text: SPECIAL EVENTSThe very best special events including AIDS Walk New York; the Bronx Community Pride Center's First Annual Fundraising Gala; Marriage Equality New York's Wedding March 2007; The Hetrick-Martin Institu Set the alarm, lace up a pair of beat-up sneakers and head over to Central Park on May 20 for AIDS Walk New York, the world's biggest AIDS fundraiser and a NYC spring staple. Since 1986, this event has raised over $90 million for various AIDS services organizations such as the Gay Men's Health Crisis and continues to up the ante year after year. So get some sponsors and get moving! The Bronx Community Pride Center (BCPC) will host their First Annual Fundraising Gala on May 17 at the Bronx Museum of the Arts. The special event promises to be a sophisticated, fun-filled evening that will include a silent auction, live celebrity entertainment, great food, networking, celebration, music, dancing and more. To help celebrate this momentous occasion, over 200 people are expected to attend, including Bronx Borough President Adolfo Carrion; Congressman Jose Serrano; and Councilwoman Christine Quinn. Guests will be entertained by legendary R&B singer Freddie Jackson and the one and only Martha Wash. On May 19, join Marriage Equality New York in New York's largest community marriage rights action as droves of gay marriage supporters flock to Wedding March 2007. Hosted by the outrageous Gender Offenders, this year's march begins in Manhattan's Foley Square, continues over the Brooklyn Bridge and ends with a picnic/festival in Brooklyn's Cadman Plaza. The LGBT community will be out in full force with our straight allies, supportive politicians, religious groups, and businesses, walking together to demand marriage equality rights not only in New York, but all across the nation! On June 2, The Hetrick-Martin Institute, home of the Harvey Milk High School, will host its annual School's Out fundraising event at the landmark East Hampton home of Peter Wilson. School's Out celebrates the end of another successful school year for the nearly 1,000 LGBT students HMI serves annually. This year's event, featuring honorary event co-chair Alan Cumming, includes cocktails, hors d'oeurves and dancing, with tunes by DJ Karin Ward. Some of HMI's most promising youth will also be in attendance. May 21, join LGBT youth mentoring organization Living Beyond Belief for their 5th Annual Butterfly Awards & Benefit at Hiro Ballroom in the Maritime Hotel. The event honors five NYC public high school seniors for their HIV/AIDS activism, and confirmed participants include Academy Award-winner Marisa Tomei, former NY Knick All-Star John Starks, NYC Council Speaker of the House Christine Quinn, Jason Bellini of CBS News on Logo, and Project Runway's Zulema Griffin. Kick off Pride season the right way—by the beach and in a state that allows beer tents! On June 3, head down to New Jersey's seaside gay mecca, Asbury Park, for the 16th Annual LGBTI Pride Celebration. This event features a festival and parade along with live music and comedy, great food, arts and crafts, community information, exhibits, rides and performances by national recording artists. And after soaking up the rays at the festival, be sure to check out all the hot Pride parties thrown by the cluster of nearby gay and lesbian bars/clubs! What could possibly pack more fun (and hilarity) than a gay scavenger hunt? Pretty much nothing, which is why you should sign up for The Amazingly Queer Race for Economic Justice before you lose your chance. The May 18th event will bring together a multitude of social justice organizations, celebrities, businesses and local and national community members to raise awareness of and gain support for Queers for Economic Justice in their services for low-income New Yorkers. One-hundred people, working in pairs as 50 sponsored teams, compete in a skill-based race/scavenger hunt throughout the city. Sign up and get your hunt on! And be sure to add Gay, Lesbian & Straight Education Network's Respect Awards to your list of important LGBT fundraisers to attend this spring. On May 21 at Cipiriani Wall Street, the fourth annual benefit gala honors individual and corporate leaders who have helped move GLSEN's work forward and raise funds to make schools safer for all of America's students. This year's honorees include Morgan Stanley CEO John J. Mack, the National Education Association, and student organizer Elizabeth Duthinh. Murray "Mr. Showbiz" Hill is proud, damn proud, to present and host the 7th Annual Miss Lez Pageant at Luna Lounge June 7. The Miss Lez Pageant is a wildly provocative, insane, jaw-dropping beauty pageant for queer women in NYC. Seven contestants compete in categories Platform, Swimsuit, Evening Gown, Interview, and Talent for "the title", $100 cash (in singles) and drink tickets. The winner is decided by a panel of celebrity judges including Michael Musto, Rebecca Drysdale and Rose Troche. Keep your eye out for GO's contender! |


text:
Artwork Description
ink and watercolour.
August 10th, 2005
This is so good. Creature design and colors are awesome. Your entire gallery is good. I hope you post more!
May 23rd, 2005
This deserves many more comments than what it has. Wonderful, stunning watercolor work, once again! I like the cat in the foreground as well, he has such an elegant look about him.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
Dr. Ronald Smith Jr specializes in cardiac surgery, vascular surgery, thoracic surgery in Bradenton, Florida.
Dr. Ronald Smith Jr has been compared 104 times. Details of Dr. Smith's experience as an MD and his hospital affiliation are available on your free doctor report.
Primary Location for Dr. Smith
623 39th St W
Bradenton, FL 34205
Ratings and Reviews for Dr. Ronald Smith Jr
Board Certification, Specialty and Expertise
Dr. Ronald Smith has been identified as specializing in Cardiac Surgery, Vascular Surgery and Thoracic Surgery.
Hospital Affiliation
A hospital affiliation covers any doctor who has an affiliation, association or admitting privilege with a hospital. A doctor's particular affiliation to a specific hospital can translate to the overall quality of that provider.
Dr. Smith is affiliated with 1 hospital:
225 E Jackson Ave
Jonesboro, AR 72401
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General Surgery, Thoracic Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Cardiac Surgery
623 39th St W, Suite 2 Bradenton, FL 34205
General Info
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Bradenton, Florida -
Universita di Napoli -
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General Surgery, Gastroenterology, Internal Medicine, Thoracic Surgery, Vascular Surgery, Cardiac Surgery623 39th St W, Suite 2 Bradenton, FL 34205
General Info
- Years Experience
36 Years Experience -
Hospital Affiliation
Blake Medical Center
Bradenton, Florida -
Mayo Medical School -
- Compared: 86
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Covers the Supreme Court of the United States. By Bloomberg Law.
Covers appellate litigation. By Howard J. Bashman.
Covers news and discussion on the conflict of laws in private international law cases. Editor is Martin George of the University of Birmingham. Published in association with the Journal of Private International Law.
Established with the goal of aggregating key compliance and electronic discovery news for further review, study, and consideration by legal and corporate professionals. By Rob Robinson.
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Real life Texas Courtroom Humor. From U.S. Federal District Judge Jerry Buchmeyer (Northern District of Texas).
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Internet radio show / Podcast hosted by the leaders in structured settlements. From Ringler Associates and the Law Talk Network.
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Litigation and injury news, cases and commentary. By Perlmutter & Schuelke, LLP.
Features civil defense attorneys' perspectives on employment law, intellectual property, and product liability. From DRI - The Voice of the Defense Bar.
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In-house counsel blawg on e-disovery, the impact of IT on the law and vice versa, information/knowledge management and wines. By Dominic Jaar.
Discusses jury-related issues.
Edited by Colin Miller, Jeffrey Bellin and Ben Trachtenberg.
Provides eDiscovery news, analysis and educational tips. By Trial Solutions.


text:
Union Pacific
Union Pacific Operations Manager Interview Questions
Interview Experience
Interview Experience
Getting an Interview
Getting an Interview
Interview Difficulty
Interviews for Top Jobs at Union Pacific
- Train Crew (15)
- Operations Manager (12)
- Operations Management Trainee (8)
- Transportation Associate (7)
- Software Developer (6)
- Train Crewman (6)
- Railroad Conductor (5)
- Engineering (4)
- Diesel Locomotive Electrician (4)
- Apprentice Train Dispatcher (4)
- Applications Developer (4)
- Software Engineer (4)
- Intern (3)
- Account Representative (3)
- Mechanical Engineer (3)
- Engineering Intern (3)
- Train Dispatcher (2)
- Operations Manager Trainee (2)
- Corporate Auditor (2)
- Associate Project Engineer (2)
- Locomotive Engineer (2)
- Business Manager (2)
- Account Manager (2)
- Electronics Technician (2)
- Project Engineer (2)
- Crew Dispatcher (2)
- Transportation Manager - Operations Management Training Program (2)
- Conductor (2)
1 person found this helpful
Operations Manager Interview
I applied through college or university. The process took 3+ months – interviewed at Union Pacific in March 2014.
- Apply at career fair with handing in a resume'
- Attend information night to solidify interest
- 1:1 interview with HR manager of local office (STAR method required, all "tell me about a time when...")
- Management test, 4 hours, easy
- 2nd interview (not had yet)
- projected offer
- How did you gain approval from a team you were a part of?
What was your biggest mistake?
Define Leadership. Answer Question
Other Interview Reviews for Union Pacific
Operations Manager Interview
Application DetailsI applied through college or university. The process took 3 weeks – interviewed at Union Pacific in February 2014.
Interview DetailsThe interviewer was not very organized and the interview itself did not have a format like most companies have. I was essentially a description of the job and asked me if I had any questions. The interview was quick but it was mainly me asking questions to keep the interview going. After the interview was done, the interviewer was very hard to get in touch with and did not do what he said he was going to do. We scheduled meeting days and the interviewer would not show up and would not answer emails or phone calls. Overall a disappointing experience.
Interview Questions- Why do you want to work for Union Pacific? Will you be willing to relocate? Answer Question
No OfferNegative ExperienceEasy Interview -
Operations Manager Interview
Interview DetailsBe sure to tailor your resume appropriately. If your resume is adequate you will receive an invitation to attend a hiring event. Click on the invitation and select the date and location where you wish to attend. If you get through that interview you will be called for a second interview.
Interview Questions- Prepare at least 5 unique facts about yourself and 5 unique facts about the company. Answer Question
No Offer -
Operation Manager Interview
Interview DetailsI got an email saying that I was invited to the interviewing process. When you get to the interview site the interviewer gives a short presentation. Then take four test that take about four hours. two of the tests are personality profiles. The test were not that bad. As for the interview it was pretty basic. They ask you situational questions.
Interview Questions- Over the past week when have you incorporated safety into your daily routine Answer Question
Accepted Offer -
Operations Manager Interview
Application DetailsI applied online. The process took 3+ months – interviewed at Union Pacific in September 2013.
Interview DetailsOnline application, followed by two interviews. First interview was at a hotel with a mix of current employees and new applicants. Two written tests and a personality assessment along with the first actual interview. Fairly standard interview questions,emphasis on safety and leadership, highlight these experiences if you have them. Whole process was about a half a day or so. Second interview was at the regional he, more intimate with a panel of six people or so, made up of the regional Vice President, HR director, and some other high up folks.
Interview Questions- Nothing way outside the box, be prepared to answer situational questions about leadership and safety Answer Question
Negotiation DetailsNot much room to negotiate, they have a cap, even if you are experienced, however, the money comes later.they send you an offer letter if they want you and you either accept or decline.Accepted OfferPositive ExperienceDifficult Interview -
Operations Manager Interview
Application DetailsI applied through college or university. The process took a day – interviewed at Union Pacific.
Interview DetailsOne interview at school, invited to interview in Omaha, but declined.
Interview Questions- Must take a required skills/knowledge test during interview Answer Question
Reasons for DecliningToo much travel
Declined OfferPositive ExperienceAverage Interview -
Operations Manager Interview
Application DetailsI applied through a recruiter. The process took a day – interviewed at Union Pacific in February 2012.
Interview DetailsThe interview was more like a conversation, the only weird thing was how they rate you right in front of you. Overall, the interviewer was friendly. Also, the questionnaire packets that you have to fill out take at least 4 hours.
Interview Questions- Why should we hire you? Answer Question
No OfferPositive ExperienceAverage Interview -
Operations Manager Interview
Application DetailsI applied online. The process took a day – interviewed at Union Pacific in October 2011.
Interview DetailsApplied via website - received e-mail and follow-up robocall when scheduled for interview. Onsite interviewers were professional, friendly, and informative. I realized quickly that I had asked for too much money and been too inflexible on start dates (items which cannot be changed after application is submitted) Tests given on that date were fairly simple and interview was friendly, two interviewers, one asking questions and one taking notes.
Interview Questions- Tell us about an experience you had which involved a safety issue Answer Question
No OfferPositive ExperienceAverage Interview -
1 person found this helpful
Operations Manager Interview
Application DetailsI applied online. The process took 2+ months – interviewed at Union Pacific in September 2011.
Interview DetailsIt all starts with information session on company culture, and what company does. After that you interview with a local recruitment manager, if selected you get invited to a company regional office to panel interview with regional officers where decision is made.
Interview Questions- Describe a decision you made that was unpopular and how you handled implementing it. Answer Question
- Have you had to convince a team to work on a project they weren't thrilled about? How did you do it? Answer Question
No OfferPositive ExperienceAverage Interview -
Operations Manager Interview
Application DetailsThe process took 2 days – interviewed at Union Pacific in February 2012.
Interview DetailsThe interview was straight forward, they asked you where you would want to work like what specific region in the US. They ask about your interest in working for Union Pacific and if you're willing to spend a lot of time working. I thought I had nailed the interview because they call me back to do a series of test that included a personality test, management test and verbal reasoning test. I received an email later letting me know that I had passed the test, but a week later was sent another email saying "thank you for applying but at this time we are reviewing other applicants". I don't know what I did wrong but I guess the recruiter didn't like me very much.
Interview Questions- If you're managing a group of people and they are working on something important and you get a call asking you to work on something else right away what would you do to accommodate this new task? Answer Question
No OfferNeutral ExperienceAverage Interview
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i using the following query, here im using "substring_index, and some special variables like ( )$..." and passing value to the query "$name" but im not getting the required output. its giving just empty. output i have changed it like placeholder.... but its not working. please help me on this Thanks Srinivasan In reply to DBI Substring index query and passing value by SriniK


text:
121 posts tagged with nikon.
121 posts tagged with nikon.
Displaying 1 through 50 of 121. Subscribe:
DSLR alternative
My DSLR has been gathering dust lately, and I'd like to get a more compact but reasonably large sensor alternative. My main lens is the Nikon 18-200VR, and my shooting style tends to be a bit telephoto-heavy. Can I learn to love a big-sensor compact with a fixed lens, like the Fuji x100 series, or should I try to find something in the mirrorless DSLR families? If the latter, which one?
Photoshop Elements incompatiblility?
Photoshop Elements 8 will not import RAW files from my (new) camera, a Nikon D7100. The error message states that they are the wrong type of file. The same file type is imported without trouble from the unit it replaces (Nikon D40). What is causing this?
Fixing My Photography Workflow So It Will Work For Me
I am in the market for a new Nikon DSLR, but my home laptop/photo workflow situation is sadly out of date and not working for me. Should I consider an iPad for a main photo workflow solution, now that I could get a DSLR with wireless capability? Lots of snowflakes inside. [more inside]
How do I become a better photograper?
I know, I know a generic question .. but I recently purchased a Nikon D5200. I understand the basics but I am trying to get to the "next level". Any tips? [more inside]
What does my camera do with the distance information?
I'm looking at buying a used Nikkor lens to use on my D80 (and on whatever the next body I buy is when I finally retire that body). For many of the older lenses you can get a significant savings by buying the version of the lens that does not send distance info to the camera (non-D version). How much do I care? [more inside]
Indoor sports photography lens?
What is a good lens for shooting youth indoor sports when I will be close to the action? [more inside]
Looking for a good bag to carry a big and heavy Nikon
Please recommend me a good camera bag in which to carry my Nikon D700 with my Nikkor 24-70 f2.8 attached, preferably including the lens hood. [more inside]
Please help me pick a DSLR
Please help me pick a Canon or Nikon DSLR for close-up photography of small objects. I'd like to spend around $500 - $700 total. I need a body plus 1-2 lenses. [more inside]
110 Shades of Grey
Is it a good idea to buy a grey-market SLR lens? [more inside]
Nikon D5100 lens for youth sports?
I'm going to rent a lens for my Nikon D5100 for the weekend to shoot a bunch of youth (8-10 year olds) soccer games. What would be the best lens at a reasonable price? [more inside]
Which Nikon lens for low light kid photos?
Can you recommend a Nikon (or nikon compatible) lens for taking photos of a busy toddler without a flash?
(Anon so I can surprise my husband for his birthday.) [more inside]
this seems too good to be true
Can you tell me if the camera packages at this discount online storefront are good value for money? [more inside]
How can I spent my $500 technology grant?
What camera or lens can I get for $500 and enjoy the most? [more inside]
Canon 60D versus Nikon D5100
Another newbie dSLR question: First time buyer trying to decide between a Canon 60D versus Nikon D5100. I hope you guys aren't getting annoyed with these yet. [more inside]
Need help on downloading pictures from Nikon Coolpix camera
When I download my pictures to my computer from my Nikon Coolpix S630, it always downloads ALL the pics instead of just the new pictures I just took. How do I download only the new pics? [more inside]
RIP, My 16.1 Mp Friend?
Drove a car over my brand new Nikon Coolpix S8200. Can I give it the Heimlich? [more inside]
How much cheaper will a Nikon D7000 be after the replacement model comes out?
Is the Nikon D7000 likely to be replaced this year? If so, how much cheaper will new D7000 bodies be after it happens? [more inside]
What is a good entry-level DSLR camera model in 2012?
I used Canon point-and-shoot cameras before my first DSLR camera, a Nikon D80, which just broke down. I'm interested in getting a new DSLR camera. [more inside]
Need help choosing between Nikon 5100 and 7000
I have a Nikon D50. I am looking for an upgrade and am having a hard time choosing between D5100 and D7000. Would love to have your recommendation. Details inside. [more inside]
Faulty Nikon D80: repair or upgrade with new lens?
I have a faulty Nikon D80 with two superb lenses. What model is its natural successor, and what is the best quality lens I can get bundled with it? [more inside]
Nikon vs Cannon DSLR Kits
Buying a Nikon or Cannon DSLR, package details inside please help me I have been flip flopping over the two [more inside]
Collection of questions concerning creatively capturing cars with a camera?
I am a novice photographer who would like to improve my skills at photographing vintage cars primarily outdoors in natural light. I am looking to replace my old Nikon D50 and 18-55mm lens with a Nikon D3300. What would be the must-have lenses, filters and accessories for my task? Also best camera settings? Also interested in tricks for getting compelling images. Close up? High angle? Low angle? Just experiment? [more inside]
What's going on with my camera? :(
What's going on with my camera? [more inside]
Can't quickly review images for D7000
I can't view thumbnail images in playback mode on my Nikon D7000. What is wrong? [more inside]
All your batteries are belong to us.
Are there ANY aftermarket (non-Nikon) batteries that work with the Nikon D3100? [more inside]
Lens pls.
What's the best affordable (below $200) lens for my Nikon D40 camera? [more inside]
Environmental seal of 60D versus D7000
Environmental seal on Canon 60D vs Nikon D7000. [more inside]
Help me wade through this DSLR nonsense?
I'm looking to up my camera game. Help me wade through all of the nonsense and figure out what I want. [more inside]
Home movies: will a DSLR work for me?
I'm considering upgrading my DSLR to one with video capabilities. What will my experience be like for making home videos (babies doing baby stuff, cats playing, family parties)? [more inside]
DSLR 101 filter: thinking of offering a class to people who have invested in a DSLR camera, but are used to point-and-shoots. What do you wish you knew when you first bought / played around with a DSLR - or - what do you want to know about working with a DSLR? [more inside]
Repair vs upgrade
My Nikon D40 died recently. I sent it to Nikon for a repair estimate. I'm looking for any experience anyone has with having Nikon repair a camera -- and weighing that against putting the repair money toward a new camera body. If I want to go with something new, I need help with selection. More details within! [more inside]
Blur me.
How can I achieve these beautiful blurred-background shots on my Nikon D40 camera with lens 18-55? [more inside]
Better zoom lens for Nikon D7000
What's a better quality zoom lens for the Nikon D7000 than the Nikon 18-105mm? [more inside]
I have (camera) baggage
Please help me find the perfect camera bag for my Nikon D40. The ideal solution would be something with enough room for both photo and personal stuff, so I don't have to carry my purse. Or, are "camera bags" a dumb idea if I already have a somewhat-padded messenger bag? [more inside]
Which camera should I buy?
Movin' on up filter: Nikon D3100 or Panasonic DMC-G2? [more inside]
Nikon spare parts
Repair spare parts for a Nikon SB800 speedlight [more inside]
a few good len(s)
[DSLR-filter] I'm buying my first DSLR camera! Woohoo, excitement all around (except in my wallet). I've settled on a Nikon D90, but I'm not sure what lens to get with it. Options/details inside. [more inside]
Smallest VR / IS prime lens for Nikon?
What is the smallest Nikon (or compatible) image-stabilization lens?
My search results seem to indicate it is this: Nikon 18mm - 55mm f/3.5-5.6G AF-S DX (VR) Vibration Reduction Wide Angle Autofocus Zoom Lens, which is a VR version of the kit lens on a D40. [more inside]
Low-end used Nikon DSLR for a beginner
What's a good used Nikon DSLR for a beginner? Any models out there that also do video? Looking to spend $300-$400 on the camera body, another $200-$300 on a lens and I have no idea at which of the zillion models to focus my eBay searches on. [more inside]
Nikon D40X with stuck shutter
I have a Nikon D40X DSLR body with a stuck shutter. Can this be economically repaired considering the relatively low value of a bare D40X body without RAM and battery? [more inside]
Is $400 for a used d90 worth it?
Is $400 for a used nikon d90 worth it? [more inside]
D90 or d3100?
My wife and I are looking for a new camera with which to take pictures of our son. We've got a Point and Shoot that we're not particularly happy with so will be looking at a DSLR. I like the looks of the Nikon D3100 that is coming out soon, but the D90 seems like it might be a better camera for not a whole lot more money. Is it worth the difference in price? [more inside]
Really just want to take some cute pictures of my kid.
I want to buy an entry-level dSLR for everyday toddler/family pictures. Should I go with a Nikon D80 or a Canon Rebel Xsi? And which lens(es)? [more inside]
Interchangeable Canon/Nikon lens?
Is it possible to use a lens made for a Canon Digital Rebel with a Nikon D70? [more inside]
CameraFilter: Help me decide between a low-end SLR and a high-end point and shoot!
I'm sort of looking into a new camera, and I can't decide whether to get a high-end point and shoot or an entry level SLR. Help me pick! [more inside]
Help, Nikon Lens broke and I'm in the middle of nowhere
Help, Nikon Lens broke and I'm in the middle of nowhere [more inside]
Saving images straight to hard drive
I have a Nikon D5000 - how do I shoot straight to hard drive? [more inside]
Are Nikon D5000s currently sitting on shelves still affected by the recall?
Nikon recalled the D5000 a few months ago - are the ones on store shelves today still affected? [more inside]
A better camera, or better lenses?
Help me get the most bang for my photography buck: I own a Nikon D50. I've been finding the D90 priced around $700 online with rebates (sometimes refurbished, but sometimes new). I was ready to buy... but then I wondered: would I be wiser to spend the money on new lenses instead? [more inside]
Help me choose a beginner DSLR?
What beginner's dslr should I buy? [more inside]


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SparkRecipes is powered by
Not too sweet but not too healthy, these delightful muffins are equally delicious for breakfast or dessert.Submitted by: FIREFLY75
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This naughty-and-nice smoothie recipe tastes like it's high in calories, but it's only 160 for the whole glass! Sweet, silky and completely satisfying.Submitted by: BUFFYHOOD
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This is inspired by Starbucks' low fat chocolate chip banana bread and is great with coffee! Although many of the ingredients are lower fat, the bread comes out very moist!Submitted by: JANSTOREY
Moist and DeliciousSubmitted by: DEEDRZ
When I need something with a sweet decadent chocolate treat without the guilt this is my go-to recipe.Submitted by: ACADEMY252
A high protein mookie - a muffin & cookie combo! Sort of like a cookie, sort of like a muffin...very tasty! High protein, low fat.Milk free! (I recently added 1/4 cup of margarine to the recipe... they taste better with margarine. But, margarine can be omitted!) These taste like little mini banana breads. Submitted by: KARBYG
This isn't your grandma's banana bread! The traditional quick bread gets a makeover with studs of chocolate chips and swirls of creamy peanut butter.Submitted by: MICHELLEM79
soft cookieSubmitted by: DARCPASS
This Banana Chocolate Cupcake recipe makes 24 regular-sized cupcakes which is perfect for a large gathering or birthday party. The batter is a snap to make because you just stir the wet ingredients together in one bowl and the dry ingredients together in another bowl. Mix the two and you are done. The batter is quite thin so use an ice cream scoop or small ladle to fill the muffin cups. Now while the recipe calls for cocoa powder, it doesn't specify which kind, which means you can use either regular unsweetened or Dutch-processed. As always, keep in mind that the type and brand of cocoa powder you use will determine the flavor of the cupcakes, so use the best you can afford. The other ingredient in this batter to take note of, is that the fat is in liquid form (canola or corn oil). The reason I bring this up is because oil makes for a moist and tender cupcake that stores very well, with the added advantage that they can be refrigerated and still stay soft.Read more: http://www.joyofbaking.com/cupcakes/BananaChocolateCupcakes.html#ixzz0nSeQxQuUSubmitted by: RITOKITAX
Submitted by: FIREFLY573
If there's anything better than the traditional chocolate-peanut butter combo, it's chocolate, peanut butter and banana! These egg-free and dairy-free cookies are dense, flavorful and easy to throw together in a pinch.Submitted by: BKATHERINEH
A low fat moderation of banana bread with peanut butter and chocolate chips added. The low fat buttermilk used instead of milk adds to the rich and sinful taste.Submitted by: AMYBETH70
Vegan version of a thick chocolatey milkshake.Submitted by: EJORDANE
This is so delicious and tastes just like a chocolate banana milk shake!!!!!Submitted by: CRAZYKEWL
Submitted by: APPRIL
This recipe just came out of experimenting with a bunch of different banana bread recipes I have. What really makes these stand out is the unique flavor of the almond extract. So yummy!!!Submitted by: LAUREN_810
Submitted by: AFRICAPARISH
This is a tweaked recipe shared by a Spark friend. It is also my first Spark Recipe, so go easy on me. The nutritional info doesn't match exactly to what I have, but it's pretty close. These muffins are fantastic and I recommend you have plans to freeze or share them so you don't eat them all. Don't be afraid of the whole wheat flour. Due to the bananas these come out moist and delicious, not dry and compact.This recipe makes about 24 mini muffins or 12 large ones. (It usually seems to make a little more, maybe 28 small ones or 13 large, etc.)Submitted by: LADY_JOSIELOT
Delicious!Submitted by: MILLIE-62
Submitted by: LMH317
A lighter alternative way to curb a sweet tooth... and get rid of excess ripe bananas!Submitted by: CSSTARK
Submitted by: STARTINGOVER03
Submitted by: LARAINE
Melty chocolate, warm banana, in a crispy shell, topped with cool whip - yummm!Submitted by: DANAMY
Cool and Sweet. Perfect for a summertime snack or a breakfast on the go. Submitted by: GONNAMAKEITNOW
not a low cal recipe...but a family favorite. If you manage to make substitutions to lower the cals without sacrificing the taste, I'd love to hear them. Submitted by: ZEEJAY1970


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Publications (15)69.36 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: In this study, we have utilized wild-type (WT), ASC-/-, and NLRP3-/- macrophages and inhibition approaches to investigate the mechanisms of inflammasome activation and their role in Trypanosoma cruzi infection. We also probed human macrophages and analyzed published microarray datasets from human fibroblasts, and endothelial and smooth muscle cells for T. cruzi-induced changes in the expression genes included in the RT Profiler Human Inflammasome arrays. T. cruzi infection elicited a subdued and delayed activation of inflammasome-related gene expression and IL-1β production in mφs in comparison to LPS-treated controls. When WT and ASC-/- macrophages were treated with inhibitors of caspase-1, IL-1β, or NADPH oxidase, we found that IL-1β production by caspase-1/ASC inflammasome required reactive oxygen species (ROS) as a secondary signal. Moreover, IL-1β regulated NF-κB signaling of inflammatory cytokine gene expression and, subsequently, intracellular parasite replication in macrophages. NLRP3-/- macrophages, despite an inability to elicit IL-1β activation and inflammatory cytokine gene expression, exhibited a 4-fold decline in intracellular parasites in comparison to that noted in matched WT controls. NLRP3-/- macrophages were not refractory to T. cruzi, and instead exhibited a very high basal level of ROS (>100-fold higher than WT controls) that was maintained after infection in an IL-1β-independent manner and contributed to efficient parasite killing. We conclude that caspase-1/ASC inflammasomes play a significant role in the activation of IL-1β/ROS and NF-κB signaling of cytokine gene expression for T. cruzi control in human and mouse macrophages. However, NLRP3-mediated IL-1β/NFκB activation is dispensable and compensated for by ROS-mediated control of T. cruzi replication and survival in macrophages.PLoS ONE 11/2014; 9(11):e111539. · 3.53 Impact Factor -
Article: Serum mediated activation of macrophages reflects TcVac2 vaccine efficacy against Chagas disease.
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ABSTRACT: Chagas disease is endemic in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the US. No effective treatments are available. TcG1, TcG2 and TcG4 antigens are highly conserved in clinically-relevant Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) isolates, and recognized by B and T cells in infected host. Delivery of these antigens as a DNA-prime/protein-boost vaccine (TcVac2) elicited lytic antibodies and type 1 CD8(+)T cells that expanded upon challenge infection, and provided >90% control of parasite burden and myocarditis in chagasic mice. Herein, we determined if peripheral blood can be utilized to capture the TcVac2-induced protection from Chagas disease. We evaluated the sera levels of TckDNA/Tc18SrDNA and murine mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) as indicators of parasite persistence and tissue damage; and monitored the effect of sera on macrophage phenotype. Circulating TckDNA/Tc18SrDNA and mtDNA were decreased by >3-5-fold and 2-fold, respectively, in vaccinated/infected mice as compared to non-vaccinated/infected mice. Macrophages incubated with sera from vaccinated/infected mice exhibited M2 surface markers (CD16, CD32, CD200 and CD206), moderate proliferation, low oxidative/nitrosative burst, and regulatory/anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4+IL-10>TNF-α) response. In comparison, macrophages incubated with sera from non-vaccinated/infected mice exhibited M1 surface markers, vigorous proliferation, substantial oxidative/nitrosative burst, and proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α≫IL-4+IL-10) response. Cardiac infiltration of macrophages and TNF-α and oxidant levels were significantly reduced in TcVac2-immunized chagasic mice. We conclude that circulating TcDNA and mtDNA levels and macrophage phenotype mediated by sera constituents reflects in vivo levels of parasite persistence, tissue damage and inflammatory/anti-inflammatory state; and have potential utility in evaluating disease severity and efficacy of vaccines and drug therapies.Infection and immunity 01/2014; · 4.16 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: We characterized the immune responses elicited by a DNA-prime/MVA-boost vaccine (TcVac3) constituted of antigenic candidates (TcG2 and TcG4), shown to be recognized by B and T cell responses in Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc) infected multiple hosts. C57BL/6 mice immunized with TcVac3 elicited a strong antigen-specific, high-avidity, trypanolytic antibody response (IgG2b>IgG1); and a robust antigen- and Tc-specific CD8(+)T cell response with type-1 cytokine (IFN-γ(+)TNF-α>IL-4(+)IL-10) and cytolytic effector (CD8(+)CD107a(+)IFN-γ(+)Perforin(+)) phenotype. The vaccine-induced effector T cells significantly expanded upon challenge infection and provided >92% control of T. cruzi. Co-delivery of IL-12 and GMCSF cytokine adjuvants didn't enhance the TcVac3-induced resistance to T. cruzi. In chronic phase, vaccinated/infected mice exhibited a significant decline (up to 70%) in IFN-γ(+)CD8(+)T cells, a predominance of immunoregulatory IL-10(+)/CD4(+)T and IL10(+)/CD8(+)T cells, and presented undetectable tissue parasitism, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibrosis in vaccinated/infected mice. In comparison, control mice responded to challenge infection by a low antibody response, mixed cytokine profile, and consistent activation of pro-inflammatory CD8(+)T cells associated with parasite persistence and pathologic damage in the heart. We conclude that TcVac3 elicited type-1 effector T cell immunity that effectively controlled T. cruzi infection, and subsequently, predominance of anti-inflammatory responses prevented chronic inflammation and myocarditis in chagasic mice.PLoS ONE 03/2013; 8(3):e59434. · 3.53 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is endemic in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the US and Europe. We have shown TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 antigens elicit protective immunity to T. cruzi in mice and dogs. Herein, we investigated antigenicity of the recombinant proteins in humans to determine their potential utility for the development of next generation diagnostics for screening of T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease. Sera samples from inhabitants of the endemic areas of Argentina-Bolivia and Mexico-Guatemala were analyzed in 1(st)-phase for anti-T. cruzi antibody response by traditional serology tests; and in 2(nd)-phase for antibody response to the recombinant antigens (individually or mixed) by an ELISA. We noted similar antibody response to candidate antigens in sera samples from inhabitants of Argentina and Mexico (n = 175). The IgG antibodies to TcG1, TcG2, and TcG4 (individually) and TcG(mix) were present in 62-71%, 65-78% and 72-82%, and 89-93% of the subjects, respectively, identified to be seropositive by traditional serology. Recombinant TcG1- (93.6%), TcG2- (96%), TcG4- (94.6%) and TcG(mix)- (98%) based ELISA exhibited significantly higher specificity compared to that noted for T. cruzi trypomastigote-based ELISA (77.8%) in diagnosing T. cruzi-infection and avoiding cross-reactivity to Leishmania spp. No significant correlation was noted in the sera levels of antibody response and clinical severity of Chagas disease in seropositive subjects. Three candidate antigens were recognized by antibody response in chagasic patients from two distinct study sites and expressed in diverse strains of the circulating parasites. A multiplex ELISA detecting antibody response to three antigens was highly sensitive and specific in diagnosing T. cruzi infection in humans, suggesting that a diagnostic kit based on TcG1, TcG2 and TcG4 recombinant proteins will be useful in diverse situations.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 01/2013; 7(1):e2018. · 4.49 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key determinant in chagasic cardiomyopathy development in mice; however, its relevance in human Chagas disease is not known. We determined if defects in mitochondrial biogenesis and dysregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) coactivator-1 (PGC-1)-regulated transcriptional pathways constitute a mechanism or mechanisms underlying mitochondrial oxidative-phosphorylation (OXPHOS) deficiency in human Chagas disease. We utilized human cardiomyocytes and left-ventricular tissue from chagasic and other cardiomyopathy patients and healthy donors (n>6/group). We noted no change in citrate synthase activity, yet mRNA and/or protein levels of subunits of the respiratory complexes were significantly decreased in Trypanosoma cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes (0 to 24 hours) and chagasic hearts. We observed increased mRNA and decreased nuclear localization of PGC-1-coactivated transcription factors, yet the expression of genes for PPARγ-regulated fatty acid oxidation and nuclear respiratory factor (NRF1/2)-regulated mtDNA replication and transcription machinery was enhanced in infected cardiomyocytes and chagasic hearts. The D-loop formation was normal or higher, but mtDNA replication and mtDNA content were decreased by 83% and 40% to 65%, respectively. Subsequently, we noted that reactive oxygen species (ROS), oxidative stress, and mtDNA oxidation were significantly increased, yet NRF1/2-regulated antioxidant gene expression remained compromised in infected cardiomyocytes and chagasic hearts. The replication of mtDNA was severely compromised, resulting in a significant loss of mtDNA and expression of OXPHOS genes in T cruzi-infected cardiomyocytes and chagasic hearts. Our data suggest increased ROS generation and selective functional incapacity of NRF2-mediated antioxidant gene expression played a role in the defects in mtDNA replication and unfitness of mtDNA for replication and gene expression in Chagas disease.Journal of the American Heart Association 12/2012; 1(6):e003855.This article is viewable in ResearchGate's enriched format - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we have characterized the immune mechanisms elicited by antigenic candidates, TcG2 and TcG4, delivered by a DNA-prime/MVA-boost approach, and evaluated the host responses to Trypanosoma cruzi infection in C57BL/6 mice. Immunization of mice with antigenic candidates elicited antigen-specific, high-avidity, trypanolytic antibody response (IgG2b>IgG1) and CD8(+)T cells that exhibited type-1 cytolytic effector (CD8(+)CD107a(+)IFN-γ(+)Perforin(+)) phenotype. The extent of TcG2-dependent type 1 B and T cell immunity was higher than that noted in TcG4-immunized mice, and expanded accordingly in response to challenge infection with T. cruzi. The progression of chronic phase in immunized mice was associated with persistence of IgGs, 55-90% reduction in the frequency of proinflammatory (IFN-γ(+) or TNF-α(+)) CD8(+)T cells, and an increase or emergence of immunoregulatory (IL-10(+)) CD4/CD8 T cells. The tissue parasitism, infiltration of inflammatory infiltrate, parasite persistence, and fibrosis were decreased by 82-92% in heart and skeletal muscle of immunized/chronically infected mice. Control mice exhibited a significantly low antibody response, consistent activation of effector CD8(+)T cells dominated by pro-inflammatory phenotype and mixed cytokine profile (IFN-γ+TNF-α>IL-4+IL-10), parasite persistence and pathologic damage in chagasic hearts. We conclude that delivery of TcG2 or TcG4 by DNA-rMVA approach elicits effective antibody and CD8(+)T cell mediated immunity against T. cruzi and Chagas disease. The emergence of type 2 cytokine and T cell response in chronic phase was indicative of prevention of clinical disease.Vaccine 10/2012; · 3.49 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Chagas disease is initiated upon infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Among the health consequences is a decline in heart function, and the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this manifestation are not well understood. To explore the possible mechanisms, we employed IgY LC10 affinity chromatography in conjunction with ProteomeLab PF2D and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to resolve the proteome signature of high and low abundance serum proteins in chagasic patients. MALDI-TOF MS/MS analysis yielded 80 and 14 differentially expressed proteins associated with cardiomyopathy of chagasic and other etiologies, respectively. The extent of oxidative stress-induced carbonyl modifications of the differentially expressed proteins (n = 26) was increased and coupled with a depression of antioxidant proteins. Functional annotation of the top networks developed by ingenuity pathway analysis of proteome database identified dysregulation of inflammation/acute phase response signaling and lipid metabolism relevant to production of prostaglandins and arachidonic acid in chagasic patients. Overlay of the major networks identified prothrombin and plasminogen at a nodal position with connectivity to proteome signature indicative of heart disease (i.e., thrombosis, angiogenesis, vasodilatation of blood vessels or the aorta, and increased permeability of blood vessel and endothelial tubes), and inflammatory responses (e.g., platelet aggregation, complement activation, and phagocyte activation and migration). The detection of cardiac proteins (myosin light chain 2 and myosin heavy chain 11) and increased levels of vinculin and plasminogen provided a comprehensive set of biomarkers of cardiac muscle injury and development of clinical Chagas disease in human patients. These results provide an impetus for biomarker validation in large cohorts of clinically characterized chagasic patients.Molecular & Cellular Proteomics 04/2012; 11(8):435-52. · 7.25 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiologic agent of Chagas Disease, is a major vector borne health problem in Latin America and an emerging infectious disease in the United States. We tested the efficacy of a multi-component DNA-prime/DNA-boost vaccine (TcVac1) against experimental T. cruzi infection in a canine model. Dogs were immunized with antigen-encoding plasmids and cytokine adjuvants, and two weeks after the last immunization, challenged with T. cruzi trypomastigotes. We measured antibody responses by ELISA and haemagglutination assay, parasitemia and infectivity to triatomines by xenodiagnosis, and performed electrocardiography and histology to assess myocardial damage and tissue pathology. Vaccination with TcVac1 elicited parasite-and antigen-specific IgM and IgG (IgG2>IgG1) responses. Upon challenge infection, TcVac1-vaccinated dogs, as compared to non-vaccinated controls dogs, responded to T. cruzi with a rapid expansion of antibody response, moderately enhanced CD8(+) T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production, and suppression of phagocytes' activity evidenced by decreased myeloperoxidase and nitrite levels. Subsequently, vaccinated dogs controlled the acute parasitemia by day 37 pi (44 dpi in non-vaccinated dogs), and exhibited a moderate decline in infectivity to triatomines. TcVac1-immunized dogs did not control the myocardial parasite burden and electrocardiographic and histopatholgic cardiac alterations that are the hallmarks of acute Chagas disease. During the chronic stage, TcVac1-vaccinated dogs exhibited a moderate decline in cardiac alterations determined by EKG and anatomo-/histo-pathological analysis while chronically-infected/non-vaccinated dogs continued to exhibit severe EKG alterations. Overall, these results demonstrated that TcVac1 provided a partial resistance to T. cruzi infection and Chagas disease, and provide an impetus to improve the vaccination strategy against Chagas disease.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 05/2011; 5(5):e1050. · 4.49 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The pathology of Chagas disease presents a complicated and diverse picture in humans. The major complications and destructive evolutionary outcomes of chronic infection by Trypanosoma cruzi in humans include ventricular fibrillation, thromboembolism and congestive heart failure. Studies in animal models and human patients have revealed the pathogenic mechanisms during disease progression, pathology of disease and features of protective immunity. Accordingly, several antigens, antigen-delivery vehicles and adjuvants have been tested to elicit immune protection to T. cruzi in experimental animals. This review summarizes the research efforts in vaccine development against Chagas disease during the past decade.Advances in Parasitology 01/2011; 75:121-46. · 4.36 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Inflammation is a host defence activated by exogenous (e.g. pathogen-derived, pollutants) or endogenous (e.g. reactive oxygen species-ROS) danger signals. Mostly, endogenous molecules (or their derivatives) have well-defined intracellular function but become danger signal when released or exposed following stress or injury. In this review, we discuss the potential role of ROS in chronic evolution of inflammatory cardiovascular diseases, using our experiences working on chagasic cardiomyopathy as a focus-point.Advances in Parasitology 01/2011; 76:153-70. · 4.36 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Chagas disease is a major health problem in Latin America, and an emerging infectious disease in the US. Previously, we have screened the Trypanosoma cruzi sequence database by a computational/bioinformatics approach, and identified antigens that exhibited the characteristics of vaccine candidates. We investigated the protective efficacy of a multi-component DNA-prime/protein-boost vaccine (TcVac2) constituted of the selected candidates and cytokine (IL-12 and GM-CSF) expression plasmids in a murine model. C57BL/6 mice were immunized with antigen-encoding plasmids plus cytokine adjuvants, followed by recombinant proteins; and two-weeks later, challenged with T. cruzi trypomastigotes. ELISA and flow cytometry were employed to measure humoral (antibody isotypes) and cellular (lymphocyte proliferation, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell phenotype and cytokines) responses. Myocardial pathology was evaluated by H&E and Masson's trichrome staining. TcVac2 induced a strong antigen-specific antibody response (IgG2b>IgG1) and a moderate level of lymphocyte proliferation in mice. Upon challenge infection, TcVac2-vaccinated mice expanded the IgG2b/IgG1 antibodies and elicited a substantial CD8(+) T cell response associated with type 1 cytokines (IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) that resulted in control of acute parasite burden. During chronic phase, antibody response persisted, splenic activation of CD8(+) T cells and IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha cytokines subsided, and IL-4/IL-10 cytokines became dominant in vaccinated mice. The tissue parasitism, inflammation, and fibrosis in heart and skeletal muscle of TcVac2-vaccinated chronic mice were undetectable by histological techniques. In comparison, mice injected with vector or cytokines only responded to T. cruzi by elicitation of a mixed (type 1/type 2) antibody, T cell and cytokine response, and exhibited persistent parasite burden and immunopathology in the myocardium. TcVac2-induced activation of type 1 antibody and lymphocyte responses provided resistance to acute T. cruzi infection, and consequently, prevented the evolution of chronic immunopathology associated with parasite persistence in chagasic hearts.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 08/2010; 4(8):e797. · 4.49 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to determine the pathological importance of oxidative stress-induced injurious processes in chagasic heart dysfunction. Trypanosoma cruzi-induced inflammatory pathology and a feedback cycle of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress may contribute to Chagas disease. Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with T. cruzi and treated with phenyl-alpha-tert-butylnitrone (PBN), an antioxidant, and/or benzonidazole (BZ), an antiparasitic agent. We monitored myocardial parasite burden, oxidative adducts, mitochondrial complex activities, respiration, and adenosine triphosphate synthesis rates, and inflammatory and cardiac remodeling responses during disease development. The cardiac hemodynamics was determined for all rats. Benzonidazole (not PBN) decreased the parasite persistence and immune adverse events (proinflammatory cytokine expression, beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and myeloperoxidase activities, and inflammatory infiltrate) in chronically infected hearts. PBN +/- BZ (not BZ alone) decreased the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level, oxidative adducts (malonyldialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, carbonyls), hypertrophic gene expression (atrial natriuretic peptide, B-type natriuretic peptide, alpha-skeletal actin), and collagen deposition and preserved the respiratory chain efficiency and energy status in chronically infected hearts. Subsequently, LV dysfunction was prevented in PBN +/- BZ-treated chagasic rats. BZ treatment after the acute stage decreased the parasite persistence and inflammatory pathology. Yet, oxidative adducts, mitochondrial dysfunction, and remodeling responses persisted and contributed to declining cardiac function in chagasic rats. Combination treatment (PBN + BZ) was beneficial in arresting the T. cruzi-induced inflammatory and oxidative pathology and chronic heart failure in chagasic rats.Journal of the American College of Cardiology 06/2010; 55(22):2499-508. · 15.34 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we demonstrate that human cardiomyocytes (AC16) produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines in response to Trypanosoma cruzi. ROS were primarily produced by mitochondria, some of which diffused to cytosol of infected cardiomyocytes. These ROS resulted in an increase in 8-hydroxyguanine lesions and DNA fragmentation that signaled PARP-1 activation evidenced by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) modification of PARP-1 and other proteins in infected cardiomyocytes. Phenyl-alpha-tert-butylnitrone blocked the mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) formation, DNA damage, and PARP-1 activation in infected cardiomyocytes. Further inhibition studies demonstrated that ROS and PARP-1 signaled TNF-alpha and IL-1beta expression in infected cardiomyocytes. ROS directly signaled the nuclear translocation of RelA (p65), NF-kappaB activation, and cytokine gene expression. PARP-1 exhibited no direct interaction with p65 and did not signal its translocation to nuclei in infected cardiomyocytes. Instead, PARP-1 contributed to PAR modification of p65-interacting nuclear proteins and assembly of the NF-kappaB transcription complex. PJ34 (PARP-1 inhibitor) also prevented mitochondrial poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) and ROS formation. We conclude that T. cruzi-mediated mtROS provide primary stimulus for PARP-1-NF-kappaB activation and cytokine gene expression in infected cardiomyocytes. PAR modification of mitochondrial membranes then results in a feedback cycle of mtROS formation and DNA damage/PARP-1 activation. ROS, either through direct modulation of cytosolic NF-kappaB, or via PARP-1-dependent PAR modification of p65-interacting nuclear proteins, contributes to cytokine gene expression. Our results demonstrate a link between ROS and inflammatory responses in cardiomyocytes infected by T. cruzi and provide a clue to the pathomechanism of sustained inflammation in Chagas disease.Journal of Biological Chemistry 02/2010; 285(15):11596-606. · 4.60 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: In this study, we investigated the role of Trypanosoma cruzi invasion and inflammatory processes in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a mouse atrial cardiomyocyte line (HL-1) and primary adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were incubated with T. cruzi (Tc) trypomastigotes, Tc lysate (TcTL), or Tc secreted proteins (TcSP) for 0-72 h, and ROS were measured by amplex red assay. Cardiomyocytes infected by T. cruzi (but not those incubated with TcTL or TcSP) exhibited a linear increase in ROS production for 2-48 h postinfection (max 18-fold increase), which was further enhanced by recombinant cytokines (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma). We observed no increase in NADPH oxidase, xanthine oxidase, or myeloperoxidase activity, and specific inhibitors of these enzymes did not block the increased rate of ROS production in infected cardiomyocytes. Instead, the mitochondrial membrane potential was perturbed and resulted in inefficient electron transport chain (ETC) activity and enhanced electron leakage and ROS formation in infected cardiomyocytes. HL-1 rho (rho) cardiomyocytes lacked a functional ETC and exhibited no increase in ROS formation in response to T. cruzi. Together, these results demonstrate that invasion by T. cruzi and an inflammatory milieu affect mitochondrial integrity and contribute to electron transport chain inefficiency and ROS production in cardiomyocytes.Free Radical Biology and Medicine 09/2009; 47(10):1414-21. · 5.27 Impact Factor -
Article: Oxidative Stress in Chagas Disease.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: There is growing evidence to suggest that chagasic myocardia are exposed to sustained oxidative stress induced injuries that may contribute to disease progression. Trypanosoma cruzi invasion- and replication-mediated cellular injuries and immune-mediated cytotoxic reactions are the common source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during acute infection. Mitochondria are proposed to be the major source of ROS in chronic chagasic hearts. However, it has not been established yet, whether mitochondrial dysfunction is a causative factor in chagasic cardiomyopathy or a consequence of other pathological events. A better understanding of oxidative stress in relation to cardiac tissue damage would be useful in the evaluation of its true role in the pathogenesis of Chagas disease and other heart diseases. In this review, we discuss the evidence for increased oxidative stress in chagasic disease, with emphasis on mitochondrial abnormalities, and its role in sustaining oxidative stress in myocardium.Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases 02/2009; 2009:190354.
Publication Stats
221 | Citations | |
69.36 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology
Galveston, Texas, United States
Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM)
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics
Toluca, Estado de Mexico, Mexico


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Sunday Hot Stove Mailbag! – First Edition
Posted by Ian Riccaboni, Sun, November 18, 2012 08:00 AM | Comments: 20
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November is a great month for many reasons for sports fans: basketball season is in full swing, college football's BCS scenarios get clearer, and, most importantly, baseball's Hot Stove gets fired up. The term Hot Stove is in reference to the practice of discussing sports in the winter, literally around a hot stove. For baseball, it's strictly for off-season talk while our friends up north in Canada also use the term to discuss in-season hockey goings-ons.
There has been a lot of news and rumors floating about already, just a few weeks after the Giants were crowned 2012 World Series Champions. We try to follow these news and rumors by doing a daily wrap-up post but many times, our faithful readership asks follow-ups on our blog, Facebook, and Twitter. Yesterday, we solicited questions and we will do our best to give some answers based on the top news and rumors.
Side note: The mailbag concept has been around for quite sometime but this particular mailbag was sparked explicitly by the wonderful mailbags put together by my former Phillies Nation co-writer Michael Baumann. Big shout out to Mike.
On to the questions! We had a few duplicates so I have combined some into categories but we'll start off with a pretty open ended question:
Bradey P. asked: What player/players do the Phillies HAVE to get to remain contenders?
This is an excellent question, Bradley. It really depends on your definition of contender, however. Do you consider the Phillies making the playoffs, even as a Wild Card, a contender, or a full-on run-away-with-the-division-by-September year? If the former is your question, you're in luck, there's a few realistic scenarios out there where the Phillies can quickly, easily, and affordably get back in the playoff mix. Unfortunately, the pieces probably aren't in place to get back to the latter within the next season or two.
But let's examined where the Phils finished last year, seven games behind the Cardinals, and the performance of some of their key players. Roy Halladay provided just 2.5 fWAR last year, his lowest total since 2001, Cliff Lee posted just 4.9 WAR (very good but off his normal pace) and Ryan Howard provided -1.0 WAR last year. If Doc bounces back to even 3.5 WAR, which is likely, Lee produces 6.0 WAR (an All-Star caliber year), and Howard provides just 1.0 WAR, a 2.0 WAR net-gain, the Phils are suddenly only three games behind the 88-win threshold that likely gets them the second Wild Card. Jimmy Rollins posted an astounding 4.9 WAR last year, while Chooch posted a career-high 5.5 WAR. Let's say those guys come back to earth, at least a little bit, and each lose a win. The Phillies are now back to five games off the 88 win pace. So in between now and Opening Day, the Phillies need to add five wins.
What is the best way to get there? Adding Josh Hamilton would add at least four wins immediately but only a net of about three wins because Hunter Pence and Domonic Brown were worth about one wins combined. Adding B.J. Upton would have less of an effect in center because: 1.) He's a 3.5 – 4.0 win player and 2.) he'd be replacing 2.6 wins from Shane Victorino and John Mayberry Jr. Adding both, however impossible it may sound, would be the quickest, but also the most unlikely scenario to immediately catapult the Phillies back into the playoff mix. If I had to pick one difference maker, I would sign Hamilton because his addition combined with who he is replacing gives you the biggest bang for your buck but I advise that this is not the ideal way to consider moves, although this strategy could work incrementally across each position.
Speaking of Hamilton…
Danny B. asked: are we still looking into going for Josh Hamilton?
If I were in the Phils' front office, I would monitor the Hamilton situation very closely. MLB.com's Greg Johns reported yesterday that the Mariners are now very likely out of the running for Hamilton, leaving his presumed suitors to include Atlanta, Baltimore, Boston, and Philadelphia. Atlanta is believed to be aggressively pursuing both B.J. Upton and Michael Bourn, it is unknown if Baltimore has the payroll flexibility to compete to sign Hamilton, and Boston certainly has the cash but may not have the pride to sign yet another big contract this quickly after dumping Adrian Gonzalez and Carl Crawford so quickly. Texas has offered Hamilton a three-year deal – the Phillies likely will have to be willing to go at least five to have a chance. I could see them offering five years. He would have the biggest net-impact among the free agent pool but would force the Phillies into some tedious decisions like I outlined in my 2013 plan: the Phillies would have to give up the 16th overall pick and would likely have to decline Doc's 2014 option if Hamilton signs. Is it worth it? Four to five years and anything with an average annual value under $23 million would certainly be, though. Hamilton should get that and then some – it remains to be seen if it will be from the Phils.
Outfield Questions Galore!:
@MikeCorson asked: what are the chances of signing BJ Upton then trading for Justin Upton?
This scenario, unfortunately, is highly unlikely. My main man Pat Gallen wrote about the improbability of this here last week.
Michael G asked: Who's gonna play center field?
If you had to hold me to a pick: John Mayberry Jr. with Angel Pagan as my second pick. Even though his tools are among the best fits for this Phillies line-up, I believe B.J. Upton will sign with the Braves and Michael Bourn ends up in Washington. Ken Rosenthal reported yesterday that Pagan will likely be the first chip to fall in the center field snatch-'em-up, with the Giants, Phillies, Nationals, and Braves being the main suitors. Rosenthal predicted Pagan will sign before the Winter Meetings start on December 3 and previously stated that Giants' GM Brian Sabean was "confident" the club would resign Pagan. Reds' GM Walt Jocketty, however, said to John Fay of the Cincinatti Enquirer that the team has not contacted Pagan but "not that we wouldn't but I wonder about the money." That could be a blessing and a curse. More on that in the next one.
Luis T. asked: What is the best move the Phillies should make to shore up the outfield? Sign a big name free agent? Pull off a trade? Or go for someone like Angel Pagan?
I think Angel Pagan would be a nice fit in Philadelphia. Interesting, none of the four of us who gave predictions picked him for our dream 2013 Phillies team. Pagan, per reports, is being targeted by anyone and everyone who is looking for a center fielder as a back-up plan, which is directly driving up his price and limiting his suitors to the teams with the biggest pocket books. It's a shame the Phillies do not seem to be in on Shane Victorino – he was last linked to Cincinnati and Cleveland – and would probably provide equal value at a lesser price than Pagan. The best move, in my opinion, for 2013 is a combination of signing Hamilton and Victorino to plug right and center. Long term, that plan is likely a disaster. Long term, Upton and in-house, cost controlled options is the way to go.
@Kevb26 asked: if Phils lose out on Upton and Bourn, would they consider Victorino?
Kevin – you read my mind. I think of Victorino as the really reliable friend – the one that doesn't like to go on impulse gambling trips, the one that isn't your sports watching or sports game day buddy, or the one who isn't really into pro wrestling and is absolutely not available any time WWE is on. Victorino is the Phillies friend who could stop by whenever, even after not seeing each other for years, and fit right back in just like old times. I'm not implying or suggesting that he would come at a discount but it would be among the least shocking things if Victorino was the Phils' center fielder next year, particularly if they sign Hamilton or a combination of mid-level free agents. They may sign one to play third, which leads to:
Bobby H. (Unfortunately, not Heenan) asked: Who is going to play third? Youkilis?
You'd certainly think that if you refreshed MLB Trade Rumors several times a day like I do. Kevin Frandsen filled in admirably at third but is not an every day player. Freddy Galvis plays the infield well but has played nothing but shortstop in the Venezuelan Winter League. Cody Asche is now a hot-hitting solution but will need seasoning in Triple-A before he mans the hot corner for the Phils. Ideally, a solution for the Phils is: 1.) one year and 2.) cost-effective. Frandsen meets that qualification. Frandsen, Placido Polanco, and Mike Fontenot provided about 2.4 wins last year for the Phillies – 20 MLB third baseman provided that level of production last year, and one of them was Jeff Keppinger. Keppinger is a free agent but will likely get a two year deal worth from $7-10 million. That's a swallow-able commitment, unlikely Youkilis, who may get more, is deteriorating quickly after five trips in the last four years to the DL, and who provides below average defense. Again, though, if I had to pull the trigger on someone to play third, I'd pick Frandsen as the Opening Day third baseman.
For the final two Phillies-related questions, we will stay with the theme of late-season over-achievers:
Tony M. asked: Will Ruf get a chance to play Left Field? and
Shane W. asked: With Chooch playing regularly behind the plate, what role will Kratz serve? As a little pop off the bench or on the minors until he is called up again?
Ruf will absolutely get the opportunity to play left but he has a lot working against him. First, should the Phillies sign any outfielder, that means there is six outfielders: Outfielder X, Ruf, Brown, Mayberry, Schierholtz, Nix. The easy out? Non-tender or trade Schierholtz. The more expensive solution? Cut Nix. The cheapest and most cost-effective solution? Let Ruf start in Triple-A. All three might be necessary should they sign three outfielders. But, the good news for Ruf is that he is hitting and got the attention of the GM per CSN's Jim Salisbury:
Amaro said he has been impressed with the reports on Darin Ruf, who was hitting .264 with nine homers and 19 RBIs in 72 at-bats over 20 games in Venezuela. Amaro has gotten positive feedback on Ruf's progress in left field from manager Jorge Velandia, a Phillies staffer.
"Yeah, baby, I love it," Amaro said of the reports on Ruf. "I hope that he's challenging for a job in left field next year for the Fightins. Jorge likes him and says he can play left field. We'll get others to see him. We're not giving him anything, but he's certainly in the conversation."
As for Kratz, I anticipate Kratz's has fully earned his role as the back-up catcher for the Phils. The Phils, rightly, let Brian Schneider become a free agent and Kratz is better than any back-up caliber option available on the open market. He should be sprinkled in more next season to relieve Chooch, particularly if Chooch continues to have minor, nagging injuries. As for using him off the bench, it is always a tough call to pinch hit using your back-up catcher but he demonstrated against Craig Kimbrall that he can be a weapon from there. It will depend on Chooch's health but Kratz is absolutely on the Phils in 2013 with a slightly bigger role than Schneider had from 2010-2012.
Finally, for the last question:
Michael S. asked: Ian who ??
Ian Riccaboni – Riccaboni is the plural of Riccabono, which translated from Italian means fortunate and rich. No, I am not related to Harry "The Hunchback" Riccobene. I'm from Allentown, PA and have been writing for and appearing on television representing Phillies Nation for exactly one year as of last week. Before that, I graduated from NYU, blogged for several years, had a few appearances on MTV, and was the second-banana on a local television show. I support several foundations, including Angel 34 and Phillies Nation Charities. That should answer your question – thank you for asking. Thank you everyone for your questions! Looking forward to hearing from you again next Sunday.
Posts: 0 brooks
Funny Ian, I like your style.
The Phils need to address the outfield first and foremost. Of course, the assumptions are that Howard, Utley (hopefully plays more than 130 games), Doc, Worley, Stutes will all bounce back and have average or better than average years – more of what we have seen in the past.
I think Kevin should play himself out of 3rd base, that position should be second on the list of priorities. Next is the BP.
I would not be too sad to see Mayberry, Nix, Schnieder, Lindabloom, Sanches, Valdes, Rosenburg (less so) and yes, D. Brown exit this year. Poly is gone. Oh, no more Herndon.
Keep Pierre, why not? What could he cost the Phils and what does he have to offer? He led the team in average, stolen bases, triples, his OBP was .351, sacrifice bunts (by a long shot) – so, my outfield would consist of Pierre, Victorino and Ruf as my primary 3. Backups would be Wiggy (if he's kept), Nix (if kept) and Brown or Mayberry (if kept).
IF – Howard, Utley, Rollins and Frandsen – with Orr, Galvis and I'd even keep Fontenot around if needed.
C – of course is Choochie keeping Kratz as the backup.-
Posts: 0 c schreiber
Brooks have you been on a long vacation or what??? Victorino, Wigginton and Fonteno are no longer P's property!!! You been in outerspace away for the last 4 months or so??
Posts: 0 Ryne Duren
hey fellas i've not been posting for awhile. i've been busy and lots of stuff going on . i just lost a friend from childhood to cancer, he would have been 60 early this month. so with that said. life must go on . and i'm glad to have you guys for friends even though we don't know each other personally but we are all in the phils family. and that's comforting . i thought i'd share that with you guys.
ok now, ian i'm a fan, i like your articles. also i actually like most if not all of you guys. it's a fun place to read and comment.
and lefty you're right pierre signed with the marlins, and wiggy's gone also. non tendered? the guys i'd like to see outta here would be brown, mayberry shitholz, linbum. hopefully we can trade some of these guys for someone who'll actually help us win!you know with all those needs we all talk about leads me to believe we're not gonna contend! when you start talking about stuff like that and then add all the (if this guy or that guy is healthy stuff)
Posts: 0 Ken Bland
I have a feeling Vic is Atlanta bound, but that is one from Just Short of Wild Guesses. Semi affordable for a non funds are flowing franchise.
Solid message from Ryne Duren above. Truly sorry for your loss.
Aps to Lefty informing me I misquoted him on something regarding Stanton the other day. I HATE being misquoted, or taken out of context, so the apology is real.
Good job by Juan Pierre to double his pay, and I assume get a chance to play. Seemed to be a real good example around these parts, and that might be useful to Stanton and others. Plus, even RyHo can run on him.
I like Ian's style, too. Seems to have majored in Self Deprication at the University of Humor.
Not a knock on anyone else, just appreciation of a perceived strength of his.
Posts: 0 George
You are not spouting drivel. (Well, maybe once in a while you are!)Also, to Ryne Duren:
I certainly know what it is like losing someone close. Unfortunately, it's one of those things that comes with life. I hope you can get through this without too much difficulty, and I hope, too, that you can elevate your confidence level in the Phils this year to maybe give Brown another chance. He's still young. The injury issues may be troubling, but I really believe Howard will be back to good health and Halladay is not done. What I read about the others is that Wiggy had an option which thankfully wasn't picked up, and that Sheirholtz is a possible non-tender. Maybe some of your wishes will come true. (I'd agree that Lindbomb is not the right guy and I hope they do something with him.)I'd write more, but I've had some health issues myself this past month or so, and I'm really, really, worn out.
Posts: 0 Schwalmy
Okay I see on MLB trade rumors that kc is making half there team avalibile!!! Why the hell Are the Phil's not lighting up the phones to get there hands on Alex Gordon !!!! I mean damn!!! Power hitting 3b man and I think he hits righties…. I would trade brown for that!!!!!
Posts: 0 schmenkman
Yeah, it's interesting that someone would just assume that the Phillies are not looking into it.
The price would be quite steep, but he would be a nice pickup.
Posts: 0 George
Hey, Ken, it's no big deal going off-topic when your off-topic comment is as worthwhile as the one you just made. Every bit of what you said is spot-on.
Happy Thanksgiving to all.
Posts: 0 IceboxJewelry
Cool blog! Is your theme custom made or did you download it from somewhere? A theme like yours with a few simple tweeks would really make my blog jump out. sell diamonds atlanta


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Hogar Crea, Inc.
B-311265: May 27, 2008
Additional Materials:
- Full Report:
Ralph O. White
(202) 512-8278
(202) 512-4800
(202) 512-8278
Office of Public Affairs
(202) 512-4800
Hogar Crea, Inc. (HCI) protests the award of a contract to Volunteers of America, Inc. (VOA) under request for proposals (RFP) No. 200-0951-SE, issued by the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) for residential reentry center (RRC) services for federal offenders in the San Juan, Puerto Rico metropolitan area. HCI contends that the BOP's evaluation of the offerors' proposals was unreasonable, and that the source selection decision was flawed.
We deny the protest.


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in my app, when user click on a button in webview, a phonegap plugin will be called to trigger an asynctask to download file from internet. Now i want to send a signal back to javascript part when the asynctask is finished. But i don't know how to do it, because my plugin had already send something back before the asynctask is finished. Does anyone know how i can notify my javascript part without plugin in Phonegap?
I also asked this question in Phonegap Google Group, here is response of Simon Mac Donald. It works perfectly for me: You can handle this situation by using the Plugin API quite easily. It is implemented in the core API items Connection and Battery. What you need to do is: 1) In your execute() method of your plugin save the callbackId you get. 2) Return a NO_RESULT plugin result and set keep callback id to true.
3) When you async java method finishes return another plugin result like this:
As I said, you can look at the code in GitHub to see how we are using this for Connection and Battery. |
This is how I solve problems like your. 1) Create and associate a JavascriptInterface to your WebView. A JavascriptInterface is simply a class inside which you can declare some Java method you want to use from JS.
2) In your AsyncTask, at the end of
3) In your Activity you have to associate the JSInterface object to your WebView:
4) Finally, in JS, you can call AsyncTask (I don't know how you call it, but I guess you use somthing like a JSInterface) and after call
I hope it solves your problem ;) |
Here is a detailed example: Lets create some interface that should be called when In my case we fetch some MyTaskListenerItf.java
The MyBuildTask.java
So now our MyCordovaPlugin.java
That's all. Hope it will help to someone. |


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Nike Hyperdunk 2013 in Four "Oregon Duck" PE Colorways by Aaron Hope 0 Comments
August 13, 2013 BY Aaron Hope / 2
Serious ballers work on their game all summer, so while the Nike Hyperdunk 2013 hasn't made too many headlines of late, it's getting ready to be one of the key basketball shoes for the 2013-14 season. You can picture this latest colorway connecting to Syracuse University, one of the NBA teams with orange in their jerseys or perhaps your favorite local squad. They're mostly silvery blue with bright orange accents including the Hyperdunk 2013's signature element, that high arching LunarLon midsole. Have another look after the jump and stick with Sneaker News for the latest Hyperdunk 2013 release info.
Nike Hyperdunk 2013
Light Armory Blue/Armory Slate-Team Orange
Photos: mita sneakers
Filed under: Basketball Hyperdunk Upcoming Sneakers
J.R. Smith Fined $50K for Shoelace Stunt by Brendan Dunne 17 Comments
Nike KD 6 + Hyperdunk 2013 "Arizona Wildcats" PEs by John Kim 0 Comments
NBA Feet: Weekend Recap – 12/20 – 12/22 by Patrick Johnson 1 Comments


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Russia is forging closer ties with China. We need to convince Beijing not to play Putin's game
A word of advice if you are planning a round-the-world cruise in 2034: Don't. One of Russia's top China-watchers predicts that is when the Third World War will break out, with China and the United States going head-to-head for global hegemony.
The good news is that the big bust-up is not going to happen this year. Artyom Lukin, a professor at the Far Eastern university in Vladivostok, reckons China needs 20 years more of double-digit defence spending to reach parity with the combined US and Japanese forces in east Asia. In the meantime it has to sort out three things:


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Kuwait tops up Libyan rebels' kitty
PUBLISHED: 27 Apr 2011 00:02:12 | UPDATED: 27 Apr 2011 00:30:28PUBLISHED: 27 Apr 2011 PRINT EDITION: 27 Apr 2011Libya's Transitional National Council, the group representing rebels fighting Muammar Gaddafi, has been given $169 million by Kuwait, council chief Mustafa Abdel-Jalil claims.
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People | John Mccain, Muammar Gaddafi |
Topics | Politics /World Politics |


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this wiki
Barad-dûr | |
Place in Arda | |
Aliases | The Dark Tower, Lugbúrz, The Dark Tower of Mordor |
Built by | Sauron |
Realm | Mordor Orodruin (Gorgoroth) |
Lord | Sauron |
Type | Fortress-Tower |
Lifespan | SA 1600 - March 25, 3019 |
- "Then at last his gaze was held: wall upon wall, battlement upon battlement, black tower of adamant, he saw it: Barad-dûr, Fortress of Sauron. All hope left him."
- —The Fellowship of the Ring, "The Breaking of the Fellowship"
Barad-dûr, was the Dark Lord Sauron's primary fortress in Mordor, serving as his base of operations and the primary nexus of evil in Middle-earth. Standing over 4,593 feet (1,400 meters) tall, and held together by dark magic, it was the greatest fortress in all of Middle-earth. It was originally built in the Second Age and razed after Sauron's defeat in the War of the Last Alliance. Sauron had Barad-dûr rebuilt during the Third Age as he rose back into power, but the tower was forever destroyed immediately following the destruction of the One Ring, as it was constructed and held together using the Ring's dark magic.
Barad-dûr was built by Sauron in the land of Mordor, not far from the volcano known as Mount Doom. The construction of the tower began around the year SA 1000, and took six hundred years to complete. It was the greatest fortress ever built since the fall of Angband during the War of Wrath.
Barad-dûr fell under siege for seven years by the Last Alliance of Elves and Men during the Second Age, and was leveled after Sauron's defeat at the hands of Isildur, but because it was created using the power of the One Ring, its foundations could not be destroyed completely while the Ring itself still existed. As Isildur failed to destroy the Ring, the tower was eventually re-built when Sauron returned to Mordor thousands of years later.
Some time near the end of the Third Age (TA 3009-TA 3017), Gollum was captured and taken to Barad-dûr, while Gandalf and Aragorn were also searching for him. He was tortured for information regarding the whereabouts of the One Ring, as Sauron had learned that he had once possessed it, and thus Sauron learned that the One Ring had been found. Satisfied that he had learned all he could from the creature, Sauron allowed Gollum to be released in TA 3017.Only when Frodo Baggins (with the unwitting aid of Gollum) destroyed the One Ring was the Tower finally brought down. Without Sauron's power from the Ring to sustain it, it could not stand. The moment the One Ring was cast into the fires of Mt. Doom and was unmade, Barad-dûr collapsed into ruin, never to be rebuilt.
The Dark Tower was described as existing on a massive scale so large it was almost surreal, although Tolkien does not provide much detail beyond its size and immense strength. Since it had a "topmost tower" (the location of the Window of the Eye, from which the Eye of Sauron gazed out over Middle-earth), it presumably had multiple towers. It is otherwise described as dark and surrounded in shadow, so that it could not be clearly seen. It was known to have giant caverns or "Pits" under the immense structure which could have been prisons.
Barad-dûr means "Dark tower" in Sindarin, from barad ("fortress, tower") and dûr ("dark").
In Black Speech, it is called Lugbúrz, also meaning "Dark tower".
Portrayal in adaptationsEdit
The Return of the King (1980) Edit
In The Return of the King film created by Rankin/Bass and Topcraft, Barad-dûr is only shown a few times. It is depicted as a castle-like fortress on the side of a mountain. The eye of Sauron is not a part of the tower as depicted in Peter Jackson's films, rather it appears in the skies of Mordor.
The Lord of the Rings film trilogyEdit
In the Lord of the Rings films by Peter Jackson, Richard Taylor and his design team built a nine foot high miniature bigature of Barad-dûr for use in the film. Using the size scale for the model implemented for the films, the Dark Tower is depicted as being over 1,500 meters (5,000 feet) tall. [Source?]
Visually, the eye of Sauron was on top of Barad-dûr, looking out on Middle-earth, searching for the One Ring.
The Return of the King film also shows Barad-dûr as clearly visible from the Black Gate of Mordor. Even granting its enormous size, it was located one hundred miles away and to the east of the Gate, not to mention being behind the inner mountain ridges of Udûn so Aragorn's army would probably not have been able to see it. It is also shown in front of Mount Doom, but when looking from the gate as shown in the maps of Middle-earth, Barad-dûr is actually somewhat behind Mount Doom. Also, it is significantly closer to Mount Doom in the Return of the King film than in the previous two films. In the film version, the geography of Mordor and Middle-earth in general seems to have been compressed somewhat, perhaps for artistic reasons related to rendering such complex stories in a visual medium. In the case of the Black Gate scene, having Barad-dûr visible from the Gate means that the army can see the Eye of Sauron staring at them.
Sauron's sanctum is below the apex where the Eye was, and his throne is guarded by the Elite Black Uruks.
Another reference to a place in or near the Dark Tower was the "Black Pits", mentioned by Shagrat at Cirith Ungol. It was a slave-mining-place for disobedient orcs.
This page uses content from Wikipedia. The original article was at Barad-dûr. The list of authors can be seen in the page history. As with The One Wiki to Rule Them All, the text of Wikipedia is available under the Commons Attribution-Share Alike license. |
Places of Middle-earth and Arda
Middle-earth Locations:
Provinces/Regions: Dunland | Ithilien | Rohan | Arnor | Ettenmoors | Gondor | Lindon | Minhiriath | Rhûn | The Shire | Mordor | Harad | Forochel Forests & Mountains: Amon Dîn | Amon Hen | Amon Lhaw | Emyn Muil | Erebor | Fangorn Forest | High Pass | Iron Hills | Lórien | Mirkwood | Mount Doom | Old Forest | Redhorn Pass | Tower Hills | Weather Hills City/Fortifications: Angband | Barad-dûr | Bree | Caras Galadhon | Dol Guldur | Fornost | Helm's Deep | Isengard | Minas Morgul | Minas Tirith | Osgiliath | Rivendell | Umbar | Utumno Miscellaneous: Cair Andros | Gap of Rohan | Grey Havens | Buckland | Enedwaith | Dagorlad | Dead Marshes | Fords of Isen | Weathertop | Argonath The rest of Arda:
Valinor | Númenor | Dark Land | Aman | Tol Eressëa |


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This hotel is situated between Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. Notting Hill, one of London's most eminent districts, is within easy reach. Scores of lively bars, pubs and restaurants are easily reached on foot. The nearest public transport links are also just a short walk away. The establishment comprises a total of 44 accommodation units. Guests of the establishment are welcomed in the lobby, which has a 24-hour reception and a 24-hour check-out service. A lift provides easy access to the upper floors. Services and facilities at the hotel include a safe, internet access, a restaurant, a breakfast room, a TV room and a laundry. All accommodation units feature central heating and a bathroom. A safe is also available. A trouser press is also available to guests. Each accommodation unit offers internet access, a telephone, a TV and a radio. Each of the bathrooms features a shower, a hairdryer and tiles. Each accommodation unit includes a bathroom with tiles. Breakfast is bookable as a board option. The following credit cards are accepted at the establishment: American Express, VISA, Diners Club and MasterCard.
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Pauline's Church Rye Bread
From vickid3 Report abuse
This recipe was submitted by a reader and has not been tested in our kitchen.
This recipe was used by the Church for their annual Noodle Soup and Rye Bread dinners for the community and is still in use today. May want to reduce qty's, as this makes 10 loaves.
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Yields: 10 loaves
Cook Time: 40 min
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- 3 quart(s) warm water
- Mix warm water with yeast. Add remaining ingredients and mix well. (Oil and sugar are actually called out as scant cup on the recipe). Let rise until double in size. Punch down. Let rise again. Seperate into loaves and put into loaf pans. Let rise again. Bake at 375 degrees for 40 minutes.
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A lot vs. Alot: 9 Grammatical Pitfalls
oxime ox·ime (ŏk'sēm)n. Any of a group of compounds formed by treating aldehydes or ketones with a nitrogen-containing reducing agent.
any of a class of nitrogen-containing organic compounds usually prepared from hydroxylamine and an aldehyde, a ketone, or a quinone. Oximes have the structure X\Y/C NOH, in which X and Y are hydrogen atoms or organic groups derived by removal of a hydrogen atom from an organic compound. Because most oximes are solids with characteristic melting points, they are useful in identifying liquid aldehydes and ketones.