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US 7613532 B2 Abstract Systems and methods for improving the signal to noise ratio for audio input in a computing system are provided. Signal to noise ratio improvements are enabled for an input audio signal by incorporating a plurality of microphones into the PC environment, for example, to improve the processing of voice or speech input or other audio capture applications. In various embodiments, a plurality of microphones are spaced apart, e.g., attached to or within a PC housing, in such a way that noise from PC components can be "subtracted" or reduced from an input audio signal, which increases the signal to noise ratio and improves audio processing accuracy. The "subtraction" or reduction techniques applied by the present invention are unique to the PC environment wherein different noises having particular characteristics can be identified, including, but not limited to, rattle of device components, fan noise and disk noise.
Claims(58) 1. A method for improving the signal to noise ratio for an audio input signal relative to the noise characteristics of an operating computing device recording the audio input signal, comprising:
receiving by the computing device the audio input signal;
recording a first sound signal based on the audio input signal with at least one audio input recording device located outside a substantially enclosed housing of the computing device;
recording a second sound signal based on the audio input signal with at least one audio input recording device located inside the substantially enclosed housing of the computing device;
loading a noise profile stored in the computing device, the noise profile indicative of noise characteristics of the computing device as established at the time of manufacturer of the computing device;
generating an estimated noise signal from the noise profile and the second sound signal; and
processing the estimated noise signal and the first sound signal to remove the estimated noise signal thereby generating a third sound signal, wherein the signal to noise ratio associated with the third sound signal is higher than the signal to noise ratio of the computing device associated with the first sound signal.
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routing the first and second analog sound signals through at least one analog-to-digital converter to generate first and second digital sound signals, respectively.
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intercepting the first digital sound signal by a frequency response filter and routing the output of the frequency response filter to a digital signal processing (DSP) device.
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31. A computing device, including:
a plurality of physical components including a substantially enclosed housing;
at least one audio input recording device located outside the substantially enclosed housing for recording an audio signal from outside the substantially enclosed housing during a time period and generating a first sound signal based thereon;
at least one audio input recording device located inside the substantially enclosed housing for recording the audio signal from inside the substantially enclosed housing during the time period and generating a second sound signal based thereon, wherein for the first sound signal, the ratio of the audio signal to a noise signal arising from noise characteristics of at least one physical component of the plurality of physical components is greater than the ratio of the audio signal to the noise signal for the second sound signal; and
at least one signal processing component configured to load a noise profile stored in the computing device, the noise profile indicative of noise characteristics of the computing device as established at the time of manufacturer of the computing device, the signal processing component further configured to generate an estimated noise signal from the noise profile and the second sound signal and the computing device configured to process the estimated noise signal and the first sound signal to remove the estimated noise signal thereby generating a third sound signal representative of the audio signal, wherein ratio of the audio signal to noise signal associated with the third sound signal is higher than the ratios for both the first and second sound signals.
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47. Signal processing electronics for processing sound signals in a computing device containing a plurality of physical components including a substantially enclosed housing, the signal processing electronics receiving as input a first sound signal recorded from outside the substantially enclosed housing of the computing device and a second sound signal recorded from inside the substantially enclosed housing of the computing device, comprising:
circuitry for loading a noise profile stored in the computing device, the noise profile indicative of noise characteristics of the computing device as established at the time of manufacturer of the computing device;
circuitry for generating an estimated noise signal from the noise profile and the second sound signal; and
circuitry for processing the estimated noise signal and the first sound signal to remove the estimated noise signal thereby generating a third sound signal, wherein the signal to noise ratio associated with the third sound signal is higher than the signal to noise ratio of the computing device associated with the first sound signal.
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57. A processor operatively coupled to a computing readable storage medium including computer readable instructions for improving the signal to noise ratio for an audio input signal relative to the noise characteristics of an operating computing device recording the audio input signal, when executed, the computer readable storage medium carry out the following methods:
recording a first sound signal based on the audio input signal with at least one audio input recording device located outside a substantially enclosed housing of the computing device;
recording a second sound signal based on the audio input signal with at least one audio input recording device located inside the substantially enclosed housing of the computing device;
loading a noise profile stored in the computing device, the noise profile indicative of noise characteristics of the computing device as established at the time of manufacturer of the computing device;
generating an estimated noise signal from the noise profile and the second sound signal; and
processing the estimated noise signal and the first sound signal to remove the estimated noise signal thereby generating a third sound signal, wherein the signal to noise ratio associated with the third sound signal is higher than the signal to noise ratio of the computing device associated with the first sound signal.
58. The processor operatively coupled to a computer readable storage medium of
Description A portion of the disclosure of this patent document may contain material that is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent files or records, but otherwise reserves all copyright rights whatsoever. The following notice shall apply to this document: Copyright© 2003, Microsoft Corp. The present invention is directed to systems and methods for improving the signal to noise ratio for audio input in a computing system. More particularly, the present invention is directed to systems and methods for addressing particular kinds of noise in a generally enclosed computing system environment. Real-time communication (RTC) through the personal computer (PC) and other computing devices is fast becoming a powerful means for users to communicate with each other. Speech recognition is also important as a natural interface to the PC environment for dictation, command and control. However, today's PC is generally too noisy for effective speech recognition and real-time communication scenarios that depend on accurate processing of audio, such as voice over IP (VOIP) and PC-telephony integration. The difference between a computer using speech recognition technologies accurately resolving a sound to a single linguistic counterpart and a computer not being able to perceive the difference between multiple linguistic choices for a sound can be small in terms of the corresponding signal to noise ratios. Thus, a small increase in signal to noise ratio can make all of the difference in the world when it comes to consistently accurate resolution of sound, such as speech. In this regard, noise from the PC and its components interferes with accurate processing of audio input signals by speech recognition technologies employing digital analysis. PC system noise raises the noise floor and concomitantly lowers the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which reduces the effective signal for speech recognition and other programs that process audio input. Consumers who want to capture audio input in today's PC environment must understand enough about acoustics and microphone technology to make an informed purchase of a high-quality microphone and place it in an optimal location. For consumers who are unwilling or unable to do this, today's PC environment is typically too noisy for scenarios that depend on accurate processing of audio, such as speech recognition, VOIP and PC telephony. Many prior techniques focused solely on the noise reduction algorithm and not the entire system and method for characterization of a particular type of noise source. For instance, from Silverberg et. al. "Feedback Method of Noise Control Having Multiple Inputs and Outputs" (U.S. Pat. No. 5,953,428), mention is made of only computational aspects whereby the feedback system computation is optimized. Furthermore, most existing solutions are aimed at complete hardware fixes that focus on literal damping of the acoustic noise to be eliminated. For reference, see e.g., http://www.quietpc.com/. A seminal work on sound absorption is Olson, H. F. and May E. G. (1953), Electronic Sound Absorber, Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 25, 1130-1136. Many historical aspects of vibration and control can be found in Elliot, S. J. and Nelson, P. A. "Active Control of Sound" as well. Dolby noise reduction (NR) is an existing noise reduction technique. Dolby NR makes no attempt to remove noise once it has been mixed in with the music. Rather, it prevents noise from being added to music as it is recorded in the first place. Dolby NR utilizes a two-step process that first encodes the music when it is recorded, and then decodes it when the tape is played back. This is why the Dolby noise reduction system in one's recorder/playback system should be switched on both when a cassette is recorded and when the cassette is being played. In recording, the Dolby NR circuit makes the quiet parts of the music, which are most susceptible to noise, louder than normal. When the encoded tape is played back, the Dolby NR circuit is switched around to lower, in turn, the previously boosted parts of the music. This automatically lowers any noise added to the music by the recording process, and it restores the music to its original form so that nothing is changed or lost but the noise. While Dolby NR has been utilized effectively for music being recorded on a cassette, Dolby NR has never been applied to the PC environment. Moreover, while Dolby NR works quite positively for white noise having equal distribution across the spectrum of frequencies (a constant hiss, for example, that results from cassette head recording electronics), its use is not specifically optimized for the type of noise being made. Instead, the algorithms of Dolby NR are applied based upon knowledge of how the human ear tends to work, i.e., that a human ear tends to hear in a spectrally related way. The Dolby NR algorithms are thus generalized based upon characteristics of the human ear, and accordingly are not suited to optimizing the signal to noise ratio of a signal input to a PC in view of the type of noise that a PC generates. In another signal analysis prior art area involving the analysis of noise, snapping shrimp noise is thought to be a major component of ambient noise at high frequencies (2 kHz-300 kHz) in warm shallow water. Accordingly, experiments have been designed to investigate its temporal and spatial distribution and variability, having applications to many underwater acoustic systems in providing background knowledge about the structure of this class of noise. For instance, in Li et al.'s "Estimating Snapping Shrimp Noise in Warm Shallow Water" (1999), three noise models, namely system noise, observational noise and beampattern uncertainty, are used to pattern noise. Their simulation results indicate that their stochastic inversion algorithm is robust to reasonable levels of these types of noise, enabling the imaging of shrimp noise intensity on a seabed over an area of some 350 m2 with a resolution of 3.5 m2 and with a Root Mean Squared (rms) error below 20%, or approximately 0.8 dB. The analysis of snapping shrimp noise illustrates that the modeling of a particular type of noise (i.e., shrimp noise) according to known mathematical models is known in the art of noise analysis and reduction. To people in search of shrimp beds, the goal may even be to enhance shrimp noise over other ambient aquatic noises. However, the modeling of shrimp noise is hardly applicable to a PC environment for a variety of reasons (other than that computers do not behave well when the internal electronics are shorted). Mainly, the shrimp noise is not coming from within a small substantially enclosed area, the shrimp noise follows a single mathematical model and the signal of interest is not nearby and directed at the small substantially enclosed area for processing. It is also known in the art to use beamforming. A beamformer is a spatial filter that operates on the output of an array of sensors in order to enhance the amplitude of a coherent wavefront relative to background noise and directional interference. The so-called "pointing direction"0 is called the Maximum Response Angle (MRA), and can be arbitrarily chosen for the beams. The goal of beamforming is to sum multiple elements to achieve a narrower response in a desired direction (the MRA). That way when a sound is heard in a given beam, the direction from which it came is known. Real implementations introduce things such as nulls and sidelobes, which are not discussed herein. However, beamforming also does not tailor its technique to the type of noise characteristic in a PC enclosed environment, and the enclosure itself inhibits the notion of directional interference. Two types of noise known to affect cell phone operation are hybrid echoes and acoustic echoes. Hybrid echo(s) relate to delay(s) in the electrical path between the microphone and earpiece of speaker and receiver, respectively, and are inherent in designs involving 2-to-4 wire conversion. Acoustic echo is created by the loudspeaker in a phone. The sound comes out of loudspeaker in the phone, bounces off the walls, ceiling and other objects in the room, reflects and comes back to the phone's microphone. It is thus known in the cell phone art to use a technique called echo cancellation to minimize the effects of these communication nuisances. However, these kinds of echoes are not endemic to a PC operating environment. In short, there is ambient noise (e.g., phone ringing, air conditioning, street noise, planes flying by, people talking, etc.) in a PC environment and there is PC noise (e.g., fans, disks, chassis rattle, etc.). There are a number of mechanisms that already exist for addressing ambient noise in a target environment, such as spatial filtering, beamforming and echo cancellation algorithms, some of which are discussed herein; none of these algorithms, however, adequately address the problem of PC noise affecting the resolution of a recording of an input audio signal due to predominance of noise in the signal to noise ratio. Accordingly, there is a great need for a mechanism or vehicle to improve the ability of the PC to process audio input accurately, making the PC a much better tool for speech recognition and real-time communication for home and business users. Such a tool would have practical use beyond the boundaries of the PC environment as well, to the extent that such environments mimic the characteristics of the PC noise, such as in some noisy industrial environments. It would be further desirable to recognize the particular kinds of noise that exist in a PC environment, so as to apply algorithms suited to the reduction of PC noise. It would be further desirable to develop mathematical models that efficiently model the type(s) of noise identified in a PC environment, so it may be effectively reduced to improve the signal to noise ratio associated with the input of an audio signal to a PC environment. It would be still further desirable to provide such a mechanism at a low cost to the consumer. The present invention provides systems and methods for improving the signal to noise ratio of audio input in a computing system. The invention thus enables audio signal input signal to noise ratio improvements that incorporate a plurality of microphones into the PC environment, for example, to improve the processing of voice or speech input or other audio capture applications. In various embodiments, the invention incorporates a plurality of microphones spaced apart, e.g., attached to or within a PC housing, in such a way that noise from PC components can be "subtracted" or reduced from an input audio signal, which increases the signal to noise ratio and improves audio processing accuracy. The "subtraction" or reduction techniques applied by the present invention are unique to the PC environment wherein different noises having particular characteristics can be identified, including, but not limited to, noise from rattle of the housing or other component in the PC environment, fan noise and disk noise. Other features and embodiments of the present invention are described below. The systems and methods for improving the signal to noise ratio for audio input in accordance with the present invention are further described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: Overview As mentioned, the present invention improves the signal to noise ratio for audio input by incorporating at least two microphones into the PC computing environment. The invention incorporates a plurality of microphones into the PC in such a way that noise from PC components is "subtracted" from an input audio signal, which increases the signal to noise ratio and improves audio processing accuracy. The benefits of the invention are clear. In addition to improving the quality of the audio signal by boosting its significance relative to PC noise, the present invention relieves consumers of the burden of managing the acoustics of the PC, i.e., the consumer does not need to choose a microphone or decide where to place it in order to enjoy the benefits of highly accurate audio input. Another notable characteristic of the invention is that it corrects noise from inside the PC, not ambient noise from the user's environment. The present invention also provides a low-cost means for users to have a better experience with voice input at the PC, using low-cost hardware and elegant algorithm(s), rather than more expensive hardware and complex algorithm(s). This invention thus greatly improves the ability of the PC to process audio input accurately, which makes it a much better tool for speech recognition and real-time communication for home and business users. The invention also has significant potential for PCs used in noisy industrial environments. Exemplary Networked and Distributed Environments One of ordinary skill in the art can appreciate that noise can result from any computer or other client or server device, which can be deployed as part of a computer network, or in a distributed computing environment. In this regard, the present invention pertains to any computer system or environment having any number of memory or storage units, and any number of applications and processes occurring across any number of storage units or volumes, which may be used in connection with processes for which the increase of signal to noise ratio in accordance with the present invention would be advantageous. The present invention may apply to an environment with server computers and client computers deployed in a network environment or distributed computing environment, having remote or local storage. The present invention may also be applied to standalone computing devices, having programming language functionality, interpretation and execution capabilities for generating, receiving and transmitting information in connection with remote or local services. RTC communication is particularly relevant to those computing devices operating in a network or distributed computing environment, and thus the signal to noise ratio improvement techniques in accordance with the present invention can be applied with great efficacy in those environments. Distributed computing facilitates sharing of computer resources and services by exchange between computing devices and systems. These resources and services include the exchange of information, cache storage, and disk storage for files, all of which can implicate and create noise in a computing environment. Distributed computing takes advantage of network connectivity, allowing clients to leverage their collective power to benefit the entire enterprise. In this regard, a variety of devices may have applications, objects or resources that may implicate the signal to noise ratio improvement processes of the invention. It can also be appreciated that an object, such as 110 c, may be hosted on another computing device 10 a, 10 b, etc. or 110 a, 110 b, etc. Thus, although the physical environment depicted may show the connected devices as computers, such illustration is merely exemplary and the physical environment may alternatively be depicted or described comprising various digital devices such as PDAs, televisions, MP3 players, etc., software objects such as interfaces, COM objects and the like. There are a variety of systems, components, and network configurations that support distributed computing environments. For example, computing systems may be connected together by wired or wireless systems, by local networks or widely distributed networks. Currently, many of the networks are coupled to the Internet, which provides the infrastructure for widely distributed computing and encompasses many different networks. Any of the infrastructures may be used for exemplary real-time communications (or other applications that rely on a desirable signal to noise ratio). In home networking environments, there are at least four disparate network transport media that may each support a unique protocol, such as Power line, data (both wireless and wired), voice (e.g., telephone) and entertainment media. Most home control devices such as light switches and appliances may use power line for connectivity. Data Services may enter the home as broadband (e.g., either DSL or Cable modem) and are accessible within the home using either wireless (e.g., HomeRF or 802.11b) or wired (e.g., Home PNA, Cat 5, Ethernet, even power line) connectivity. Voice traffic may enter the home either as wired (e.g., Cat 3) or wireless (e.g., cell phones) and may be distributed within the home using Cat 3 wiring. Entertainment media, or other graphical data, may enter the home either through satellite or cable and is typically distributed in the home using coaxial cable. IEEE 1394 and DVI are also digital interconnects for clusters of media devices. All of these network environments and others that may emerge as protocol standards may be interconnected to form a network, such as an intranet, that may be connected to the outside world by way of the Internet. In short, a variety of disparate sources exist for the storage and transmission of data, and consequently, moving forward, computing devices will require ways of sharing data, such as data accessed or utilized incident to program objects, which make use of the signal to noise ratio improvement techniques in accordance with the present invention. The Internet commonly refers to the collection of networks and gateways that utilize the TCP/IP suite of protocols, which are well-known in the art of computer networking. TCP/IP is an acronym for "Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol." The Internet can be described as a system of geographically distributed remote computer networks interconnected by computers executing networking protocols that allow users to interact and share information over the network(s). Because of such wide-spread information sharing, remote networks such as the Internet have thus far generally evolved into an open system for which developers can design software applications for performing specialized operations or services, essentially without restriction. Thus, the network infrastructure enables a host of network topologies such as client/server, peer-to-peer, or hybrid architectures. The "client" is a member of a class or group that uses the services of another class or group to which it is not related. Thus, in computing, a client is a process, i.e., roughly a set of instructions or tasks, that requests a service provided by another program. The client process utilizes the requested service without having to "know" any working details about the other program or the service itself. In a client/server architecture, particularly a networked system, a client is usually a computer that accesses shared network resources provided by another computer, e.g., a server. In the example of A server is typically a remote computer system accessible over a remote or local network, such as the Internet. The client process may be active in a first computer system, and the server process may be active in a second computer system, communicating with one another over a communications medium, thus providing distributed functionality and allowing multiple clients to take advantage of the information-gathering capabilities of the server. Any software objects utilized pursuant to the signal to noise ratio improvement techniques of the invention may be distributed across multiple computing devices or objects. Client(s) and server(s) communicate with one another utilizing the functionality provided by a protocol layer. For example, HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a common protocol that is used in conjunction with the World Wide Web (WWW). Typically, a computer network address such as an Internet Protocol (IP) address or other reference such as a Universal Resource Locator (URL) can be used to identify the server or client computers to each other. The network address can be referred to as a URL address. Communication can be provided over a communications medium, e.g., client(s) and server(s) may be coupled to one another via TCP/IP connections for high-capacity communication. Thus, In a network environment in which the communications network/bus 14 is the Internet, for example, the servers 10 a, 10 b, etc. can be Web servers with which the clients 110 a, 110 b, 110 c, 110 d, 110 e, etc. communicate via any of a number of known protocols such as HTTP. Servers 10 a, 10 b, etc. may also serve as clients 110 a, 110 b, 110 c, 110 d, 110 e, etc., as may be characteristic of a distributed computing environment. Communications may be wired or wireless, where appropriate. Client devices 110 a, 110 b, 110 c, 110 d, 110 e, etc. may or may not communicate via communications network/bus 14, and may have independent communications associated therewith. For example, in the case of a TV or VCR, there may or may not be a networked aspect to the control thereof. Each client computer 110 a, 110 b, 110 c, 110 d, 110 e, etc. and server computer 10 a, 10 b, etc. may be equipped with various application program modules or objects 135 and with connections or access to various types of storage elements or objects, across which files or data streams may be stored or to which portion(s) of files or data streams may be downloaded, transmitted or migrated. Any computer 10 a, 10 b, 110 a, 110 b, etc. may be responsible for the maintenance and updating of a database 20 or other storage element, such as a database or memory 20 for storing data processed according to the invention. Thus, the present invention can be utilized in a computer network environment having client computers 110 a, 110 b, etc. that can access and interact with a computer network/bus 14 and server computers 10 a, 10 b, etc. that may interact with client computers 110 a, 110 b, et. and other like devices, and databases 20. Exemplary Computing Device Although not required, the invention can be implemented via an operating system, for use by a developer of services for a device or object, and/or included within application software that operates in connection with signal to noise ratio improvement in accordance with the invention. Software may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by one or more computers, such as client workstations, servers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures and the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically, the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced with other computer system configurations and protocols. Other well known computing systems, environments, and/or configurations that may be suitable for use with the invention include, but are not limited to, personal computers (PCs), automated teller machines, server computers, hand-held or laptop devices, multi-processor systems, microprocessor-based systems, programmable consumer electronics, network PCs, appliances, lights, environmental control elements, minicomputers, mainframe computers and the like. The invention may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network/bus or other data transmission medium. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices, and client nodes may in turn behave as server nodes. With reference to Computer 110 typically includes a variety of computer readable media. Computer readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by computer 110 and includes both volatile and nonvolatile media, removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media. Computer storage media includes both volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CDROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical disk storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can accessed by computer 110. Communication media typically embodies computer readable instructions, data structures, program modules or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term "modulated data signal" means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer readable media. The system memory 130 includes computer storage media in the form of volatile and/or nonvolatile memory such as read only memory (ROM) 131 and random access memory (RAM) 132. A basic input/output system 133 (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer 110, such as during start-up, is typically stored in ROM 131. RAM 132 typically contains data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated on by processing unit 120. By way of example, and not limitation, The computer 110 may also include other removable/non-removable, volatile/nonvolatile computer storage media. By way of example only, The drives and their associated computer storage media discussed above and illustrated in The computer 110 may operate in a networked or distributed environment using logical connections to one or more remote computers, such as a remote computer 180. The remote computer 180 may be a personal computer, a server, a router, a network PC, a peer device or other common network node, and typically includes many or all of the elements described above relative to the computer 110, although only a memory storage device 181 has been illustrated in When used in a LAN networking environment, the computer 110 is connected to the LAN 171 through a network interface or adapter 170. When used in a WAN networking environment, the computer 110 typically includes a modem 172 or other means for establishing communications over the WAN 173, such as the Internet. The modem 172, which may be internal or external, may be connected to the system bus 121 via the user input interface 160, or other appropriate mechanism. In a networked environment, program modules depicted relative to the computer 110, or portions thereof, may be stored in the remote memory storage device. By way of example, and not limitation, Exemplary Distributed Computing Frameworks or Architectures Various distributed computing frameworks have been and are being developed in light of the convergence of personal computing and the Internet. Individuals and business users alike are provided with a seamlessly interoperable and Web-enabled interface for applications and computing devices, making computing activities increasingly Web browser or network-oriented. For example, MICROSOFT®'s managed code platform, i.e., NET, includes servers, building-block services, such as Web-based data storage and downloadable device software. Generally speaking, the .NET platform provides (1) the ability to make the entire range of computing devices work together and to have user information automatically updated and synchronized on all of them, (2) increased interactive capability for Web sites, enabled by greater use of XML rather than HTML, (3) online services that feature customized access and delivery of products and services to the user from a central starting point for the management of various applications, such as e-mail, for example, or software, such as Office .NET, (4) centralized data storage, which will increase efficiency and ease of access to information, as well as synchronization of information among users and devices, (5) the ability to integrate various communications media, such as e-mail, faxes, and telephones, (6) for developers, the ability to create reusable modules, thereby increasing productivity and reducing the number of programming errors and (7) many other cross-platform integration features as well. While some exemplary embodiments herein are described in connection with software residing on a computing device, one or more portions of the invention may also be implemented via an operating system, application programming interface (API) or a "middle man" object, a control object, hardware, firmware, intermediate language instructions or objects, etc., such that the methods may be included in, supported in or accessed via all of the languages and services enabled by managed code such as .NET code, and in other distributed computing frameworks as well. Systems and Methods for Improving the Signal to Noise Ratio for Audio Input In one embodiment, one microphone is external and the other is inside the PC case. Both microphones capture audio input, but the internal microphone captures a stronger signal of the noise generated by PC components. The internal and external signals are then compared by software and the common frequencies are amplified. This effectively "subtracts" the PC-generated noise from the signal, which improves the signal to noise ratio. In further embodiments, the invention employs more than two microphones. In one embodiment, for example, a single microphone could be combined with an array microphone and still cancel noise from inside the PC case. In addition to the reasons presented in the background section above, the invention distinguishes over the case of canceling noise in a concert hall or a small room because those scenarios are not concerned with canceling reflection. Moreover, the present invention is concerned with different noise characteristics. For instance, the rattle of the housing of a computing device implicates noise known as Brownian noise having a characteristic Brownian noise state. Noise emission from equipment, such as information technology (IT) equipment is steadily growing. One of the major sources of IT equipment noise is the cooling fan. However, reducing the fan noise by conventional passive control means alone is generally difficult in an application due to tight volume and airflow constraints. Active noise control (ANC) can provide an enhanced noise reduction effect especially in the low frequency range where passive control methods may not be effective. To date, many researchers have reported the active reduction of tonal BPF (Blade Passing Frequency) noise from a fan. Since the broadband noise can be dominant when a fan is installed into a medium to high impedance PC casing, an ability to reduce both broadband and tonal noise is desirable. The fundamental aspects of such a system are threefold: (1) estimate the noise, (2) cancel the noise, and (3) render an appropriate audio signal without unwanted signals. The estimation and classification along with the cancellation is of great import in this context. In accordance with the invention, the system is specifically aimed at cancellation of the characteristic noise within the IT or PC environment. The methodology used with the invention concentrates on the method of cancellation and the method of system implementation. In various embodiments, the invention thus places at least one microphone 200 inside the housing of the device and at least one microphone 210 outside the housing of the device. By interconnecting the outputs of the microphone, summing and filtering, when the user delivers speech, the noise from components of the computing device can be "subtracted" or "inverted" or "cancelled" from the audio signal, which increases the signal to noise ratio and improves audio processing accuracy. The cancellation usually takes the form of a Least Squares mathematical cancellation once the noise is estimated. The Least Mean Squares (LMS) form of signal conditioning was made famous by Widrow et. al. In the case of updating the coefficients of the filters, the invention takes advantage of the perceptual auditory system whereby masking effects can be obtained up to 100 milliseconds. The basic LMS algorithm includes (a) a stochastic gradient algorithm in that the gradient vector is 'random' in contrast to steepest descent, (b) on average improvements in accuracy for increasing values of n, and (c) Reduction of storage requirement to information present in its current set of weights, and operation in a non-stationary environment. The last point is extremely valuable as the characterization of the system noise in this case is usually non-stationary. It is noted that all random processes are composed of random variables, each at its own unique point in time. Because of this, random processes have all the properties of random variables, such as mean, correlation, variances, etc. When dealing with groups of signals or sequences, the invention considers whether or not these statistical properties hold true for the entire random process. To do this, the concept of stationary processes has been developed. A stationary process may be defined as a random process where all of its statistical properties do not vary with time. Processes whose statistical properties do change are referred to as non-stationary. In past texts, such as Widrow et al., the LMS includes time domain implementations of the Least Mean Squared filtering response. With various embodiments of the invention, however, the system responds in the frequency domain. Thus, where the time aspect has been embodied in the past, the invention will substitute frequency components. These classes of filtering components can be considered Fast Transform Vector Filters. These classes of filters are extremely applicable to the new classes of digital signal processors and microprocessors that are readily available. However, it is noted that none of these existing classes of filters can be converted back to FFT scalar filters, which can be back converted into analog filtering processes. For an in depth review of these filtering processes see Lindquist, "Adaptive and Digital Signal Processing". In embodiments of the invention, Frequency domain filtering is considered as it pertains to feedforward systems since the noise can be sampled with the microphone that is embedded in the PC. However, a feedback system can be included to seek the optimum response depending on the characteristics of any non-stationary signals. A block diagram and corresponding mathematics of an embodiment of the system of the invention is illustrated in The total input r(n) is converted into to input spectrum R(m) by the FFT block. This spectrum is in conjunction with a priori information about the signal spectrum S(m) and the noise spectrum N(m) and processed to form an equivalent transfer function H(m). Then, the input spectrum R(m) is multiplied by H(m) to form the output spectrum C(m). Thus it is noted that multiplication in the frequency domain is the same as convolution in the time domain. As mentioned earlier, a feedback mechanism can be provided in the system that would update H(m) to compensate and optimize the system output response with respect to the noise spectrum N(m). In the case of adaptive noise cancellation, it may be assumed for illustrative purposes that noise in the case of a PC or IT environment is substantially "white noise". Thus:
The system definition is thus considered to be of the following: The general ANC system has two inputs. One input is the total input r(n) and composed of signals s(n) and n(n). The other input is the reference noise no(n) which is the reference noise, e.g., the microphone placed within the cavity of the PC. This system eliminates the signal s(n) by first estimating the noise n(n) "hat" from the reference noise no(n). It then subtracts it from the total input r(n)=s(n)+n(n) to form s(n) "hat"=s(n)+[n(n)−n(n) "hat". "Hat," normally a ^ symbol above the equation or variable, refers to an estimate. To be effective, the reference noise is correlated with the input noise and uncorrelated with the desired signal. With the invention, this is the case. With the invention, the more the noise is uncorrelated, the better the signal estimate. Not shown is that input signal 250 output from filter 240 is routed to an I/O controller, which forwards the signal to a sound card or other sound processing, recording or transmission device. In the case of the sound card, the sound card is "unaware" that the signal has been adjusted, i.e., the card simply receives a cleaner signal with a higher signal to noise ratio to pass along for software to use. Accordingly, there is no additional work for a consumer to perform; hence, the elegance of the first embodiment. A revised encoder/decoder may be provided to accommodate for the encoding and decoding of a signal processed according to the present invention. Proximity of the user to the microphone may also affect an audio input signal. For example, if the user leans toward the microphone, the wavelength of audio input changes. Thus, in further embodiments, the invention incorporates a filter that dynamically changes to adjust to the proximity of the user to the microphone. Moreover, computing device noise changes over the life of the device due to wear and tear. For example, as fan bearings wear out, the sound of the fan changes. In consideration of this fact, the invention contemplates the use of an adaptive filter, which adjusts for changes in computing device noise over the life of the computing device to maintain optimum voice input. A non-adaptive filter can correct for noise as established at time of manufacture of a computing device, but would not adapt as the noise characteristics of the device changed over time. In a further embodiment, a pre-determined set of hardware and other physical components, such as the type of housing, of a computing device can be assigned a noise globally unique identifier (GUID) based upon the noise profile of the pre-determined set such that filtering for a device can take place based upon the noise profile associated with the noise GUID of the device. This can be combined the adaptive filtering as well, by providing a good "starting point" for the adaptive filter. The invention can be applied to enumerable sound input applications, from speech to text applications, VOIP applications, RTC applications, humming music to search for similar music, speech activated applications, and any other products and services that depend on accurate processing of audio input. There are multiple ways of implementing the present invention, e.g., an appropriate API, tool kit, driver code, operating system, control, standalone or downloadable software object, etc. which enables applications and services to use the signal to noise ratio improvement methods of the invention. The invention contemplates the use of the invention from the standpoint of an API (or other software object), as well as from a software or hardware object that generates a signal that would benefit from the signal to noise ratio improvements techniques of the invention. Thus, various implementations of the invention described herein may have aspects that are wholly in hardware, partly in hardware and partly in software, as well as in software. As mentioned above, while exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been described in connection with various computing devices and network architectures, the underlying concepts may be applied to any computing device or system in which it is desirable to reduce the signal to noise ratio with respect to a signal. Thus, techniques for encoding/decoding data in accordance with the present invention may be applied to a variety of applications and devices. For instance, the algorithm(s) and hardware implementations of the invention may be applied to the operating system of a computing device, provided as a separate object on the device, as part of another object, as a reusable control, as a downloadable object from a server, as a "middle man" between a device or object and the network, as a distributed object, as hardware, in memory, a combination of any of the foregoing, etc. While exemplary programming languages, names and examples are chosen herein as representative of various choices, these languages, names and examples are not intended to be limiting. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous ways of providing object code and nomenclature that achieves the same, similar or equivalent functionality achieved by the various embodiments of the invention. As utilized herein, the term "PC noise" refers to noise characteristic(s) of a PC environment, but as was made abundantly clear throughout the description, the invention applies to any computing device having noise characteristic(s) that tend to interfere with the input of an audio signal, or to any environment having similar characteristics, i.e., a relatively small enclosed space for receiving and processing an input audio signal wherein noise associated with the space interferes with the accuracy or resolution of the recorded signal due to predominance of the noise characteristic(s). As mentioned, the various techniques described herein may be implemented in connection with hardware or software or, where appropriate, with a combination of both. Thus, the methods and apparatus of the present invention, or certain aspects or portions thereof, may take the form of program code (i.e., instructions) embodied in tangible media, such as floppy diskettes, CD-ROMs, hard drives, or any other machine-readable storage medium, wherein, when the program code is loaded into and executed by a machine, such as a computer, the machine becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. In the case of program code execution on programmable computers, the computing device will generally include a processor, a storage medium readable by the processor (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device, and at least one output device. One or more programs that may implement or utilize the signal to noise ratio improvement techniques of the present invention, e.g., through the use of a data processing API, reusable controls, or the like, are preferably implemented in a high level procedural or object oriented programming language to communicate with a computer system. However, the program(s) can be implemented in assembly or machine language, if desired. In any case, the language may be a compiled or interpreted language, and combined with hardware implementations. The methods and apparatus of the present invention may also be practiced via communications embodied in the form of program code that is transmitted over some transmission medium, such as over electrical wiring or cabling, through fiber optics, or via any other form of transmission, wherein, when the program code is received and loaded into and executed by a machine, such as an EPROM, a gate array, a programmable logic device (PLD), a client computer, a video recorder or the like, or a receiving machine having the signal processing capabilities as described in exemplary embodiments above becomes an apparatus for practicing the invention. When implemented on a general-purpose processor, the program code combines with the processor to provide a unique apparatus that operates to invoke the functionality of the present invention. Additionally, any storage techniques used in connection with the present invention may invariably be a combination of hardware and software. While the present invention has been described in connection with the preferred embodiments of the various figures, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiment for performing the same function of the present invention without deviating therefrom. For example, while exemplary network environments of the invention are described in the context of a networked environment, such as a peer to peer networked environment, one skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention is not limited thereto, and that the methods, as described in the present application may apply to any computing device or environment, such as a gaming console, handheld computer, portable computer, etc., whether wired or wireless, and may be applied to any number of such computing devices connected via a communications network, and interacting across the network. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that a variety of computer platforms, including handheld device operating systems and other application specific operating systems are contemplated, especially as the number of wireless networked devices continues to proliferate. Still further, the present invention may be implemented in or across a plurality of processing chips or devices, and storage may similarly be effected across a plurality of devices. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather should be construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the appended claims. Patent Citations
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subset: commoncrawl


text:
Team Preview: Rice
The Blue Ribbon College Football Yearbook previews the 2006 Rice Owls, exclusively on Insider.
Todd Graham doesn't have any illusions about the size of the rebuilding job confronting him at Rice.
He knows he's inheriting a program that went 1-10 last season and has enjoyed just five winning seasons in the 40 years since the legendary Jess Neely retired in 1966. He knows he's taking over a program with some of the highest academic standards in Division I-A and with perhaps the toughest nonconference schedule of any team in college football.
"I'm not saying it's going to be easy," Graham said. "It's a very difficult job. I didn't come here without looking very closely at the program. We believe we can win. We do have a plan. We're going to get it done."
Graham, 41, speaks from experience when it comes to rebuilding a downtrodden program. As an assistant to Rich Rodriguez at West Virginia, Graham helped turn a 3-8 loser into a 9-3 winner in his second season. At Tulsa, he was the defensive coordinator for a team that was 1-11 in 2002 before his arrival, 8-4 in 2003 and Conference USA champions in 2005.
Rice administrators hope Graham can work the same magic as a head coach that he did as a top defensive assistant. He replaces the respected Ken Hatfield, who actually had a pretty good run at Rice -- three of those five winning seasons since Neely left were his -- but he leaves behind a program that was on decline since a surprising eight-win season in 2001.
Graham hit the ground running when he arrived in Houston, selling the program to long-discouraged fans, overseeing a $5 million renovation of aging Rice Stadium and hauling in a recruiting class that was ranked one of the best in Conference USA.
It's all part of what he calls "Renaissance Rice."
"We've got a great tradition," he said, reaching back to the days when Neely's Owls were a power in the Southwest Conference. "When a program's been down, you need a jolt of energy. I think we've got people excited again."
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- The Education Of Kyle Allen
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Jennings »
- Betting: Best 2015 CFB Playoff bets
- Katz: Teams that will surprise in 2015
- Haney: TCU among 2015 favorites
- National links: Reshuffling the top four


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My husband, Josh, and I have been married for almost two years! We just recently moved back to Baltimore from Roanoke, VA. We love surprises, cities, going out to dinner, and watching movies! We both have a heart for urban ministry and high school kids. Josh works for a ministry called Young Life and is currently the Area Director in Baltimore. I am a kindergarten teacher at Calvert School. We love spending time with our families and friends!
We would be very fun and exciting guests to have around :) We would be so thankful to have a place to stay and we would be very respectful!


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One day when religion dies out, we will miss these lunatic ramblings.
Jesus spoke in parables all the time. The fig tree is the person that does not bear fruits of righteous and he will be judge on Judgement Day, When the principalities and powers of the air will be judge along with all mortals they have misguided. These principalities masquerade as false gods, aliens, UFOs, the spirits of dead people, hauntings,speaking in tongues, Pentacostal/Charismatic phenomena, and Mary Apparitions.
Where does the Bible explain this, Michael?
There are many similar parables where Jesus give the explanation to the disciples. Trees are often used to represent people. the misguiding principaliities are spoken about in the epistles.
Satan is able to transform himself into an Angel of Light.
At some point in everyone life they will experience a strange and bizarre phenomenon that they will keep to themselves, so that people won't think they are crazy. But those that come forward are drowned out by the prankters on the internet and in the media.
Well that was random.
Michael, you are a strange and bizarre phenomenon. You must be my experience. Cool!
Church people are misguided as well. An Atheist does well by not likewise being deceived.
If they are not raising the dead, healing sick and the lepers, they are not of Jesus.
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text:
Claim to fame
Luminous Broadway musical favorite Kelli O'Hara is a four-time Tony nominee for The Light in the Piazza, The Pajama Game, South Pacific and Nice Work if You Can Get It, opposite Matthew Broderick. Her other Broadway credits include Jekyll & Hyde, the 2001 revival of Follies, Sweet Smell of Success and Dracula, the Musical. O'Hara made her Shakespeare debut in King Lear at the Public Theater in 2011.
Latest Broadway Buzz
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The Bridges of Madison County Tony Nominee Kelli O'Hara Wanted to Do WHAT with Matt Morrison?!
Watch Bridges star Kelli O'Hara reveal which fellow nominee she'd love to swap roles with and see her get worked up over a Broadway heartthrob.


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Ms. Rebecca Jean Roop of Senatobia, is proud to announce the engagement and forthcoming marriage of her daughter Victoria Joy Head to Nicholas Eugene Bobo, son of Mr. and Mrs. Richard Van Watson of Crenshaw and the late Eugene Murtagh Bobo of Dundee.
The bride-to-be is the granddaughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Henry Roop of Senatobia.
Latest News
County claims as of Feb. 2, 2015 The claims docket approved...
Board cuts monthly expenses by $120,000 per month County administrator...
A Whole New World Tunica Academy students...
Fire departments, co. utility in cash crunch Budget and cash flow...
Old Man Winter takes residence in Tunica Area schools took a snow...
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Almost exactly twenty years after her auspicious Metropolitan Opera debut as the Fiakermilli in Arabella and a year following what she has claims was her final appearance on the operatic stage, Natalie Dessay returned Sunday afternoon to Lincoln Center—to sing opera. Read more »
Walking away from Theatre Châtelet this afternoon, I felt as though my relationship with France and its notoriously perplexing people and culture had at long last reached some degree of depth. Three weeks into my four-month stint studying at L'Institut d'études politiques de Paris for my Masters in International Affairs, I seem to have found the heart beating within this city besieged by tourists and high prices. Read more »
"Le Concert de Paris" featuring Natalie Dessay, Anna Netrebko, Olga Peretyatko, Elina Garanca, Piotr Beczala, Lawrence Brownlee and Laurent Naouri, with the Orchestre National de France sous la direction de Daniele Gatti. Watch it!
Midway through the first portion of this past Wednesday's New York City recital debut of Mme. Natalie Dessay I became very distracted by the persistent urge to try to characterize the experience of what was happening on stage, for this was, by no means, an ordinary recital and no ordinary debutante.
The crossover album: a hint that that an artist has either exhausted all the repertory at her command and owes her record label a new release or that her waning vocal resources really shouldn't be taxed much further than an octave.
"American tenor Matthew Polenzani sings the title role opposite Natalie Dessay as Antonia, Christian Van Horn as the four villains, Angela Brower as Nicklausse, Hye Jung Lee as Olympia, Irene Roberts as Giulietta and Jacqueline Piccolino as Stella."
The reinvention of Verdi's masterpiece, La Traviata, as sung by world-famous French coloratura soprano Natalie Dessay, is the subject of Philippe Béziat's thrilling new movie.
Always front and center with a vote of confidence, Peter Gelb told the New York Times, "Natalie is one of the great artists, but she also is somewhat fragile."
"Danielle de Niese will sing the role of Cleopatra in this evening's performance of Handel's Giulio Cesare, replacing Natalie Dessay, who is ill."


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Movies About Online Dating
You've Got Online Dating Lessons
According to Match.com, it's the busiest weekend of the year for online dating, culminating at exactly 8:57 pm ET on Sunday, Jan. 5. Will you be jumping into the online dating pool?
Whether you're on eHarmony, Match.com, and OKCupid all at once or you could never put a profile out there, one thing is for sure: online dating is here to stay. Meeting people on the Internet is so ingrained in our culture, we can barely remember a time before chat rooms. And it's not just for young people hoping to have a little fun. A recent study found that more than a third of new marriages in the United States began online. So it's no surprise that there are a variety of onscreen examples of online dating (some more accurate than others). Each of these movies about finding love on the web offers a specific message we can take away. So whether you're a fan of online dating or the whole thing creeps you out, here are 10 films that explore modern courtship.
— Additional reporting by Tara Block
- Tips and tricks for reclaiming passion in a long marriage — HuffPost Women
- The new and improved Tinder is finally here — College Candy
- 10 invaluable sex lessons to learn in your 20s — AskMen
- There's nothing wrong with your sex drive — Dear Wendy
- Essential BDSM tips for beginners — The Frisky
- Turn a Spring break fling into more with this step-by-step guide — Her Campus
- Why this woman stopped wearing a bra for an entire year — xoJane
- Add this to your smoothie for better sex — POPSUGAR Fitness


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Vancouver - Mestni vodiči
1 Urban Walks for Vancouver Tourists 38 glasovi 2566 zadetki
Self-guided urban walking tours in Vancouver. Provides maps, photos, directions and tourist resources. -
2 Welcome to Gastown 4 glasovi 2341 zadetki
Includes information on hotels, shopping, history, architecture, native art, antiques, dining, sight seeing, and pubs. -
3 VancouverSightseeingTours.com 4 glasovi 2433 zadetki
Professionally guided sightseeing tours of Vancouver, Canada. -
4 Greater Vancouver Convention and Visitors Bureau 4 glasovi 1998 zadetki
Travel and meeting planning information. -
5 Greater Vancouver Parks 1 glasovi 985 zadetki
Over 3300 images covering more than 65 parks, gardens & feature areas/events in Greater Vancouver & the Fraser Valley. -
6 Bootsnall.com Vancouver 1 glasovi 1557 zadetki
Several articles about the city aimed at the independent traveller. -
7 Explore the City: Vancouver 1 glasovi 1000 zadetki
Vancouver Tourism Guide -
8 Discover Whistler 1 glasovi 1579 zadetki
Travel directory to Whistler, British Columbia. -
9 West Coast Golf Shuttle 4 glasovi 1986 zadetki
Offers daily scheduled golf packages departing from various hotels. Includes list of hotels and courses, rates, and booking information. -
10 Vancouver Info Center - Vancouver's City Guide 1 glasovi 668 zadetki
VancouverInfoCenter.com is proud to offer visitors and Vancouver residents information about Vancouver accomodations, attractions, exhibitions and shows, museums, restaurants, upcoming special events plus much, much more! -
11 Vancouver, Coast and Mountains Tourism Region 2 glasovi 1387 zadetki
Provides links, each of which gives comprehensive regional information for tourists, media, Association members and to the professional travel industry. -
12 In Vancouver 2 glasovi 1273 zadetki
Tourism information and maps, tour operator regional guides, and tourism by type. -
13 Location Vancouver 6 glasovi 1236 zadetki
Scout the best locations and venues in Vancouver for shooting movies, TV, and commercials. -
14 Galleon Boat Charters 3 glasovi 1275 zadetki
Offers charters of cruise yachts. Includes detailed descriptions and pictures of yachts, destination profiles, booking information, rates, photo gallery, and contact information. -
15 Vancouver Sightseeing 3 glasovi 1332 zadetki
Offers tours of Vancouver and surrounding areas year round for individuals and groups. -
16 Links for Vancouver, BC 1 glasovi 953 zadetki
Links to local tourist attractions, dining, hotels, movies, lottery links. -
17 Vancouver Resources 2 glasovi 967 zadetki
Cultural, geographic and historical resources for Vancouver. Includes links to National parks with maps. -
18 Bayside Yacht Charters 1 glasovi 913 zadetki
Cruise Vancouvers inner harbour and surrounding areas. Cruise packages and menus available.


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Infinera, Compuware: Volume Movers
BOSTON ( TheStreet) -- Infinera (INFN - Get Report) was one of several stocks trading near $5 poised to move on above-average volume Friday after the optical networking systems company surprised analysts with a second-quarter.
Infinera said late Thursday it had a second-quarter adjusted profit of 3 cents a share on revenue of $111.4 million, compared to the Thomson Reuters average estimate for a loss of 5 cents a share on revenue of $99.5 million
Shares of Infinera jumped by 49 cents, or 7%, to $7.48 in Thursday's late trading session. The average daily share volume for Infinera is 856,000.
Elsewhere, Alliance Fiber Optic Products (AFOP - Get Report) climbed by 7 cents, or 4.5%, to $1.62 in Thursday's after-market session after the company said it had second-quarter earnings of 4 cents a share on $12.1 million, compared to a single analyst's estimate for earnings of 2 cents a share on revenue of $10 million. The average daily share volume for Alliance Fiber Optic is 69,000.
On the downside, Compuware (CPWR) shares dropped by $1.04, or 12.2%, to $7.51 late Thursday after the software company said it had first-quarter revenue of $206.5 million, below the consensus target of $219.2 million. Compuware said it had a second-quarter profit of 6 cents a share, matching Wall Street's forecast. The average daily share volume for Compuware is 2.5 million. Synovus Financial (SNV - Get Report) fell by 13 cents, or 5.4%, to $2.29 in the premarket session after the company reported a second-quarter loss of 36 cents a share, compared to the Thomson Reuters estimate for a loss of only 6 cents a share. FBR Capital Markets analyst Paul Miller reiterated his "market perform" rating on Synovus shares but lowered his price target to $2.50 from $3, noting that "credit trends were mixed and Synovus delayed expectations of profitability due to macroeconomic factors." The average daily share volume for Synovus is 17.1 million. Lattice Semiconductor (LSCC - Get Report) shares gave back 9 cents, or 1.6%, to $5.49 late Thursday even after the chipmaker said it had a profit of 14 cents a share on revenue of $77.1 million, which exceeded the Street's consensus target for a profit of 12 cents a share on revenue of $76.1 million. In addition, Lattice said it expects third-quarter revenue growth of up to 5%, which would top the Thomson Reuters average estimate for third-quarter revenue of $75.2 million. The average daily share volume for Lattice is 2.21 million. -- Written by Robert Holmes in Boston. Check out all of today's high-volume, under-$5 stocks at the Dollar Store. View the Dollar Store portfolio on StockPickr. Follow Robert Holmes on Twitter and become a fan of TheStreet.com on Facebook.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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text:
Parmenides of Elea 5BCE
Parmenides in fragments of a poem he wrote describes two views of reality. The Way of Truth and the Way of Appearances.
He says, "For thought and being are the same."
Descartes averred, "Cogito ergo sum." Moving in the world of appearance made being an effect caused by thinking, by adding ergo or 'therefore' to his formula.
To be aligned with Parmenides, Cogito sum or "I think, I am", is the proper formula.
Fichte complained, "It is easier to convince someone that they are a piece of moon lava, than it is to help them realize that they are an autonomous I."
For knowledge of self is not a piece of impersonal knowledge, but the knowledge that has one who is certain of one's own awareness of one's own self. It is a most certain knowledge, about which no one can say, perhaps you are sleeping and do not know it.
The River Lethe is the river of forgetting. The Greek word for Truth is from alethe, without forgetting. Truth is unforgettable. Augustine formulated, Deus Veritas or "God is Truth". Not as dead fact but living and real.
This knowledge that has us as an individual is independent of any knowledge we have as rational beings. The ancients ones and the modern ones alike have had the potential regardless of their knowledge of themselves as creatures of nature or Nature itself.
Our knowledge of nature is always problematic and fraught with errors. What certain knowledge can we have of a Nature that is conditioned through and through; an endless chain of causes and effects?
What is the unconditional of human knowledge? Comes down to what can I know for sure? Or even more proper, "Is there any knowledge I have that has me, no matter what?"
So the philosopher asks you to reflect. What do you mean when you say "I". Is there a real distinction when you say, "I am" and "I have". Each moment brings the challenge to separate, in thought, what is true and what is held.
It is a matter of reflection. To see one's own self, not as one who is missing, but as the one who is seeking.
As soon as one's autonomy is born, in trots the intellect to share in that good with a thousand questions and descriptions and explanations, that at best can only challenge others, to set aside their rationalizations to seek wisdom and establish freedom.
The intellect can only produce paradox. Can the intellect calm itself and embrace the mystery that has one and leaves one free.
To grasp that knowledge and recognize the autonomy born of that knowledge begins a journey of liberty for others. So I call you friend and leave you free. That you may for yourself find the joy of the great mystery that leaves all {unalienably) free.
As an aside, God is pure, living, free act, not a dead fact. Free even to be or not to be. Or as Moses reported, "I shall be who I shall prove to be." So men can truly say, we are made as a likeness of God.
So I leave you free, I call you friend.
Thank you for your thoughtful post.
Free includes debt-free!
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HD - ManRoyale New fuck toy is tested by the delivery guy
Testing out the new help - ROBERT HILL
Frat newbies tested - CUSTOM BOYS
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This book was shared by damian64 on misc category
DownloadManual Testing Concepts
Daniels and Worthingham\'s Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination, 8e (Daniel\'s & Worthington\'s Muscle Testing (Hislop))
- Auhtor Jacqueline Montgomery MA PT
- Category: Medicine
- Format:
The classic muscle testing text now with a companion DVD featuring video of manual muscle tests in a clinical setting.\r\n Daniels and Worthingham\'s Muscle Testing: Techniques of Manual Examination, 8th Edition is the original handbook of manual evaluation of muscular strength. In addition to offering traditional methods for assessing and grading skeletal muscle function, the book provides a comprehensive section on muscle anatomy and innervatio
DownloadPulmonary Function Testing and Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing (PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTING & CARDIOPULM STRESS TESTING)
- Auhtor Vincent C. Madama
- Category: Medicine
- Format:
Pulmonary Function Testing and Cardiopulmonary Stress Testing (PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTING & CARDIOPULM STRESS TESTING) Vincent C. Madama is available to download Product Description: An up-to-date text on the subject based on the latest guidelines from the American Thoracic Society and the American Association of Respiratory Care.This material is available do download at niSearch.com on Vincent C. Madama's eBooks
DownloadAn Excellent Compilation of Software Testing Concepts (Manual Testing) By Narsi Reddy Published by www.softwaretestinggenius.com
Read OnlineMANUAL TESTING &QUALITY CONCEPTS QA&QC Testing Introduction Verification & Validation Software development life cycle Quality standards Testing Types
Read Online1 Paper 141-30 Software Testing Fundamentals—Concepts, Roles, and Terminology John E. Bentley, Wachovia Bank, Charlotte NC ABSTRACT SAS® software provides a complete set of application development tools for building stand-alone, client-server, and
Read OnlineSoftware Testing Concepts Factors Affecting Testing Efficiency and Software Quality Jussi Kasurinen, ... (vs. manual testing) 90% 0% 10% Amount of Agile development (vs. plan-driven projects) 100% 0% 30% Amount of testers per the actual need
Read OnlineSoftware Testing Concepts and Tools Presented by Lars Yde, M.Sc., at "Selected Topics in Software Development", DIKU spring semester 2008 . The what's and wherefore's ... Acceptance testing −Manual (e.g. GUI), automated (e.g. Formal ver.)
Read OnlinePage 1 SOFTWARE TESTING CONCEPTS Software Quality: - Software should i. Meet Customer requirements ii. Meet Customer expectations "QUALITY" iii.
Read OnlineTesting as you go will increase your development time, but reduce debugging time. ... Test The Manual
Read OnlineBasic Testing Concepts and Terminology Juha Itkonen SoberIT. Juha Itkonen, 2005 2 HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SoberIT/HUT Contents ... Non-scripted (exploratory) testing is usually manual testing without detailed test case descriptions
Read OnlineManual Testing: ¾ Identifying the scope. ¾ Identifying the functionality. ... • Concepts of Test Scripting Language and VBScript. • Record/Play. • Custom Functions. Parameterization. Identifying checkpoints. Data-driven Testing.
Read OnlineModule 11: Concepts of what is ETL and Data warehouse Testing ... Manual Testing, Automation Testing and Performance Testing. Validation vs Verification Few more types of testing types will be discussed based on the topics we discuss in this
Read Online


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You're leaving Wedding Paper Divas to see the Deal of the Day at our parent site, Tiny Prints.
You won't be able to dismiss this by usual means (escape or click button), but you can close it programatically based on user choices or actions.
"Love love love my save the dates!!! Delivery was quick and they were even more beautiful in person. I have received so many compliments from my guests immediately after sending them out. Could not be happier!!"
"I was able to add our website considering we are having a destination wedding. I loved the design of being able to put the picture when he proposed as the background The quality was better than I thought it would be I ordered them on Monday and by sat were right at my doorstep. Very pleased with this product!"
"I used a black and white engagement picture which looked awesome with the bold white block lettering. My order arrived super quickly...I ordered 150 cards on a Tuesday, got an email saying my order was ready to ship on Wednesday, and received the cards Friday! The paper is much thicker than I expected, like a really thick card stock. I have gotten a lot of compliments! I definitely recommend! :)"
"This card was above and beyond my expectations. The print, the paper quality, the customer service was superb! We added a personalized photo and saying. It was a little long for the example, but I worked with an amazing customer service representative named McKensie. She was awesome and without her these save the dates would not have been so wonderful and personalized to our wedding."
"I had looked at a few websites and l really liked the format of this card with our engagement photos (because the words didn't cover either of our faces) and the text was very easy to personalize. They came in the mail the next week and we have already gotten compliments on how cute they are."


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Sys::HostIP - Try extra hard to get IP address related info
Sys::HostIP does what it can to determine the ip address of your machine. All 3 methods work fine on every system that I've been able to test on. (Irix, OpenBSD, FreeBSD, NetBSD, Solaris, Linux, OSX, Win32, Cygwin). It does this by parsing ifconfig(8...
XSAWYERX/Sys-HostIP-1.97 (2 reviews) - 03 Feb 2013 19:16:11 GMT - Search in distribution
Sys::UniqueID - Get a guaranteed unique identifier.
FIVE/Sys-UniqueID-1.0 - 07 Jun 2000 16:58:28 GMT - Search in distribution
FIVE/Sys-UniqueID-1.0 - 07 Jun 2000 16:58:28 GMT - Search in distribution
Sys::Info - Fetch information from the host system
2 ++
This document describes version 0.78 of "Sys::Info" released on "17 April 2011". Extracts and collects information from the host system. METHODS new Constructor. os Creates and returns an instance of a Sys::Info::OS object. See Sys::Info::OS for avai...
BURAK/Sys-Info-0.78 - 17 Apr 2011 13:49:56 GMT - Search in distribution


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I have been reading all the threads on tap water and was wondering if someone could look at my loacal water report and tell me if the tap water is ok to use for ag, or if I need to add anything. I just dont really understand how, what and when to add things to tap water. I usually use spring or distilled water but am tired of lugging around all that water... here is the link...http://www.normal.org/DocumentView.aspx?DID=934...Any info would be great and thanks in advance.
there is a brew science sub forum and your question might get answered (quicker) there. there also are some "stickies" worth a look too.


text: Lead & Gold Review: Fool's Gold 1Luke Plunkett and 100 others EditDelete InviteInvite manuallyPromoteXDismissXUndismissBlock for KotakuHide Do Team Fortress 2, only set it in the Wild West. Looks simple on paper, but is it really that easy to copy Valve's successful formula for multiplayer shooters? » 4/28/10 4:40pm 4/28/10 4:40pm


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Ultimately, the perfect ending to the festival season.
Upcoming Festival Appearances
New Orleans, Louisiana (Various Venues)
Mar 13 - Mar 14 2015
Updated 4 weeks ago
Treasure Island 2014: Top 10 Sets + Photos
on October 21, 2014, 10:00am
FYF Fest 2014: From Worst to Best
Forget the whining. There was plenty to like about FYF 2014.
on August 26, 2014, 9:15am
HARD Summer 2013 lineup revealed
Justice, Empire of the Sun, Crystal Castles, Disclosure, TNGHT, and more.
by CoS Staff
on April 23, 2013, 12:54pm


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A swimmingly charming tale
If you're looking for a quick but entertaining read, then check out "The Mermaid's Sister" which will be released on Mar. 1, 2015. The book was named Amazon.com's 2014 Breakthrough Novel Award in the Young Adult Fiction category and is written by Williamsport resident, Carrie Anne Noble. I was able to read it prior to the release date thanks to Kindle First and never regretted picking it up.
Sign of the Month: Pisces
Those born under Pisces are known for their compassion and sensitivity. When a friend is in need, Pisces are the first to offer help and often come up with creative solutions to the problem at hand. Even when not outright told there is an issue
This week in news
ESPN has suspended Keith Olbermann after he replies to a tweet from a Penn State Alum with "…Pitiful." After Penn State graduate tweeted at Olbermann "We Are!" with a link to THON, the dance marathon fundraiser hosted by Penn State. Olbermann replied "…Pitiful."
Another March Madness
The first time I pushed my mom in her wheelchair in public was about six years ago. We had to take my sister to Harrisburg International Airport at 3 o'clock in the morning and Mom was not up to relying on her cane to keep her upright. 11 years ago, after years of monthly trips to Johns Hopkins Hospital and a final nail-in-the-coffin ordeal fighting through some pretty traumatic medical negligence, my mom was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis, or MS.
Wrestling rolls over Grand Canyon
The Lock Haven University wrestling team (7-12) finished its regular season by dominating in senior night against Grand Canyon University (1-13) at the Thomas Fieldhouse. Before the match, the team honored its three seniors, including Ty Albright, Elias Biddle and Fred Garcia. Jake Field, No. 33 Ronnie Perry and Bobby Rehm started the night with all three wrestlers receiving forfeits
More Articles
The Vault: Why you should listen to Guns N' Roses
Within the dark recesses of the vault behind the excellence that is Hard Rock is the amazing band with a controversial lead singer, the band that has an 'Appetite for Destruction.' The band that is known as Guns N' Roses! Guns N' Roses formed around the mid-eighties in Los Angeles. William 'Axl' Rose, the band's lead singer, was the founder of the band.
New easier treatments for diabetic sufferers
The day to day routine for someone dealing with diabetes is anything but "routine". The constant checking and rechecking of blood sugar levels and then finger prick after finger prick. It can feel like a ton of guess work for those that have to deal with this illness. Thanks to dedicated medical professionals and scientists, there may be help on the way soon for people living with type 1 diabetes.
MBB holds off Millersville
The Lock Haven University men's basketball team defeated Millersville 78-71 on Saturday at Thomas Fieldhouse. Wali Hepburn scored 25 points, had eight rebounds and five assists for the Bald Eagles (8-15, 8-11 PSAC) en-route to the victory. That was Hepburn's sixth game this season with 25 points or more.
WBB tops Millersville
The Lock Haven University women's basketball team pulled away late from Millersville Saturday at Thomas Fieldhouse. Rachael McDaniel scored 11 points to lead the Bald Eagles (9-14, 8-11 PSAC) to a 63-59 win. Lock Haven has won two in a row.
Only one will win the golden man
It's that time of year again where the best films of the year have been selected by the academy. The 87th Academy Award will announce the Best Picture of the year – these films range from comedy to drama and action – a great representation of cinema. Check out these six films and decide for yourself which film deserves the Best Picture of the year award.
Club of the week: University players
University players is a club based in the theatre. Each semester the club puts on a Main stage Show and a Studio Show. Fundraisers like the courtyard show are held. The student directed Cabaret and student directed Cabaret are also held each year.
New ice cream flavor sure to wow audiences
Ben and Jerry's announced a new flavor this week. The new flavor will be a combination of chocolate and caramel ice creams mixed together with pieces of chocolate chip cookie dough and peanut butter cookie dough and a crunchy chocolate cookie swirl.
50 shades of excitement or abuse?
With the Fifty Shades of Grey release this past Friday, women everywhere have been in a daze over the main character, Christian Grey. On July 24, 2014 the official movie trailer was released and the excitement has been mounting ever since. With it's release on Valentine's Day weekend, there is no surprise that this film raked in $94.4 million, beating out the previous record of Valentine's Day.
The Vault: The 'Tortoise and the Hare' meets space and guns
Within the dark recesses of the vault, behind all of the games that turned the personal computer into a gaming counsel, is the science fiction game called "Jazz Jackrabbit". Released in 1994 by Epic MegaGames, this game was the PC's response to the "Sonic the Hedgehog" games. It takes the classic tale of "The Tortoise and the Hare", and puts a scientific spin on it.
Club of the week: Investment Club
Each member manages a simulated $100,000 portfolio and compete with the other members to see who can get the largest return by the end of the semester. A simulated $100,000 portfolio is also managed as a group through diversified stocks. The club meets every other week with their economic advisor


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I swam 2 km tonight. According to my watch I was slower than last night, but overall swam twice as much and rested less.
About an hour before swimming my blood sugar was 11.7 (211) so I took a 50% correction bolus. Right before swimming I was 9.5 (171). Swimming took me about an hour, and near the very end I started feeling low. I don't usually feel lows when I exercise until I am really low, and sure enough I tested at 2.2 (40). I ate three glucose tablets. I didn't want to try doing a bolus when I was that low, so didn't.
I messed up on timing the bus schedule so had to wait half an hour for the bus. An hour after swimming I was 4.4 (79) and bolused for dinner. No idea what I'll be after dinner, really. I'm glad I didn't take any bolus after swimming!
Sounds like you had a really good swim. Keep up the good work.
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Struggling Ten to get relief on licence fee
PUBLISHED: 29 Nov 2012 00:05:36 | UPDATED: 29 Nov 2012 10:31:44PUBLISHED: 29 Nov 2012 PRINT EDITION: 29 Nov 2012The Gillard government is close to announcing an extension of the commercial television licence fee rebate in a move that will come as a relief to the embattled Ten Network.
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Companies | Seven West Media Ltd, Ten Network Holdings |
People | Stephen Conroy, James Warburton, Don Voelte |
Topics | Media & Marketing |


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PlantFiles: Azalea
Rhododendron 'Cannon's Double'
Family: Ericaceae (er-ek-AY-see-ee) (Info) Genus: Rhododendron (roh-do-DEN-dron) (Info) Cultivar: Cannon's Double Additional cultivar information: (Exbury hybrid) Hybridized by Lionel de Rothschild, Exbury, Southampton, UK » View all varieties of Azaleas and Rhododendrons 6 members have or want this plant for trade. Category: Category: Spacing: Hardiness: Sun Exposure: Danger: Bloom Color: Bloom Time: Foliage: Other details: Patent Information: Seed Collecting: | Click thumbnail to view: By Todd_Boland By Todd_Boland By kniphofia |
No details have been posted.
This plant has been said to grow in the following regions:
Jacksonville, Florida
Plainfield, Indiana
Wynnewood, Pennsylvania
Butte Des Morts, Wisconsin


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What does WPHT stand for?
What does WPHT mean? This page is about the various possible meanings of the acronym, abbreviation, shorthand or slang term: WPHT.
We've found a total of 1 definition for WPHT:
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WPHT | AM-1210, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania |
Still can't find the acronym definition you were looking for? Use our Power Search technology to look for more unique definitions from across the web!
"WPHT." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 27 Feb. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/WPHT>.


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Artist: Nina Simone
Album: Miscellaneous
Genre: Jazz
Young, gifted and black
Oh what a lovely precious dream
To be young, gifted and black
Open your heart to what I mean
In the whole world you know
There was a billion boys and girls
Who are young, gifted and black
And that's a fact!
You are young, gifted and black
We must begin to tell our young
There's a world waiting for you
Your's is the quest that's just begun
When you feel really low
Yeah, there's a great truth that you should know
When you're young, gifted and black
Your soul's intact
To be young, gifted and black
Oh how I long to know the truth
There are times when I look back
And I am haunted by my youth
Oh but my joy of today
Is that we can all be proud to say
To be young, gifted and black
Is where it's at
Is where it's at
Is where it's at
Writer(s): Bill Withers
Copyright: Interior Music Corp.
Lyrics powered by www.musiXmatch.com
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Mobile Tools
When receiving zipped files on your iOS device, users who jailbreak their devices will use iFile to open the files within. Not only can it unzip files, but you can view files on iFile too. But, if you are one of the few who didn't jailbreak your device and want … Continue reading »
Gadgets Tools
Cloud storage is, shall we say, the current way to store all our files for easy access on multiple devices. It is however, not without its list of pitfalls. While cloud storage is a great concept, we have limited free space and have to pay for extra (yet rented, not … Continue reading »
Many Android users like to customize their home screen to the fullest, decorating them according to their own taste or style. Last week we presented you with our compilations of minimalistic clock and calendar widgets to spice up your home screen, but we are not stopping there, this week, we … Continue reading »
We have devices that can help us to monitor our health, daily paces, calorie intake etc, and allowing us easy access to the information anywhere, anytime. Now, don't you wish that there is something similar to this concept but for your car? It can help you to monitor your car … Continue reading »
Desktop Tools
We do almost everything with our smartphones and tablets now including swap multimedia files with friends. However, as most of us would subsequently be annoyed to find out, different devices require different formats of the same file to be able to play it properly. Whether it is a video, music … Continue reading »
Here are 24 inspirational quotes by famous authors and inspiring leaders conveniently made available in wallpaper format. Because when you feel like giving up or letting go, nothing pushes you forward than the pearls of wisdom of people who have been there, done that and nailed it. Have fun doing what you love!
Social Media Web 2.0
How many hours a day do you spend on your social media accounts? Do you use it a lot to market your wares, services, sites, tools or yourself? Whether you own a large online business or a small booming startup, we're sure you are actively using social media to give … Continue reading »
The advice to always backup, backup, backup maybe lost on some poor souls who prefer to learn it the hard way. But even then, backups can only work if you do it regularly. Ironically, it's not something one can fall back on during an emergency, e.g. when you deleted an … Continue reading »
We all need breaks from work once in a while to take the stress off our shoulders, and what better way to relax than to read a few funny tweets. If you are an avid follower of a tweeting good time, you really should follow these 20 accounts. Be advised, … Continue reading »
Widgets are an iconic feature of the Android operating system. They can be use to dress up your stock Android device home screen turning your device unique and personalized for your use. Not only are they functional, most of the widgets you can find nowadays look pretty awesome. Whether you … Continue reading »
How-To Guides
Recently Instagram has a new feature which allow user to share a 15-second video instead of only pictures. It's like a mini-version of Youtube (and is an apparent stab at Vine). Rivalry aside, if you have the habit of downloading videos online, know that you can also download videos from … Continue reading »
Gadgets Web 2.0
Apple released a new version of their MacBook Air during their WWDC early June 2013 which will start at a price of $999, but did you know you could get it for as low as $930? But it will depend on where you are staying. We asked the question of … Continue reading »
Metal can be easily seen everywhere sometimes in designs on the Web too. We are reminded of the many mix of metal textures ranging from stainless steel and high-grade titanium surfaces to man-hole covers and rusted bars. And this post will help capture the version of your desire, in a … Continue reading »
Social Media Tools
The calendar app in smartphones signifies the death of the planner. To seal the deal, you can now sync your events and schedules between desktop and mobile device, keeping the data readily available anywhere. The only problem is assembling all of your events into a single form for easy digestion. … Continue reading »


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Butterfly Twinkle Lollipops
As cute as they are tasty, these little butterfly pops are flavored in cherry, strawberry vanilla, banana, apple, grape, pineapple and orange. Includes 40 pops in seven colors. More
Special Discount of 10% for Find Gift shoppers! Enter Coupon Code "findgift" at checkout.$16.95 | MORE DETAIL |
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