise and a return to a more usual seasonal spread over the price of crude oil. The week ending January 21, heating oil spot prices in the Northeast spiked dramatically to record levels, closing on Friday at $1.26 per gallon -- up 50 cents from the prior week. Gulf Coast prices were not spiking, but were probably pulled slightly higher as the New York Harbor market began to
2004 pro- vide an additional benchmark. F O R T H E Table 3.Performance Metrics & Benchmarks Notes A performance MetricBTU/sf-yr). A performance Benchmark is a particular value of
Memory-intensive benchmarks: IRAM vs. cache-based machines
the Stressmarks of the DIS Benchmark Project, v 1.0, TitanB. R. Gaeke, "GUPS Benchmark Manual," Univ. of California,be indispensable to re-run our benchmarks on the real VIRAM
energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, at the whole buildingBuilding Site Energy BTU/sf-yr). A performance Benchmark isBenchmarks Good Practice ID Building B1 Name Unit Building Site Energy
Development of a Computer-based Benchmarking and Analytical Tool...
a Computer-based Benchmarking and Analytical Tool: Benchmarking and Energy & Water Savings Tool in Dairy Plants (BEST-Dairy) Title Development of a Computer-based Benchmarking and...
Eagle Ford oil and natural gas well starts rose sharply in first ...
New well starts in the Eagle Ford region in Texas increased 110% from January through March 2012 compared to the same period in 2011, according to reporting and ...
ASHRAE Cleanroom Benchmarking Paper - REVISED
8E 8E Cleanroom Energy Efficiency: Metrics and Benchmarking Paul Mathew, William Tschudi, Dale Sartor Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory James Beasley International SEMATECH Manufacturing Initiative October 2010 Published in ASHRAE Journal, v. 53, issue 10 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe
Benchmarking ICRF simulations for ITER
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Abstract Benchmarking of full-wave solvers for ICRF simulations is performed using plasma profiles and equilibria obtained from integrated self-consistent modeling predictions of four ITER plasmas. One is for a high performance baseline (5.3 T, 15 MA) DT H-mode plasma. The others are for half-field, half-current plasmas of interest for the pre-activation phase with bulk plasma ion species being either hydrogen or He4. The predicted profiles are used by seven groups to predict the ICRF electromagnetic fields and heating profiles. Approximate agreement is achieved for the predicted heating power partitions for the DT and He4 cases. Profiles of the heating powers and electromagnetic fields are compared.
R. V. Budny, L. Berry, R. Bilato, P. Bonoli, M. Brambilla, R.J. Dumont, A. Fukuyama, R. Harvey, E.F. Jaeger, E. Lerche, C.K. Phillips, V. Vdovin, J. Wright, and members of the ITPA-IOS
An Independent Benchmarking of SDP and SOCP Solvers
The codes were run on a standard platform and on all the benchmark ... tabulated and commented benchmarking results this provides an overview of the state of ...
Fairer Benchmarking of Optimization Algorithms via Derivative Free ...
Oct 13, 2010 ... Some benchmarking is done as a proof-of-concept, ... amine an issue that arise during benchmarking and discuss a technique that can help ...
On-chip Benchmarking and Calibration without External References
the target component. A benchmark value is calculated based11 3.4 Calibration using Benchmarkthe target component. A benchmark value is calculated based
Lee, Cheol-Woong
Building Energy Benchmarking between the United States and China...
Energy Benchmarking between the United States and China: Methods and Challenges Title Building Energy Benchmarking between the United States and China: Methods and Challenges...
Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Benchmarking the Energy Intensity...
Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Benchmarking the Energy Intensity for the Textile Industry Title Energy-Efficiency Technologies and Benchmarking the Energy Intensity for the...
Total OECD Oil Stocks*
9 9 Notes: The most recent data show OECD inventories remaining at very low levels. EIA expects inventories to remain low through the coming year. This increases the potential for price volatility through the winter, and even extending to the next gasoline season. Inventories are a good measure of the supply/demand balance that effects prices. A large over-supply (production greater than demand) will put downward pressure on prices, while under-supply will push prices upward. As global oil production changed relative to demand, the world moved from a period of over-supply in 1998 to one of under-supply in 1999 and 2000. OECD inventories illustrate the changes in the world petroleum balance. OECD inventories rose to high levels during 1997 and 1998 when production exceeded demand and prices dropped to around $10 per barrel in
6 6 Notes: The most recent data show OECD inventories remaining at very low levels. EIA expects inventories to remain low through the coming year. This increases the potential for price volatility through the rest of the winter, and into the next gasoline season. Inventories are a good measure of the supply/demand balance that affects prices. A large over-supply (production greater than demand) will put downward pressure on prices, while under-supply will push prices upward. As global oil production changed relative to demand, the world moved from a period of over-supply in 1998 to one of under-supply in 1999 and 2000. OECD inventories illustrate the changes in the world petroleum balance. OECD inventories rose to high levels during 1997 and 1998 when production exceeded demand and prices dropped to around $10 per barrel in
The most recent data show OECD inventories remaining at very low The most recent data show OECD inventories remaining at very low levels. EIA expects inventories to remain low through the coming year. This increases the potential for price volatility through the winter, and even extending to the next gasoline season. Inventories are a good measure of the supply/demand balance that effects prices. A large over-supply (production greater than demand) will put downward pressure on prices, while under-supply will push prices upward. As global oil production changed relative to demand, the world moved from a period of over-supply in 1998 to one of under-supply in 1999 and 2000. OECD inventories illustrate the changes in the world petroleum balance. OECD inventories rose to high levels during 1997 and 1998 when production exceeded demand and prices dropped to around $10 per barrel in
STEO January 2013 - world oil prices
Gap between U.S. and world oil prices to be cut by more than Gap between U.S. and world oil prices to be cut by more than half over next two years The current wide price gap between a key U.S. and a world benchmark crude oil is expected to narrow significantly over the next two years. The spot price for U.S. benchmark West Texas Intermediate crude oil, also known as WTI , averaged $94 a barrel in 2012. That's $18 less than North Sea Brent oil, which is a global benchmark crude that had an average price of $112 last year. The new monthly forecast from the U.S. Energy Information Administration expects the price gap between the two crude oils to shrink to $16 a barrel this year and then to $8 in 2014. That's when WTI would average $91 a barrel and Brent would be at $99. The smaller price gap will result from new pipelines coming on line that will lower the cost of
Solitary Wave Benchmarks in Magma Dynamics
We present a model problem for benchmarking codes that investigate magma migration in the Earth's interior. This system retains the essential features of more sophisticated models, yet has the advantage of possessing solitary wave solutions. The existence of such exact solutions to the nonlinear problem make it an excellent benchmark problem for combinations of solver algorithms. In this work, we explore a novel algorithm for computing high quality approximations of the solitary waves and use them to benchmark a semi-Lagrangian Crank-Nicholson scheme for a finite element discretization of the time dependent problem.
Simpson, Gideon
Benchmarking Electricity Liberalisation in Europe
sources does the country's electricity industry use? A country with a high proportion of hydro-electricity may not be exposed to fluctuations in the prices of fossil fuels, but is vulnerable to years with low precipitation. Historically, oil prices have... the summer of 2000. The disadvantages of this measure include the significant effort required to calculate it. Although simple models of the industry can be built and maintained at low cost, and regularly updated with fuel prices and demand levels...
Green, Richard J; Lorenzoni, Arturo; Perez, Yannick; Pollitt, Michael G.
mid-January, 2000. WTI crude oil price rose about $17 per mid-January, 2000. WTI crude oil price rose about $17 per barrel or 40 cents per gallon from its low point in mid February 1999 to January 17, 2000. Over this same time period, New York Harbor spot heating oil had risen about 42 cents per gallon, reflecting both the crude price rise and the beginning of a return to a more usual seasonal spread over the price of crude oil. The week ending January 21, distillate spot prices in the Northeast spiked dramatically to record levels, closing on Friday at $1.26 per gallon -- up 50 cents from the prior week. Gulf Coast prices were not spiking, but were probably pulled higher as the New York Harbor market began to draw on product from other areas. They closed at 83 cents per gallon, an increase of 11 cents from the prior Friday. Crude oil had risen about 4 cents from
Drilling history and stratigraphic correlation of Rose Run sandstone of northeastern Ohio
To date, 40 known tests have penetrated the Knox unconformity in Ashtabula, Lake, Trumbull, Geauga, and Portage Counties, Ohio. Prior to 1980, there were only 22 tests. Of these, only 10 penetrated and logged rocks older than the Rose Run sandstone. In the period 1980-1986, two Rose Run discoveries were drilled, one in New Lyme Township of Ashtabula County and one in Burton Township of Geauga County. Both discovery wells have been offset. Attempts have been made to correlate these two areas with older tests in northeastern Ohio and with the Rose Run sandstones of Coshocton County. In northeastern Ohio, preliminary studies indicate a Rose Run sandstone and/or dolomite interval approximately 100 ft thick. The upper 50 ft is predominantly sandstone and the lower 50 ft changes locally from sandstone to dolomite. The upper sandy member can be correlated to the A, B, and C sandstone units of Coshocton County.
Moyer, C.C.
Benchmark scenarios for the NMSSM
We discuss constrained and semi--constrained versions of the next--to--minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (NMSSM) in which a singlet Higgs superfield is added to the two doublet superfields that are present in the minimal extension (MSSM). This leads to a richer Higgs and neutralino spectrum and allows for many interesting phenomena that are not present in the MSSM. In particular, light Higgs particles are still allowed by current constraints and could appear as decay products of the heavier Higgs states, rendering their search rather difficult at the LHC. We propose benchmark scenarios which address the new phenomenological features, consistent with present constraints from colliders and with the dark matter relic density, and with (semi--)universal soft terms at the GUT scale. We present the corresponding spectra for the Higgs particles, their couplings to gauge bosons and fermions and their most important decay branching ratios. A brief survey of the search strategies for these states at the LHC is given.
A. Djouadi; M. Drees; U. Ellwanger; R. Godbole; C. Hugonie; S. F. King; S. Lehti; S. Moretti; A. Nikitenko; I. Rottlaender; M. Schumacher; A. Teixeira
Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation
This revised ITP tip sheet on benchmarking the fuel cost of steam provides how-to advice for improving industrial steam systems using low-cost, proven practices and technologies.
Benchmarking autonomic capabilities: Promises and pitfalls
Benchmarks provide a way to quantify progress in a field. Excellent examples of this are the dramatic improvements in processor speeds and middleware performance over the last decade, driven in part by SPEC ®
Aaron B. Brown; Joseph Hellerstein; Matt Hogstrom; Tony Lau; Sam Lightstone; Peter Shum; Mary Peterson Yost
opportunity assessment process can then be used to inform and optimize a full-scale audit or commissioning process. We introduce a new web-based action-oriented benchmarking...
DOE Commercial Building Benchmark Models: Preprint
To provide a consistent baseline of comparison and save time conducting such simulations, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has developed a set of standard benchmark building models. This paper will provide an executive summary overview of these benchmark buildings, and how they can save building analysts valuable time. Fully documented and implemented to use with the EnergyPlus energy simulation program, the benchmark models are publicly available and new versions will be created to maintain compatibility with new releases of EnergyPlus. The benchmark buildings will form the basis for research on specific building technologies, energy code development, appliance standards, and measurement of progress toward DOE energy goals. Having a common starting point allows us to better share and compare research results and move forward to make more energy efficient buildings.
Torcelini, P.; Deru, M.; Griffith, B.; Benne, K.; Halverson, M.; Winiarski, D.; Crawley, D. B.
DataTrends Energy Use Benchmarking
Benchmarking Benchmarking The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) ENERGY STAR Portfolio Manager is changing the way organizations track and manage energy. As of December 2011, organizations have used Portfolio Manager to track and manage the energy use of over 260,000 buildings across all 50 states, representing over 28 billion square feet (nearly 40% of the commercial market). Because of this widespread market adoption, EPA has prepared the DataTrends series to examine benchmarking and trends in energy and water consumption in Portfolio Manager. To learn more, visit www.energystar.gov/DataTrends. Many different types of organizations use Portfolio Manager to benchmark the energy use of their buildings. Office, K-12
Hospital Energy Benchmarking Guidance - Version 1.0
energy conversion is provided in the documentation for the Energy Star facility-level benchmarking system
Singer, Brett C.
LUBM: A benchmark for OWL knowledge base systems
We describe our method for benchmarking Semantic Web knowledge base systems with respect to use in large OWL applications. We present the Lehigh University Benchmark (LUBM) as an example of how to design such benchmarks. The LUBM features an ontology ... Keywords: Evaluation, Knowledge base system, Lehigh University Benchmark, Semantic Web
Yuanbo Guo; Zhengxiang Pan; Jeff Heflin
A framework for benchmarking land models
Land models, which have been developed by the modeling community in the past few decades to predict future states of ecosystems and climate, have to be critically evaluated for their performance skills of simulating ecosystem responses and feedback to climate change. Benchmarking is an emerging procedure to measure performance of models against a set of defined standards. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework for evaluation of land model performances and, meanwhile, highlights major challenges at this infant stage of benchmark analysis. The framework includes (1) targeted aspects of model performance to be evaluated, (2) a set of benchmarks as defined references to test model performance, (3) metrics to measure and compare performance skills among models so as to identify model strengths and deficiencies, and (4) model improvement. Land models are required to simulate exchange of water, energy, carbon and sometimes other trace gases between the atmosphere and land surface, and should be evaluated for their simulations of biophysical processes, biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics in response to climate change across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, one major challenge is to select and define a limited number of benchmarks to effectively evaluate land model performance. The second challenge is to develop metrics of measuring mismatches between models and benchmarks. The metrics may include (1) a priori thresholds of acceptable model performance and (2) a scoring system to combine data–model mismatches for various processes at different temporal and spatial scales. The benchmark analyses should identify clues of weak model performance to guide future development, thus enabling improved predictions of future states of ecosystems and climate. The near-future research effort should be on development of a set of widely acceptable benchmarks that can be used to objectively, effectively, and reliably evaluate fundamental properties of land models to improve their prediction performance skills.
Luo, Yiqi; Randerson, J.; Abramowitz, G.; Bacour, C.; Blyth, E.; Carvalhais, N.; Ciais, Philippe; Dalmonech, D.; Fisher, J.B.; Fisher, R.; Friedlingstein, P.; Hibbard, Kathleen A.; Hoffman, F. M.; Huntzinger, Deborah; Jones, C.; Koven, C.; Lawrence, David M.; Li, D.J.; Mahecha, M.; Niu, S.L.; Norby, Richard J.; Piao, S.L.; Qi, X.; Peylin, P.; Prentice, I.C.; Riley, William; Reichstein, M.; Schwalm, C.; Wang, Y.; Xia, J. Y.; Zaehle, S.; Zhou, X. H.
Land models, which have been developed by the modeling community in the past few decades to predict future states of ecosystems and climate, have to be critically evaluated for their performance skills of simulating ecosystem responses and feedback to climate change. Benchmarking is an emerging procedure to measure performance of models against a set of defined standards. This paper proposes a benchmarking framework for evaluation of land model performances and, meanwhile, highlights major challenges at this infant stage of benchmark analysis. The framework includes (1) targeted aspects of model performance to be evaluated, (2) a set of benchmarks as defined references to test model performance, (3) metrics to measure and compare performance skills among models so as to identify model strengths and deficiencies, and (4) model improvement. Land models are required to simulate exchange of water, energy, carbon and sometimes other trace gases between the atmosphere and land surface, and should be evaluated for their simulations of biophysical processes, biogeochemical cycles, and vegetation dynamics in response to climate change across broad temporal and spatial scales. Thus, one major challenge is to select and define a limited number of benchmarks to effectively evaluate land model performance. The second challenge is to develop metrics of measuring mismatches between models and benchmarks. The metrics may include (1) a priori thresholds of acceptable model performance and (2) a scoring system to combine data model mismatches for various processes at different temporal and spatial scales. The benchmark analyses should identify clues of weak model performance to guide future development, thus enabling improved predictions of future states of ecosystems and climate. The near-future research effort should be on development of a set of widely acceptable benchmarks that can be used to objectively, effectively, and reliably evaluate fundamental properties of land models to improve their prediction performance skills.
Luo, Yiqi [University of Oklahoma; Randerson, James T. [University of California, Irvine; Hoffman, Forrest [ORNL; Norby, Richard J [ORNL
Mixed-Oxide (MOX) Fuel Performance Benchmarks
Within the framework of the OECD/NEA Expert Group on Reactor-based Plutonium disposition (TFRPD), a fuel modeling code benchmarks for MOX fuel was initiated. This paper summarizes the calculation results provided by the contributors for the first two fuel performance benchmark problems. A limited sensitivity study of the effect of the rod power uncertainty on code predictions of fuel centerline temperature and fuel pin pressure also was performed and is included in the paper.
Ott, Larry J [ORNL; Tverberg, Terje [OECD Halden Reactor Project; Sartori, Enrico [ORNL
Physics Benchmarks for the ILC Detectors
This note presents a list of physics processes for benchmarking the performance of proposed ILC detectors. This list gives broad coverage of the required physics capabilities of the ILC experiments and suggests target accuracies to be achieved. A reduced list of reactions, which capture within a very economical set the main challenges put by the ILC physics program, is suggested for the early stage of benchmarking of the detector concepts.
M. Battaglia; T. Barklow; M. Peskin; Y. Okada; S. Yamashita; P. Zerwas
On a euro basis, Brent crude oil spot price surpasses prior ...
On a euro basis, the spot price for Brent crude oil, a global benchmark, has surpassed its prior record high and set a new record high of 96.53 euros per barrel on ...
Storage-Intensive Supercomputing Benchmark Study
Critical data science applications requiring frequent access to storage perform poorly on today's computing architectures. This project addresses efficient computation of data-intensive problems in national security and basic science by exploring, advancing, and applying a new form of computing called storage-intensive supercomputing (SISC). Our goal is to enable applications that simply cannot run on current systems, and, for a broad range of data-intensive problems, to deliver an order of magnitude improvement in price/performance over today's data-intensive architectures. This technical report documents much of the work done under LDRD 07-ERD-063 Storage Intensive Supercomputing during the period 05/07-09/07. The following chapters describe: (1) a new file I/O monitoring tool iotrace developed to capture the dynamic I/O profiles of Linux processes; (2) an out-of-core graph benchmark for level-set expansion of scale-free graphs; (3) an entity extraction benchmark consisting of a pipeline of eight components; and (4) an image resampling benchmark drawn from the SWarp program in the LSST data processing pipeline. The performance of the graph and entity extraction benchmarks was measured in three different scenarios: data sets residing on the NFS file server and accessed over the network; data sets stored on local disk; and data sets stored on the Fusion I/O parallel NAND Flash array. The image resampling benchmark compared performance of software-only to GPU-accelerated. In addition to the work reported here, an additional text processing application was developed that used an FPGA to accelerate n-gram profiling for language classification. The n-gram application will be presented at SC07 at the High Performance Reconfigurable Computing Technologies and Applications Workshop. The graph and entity extraction benchmarks were run on a Supermicro server housing the NAND Flash 40GB parallel disk array, the Fusion-io. The Fusion system specs are as follows: SuperMicro X7DBE Xeon Dual Socket Blackford Server Motherboard; 2 Intel Xeon Dual-Core 2.66 GHz processors; 1 GB DDR2 PC2-5300 RAM (2 x 512); 80GB Hard Drive (Seagate SATA II Barracuda). The Fusion board is presently capable of 4X in a PCIe slot. The image resampling benchmark was run on a dual Xeon workstation with NVIDIA graphics card (see Chapter 5 for full specification). An XtremeData Opteron+FPGA was used for the language classification application. We observed that these benchmarks are not uniformly I/O intensive. The only benchmark that showed greater that 50% of the time in I/O was the graph algorithm when it accessed data files over NFS. When local disk was used, the graph benchmark spent at most 40% of its time in I/O. The other benchmarks were CPU dominated. The image resampling benchmark and language classification showed order of magnitude speedup over software by using co-processor technology to offload the CPU-intensive kernels. Our experiments to date suggest that emerging hardware technologies offer significant benefit to boosting the performance of data-intensive algorithms. Using GPU and FPGA co-processors, we were able to improve performance by more than an order of magnitude on the benchmark algorithms, eliminating the processor bottleneck of CPU-bound tasks. Experiments with a prototype solid state nonvolative memory available today show 10X better throughput on random reads than disk, with a 2X speedup on a graph processing benchmark when compared to the use of local SATA disk.
Cohen, J; Dossa, D; Gokhale, M; Hysom, D; May, J; Pearce, R; Yoo, A
The 2006 Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS) database developed by the California Energy Commission is a far richer source of energy end-use data for non-residential buildings than has previously been available and opens the possibility of creating new and more powerful energy benchmarking processes and tools. In this article--Part 2 of a two-part series--we describe the methodology and selected results from an action-oriented benchmarking approach using the new CEUS database. This approach goes beyond whole-building energy benchmarking to more advanced end-use and component-level benchmarking that enables users to identify and prioritize specific energy efficiency opportunities - an improvement on benchmarking tools typically in use today.
Mathew, Paul; Mills, Evan; Bourassa, Norman; Brook, Martha
Performance Benchmarks for I/S in Corporations (1988-1995)
ANNUAL REPORT PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR I/S IN CORPORATTONSIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS F O R INFORMATION S Y S T E MIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
Kraemer, Kenneth L.; Dunkle, Debbie
Performance Benchmarks for I/S in Corporations (1988-1994)
ANNUAL REPORT PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR I/S IN CORPORATIONSIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS INServices PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
Kraemer, Kenneth L.; Gurbaxani, Viijay; Vitalari, Nicholas; Dunkle, Debbie
Assessment of Applying the PMaC Prediction Framework to NERSC-5 SSP Benchmarks
Framework to NERSC-5 SSP Benchmarks Summer 2006 Author: Noeldepends on application benchmarks, in particular the NERSCvendors are asked to run SSP benchmarks at various scales to
Keen, Noel
Science Driven Supercomputing Architectures: Analyzing Architectural Bottlenecks with Applications and Benchmark Probes
with Applications and Benchmark Probes The Berkeleydevelopment of adequate benchmarks for identification ofapplication kernels; and 3) Benchmarks to measure key system
Performance Benchmarks for I/S in Corporations (1990-1999)
ANNUAL REPORT PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR I/S IN CORPORATIONSIrvine PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS INiv- PERFORMANCE BENCHMARKS FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
Kraemer, Kenneth L.; Gurbaxani, Viijay; Dunkle, Debbie
Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive and Database (SINBAD)
The Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive and Database (SINBAD) collection of benchmarks was initiated in the early 1990 s. SINBAD is an international collaboration between the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development s Nuclear Energy Agency Data Bank (OECD/NEADB) and the Radiation Safety Information Computational Center (RSICC) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). SINBAD is a major attempt to compile experiments and corresponding computational models with the goal of preserving institutional knowledge and expertise that need to be handed down to future scientists. SINBAD is also a learning tool for university students and scientists who need to design experiments or gain expertise in modeling and simulation. The SINBAD database is currently divided into three categories fission, fusion, and accelerator benchmarks. Where possible, each experiment is described and analyzed using deterministic or probabilistic (Monte Carlo) radiation transport software.
Kirk, Bernadette Lugue [ORNL; Grove, Robert E [ORNL; Kodeli, I. [International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); Sartori, Enrico [ORNL; Gulliford, J. [OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
Strong quantitative benchmarking of quantum optical devices
Quantum communication devices, such as quantum repeaters, quantum memories, or quantum channels, are unavoidably exposed to imperfections. However, the presence of imperfections can be tolerated, as long as we can verify such devices retain their quantum advantages. Benchmarks based on witnessing entanglement have proven useful for verifying the true quantum nature of these devices. The next challenge is to characterize how strongly a device is within the quantum domain. We present a method, based on entanglement measures and rigorous state truncation, which allows us to characterize the degree of quantumness of optical devices. This method serves as a quantitative extension to a large class of previously-known quantum benchmarks, requiring no additional information beyond what is already used for the non-quantitative benchmarks.
Nathan Killoran; Norbert Lütkenhaus
Towards Scalable Benchmarks for Mass Storage Systems
While mass storage systems have been used for several decades to store large quantities of scientific data, there has been little work on devising standard ways of measuring them. Each system is hand-tuned using parameters that seem to work best, but it is difficult to gauge the potential effect of similar changes on other systems. The proliferation of storage management software and policies has made it difficult for users to make the best choices for their own systems. The introduction of benchmarks will make it possible to gather standard performance measurements across disparate systems, allowing users to make intelligent choices of hardware, software, and algorithms for their mass storage system. This paper presents guidelines for the design of a mass storage system benchmark suite, along with preliminary suggestions for programs to be included. The benchmarks will measure both peak and sustained performance of the system as well as predicting both short-term and long-term behav...
Ethan L. Miller
Investigating the limits of randomized benchmarking protocols
In this paper, we analyze the performance of randomized benchmarking protocols on gate sets under a variety of realistic error models that include systematic rotations, amplitude damping, leakage to higher levels, and 1/f noise. We find that, in almost all cases, benchmarking provides better than a factor-of-two estimate of average error rate, suggesting that randomized benchmarking protocols are a valuable tool for verification and validation of quantum operations. In addition, we derive new models for fidelity decay curves under certain types of non-Markovian noise models such as 1/f and leakage errors. We also show that, provided the standard error of the fidelity measurements is small, only a small number of trials are required for high confidence estimation of gate errors.
Jeffrey M. Epstein; Andrew W. Cross; Easwar Magesan; Jay M. Gambetta
Quantum communication devices, such as quantum repeaters, quantum memories, or quantum channels, are unavoidably exposed to imperfections. However, the presence of imperfections can be tolerated, as long as we can verify that such devices retain their quantum advantages. Benchmarks based on witnessing entanglement have proven useful for verifying the true quantum nature of these devices. The next challenge is to characterize how strongly a device is within the quantum domain. We present a method, based on entanglement measures and rigorous state truncation, which allows us to characterize the degree of quantumness of optical devices. This method serves as a quantitative extension to a large class of previously known quantum benchmarks, requiring no additional information beyond what is already used for the nonquantitative benchmarks.
Killoran, N.; Luetkenhaus, N. [Institute for Quantum Computing and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, N2L 3G1 (Canada)
Argonne TTRDC - APRF - Research Activities - Benchmarking PHEVs
APRF Research Activities: Benchmarking of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) Argonne engineer Mike Duoba Engineer Mike Duoba evaluates a vehicle in Argonne's APRF. Now that plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) are emerging, it is important to test, characterize and benchmark the wide variety of PHEV designs and control strategies. In the APRF, engineers benchmark PHEVs by combining testing and data analysis to characterize the vehicles' efficiency, performance, and emissions. The vehicles are evaluated over many cycles to find control strategies under a variety of operating conditions. Argonne researchers test PHEVs over cold-start and hot-start urban dynamometer driving schedule (UDDS) and highway cycles in both charge-depletion and charge-sustaining operation. Full-charge tests, as
Rose of APS and CNM One of Four DOE Early Career Award Winners
Scientists Close-In on Artificial Spider Silk Scientists Close-In on Artificial Spider Silk Ekiert Earns 2012 APSUO Franklin Award for Studies of Influenza Virus Clever Apes on WBEZ: Breaking the Fossil Record Gerig to Chair Particle Accelerator School Board A Record Run for the APS X-ray Source APS News Archives: 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 2000 Subscribe to APS News rss feed Rose of APS and CNM One of Four DOE Early Career Award Winners MAY 16, 2012 Bookmark and Share Volker Rose with the prototype high-resolution microscope at the nanoprobe beamline on APS Sector 26. Volker Rose, assistant physicist with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science's Advanced Photon Source X-ray Science Division (XSD) and Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory is
Benchmarking Non-Hardware Balance of System (Soft) Costs for...
Benchmarking Non-Hardware Balance of System (Soft) Costs for U.S. Photovoltaic Systems Using a Data-Driven Analysis from PV Installer Survey Results Title Benchmarking Non-Hardware...
A scalability benchmark suite for Erlang/OTP
Programming language implementers rely heavily on benchmarking for measuring and understanding performance of algorithms, architectural designs, and trade-offs between alternative implementations of compilers, runtime systems, and virtual machine components. ... Keywords: benchmarking, erlang, multicore, scalability
Stavros Aronis; Nikolaos Papaspyrou; Katerina Roukounaki; Konstantinos Sagonas; Yiannis Tsiouris; Ioannis E. Venetis
Benchmarking Music Information Retrieval Systems Department of Electronic Engineering
Benchmarking Music Information Retrieval Systems Josh Reiss Department of Electronic Engineering and effective benchmarking system for music information retrieval (MIR) systems. This will serve the multiple surrounding retrieval of audio in test collections. 1. INTRODUCTION The Music Information Retrieval (MIR
Reiss, Josh
Energy Star Building Upgrade Manual Benchmarking Chapter 2
Benchmarks and Apply the Results 9 2.4 Summary 12 Bibliography 12 Glossary G-1 ENERGY STAR Building Manual 2 2. Benchmarking 2.1 Overview Businesses are reducing their...
Cleanrooms are among the most energy-intensive types of facilities. This is primarily due to the cleanliness requirements that result in high airflow rates and system static pressures, as well as process requirements that result in high cooling loads. Various studies have shown that there is a wide range of cleanroom energy efficiencies and that facility managers may not be aware of how energy efficient their cleanroom facility can be relative to other cleanroom facilities with the same cleanliness requirements. Metrics and benchmarks are an effective way to compare one facility to another and to track the performance of a given facility over time. This article presents the key metrics and benchmarks that facility managers can use to assess, track, and manage their cleanroom energy efficiency or to set energy efficiency targets for new construction. These include system-level metrics such as air change rates, air handling W/cfm, and filter pressure drops. Operational data are presented from over 20 different cleanrooms that were benchmarked with these metrics and that are part of the cleanroom benchmark dataset maintained by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL). Overall production efficiency metrics for cleanrooms in 28 semiconductor manufacturing facilities in the United States and recorded in the Fabs21 database are also presented.
International SEMATECH Manufacturing Initiative; Mathew, Paul A.; Tschudi, William; Sartor, Dale; Beasley, James
Comparative Benchmarks of full QCD Algorithms
We report performance benchmarks for several algorithms that we have used to simulate the Schr"odinger functional with two flavors of dynamical quarks. They include hybrid and polynomial hybrid Monte Carlo with preconditioning. An appendix describes a method to deal with autocorrelations for nonlinear functions of primary observables as they are met here due to reweighting.
Roberto Frezzotti; Martin Hasenbusch; Jochen Heitger; Karl Jansen; Ulli Wolff
Oil and Oil Derivatives Compliance Requirements
... for international connection of oiled residues discharge ... C to + 163°C, fuels, lubricating oils and hydraulic ... fuel of gas turbine, crude oil, lubricating oil ...
NASA BENCHMARKS COMMUNICATIONS Assessment Plan NNSA/Nevada Site...
Assessment Plan NNSANevada Site Office Facility Representative Division NASA BENCHMARKS COMMUNICATIONS Assessment Plan NNSANevada Site Office Facility Representative...
A Numerical Benchmark on the Prediction of Macrosegregation in ...
About this Abstract. Meeting, 2011 TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition. Symposium , Frontiers in Solidification Science. Presentation Title, A Numerical Benchmark ...
The Problem with the Linpack Benchmark Matrix Generator
We characterize the matrix sizes for which the Linpack Benchmark matrix generator constructs a matrix with identical columns.
Dongarra, Jack
Development of a California commercial building benchmarking database
Strategic Advisors in Global Energy Strategic Advisors in Global Energy Strategic Advisors in Global Energy Strategic Advisors in Global Energy Investing in Oil and Natural Gas: A Few Key Issues Prepared for EIA Conference Susan Farrell, Senior Director PFC Energy April 8, 2009 Investing in Oil and Gas| PFC Energy| Page 2 The Top 20 IOCs and Top 20 NOCs Account for Over Half of E&P Spend Source: PFC Energy, Global E&P Surveys Investing in Oil and Gas| PFC Energy| Page 3 Oil Prices Rose, But So Did Costs + 52% $0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 WTI $/barrel Annual averages Large Gulf of Mexico Facility Costs by Segment Avg $28.31 Avg $59.13 Source: PFC Energy Investing in Oil and Gas| PFC Energy| Page 4 Near term Spending Cuts will be Significant
benchmarks that are based on the actual measured energy use of comparable buildings.energy efficiency metrics and benchmarks for laboratories, which have been developed and applied to several laboratory buildings –building targets be evaluated against empirical benchmarks that are based on the measured energy
Conventional Benchmarks as a Sample of the Performance Spectrum
Most benchmarks are smaller than actual application programs. One reason is to improve benchmark universality by demanding resources every computer is likely to have. However, users dynamically increase the size of application programs to match the power ... Keywords: HINT, benchmarks, hierarchical memory, performance analysis
John L. Gustafson; Rajat Todi
Hard vs. Soft: The Central Question of Pre-Fabricated Silicon Jonathan Rose
Hard vs. Soft: The Central Question of Pre-Fabricated Silicon Jonathan Rose The Edward S. Rogers Sr also help to make it happen. We will focus on the central question in FPGA architecture: what hard to support these hard structures. An interesting specific case that will be addressed is whether processors
Rose, Jonathan
Sulfur in the Timbers of Henry VIII's Warship Mary Rose: Synchrotrons
Sulfur in the Timbers of Henry Sulfur in the Timbers of Henry VIII's Warship Mary Rose: Synchrotrons Illuminate Conservation Concerns Magnus Sandström,1 Farideh Jalilehvand,2 Emiliana Damian,1 Yvonne Fors,1 Ulrik Gelius,3 Mark Jones,4 and Murielle Salomé5 1Structural Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden 2Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada 3Department of Physics, Uppsala University, Sweden 4The Mary Rose Trust, HM Naval Base, Portsmouth, UK 5European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble, France Figure 1.The starboard side of the Mary Rose (about ½ of the hull, ~280 tons oak timbers) is since 1994 being sprayed with an aqueous solution of PEG 200. Figure 2. Sulfur K-edge XANES spectrum of Mary Rose oak core surface (0-3 mm). Standard spectra used for model fitting: 1 (solution), 1' (solid) disulfides R-SS-R (cystine with peaks at 2472.7 and 2474.4 eV); 45%; 2: Thiols R-SH (cysteine, 2473.6 eV) 23%; 3: Elemental sulfur (S8 in xylene 2473.0 eV) 10%; 4: Sulfoxide R(SO)R' (methionine sulfoxide, 2476.4 eV) 5%; 5: Sulfonate R-SO3- (methyl sulfonate, 2481.2 eV) 10%; 6: Sulfate SO42- (sodium sulfate, 2482.6 eV) 7%.
Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section How can we help you? Build an energy program Improve building and plant performance Earn the ENERGY STAR and other recognition Benchmark energy use Learn about benchmarking Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools ENERGY STAR in action Communicate and educate
Measure, track, and benchmark | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Measure, track, and benchmark Measure, track, and benchmark Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section Get started with ENERGY STAR Make the business case Build an energy management program Measure, track, and benchmark Tools for benchmarking energy management practices Tools for tracking and benchmarking facility energy performance ENERGY STAR Energy Performance Indicators for plants
RTJBench: A RealTime Java Benchmarking Framework
Abstract. The paper gives an overview of RTJBench, a framework designed to assist in the task of benchmarking programs written in the Real-Time Specification for Java, but with potentially more general applicability. RTJBench extends the JUnit framework for unit testing of Java applications with tools for real-time environment configuration, simple data processing and configurable graphical presentation services. We present design principles of RTJBench and give an example of a benchmarking suite we have been using for daily regression benchmarking of the Open Virtual Machine. Keywords: Benchmarking, regression benchmarking, Real-Time Specification for Java
Marek Prochazka; Andrey Madan; Jan Vitek; Wenchang Liu
Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool | Open Energy Information
Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool Agency/Company /Organization: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, - Central Plant, Industry Topics: Pathways analysis Resource Type: Software/modeling tools User Interface: Spreadsheet Website: industrial-energy.lbl.gov/node/100 Cost: Free Language: English References: Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool [1] Logo: Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool The Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool (BEST) is an Excel-based spreadsheet energy analysis tool developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The Benchmarking and Energy Saving Tool (BEST) is an Excel-based spreadsheet energy analysis tool developed by Lawrence Berkeley National
Simulation benchmarks for low-pressure plasmas: capacitive discharges
Benchmarking is generally accepted as an important element in demonstrating the correctness of computer simulations. In the modern sense, a benchmark is a computer simulation result that has evidence of correctness, is accompanied by estimates of relevant errors, and which can thus be used as a basis for judging the accuracy and efficiency of other codes. In this paper, we present four benchmark cases related to capacitively coupled discharges. These benchmarks prescribe all relevant physical and numerical parameters. We have simulated the benchmark conditions using five independently developed particle-in-cell codes. We show that the results of these simulations are statistically indistinguishable, within bounds of uncertainty that we define. We therefore claim that the results of these simulations represent strong benchmarks, that can be used as a basis for evaluating the accuracy of other codes. These other codes could include other approaches than particle-in-cell simulations, where benchmarking could exa...
Turner, M M; Donko, Z; Eremin, D; Kelly, S J; Lafleur, T; Mussenbrock, T
Notes from Financial and Physical Oil Market Linkages
Workshop Summary Notes Workshop Summary Notes Financial and Physical Oil Market Linkages II September 27, 2012 Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, D.C. 20585 Session 1: 9:15 a.m. - 10:45 a.m. Paper Title: Physical Market Conditions, Paper Market Activity, and the Brent-WTI Spread Presenter: Michel Robe, American University Discussant: Lutz Kilian, University of Michigan Presentation: [Presentation materials link in here] Paper Abstract We document that, starting in the Fall of 2008, the benchmark West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil has periodically traded at unheard of discounts to the corresponding Brent benchmark. We further document that this discount is not reflected in spreads between Brent and other benchmarks that are directly comparable to WTI. Drawing on extant models linking inventory
Characterizing Quantum Gates via Randomized Benchmarking
We describe and expand upon the scalable randomized benchmarking protocol proposed in Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 180504 (2011) which provides a method for benchmarking quantum gates and estimating the gate-dependence of the noise. The protocol allows the noise to have weak time and gate-dependence, and we provide a sufficient condition for the applicability of the protocol in terms of the average variation of the noise. We discuss how state preparation and measurement errors are taken into account and provide a complete proof of the scalability of the protocol. We establish a connection in special cases between the error rate provided by this protocol and the error strength measured using the diamond norm distance.
Easwar Magesan; Jay M. Gambetta; Joseph Emerson
Parton Distribution Benchmarking with LHC Data
We present a detailed comparison of the most recent sets of NNLO PDFs from the ABM, CT, HERAPDF, MSTW and NNPDF collaborations. We compare parton distributions at low and high scales and parton luminosities relevant for LHC phenomenology. We study the PDF dependence of LHC benchmark inclusive cross sections and differential distributions for electroweak boson and jet production in the cases in which the experimental covariance matrix is available. We quantify the agreement between data and theory by computing the chi2 for each data set with all the various PDFs. PDF comparisons are performed consistently for common values of the strong coupling. We also present a benchmark comparison of jet production at the LHC, comparing the results from various available codes and scale settings. Finally, we discuss the implications of the updated NNLO PDF sets for the combined PDF+alphaS uncertainty in the gluon fusion Higgs production cross section.
Richard D. Ball; Stefano Carrazza; Luigi Del Debbio; Stefano Forte; Jun Gao; Nathan Hartland; Joey Huston; Pavel Nadolsky; Juan Rojo; Daniel Stump; Robert S. Thorne; C. -P. Yuan
Measuring Performance and Benchmarking Project Management
Measuring Performance and Measuring Performance and Benchmarking Project Management at the Department of Energy Measuring Performance and Benchmarking Project Management at the Department of Energy Committee for Oversight and Assessment of U.S. Department of Energy Project Management Board on Infrastructure and the Constructed Environment Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS WASHINGTON, D.C. www.nap.edu THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the
Fuel oil and kerosene sales 1994
This publication contains the 1994 survey results of the ``Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report`` (Form EIA-821). This is the sixth year that the survey data have appeared in a separate publication. Prior to the 1989 report, the statistics appeared in the Petroleum Marketing Annual (PMA)for reference year 1988 and the Petroleum Marketing Monthly (PMM) for reference years 1984 through 1987. The 1994 edition marks the 11th annual presentation of the results of the ongoing ``Annual Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report`` survey. Distillate and residual fuel oil sales continued to move in opposite directions during 1994. Distillate sales rose for the third year in a row, due to a growing economy. Residual fuel oil sales, on the other hand, declined for the sixth year in a row, due to competitive natural gas prices, and a warmer heating season than in 1993. Distillate fuel oil sales increased 4.4 percent while residual fuel oil sales declined 1.6 percent. Kerosene sales decreased 1.4 percent in 1994.
A Simplified HTTR Diffusion Theory Benchmark
The Georgia Institute of Technology (GA-Tech) recently developed a transport theory benchmark based closely on the geometry and the features of the HTTR reactor that is operational in Japan. Though simplified, the benchmark retains all the principal physical features of the reactor and thus provides a realistic and challenging test for the codes. The purpose of this paper is twofold. The first goal is an extension of the benchmark to diffusion theory applications by generating the additional data not provided in the GA-Tech prior work. The second goal is to use the benchmark on the HEXPEDITE code available to the INL. The HEXPEDITE code is a Green's function-based neutron diffusion code in 3D hexagonal-z geometry. The results showed that the HEXPEDITE code accurately reproduces the effective multiplication factor of the reference HELIOS solution. A secondary, but no less important, conclusion is that in the testing against actual HTTR data of a full sequence of codes that would include HEXPEDITE, in the apportioning of inevitable discrepancies between experiment and models, the portion of error attributable to HEXPEDITE would be expected to be modest. If large discrepancies are observed, they would have to be explained by errors in the data fed into HEXPEDITE. Results based on a fully realistic model of the HTTR reactor are presented in a companion paper. The suite of codes used in that paper also includes HEXPEDITE. The results shown here should help that effort in the decision making process for refining the modeling steps in the full sequence of codes.
Rodolfo M. Ferrer; Abderrafi M. Ougouag; Farzad Rahnema
MESURE Tool to benchmark Java Card platforms
The advent of the Java Card standard has been a major turning point in smart card technology. With the growing acceptance of this standard, understanding the performance behavior of these platforms is becoming crucial. To meet this need, we present in this paper a novel benchmarking framework to test and evaluate the performance of Java Card platforms. MESURE tool is the first framework which accuracy and effectiveness are independent from the particular Java Card platform tested and CAD used.
Bouzefrane, Samia; Paradinas, Pierre
A PWR Thorium Pin Cell Burnup Benchmark
As part of work to evaluate the potential benefits of using thorium in LWR fuel, a thorium fueled benchmark comparison was made in this study between state-of-the-art codes, MOCUP (MCNP4B + ORIGEN2), and CASMO-4 for burnup calculations. The MOCUP runs were done individually at MIT and INEEL, using the same model but with some differences in techniques and cross section libraries. Eigenvalue and isotope concentrations were compared on a PWR pin cell model up to high burnup. The eigenvalue comparison as a function of burnup is good: the maximum difference is within 2% and the average absolute difference less than 1%. The isotope concentration comparisons are better than a set of MOX fuel benchmarks and comparable to a set of uranium fuel benchmarks reported in the literature. The actinide and fission product data sources used in the MOCUP burnup calculations for a typical thorium fuel are documented. Reasons for code vs code differences are analyzed and discussed.
Weaver, Kevan Dean; Zhao, X.; Pilat, E. E; Hejzlar, P.
The HPC Challenge benchmark suite has been released by the DARPA HPCS program to help define the performance boundaries of future Petascale computing systems. HPC Challenge is a suite of tests that examine the performance of HPC architectures using kernels with memory access patterns more challenging than those of the High Performance Linpack (HPL) benchmark used in the Top500 list. Thus, the suite is designed to augment the Top500 list, providing benchmarks that bound the performance of many real applications as a function of memory access characteristics e.g., spatial and temporal locality, and providing a framework for including additional tests. In particular, the suite is composed of several well known computational kernels (STREAM, HPL, matrix multiply--DGEMM, parallel matrix transpose--PTRANS, FFT, RandomAccess, and bandwidth/latency tests--b{sub eff}) that attempt to span high and low spatial and temporal locality space. By design, the HPC Challenge tests are scalable with the size of data sets being a function of the largest HPL matrix for the tested system.
Luszczek, Piotr; Dongarra, Jack J.; Koester, David; Rabenseifner,Rolf; Lucas, Bob; Kepner, Jeremy; McCalpin, John; Bailey, David; Takahashi, Daisuke
An Improved CAViaR Model for Oil Price Risk
As a benchmark for measuring market risk, Value-at-Risk (VaR) reduces the risk associated with any kind of asset to just a number (amount in terms of a currency), which can be well understood by regulators, board members, and other interested parties. ... Keywords: CAViaR, exponentially weighted moving average, oil price risk
Dashan Huang; Baimin Yu; Lean Yu; Frank J. Fabozzi; Masao Fukushima
Oil reserves
As of March 1988, the Strategic Petroleum Reserve inventory totaled 544.9 million barrels of oil. During the past 6 months the Department of Energy added 11.0 million barrels of crude oil to the SPR. During this period, DOE distributed $208 million from the SPR Petroleum Account. All of the oil was purchased from PEMEX--the Mexican national oil company. In FY 1988, $164 million was appropriated for facilities development and management and $439 million for oil purchases. For FY 1989, DOE proposes to obligate $173 million for facilities development and management and $236 million for oil purchases. DOE plans to postpone all further drawdown exercises involving crude oil movements until their effects on cavern integrity are evaluated. DOE and the Military Sealift Command have made progress in resolving the questions surrounding nearly $500,000 in payments for demurrage charges.
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PIA - Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve System (Heating Oil...
Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve System (Heating Oil) PIA - Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve System (Heating Oil) PIA - Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve System (Heating Oil)...
Decommissioning of the Nuclear Licensed Facilities at the Fontenay aux Roses CEA Center
This is a summary of the program for the decommissioning of all the CEA's facilities in Fontenay aux Roses. The particularity of this center is that it is located in a built-up area. Taking into account the particularities of the various buildings and the levels of radioactivity in them, it was possible to devise a coherent, optimized program for the CEA-FAR licensed nuclear facility decommissioning operations.
Jeanjacques, Michel; Piketty, Laurence; Mandard, Lionel; Pedron, Guy; Boissonneau, Jean Francois; Fouquereau, Alain; Pichereau, Eric; Lethuaire, Nathalie; Estivie, David; Binet, Cedric; Meden, Igor [Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique, Direction de l'Energie Nucleaire, Direction deleguee des Activites Nucleaires de Saclay, Departement des Reacteurs et des Services Nucleaires, Service d'Assainissement de Fontenay Aux Roses : 18, route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex (France)
Horizontal drilling in the Lower Glen Rose Formation, Maverick County, Texas
This paper presents preliminary results of a project to assess the economic viability of horizontal drilling in the Lower Glen Rose Formation of Maverick County, Texas. This project is part of an ongoing Department of Energy investigation of directional drilling in the development of gas resources within the United States. The paper includes: project description; results covering geologic setting, reservoir engineering, and seismic surveys; and future work on drilling location selection, drilling, and well completion. (AT)
Drimal, C.E.; Muncey, G.
Building energy benchmarking is a useful starting point for commercial building owners and operators to target energy savings opportunities. There are a number of tools and methods for benchmarking energy use. Benchmarking based on regional data can provides more relevant information for California buildings than national tools such as Energy Star. This paper discusses issues related to benchmarking commercial building energy use and the development of Cal-Arch, a building energy benchmarking database for California. Currently Cal-Arch uses existing survey data from California's Commercial End Use Survey (CEUS), a largely underutilized wealth of information collected by California's major utilities. Doe's Commercial Building Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) is used by a similar tool, Arch, and by a number of other benchmarking tools. Future versions of Arch/Cal-Arch will utilize additional data sources including modeled data and individual buildings to expand the database.
Manufacturers' View on Benchmarking and Disclosure
Association of Electrical and Association of Electrical and Medical Imaging Equipment Manufacturers Manufacturing Solutions for Energy Efficiency in Buildings Patrick Hughes Policy Director, High Performance Buildings National Electrical Manufacturers Association The Association of Electrical and Medical Imaging Equipment Manufacturers What is NEMA? The Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers Which policies encourage energy efficiency in buildings? Energy Savings Performance Contracts Tax Incentives Shaheen- Portman Benchmarking and Disclosure Bullitt Center Seattle, Washington The Association of Electrical Equipment and Medical Imaging Manufacturers Energy Savings Performance Contracts ESPCs pay for efficiency upgrades with
ABM11 parton distributions and benchmarks
We present a determination of the nucleon parton distribution functions (PDFs) and of the strong coupling constant $\\alpha_s$ at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD based on the world data for deep-inelastic scattering and the fixed-target data for the Drell-Yan process. The analysis is performed in the fixed-flavor number scheme for $n_f=3,4,5$ and uses the $\\bar{MS}$ scheme for $\\alpha_s$ and the heavy quark masses. The fit results are compared with other PDFs and used to compute the benchmark cross sections at hadron colliders to the NNLO accuracy.
S. Alekhin; J. Bluemlein; S. -O. Moch
Robust randomized benchmarking of quantum processes
We describe a simple randomized benchmarking protocol for quantum information processors and obtain a sequence of models for the observable fidelity decay as a function of a perturbative expansion of the errors. We are able to prove that the protocol provides an efficient and reliable estimate of an average error-rate for a set operations (gates) under a general noise model that allows for both time and gate-dependent errors. We determine the conditions under which this estimate remains valid and illustrate the protocol through numerical examples.
Easwar Magesan; J. M. Gambetta; Joseph Emerson
Oil gas J report. Mexico. [Mexico
Mexico's oil industry continues its rise, but it has not yet been able to ignite sluggish sectors of the economy nor bring national prosperity. Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX) has accomplished about everything an oil company can do. Total claimed proved reserves of oil, gas liquids, and gas (oil equivalent) climbed 12 billion bbl to 72,000 billion bbl in 1981. They could hit 80 billion bbl by year-end 1982. Production (oil, gas, and gas liquids) rose by half a million barrels per day to 3,125,000 bpd. With the proper market and mandate, PEMEX could top that in 1982. Exports grew 300,000 bpd in 1981, but may be flat in 1982, though not due to a lack of capacity to export. PEMEX lost its authority to set sales volumes after the first big discoveries. It has also lost its ability to negotiate prices. This report indicates the impact of economic factors on drilling and production. New finds and production statistics on existing fields are highlighted. Technologic progress also is documented.
Use Energy Information Services to Benchmark with ENERGY STAR
service products that meet different customer needs including: > Utility Bill Management: ENERGY STAR automated benchmarking, utility tracking, bill processing and payment,...
Energy Tips: Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation | ENERGY...
You are here Home Buildings & Plants Energy Tips: Benchmark the Fuel Cost of Steam Generation Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login...
New Benchmark Instances for the Steiner Problem in Graphs
Sep 26, 2001 ... New Benchmark Instances for the Steiner Problem in Graphs. Isabel Rosseti ( rosseti ***at*** inf.puc-rio.br) Marcus Poggi de Aragăo (poggi ...
Revised Benchmark Problem for modeling of metal flow and metal ...
The literature is scarce when it comes to benchmark problems for MHD flow in a cell and those cases which are available often suffer from insufficient level of ...
This document describes an energy benchmarking framework for hospitals. The document is organized as follows. The introduction provides a brief primer on benchmarking and its application to hospitals. The next two sections discuss special considerations including the identification of normalizing factors. The presentation of metrics is preceded by a description of the overall framework and the rationale for the grouping of metrics. Following the presentation of metrics, a high-level protocol is provided. The next section presents draft benchmarks for some metrics; benchmarks are not available for many metrics owing to a lack of data. This document ends with a list of research needs for further development.
Region Benchmarks 1 Source & notes HOSPITAL BUILDING ENERGYbenchmarks are based on hospital energy end use estimates presented on LBNL's EnergyIQ commercial building
NERSC-6 Workload Analysis and Benchmark Selection Process
Computational Characteristics for NERSC?6 Benchmarks. *CI isScience-Driven Computing: NERSC's Plan for 2006–2010,"Erich Strohmaier, "The NERSC Sustained System Performance (
Antypas, Katie
ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 2: Benchmarking ...
efficiency upgrades presented in an easy-to-understand framework designed especially for ENERGY STAR partners. This 12-page chapter defines benchmarking, what successful...
Tools for benchmarking energy management practices | ENERGY STAR
benchmarking energy management practices Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new...
Benchmark Results for TraPPE Carbon Dioxide
Benchmark results for TraPPE Carbon Dioxide. The purpose of these pages is to provide some explicit results from Monte ...
Tools for tracking and benchmarking facility energy performance | ENERGY
Industrial energy management Industrial energy management » Measure, track, and benchmark » Tools for tracking and benchmarking facility energy performance Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section Get started with ENERGY STAR Make the business case Build an energy management program Measure, track, and benchmark Tools for benchmarking energy management practices
VVER-440 dosimetry and neutron spectrum benchmark
Light Water Reactor (LWR) benchmark experiments performed in the United States under the Surveillance Dosimetry Improvement Program (SDIP), in general, reported measured reaction rates and not neutron flux spectrum. The VVER-440 benchmark experiments, using a combination of spherical hydrogen-filled proportional counters and a stilbene scintillator detector, were measurements that provided a direct verification of the transport neutron flux spectrum. The original SAILOR cross-section library from ENDF/B-IV were used, except that the iron, hydrogen, and oxygen values from ENDF/B-VI were inserted. A linear-least-squares analysis showed that the average difference between calculations and measurements below 10 MeV was (a) less than 6% at the surveillance position; (b) less than 5% at the pressure vessel (PV) inner surface; (c) less than 6% at 1/3 thickness into the PV (1/3 T); (d) less than 17% at 2/3 thickness into the PV (2/3 T); and (e) less than 24% at the PV outer surface.
Sajot, E. [Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, LA (United States). Nuclear Science Center; Kam, F.B.K. [Oak Ridge National Lab., TN (United States)
Updated Post-WMAP Benchmarks for Supersymmetry
We update a previously-proposed set of supersymmetric benchmark scenarios, taking into account the precise constraints on the cold dark matter density obtained by combining WMAP and other cosmological data, as well as the LEP and b -> s gamma constraints. We assume that R parity is conserved and work within the constrained MSSM (CMSSM) with universal soft supersymmetry-breaking scalar and gaugino masses m_0 and m_1/2. In most cases, the relic density calculated for the previous benchmarks may be brought within the WMAP range by reducing slightly m_0, but in two cases more substantial changes in m_0 and m_1/2 are made. Since the WMAP constraint reduces the effective dimensionality of the CMSSM parameter space, one may study phenomenology along `WMAP lines' in the (m_1/2, m_0) plane that have acceptable amounts of dark matter. We discuss the production, decays and detectability of sparticles along these lines, at the LHC and at linear e+ e- colliders in the sub- and multi-TeV ranges, stressing the complementarity of hadron and lepton colliders, and with particular emphasis on the neutralino sector. Finally, we preview the accuracy with which one might be able to predict the density of supersymmetric cold dark matter using collider measurements.
M. Battaglia; A. De Roeck; J. Ellis; F. Gianotti; K. A. Olive; L. Pape
The Snowmass Points and Slopes: Benchmarks for SUSY Searches
The ``Snowmass Points and Slopes'' (SPS) are a set of benchmark points and parameter lines in the MSSM parameter space corresponding to different scenarios in the search for Supersymmetry at present and future experiments. This set of benchmarks was agreed upon at the 2001 ``Snowmass Workshop on the Future of Particle Physics'' as a consensus based on different existing proposals.
B. C. Allanach; M. Battaglia; G. A. Blair; M. Carena; A. De Roeck; A. Dedes; A. Djouadi; D. Gerdes; N. Ghodbane; J. Gunion; H. E. Haber; T. Han; S. Heinemeyer; J. L. Hewett; I. Hinchliffe; J. Kalinowski; H. E. Logan; S. P. Martin; H. -U. Martyn; K. T. Matchev; S. Moretti; F. Moortgat; G. Moortgat-Pick; S. Mrenna; U. Nauenberg; Y. Okada; K. A. Olive; W. Porod; M. Schmitt; S. Su; C. E. M. Wagner; G. Weiglein; J. Wells; G. W. Wilson; P. Zerwas
From Aardvark to Zorro: A Benchmark for Mammal Image Classification
Current object recognition systems aim at recognizing numerous object classes under limited supervision conditions. This paper provides a benchmark for evaluating progress on this fundamental task. Several methods have recently proposed to utilize the ... Keywords: Animals, Annotation, Benchmark, Database, Dataset, Machine learning, Mammals, Multiclass, Natural images, Object recognition, Svm
Michael Fink; Shimon Ullman
Synthetic benchmark for modeling flow in 3D fractured media
Intensity and localization of flows in fractured media have promoted the development of a large range of different modeling approaches including Discrete Fracture Networks, pipe networks and equivalent continuous media. While benchmarked usually within ... Keywords: Benchmark, Fractured media, Single-phase flow, Stochastic model
Jean-Raynald De Dreuzy; GéRaldine Pichot; Baptiste Poirriez; Jocelyne Erhel
HPC Global File System Performance Analysis Using A Scientific-Application Derived Benchmark
Scienti?c-Application Derived Benchmark. In Proc. SC07: HighMonterey, CA, April 11-14 2005. [9] Flash io benchmark.www-unix.mcs.anl.gov/pio-benchmark/. [10] W. Gropp, E. Lusk,
Borrill, Julian
Do Benchmarks Matter? Do Measures Matter? A Study of Monthly Mutual Fund Returns
USING 279 MUTUAL FUNDS Benchmark: Time Series t-statistic:FOR 3 MEASURES WITH 4 BENCHMARKS USING 109 PASSIVE TEST120 MONTHLY OBSERVATIONS BENCHMARK: EW INDEX 10 FACTORS P8
Grinblatt, Mark; Titman, Sheridan
Review of California and National Methods for Energy Performance Benchmarking of Commercial Buildings
benchmark the energy performance of California's buildings.benchmark the energy performance of California's buildings.benchmark with quantitative statistics guiding the building evaluation. Energy
Matson, Nance E.; Piette, Mary Ann
Quantum benchmarks for pure single-mode Gaussian states
Teleportation and storage of continuous variable states of light and atoms are essential building blocks for the realization of large scale quantum networks. Rigorous validation of these implementations require identifying, and surpassing, benchmarks set by the most effective strategies attainable without the use of quantum resources. Such benchmarks have been established for special families of input states, like coherent states and particular subclasses of squeezed states. Here we solve the longstanding problem of defining quantum benchmarks for general pure Gaussian single-mode states with arbitrary phase, displacement, and squeezing, randomly sampled according to a realistic prior distribution. As a special case, we show that the fidelity benchmark for teleporting squeezed states with totally random phase and squeezing degree is 1/2, equal to the corresponding one for coherent states. We discuss the use of entangled resources to beat the benchmarks in experiments.
Giulio Chiribella; Gerardo Adesso
Developing a Web-based Benchmarking Tool for Laboratories
Developing a Web-based Benchmarking Tool for Laboratories Developing a Web-based Benchmarking Tool for Laboratories Speaker(s): Mayank Singh Date: November 22, 2002 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Dale Sartor (The EETD Applications Team includes: Satish Kumar, Paul Mathew, Dale Sartor, and Mayank Singh.) Developers of benchmarking tools are confronted with some common issues and some unique challenges. This presentation will describe the challenges faced by us while developing a web-based benchmarking tool for laboratories. Attributes such as the i) analytical and data visualization capability, and ii) flexibility and usability of the tool are common to any benchmarking effort. The various classification scheme and categories of laboratories, each with its own energy signature, posed a design challenge both for the database as well as data input forms,
Learn about benchmarking | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Learn about benchmarking Learn about benchmarking Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section How can we help you? Build an energy program Improve building and plant performance Earn the ENERGY STAR and other recognition Benchmark energy use Learn about benchmarking Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools ENERGY STAR in action Communicate and educate Find out who's partnered with ENERGY STAR
Benchmark energy use | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Benchmark energy use Benchmark energy use Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In this section How can we help you? Build an energy program Improve building and plant performance Earn the ENERGY STAR and other recognition Benchmark energy use Learn about benchmarking Use ENERGY STAR benchmarking tools ENERGY STAR in action Communicate and educate Find out who's partnered with ENERGY STAR
Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices | Open
Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Agency/Company /Organization: World Bank Sector: Energy Focus Area: Energy Efficiency, Buildings, Industry Topics: Resource assessment, Technology characterizations Resource Type: Publications, Guide/manual Website: www.esmap.org/esmap/sites/esmap.org/files/P115793_Energy%20Efficient%2 Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tool and Benchmarking Practices Screenshot References: EE Cities[1] Overview "Energy Efficient Cities: Assessment Tools and Benchmarking Practices has been developed from a careful review of selected papers presented during two ESMAP-sponsored sessions at the fifth World Bank Urban Research
Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis |
Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis Benchmarking Buildings to Prioritize Sites for Emissions Analysis October 7, 2013 - 10:54am Addthis YOU ARE HERE Step 2 When actual energy use by building type is known, benchmarking the performance of those buildings to industry averages can help establish those with greatest opportunities for GHG reduction. Energy intensity can be used as a basis for benchmarking by building type and can be calculated using actual energy use, representative buildings, or available average estimates from agency energy records. Energy intensity should be compared to industry averages, such as the Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) or an agency specific metered sample by location. When a program has access to metered data or representative building data,
Review of National and California Benchmarking Methods
Review of California and National Methods for Review of California and National Methods for Energy-Performance Benchmarking of Commercial Buildings Nance E. Matson and Mary Ann Piette Ernest Orlando Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory September 5 th , 2005 LBNL No. 57364 DISCLAIMER This document was prepared as an account of work sponsored by the United States Government. While this document is believed to contain correct information, neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor The Regents of the University of California, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned
A Power Benchmarking Framework for Network Devices
Abstract. Energy efficiency is becoming increasingly important in the operation of networking infrastructure, especially in enterprise and data center networks. Researchers have proposed several strategies for energy management of networking devices. However, we need a comprehensive characterization of power consumption by a variety of switches and routers to accurately quantify the savings from the various power savings schemes. In this paper, we first describe the hurdles in network power instrumentation and present a power measurement study of a variety of networking gear such as hubs, edge switches, core switches, routers and wireless access points in both stand-alone mode and a production data center. We build and describe a benchmarking suite that will allow users to measure and compare the power consumed for a large set of common configurations at any switch or router of their choice. We also propose a network energy proportionality index, which is an easily measurable metric, to compare power consumption behaviors of multiple devices.
Priya Mahadevan; Puneet Sharma; Sujata Banerjee
Benchmarking PDR models against the Horsehead edge
To prepare for the unprecedented spatial and spectral resolution provided by ALMA and Herschel/HIFI, chemical models are being benchmarked against each other. It is obvious that chemical models also need well-constrained observations that can serve as references. Photo-dissociation regions (PDRs) are particularly well suited to serve as references because they make the link between diffuse and molecular clouds, thus enabling astronomers to probe a large variety of physical and chemical processes. At a distance of 400 pc (1" corresponding to 0.002 pc), the Horsehead PDR is very close to the prototypical kind of source (i.e. 1D, edge-on) needed to serve as a reference to models.
Jérôme Pety; Javier R. Goicoechea; Maryvonne Gerin; Pierre Hily-Blant; David Teyssier; Evelyne Roueff; Emilie Habart; Alain Abergel
Performance Evaluation and Benchmarking of Intelligent Systems
To design and develop capable, dependable, and affordable intelligent systems, their performance must be measurable. Scientific methodologies for standardization and benchmarking are crucial for quantitatively evaluating the performance of emerging robotic and intelligent systems technologies. There is currently no accepted standard for quantitatively measuring the performance of these systems against user-defined requirements; and furthermore, there is no consensus on what objective evaluation procedures need to be followed to understand the performance of these systems. The lack of reproducible and repeatable test methods has precluded researchers working towards a common goal from exchanging and communicating results, inter-comparing system performance, and leveraging previous work that could otherwise avoid duplication and expedite technology transfer. Currently, this lack of cohesion in the community hinders progress in many domains, such as manufacturing, service, healthcare, and security. By providing the research community with access to standardized tools, reference data sets, and open source libraries of solutions, researchers and consumers will be able to evaluate the cost and benefits associated with intelligent systems and associated technologies. In this vein, the edited book volume addresses performance evaluation and metrics for intelligent systems, in general, while emphasizing the need and solutions for standardized methods. To the knowledge of the editors, there is not a single book on the market that is solely dedicated to the subject of performance evaluation and benchmarking of intelligent systems. Even books that address this topic do so only marginally or are out of date. The research work presented in this volume fills this void by drawing from the experiences and insights of experts gained both through theoretical development and practical implementation of intelligent systems in a variety of diverse application domains. The book presents a detailed and coherent picture of state-of-the-art, recent developments, and further research areas in intelligent systems.
Madhavan, Raj [ORNL; Messina, Elena [National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Tunstel, Edward [JHU Applied Physics Laboratory
A Benchmark Study on Casting Residual Stress
Stringent regulatory requirements, such as Tier IV norms, have pushed the cast iron for automotive applications to its limit. The castings need to be designed with closer tolerances by incorporating hitherto unknowns, such as residual stresses arising due to thermal gradients, phase and microstructural changes during solidification phenomenon. Residual stresses were earlier neglected in the casting designs by incorporating large factors of safety. Experimental measurement of residual stress in a casting through neutron or X-ray diffraction, sectioning or hole drilling, magnetic, electric or photoelastic measurements is very difficult and time consuming exercise. A detailed multi-physics model, incorporating thermo-mechanical and phase transformation phenomenon, provides an attractive alternative to assess the residual stresses generated during casting. However, before relying on the simulation methodology, it is important to rigorously validate the prediction capability by comparing it to experimental measurements. In the present work, a benchmark study was undertaken for casting residual stress measurements through neutron diffraction, which was subsequently used to validate the accuracy of simulation prediction. The stress lattice specimen geometry was designed such that subsequent castings would generate adequate residual stresses during solidification and cooling, without any cracks. The residual stresses in the cast specimen were measured using neutron diffraction. Considering the difficulty in accessing the neutron diffraction facility, these measurements can be considered as benchmark for casting simulation validations. Simulations were performed using the identical specimen geometry and casting conditions for predictions of residual stresses. The simulation predictions were found to agree well with the experimentally measured residual stresses. The experimentally validated model can be subsequently used to predict residual stresses in different cast components. This enables incorporation of the residual stresses at the design phase along with external loads for accurate predictions of fatigue and fracture performance of the cast components.
Johnson, Eric M. [John Deere -- Moline Tech Center; Watkins, Thomas R [ORNL; Schmidlin, Joshua E [ORNL; Dutler, S. A. [MAGMA Foundry Technologies, Inc.
Groundwater and Wastewater Remediation Using Agricultural Oils
agricultural oils to stimulate endogenous microbes which accelerates the cleanup. The oils tested include canola oil, grapeseed oil, coconut oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, peanut oil, ...
PIA - Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve System (Heating Oil) PIA - Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve System (Heating Oil) PIA - Northeast Home Heating Oil Reserve System (Heating...
Oil and gas developments in Europe in 1987
Europe showed signs of recovering in 1987 from the downturn in oil- and gas-related activities following the 1986 oil price collapse. Statistics showed a lessening decrease, compared with 1986, in licensed acreage (down 19%), seismic exploration (down 14%), exploratory drilling (down 32%), and development drilling (down 10%). Crude oil production rose 2% and natural gas production was up 4%. Better news was a 20% increase in new-field wildcat discoveries, which numbered 85 in 1987 compared to 79 in 1986. The North Sea produced 34 discoveries, with 20 coming from the British sector. Italy reported 23 finds, an increase of 1 from 1986, despite drilling 18% fewer wells, and France bested its 1986 record with 7 discoveries from 51% fewer wells. Development drilling was emphasized over exploratory drilling in 1987 by 492 wells to 428 wells. 1 fig., 6 tabs.
Yarbrough, S.C.
OIl Speculation
Investor Flows and the 2008 BoomBust in Oil Prices Kenneth J. Singleton 1 August 10, 2011 1 Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, email@example.com. This research...
A nine year study of file system and storage benchmarking
Benchmarking is critical when evaluating performance, but is especially difficult for file and storage systems. Complex interactions between I/O devices, caches, kernel daemons, and other OS components result in behavior that is rather difficult to analyze. Moreover, systems have different features and optimizations, so no single benchmark is always suitable. The large variety of workloads that these systems experience in the real world also adds to this difficulty. In this article we survey 415 file system and storage benchmarks from 106 recent papers. We found that most popular benchmarks are flawed and many research papers do not provide a clear indication of true performance. We provide guidelines that we hope will improve future performance evaluations. To show how some widely used benchmarks can conceal or overemphasize overheads, we conducted a set of experiments. As a specific example, slowing down read operations on ext2 by a factor of 32 resulted in only a 2–5 % wall-clock slowdown in a popular compile benchmark. Finally, we discuss future work to improve file system and storage benchmarking.
Avishay Traeger; Erez Zadok; Nikolai Joukov; Charles P. Wright
Crude Oil Exports
Notes: Crude oil exports are restricted to: (1) crude oil derived from fields under the State waters of Alaska's Cook Inlet; (2) Alaskan North Slope crude oil; (3) ...
3. Crude Oil Statistics
3. Crude Oil Statistics The United States had 21,371 million barrels of crude oil proved reserves as of December 31, 2004. Crude oil proved reserves ...
Heavy Oil Projects
Select Reports from Heavy Oil Projects Project Number Performer Title Heavy Oil Recovery US (NIPERBDM-0225) BDM-Oklahoma, Inc. Feasibility Study of Heavy Oil Recovery in the...
U.S. Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids Proved Reserves
U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves With Data for 2011 | Release Date: August 1, 2013 | Next Release Date: Early 2014 | full report Previous Issues: Year: 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 Go Summary In 2011, oil and gas exploration and production companies operating in the United States added almost 3.8 billion barrels of crude oil and lease condensate proved reserves, an increase of 15 percent, and the greatest volume increase since the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) began publishing proved reserves estimates in 1977 (Table 1). Proved reserves of crude oil and lease condensate increased by 2.9 billion barrels in 2010, the previous record. Proved reserves of U.S. wet natural gas1 rose
5 World Oil Trends WORLD OIL TRENDS
5 World Oil Trends Chapter 1 WORLD OIL TRENDS INTRODUCTION In considering the outlook for California's petroleum supplies, it is important to give attention to expecta- tions of what the world oil market. Will world oil demand increase and, if so, by how much? How will world oil prices be affected
Benchmark Evaluation of Plutonium Nitrate Solution Arrays
In October and November of 1981 thirteen approach-to-critical experiments were performed on a remote split table machine (RSTM) in the Critical Mass Laboratory of Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) in Richland, Washington, using planar arrays of polyethylene bottles filled with plutonium (Pu) nitrate solution. Arrays of up to sixteen bottles were used to measure the critical number of bottles and critical array spacing with a tight fitting Plexiglas{reg_sign} reflector on all sides of the arrays except the top. Some experiments used Plexiglas shells fitted around each bottles to determine the effect of moderation on criticality. Each bottle contained approximately 2.4 L of Pu(NO3)4 solution with a Pu content of 105 g Pu/L and a free acid molarity H+ of 5.1. The plutonium was of low 240Pu (2.9 wt.%) content. These experiments were performed to fill a gap in experimental data regarding criticality limits for storing and handling arrays of Pu solution in reprocessing facilities. Of the thirteen approach-to-critical experiments eleven resulted in extrapolations to critical configurations. Four of the approaches were extrapolated to the critical number of bottles; these were not evaluated further due to the large uncertainty associated with the modeling of a fraction of a bottle. The remaining seven approaches were extrapolated to critical array spacing of 3-4 and 4-4 arrays; these seven critical configurations were evaluation for inclusion as acceptable benchmark experiments in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbook. Detailed and simple models of these configurations were created and the associated bias of these simplifications was determined to range from 0.00116 and 0.00162 {+-} 0.00006 ?keff. Monte Carlo analysis of all models was completed using MCNP5 with ENDF/BVII.0 neutron cross section libraries. A thorough uncertainty analysis of all critical, geometric, and material parameters was performed using parameter perturbation methods. It was found that uncertainty in the impurities in the polyethylene bottles, reflector position, bottle outer diameter, and critical array spacing had the largest effect. The total uncertainty ranged from 0.00651 to 0.00920 ?keff. Evaluation methods and results will be presented and discussed in greater detail in the full paper.
M. A. Marshall; J. D. Bess
European Lean Gasoline Direct Injection Vehicle Benchmark
Lean Gasoline Direct Injection (LGDI) combustion is a promising technical path for achieving significant improvements in fuel efficiency while meeting future emissions requirements. Though Stoichiometric Gasoline Direct Injection (SGDI) technology is commercially available in a few vehicles on the American market, LGDI vehicles are not, but can be found in Europe. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) obtained a European BMW 1-series fitted with a 2.0l LGDI engine. The vehicle was instrumented and commissioned on a chassis dynamometer. The engine and after-treatment performance and emissions were characterized over US drive cycles (Federal Test Procedure (FTP), the Highway Fuel Economy Test (HFET), and US06 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06)) and steady state mappings. The vehicle micro hybrid features (engine stop-start and intelligent alternator) were benchmarked as well during the course of that study. The data was analyzed to quantify the benefits and drawbacks of the lean gasoline direct injection and micro hybrid technologies from a fuel economy and emissions perspectives with respect to the US market. Additionally that data will be formatted to develop, substantiate, and exercise vehicle simulations with conventional and advanced powertrains.
Chambon, Paul H [ORNL; Huff, Shean P [ORNL; Edwards, Kevin Dean [ORNL; Norman, Kevin M [ORNL; Prikhodko, Vitaly Y [ORNL; Thomas, John F [ORNL
Analysisi Benchmark of the Single Heater Test
The Single Heater Test (SHT) is the first of three in-situ thermal tests included in the site characterization program for the potential nuclear waste monitored geologic repository at Yucca Mountain. The heating phase of the SHT started in August 1996 and was concluded in May 1997 after 9 months of heating. Cooling continued until January 1998, at which time post-test characterization of the test block commenced. Numerous thermal, hydrological, mechanical, and chemical sensors monitored the coupled processes in the unsaturated fractured rock mass around the heater (CRWMS M&O 1999). The objective of this calculation is to benchmark a numerical simulation of the rock mass thermal behavior against the extensive data set that is available from the thermal test. The scope is limited to three-dimensional (3-D) numerical simulations of the computational domain of the Single Heater Test and surrounding rock mass. This calculation supports the waste package thermal design methodology, and is developed by Waste Package Department (WPD) under Office of Civilian Radioactive Waste Management (OCRWM) procedure AP-3.12Q, Revision 0, ICN 3, BSCN 1, Calculations.
H.M. Wade; H. Marr; M.J. Anderson
Specialty Oils Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program
Lab Proficiency Testing provider for Specialty Oils. Samples tested include Walnut Oil, Pecan Oil, Pistachio Oil, Sesame Seed Oil, Flax Seed Oil, Neem Oil, Safflower Oil, Sunflower Oil. Specialty Oils Laboratory Proficiency Testing Program Laboratory Pro
A Moist Benchmark Calculation for Atmospheric General Circulation Models
A benchmark calculation is designed to compare the climate and climate sensitivity of atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The experimental setup basically follows that of the aquaplanet experiment (APE) proposed by Neale and Hoskins, ...
Myong-In Lee; Max J. Suarez; In-Sik Kang; Isaac M. Held; Daehyun Kim
Benchmarking of OEM Hybrid Electric Vehicles at NREL: Milestone Report
A milestone report that describes the NREL's progress and activities related to the DOE FY2001 Annual Operating Plan milestone entitled ''Benchmark 2 new production or pre-production hybrids with ADVISOR.''
Kelly, K. J.; Rajagopalan, A.
A benchmark study on the thermal conductivity of nanofluids
This article reports on the International Nanofluid Property Benchmark Exercise, or INPBE, in which the thermal conductivity of identical samples of colloidally stable dispersions of nanoparticles or "nanofluids," was ...
Buongiorno, Jacopo
Benchmarking Optimization Software with COPS 3.0
May 11, 2004 ... Benchmarking Optimization Software with COPS 3.0. Elizabeth D. Dolan (dolan * **at*** cs.unc.edu) Jorge J. More' (more ***at*** mcs.anl.gov)
Jul 23, 2001 ... The codes were run on a standard platform and on all the benchmark problems provided by the organizers of the challenge. A total of ten codes ...
The Extreme Benchmark Suite: Measuring High-Performance Embedded Systems
The Extreme Benchmark Suite (XBS) is designed to support performance measurement of highly parallel "extreme " processors, many of which are designed to replace custom hardware implementations. XBS is designed to avoid many of the problems that occur when using existing benchmark suites with nonstandard and experimental architectures. In particular, XBS is intended to provide a fair comparison of a wide range of architectures, from general-purpose processors to hard-wired ASIC implementations. XBS has a clean modular structure to reduce porting effort, and is designed to be usable with slow cycle-accurate simulators. This work presents the motivation for the creation of XBS and describes in detail the XBS framework. Several benchmarks implemented with this framework are discussed, and these benchmarks are used to compare a standard platform, an experimental architecture, and custom
Steven Gerding; Krste Asanovi?
Towards Systematic Benchmarking in Answer Set Programming: The Dagstuhl Initiative
for di#erent designs of a benchmarking and testing environment for ASP, we used the systems competition at the Dagstuhl Seminar. The following answer set programming systems participated in that initial competition. -- aspps, University of Kentucky, -- assat, UST Hong Kong, -- cmodels, University of Texas, -- dlv, Technical University of Vienna, -- smodels, Technical University of Helsinki. # A#liated with the School of Computing Science at Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada. The di#culty that emerged right away was that these systems do not have a common input language nor do they agree on all functionalities. This led to the introduction of three di#erent (major) categories of benchmarks: Ground: Ground instances of coded benchmarks. As of now, these ground instances are produced by lparse or by the dlv grounder. These benchmarks can be used to test the performance of ASP solvers accepting as input ground (propositional) programs in output formats of lparse or the dlv
Paul Borchert; Christian Anger; Torsten Schaub; Miroslaw Truszczynski
A Benchmark Simulation for Moist Nonhydrostatic Numerical Models
A benchmark solution that facilitates testing the accuracy, efficiency, and efficacy of moist nonhydrostatic numerical model formulations and assumptions is presented. The solution is created from a special configuration of moist model processes ...
George H. Bryan; J. Michael Fritsch
Benchmarking the Mean Streets of NYC and Beyond
Benchmarking the Mean Streets of NYC and Beyond Speaker(s): Conor Laver Date: September 30, 2013 - 12:00pm - 1:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of Contact: Louis-Benoit...
Building America Research Benchmark Definition: Updated December 2009
The Benchmark represents typical construction at a fixed point in time so it can be used as the basis for Building America's multi-year energy savings goals without chasing a 'moving target.'
Hendron, R.; Engebrecht, C.
The Extreme Benchmark Suite : measuring high-performance embedded systems
The Extreme Benchmark Suite (XBS) is designed to support performance measurement of highly parallel "extreme" processors, many of which are designed to replace custom hardware implementations. XBS is designed to avoid many ...
Gerding, Steven (Steven Bradley)
Evolving e-government benchmarking to better cover technology development and emerging societal needs
Many international e-government benchmarks seek to measure progress towards various versions of a digital society, and in this endeavor include a component of e-government. But because comparable international e-government data are scarce, most reports ... Keywords: United Nations, benchmarking framework, benchmarking tools, benchmarking trends, e-government, technology trends
Kim Andreasson; Jeremy Millard; Mikael Snaprud
Strategies for energy benchmarking in cleanrooms and laboratory-type facilities
benchmark by the actual energy consumption (Figure 4). The effectiveness metrics from multiple buildings
Sartor, Dale; Piette, Mary Ann; Tschudi, William; Fok, Stephen
Oil | Department of Energy
Oil Oil Oil Prices, 2000-2008 For the first time since 1995, U.S. oil production has surpassed imports. Explore the trend with our interactive chart. |...
Benchmark Evaluation of the NRAD Reactor LEU Core Startup Measurements
The Neutron Radiography (NRAD) reactor is a 250-kW TRIGA-(Training, Research, Isotope Production, General Atomics)-conversion-type reactor at the Idaho National Laboratory; it is primarily used for neutron radiography analysis of irradiated and unirradiated fuels and materials. The NRAD reactor was converted from HEU to LEU fuel with 60 fuel elements and brought critical on March 31, 2010. This configuration of the NRAD reactor has been evaluated as an acceptable benchmark experiment and is available in the 2011 editions of the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments (ICSBEP Handbook) and the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments (IRPhEP Handbook). Significant effort went into precisely characterizing all aspects of the reactor core dimensions and material properties; detailed analyses of reactor parameters minimized experimental uncertainties. The largest contributors to the total benchmark uncertainty were the 234U, 236U, Er, and Hf content in the fuel; the manganese content in the stainless steel cladding; and the unknown level of water saturation in the graphite reflector blocks. A simplified benchmark model of the NRAD reactor was prepared with a keff of 1.0012 {+-} 0.0029 (1s). Monte Carlo calculations with MCNP5 and KENO-VI and various neutron cross section libraries were performed and compared with the benchmark eigenvalue for the 60-fuel-element core configuration; all calculated eigenvalues are between 0.3 and 0.8% greater than the benchmark value. Benchmark evaluations of the NRAD reactor are beneficial in understanding biases and uncertainties affecting criticality safety analyses of storage, handling, or transportation applications with LEU-Er-Zr-H fuel.
J. D. Bess; T. L. Maddock; M. A. Marshall
SIMULATE-E benchmarking of pilgrim nuclear power station
The CASMO-SIMULATE-E methodology is bench-marked to qualify its ability to determine power distributions and critical eigenvalues, k/sub eff/. Once the biases and uncertainties in this methodology are quantified, CASMO/SIMULATE-E will be utilized to generate reload fuel patterns and control rod sequences, and to provide operational support for Pilgrim Nuclear Power Station (PNPS). Only the results of the hot SIMULATE-E benchmarking are presented here.
DeWitt, G.L.; Hu, L.C.; Antonopoulos, P.T.
of oil yields from enhanced oil recovery
oil yields from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO oil yields from enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and CO 2 storage capacity in depleted oil reservoirs. The primary goal of the project is to demonstrate that remaining oil can be economically produced using CO 2 -EOR technology in untested areas of the United States. The Citronelle Field appears to be an ideal site for concurrent CO 2 storage and EOR because the field is composed of sandstone reservoirs
EIA Oil price timeline
Crude oil, gasoline, heating oil, diesel, propane, ... Sales, revenue and prices, power plants, fuel use, stocks, generation, trade, demand & emissions.
ESS 2012 Peer Review - Energy Storage Test Pad - David Rose, SNL
Energy Storage Test Pad Energy Storage Test Pad Date 09/28/2012 Name David Rose The author gratefully acknowledges the support of Dr. Imre Gyuk and the Department of Energy's Office of Electricity Delivery & Energy Reliability. Energy Storage Test Pad (ESTP)  Challenge: Unbiased, third party evaluation is a necessary step to bring new technologies to market  The equipment and expertise necessary to perform testing of energy storage systems can be cost prohibitive, especially at the MW level  Approach: Offer third party testing that provides a real picture of how energy storage systems operate  This in turn provides confidence to developers, users and adopters of energy storage  Goal: Utilize infrastructure and expertise at Sandia to perform high value testing of energy storage systems
Financial and Physical Oil Market Linkages II
II II September 27, 2012 Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, D.C. 20585 8:00 a.m. Check-in and coffee break 8:45 a.m. Opening remarks by Administrator and introductions of the participants 9:15 a.m. Morning session 1: Price behavior, benchmark spreads, oil futures market participation and trading activities of commodity index traders and physical traders Paper Title: Physical Market Conditions, Paper Market Activity, and the Brent- WTI Spread * Presenter: Michel Robe, American University and CFTC * Discussant: Lutz Kilian, University of Michigan * Questions, answers and discussions by all participants 10:45 a.m. Coffee break 11:00 a.m. Morning session 2: Speculative components and premium in crude oil prices:
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Investor Investor Flows and the 2008 Boom/Bust in Oil Prices Kenneth J. Singleton 1 August 10, 2011 1 Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, firstname.lastname@example.com. This research is the outgrowth of a survey paper I prepared for the Air Transport Association of America. I am grateful to Kristoffer Laursen for research assistance and to Kristoffer and Stefan Nagel for their comments. Abstract This paper explores the impact of investor flows and financial market conditions on returns in crude-oil futures markets. I begin by arguing that informational frictions and the associated speculative activity may induce prices to drift away from "fundamental" values and show increased volatility. This is followed by a discussion of the interplay between imperfect infor- mation about real economic activity, including supply, demand, and inventory accumulation, and speculative
The Role of Benchmarking in Promoting Strong Energy Management Systems
The significance of formalized energy management practices and programs in driving and sustaining energy efficiency improvements within the industrial sector has become more widely recognized over the past several years. The release of the ISO 50001 energy management standard will also further elevate the role of energy management systems. For over the past 10 years, the US EPA's ENERGY STAR Commercial and Industrial program have focused on promoting and supporting the development of strong corporate management programs. A key aspect of facilitating the establishment of energy management programs has been the development of benchmarking tools that help companies evaluate the energy performance and practices. This paper will examine some of the lessons learned in developing both quantitative and qualitative energy management benchmarking tools and the importance of establishing good energy performance indicators. The paper will examine the pros and cons of different types of quantitative energy performance benchmarks. The value of qualitative benchmarking tools to gauge management practices will also be discussed. Lastly, recommendations for how to further the development energy benchmarks shall be presented.
Tunnessen, W.
Characterization of Computational Grid Resources Using Low-level Benchmarks
An important factor that needs to be taken into account by end-users and systems (schedulers, resource brokers, policy brokers) when mapping applications to the Grid, is the performance capacity of hardware resources attached to the Grid and made available through its Virtual Organizations (VOs). In this paper, we examine the problem of characterizing the performance capacity of Grid resources using benchmarking. We examine the conditions under which such characterization experiments can be implemented in a Grid setting and present the challenges that arise in this context. We specify a small number of performance metrics and propose a suite of micro-benchmarks to estimate these metrics for clusters that belong to large Virtual Organizations. We describe GridBench, a tool developed to administer benchmarking experiments, publish their results, and produce graphical representations of their metrics. We describe benchmarking experiments conducted with, and published through GridBench, and show how they can help end-users assess the performance capacity of resources that belong to a target Virtual Organization. Finally, we examine the advantages of this approach over solutions implemented currently in existing Grid infrastructures. We conclude that it is essential to provide benchmarking services in the Grid infrastructure, in order to enable the attachment of performance-related metadata to resources belonging to Virtual Organizations and the retrieval of such metadata by end-users and other Grid systems. 1
George Tsouloupas; Marios Dikaiakos
WMAP-Compliant Benchmark Surfaces for MSSM Higgs Bosons
We explore `benchmark surfaces' suitable for studying the phenomenology of Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), which are chosen so that the supersymmetric relic density is generally compatible with the range of cold dark matter density preferred by WMAP and other observations. These benchmark surfaces are specified assuming that gaugino masses m_{1/2}, soft trilinear supersymmetry-breaking parameters A_0 and the soft supersymmetry-breaking contributions m_0 to the squark and slepton masses are universal, but not those associated with the Higgs multiplets (the NUHM framework). The benchmark surfaces may be presented as M_A-tan_beta planes with fixed or systematically varying values of the other NUHM parameters, such as m_0, m_{1/2}, A_0 and the Higgs mixing parameter mu. We discuss the prospects for probing experimentally these benchmark surfaces at the Tevatron collider, the LHC, the ILC, in B physics and in direct dark-matter detection experiments. An Appendix documents developments in the FeynHiggs code that enable the user to explore for her/himself the WMAP-compliant benchmark surfaces.
J. Ellis; T. Hahn; S. Heinemeyer; K. A. Olive; G. Weiglein
Propane Prices Influenced by Crude Oil and Natural Gas
6 6 Notes: Propane prices have been high this year for several reasons. Propane usually follows crude oil prices more closely than natural gas prices. As crude oil prices rose beginning in 1999, propane has followed. In addition, some early cold weather this year put extra pressure on prices. However, more recently, the highly unusual surge in natural gas prices affected propane supply and drove propane prices up. Propane comes from two sources of supply: refineries and natural gas processing plants. The very high natural gas prices made it more economic for refineries to use the propane they normally produce and sell than to buy natural gas. The gas processing plants found it more economic to leave propane in the natural gas streams than to extract it for sale separately.
Multiple-code benchmark simulation study of coupled THMC processes in the excavation disturbed zone associated with geological nuclear waste repositories
MULTIPLE-CODE BENCHMARK SIMULATION STUDY OF COUPLED THMCinternational, multiple-code benchmark test (BMT) study isinternational, multiple-model benchmark test (BMT) study of
Criticality benchmark comparisons leading to cross-section upgrades
For several years criticality benchmark calculations with COG. COG is a point-wise Monte Carlo code developed at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). It solves the Boltzmann equation for the transport of neutrons and photons. The principle consideration in developing COG was that the resulting calculation would be as accurate as the point-wise cross-sectional data, since no physics computational approximations were used. The objective of this paper is to report on COG results for criticality benchmark experiments in concert with MCNP comparisons which are resulting in corrections an upgrades to the point-wise ENDL cross-section data libraries. Benchmarking discrepancies reported here indicated difficulties in the Evaluated Nuclear Data Livermore (ENDL) cross-sections for U-238 at thermal neutron energy levels. This led to a re-evaluation and selection of the appropriate cross-section values from several cross-section sets available (ENDL, ENDF/B-V). Further cross-section upgrades anticipated.
Alesso, H.P.; Annese, C.E.; Heinrichs, D.P.; Lloyd, W.R.; Lent, E.M.
Building America Research Benchmark Definition, Updated December 15, 2006
To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, DOE's Residential Buildings Program and NREL developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidelines (RESNET 2002), with additional definitions that allow the analyst to evaluate all residential end-uses, an extension of the traditional HERS rating approach that focuses on space conditioning and hot water. Unlike the reference homes used for HERS, EnergyStar, and most energy codes, the Benchmark represents typical construction at a fixed point in time so it can be used as the basis for Building America's multi-year energy savings goals without the complication of chasing a ''moving target''.
Hendron, R.
Robust Extraction of Tomographic Information via Randomized Benchmarking
We describe how randomized benchmarking can be used to reconstruct the unital part of any trace-preserving quantum map, which in turn is sufficient for the full characterization of any unitary evolution, or more generally, any unital trace-preserving evolution. This approach inherits randomized benchmarking's robustness to preparation and measurement imperfections, therefore avoiding systematic errors caused by these imperfections. We also extend these techniques to efficiently estimate the average fidelity of a quantum map to unitary maps outside of the Clifford group. The unitaries we consider include operations commonly used to achieve universal quantum computation in a fault-tolerant setting. In addition, we rigorously bound the time and sampling complexities of randomized benchmarking procedures.
Shelby Kimmel; Marcus P. da Silva; Colm A. Ryan; Blake R. Johnson; Thomas Ohki
VENUS-F: A fast lead critical core for benchmarking
The zero-power thermal neutron water-moderated facility VENUS at SCK-CEN has been extensively used for benchmarking in the past. In accordance with GEN-IV design tasks (fast reactor systems and accelerator driven systems), the VENUS facility was modified in 2007-2010 into the fast neutron facility VENUS-F with solid core components. This paper introduces the projects GUINEVERE and FREYA, which are being conducted at the VENUS-F facility, and it presents the measurement results obtained at the first critical core. Throughout the projects other fast lead benchmarks also will be investigated. The measurement results of the different configurations can all be used as fast neutron benchmarks. (authors)
Kochetkov, A.; Wagemans, J.; Vittiglio, G. [SCK.CEN, Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol (Belgium)
Current Reactor Physics Benchmark Activities at the Idaho National Laboratory
The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) [1] and the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) [2] were established to preserve integral reactor physics and criticality experiment data for present and future research. These valuable assets provide the basis for recording, developing, and validating our integral nuclear data, and experimental and computational methods. These projects are managed through the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) and the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD-NEA). Staff and students at the Department of Energy - Idaho (DOE-ID) and INL are engaged in the development of benchmarks to support ongoing research activities. These benchmarks include reactors or assemblies that support Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) research, space nuclear Fission Surface Power System (FSPS) design validation, and currently operational facilities in Southeastern Idaho.
John D. Bess; Margaret A. Marshall; Mackenzie L. Gorham; Joseph Christensen; James C. Turnbull; Kim Clark
Building America Research Benchmark Definition, Updated December 29, 2004
To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Residential Buildings Program and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams. The Benchmark is generally consistent with mid-1990s standard practice, as reflected in the Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Technical Guidelines (RESNET 2002), with additional definitions that allow the analyst to evaluate all residential end-uses, an extension of the traditional HERS rating approach that focuses on space conditioning and hot water. A series of user profiles, intended to represent the behavior of a ''standard'' set of occupants, was created for use in conjunction with the Benchmark.
Benchmarking Variable Cost Performance in an Industrial Power Plant
One of the most perplexing problems for industrial power plants committed to improving competitiveness is measuring variable cost performance over time. Because variable costs like fuel and electricity represent the overwhelming majority of power plant expenses, it is imperative to develop and deploy a tool that can help plants benchmark operating performance. This paper introduces a benchmarking methodology designed to meet this need. The "Energy Conversion Index" (ECI) ratios the "value" of utilities exported from the power plant to the actual cost of the fuel and electricity required to produce them, generating a single number or "index." Variable cost performance is benchmarked by comparing the index from one period of time to the index of another comparable period of time. Savings (or costs) attributable to excellent (or poor) performance can easily be calculated by using the former period's index to project the current period's cost.
Kane, J. F.; Bailey, W. F.
Benchmarking Building Performance & the Australian Building Greenhouse
Benchmarking Building Performance & the Australian Building Greenhouse Benchmarking Building Performance & the Australian Building Greenhouse Rating Scheme Speaker(s): Paul Bannister Date: August 21, 2006 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Stephen Selkowitz (Two topics): Benchmarking Building Performance: In a variety of voluntary and regulatory initiatives around the globe, including the introduction of the European Building Performance Directive, the question of how to assess the performance of commercial buildings has become a critical issue. There are presently a number of initiatives for the assessment of actual building performance internationally, including in particular US Energy Star Buildings rating tools and the Australian Building Greenhouse Rating scheme. These schemes seek to assess building energy performance on the
System Utilization Benchmark on the Cray T3E
Utilization Benchmark on the Cray T3E Utilization Benchmark on the Cray T3E and IBM SP Adrian Wong, Leonid Oliker, William Kramer, Teresa Kaltz, and David Bailey National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Rd, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA {atwong, loliker, wtkramer, tlkaltz, firstname.lastname@example.com Abstract. Obtaining maximum utilization of parallel systems continues to be an active area of research and development. This article outlines a new benchmark, called the Eflectiwe System Performance (ESP) test, designed to provide a utilization metric that is transferable between sys- tems and illuminate the effects of various scheduling parameters. Results with discussion are presented for the Cray T3E and IBM SP systems to- gether with insights obtained from simulation.
Energy Information Services to Energy Information Services to Benchmark with ENERGY STAR ® Tracking Building Energy Performance Tracking a building's energy performance provides a building owner or manager with critical knowledge to make improvements to the building's operations and reduce energy consumption. Energy information services offer a variety of ways to help companies obtain and organize this valuable energy information. Energy information service providers that have partnered with ENERGY STAR offer an additional tool to assess the energy performance of buildings: automated benchmarking. ENERGY STAR is the national symbol for saving the environment through energy efficiency, recognized by more than 65 percent of the American public. Automated benchmarking allows energy information service providers to provide their customers with ENERGY STAR
Interest in high-quality integral benchmark data is increasing as efforts to quantify and reduce calculational uncertainties accelerate to meet the demands of next generation reactor and advanced fuel cycle concepts. The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) and the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) continue to expand their efforts and broaden their scope to identify, evaluate, and provide integral benchmark data for method and data validation. Benchmark model specifications provided by these two projects are used heavily by the international reactor physics, nuclear data, and criticality safety communities. Thus far, 14 countries have contributed to the IRPhEP, and 20 have contributed to the ICSBEP. The status of the IRPhEP and ICSBEP is discussed in this paper, and the future of the two projects is outlined and discussed. Selected benchmarks that have been added to the IRPhEP and ICSBEP handbooks since PHYSOR'06 are highlighted, and the future of the two projects is discussed.
J. Blair Briggs; Lori Scott; Enrico Sartori; Yolanda Rugama
25. anniversary of the 1973 oil embargo: Energy trends since the first major U.S. energy crisis
The purpose of this publication is not to assess the causes of the 1973 energy crisis or the measures that were adopted to resolve it. The intent is to present some data on which such analyses can be based. Many of the trends presented here fall into two distinct periods. From 1973 to the mid-1980`s, prices continued at very high levels, in part because of a second oil shock in 1979--80. During this period, rapid progress was made in raising American oil production, reducing dependence on oil imports, and improving end-use efficiency. After the oil price collapse of the mid-1980`s, however, prices retreated to more moderate levels, the pace of efficiency gains slowed, American oil production fell, and the share of imports rose. 30 figs.
Complex buildings such as laboratories, data centers and cleanrooms present particular challenges for energy benchmarking because it is difficult to normalize special requirements such as health and safety in laboratories and reliability (i.e., system redundancy to maintain uptime) in data centers which significantly impact energy use. For example, air change requirements vary widely based on the type of work being performed in each laboratory space. We present methods and tools for energy benchmarking in laboratories, as an exemplar of a complex building type. First, we address whole building energy metrics and normalization parameters. We present empirical methods based on simple data filtering as well as multivariate regression analysis on the Labs21 database. The regression analysis showed lab type, lab-area ratio and occupancy hours to be significant variables. Yet the dataset did not allow analysis of factors such as plug loads and air change rates, both of which are critical to lab energy use. The simulation-based method uses an EnergyPlus model to generate a benchmark energy intensity normalized for a wider range of parameters. We suggest that both these methods have complementary strengths and limitations. Second, we present"action-oriented" benchmarking, which extends whole-building benchmarking by utilizing system-level features and metrics such as airflow W/cfm to quickly identify a list of potential efficiency actions which can then be used as the basis for a more detailed audit. While action-oriented benchmarking is not an"audit in a box" and is not intended to provide the same degree of accuracy afforded by an energy audit, we demonstrate how it can be used to focus and prioritize audit activity and track performance at the system level. We conclude with key principles that are more broadly applicable to other complex building types.
Mathew, Paul A.; Clear, Robert; Kircher, Kevin; Webster, Tom; Lee, Kwang Ho; Hoyt, Tyler
Oil price; oil demand shocks; oil supply shocks; dynamic effects.
Abstract: Using a newly developed measure of global real economic activity, a structural decomposition of the real price of crude oil in four components is proposed: oil supply shocks driven by political events in OPEC countries; other oil supply shocks; aggregate shocks to the demand for industrial commodities; and demand shocks that are specific to the crude oil market. The latter shock is designed to capture shifts in the price of oil driven by higher precautionary demand associated with fears about future oil supplies. The paper quantifies the magnitude and timing of these shocks, their dynamic effects on the real price of oil and their relative importance in determining the real price of oil during 1975-2005. The analysis sheds light on the origin of the observed fluctuations in oil prices, in particular during oil price shocks. For example, it helps gauge the relative importance of these shocks in the build-up of the real price of crude oil since the late 1990s. Distinguishing between the sources of higher oil prices is shown to be crucial in assessing the effect of higher oil prices on U.S. real GDP and CPI inflation, suggesting that policies aimed at dealing with higher oil prices must take careful account of the origins of higher oil prices. The paper also quantifies the extent to which the macroeconomic performance of the U.S. since the mid-1970s has been driven by the external economic shocks driving the real price of oil as opposed to domestic economic factors and policies. Key words: JEL:
Lutz Kilian
ENERGY STAR Building Upgrade Manual Chapter 2: Benchmarking | ENERGY STAR
2: Benchmarking 2: Benchmarking Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories Target Finder Technical documentation
Shear Strength Measurement Benchmarking Tests for K Basin Sludge Simulants
Equipment development and demonstration testing for sludge retrieval is being conducted by the K Basin Sludge Treatment Project (STP) at the MASF (Maintenance and Storage Facility) using sludge simulants. In testing performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (under contract with the CH2M Hill Plateau Remediation Company), the performance of the Geovane instrument was successfully benchmarked against the M5 Haake rheometer using a series of simulants with shear strengths (?) ranging from about 700 to 22,000 Pa (shaft corrected). Operating steps for obtaining consistent shear strength measurements with the Geovane instrument during the benchmark testing were refined and documented.
Burns, Carolyn A.; Daniel, Richard C.; Enderlin, Carl W.; Luna, Maria; Schmidt, Andrew J.
Benchmarking and Disclosure: Lessons from Leading Cities | ENERGY STAR
Benchmarking and Disclosure: Lessons from Leading Cities Benchmarking and Disclosure: Lessons from Leading Cities Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources
Building Energy Use Benchmarking Guidance | ENERGY STAR Buildings & Plants
Use Benchmarking Guidance Use Benchmarking Guidance Secondary menu About us Press room Contact Us Portfolio Manager Login Facility owners and managers Existing buildings Commercial new construction Industrial energy management Small business Service providers Service and product providers Verify applications for ENERGY STAR certification Design commercial buildings Energy efficiency program administrators Commercial and industrial program sponsors Associations State and local governments Federal agencies Tools and resources Training In This Section Campaigns Commercial building design Communications resources Energy management guidance Financial resources Portfolio Manager Products and purchasing Recognition Research and reports Service and product provider (SPP) resources Success stories Target Finder
BOE Reserve Class BOE Reserve Class No 2001 reserves 0.1 - 10 MBOE 10.1 - 100 MBOE 100.1 - 1,000 MBOE 1,000.1 - 10,000 MBOE 10,000.1 - 100,000 MBOE > 100,000 MBOE Basin Outline ID The mapped oil and gas field boundary outlines were created by the Reserves and Production Division, Office of Oil and Gas, Energy Information Administration pursuant to studies required by Section 604 of the Energy Policy and Conservation Act Amendments of 2000 (P.L. 106-469). The boundaries are not informed by subsurface structural information. The data and methods used in their creation are detailed in a report, "Scientific Inventory of Onshore Federal Lands' Oil and Gas Resources and Reserves and the Extent and Nature of Restrictions to Their Development", prepared by the US Departments of Interior, Agriculture and Energy.
Nondestructive analysis of oil shales with PGNAA technique
The feasibility of nondestructive analysis of oil shales using the prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) technique was studied. The PGNAA technique, developed originally for continuous analysis of coal on the belt, was applied to the analysis of eight oil-shale samples, containing between 9 and 60 gallons of oil per ton and 0.8% to 3.4% hydrogen. The PGNAA technique was modified using four neutron moderation conditions: non-moderated neutrons; non-moderated and partially moderated neutrons reflected from a water box behind the source; neutrons moderated in a water box behind and in front of the source; and neutrons strongly moderated in a polyethylene block placed in front of the source and with reflected neutrons from a water box behind the source. The studied oil shales were measured in their aluminum or wooden (masonite) boxes. The obtained Ge-Li spectra were processed by LSI-11/23 computer, using the modified programs previously developed by SAI for continuous coal analysis. The results of such processing (the peak areas for several gamma lines) were corrected and plotted against the weight percent of each analyzed element (from the chemical analysis). Response curves developed for H, C, N, S, Na, Mg, Al, Si, Ti, Ca, Fe and K show generally good linear proportions of peak area to the weight percent of the element. For hydrogen determination, NMD conditions had to be used where the response curve was not linear, but followed a curve whose slope rose with hydrogen concentration. This effect is caused by improving neutron self-moderation in sample boxes of rich oil shales, as compared to poor self-moderation of neutrons in very lean oil shales. The moisture in oil shales was measured by microwave absorption technique in small masonite boxes. This method was calibrated four times using oil-shale samples mixed gradually with larger and larger amounts of water.
Maly, J.; Bozorgmanesh, H.
Design Methodology for Development of Behavioral Synthesis Generic and Synthetic Benchmarks
The importance of benchmarking as an essential methodology in evaluating and comparing digital systems synthesis tools is well established. Equally well are the limitations of the majority of current benchmarks recognized. Our primary goal is to lay out the theoretically and statistically sound foundations for addressing the key issues related to the selection of generic benchmarks and the synthesis and analysis of statistical synthetic benchmarks. The methodology for the synthetic benchmark generation uses as an intermediate step the methodology for the generic benchmark selection. The benefits of our methodology for the generic benchmark selection are: (1) it provides the sound statistical foundations for the generic benchmark selection, (2) it establishes the fact that the development of a generic benchmark is a well-defined optimization problem. The advantages of the statistical synthetic benchmarks over the generic benchmarks include: (1) having an unlimited supply of synthetic design examples, (2) obtaining the real-life like design examples which suit a particular design or analysis need, (3) having a test set which better fits all available real-life design examples. Due to the fact that the synthetic benchmark generation is based on the generic benchmark selection, the entire process of the generic and synthetic benchmark development is in sequence. It consists of the following five-stages: (1) collecting and analyzing real life design examples, (2) extracting and selecting the relevant properties that are used to specify designs, (3) deriving a generic benchmark set from the real life design examples, (4) developing the synthetic benchmark generator, and (5) constructing a synthetic benchmark set for the current applications or the future applications based ...
Hm Ar Ks
Understanding Crude Oil Prices
by the residual quantity of oil that never gets produced.order to purchase a quantity Q barrels of oil at a price P tD t Q t Q t+1 Quantity Figure 5. Monthly oil production for
Hamilton, James Douglas
World Production of Crude Oil, NGPL, and Other Liquids, andWorld Production of Crude Oil, NGPL, and Other Liquids, andProduction of Crude Oil, NGPL, and Other Liquids, and Re?
2004. "OPEC's Optimal Crude Oil Price," Energy Policy 32(2),percent change in real oil price. Figure 3. Price of crude023 Understanding Crude Oil Prices James D. Hamilton June
China's Global Oil Strategy
is an important oil source for China, yet unlike itsthe United States as a major oil source outside the volatileto be a critical source of oil, and one that is almost
Thomas, Bryan G
Natural Gas, Heating Oil and Gasoline," NBER Working Paper.2006. "China's Growing Demand for Oil and Its Impact on U.S.and Income on Energy and Oil Demand," Energy Journal 23(1),
Oil Spills and Wildlife
Oil Spills and Wildlife Name: jess Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: what are some effects of oil spills on plants? Replies: The effects of oil spills over the last...
Michael T. Klare, Blood and Oil: The Dangers of America'sDowns and Jeffrey A. Bader, "Oil-Hungry China Belongs at BigChina, Africa, and Oil," (Council on Foreign Relations,
2004. "OPEC's Optimal Crude Oil Price," Energy Policy 32(2),Figure 3. Price of crude oil contract maturing December ofbarrels per day. Monthly crude oil production Iran Iraq
Reduce Oil Dependence Costs
Reduce Oil Dependence Costs U.S. Petroleum Use, 1970-2010 Nearly 40% of the oil we use is imported, costing us roughly 300 billion annually. Increased domestic oil production from...
interpretations of China's foreign oil strategy. Argumentsof aspects of China's foreign oil activities, they do notits largest directly-run foreign oil project. Supplying 10
nations began to seek out oil reserves around the world. 3on the limited global oil reserves and spiking prices. Manyto the largest proven oil reserves, making up 61 percent of
How Does Your Data Center Measure Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data Center Infrastructure Systems
Up? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data CenterUp? Energy Efficiency Metrics and Benchmarks for Data CenterHigh Med/High Figure 4. Benchmarks for Return Temperature
Evaluation of Plutonium Hemisphere Critical Experiments Partially Reflected by Steel and Oil
A series of 15 critical experiments performed at the Rocky Flats Critical Mass Laboratory in the late 1960s were evaluated and then determined to represent acceptable benchmark experiments for the validation of calculational methods. This series of experiments was part of a larger set of experiments performed to evaluate operational safety margins at the Rocky Flats Plant. The experiments consisted of bare plutonium metal hemishells reflected by steel hemishells of increasing thickness and motor oil. The hemishell assembly was suspended within dual aluminum tanks. Criticality was achieved by pumping oil into the tanks such that effectively infinite reflection was achieved in all directions except directly above the assembly; then the critical oil height was recorded. The results of these experiments had been initially ignored because early computational methods had been inadequate to analyze partially-reflected configurations. The dominant uncertainties include the uncertainty in the average plutonium density and the composition of materials in the gaps between the plutonium hemishells. Simple and detailed benchmark models were developed. Eigenvalue calculations using MCNP5 and ENDF/B-VII.0 were within 2s of the benchmark values. This benchmark evaluation has been added to the ICSBEP Handbook.
John D. Bess
Molten Salt Synthesis and High Rate Performance of the ''Desert-Rose'' form of LiCoO2
The synthesis of a novel nanostructure of LiCoO{sub 2}, and its performance as a cathode for a high-rate lithium ion battery, is described. The LiCoO{sub 2} nanostructure resembles the morphology of a known natural mineral: 'desert rose' gypsum. A range of measurement techniques are used to investigate the growth mechanism of this structure and the origin of its high rate charge/discharge properties.
H Chen; C Grey
Knowledge Benchmarks in Adversarial Mechanism Design and Implementation in Surviving Strategies (Part I)
We put forward new benchmarks and solution concepts for Adversarial Mechanism Design, as defined by [MV07.a], and we exemplify them in the case of truly combinatorial auctions.We benchmark the combined performance (the sum ...
Chen, Jing
Knowledge Benchmarks in Adversarial Mechanism Design (Part I) and Implementation in Surviving Strategies (Part I)
Longwave 3D Benchmarks for Inhomogeneous Clouds and Comparisons with Approximate Methods
The purpose of this study is twofold: to (i) establish three-dimensional (3D) longwave radiative transfer benchmarks for inhomogeneous cloud fields and (ii) compare the results with three approximate, 1D methods. The benchmark results are ...
George P. Kablick III; Robert G. Ellingson; Ezra E. Takara; Jlujing Gu
China's domestic oil supply will peak, and demand Robertpeak will come around 2020, 24 and that by this point, China's demand Oil
5. Monthly oil production for Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait, inday. Monthly crude oil production Iran Iraq Kuwait Figure 6.Arabia PRODUCTION QUOTA Iran PRODUCTION QUOTA Venezuela
Crude Oil Affects Gasoline Prices
Crude Oil Affects Gasoline Prices. WTI Crude Oil Price. Retail Gasoline Price. Source: Energy Information Administration
A mixed transaction processing and operational reporting benchmark
The importance of reporting is ever increasing in today's fast-paced market environments and the availability of up-to-date information for reporting has become indispensable. Current reporting systems are separated from the online transaction processing ... Keywords: Benchmarking, Mixed workload, OLTP, Operational reporting
Anja Bog; Hasso Plattner; Alexander Zeier
Complex version of high performance computing LINPACK benchmark (HPL)
This paper describes our effort to enhance the performance of the AORSA fusion energy simulation program through the use of high-performance LINPACK (HPL) benchmark, commonly used in ranking the top 500 supercomputers. The algorithm used by HPL, enhanced ... Keywords: HPL, parallel dense solver
R. F. Barrett; T. H. F. Chan; E. F. D'Azevedo; E. F. Jaeger; K. Wong; R. Y. Wong
Benchmarking telecoms regulation - The Telecommunications Regulatory Governance Index (TRGI)
In this study an index of the effectiveness of the institutional design of telecommunication regulators for 142 countries that belong to the International Telecommunications Union is produced. This index - the Telecommunications Regulatory Governance ... Keywords: Benchmarking, Country-wide governance, Telecoms regulation
Leonard Waverman; Pantelis Koutroumpis
Air Ingress Benchmarking with Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis
Temperature Reactor Technology Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Friendship Hotel, Haidian by a CFD benchmarking program based on experimental work performed by JAERI (Japanese Atomic Energy Energy Research Institute) had been set up to study the ingress of air into the core as a result
A significant experimental program was conducted in the early Hanford reactors to understand the reactor production of actinides. These experiments were conducted with sufficient rigor, in some cases, to provide useful information that can be utilized today in development of benchmark experiments that may be used for the validation of present computer codes for the production of these actinides in low enriched uranium fuel.
Building America Research Benchmark Definition: Updated December 19, 2008
To track progress toward aggressive multi-year whole-house energy savings goals of 40-70% and onsite power production of up to 30%, DOE's Residential Buildings Program and NREL developed the Building America Research Benchmark in consultation with the Building America industry teams.
Roberts: Reconfigurable Platform for Benchmarking Real-time Systems
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London, UK p-time properties and energy consumption. The benchmarking takes into account system workload and environmental-test, and with support for on-line monitoring of the response time, output values and energy consumption. The proposed
Luk, Wayne
Terry Sharp, P.E. Building Performance Benchmarking
Terry Sharp, P.E. Building Performance Benchmarking 3rd U.S. Army Energy Workshop January 25-26, 2007 EPA Energy Star Program and Energy Data Normalization Oak Ridge National Laboratory #12;Why You Should Care · Energy Star tools enable you to take Strategic Energy Management to a new level · Energy
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Steam Generator Automated Eddy Current Data Analysis: A Benchmarking Study
This benchmarking study informs utility nondestructive evaluation (NDE) engineers of the status of automating analysis of data from steam generator tube eddy current testing. Study results will contribute to a detailed plan for continuing development of automated data analysis system processes. One day, automated data analysis will provide utilities with a consistent, accurate, and cost-effective method of analyzing eddy current inspection data.
Technology Management Benchmark Study - Phase 2: Volume 2 - Detailed Report
EPRI and eleven U.S. domestic power companies participated in a benchmark study of the most successful technology management practices of leading non-utility companies. This report contains the detailed findings of the Technology Management Best Practices Study -- Phase 2 conducted from July 2001 to May 2002.
Benchmark Data Through The International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPHEP)
The International Reactor Physics Experiments Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was initiated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Nuclear Energy Agency's (NEA) Nuclear Science Committee (NSC) in June of 2002. The IRPhEP focus is on the derivation of internationally peer reviewed benchmark models for several types of integral measurements, in addition to the critical configuration. While the benchmarks produced by the IRPhEP are of primary interest to the Reactor Physics Community, many of the benchmarks can be of significant value to the Criticality Safety and Nuclear Data Communities. Benchmarks that support the Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP), for example, also support fuel manufacture, handling, transportation, and storage activities and could challenge current analytical methods. The IRPhEP is patterned after the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and is closely coordinated with the ICSBEP. This paper highlights the benchmarks that are currently being prepared by the IRPhEP that are also of interest to the Criticality Safety Community. The different types of measurements and associated benchmarks that can be expected in the first publication and beyond are described. The protocol for inclusion of IRPhEP benchmarks as ICSBEP benchmarks and for inclusion of ICSBEP benchmarks as IRPhEP benchmarks is detailed. The format for IRPhEP benchmark evaluations is described as an extension of the ICSBEP format. Benchmarks produced by the IRPhEP add new dimension to criticality safety benchmarking efforts and expand the collection of available integral benchmarks for nuclear data testing. The first publication of the "International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments" is scheduled for January of 2006.
J. Blair Briggs; Dr. Enrico Sartori
Biochemically enhanced oil recovery and oil treatment
This invention relates to the preparation of new, modified organisms, through challenge growth processes, that are viable in the extreme temperature, pressure and pH conditions and salt concentrations of an oil reservoir and that are suitable for use in microbial enhanced oil recovery. The modified microorganisms of the present invention are used to enhance oil recovery and remove sulfur compounds and metals from the crude oil. 62 figures.
Premuzic, E.T.; Lin, M.
This invention relates to the preparation of new, modified organisms, through challenge growth processes, that are viable in the extreme temperature, pressure and pH conditions and salt concentrations of an oil reservoir and that are suitable for use in microbial enhanced oil recovery. The modified microorganisms of the present invention are used to enhance oil recovery and remove sulfur compounds and metals from the crude oil.
Premuzic, Eugene T. (East Moriches, NY); Lin, Mow (Rocky Point, NY)
Windows and Linux Robustness Benchmarks With Respect to Application Erroneous Behavior
Windows and Linux Robustness Benchmarks With Respect to Application Erroneous Behavior Karama of benchmark results obtained for various versions of Windows and Linux operating systems. The benchmark, Karama Kanoun et Lisa Spainhower (Ed.) (2008) 227-254" #12;Kanoun et al. Windows and Linux Robustness
The GreenIT DC-benchmarking tool: from scientific theory to real life
Energy efficiency is one of the topics in achieving the goal of reducing the CO2 output in the next years. Data centers (DC) are big polluters. GreenIT DC-Benchmarking is the first neutral benchmarking tool that shows the specific energy and ... Keywords: data center benchmarking, energy consumption, energy efficiency & monitoring, key performance indicator, power usage effectiveness (PUE)
Ywes Israel; Thomas Leitert
Subject is oil shale
The article reviews the current financial, legislative and regulatory problems of oil shale development. 2 refs.
Due, M.J.C.
Eco Oil 4
This article describes the processes, challenges, and achievements of researching and developing a biobased motor oil.
Brett Earl; Brenda Clark
Oil Oil Oil Oil Prices, 2000-2008 For the first time since 1995, U.S. oil production has surpassed imports. Explore the trend with our interactive chart. | Graphic by Daniel Wood, Energy Department. For the first time since 1995, U.S. oil production has surpassed imports. Explore the trend with our interactive chart. | Graphic by Daniel Wood, Energy Department. Oil is used for heating and transportation -- most notably, as fuel for gas-powered vehicles. America's dependence on foreign oil has declined in recent years, but oil prices have increased. The Energy Department supports research and policy options to increase our domestic supply of oil while ensuring environmentally sustainable supplies domestically and abroad, and is investing in research, technology and
Oil Dependencies and Peak Oil's Effects on Oil Consumption.
?? During the year of 2007, the world has experienced historically high oil prices both in nominal and in real terms, which has reopened discussions… (more)
Tekin, Josef
Non-OPEC oil supply gains to outpace demand in 1997
Rising oil supplies in 1997 will relax some of the market tightness that drove up crude prices last year. Worldwide demand for petroleum products in 1996 rose faster than anticipated and faster than supply from outside the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. This increased demand for OPEC oil and pushed up prices for crude. At year end, the world export price of crude was up more than 25% from the same period a year earlier. Market conditions will change in 1997. While worldwide economic growth will continue to boost demand for energy and petroleum, non-OPEC petroleum supply will grow even more. Increases in North Sea and Latin American production will help boost non-OPEC output by 1.9 million b/d. And revenues from 1996 production gains will make additional investment possible in exploration and production. The paper discusses world economic growth, world oil demand, worldwide supply, supply outlook, prices and international drilling.
Beck, R.J.
High-quality integral benchmark experiments have always been a priority for criticality safety. However, interest in integral benchmark data is increasing as efforts to quantify and reduce calculational uncertainties accelerate to meet the demands of future criticality safety needs to support next generation reactor and advanced fuel cycle concepts. The importance of drawing upon existing benchmark data is becoming more apparent because of dwindling availability of critical facilities worldwide and the high cost of performing new experiments. Integral benchmark data from the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments and the International Handbook of Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments are widely used. Benchmark data have been added to these two handbooks since the last Nuclear Criticality Safety Division Topical Meeting in Knoxville, Tennessee (September 2005). This paper highlights these additions.
J. Blair Briggs; Lori Scott; Yolanda Rugama; Enrico Sartori
ROSE::FTTransform - A Source-to-Source Translation Framework for Exascale Fault-Tolerance Research
Exascale computing systems will require sufficient resilience to tolerate numerous types of hardware faults while still assuring correct program execution. Such extreme-scale machines are expected to be dominated by processors driven at lower voltages (near the minimum 0.5 volts for current transistors). At these voltage levels, the rate of transient errors increases dramatically due to the sensitivity to transient and geographically localized voltage drops on parts of the processor chip. To achieve power efficiency, these processors are likely to be streamlined and minimal, and thus they cannot be expected to handle transient errors entirely in hardware. Here we present an open, compiler-based framework to automate the armoring of High Performance Computing (HPC) software to protect it from these types of transient processor errors. We develop an open infrastructure to support research work in this area, and we define tools that, in the future, may provide more complete automated and/or semi-automated solutions to support software resiliency on future exascale architectures. Results demonstrate that our approach is feasible, pragmatic in how it can be separated from the software development process, and reasonably efficient (0% to 30% overhead for the Jacobi iteration on common hardware; and 20%, 40%, 26%, and 2% overhead for a randomly selected subset of benchmarks from the Livermore Loops [1]).
Lidman, J; Quinlan, D; Liao, C; McKee, S
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Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook
Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Outlook Briefing for the State Heating Oil and Propane Program Conference Asheville, NC Mike Burdette Petroleum Division, Energy ...
Table of Contents. Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook. Short-Term World Oil Price Forecast . Price Movements Related to Supply/Demand Balance
Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook Briefing for the State Heating Oil and Propane Program Conference Wilmington, DE by Douglas MacIntyre
Benchmarking and Performance Based Rating System for Commercial Buildings
Benchmarking and Performance Based Rating System for Commercial Buildings Benchmarking and Performance Based Rating System for Commercial Buildings in India Speaker(s): Saket Sarraf Date: May 4, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Girish Ghatikar The Indian building sector has witnessed huge surge in interest in energy performance in the last decade. The 'intention' based codes like the national Energy Conservation Building Code (ECBC) and green building rating systems such as Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED-India) and Green Rating for Integrated Habitat Assessment (GRIHA) have been the prime mechanisms to design and assess energy efficient buildings. However, they do not rate the 'achieved' energy performance of buildings over time or reward their performance through a continuous evaluation process.
Providing Nuclear Criticality Safety Analysis Education through Benchmark Experiment Evaluation
One of the challenges that today's new workforce of nuclear criticality safety engineers face is the opportunity to provide assessment of nuclear systems and establish safety guidelines without having received significant experience or hands-on training prior to graduation. Participation in the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and/or the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) provides students and young professionals the opportunity to gain experience and enhance critical engineering skills.
John D. Bess; J. Blair Briggs; David W. Nigg
Multipole Analysis of a Benchmark Data Set for Pion Photoproduction
We have fitted low- and medium-energy benchmark datasets employing methods used in the MAID/SAID and dynamical model analyses. Independent fits from the Mainz, RPI, Yerevan, and Kharkov groups have also been performed over the low-energy region. Results for the multipole amplitudes are compared in order to gauge the model-dependence of such fits, given identical data and a single method for error handling.
R. A. Arndt; I. Aznauryan; R. M. Davidson; D. Drechsel; O. Hanstein; S. S. Kamalov; A. S. Omelaenko; I. Strakovsky; L. Tiator; R. L. Workman; S. N. Yang
Snowmass Benchmark Points and Three-Loop Running
We present the full three-loop beta-functions for the MSSM generalised to include additional matter multiplets in 5, 10 representations of SU(5). We analyse in detail the effect of three-loop running on the sparticle spectrum for the MSSM Snowmass Benchmark Points. We also consider the effect on these spectra of additional matter multiplets (the semi-perturbative unification scenario).
I. Jack; D. R. T. Jones; A. F. Kord
Randomized benchmarking of atomic qubits in an optical lattice
We perform randomized benchmarking on neutral atomic quantum bits (qubits) confined in an optical lattice. Single qubit gates are implemented using microwaves, resulting in a measured error per randomized computational gate of 1.4(1) x 10^-4 that is dominated by the system T2 relaxation time. The results demonstrate the robustness of the system, and its viability for more advanced quantum information protocols.
S. Olmschenk; R. Chicireanu; K. D. Nelson; J. V. Porto
Optimal design and quantum benchmarks for coherent state amplifiers
We establish the ultimate quantum limits to the amplification of an unknown coherent state, both in the deterministic and probabilistic case, investigating the realistic scenario where the expected photon number is finite. In addition, we provide the benchmark that experimental realizations have to surpass in order to beat all classical amplification strategies and to demonstrate genuine quantum amplification. Our result guarantees that a successful demonstration is in principle possible for every finite value of the expected photon number.
Giulio Chiribella; Jinyu Xie
Benchmark calculations for electron collisions with zinc atoms
We present results from R-matrix (close-coupling) calculations for elastic scattering and electron impact excitation of Zn. The overall agreement between the predictions from two independent models, using either a semiempirical core potential or a recently developed B-spline approach with nonorthogonal orbitals, is very satisfactory. The latter method, however, yields particularly good agreement with the few existing experimental benchmark data for resonances at low incident energies.
Zatsarinny, Oleg; Bartschat, Klaus [Department of Physics and Astronomy, Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa 50311 (United States)
Clean Critical Experiment Benchmarks for Plutonium Recycle in LWRs
Government laboratories and private industry in the U.S. and in other countries have carried out or initiated programs to study and evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of recycling plutonium. The experimental measurements program provides benchmark neutronics data for use in assessing the accuracy of neutronics analysis methods for slightly enriched uranium lattices and for mixed oxide lattices. The lattice pitches were selected to provide configurations that were undermoderated, near optimum...
The benchmark of gutzwiller density functional theory in hydrogen systems
We propose an approximate form of the exchange-correlation energy functional for the Gutzwiller density functional theory. It satisfies certain physical constraints in both weak and strong electron correlation limits. We benchmark the Gutzwiller density functional approximation in the hydrogen systems, where the static correlation error is shown to be negligible. The good transferability is demonstrated by applications to the hydrogen molecule and some crystal structures.
Yao, Y.; Wang, Cai-Zhuang; Ho, Kai-Ming
Benchmarking and Self-Assessment in the Wine Industry
Not all industrial facilities have the staff or theopportunity to perform a detailed audit of their operations. The lack ofknowledge of energy efficiency opportunities provides an importantbarrier to improving efficiency. Benchmarking programs in the U.S. andabroad have shown to improve knowledge of the energy performance ofindustrial facilities and buildings and to fuel energy managementpractices. Benchmarking provides a fair way to compare the energyintensity of plants, while accounting for structural differences (e.g.,the mix of products produced, climate conditions) between differentfacilities. In California, the winemaking industry is not only one of theeconomic pillars of the economy; it is also a large energy consumer, witha considerable potential for energy-efficiency improvement. LawrenceBerkeley National Laboratory and Fetzer Vineyards developed the firstbenchmarking tool for the California wine industry called "BEST(Benchmarking and Energy and water Savings Tool) Winery". BEST Wineryenables a winery to compare its energy efficiency to a best practicereference winery. Besides overall performance, the tool enables the userto evaluate the impact of implementing efficiency measures. The toolfacilitates strategic planning of efficiency measures, based on theestimated impact of the measures, their costs and savings. The tool willraise awareness of current energy intensities and offer an efficient wayto evaluate the impact of future efficiency measures.
Galitsky, Christina; Radspieler, Anthony; Worrell, Ernst; Healy,Patrick; Zechiel, Susanne
MDAbench: A Tool for Customized Benchmark Generation Using MDA
Designing component-based application that meets performance requirements remains a challenging problem, and usually requires a prototype to be constructed to benchmark performance. Building a custom benchmark suite is however costly and tedious. This demonstration illustrates an approach for generating customized component-based benchmark applications using a Model Driven Architecture (MDA) approach. All the platform related plumbing and basic performance testing routines are encapsulated in MDA generation "cartridges" along with default implementations of testing logic. We will show how to use a tailored version of the UML 2.0 Testing Profile to model a customized load testing client. The performance configuration (such as transaction mix and spiking simulations) can also be modeled using the UML model. Executing the generated deployable code will collect the performance testing data automatically. The tool implementation is based on a widely used open source MDA framework AndroMDA. We extended it by providing a cartridge for a performance testing tailored version of the UML 2.0 Testing Profile. Essentially, we use OObased meta-modeling in designing and implementing a lightweight performance testing domain specific language with supporting infrastructure on top of the existing UML testing standard.
Liming Zhu; Yan Liu; Ian Gorton; Ngoc Bao Bui
??An oil-life algorithm to calculate the remaining percentage of oil life is presented as a means to determine the right time to change the oil… (more)
Bommareddi, Anveshan
Oil-Well Fire Fighting
... Oil Well Fire Fighting. NIST fire Research NIST Fire Research 2 Oil Well Fire Fighting RoboCrane Model Oil Well Fire Fighting Working Model.
Fuel Oil Use in Manufacturing
and residual fuel oils. Distillate fuel oil, the lighter product, is also used for heating of homes and commercial buildings. Residual oil is a much denser, heavier product...
7 7 Notes: As global production changed relative to demand, the world moved from a period of "over supply" in 1998 to one of "under supply" in 1999 and 2000. Inventories are a good means of seeing the imbalance between petroleum production and demand. For example, when production exceeds demand, inventories rise. A large over supply will put downward pressure on prices, while under supply will cause prices to rise. OECD inventories illustrate the changes in the world petroleum balance. OECD inventories rose to high levels during 1997 and 1998 when production exceeded demand and prices dropped to around $10 per barrel in December 1998. However, when demand exceeded production in 1999 and early 2000, inventories fell to the low levels seen above, and prices rose to $35 per
Apparatus for distilling shale oil from oil shale
An apparatus for distilling shale oil from oil shale comprises: a vertical type distilling furnace which is divided by two vertical partitions each provided with a plurality of vent apertures into an oil shale treating chamber and two gas chambers, said oil shale treating chamber being located between said two gas chambers in said vertical type distilling furnace, said vertical type distilling furnace being further divided by at least one horizontal partition into an oil shale distilling chamber in the lower part thereof and at least one oil shale preheating chamber in the upper part thereof, said oil shale distilling chamber and said oil shale preheating chamber communication with each other through a gap provided at an end of said horizontal partition, an oil shale supplied continuously from an oil shale supply port provided in said oil shale treating chamber at the top thereof into said oil shale treating chamber continuously moving from the oil shale preheating chamber to the oil shale distilling chamber, a high-temperature gas blown into an oil shale distilling chamber passing horizontally through said oil shale in said oil shale treating chamber, thereby said oil shale is preheated in said oil shale preheating chamber, and a gaseous shale oil is distilled from said preheated oil shale in said oil shale distilling chamber; and a separator for separating by liquefaction a gaseous shale oil from a gas containing the gaseous shale oil discharged from the oil shale preheating chamber.
Shishido, T.; Sato, Y.
Industrial Uses of Vegetable Oils
Industrial Uses of Vegetable Oils offers new insights into these important (and growing) products of vegetable oils, while also covering developments in biodegradable grease, vegetable oils-based polyols, and the synthesis of surfactants from vegetable oil
Oil and Gas Supply Module
Onshore Lower 48 Oil and Gas Supply Submodule, Offshore Oil and Gas Supply Submodule, Oil Shale Supply Submodule, and Alaska Oil and Gas Supply Submodule. A detailed description of...
The Legacy of Oil Spills
When a 1979 exploratory oil well blew out and leaked oil foraddicted to oil directly causes spills as well as globalmagnitudes of past oil spills. They are well aware of the
Trevors, J. T.; Saier, M. H.
Oil and Gas Exploration
Metals Industrial Minerals Oil and Gas Geothermal Exploration Development Mining Processing Nevada, oil and gas, and geothermal activities and accomplishments in Nevada: production statistics, exploration and development including drilling for petroleum and geothermal resources, discoveries of ore
Tingley, Joseph V.
Palm oil pundit speaks
Dorab E. Mistry, director of Godrej International Ltd. in Mumbai, India, spoke about palm oil on March 15, 2010, during the 2010 Annual Convention of the National Institute of Oilseed Products in Palm Springs, California, USA. Palm oil pundit speaks ...
Oil and Plants
Oil and Plants Name: Matt Location: NA Country: NA Date: NA Question: If you could please tell me exactly what motor oil (unused) does to plants, and the effects. Does it...
21, 2008. Ying, Wang. " China, Venezuela firms to co-developApril 21, "China and Venezuela sign oil agreements. " Chinaaccessed April 21, "Venezuela and China sign oil deal. " BBC
well below unity accounts for the broad trends we see in the share of oil purchases in totalWells. " Middle panel: percent of U.S. total crude oil
SRC Residual fuel oils
Coal solids (SRC) and distillate oils are combined to afford single-phase blends of residual oils which have utility as fuel oils substitutes. The components are combined on the basis of their respective polarities, that is, on the basis of their heteroatom content, to assure complete solubilization of SRC. The resulting composition is a fuel oil blend which retains its stability and homogeneity over the long term.
Tewari, Krishna C. (Whitehall, PA); Foster, Edward P. (Macungie, PA)
Oil Peak or Panic?
In this balanced consideration of the peak-oil controversy, Gorelick comes down on the side of the optimists.
Greene, David L [ORNL
Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty OilsChapter 11 Camellia Oil and Tea Oil
Gourmet and Health-Promoting Specialty Oils Chapter 11 Camellia Oil and Tea Oil Health Nutrition Biochemistry eChapters Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 11 Camellia Oil and T
Using Oils As Pesticides
Petroleum and plant-derived spray oils show increasing potential for use as part of Integrated Pest Management systems for control of soft-bodied pests on fruit trees, shade trees, woody ornamentals and household plants. Sources of oils, preparing oils for use, application and precautions are discussed.
Bogran, Carlos E.; Ludwig, Scott; Metz, Bradley
Exploiting heavy oil reserves
the behaviour of oil and gas prices and the fruits of future exploration. The rate of technological progress. How optimistic are you that the North Sea remains a viable source of oil and gas? A) Our new researchNorth Sea investment potential Exploiting heavy oil reserves Beneath the waves in 3D Aberdeen
Levi, Ran
Biochemical upgrading of oils
A process for biochemical conversion of heavy crude oils is provided. The process includes contacting heavy crude oils with adapted biocatalysts. The resulting upgraded oil shows, a relative increase in saturated hydrocarbons, emulsions and oxygenates and a decrease in compounds containing in organic sulfur, organic nitrogen and trace metals. Adapted microorganisms which have been modified under challenged growth processes are also disclosed.
Premuzic, Eugene T. (East Moriches, NY); Lin, Mow S. (Rocky Point, NY)
A process for biochemical conversion of heavy crude oils is provided. The process includes contacting heavy crude oils with adapted biocatalysts. The resulting upgraded oil shows, a relative increase in saturated hydrocarbons, emulsions and oxygenates and a decrease in compounds containing organic sulfur, organic nitrogen and trace metals. Adapted microorganisms which have been modified under challenged growth processes are also disclosed. 121 figs.
Premuzic, E.T.; Lin, M.S.
to a "negative" storage cost for oil in the form of a bene?tin levels. oil for more than your costs, that is, if P t+1 QSaudi oil, and M S the Saudi's marginal cost of production.
Quantum benchmarks for the storage or transmission of quantum light from minimal resources
We investigate several recently published benchmark criteria for storage or transmission of continuous-variable quantum information. A comparison reveals that criteria based on a Gaussian distribution of coherent states are most resilient to noise. We then address the issue of experimental resources and derive an equally strong benchmark, solely based on three coherent states and homodyne detection. This benchmark is further simplified in the presence of naturally occurring random phases, which remove the need for active input-state modulation.
Hauke Häseler; Norbert Lütkenhaus
Integral Benchmark Data for Nuclear Data Testing Through the ICSBEP & IRPhEP
The status of the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) and International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was last discussed directly with the nuclear data community at ND2007. Since ND2007, integral benchmark data that are available for nuclear data testing have increased significantly. The status of the ICSBEP and the IRPhEP is discussed and selected benchmark configurations that have been added to the ICSBEP and IRPhEP Handbooks since ND2007 are highlighted.
J. Blair Briggs; John D. Bess; Jim Gulliford; Ian Hill
CASMO-3/SIMULATE-3 benchmarking against Vermont Yankee
The cross-section generation code CASMO-3 and the advanced nodal code SIMULATE-3 are used to model Vermont Yankee (VY) cycles 9 through 13. Vermont Yankee is a small, high-power density boiling water reactor (BWR)-3 reactor. Cycles 9 through 13 were chosen for benchmarking because they have high-enrichment cores and use gamma-sensing traversing in-core probes (TIPs). To judge the merit of the new CASMO-3/SIMULATE-3 model, the results are compared to the old CASMO-2/SIMULATE-2 model. The figures of merit are consistent hot and cold eigenvalues near 1.0 and accurate reproduction of the plant TIP readings.
Hubbard, B.Y.; Morin, D.J.; Pappas, J.; Potter, R.C.; Woehlke, R.A. (Yankee Atomic Electric Co., Bolton, MA (USA))
Benchmarks for new strong interactions at the LHC
New strong interactions at the LHC may exhibit a richer structure than expected from simply rescaling QCD to the electroweak scale. In fact, a departure from rescaled QCD is required for compatibility with electroweak constraints. To navigate the space of possible scenarios, we use a simple framework, based on a 5D model with modifications of AdS geometry in the infrared. In the parameter space, we select two points with particularly interesting phenomenology. For these benchmark points, we explore the discovery of triplets of vector and axial resonances at the LHC.
J. Hirn; A. Martin; V. Sanz
Quantum Benchmark for Teleportation and Storage of Squeezed States
We provide a quantum benchmark for teleportation and storage of single-mode squeezed states with zero displacement and a completely unknown degree of squeezing along a given direction. For pure squeezed input states, a fidelity higher than 81.5% has to be attained in order to outperform any classical strategy based on an estimation of the unknown squeezing and repreparation of squeezed states. For squeezed thermal input states, we derive an upper and a lower bound on the classical average fidelity which tighten for moderate degree of mixedness. These results enable a critical discussion of recent experiments with squeezed light.
Gerardo Adesso; Giulio Chiribella
Quantum benchmark for storage and transmission of coherent states
We consider the storage and transmission of a Gaussian distributed set of coherent states of continuous variable systems. We prove a limit on the average fidelity achievable when the states are transmitted or stored by a classical channel, i.e., a measure and repreparation scheme which sends or stores classical information only. The obtained bound is tight and serves as a benchmark which has to be surpassed by quantum channels in order to outperform any classical strategy. The success in experimental demonstrations of quantum memories as well as quantum teleportation has to be judged on this footing.
K. Hammerer; M. M. Wolf; E. S. Polzik; J. I. Cirac
Benchmarking quantum control methods on a 12-qubit system
In this letter, we present an experimental benchmark of operational control methods in quantum information processors extended up to 12 qubits. We implement universal control of this large Hilbert space using two complementary approaches and discuss their accuracy and scalability. Despite decoherence, we were able to reach a 12-coherence state (or 12-qubits pseudo-pure cat state), and decode it into an 11 qubit plus one qutrit labeled observable pseudo-pure state using liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance quantum information processors.
C. Negrevergne; T. S. Mahesh; C. A. Ryan; M. Ditty; F. Cyr-Racine; W. Power; N. Boulant; T. Havel; D. G. Cory; R. Laflamme
Benchmarking and Performance Improvement at Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site
The Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) has initiated a major work process improvement campaign using the tools of formalized benchmarking and streamlining. This paper provides insights into some of the process improvement activities performed at Rocky Flats from November 1995 through December 1996. It reviews the background, motivation, methodology, results, and lessons learned from this ongoing effort. The paper also presents important gains realized through process analysis and improvement including significant cost savings, productivity improvements, and an enhanced understanding of site work processes.
Elliott, C. [Kaiser-Hill Co., LLC, Golden, CO (United States)], Doyle, D. [USDOE Rocky Flats Office, Golden, CO (United States)], Featherman, W.D. [Project Performance Corp., Sterline, VA (United States)
Benchmark problems in which equality plays the major role
We have recently heard rumors that researchers are again studying paramodulation [Wos87] in the context of strategy for its control. In part to facilitate such research, and in part to provide test problems for evaluating other approaches to equality-oriented reasoning, we offer in this article a set of benchmark problems in which equality plays the dominant role. The test problems are taken from group theory, Robbins algebra, combinatory logic, and other areas. For each problem, we include appropriate clauses and comment as to its status with regard to provability by an unaided automated reasoning program.
Lusk, E.; Wos, L.
We have recently heard rumors that researchers are again studying paramodulation (Wos87) in the context of strategy for its control. In part to facilitate such research, and in part to provide test problems for evaluating other approaches to equality-oriented reasoning, we offer in this article a set of benchmark problems in which equality plays the dominant role. The test problems are taken from group theory, Robbins algebra, combinatory logic, and other areas. For each problem, we include appropriate clauses and comment as to its status with regard to provability by an unaided automated reasoning program.
Utah Heavy Oil Program
The Utah Heavy Oil Program (UHOP) was established in June 2006 to provide multidisciplinary research support to federal and state constituents for addressing the wide-ranging issues surrounding the creation of an industry for unconventional oil production in the United States. Additionally, UHOP was to serve as an on-going source of unbiased information to the nation surrounding technical, economic, legal and environmental aspects of developing heavy oil, oil sands, and oil shale resources. UHOP fulGilled its role by completing three tasks. First, in response to the Energy Policy Act of 2005 Section 369(p), UHOP published an update report to the 1987 technical and economic assessment of domestic heavy oil resources that was prepared by the Interstate Oil and Gas Compact Commission. The UHOP report, entitled 'A Technical, Economic, and Legal Assessment of North American Heavy Oil, Oil Sands, and Oil Shale Resources' was published in electronic and hard copy form in October 2007. Second, UHOP developed of a comprehensive, publicly accessible online repository of unconventional oil resources in North America based on the DSpace software platform. An interactive map was also developed as a source of geospatial information and as a means to interact with the repository from a geospatial setting. All documents uploaded to the repository are fully searchable by author, title, and keywords. Third, UHOP sponsored Give research projects related to unconventional fuels development. Two projects looked at issues associated with oil shale production, including oil shale pyrolysis kinetics, resource heterogeneity, and reservoir simulation. One project evaluated in situ production from Utah oil sands. Another project focused on water availability and produced water treatments. The last project considered commercial oil shale leasing from a policy, environmental, and economic perspective.
J. Bauman; S. Burian; M. Deo; E. Eddings; R. Gani; R. Goel; C.K. Huang; M. Hogue; R. Keiter; L. Li; J. Ruple; T. Ring; P. Rose; M. Skliar; P.J. Smith; J.P. Spinti; P. Tiwari; J. Wilkey; K. Uchitel
for Environmental Research (CEDR) examined methods forbe operated efficiently. CEDR constructed a benchmark toolperformance metrics. The CEDR tool has been developed with
2D and 3D Numerical Modeling of Solidification Benchmark of Sn-3 ...
The benchmark experiment consists in solidifying a rectangular ingot of Sn-3% wt . Pb alloys, by using two lateral heat exchangers which allow extracting heat ...
Benchmark suites for improving the RDF(S) importers and exporters of ontology development tools
Abstract. Interoperability is the ability of two or more systems to interchange information and to use the information that has been interchanged. Nowadays, interoperability between ontology development tools is low. Therefore, to assess and improve this interoperability, we propose to perform a benchmarking of the interoperability of ontology development tools using RDF(S) as the interchange language. This paper presents, on the one hand, the interoperability benchmarking that is currently in progress in Knowledge Web 1 and, on the other, the benchmark suites defined and used in this benchmarking. 1
Raúl García-castro; Asunción Gómez-pérez
PMaC Prediction Framework to NERSC-5 SSP Benchmarks SummerAuthor: Noel Keen Introduction NERSC procurement depends onbenchmarks, in particular the NERSC SSP. Machine vendors are
Energy Benchmarking And Energy Saving Assessment In High-Rise Multi-Unit Residential Buildings.
??The purpose of energy benchmarking is to promote efficient use of energy. Knowing that the energy used by a building is excessive is the first… (more)
Huang, Yirong
Guideline for benchmarking thermal treatment systems for low-level mixed waste
A process for benchmarking low-level mixed waste (LLMW) treatment technologies has been developed. When used in conjunction with the identification and preparation of surrogate waste mixtures, and with defined quality assurance and quality control procedures, the benchmarking process will effectively streamline the selection of treatment technologies being considered by the US Department of Energy (DOE) for LLMW cleanup and management. Following the quantitative template provided in the benchmarking process will greatly increase the technical information available for the decision-making process. The additional technical information will remove a large part of the uncertainty in the selection of treatment technologies. It is anticipated that the use of the benchmarking process will minimize technology development costs and overall treatment costs. In addition, the benchmarking process will enhance development of the most promising LLMW treatment processes and aid in transferring the technology to the private sector. To instill inherent quality, the benchmarking process is based on defined criteria and a structured evaluation format, which are independent of any specific conventional treatment or emerging process technology. Five categories of benchmarking criteria have been developed for the evaluation: operation/design; personnel health and safety; economics; product quality; and environmental quality. This benchmarking document gives specific guidance on what information should be included and how it should be presented. A standard format for reporting is included in Appendix A and B of this document. Special considerations for LLMW are presented and included in each of the benchmarking categories.
Hoffman, D.P.; Gibson, L.V. Jr.; Hermes, W.H. [Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Bastian, R.E. [Focus Environmental, Inc., Knoxville, TN (United States); Davis, W.T. [Tennessee Univ., Knoxville, TN (United States)
Oil shale commercialization study
Ninety four possible oil shale sections in southern Idaho were located and chemically analyzed. Sixty-two of these shales show good promise of possible oil and probable gas potential. Sixty of the potential oil and gas shales represent the Succor Creek Formation of Miocene age in southwestern Idaho. Two of the shales represent Cretaceous formations in eastern Idaho, which should be further investigated to determine their realistic value and areal extent. Samples of the older Mesozonic and paleozoic sections show promise but have not been chemically analyzed and will need greater attention to determine their potential. Geothermal resources are of high potential in Idaho and are important to oil shale prospects. Geothermal conditions raise the geothermal gradient and act as maturing agents to oil shale. They also might be used in the retorting and refining processes. Oil shales at the surface, which appear to have good oil or gas potential should have much higher potential at depth where the geothermal gradient is high. Samples from deep petroleum exploration wells indicate that the succor Creek shales have undergone considerable maturation with depth of burial and should produce gas and possibly oil. Most of Idaho's shales that have been analyzed have a greater potential for gas than for oil but some oil potential is indicated. The Miocene shales of the Succor Creek Formation should be considered as gas and possibly oil source material for the future when technology has been perfectes. 11 refs.
Warner, M.M.
Progress during current reporting year 2002 by quarter--Progress during Q1 2002: (1) In accordance to Task 7.0 (D. No.2 Technical Publications) TerraTek, NETL, and the Industry Contributors successfully presented a paper detailing Phase 1 testing results at the February 2002 IADC/SPE Drilling Conference, a prestigious venue for presenting DOE and private sector drilling technology advances. The full reference is as follows: IADC/SPE 74540 ''World's First Benchmarking of Drilling Mud Hammer Performance at Depth Conditions'' authored by Gordon A. Tibbitts, TerraTek; Roy C. Long, US Department of Energy, Brian E. Miller, BP America, Inc.; Arnis Judzis, TerraTek; and Alan D. Black, TerraTek. Gordon Tibbitts, TerraTek, will presented the well-attended paper in February of 2002. The full text of the Mud Hammer paper was included in the last quarterly report. (2) The Phase 2 project planning meeting (Task 6) was held at ExxonMobil's Houston Greenspoint offices on February 22, 2002. In attendance were representatives from TerraTek, DOE, BP, ExxonMobil, PDVSA, Novatek, and SDS Digger Tools. (3) PDVSA has joined the advisory board to this DOE mud hammer project. PDVSA's commitment of cash and in-kind contributions were reported during the last quarter. (4) Strong Industry support remains for the DOE project. Both Andergauge and Smith Tools have expressed an interest in participating in the ''optimization'' phase of the program. The potential for increased testing with additional Industry cash support was discussed at the planning meeting in February 2002. Progress during Q2 2002: (1) Presentation material was provided to the DOE/NETL project manager (Dr. John Rogers) for the DOE exhibit at the 2002 Offshore Technology Conference. (2) Two meeting at Smith International and one at Andergauge in Houston were held to investigate their interest in joining the Mud Hammer Performance study. (3) SDS Digger Tools (Task 3 Benchmarking participant) apparently has not negotiated a commercial deal with Halliburton on the supply of fluid hammers to the oil and gas business. (4) TerraTek is awaiting progress by Novatek (a DOE contractor) on the redesign and development of their next hammer tool. Their delay will require an extension to TerraTek's contracted program. (5) Smith International has sufficient interest in the program to start engineering and chroming of collars for testing at TerraTek. (6) Shell's Brian Tarr has agreed to join the Industry Advisory Group for the DOE project. The addition of Brian Tarr is welcomed as he has numerous years of experience with the Novatek tool and was involved in the early tests in Europe while with Mobil Oil. (7) Conoco's field trial of the Smith fluid hammer for an application in Vietnam was organized and has contributed to the increased interest in their tool. Progress during Q3 2002: (1) Smith International agreed to participate in the DOE Mud Hammer program. (2) Smith International chromed collars for upcoming benchmark tests at TerraTek, now scheduled for 4Q 2002. (3) ConocoPhillips had a field trial of the Smith fluid hammer offshore Vietnam. The hammer functioned properly, though the well encountered hole conditions and reaming problems. ConocoPhillips plan another field trial as a result. (4) DOE/NETL extended the contract for the fluid hammer program to allow Novatek to ''optimize'' their much delayed tool to 2003 and to allow Smith International to add ''benchmarking'' tests in light of SDS Digger Tools' current financial inability to participate. (5) ConocoPhillips joined the Industry Advisors for the mud hammer program. Progress during Q4 2002: (1) Smith International participated in the DOE Mud Hammer program through full scale benchmarking testing during the week of 4 November 2003. (2) TerraTek acknowledges Smith International, BP America, PDVSA, and ConocoPhillips for cost-sharing the Smith benchmarking tests allowing extension of the contract to add to the benchmarking testing program. (3) Following the benchmark testing of the Smith International hammer, representatives from DOE/NETL, T
Alan Black; Arnis Judzis
Benchmark study of TRIPOLI-4 through experiment and MCNP codes
Reliability on simulation results is essential in nuclear physics. Although MCNP5 and MCNPX are the world widely used 3D Monte Carlo radiation transport codes, alternative Monte Carlo simulation tools exist to simulate neutral and charged particles' interactions with matter. Therefore, benchmark are required in order to validate these simulation codes. For instance, TRIPOLI-4.7, developed at the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission for neutron and photon transport, now also provides the user with a full feature electron-photon electromagnetic shower. Whereas the reliability of TRIPOLI-4.7 for neutron and photon transport has been validated yet, the new development regarding electron-photon matter interaction needs additional validation benchmarks. We will thus demonstrate how accurately TRIPOLI-4's 'deposited spectrum' tally can simulate gamma spectrometry problems, compared to MCNP's 'F8' tally. The experimental setup is based on an HPGe detector measuring the decay spectrum of an {sup 152}Eu source. These results are then compared with those given by MCNPX 2.6d and TRIPOLI-4 codes. This paper deals with both the experimental aspect and simulation. We will demonstrate that TRIPOLI-4 is a potential alternative to both MCNPX and MCNP5 for gamma-electron interaction simulation. (authors)
Michel, M. [CEA, LIST, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Coulon, R. [Canberra France, F-78182 Saint Quentin en Yvelines (France); Normand, S. [CEA, LIST, Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France); Huot, N.; Petit, O. [CEA, DEN DANS, SERMA, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette (France)
NMSSM Higgs Benchmarks Near 125 GeV
The recent LHC indications of a SM-like Higgs boson near 125 GeV are consistent not only with the Standard Model (SM) but also with Supersymmetry (SUSY). However naturalness arguments disfavour the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM). We consider the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) with a SM-like Higgs boson near 125 GeV involving relatively light stops and gluinos below 1 TeV in order to satisfy naturalness requirements. We are careful to ensure that the chosen values of couplings do not become non perturbative below the grand unification (GUT) scale, although we also examine how these limits may be extended by the addition of extra matter to the NMSSM at the two-loop level. We then propose four sets of benchmark points corresponding to the SM-like Higgs boson being the lightest or the second lightest Higgs state in the NMSSM or the NMSSM-with-extra-matter. With the aid of these benchmark points we discuss how the NMSSM Higgs boson near 125 GeV may be distinguished from the SM Higgs boson in future LHC searches.
S. F. King; M. Muhlleitner; R. Nevzorov
Post LHC8 SUSY benchmark points for ILC physics
We re-evaluate prospects for supersymmetry at the proposed International Linear e^+e^- Collider (ILC) in light of the first two years of serious data taking at LHC: LHC7 with ~5 fb^{-1} of pp collisions at sqrt{s}=7 TeV and LHC8 with ~20 fb^{-1} at \\sqrt{s}=8 TeV. Strong new limits from LHC8 SUSY searches, along with the discovery of a Higgs boson with m_h~125 GeV, suggest a paradigm shift from previously popular models to ones with new and compelling signatures. After a review of the current status of supersymmetry, we present a variety of new ILC benchmark models, including: natural SUSY, radiatively-driven natural SUSY (RNS), NUHM2 with low m_A, a focus point case from mSUGRA/CMSSM, non-universal gaugino mass (NUGM) model, stau-coannihilation, Kallosh-Linde/spread SUSY model, mixed gauge-gravity mediation, normal scalar mass hierarchy (NMH), and one example with the recently discovered Higgs boson being the heavy CP-even state H. While all these models at present elude the latest LHC8 limits, they do offer intriguing case study possibilities for ILC operating at \\sqrt{s}~0.25-1 TeV. The benchmark points also present a view of the widely diverse SUSY phenomena which might still be expected in the post LHC8 era at both LHC and ILC.
Howard Baer; Jenny List
Benchmarking of Graphite Reflected Critical Assemblies of UO2
A series of experiments were carried out in 1963 at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Critical Experiments Facility (ORCEF) for use in space reactor research programs. A core containing 93.2% enriched UO2 fuel rods was used in these experiments. The first part of the experimental series consisted of 253 tightly-packed fuel rods (1.27 cm triangular pitch) with graphite reflectors [1], the second part used 253 graphite-reflected fuel rods organized in a 1.506 cm triangular pitch [2], and the final part of the experimental series consisted of 253 beryllium-reflected fuel rods with a 1.506 cm triangular pitch. [3] Fission rate distribution and cadmium ratio measurements were taken for all three parts of the experimental series. Reactivity coefficient measurements were taken for various materials placed in the beryllium reflected core. The first part of this experimental series has been evaluated for inclusion in the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) [4] and the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) Handbooks, [5] and is discussed below. These experiments are of interest as benchmarks because they support the validation of compact reactor designs with similar characteristics to the design parameters for a space nuclear fission surface power systems. [6
Margaret A. Marshall; John D. Bess
Criticality Benchmark Analysis of Water-Reflected Uranium Oxyfluoride Slabs
A series of twelve experiments were conducted in the mid 1950's at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Critical Experiments Facility to determine the critical conditions of a semi-infinite water-reflected slab of aqueous uranium oxyfluoride (UO2F2). A different slab thickness was used for each experiment. Results from the twelve experiment recorded in the laboratory notebook were published in Reference 1. Seven of the twelve experiments were determined to be acceptable benchmark experiments for the inclusion in the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments. This evaluation will not only be available to handbook users for the validation of computer codes and integral cross-section data, but also for the reevaluation of experimental data used in the ANSI/ANS-8.1 standard. This evaluation is important as part of the technical basis of the subcritical slab limits in ANSI/ANS-8.1. The original publication of the experimental results was used for the determination of bias and bias uncertainties for subcritical slab limits, as documented by Hugh Clark's paper 'Subcritical Limits for Uranium-235 Systems'.
Model-Based Engineering and Manufacturing CAD/CAM Benchmark
The Benehmark Project was created from a desire to identify best practices and improve the overall efficiency and performance of the Y-12 Plant's systems and personnel supprting the manufacturing mission. The mission of the benchmark team was to search out industry leaders in manufacturing and evaluate lheir engineering practices and processes to determine direction and focus fm Y-12 modmizadon efforts. The companies visited included several large established companies and anew, small, high-tech machining firm. As a result of this efforL changes are recommended that will enable Y-12 to become a more responsive cost-effective manufacturing facility capable of suppordng the needs of the Nuclear Weapons Complex (NW@) and Work Fw Others into the 21' century. The benchmark team identified key areas of interest, both focused and gencml. The focus arm included Human Resources, Information Management, Manufacturing Software Tools, and Standarda/ Policies and Practices. Areas of general interest included Inhstructure, Computer Platforms and Networking, and Organizational Structure. The method for obtaining the desired information in these areas centered on the creation of a benchmark questionnaire. The questionnaire was used throughout each of the visits as the basis for information gathering. The results of this benchmark showed that all companies are moving in the direction of model-based engineering and manufacturing. There was evidence that many companies are trying to grasp how to manage current and legacy data. In terms of engineering design software tools, the companies contacted were using both 3-D solid modeling and surfaced Wire-frame models. The manufacturing computer tools were varie4 with most companies using more than one software product to generate machining data and none currently performing model-based manufacturing (MBM) ftom a common medel. The majority of companies were closer to identifying or using a single computer-aided design (CAD) system than a single computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) system. The Inteznet was a technology that all companies were considering to either transport information more easily throughout the corporation or as a conduit for business, as the small firm was doing Successfully. Because PrdEngineer is the de facto CAD standard fbr the NWC, the Benchmark Team targeted companies using Parametric Technology Corporation (PTC) software tools. Most of the companies used Pm'Engineer for design to some degree, but found the PTC CAM product, PdManufacture lacking as compared to alternate CAM solutions. All of the companies visited fOund the data exchange between CAD/CAM systems problematic. It was apparent that these companies were trying to consolidate their software tools to reduce translation but had not been able to do so because no single solution had all the needed capabilities. In regard to organizational slructure and human resoukes, two companies were found to be using product or program teams. These teams consisted of the technical staff capable of completing the entire task and were xmintained throughout the project. This same strategy was evident at another of the companies but with more mobility of members. For all eornpanies visited except the small ~ work structure breakdown and responsibility were essentially the same as Y-12's at this time. The functions of numerical control (NC), desi~ and process planning were separate and distinct. The team made numerous recommendations that are detailed in the report.
Domm, T.D.; Underwood, R.S.
Industrial Oil Products Newsletter April 2013
Read the Industrial Oil Products Newsletter April 2013. Industrial Oil Products Newsletter April 2013 Industrial Oil Products Newsletter April 2013 ...
Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook 8/13/01 Click here to start Table of Contents Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and Propane Market Outlook Short-Term World Oil Price Forecast Price Movements Related to Supply/Demand Balance OPEC Production Likely To Remain Low U.S. Reflects World Market Crude Oil Outlook Conclusions Distillate Prices Increase With Crude Oil Distillate Stocks on the East Coast Were Very Low Entering Last Winter Distillate Demand Strong Last Winter More Supply Possible This Fall than Forecast Distillate Fuel Oil Imports Could Be Available - For A Price Distillate Supply/Demand Balance Reflected in Spreads Distillate Stocks Expected to Remain Low Winter Crude Oil and Distillate Price Outlook Heating Oil Outlook Conclusion Propane Prices Follow Crude Oil
Crude Oil Analysis Database
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
The composition and physical properties of crude oil vary widely from one reservoir to another within an oil field, as well as from one field or region to another. Although all oils consist of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, the proportions of various types of compounds differ greatly. This makes some oils more suitable than others for specific refining processes and uses. To take advantage of this diversity, one needs access to information in a large database of crude oil analyses. The Crude Oil Analysis Database (COADB) currently satisfies this need by offering 9,056 crude oil analyses. Of these, 8,500 are United States domestic oils. The database contains results of analysis of the general properties and chemical composition, as well as the field, formation, and geographic location of the crude oil sample. [Taken from the Introduction to COAMDATA_DESC.pdf, part of the zipped software and database file at http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/oil-gas/Software/database.html] Save the zipped file to your PC. When opened, it will contain PDF documents and a large Excel spreadsheet. It will also contain the database in Microsoft Access 2002.
Shay, Johanna Y.
Crude Oil Watch - Energy Information Administration
Crude Oil Watch April 19, 2000 Energy Information Administration Office of Oil & Gas A large stockbuild in crude oil inventories contributed to blunt crude oil inputs ...
Nuclear Data Performance Testing Using Sensitive, but Less Frequently Used ICSBEP Benchmarks
The International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) has published the International Handbook of Evaluated Criticality Safety Benchmark Experiments annually since 1995. The Handbook now spans over 51,000 pages with benchmark specifications for 4,283 critical, near critical, or subcritical configurations; 24 criticality alarm placement/shielding configurations with multiple dose points for each; and 200 configurations that have been categorized as fundamental physics measurements relevant to criticality safety applications. Benchmark data in the ICSBEP Handbook were originally intended for validation of criticality safety methods and data; however, the benchmark specifications are now used extensively for nuclear data testing. There are several, less frequently used benchmarks within the Handbook that are very sensitive to thorium and certain key structural and moderating materials. Calculated results for many of those benchmarks using modern nuclear data libraries suggest there is still room for improvement. These and other highly sensitive, but rarely quoted benchmarks are highlighted and data testing results provided using the Monte Carlo N-Particle Version 5 (MCNP5) code and continuous energy ENDF/B-V, VI.8, and VII.0, JEFF-3.1, and JENDL-3.3 nuclear data libraries.
J. Blair Briggs; John D. Bess
Benchmarking european airports based on a profitability envelope: a break-even analysis
In this paper a simplified benchmarking methodology is presented. This new approach is based on the computation of a discrete envelope over distributed data points. Financial and operational data from 139 European airports in 10 countries was collected ... Keywords: airport benchmarking, break-even analysis, profit maximization
Branko Bubalo
PenguinoMeter: a new file-I/O benchmark for Linux®
PenguinoMeter is a new open-source benchmark for Linux that measures file-system data transfer rates. PenguinoMeter allows the user to specify the file-system workload to be used in the benchmark in a very flexible manner. The workload specification ...
Ray Bryant; Dave Raddatz; Roger Sunshine
Preliminary analysis of feasible benchmark problems for the hydrid PRAM/NUMA REPLICA architecture
We study benchmarking on modern chip multi-processors (CMP), and outline a set of programs to measure the architectural performance properties, focusing on the REPLICA architecture employing a hybrid of PRAM and NUMA computational models. We analyse ... Keywords: benchmarking, multi-core, parallel computing, processor architecture
Jari-Matti Mäkelä; Ville Leppänen; Martti Forsell
Energy characterization of mobile devices and applications using power-thermal benchmarks
Power consumption and heat dissipation are the major factors that limit the performance and mobility of battery-powered devices. As they become key elements in the design of mobile devices and their applications, different power and thermal management ... Keywords: Energy characterization, Power benchmark, Power management, Thermal benchmark, Thermal management
Marius Marcu; Dacian Tudor; Horatiu Moldovan; Sebastian Fuicu; Mircea Popa
Towards using and improving the NAS parallel benchmarks: a parallel patterns approach
The NAS parallel benchmarks, originally developed by NASA for evaluating performance of their high-performance computers, have been regarded as one of the most widely used benchmark suites for side-by-side comparisons of high-performance machines. However, ...
Vivek Kale
An Approximate Dynamic Programming Approach to Benchmark Practice-based Heuristics for Natural Gas Storage Valuation
The valuation of the real option to store natural gas is a practically important problem that entails dynamic optimization of inventory trading decisions with capacity constraints in the face of uncertain natural gas price dynamics. Stochastic dynamic programming is a natural approach to this valuation problem, but it does not seem to be widely used in practice because it is at odds with the high-dimensional naturalgas price evolution models that are widespread among traders. According to the practice-based literature, practitioners typically value natural gas storage heuristically. The effectiveness of the heuristics discussed in this literature is currently unknown, because good upper bounds on the value of storage are not available. We develop a novel and tractable approximate dynamic programming method that coupled with Monte Carlo simulation computes lower and upper bounds on the value of storage, which we use to benchmark these heuristics on a set of realistic instances. We find that these heuristics are extremely fast but significantly suboptimal as compared to our upper bound, which appears to be fairly tight and much tighter than a simpler perfect information upper bound; our lower bound is slower to compute than these heuristics but substantially outperforms them in terms of valuation. Moreover, with periodic reoptimizations embedded in Monte Carlo simulation, the practice-based heuristics become nearly optimal, with one exception, at the expense of higher computational effort. Our lower bound with reoptimization is also nearly optimal, but exhibits a higher computational requirement than these heuristics. Besides natural gas storage, our results are potentially relevant for the valuation of the real option to store other commodities, such as metals, oil, and petroleum products. 1.
Guoming Lai; François Margot; Nicola Secom
Blind Benchmark Calculations for Melt Spreading in the ECOSTAR Project
The Project ECOSTAR (5. EC Framework Programme) on Ex-Vessel Core Melt Stabilisation Research is oriented towards the analysis and mitigation of severe accident sequences that could occur in the ex-vessel phase of a postulated core melt accident. Spreading of the corium melt on the available basement surface is an important process, which defines the initial conditions for concrete attack and for the efficiency of cooling in case of water contact, respectively. The transfer and spreading of the melt on the basement is one of the major issues in ECOSTAR. This is addressed here by a spreading code benchmark involving a large-scale spreading experiment that is used for the validation of the existing spreading codes. The corium melt is simulated by a mixture of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}, SiO{sub 2}, CaO and FeO with a sufficiently wide freezing interval. In the 3-dim benchmark test ECOKATS-1 170 litres of oxide melt are poured onto a 3 m by 4 m concrete surface with a low flow rate of about 2 l/s. From the results of an additional 2-dim channel experiment some basic rheological data (e.g. initial viscosity) are obtained in order to minimise the uncertainty in material properties of the melt. The participating spreading codes CORFLOW (Framatome ANP/FZK), LAVA (GRS), and THEMA (CEA) differ from each other by their focus of modelling and the assumptions made to simplify the relevant transport equations. In a first step both experiments (3-dim/2-dim) are calculated blindly by the participating codes. This serves for an overall assessment of the codes capabilities to predict the spreading of a melt with rather unknown material properties. In a second step the 3-dim experiment ECOKATS-1 is recalculated by the codes with the more precise knowledge of the rheological behaviour of the oxide melt in the 2-dim experiment. This, in addition, serves for the validation of the codes' capabilities to predict the spreading of a melt with well-known material properties. Based on the benchmark results and taking the specific validation process for each of the three codes applied into account, it is recommended that the spreading issue for reactor safety research be considered closed. (authors)
Spengler, C.; Allelein, H.J. [Gesellschaft fuer Anlagen- und Reaktorsicherheit, Schwertnergasse 1, 50667 Cologne (Germany); Foit, J.J.; Alsmeyer, H. [Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, P.O. Box 36 40, 76021 Karlsruhe (Germany); Spindler, B.; Veteau, J.M. [CEA, 17, rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble (France); Artnik, J.; Fischer, M. [Framatome ANP, P.O. Box 32 20, 91050 Erlangen (Germany)
Shale oil: process choices
The four broad categories of shale-oil processing are discussed. All of these processes share the basic function of retorting oil-shale rock at high temperature so that the kerogen material in the rocks is thermally decomposed to shale oil and gaseous products. The technologies and the organizations working on their development are: solids-to-solids heating, The Oil Shale Co. (TOSCO) and Lurgi-Rhur; gas-to-solids heating with internal gas combustion, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Development Engineering Inc. and Union Oil of California; gas-to-solid heating with external heat generation, Development Engineering, Union Oil, Petrobas, and Institute of Gas Technology; and in-situ retorting, Occidental Petroleum Corp. The TOSCO II process is considered proven and on the verge of commercialization. (BLM)
The status of the International Criticality Safety Benchmark Evaluation Project (ICSBEP) was last reported in a nuclear data conference at the International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, ND-2004, in Santa Fe, New Mexico. Since that time the number and type of integral benchmarks have increased significantly. Included in the ICSBEP Handbook are criticality-alarm / shielding and fundamental physic benchmarks in addition to the traditional critical / subcritical benchmark data. Since ND 2004, a reactor physics counterpart to the ICSBEP, the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) was initiated. The IRPhEP is patterned after the ICSBEP, but focuses on other integral measurements, such as buckling, spectral characteristics, reactivity effects, reactivity coefficients, kinetics measurements, reaction-rate and power distributions, nuclide compositions, and other miscellaneous-type measurements in addition to the critical configuration. The status of these two projects is discussed and selected benchmarks highlighted in this paper.
J. Blair Briggs; Lori Scott; Yolanda Rugama; Enrico Satori
Benchmark Models, Planes, Lines and Points for Future SUSY Searches at the LHC
We define benchmark models for SUSY searches at the LHC, including the CMSSM, NUHM, mGMSB, mAMSB, MM-AMSB and p19MSSM, as well as models with R-parity violation and the NMSSM. Within the parameter spaces of these models, we propose benchmark subspaces, including planes, lines and points along them. The planes may be useful for presenting results of the experimental searches in different SUSY scenarios, while the specific benchmark points may serve for more detailed detector performance tests and comparisons. We also describe algorithms for defining suitable benchmark points along the proposed lines in the parameter spaces, and we define a few benchmark points motivated by recent fits to existing experimental data.
S. S. AbdusSalam; B. C. Allanach; H. K. Dreiner; J. Ellis; U. Ellwanger; J. Gunion; S. Heinemeyer; M. Kraemer; M. L. Mangano; K. A. Olive; S. Rogerson; L. Roszkowski; M. Schlaffer; G. Weiglein
NERSC procurement depends on application benchmarks, in particular the NERSC SSP. Machine vendors are asked to run SSP benchmarks at various scales to enable NERSC to assess system performance. However, it is often the case that the vendor cannot run the benchmarks at large concurrency as it is impractical to have that much hardware available. Additionally, there may be difficulties in porting the benchmarks to the hardware. The Performance Modeling and Characterization Lab (PMaC) at San Diego Supercomputing Center (SDSC) have developed a framework to predict the performance of codes on large parallel machines. The goal of this work was to apply the PMaC prediction framework to the NERSC-5 SSP benchmark applications and ultimately consider the accuracy of the predictions. Other tasks included identifying assumptions and simplifications in the process, determining the ease of use, and measuring the resources required to obtain predictions.
BSMBench: a flexible and scalable supercomputer benchmark from computational particle physics
Benchmarking plays a central role in the evaluation of High Performance Computing architectures. Several benchmarks have been designed that allow users to stress various components of supercomputers. In order for the figures they provide to be useful, benchmarks need to be representative of the most common real-world scenarios. In this work, we introduce BSMBench, a benchmarking suite derived from Monte Carlo code used in computational particle physics. The advantage of this suite (which can be freely downloaded from http://www.bsmbench.org/) over others is the capacity to vary the relative importance of computation and communication. This enables the tests to simulate various practical situations. To showcase BSMBench, we perform a wide range of tests on various architectures, from desktop computers to state-of-the-art supercomputers, and discuss the corresponding results. Possible future directions of development of the benchmark are also outlined.
Bennett, Ed; Jordan, Kirk; Lucini, Biagio; Patella, Agostino; Pica, Claudio; Rago, Antonio
Ed Bennett; Luigi Del Debbio; Kirk Jordan; Biagio Lucini; Agostino Patella; Claudio Pica; Antonio Rago
Process of treating oil shale
A process of destructively distilling oil shale is described consisting in subjecting the oil shale containing aluminum to the action of heat and pressure to destructively distill it and separate the light oil constituents. Chlorine gas is simultaneously passed through the hot oil shale countercurrent to the direction of movement of the oil shale.
Egloff, G.
World Oil: Market or Mayhem?
The world oil market is regarded by many as a puzzle. Why are oil prices so volatile? What is OPEC and what does OPEC do? Where are oil prices headed in the long run? Is "peak oil" a genuine concern? Why did oil prices ...
Smith, James L.
2 World Oil Market
www.eia.gov Crude oil prices react to a variety of geopolitical and economic events price per barrel (real 2010 dollars, quarterly average) 140 120 imported refiner acquisition cost of crude oil WTI crude oil price Global financial collapse 100 80 60 U.S. spare capacity exhausted Iran-Iraq War Saudis abandon swing producer role Asian financial crisis 9-11 attacks Low spare capacity
Adam Sieminski Administrator; Adam Sieminski; Adam Sieminski
Improved oil refinery operations and cheaper crude oil to help...
Improved oil refinery operations and cheaper crude oil to help reduce gasoline prices U.S. gasoline prices are expected to fall as more oil refineries come back on line and crude...
Oil from rock
The article discusses first the Green River Formation oil shale projects in the western United States from which conservative estimates have suggested an output of 400,000 to 600,000 bbl/day of crude shale oil by 1990. The western reserves recoverable with present technology are said to exceed 600 billion (10/sup 9/) bbl. Three major considerations could limit the large-scale development of shale oil: availability of water, environmental factors, and socio-economic considerations. Water is used to obtain and process the crude shale oil, and additional water is needed to cool the spent shale and to establish new vegetation on top of it. Nitrogenous compounds and arsenic in crude shale oil are among potential pollutants. Spent shale contains salts that are potentially leachable, as well as organic pyrolytic products. Retorting oil shales may release more CO/sub 2/ through decomposition of carbonate minerals that will subsequently be generated by burning the oil produced. Topographic effects of oil shale mining may raise socio-economic problems. Next the article discusses the conversion of coal to liquid by pyrolysis or hydrogenation, including the Gulf solvent refined coal (SRC) and the Exxon (EDS) liquefaction processes. Also described in the South African SASOL process for producing synthetic fuel from coal. A parallel account is included on the estimated complete cycle of United States and of worldwide crude oil production, forecasting depletion within less than a century. 11 refs.
Walters, S.
Crude Oil Price Forecast
We believe crude oil prices will strengthen somewhat, but prices will rise much more slowly than they fell, and they are expected to remain lower in ...
Oil And The Macroeconomy.
?? This paper examines the oil price-macro economy relationship by means of analyzing the impact ofoil price on Industrial production, real effective exchange rate, long… (more)
Al-Ameri, Leyth
-No Data Reported; --= Not Applicable; NA = Not Available; W = Withheld to avoid disclosure of individual company data. Notes: Crude oil exports are ...
California Crude Oil Prices
... of different quality crudes vary over time based on the value the market places on such quality attributes. A heavy crude oil has more heavy, ...
Crude Oil Prices
Information AdministrationPetroleum Marketing Annual 1999 41 Table 21. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices (Dollars per Barrel) - Continued Year Month PAD District II...
Oil and Gas (Indiana)
This division of the Indiana Department of Natural Resources provides information on the regulation of oil and gas exploration, wells and well spacings, drilling, plugging and abandonment, and...
Information AdministrationPetroleum Marketing Annual 2000 41 Table 21. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices (Dollars per Barrel) - Continued Year Month PAD District II...
Information AdministrationPetroleum Marketing Annual 1998 41 Table 21. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices (Dollars per Barrel) - Continued Year Month PAD District II...
Information AdministrationPetroleum Marketing Annual 2001 41 Table 21. Domestic Crude Oil First Purchase Prices (Dollars per Barrel) - Continued Year Month PAD District II...
Residual Fuel Oil Exports
Oil spill response resources
Pollution has become one of the main problems being faced by humanity. Preventing pollution from occurring might be the best idea but is not possible in this fast developing world. So the next best thing to do would be to respond to the pollution source in an effective manner. Oil spills are fast becoming pollution sources that are causing the maximum damage to the environment. This is owing to the compounds that are released and the way oil spreads in both water and land. Preventing the oil spill would be the best option. But once the oil has been spilled, the next best thing to do is to respond to the spill effectively. As a result, time becomes an important factor while responding to an oil spill. Appropriate response to contain and cleanup the spill is required to minimize its potential damage to the ecosystem. Since time and money play a very important role in spill response, it would be a great idea if decisions can be made in such a way that a quick response can be planned. The first part of this study deals with the formation of an 'Oil Spill Resources Handbook', which has information on all the important Oil Spill Contractors. The second and the main part of the study, deals with creating a database in Microsoft Access of the Oil Spill Contractors. The third portion of the study deals with planning an oil spill response using a systems approach.
Muthukrishnan, Shankar
Industry analysts and academics agree that China's domestic oil supply will peak, and demand Robert Ebel, China's Energy
disruptions, and the peak in U.S. oil production account foroil increased 81.1% (logarithmically) between January 1979 and the peak
Global Oil Geopolitics
Iran-Iraq War . Iranian revolution . Arab Oil Embargo . Asian financial crisis . capacity exhausted . Global financial collapse . 9-11 attacks . OPEC cuts targets 1.7 ...
This report describes efforts carried out during early 2008 to determine some of the science drivers for the"NERSC-6" next-generation high-performance computing system acquisition. Although the starting point was existing Greenbooks from DOE and the NERSC User Group, the main contribution of this work is an analysis of the current NERSC computational workload combined with requirements information elicited from key users and other scientists about expected needs in the 2009-2011 timeframe. The NERSC workload is described in terms of science areas, computer codes supporting research within those areas, and description of key algorithms that comprise the codes. This work was carried out in large part to help select a small set of benchmark programs that accurately capture the science and algorithmic characteristics of the workload. The report concludes with a description of the codes selected and some preliminary performance data for them on several important systems.
Antypas, Katie; Shalf, John; Wasserman, Harvey
Benchmarking ICRF Full-wave Solvers for ITER
Abstract Benchmarking of full-wave solvers for ICRF simulations is performed using plasma profiles and equilibria obtained from integrated self-consistent modeling predictions of four ITER plasmas. One is for a high performance baseline (5.3 T, 15 MA) DT H-mode. The others are for half-field, half-current plasmas of interest for the pre-activation phase with bulk plasma ion species being either hydrogen or He4. The predicted profiles are used by six full-wave solver groups to simulate the ICRF electromagnetic fields and heating, and by three of these groups to simulate the current-drive. Approximate agreement is achieved for the predicted heating power for the DT and He4 cases. Factor of two disagreements are found for the cases with second harmonic He3 heating in bulk H cases. Approximate agreement is achieved simulating the ICRF current drive.
R. V. Budny, L. Berry, R. Bilato, P. Bonoli, M. Brambilla, R. J. Dumont, A. Fukuyama, R. Harvey, E. F. Jaeger, K. Indireshkumar, E. Lerche, D. McCune, C. K. Phillips, V. Vdovin, J. Wright, and members of the ITPA-IOS
Analytical Benchmark Test Set for Criticality Code Verification
A number of published numerical solutions to analytic eigenvalue (k{sub eff}) and eigenfunction equations are summarized for the purpose of creating a criticality verification benchmark test set. The 75-problem test set allows the user to verify the correctness of a criticality code for infinite medium and simple geometries in one- and two-energy groups, one- and two-media, and both isotropic and anisotropic neutron scattering. The problem specifications will produce both k{sub eff} = 1 and the quoted k{sub {infinity}} to at least five decimal places. Additional uses of the test set for code verification are also discussed. A list of 45 references and an appendix with k{sub {infinity}} derivations is also included.
Avneet Sood; D. K. Parsons; R. A. Forster
Benchmarking Of Improved DPAC Transient Deflagration Analysis Code
The transient deflagration code DPAC (Deflagration Pressure Analysis Code) has been upgraded for use in modeling hydrogen deflagration transients. The upgraded code is benchmarked using data from vented hydrogen deflagration tests conducted at the HYDRO-SC Test Facility at the University of Pisa. DPAC originally was written to calculate peak deflagration pressures for deflagrations in radioactive waste storage tanks and process facilities at the Savannah River Site. Upgrades include the addition of a laminar flame speed correlation for hydrogen deflagrations and a mechanistic model for turbulent flame propagation, incorporation of inertial effects during venting, and inclusion of the effect of water vapor condensation on vessel walls. In addition, DPAC has been coupled with CEA, a NASA combustion chemistry code. The deflagration tests are modeled as end-to-end deflagrations. The improved DPAC code successfully predicts both the peak pressures during the deflagration tests and the times at which the pressure peaks.
DOE Solar Decathlon: California Polytechnic State University: Benchmarking
Cal Poly solar-powered house on the National Mall for Solar Decathlon 2005. Cal Poly solar-powered house on the National Mall for Solar Decathlon 2005. Enlarge image The exterior of Cal Poly's house features a large deck and overhang that shades the south-facing windows and doors. (Credit: Chris Gunn/U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon) Who: California Polytechnic State University What: Solar Cal Poly Where: California Polytechnic State University 1 Grand Ave. San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 Map This House Public tours: Contact the Cal Poly Renewable Energy Club at 224-805-7999 for tour information. Solar Decathlon 2005 California Polytechnic State University: Benchmarking Solar Performance The solar-powered house designed by California Polytechnic State University returned to San Luis Obispo after placing third overall in the U.S. Department of Energy Solar Decathlon 2005. It was reconstructed on campus
Fuel Cell Systems Sensors Air Management Benchmarking Modeling
Systems Systems F u e l P r o c e s s o r Sensors Air Management Benchmarking Modeling Patrick Davis Patrick Davis Targets and Status 50 kWe (net) Integrated Fuel Cell Power System 5000 2000 1000 Hours Durability 45 125 275 $/kW Cost (including H2 storage) 650 500 400 W/L Power density (w/o H2 stor) Operating on direct hydrogen 5000 2000 1000 Hours Durability 45 125 325 $/kW Cost 325 250 140 W/L Power density Operating on Tier 2 gasoline containing 30 ppm sulfur, average 2010 2005 2003 status Units Characteristics Projects Fuel Cell Power Systems Analysis ANL NREL TIAX Directed Technologies, Inc. TIAX TIAX * Fuel Cell Systems Analysis * Fuel Cell Vehicle Systems Analysis * Cost Analyses of Fuel Cell Stacks/ Systems * DFMA Cost Estimates of Fuel Cell/ Reformer Systems at Low, Medium, & High Production Rates * Assessment of Fuel Cell Auxiliary
NETL: News Release - GE Sets Benchmarks for Fuel Cell Performance
August 8, 2005 August 8, 2005 GE Sets Benchmarks for Fuel Cell Performance Achievements Move Efficient, Clean SOFC Technology Closer to Mainstream Energy Markets TORRANCE, CA - In the race to speed solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) technology out of niche markets and into widespread commercial use, GE Hybrid Power Generation Systems has kicked fuel cell performance into high gear. Recent advancements have dramatically improved baseline cell performance and accelerate GE's prospects for achieving the system efficiency and cost objectives of DOE's Solid State Energy Alliance (SECA) program. Packing more power into smaller volumes is one of the breakthroughs needed to reduce the cost and expand the use of efficient, environmentally friendly fuel cells. But increasing power density isn't the only goal; as power density increases, fuel cells must continue to efficiently and reliably convert fuel to electric power.
Relaxation studies on oil, pressboard and oil impregnated pressboard.
??In this thesis, a laboratory relaxation study with FDS and RVM was carried out for a period of 3 years with the fabricated oil (OIL),… (more)
Cao, Hongyan.
Why solar oil shale retorting produces more oil
A solar oil shale retorting process may produce higher oil yield than conventional processing. High oil yield is obtained for three reasons: oil carbonization inside of the shale is reduced, oil cracking outside of the shale is reduced, and oil oxidation is essentially eliminated. Unique capabilities of focused solar energy produce these advantages. An increase in yield will reduce the cost of mining and shale transportation per barrel of oil produced. These cost reductions may justify the increased processing costs that will probably be associated with solar oil shale retorting.
Aiman, W.R.
NETL: Oil & Natural Gas Projects: Shale Oil Upgrading Utilizing...
Companies providing oil samples of at least five (5) gallons include Chevron, Oil Shale Exploration Company (OSEC), and Red Leaf Resources, Inc. Background Work performed...
NETL: Oil and Natural Gas: Enhanced Oil Recovery
that have unconventional characteristics (e.g., oil in fractured shales, kerogen in oil shale, bitumen in tar sands) constitute an enormous potential domestic supply of energy....
Determination of Aluminum Rolling Oil and Machinery Oil Residues ...
Presentation Title, Determination of Aluminum Rolling Oil and Machinery Oil Residues on Aluminum Sheet and Foil by Using Elemental Analysis and Fourier ...
Handbook of Australasian Edible Oils
This book highlights various aspects of Australasian edible oils. Handbook of Australasian Edible Oils Food Science Health Nutrition Biochemistry Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Soft Bound Books Oils and Fats Specialist
NETL: Oil & Natural Gas Events
Home > Technologies > Oil and Natural Gas Supply > Events Oil and Natural Gas Supply Events The following is a listing of events of interest to the oil and natural gas community....
010-0527-5 The Legacy of Oil Spills J. T. Trevors & M. H.workers were killed, and oil has been gushing out everday. It is now June, and oil continues to spew forth into
Consumer Winter Heating Oil Costs
7 of 18 Notes: Using the Northeast as an appropriate regional focus for heating oil, the typical oil-heated household consumes about 680 gallons of oil during the winter, assuming...
Distillate and Crude Oil Price
fuel and residential heating oil prices on the East Coast is being driven by higher crude oil prices than last year and higher spreads. Crude oil is projected to average almost...
Menhaden Fish Oil
Physical Characteristics of Oils, Fats, and Waxes Menhaden Oil Specific Gravity (SG) 15.5/15.5°C. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .0.912– 0.930 25/25°C Other SG Refractive Index (RI) 25°C 40°C Other RI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (65) 1
Refining of shale oil
The refining of shale oil is reviewed to assess the current state-of-the-art, especially as to the avaiability of technology suitable for operation on a commercial scale. Oil shale retorting processes as they affect the quality of the crude shale oil for refining, exploratory research on the character and refining of shale oil, and other published refining background leading to the present status are discussed. The initial refining of shale oil requires the removal of a large concentration of nitrogen, an added step not required for typical petroleum crude oils, and recently published estimates show that the total cost of refining will be high. Specific technoloy is reported by industry to be technically proven and available for commercial-scale refining. Although the refining will be more costly than that of petroleum, the viability of a shale oil industry will also be affected greatly by the technology and costs of producing the crude shale oil, environmental costs, and future price and tax treatment, and these are outside the scope of this study of refining.
Lanning, W.C.
Oil price analysis
The transport has been in the whole history of mankind the basic and determining mover of the human society shape. It determined not only the position of towns, but also their inner design and it was also last but not least the basic element of the economic ... Keywords: GDP, deposit, fuels, history, market equilibrium, oil, oil reserves, price
Zdenek Riha; Viktorie Jirova; Marek Honcu
Edible Oils Package
Contains four (4) titles regarding frying and edible oils. Edible Oils Package Food Science & Technology Health - Nutrition - Biochemistry Value Packages 1766A8D5F05863694E128DE1C47D07C3 This Value Package includes: ...
Industrial Uses of Vegetable OilsChapter 3 Vegetable Oil-Based Engine Oils: Are They Practical?
Industrial Uses of Vegetable Oils Chapter 3 Vegetable Oil-Based Engine Oils: Are They Practical? Processing eChapters Processing Press Downloadable pdf of Chapter 3 Vegetable Oil-Based Engine Oils: Are They Practi
Balancing oil and environment... responsibly.
Balancing Oil and Environment…Responsibly As the price of oil continues to skyrocket and global oil production nears the brink, pursuing unconventional oil supplies, such as oil shale, oil sands, heavy oils, and oils from biomass and coal has become increasingly attractive. Of particular significance to the American way is that our continent has significant quantities of these resources. Tapping into these new resources, however, requires cutting-edge technologies for identification, production, processing and environmental management. This job needs a super hero or two for a job of this size and proportion…
Weimer, Walter C.; Teske, Lisa
Oil and Natural Gas - Search
Search Search NETL Oil and Natural Gas Document Information Oil & Natural Gas Document Repository Results will be shown in two categories. "Document Database Results" provides...
Peak oil: diverging discursive pipelines.
??Peak oil is the claimed moment in time when global oil production reaches its maximum rate and henceforth forever declines. It is highly controversial as… (more)
Doctor, Jeff