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US 7129944 B2 Abstract A method and system for efficient synthesis of photorealistic free-form knitwear, where a single cross-section of yarn serves as the basic primitive for modeling entire articles of knitwear. This primitive, called the lumislice, describes radiance from a yarn cross-section based on fine-level interactions, including occlusion, shadowing, and multiple scattering, among yarn fibers. By representing yarn as a sequence of identical but rotated cross-sections, the lumislice can effectively propagate local microstructure over arbitrary stitch patterns and knitwear shapes. This framework accommodates varying levels of detail and capitalizes on hardware-assisted transparency blending. To further enhance realism, a technique for generating soft shadows from yarn is also introduced.
Claims(23) 1. A system, comprising:
an operating system for a computing device; and
a graphics application program
for moving a semitransparent plane including a plurality of reflection points relative to an axis, and
for rendering an image of the plurality of reflection points at a plurality of positions with respect to the axis such that each said point maps an elongated, continuous image.
2. The system as defined in
3. The system as defined in
4. The system as defined in
5. The system as defined in
6. The system as defined in
a plurality of control points, each being located at an intersection of two axes, define a three-dimensional (3D) surface of a macrostructure;
the graphics application program rotates and translates the plane of the reflection points respectively about and along each said axis of the 3D surface of the macrostructure; and
the graphics application program renders a 3D model from a plurality of images of a plurality of positions of the planar plurality of reflection points with respect to each said axis of the 3D surface of the macrostructure.
7. The system as defined in
8. A system, comprising:
an operating system for a computing device; and
a graphics application program
for moving a plurality of voxels contained within parallel opposing planes with respect to an axis that is perpendicular to the parallel opposing planes, each said voxel being semitransparent and having a reflectance factor and a plurality of reflection points having a density, and
for rendering an image of the plurality of voxels at a plurality of positions with respect to the axis such that at least one said point maps an elongated, continuous image.
9. The system as defined in
10. The system as defined in
11. The system as defined in
12. The system as defined in
rendering the image comprises rendering a 3D model from a combination of images of the plurality of reflection points at a plurality of positions with respect to the axis; and
the rendered image accounts for the interaction of each said reflectance factor of each said voxel with respect to the other voxels of the plurality of voxels at each said position of said plurality of positions.
13. The system as defined in
a plurality of control points, each being located at an intersection of two axes, define a three-dimensional (3D) surface of a macrostructure;
the graphics application program rotates and translates the plane of the reflection points respectively about and along each said axis of the 3D surface of the macrostructure; and
the graphics application program renders a 3D model from a plurality of image of a plurality of positions of the planar plurality of reflection points with respect to each said axis of the 3D surface of the macrostructure.
14. The system as defined in
15. The system as defined in
the VRF represents the brightness of a voxel viewed from direction V(θv, φv) when illuminated by a unit intensity light from direction L(θl, φl);
the VRF is represented by a four-dimensional color array after discretization of the four angles θl, φl, θv, φv;
θ is a longitude angle; and
φ is an altitude angle.
16. The system as defined in
the discretization of the four angles θl, φl, θv, φv comprises the discretization into directional increments;
the directional increments for the longitude angle are θε[0,2π]; and
the directional increments of the altitude angle are φlε[−π/2,π/2].
17. The system as defined in
18. A system, comprising:
an operating system for a computing device; and
a graphics application program for rendering knitwear, further comprising one or more program modules
for generating a parameterized surface describing a three-dimensional (3D) knitwear macrostructure;
for determining a plurality of control points that define the parameterized surface, wherein each said control point is located at an intersection of two axes;
for applying a stitch pattern to each of the control points of the knitwear skeleton to form a skeleton of the yarn stitches;
for discretizing the skeleton of the yarn stitches into a plurality of discretized yarn segments;
for sorting the discretized yarn segments according to a viewing condition of a scene including the knitwear macrostructure and a distance of a view of the scene;
for inputting the plurality of discretized yarn segments into:
a geometry of the scene; and
a lighting condition of the scene;
for applying a lumislice, with respect to a resolution of the distance of the view of the scene and a sampling density, to each stitch of the stitch pattern of the sorted discretized yarn segments by translating and rotating the lumislice perpendicular to and respectively along and about each stitch of the stitch pattern applied to the plurality of intersecting axes, wherein the lumislice is semitransparent and is computed from a fiber distribution of a yarn cross-section; and
for rendering a synthesis of the scene including the knitwear macrostructure using the sorted discretized yarn segments having the lumislice applied thereto, the viewing condition of the scene, and the distance of the view of the scene.
19. The system of
20. The system of
21. The system of
each said lumislice characterizes attributions of a cross-sectional slice of yarn of the yarn stitches that is divided into voxels; and
each of the voxels has an associated opacity and voxel reflectance function (VRF).
22. The system as defined in
the VRF represents the brightness of a voxel viewed from direction V(θv, φv) when illuminated by a unit intensity light from direction L(θl, φl);
the VRF is represented by a four-dimensional color array after discretization of the four angles θl, φl, θv, φv;
θ is a longitude angle; and
φ is an altitude angle.
23. The system as defined in
the discretization of the four angles θl, φl, θv, φl comprises the discretization into directional increments;
the directional increments for the longitude angle are θε[0,2π]; and
the directional increments of the altitude angle are φε[−π/2,π/2].
Description This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/928,257 filed Aug. 10, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,961,058, entitled �Macrostructure Modeling With Microstructure Reflectance Slices,� to Guo Baining et al. This invention relates generally to three-dimensional (3D) modeling, and more specifically to modeling of macrostructure objects composed of elongated fibers, such as knitwear and hairpiece modeling. Textiles and clothing are part of everyday life. As such, realistic rendering of these articles has been an active area of computer graphics research for over a decade. In particular, modeling and rendering of knitwear poses a considerable challenge. Knitwear is constructed by spinning raw fibers into yarn. The yarn is then knitted into fabric based on a stitch pattern, and may optionally include a color pattern as well. The knitted fabric is then sewn into the desired clothing, such as a hat, scarf, or other type of clothing. One obstacle to realistic knitwear generation is the complicated microstructure of yarn. Close examination of yarn reveals countless thin fibers which give knitwear a fuzzy appearance. In order to be accurate, a computer rendering of a close-up view of knitwear should show fuzzy yarn fibers. Improper rendering of delicate fuzzy yarn fiber structures can result in aliasing that causes a scene to look artificial. Rendering a down-like covering with existing techniques is inadequate and cumbersome in that its appearance changes in detail with different viewing distances. Another difficulty presented by knitwear is its variations in shape. For knitwear lying flat, its microstructure has been efficiently displayed using prior art volume-rendering techniques; however, the only known techniques for rendering free-form knitwear with microstructure utilize Gouraud-shaded triangles, which was presented by H. Zhong, Y. Xu, B. Guo, and H. Shum, in the publication titled �Realistic and Efficient Rendering of Free-Form Knitwear�, published in the Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, Special Issue on Cloth Simulation, in February 2001 (Zhong et al.). Techniques disclosed in Zhong et al., however, do not accurately handle close-up views. Curved ray tracing, which is computationally expensive, does not effectively deal with multiple scattering that is especially evident on light-colored yarn. Curved ray tracing has a high rendering cost, and users must build different volumetric textures for different knitting patterns. This makes it difficult to model knitwear with advanced stitching patterns. Also, difficulties arise when the knitwear is severely deformed. To avoid the high cost of ray tracing, volumetric objects can be rendered by hardware-aided texture mapping with transparency blending. Limitations arise, however, from the use of graphics hardware. Graphics hardware in general cannot compute the shading or shadowing for each individual texture pixel, with the exception of the GeForce 3 graphics hardware model that is provided through the NVIDIA Corporation having a place of business at 2701 San Tomas Expressway, Santa Clara, Calif. 95050, and which can do per-pixel lighting but cannot capture multiple scattering nor the attenuation effect of light passing through yarn. If a two dimensional (2D) alpha texture is employed, the volumetric texture can be split into slices parallel to the viewport and sorted from far to near for accurate blending computation. Splitting and sorting are solvable, but if shading and shadowing cannot be accurately computed according to the lighting and viewing conditions of the volumetric texture, the rendering result would likely appear artificial. A way to achieve realistic shading effects is to compute the results of all possible lighting and viewing conditions offline, and save them in a volumetric texture data structure. A moderately complex scene, however, requires a prohibitive amount of storage and computation resources. Unlike woven fabrics, which can be well represented by specialized bidirectional reflectance (BRDF) models, knitwear is characterized by a macroscopic stitch structure that requires an explicit model of the knitting pattern and geometry. The microstructure of knitted yarn typically consists of a large number of thin fibers, where the size of yarn and stitches exceeds that of thread, thus precluding representation by BRDF models. Currently there are no convenient techniques for comprehensive photorealistic synthesis of knitwear. Photorealistic rendering of a material that is arranged repetitively into a macrostructure poses another problem when fine-level interactions are apparent among the relatively smaller elements that make up the material. Examples of these smaller elements that make up a material include fibers in a yarn that have been knit into knitwear, or individual hairs that are on a human head. These relatively smaller elements exhibit reflection and transmission interactions, which include shadowing, occlusion, and multiple scattering, which need to be considered for physically realistic rendering. Such details should moreover be visible over the entire object and change in appearance for varying viewing distances. Additionally, rendering methods should accommodate arbitrary forms of the material. These difficulties together have not been addressed by previous rendering approaches so as to achieve photorealistic rendering of knitwear that efficiently handles free-form surfaces, varying levels of detail from different viewing distances, and complex stitch geometry. A computer rendering system and method are presented for moving a planar plurality of reflection points perpendicular with respect to an axis to render an image of the plurality of reflection points at a plurality of positions with respect to the axis. Also presented are a system and method for rendering a macrostructure having a repetitive microstructure. Examples of such a macrostructure are knitwear, hair, carpets, and weaves. The repetitive microstructures are defined herein in terms of reflectance slices or �lumislices�. A reflectance slice or lumislice is a basic primitive for photorealistic rendering of such macrostructures. The lumislice, which represents a typical cross-section of a material of which an object is composed, represents light radiance from a yarn cross-section. Based upon the repetitive structure of yarn, articles of knitwear may be composed of lumislices. Implementations of the system and method account for light reflection and transmission details by modeling the entire object as a collection of lumislices. A lumislice models the fine-level light reflections and transmissions among the to-be-rendered material's individual elements. The lumislice can then be swept along the material that makes up the object to be rendered to produce photo-realistic renderings. The lumislice effectively propagates the material's local microstructure over the entire object to produce photorealistic renderings that accommodate varying levels of detail. As the lumislice represents a microstructure element of the larger material that makes up the object, the lumislice has the flexibility to be incorporated into any global shape. The lumislice, as a semi-transparent texture slice, can be used to render fuzzy objects such as animal hair, e.g. fur, as well as human hair via sweeping the object with the lumislice and then rendering a resultant sampled collection of lumislices. Generally, the same numbers are used throughout the drawings to reference like elements and features. Implementations of the present invention employ a microstructure element to render a macrostructure object. In one implementation, knitwear is a macrostructure object and the microstructure element is a reflectance primitive for yarn that represents a microstructure in a manner that allows for various levels of detail and hardware-assisted rendering. Although patterns of knitted yarn in knitwear can be complex, they are composed of a single basic element. For a given type of yarn, the distribution of fibers for each cross-section or slice is similar. An implementation to render knitwear models a yarn strand by winding a fixed two dimensional (2D) fluff distribution along the path of the yarn so as to synthesize knitwear from a single volumetric yarn cross-section. To exhibit realism, this cross-section incorporates fine visual effects, such as self-occlusion, self-shadowing, and multiple scattering. For different levels of detail, the resolution of this slice can be varied with smooth visual transitions. The slice is compactly represented in 2D as a single thin volumetric layer and can be computed offline. In addition, this structure is amenable to transparency blending for efficient rendering. 1. Lumislice-based Rendering Implementations of the invention directed to knitwear generated from a lumislice include both modeling and rendering. With respect to modeling, two components are included which are a lumislice and a stitch skeleton. 1.1 Object Synthesis The knitwear skeleton seen in In stitch pattern 300 of The key points of all of the quadrilaterals determine the overall shape of the knitwear model. Since the control points have respective physical relationships, so do the key points. As such, the relations among all the key points preserve the knitwear topological connections during stretching and deformation. As the underlying surface changes shape, each stitch loop also changes shape depending on its location in the knitwear. At the same time, each loop remains correctly interlocked with neighboring loops. Both a color pattern and a stitch pattern can be applied to the three-dimensional surface of the macrostructure in accordance with the knitwear skeleton seen in A variety of techniques, other than that disclosed herein, can be used to define the stitch and color patterns of the macrostructure that defines an article of knitwear. One such technique, discussed above, is that of Zhong et al. The knitwear's reflectance properties are determined from 1.2 The Lumislice The lumislice represents radiance from a yarn cross-section and arises from an observation that, based on the repetitive structure of yarn, articles of knitwear may be composed entirely of lumislices. This suggests a local and global structural hierarchy that can be formed for yarn to facilitate efficient photorealistic rendering. On the local hierarchy, there will be fine-level interactions among yarn fibers that include occlusion, shadowing, and multiple scattering. The results of their reflectance interactions, which can be modeled for a yarn cross-section, when so modeled are called a �lumislice�. An assumption can be made that the fluff on all cross-sections that are to be rendered follow the same fluff density distribution. On the global hierarchy, because of the repetitive nature of knitted yarn and its known path along a skeleton, knitwear can be represented as a collection of identical lumislices in various positions and orientations. It is this detailed but flexible quality that gives the lumislice much utility. Local microstructure can be closely represented in the lumislice, yet it can be globally disseminated to all points of a knitwear in that it does not introduce restrictions on the global structure of the knitted yarn. Enhanced realism can be achieved with a shadow map presented herein for yarn that is integrated into an implementation for soft shadow generation. Inclusion of such shadows can allow individual yarn fibers to be distinguished, as deep shadow maps have done for hair. Examples of lumislice-based renderings of a knitted fabric are seen in The lumislice may furthermore be extended to other materials that are made up of subpixel elements, such as hair, carpet or distant foliage. Applications of photorealistic knitwear rendering include web-based display of clothing products and fabric animation on moving characters. Automated generation of knitwear would also be desirable for motion pictures depicting anthropomorphized clothed furry animals, where fur and clothing structures would otherwise require significant labor to be synthesized. The Lumislice Computation The lumislice is the fundamental structure implemented for knitwear rendering. Attributes of the lumislice facilitate the rendering of knitwear at different viewing distances while maintaining appropriate macrostructure and macrostructure features. For a given illumination direction, the lumislice is computed as a light field for a yarn cross-section. The lumislice characterizes attributes of a cross-sectional slice of yarn that is divided into voxels. Each lumislice voxel has two associated quantities. The first quantity of each lumislice voxel is the opacity value of its yarn fluff, which is a value derived from the fluff density distribution of the yarn fibers as illustrated in Each of these voxels has an associated four-dimensional array that contains its opacity and its voxel reflectance function (VRF). The VRF represents the brightness of a voxel viewed from direction V(θv, φv), seen in Different kinds of yarn can be incorporated into a lumislice implementation by employing different cross-sectional fiber density distributions. Additionally, multiple scattering is calculated iteratively from reflections among neighboring voxels. The lumislice is precomputed and stored in tables such that hardware-assisted transparency blending can accelerate the rendering. Different resolutions of precomputed lumislices can be displayed depending upon the various levels of detail that arise from viewing a knitwear article from different distances. The single computed lumislice could be used for generating entire strings of yarn as exhibited in An implementation of the VRF is presented in terms of Rp, the outgoing radiance from voxel p. Three primary physical elements factor into the reflectance at a voxel p: the fluff density ρp, the shading model ψ of yarn, and the incident light distribution Imsp that results from multiple scattering among neighboring voxels N. The emission intensity from a voxel in principle can also affect a VRF, but this quantity for yarn is zero. These factors influence Rp according to
Rp can then be restated in terms of the spherical angles in FIG. 4:
Here, Cp is the VRF, which is a 4D function of θl,φl,θv,φv. It can be approximately represented by a 4D color array after discretization of the four angles, where the discretization increments are determined by the accuracy required. For all lumislices used in one implementation, the longitude angle θ∈[0,2π] and altitude angle φl∈[−π/2,π/2] are discretized into 32�21 directions, such that the 2D lumislice is computed from a 3D swept rotation of yarn cross-sections. In normal situations, the distance between the knitwear and the light source greatly exceeds the radius of the knitted yarn, so the assumption of parallel illumination is made. The spacing of the lumislices along yarn segments is related to the resolution of the lumislice, which is presented in Subsection 22.214.171.124, titled �Level of Detail�. For greater realism, multiple scattering between voxels is calculated to simulate light scattering among the fibers. This effect is quantified in the Imsp term, which aggregates the reflected intensity from neighboring voxels. For a neighboring voxel N from direction (θi,φi), its contribution to the multiple scattering towards p is computed from Eq. 4 as
Although multiple scattering could be computed iteratively from the surrounding voxels, a first-order approximation with adjacent voxels is adequate. The effect of the multiple scattering component on yarn rendering is visually beneficial for achieving realistic renderings. For additional simplification, the specular component of the VRF is ignored in one implementation, resulting in a view-independent reflectance function. This allows Cp to become a 2D function, and consequently the computational costs and storage requirement are significantly reduced. All implementation of lumislices in this one implementation consider only the diffuse effect. The lumislice of a given yarn is precomputed and stored in tables, with the VRF in a 2D Red-Green-Blue (RGB) color table indexed by (θL,φL) and the opacity in an alpha table. 1.2.2 Volumetric Yarn and Radiance Calculation Since the same lumislice, as seen in When the knitwear is rendered, all yarn segments are subdivided into a series of volumetric cross-sections, each represented by the lumislice. When a slice is drawn, its location, its local coordinate system <t,u,v>, the light source position and the viewpoint together determine the reflection angles θL,φL,θv,φv, as shown in 1.2.3 Pattern Stitching The path of the yarn, and likewise the arrangement of the lumislices, is given by the process of pattern stitching. In pattern stitching, a knitwear skeleton is built according to a given object surface and stitch pattern. This method is detailed in Zhong et al. and is briefly described here. The knitwear skeleton is a network of interlocking mathematical curves in three dimensions (3D) which interpolate control points that are placed according to the desired stitch pattern. An important feature of control points is that they simplify modelling and editing of advanced stitch patterns. An additional advantage of this framework is the modeling of interactions among yarn loops. This free-form structure for knitwear complements implementations of the lumislice method for realistic and efficient rendering. 1.2.4 Rendering With stitching, the knitwear skeleton is created on a free-form surface. The yarn along the skeleton is divided into a series of short, discretized straight segments with a twisting angle φ. The frame <t,n,b> is then defined for determining a local coordinate system <t,u,v> for each slice. With these slices, the rendering issues of depth sorting, slice partitioning, shadow casting, and levels of detail are described. Subsections 188.8.131.52�22.214.171.124 describe an implementation of a rendering system architecture and algorithm. 22.214.171.124 Sorting Discretized Yam Segments For the blending computation, the volumetric yarn slices must be drawn from far to near, thus requiring slice sorting before rendering. While the number of slices can be extremely large for complex scenes, implementations involve sorting the yarn segments rather than the slices if the yarn segments are short. The view direction and the positioning of a yarn segment determine the orientation in which its slices are rendered. 22.214.171.124 Slice Partitioning The transparency-blending function supported by graphics hardware performs its blending computation along slices parallel to the viewport. For knitwear, lumislices can have various orientations that differ greatly from that of the viewport. In In In 18.104.22.168 Shadows Shadows, for which there are many well-known generation techniques, are one of the most important factors for realism. Shadows are particularly important for realistic rendering of knitwear because they not only indicate the spatial relationship between knitwear and other geometric objects, but also visually reveal the knitting pattern of yarns. The rendering of Deep shadow maps can deal with semi-transparent or sub-pixel objects such as hair, fur and smoke because they represent the fractional visibility through a pixel at all possible depths, rather than only a single depth value. This technique, however, can be incompatible with implementations of the lumislice because part of the light attenuation has been already computed and stored in the lumislice to provide better effects of yarn microstructure. The traditional shadow map is therefore extended to handle yarn, an object having a geometry that is not clearly defined. While shadows are important in 3D rendering, they need not be exact. As such, lumislice implementations use a rough shadowing technique that include two steps. Like traditional shadow map techniques, the first step places a camera at the light source, making sure that all shadow generators and receivers are within the field of view. All objects except for knitwear are then projected to produce a shadow map containing a depth value. For knitwear, only the centerlines of yarns are projected to the shadow map. Thus the shadow map in one implementation will contain depth information of geometric objects and yarn centers. Next, referring to Finally, before a point p is rendered, it is projected onto the shadow map for shadow testing. If the projection result ps(xs,ys,zs) indicates total occlusion by geometric surfaces, then it is in shadow. Otherwise, the yarn-occlusion test is performed as follows: on the shadow map, if the closest distance d from (xs,ys) to the centerline of any yarn is smaller than Ry, light is partially absorbed by that yarn. Given the fluff density distribution seen in Implementations of the lumislice-based method render knitwear by a volumetric yarn slice using hardware-aided transparency blending. Shadows cannot be calculated for every pixel on a texture if the alpha-texture is employed to render volume-represented objects. Thus the shadow test can be performed only at the slice vertices, and the result is blended to the lumislice by adjusting the texture brightness so that the shadow effect can be seen. If higher accuracy is required, such as for rendering close-up views, the slice could be divided into sub-slices so that shadow computation can be done at more points to improve the result quality. 184.108.40.206 Level of Detail Representation To handle a wide range of viewing distances, a view-dependent level of detail representation of the lumislice is utilized to reduce the computational cost, to ensure smooth visual transitions, and to reduce rendering error. When the viewing distance changes, the projection size and visible features of a yarn slice on the screen should change accordingly. A lumislice of fixed resolution can cause errors when there is no simple method for determining proper opacity values, even though the color values of the lumislice can be obtained by using a mip-map. For this reason, lumislices of different resolutions can be precomputed. Then, a rendering can be made of each precomputed slice that is the most appropriate for its current viewing condition. For decreasing resolution of the lumislice, the lumislice unit of thickness should increase by the same factor. For instance, a low-resolution lumislice can be formed as the composite of two identical high-resolution lumislices. The resolution for rendering a slice depends upon the projection area of the slice on the screen. For a projection whose dimensions are at the most m pixels, a lumislice with resolution 2n�2n is chosen such that n is an integer and 2n≧m, to prevent aliasing. Although this implementation precomputes lumislices at intervals according to 2n, finer intervals may be implemented for more accuracy. The unit length corresponding to the determined resolution also describes the thickness of the lumislice. Lumislice densities along yarn are determined by dividing yarn segments by these computed resolution units. In other words, if the lumislices are considered to be two-dimensional, the resolution unit describes the distance between lumislices along yarn segments. 18.104.22.168 Rendering System Architecture 126.96.36.199 Rendering Algorithm From the implementations described above, actions to implement a rendering algorithm are presented in this Subsection 126.96.36.199, wherein the given models of the lumislice and the knitwear skeleton are used. At Action 1408, geometric objects are drawn with the shadow test under the same projection condition. The result is then saved in a 2nd Image Buffer. Yam segments that were discretized at Action 1310 of Before each slice is rendered, the vertices of each slice are projected into the 1st Image Buffer. If the slice is totally occluded by geometric objects, the slice is not rendered. Then all slices of the yarn segments are rendered going from the far slices to the near slices. The results is then saved in the 3rd Image Buffer at Action 1412. For every pixel in the 3rd Image Buffer, a check is made as to its corresponding value in the 1st Image Buffer at Action 1414. If the value is 1, then the pixel should display a geometric object, so the color of this pixel is replaced by the color of the corresponding pixel in the 2nd Image Buffer so as to properly process slices that are partially occluded. The final result is obtained after all the pixels are checked. The scene can then be synthesized, as in Action 1338 of From the summary, those of skill in the art of textile modeling will appreciate that lumislice-based implementations for knitwear modeling have the following advantages:
Exemplary Computing System and Environment The exemplary computing environment 1700 is only one example of a computing environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope of use or functionality of the computer and network architectures. Neither should the computing environment 1700 be interpreted as having any dependency or requirement relating to any one or combination of components illustrated in the exemplary computing environment 1700. The macrostructure modeling with microstructure reflectance slices system and method may be implemented with numerous other general purpose or special purpose computing system environments or configurations. Examples of well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use include, but are not limited to, personal computers, server computers, thin clients, thick clients, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, set top boxes, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. The macrostructure modeling with microstructure reflectance slices system and method may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The macrostructure modeling with microstructure reflectance slices system and method may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices. The computing environment 1700 includes a general-purpose computing device in the form of a computer 802. The components of computer 1702 can include, but are not limited to, one or more processors or processing units 1704, a system memory 1706, and a system bus 1708 that couples various system components including the processor 1704 to the system memory 1706. The system bus 908 represents one or more of any of several types of bus structures, including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, an accelerated graphics port, and a processor or local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. By way of example, such architectures can include an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, an Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, a Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and a Peripheral Component Interconnects (PCI) bus also known as a Mezzanine bus. Computer 1702 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Such media can be any available media that is accessible by computer 1702 and includes both volatile and non-volatile media, removable and non-removable media. The system memory 1706 includes computer readable media in the form of volatile memory, such as random access memory (RAM) 1710, and/or non-volatile memory, such as read only memory (ROM) 1712. A basic input/output system (BIOS) 1714, containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 1702, such as during start-up, is stored in ROM 1712. RAM 1710 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently operated on by the processing unit 1704. System memory 1706 is an example of a means for storing data having inputs and outputs and a frame buffer for storing pixel representations from which to render a three-dimensional graphical object. Computer 1702 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media. By way of example, The disk drives and their associated computer-readable media provide non-volatile storage of computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for computer 1702. Although the example illustrates a hard disk 1716, a removable magnetic disk 1720, and a removable optical disk 1724, it is to be appreciated that other types of computer readable media which can store data that is accessible by a computer, such as magnetic cassettes or other magnetic storage devices, flash memory cards, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, random access memories (RAM), read only memories (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), and the like, can also be utilized to implement the exemplary computing system and environment. Any number of program modules can be stored on the hard disk 1716, magnetic disk 1720, optical disk 1724, ROM 1712, and/or RAM 1710, including by way of example, an operating system 1726, one or more graphics application programs 1728, other program modules 1730, and program data 1732. Each of such operating system 1726, one or more graphics application programs 1728, other program modules 1730, and program data 1732 (or some combination thereof) may include an embodiment of program code to perform the macrostructure modeling with microstructure reflectance slices system and method. A user can enter commands and information into computer 1702 via input devices such as a keyboard 1734 and a pointing device 1736 (e.g., a �mouse�). Other input devices 1738 (not shown specifically) may include a microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, serial port, scanner, and/or the like. These and other input devices are connected to the processing unit 1704 via input/output interfaces 1740 that are coupled to the system bus 1708, but may be connected by other interface and bus structures, such as a parallel port, game port, or a universal serial bus (USB). A monitor 1742 or other type of display device can also be connected to the system bus 1708 via an interface, such as a video adapter/accelerator 1744. Video adapter/accelerator 1744 is intended to have a component thereof that represents 3-D commodity graphics hardware. As such, the 3-D commodity graphics hardware is coupled to the high-speed system bus 1706. The 3-D commodity graphics hardware may be coupled to the system bus 1708 by, for example, a cross bar switch or other bus connectivity logic. It is assumed that various other peripheral devices, or other buses, may be connected to the high-speed system bus 1708, as is well known in the art. Further, the 3-D commodity graphics hardware may be coupled through one or more other buses to system bus 1708. In addition to the monitor 1742, other output peripheral devices can include components such as speakers (not shown) and a printer 1746 which can be connected to computer 1702 via the input/output interfaces 1740. Computer 1702 can operate in a networked environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computing device 1748. By way of example, the remote computing device 1748 can be a personal computer, portable computer, a server, a router, a network computer, a peer device or other common network node, and the like. The remote computing device 1748 is illustrated as a portable computer that can include many or all of the elements and features described herein relative to computer 1702. Logical connections between computer 1702 and the remote computer 1748 are depicted as a local area network (LAN) 1750 and a general wide area network (WAN) 1752. Such networking environments are commonplace in offices, enterprise-wide computer networks, intranets, and the Internet. When implemented in a LAN networking environment, the computer 1702 is connected to a local network 1750 via a network interface or adapter 1754. When implemented in a WAN networking environment, the computer 1702 typically includes a modem 1756 or other means for establishing communications over the wide network 1752. The modem 1756, which can be internal or external to computer 1702, can be connected to the system bus 1708 via the input/output interfaces 1740 or other appropriate mechanisms. It is to be appreciated that the illustrated network connections are exemplary and that other means of establishing communication link(s) between the computers 1702 and 1748 can be employed. In a networked environment, such as that illustrated with computing environment 1700, program modules depicted relative to the computer 1702, or portions thereof, may be stored in a remote memory storage device. By way of example, remote application programs 1758 reside on a memory device of remote computer 1748. For purposes of illustration, application programs and other executable program components such as the operating system are illustrated herein as discrete blocks, although it is recognized that such programs and components reside at various times in different storage components of the computing device 1702, and are executed by the data processor(s) of the computer. Computer-Executable Instructions An implementation of the macrostructure modeling with microstructure reflectance slices system and method may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. Exemplary Operating Environment The operating environment is only an example of a suitable operating environment and is not intended to suggest any limitation as to the scope or use of functionality of the exemplary macrostructure modeling with microstructure reflectance slices system and method described herein. Other well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that are suitable for use include, but are not limited to, personal computers (PCs), server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, programmable consumer electronics, wireless phones and equipments, general- and special-purpose appliances, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, distributed computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices, and the like. Computer Readable Media An implementation of an exemplary macrostructure modeling with microstructure reflectance slices system and method may be stored on or transmitted across some form of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise �computer storage media� and �communications media.� �Computer storage media� include volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by a computer. �Communication media� typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as carrier wave or other transport mechanism. Communication media also includes any information delivery media. The term �modulated data signal� means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared, and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above are also included within the scope of computer readable media. For purposes of the explanation, specific numbers, materials and configurations are set forth above in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without the specific exemplary details. In other instances, well-known features are omitted or simplified to clarify the description of the exemplary implementations of present invention, and thereby better explain the present invention. Furthermore, for ease of understanding, certain method operations are delineated as separate operations; however, these separately delineated operations should not be construed as necessarily order dependent in their performance. The inventors intend these exemplary implementations to be examples and not to limit the scope of the present invention. Rather, the inventors have contemplated that the present invention might also be embodied and implemented in other ways, in conjunction with other present or future technologies. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. The described embodiments are to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are to be embraced within their scope. Patent Citations
Non-Patent Citations
Referenced by
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text:
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Harrison Ford crashed his WWII era Ryan Aeronautical ST3KR plane onto the Penmar Golf Course on Thursday, but it wasn't the first airborne mishap for the 72-year-old, who is thankfully expected to make a full recovery from his injuries. Ford, who first fell in love with aviation in the '60s, crashed a helicopter into a dry river bed in October 1999 during a routine training flight in Santa Clarita, California. While the Hollywood A-lister and his flying instructor escaped uninjured, the helicopter wasn't so lucky. In 2000, the "Indiana Jones" star was at the helm of a Beechcraft Bonanza when wind shear forced him to make an emergency landing at Lincoln Municipal Airport in Nebraska. Ford and his passenger were uninjured when the plane clipped the runway and it's wing tips were damaged. But while there has been some drama in his decades-long piloting career, Ford has also used his skills to come to other people's rescues. Check out the video to find out about Harrison, the real-life hero, and tune in to "The Insider With Yahoo" on TV tonight for the latest in entertainment news.
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Peer Reviewed
Richard II (Quarto 1, 1597)
King Richard the second.
Enter Iohn of Gaunt with the Duchesse of Glocester.
219Doth more sollicite me than your exclaimes,
222Which made the fault that we cannot correct:
223Put we our quarrell to the will of heauen,
224Who when they see the houres ripe on earth,
225Will raine hot vengeance on offenders heads.
227Hath loue in thy old bloud no liuing fire?
233But Thomas my deare Lord, my life, my Glocester,
234One violl full of Edwards sacred bloud,
236Is crackt, and all the precious liquor spilt,
237Is hackt downe, and his summer leaues all faded
238By Enuies hand, and Murders bloudy axe.
239Ah Gaunt, his bloud was thine, that bed, that womb,
245Who was the modell of thy fathers life:
246Call it not patience Gaunt, it is dispaire,
249Teaching sterne Murder how to butcher thee:
250That which in meane men we intitle Patience,
251Is pale cold Cowardice in noble breasts.


text:
Anoxia and Hypoxia
Andersen, J.B., M.S. Hedrick, and T. Wang (2003). Cardiovascular responses to hypoxia and anaemia in the toad bufo marinus. Journal of Experimental Biology 206(5): 857-865. ISSN: 0022-0949. Online: http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00184 NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77 Descriptors: amphibians, toad, anemia, hypoxia, cardiovascular, ventilatory responses, arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure.
Bickler, P.E. and L.T. Buck (2007). Hypoxia tolerance in reptiles, amphibians, and fishes: life with variable oxygen availability. Annual Review of Physiology 69: 145-170. ISSN: 0066-4278. Abstract: The ability of fishes, amphibians, and reptiles to survive extremes of oxygen availability derives from a core triad of adaptations: profound metabolic suppression, tolerance of ionic and pH disturbances, and mechanisms for avoiding free-radical injury during reoxygenation. For long-term anoxic survival, enhanced storage of glycogen in critical tissues is also necessary. The diversity of body morphologies and habitats and the utilization of dormancy have resulted in a broad array of adaptations to hypoxia in lower vertebrates. For example, the most anoxia-tolerant vertebrates, painted turtles and crucian carp, meet the challenge of variable oxygen in fundamentally different ways: Turtles undergo near-suspended animation, whereas carp remain active and responsive in the absence of oxygen. Although the mechanisms of survival in both of these cases include large stores of glycogen and drastically decreased metabolism, other mechanisms, such as regulation of ion channels in excitable membranes, are apparently divergent. Common themes in the regulatory adjustments to hypoxia involve control of metabolism and ion channel conductance by protein phosphorylation. Tolerance of decreased energy charge and accumulating anaerobic end products as well as enhanced antioxidant defenses and regenerative capacities are also key to hypoxia survival in lower vertebrates. Descriptors: amphibians, reptiles, fishes, hypoxia tolerance, variable oxygen availability, adaptations, controlof metabolism, regenerative capacities.
Mcaneney, J., A. Gheshmy, S. Uthayalingam, and S.G. Reid (2006). Chronic hypoxia modulates NMDA-mediated regulation of the hypoxic ventilatory response in an amphibian, Bufo marinus. Respiratory Physiology and Neurobiology 153(1): 23-38. ISSN: 1569-9048. NAL Call Number: QP121.A1 R4 Descriptors: amphibians, Bufo marinus, toad, chronic hypoxia, NMDA mediated regulation, hypoxic ventilatory response, breathing pattern.
McKean, T., G. Li, and K. Wei (2002). Cardiac effects of hypoxia in the neotenous tiger salamander Ambystoma tigrinum. Journal of Experimental Biology 205(12): 1725-1734. ISSN: 0022-0949. NAL Call Number: 442.8 B77 Descriptors: amphibians, tiger salamander, Ambystoma tigrinum, hypoxia, cardiac effects, cardiac output, cardiac mass, oxygen consumption.
Warren, D.E. and D.C. Jackson (2004). The role of the skeleton in acid-base balance during anoxia in the leopard frog. FASEB Journal 18(4-5): Abst. 238.3. ISSN: 0892-6638. NAL Call Number: QH301.F3 Descriptors: amphibians, leopard frog, skeleton role, acid base balance, anoxia, overwintering, lactic acid buffering, submergence, meeting. Notes: Meeting Information: FASEB Meeting on Experimental Biology: Translating the Genome, Washington, District of Columbia, USA; April 17-21, 2004.
Yu, S.y., K.y. Si, Z.h. Liu, Z.r. Wang, and J.l. Wang (2004). Compare observation on the microvascular casts of the lungs of lizard and toad. Journal of the Northwest Normal University Natural Sciences 40(2): 55-58. ISSN: 1001-988X. Descriptors: lizard, toad, amphibians, Bufo raddei, blood vessels, lungs, microvascular casts. Language of Text: Chinese; Summary in Chinese and English.


text:
25 West Antietam Street
Most errands can be accomplished on foot.
Score Details
25 West Antietam Street has a Walk Score of 84 out of 100. This location is Very Walkable so most errands can be accomplished on foot.
This location is in Hagerstown. Nearby parks include Hagerstown Commercial Core Historic District, South Prospect Street Historic District and Hager Park.
Nearby schools include Hagerstown Childrens School, St Mary Catholic School and my Little Angel's Day Care.
The closest grocery stores are La Bodega Market, N & Locust Food Market and Aldi.
Nearby coffee shops include The Oasis Hookah Lounge and Cafe, Greens 'N' Grains Market Cafe and Yumminess Bakery & Cafe. Nearby restaurants include Schmankerl Stube, Flying Pie Co and Bulls & Bears.
25 West Antietam Street is near Greenawalt Park, Memorial Park and Brandenburg Memorial Park.
Explore how far you can travel by car, bus, bike and foot from 25 West Antietam Street.
Bus lines:
Baltimore - Grantsville
0.3 mi
View all Hagerstown apartments on a map.
Popular apartment searches include hardwood floor, pool and fireplace. View all Hagerstown apartments and rentals.
This location is in the city of Hagerstown, MD. Hagerstown has an average Walk Score of 51 and has 39,662 residents.


text:
Sunrise ……… Sunset
over the mountains,
casting its burning fire
into the sky.
The same thing happens
each and every morning,
whether I see it or not.
behind the mountains,
turning the evening sky
into molten gold.
The same thing happens
each and every evening
whether I see it or not.
But what happens in between?
We spend our time
in conversation.
We laugh, we plan,
We share our thoughts and dreams
We look into each other's soul
I tell you that I love you.
You smile.
Then you go home
to your partner,
refreshed, happy, and content.
I go home to mine
and plan for a new day.
Sunrise, Sunset.


text:
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text:
From MagicPedia, the free online encyclopedia for magicians by magicians.
Revision as of 01:49, 21 June 2010 by Philippe billot (Talk | contribs)
Magic related events from the year 1802.
See also:
View all MagicPedia articles that include links to the year 1802.
Please add any notable events below if an article falls within this year.
- Phillippe, who performed magic as a medieval sorcerer, is born, Dec 28
- Richard Potter, begins working as an assistant to John Rannie
- Vol. four of Rational Recreations, by Dr. W. Hooper, is published, and it includes a reference to the Stripper Deck and the premise of Oil and Water


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Relief pitcher preview: Just like last season, this pos... by Michael Beller Will former MVP front-runners Kemp, Braun turn a profit... Will former MVP front-runners Kemp, Braun turn a profit... by Michael Beller Player Profile: Don't sleep on Alex Wood, who has plent... Player Profile: Don't sleep on Alex Wood, who has plent... by Michael Beller Player Profile: Reyes a risky choice amid slim pickings... Player Profile: Reyes a risky choice amid slim pickings... by Michael Beller Player Profile: Despite his age, Adrian Beltre still a... Player Profile: Despite his age, Adrian Beltre still a... by Michael Beller Is Miguel Cabrera still a fantasy baseball first-round... Is Miguel Cabrera still a fantasy baseball first-round... by Michael Beller Player Profile: Carrasco's success late last season sho... Player Profile: Carrasco's success late last season sho... by Michael Beller Close Tweet0 Share0 Comment0 Share0 Share0 Stumble It0 Print0 More Fantasy Fantasy football 2014 draft strategies: Late first-round picks Photo: Jason Miller/Getty Images by Michael Beller Twitter Email Posted: Tue Aug. 12, 2014 One thing we know about all fantasy football drafts is that there will be an element of unpredictability. All it takes is one or two rogue picks to send your draft hurtling in a direction that you did not expect. That's why you have to head into any draft with a few strategies upon which you can rely. This week, we'll take a look at certain strategies that can help you hoist the fantasy hardware in December. Some will pertain to specific draft slots, while others will apply regardless of where you fall in your draft. The first installment falls into the former category, looking at the best course of action for those selecting at or near the end of the first round. FANTASY FOOTBALL POSITION RANKINGS AND PROJECTIONS: TOP 300 QB RB WR TE K DST Unless you're new in these parts, you're well aware of the writer's affinity for wide receivers this season. After the top six running backs, there are a lot of question marks at fantasy's most coveted position. By contrast, the first two tiers of receivers go 10-deep, and the seven guys in the first tier all feel like locks to meet or exceed their draft-day prices. It was just one year ago that Doug Martin (second), Arian Foster (fourth), C.J. Spiller (fifth), Trent Richardson (eighth) and Ray Rice (ninth) were selected in the top 10 in a typical draft. We know what happened to all of them last year. In that same typical draft, the person with the ninth pick took Rice and Steven Jackson with his first two picks. That might have worked out great five years ago, but the NFL of last decade is no longer. Meanwhile, A.J. Green had an average draft position of 17.8 in 2013. Brandon Marshall's ADP was 23.7. Demaryius Thomas' was at 26.1. Each of those receivers finished among the top-12 non-quarterback scorers a year ago. Owners picking at the end of the first round in a 10- or 12-team draft would be wise to learn a lesson from last season. Calvin Johnson will likely be off the board by the sixth or seventh pick, but most, if not all, of the next six receivers – Demaryius Thomas, Brandon Marshall, A.J. Green, Jordy Nelson, Julio Jones and Dez Bryant, in some order – are likely to be available. Let's break down why grabbing two of these guys makes more sense than taking, say, backs like DeMarco Murray and Giovani Bernard. Fantasy Draft Primer: Top three picks Sports Illustrated's lead fantasy writer Michael Beller reveals his top three picks headed into the 2014 fantasy football season. Fantasy Fantasy football 2014 draft primer: AFC breakouts by David Gonos 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 More ]All six of those receivers have safer, higher floors than running backs being selected in the same range. Thomas, Marshall, Green, Jones and Bryant all scored at least 12.6 fantasy points per game in standard-scoring leagues. If you only count the eight games started and finished by Aaron Rodgers, Nelson had an average of 15.4 points per game, which trailed only Josh Gordon and Megatron. A grand total of 11 running backs scored a minimum of 12.6 points per game last year. Six of them are our top-six guys -- Jamaal Charles, LeSean McCoy, Matt Forte, Adrian Peterson, Eddie Lacy and Marshawn Lynch -- all of whom are likely to be gone by the latter stages of the first round. The other five were all selected well after the late-first or early-second round, getting at the very nature of the running back position in 2014. That was not an anomaly. MORE: NFC breakouts: Floyd, Reed primed for surprising seasons When we do a postmortem of the season, the top-10 backs are likely to be a combination of the ones we consider elite right now and middle- or late-round picks that make a leap or come from out of nowhere. Last year's top 10 in points per game included Murray, (27.4 ADP), Lacy (29.4) and Knowshon Moreno (99.8). In 2012, Martin (25.4), Alfred Morris (144.8), Spiller (98.6) and Stevan Ridley (56) all finished in the top 10, while preseason darlings being taken in the late-first or early-second round like Darren McFadden, Maurice Jones-Drew and Murray busted for their owners. It's a spot that has proven to be fraught with peril for running backs. Why even mess with that when the receivers are so rock-solid? Fantasy ADP review: Gronkowski rising fast, a mid-round QB comparison and more by Michael Beller 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 More The best part about taking two elite receivers early is you've now etched in stone high floors from your first two picks. Let's say you're picking in the No. 10 spot in a 12-team league and end up with A.J. Green and Brandon Marshall. You're next two picks are set to come at Nos. 34 and 39 overall. Some backs available in an average draft at these spots include Reggie Bush, Spiller, Toby Gerhart, Rashad Jennings, Ryan Mathews and Frank Gore. In other words, you won't exactly be scraping from the bottom of the barrel by time you turn your attention to backs. Even when your fifth (No. 58 overall) and sixth (No. 63) picks roll around, you could be looking at guys like Chris Johnson, Joique Bell, Ben Tate, Lamar Miller and Stevan Ridley. Again, you will have options. We have stressed time and again the importance of locking in high floors early in fantasy football drafts. You probably aren't going to win your league in the first two rounds, but you can lose it with whiff on the order of 2013 Trent Richardson. The best way to insulate yourself against such a bust is to focus on the crop of receivers that look to be as close to bust-proof as possible. When they're all going for 1,200-plus yards and somewhere between eight and 14 touchdowns this season, you'll thank us. POSITION PRIMERS:QB | RB | WR | TE | K | DST Fantasy Draft Primer: Three players to avoid Sports Illustrated's lead fantasy writer Michael Beller unveils three players to stay away from this year. Promoted Stories Comments More Fantasy


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Politics - Page 13
GOP States: Obama Must Make Budget Cuts
Gaurding The Border With Beanbags
This is what we have resorted to. Defending the border against Mexican drug cartels and violent illegals by using bean bag guns. They are firing at our border agents (killing one recently) with AK 47's and we have to use bean bag guns in order to be politically correct. And now it turns out that there is opposition to the use of those! What a joke.
Obama Will Not Arm US Agents In Mexico
Protestors Sleeping At Wisconsin Capitol
Policy To Consider Giving Organs To Younger Patients
Obama Steps Away From Unions For 2012
House Votes To Defund Obamacare
Obama Has Meeting With California Tech Titans Over Jobs Numbers
White House Plans To Veto GOP Budget
The White House threatened to veto a Republican spending bill that would cut billions from the current year's budget, putting House GOP lawmakers on a collision course as they moved into a second day of debate on the package Wednesday.
The GOP bill, separate from the 2012 budget President Obama unveiled on Mon


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Go hard till you can't go no more...and then keep going #TrackNation #LakerNation #WhoDatNation #YankeeNation IG: @chris_stopherr
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lmao died when i saw this #WeakAF
coolin with my lil homie Ava
shit like this happen every day
#ThoughtsInClass this bitch
it's after 11 and he still don't wanna sleep
chillin with my lil homie
@coraliraliz lol I'm sorry i had to do it #tbt
lol hol on lemme unfollow this nigga
@FBallLove this one
When your parents come in and almost catch you doing something lol
how you hatin from outside the tub? you can't even get ahahaha
_xoKimberlee you know what I didn't even want it
dammit Tyrone
lmao Santa a hoe nigga
My dad said I can get 2 new pairs of spikes if I run a sub 50 second 400 this year. Bet
My nieces been enjoying Christmas #Christmas2012
hahaha I'm thruuuuu
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18th December 2013
Teen health charity calls on BBC to review guidelines following Graham Norton AIDS ribbon row 5
11:38 AM — The CEO of young people's sexual health charity Brook has criticised the BBC's decision to discipline Graham Norton for wearing an HIV/AIDS awareness ribbon on his Friday night chat show.
17th December 2013
Star of BBC sitcom denies calling PinkNews reader a 'Batty man' on Twitter 26
6:34 PM — An actress who starred in the BBC One sitcom The Wright Way and played a lesbian character in the show has strenuously denied making homophobic comments on Twitter and says her account was hacked.
16th December 2013
Former Culture Secretary: BBC must review guidelines following Graham Norton AIDS ribbon row 15
2:50 PM — Former Culture Secretary Ben Bradshaw has written to BBC Director General Lord Hall over the decision to discipline Graham Norton for wearing a ribbon for World AIDS Day, and says the corporation is not being consistent with its own guidelines.
13th December 2013
Why can BBC presenters promote Comic Relief but not World AIDS Day? 36
7:49 PM — The BBC is refusing to explain the difference in allowing presenters to promote Comic Relief by wearing red noses – and not allowing presenters to promote World AIDS Day by wearing red ribbons.
12th December 2013
Labour calls on Director General to update BBC guidelines after Graham Norton disciplined for wearing AIDS ribbon 14
6:48 PM — The Chair of the All Party Parliamentary Group on HIV and AIDS has written to BBC Director General Lord Hall over the decision to discipline Graham Norton for wearing an HIV/AIDS awareness ribbon on his Friday night chat show.
11th December 2013
Video: Character from hit CBBC series Wizards vs Aliens comes out as gay 21
6:14 PM — A lead character in a hit CBBC series has come out as gay to his best friend in a touching scene.
26th November 2013
Sean Bean wins International Emmy for transvestite role 3
1:54 PM — British actor Sean Bean has won an International Emmy for his work portraying a transvestite character in the BBC One drama series Accused.
25th November 2013
Eastenders star June Brown: I was glad when Dot Cotton lost her anti-gay views
6:13 PM — Actress June Brown says it felt like a challenge playing her alter ego, Dot Cotton, in Eastenders during the late 1980s, when Dot had difficulty in accepting homosexuality.
20th November 2013
Broadcaster and gay rights campaigner Ray Gosling dies, aged 74 7
12:09 PM — The journalist, broadcaster and gay rights campaigner, Ray Gosling, has died.
13th November 2013
BBC to produce film showing how gay campaigners supported the miners in 1984 5
4:29 PM — The BBC is making a drama based on a true story about a group of gay and lesbian activists who raised money to support the miners in 1984.
4th November 2013
Paul Gambaccini pulls out of hosting Annie Lennox event following arrest
6:02 PM — Paul Gambaccini, the gay radio and television presenter, has pulled out from hosting the 22nd Music Industry Trusts (MITs) Award dinner in London following his arrest last week on suspicion of sexual offences.
3rd November 2013
BBC presenter Paul Gambaccini denies sexual offences claims
9:46 AM — Paul Gambaccini, the gay BBC TV and radio presenter, has denied sexual offences claims after he was arrested on suspicion under Operation Yewtree.
1st November 2013
BBC presenter Paul Gambaccini arrested on suspicion of historical sexual offences
6:21 PM — Paul Gambaccini, the gay BBC TV and radio presenter, has been arrested on suspicion of sexual offences under Operation Yewtree.
31st October 2013
Paris Lees makes history as BBC Question Time's first out trans panellist 20
5:24 PM — History will be made on BBC One tonight when Paris Lees becomes the first transgender panellist to appear on Question Time.
30th October 2013
BBC survey: Tom Daley's Splash! favourite for gay men whilst lesbians like Rules of Engagement 2
3:18 PM — ITV's 'Vicious' and 'Splash!' have been rated the most popular programmes for young gay men in a BBC survey, whilst for lesbians in the same age category 'Rules of Engagement' followed by 'Never Mind the Buzzcocks' are the most popular shows.
22nd October 2013
Review: Stephen Fry – Out There 16
2:34 PM — Reviewing Stephen's Fry's BBC documentary on homophobia and transphobia for PinkNews.co.uk, James Evans says he was moved to tears on several occasions by the plight of those featured in the programme.
15th October 2013
'In an ideal society we would punish homosexuals', says Islamic cleric in BBC interview 131
12:47 PM — The Chairman of the Islamic Centre in Luton believes gay people would be punished in an ideal world of Britain resembling an Islamic state.
9th October 2013
Stephen Fry: For the first time ever, I'm on effective medication for my bipolar 24
6:29 PM — Stephen Fry says he has moved on from the "mad compulsion" which led to a suicide attempt last year and is on effective medication for the first time "that really seems to be working".
8th October 2013
Radio 1's Nick Grimshaw slept with woman as he thought being gay was a phase 7
7:05 PM — Nick Grimshaw says he previously slept with a girlfriend at university because he thought being gay was a phase - and has also been quizzed about his friendship with Harry Styles.
19th September 2013
Gary Lineker to wear anti-homophobia rainbow laces on Match of the Day 5
12:34 PM — Gary Lineker has requested a pair of rainbow laces so he can wear them on Saturday night's Match of the Day in support of a campaign against homophobia in football.


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Parents from Public School 185 have turned down an offer from Verizon Wireless to provide funding for a study of radio frequency data from the company's cell towers situated on a building across the street from the school.
Members of the PTA at P.S. 185, Ridge Boulevard and 85th Street, rejected the offer after it was discussed at the group's meeting, said Tressa Kabbez, the co-president of the PTA.
Verizon had offered to finance the study, said David Samberg, a company spokesperson, in an email statement, noting that it could have been conducted by "a third-party expert chosen by the community."
However, explained Kabbez, "We still don't have a 10-year study of what this will do over time.
"It is not what we really want," Kabbez added, stressing, "We want them (the cell towers) removed because nobody knows what will happen over time."
Besides rejecting the offer, parents also held their second protest against the installation, marching from the school to the Verizon Wireless store at 86th Street and Fifth Avenue. Objections have focused on the unknown health risks posed by the equipment.
In response to concerns expressed by the school's PTA, on April 8th, Verizon had relocated the towers, which were initially installed on the exterior of 8701 Ridge Boulevard, facing the school. Now, the towers are on the building's roof, 25 feet further away from the school, and pointed away from it.
"It is our sincere hope that these extra measures will allay any concerns expressed by parents and the community at large," noted Samberg.
The towers were put up in early January, and parents have been battling to have them taken down ever since. There is particular concern about the long-term effects of radiation from the equipment, especially because there is a rooftop play area now under construction at the school.
However, actually getting the company to remove the equipment is extremely difficult, in large part because the Federal Telecommuni-cations Act of 1996 basically prohibits municipalities from denying cell phone companies the ability to install transmission equipment, though it does allow local governments some say over such issues as placement and construction.
As it now stands, cell phone companies are not even required to notify the community of impending installations.
Among efforts to control cell tower siting is legislation introduced by State Senator Marty Golden and Assemblymember Janele Hyer-Spencer that would prevent cell phone companies from putting antennae within 500 feet of a school, plus require 90 day notice to the community.
Explained Hyer-Spencer, "While awaiting concrete evidence of potential health risks, we cannot sit idly by and gamble with the lives of hundreds of innocent students."
Dialogue between parents and Verizon Wireless will continue, said Golden aide John Quaglione, who told this paper that a meeting between the parties had been brokered by Golden, to take place, "Within the next 10 days."
The legislation introduced recently, Quaglione added, was, "Getting the attention of the cell phone industry, that this is a real problem, that putting the equipment up near schools is a no-no. The parents are keeping the pressure on. So, it's not over yet."
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Get Instant Pricing with Edmunds Price Promise℠
1Look for "Special Offers" on a specific car
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1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
This car is a blast to drive. Handles like a true rally car in the curves! With the AWD, it handles exceptionally well off road.
I honestly believe that this car handles/ drives even smoother in the rain! 154,000 miles and still counting! I have the S model, which on here says it's a manual, but i do infact have the crafty automatic. The leather interior has held up greatly & the seat warmers come in handy on those brisk mornings.
Getting rid of my car & having this vehicle has truely inspired me to make it a point to get out of the office & enjoy the outdoors. It's the perfect utility vehicle that also doubles as an economical, every day driver. I hope to keep this for a looong time!
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
I've owned the vehicle since it was new. I bought the car in NC and brought it to my home in Minnesota. what an excellent choice! I've had the same battery crank in sub-zero temps for 11 years! However, when it does break down, you will cry. Head gaskets blew at 70K and the repairs cost me $2200. After that, no problems. Fun to drive and an Excellent teen car!
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
Bought this car as a family car when moving up north to snow country between the Catskills and Adirondacks. Has always performed to expectations. With the right tires -- the original Yoko Geolanders, or the replacement Goodyear Triple Treads -- it grips exceptionally well, handles nimbly, accelerates smoothly and rapidly. My mechanics say it's got the bones to reach over 300,000 miles. So far, w/ 119K miles, it's on the 4th set of tires and it's only needed regularly scheduled maintenance. Still looks and drives like a new car. Unless some dealer comes out with a similar SUV wagon that gets >33 MPG, this car will be maintained and driven as long as possible -- hopefully 14 more years.
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
I put on 324,000 miles on my '99 Forester and finally have a problem with the transmission. Did a valve job about 290,000 miles. Replacement engines were hard to find. Had some more minor problems along the way but taken care of okay. I would like to replace the transmission but they may also not be easy to find or be reasonable enough.
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
The Forester is a very well built car. It's very well designed, inside and out. It runs very smoothly and quietly even with 100k+ miles. Very good sound reduction inside the vehicle. Handles great, feels very solid. Neat gadgets like heated outside mirrors, windshield wipers, and rear quarter windows.
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
This was a great investment. Had only a few repairs in two and a half years (replaced alternator, brakes and wheel bearings) and the car had 82,000 miles when I lost it. It was fun to drive for a four cylinder, a smooth ride, and great on frozen Indiana roads! This car saved my life in a head on collision with a tractor trailer at 105 mph total impact speed. I will miss my car and recommend it highly to anyone who wants a safe and reliable vehicle!
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
Bought car new. Every year at inspection, have to have clamps for exhaust system tacked to get rid of rattling. Was told last year that rotors will need replaced shortly. Major problem - manual transmission would not stay in 5th gear on highway at 48k miles. Took to Subaru dealer, then it was stuck in 1st gear! 3 rebuilds to fix transmission; in shop for a month! Check engine light came on at 63k, turned out to be bad sensor, lucky that it was under warranty or would have cost $600. Has been a great vehicle to haul stuff when moving, camping, mountain biking. Fun to drive the manual with AWD in winter conditions.
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
I have been very satisfied. It has
done what I expected it to do. Goes in
snow. Minor(to me) repairs: LR wheel
bearing, front struts. 60,000-mile
belt replacement is a blow.
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
I bought mine off the dealer lot the
day after I moved to Maine. It has
been humming along now for nearly 5
years with no repairs of any
significance whatsoever and 126,000
A few minor annoyances -- the led for
the Cruise Control switch went out 2
years ago and I was told the entire
switch needed replacing (for about
$60). Also, the led for the clock
near the ceiling, above the rear view
mirror also went out this year.
Here in Maine, I am fearless. I have
never had the slightest problem
navigating in heavy snow, ice, slush,
and rain.
the full review
1999 Subaru Forester S 4dr Wagon AWD
After relying on ratings such as
Consumer Reports, I stretched my budget
to buy my Forester S. What a mistake!
Between 20,000 and 60,000 miles, I've
had to replace the brakes, a head
gasket leak, and now the manual
transmission--all out of warranty. Gas
mileage has been quite poor--less than
20 highway. This is undoubtedly the one
of the most overrated cars on the
market. The design concept is great,
but with such poor reliability, what
difference does that make? Don't waste
your money and time.
the full review
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