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End (graph theory)
In the mathematics of infinite graphs, an end of a graph represents, intuitively, a direction in which the graph extends to infinity. Ends may be formalized mathematically as equivalence classes of infinite paths, as havens describing strategies for pursuit-evasion games on the graph, or (in the case of locally finite graphs) as topological ends of topological spaces associated with the graph.
Ends of graphs may be used (via Cayley graphs) to define ends of finitely generated groups. Finitely generated infinite groups have one, two, or infinitely many ends, and the Stallings theorem about ends of groups provides a decomposition for groups with more than one end.
Definition and characterization[edit]
Ends of graphs were defined by Rudolf Halin (1964) in terms of equivalence classes of infinite paths.[1] A ray in an infinite graph is a semi-infinite simple path; that is, it is an infinite sequence of vertices v0, v1, v2, ... in which each vertex appears at most once in the sequence and each two consecutive vertices in the sequence are the two endpoints of an edge in the graph. According to Halin's definition, two rays r0 and r1 are equivalent if there is another ray r2 (not necessarily different from either of the first two rays) that contains infinitely many of the vertices in each of r0 and r1. This is an equivalence relation: each ray is equivalent to itself, the definition is symmetric with regard to the ordering of the two rays, and it can be shown to be transitive. Therefore, it partitions the set of all rays into equivalence classes, and Halin defined an end as one of these equivalence classes.
An alternative definition of the same equivalence relation has also been used:[2] two rays r0 and r1 are equivalent if there is no finite set X of vertices that separates infinitely many vertices of r0 from infinitely many vertices of r1. This is equivalent to Halin's definition: if the ray r2 from Halin's definition exists, then any separator must contain infinitely many points of r2 and therefore cannot be finite, and conversely if r2 does not exist then a path that alternates as many times as possible between r0 and r1 must form the desired finite separator.
Ends also have a more concrete characterization in terms of havens, functions that describe evasion strategies for pursuit-evasion games on a graph G.[3] In the game in question, a robber is trying to evade a set of policemen by moving from vertex to vertex along the edges of G. The police have helicopters and therefore do not need to follow the edges; however the robber can see the police coming and can choose where to move next before the helicopters land. A haven is a function β that maps each set X of police locations to one of the connected components of the subgraph formed by deleting X; a robber can evade the police by moving in each round of the game to a vertex within this component. Havens must satisfy a consistency property (corresponding to the requirement that the robber cannot move through vertices on which police have already landed): if X is a subset of Y, and both X and Y are valid sets of locations for the given set of police, then β(X) must be a superset of β(Y). A haven has order k if the collection of police locations for which it provides an escape strategy includes all subsets of fewer than k vertices in the graph; in particular, it has order ℵ0 if it maps every finite subset X of vertices to a component of G \ X. Every ray in G corresponds to a haven of order ℵ0, namely, the function β that maps every finite set X to the unique component of G \ X that contains infinitely many vertices of the ray. Conversely, every haven of order ℵ0 can be defined in this way by a ray.[4] Two rays are equivalent if and only if they define the same haven, so the ends of a graph are in one to one correspondence with its havens of order ℵ0.
If the infinite graph G is itself a ray, then it has infinitely many ray subgraphs, one starting from each vertex of G. However, all of these rays are equivalent to each other, so G only has one end.
If G is a forest (that is, a graph with no finite cycles), then the intersection of any two rays is either a path or a ray; two rays are equivalent if their intersection is a ray. If a base vertex is chosen in each connected component of G, then each end of G contains a unique ray starting from one of the base vertices, so the ends may be placed in one-to-one correspondence with these canonical rays. Every countable graph G has a spanning forest with the same set of ends as G.[5] However, there exist uncountably infinite graphs with only one end in which every spanning tree has infinitely many ends.[6]
If G is an infinite grid graph, then it has many rays, and arbitrarily large sets of vertex-disjoint rays. However, it has only one end. This may be seen most easily using the characterization of ends in terms of havens: the removal of any finite set of vertices leaves exactly one infinite connected component, so there is only one haven (the one that maps each finite set to the unique infinite connected component).
Relation to topological ends[edit]
In point-set topology, there is a concept of an end that is similar to, but not quite the same as, the concept of an end in graph theory, dating back much earlier to Freudenthal (1931). If a topological space can be covered by a nested sequence of compact sets , then an end of the space is a sequence of components of the complements of the compact sets. This definition does not depend on the choice of the compact sets: the ends defined by one such choice may be placed in one-to-one correspondence with the ends defined by any other choice.
An infinite graph G may be made into a topological space in two different but related ways:
- Replacing each vertex of the graph by a point and each edge of the graph by an open unit interval produces a Hausdorff space from the graph in which a set S is defined to be open whenever each intersection of S with an edge of the graph is an open subset of the unit interval.
- Replacing each vertex of the graph by a point and each edge of the graph by a point produces a non-Hausdorff space in which the open sets are the sets S with the property that, if a vertex v of G belongs to S, then so does every edge having v as one of its endpoints.
In either case, every finite subgraph of G corresponds to a compact subspace of the topological space, and every compact subspace corresponds to a finite subgraph together with, in the Hausdorff case, finitely many compact proper subsets of edges. Thus, a graph may be covered by a nested sequence of compact sets if and only if it is locally finite, having a finite number of edges at every vertex.
If a graph G is connected and locally finite, then it has a compact cover in which the set κi is the set of vertices at distance at most i from some arbitrarily chosen starting vertex. In this case any haven β defines an end of the topological space in which . And conversely, if is an end of the topological space defined from G, it defines a haven in which β(X) is the component containing Ui, where i is any number large enough that κi contains X. Thus, for connected and locally finite graphs, the topological ends are in one-to-one correspondence with the graph-theoretic ends.[7]
For graphs that may not be locally finite, it is still possible to define a topological space from the graph and its ends. This space can be represented as a metric space if and only if the graph has a normal spanning tree, a rooted spanning tree such that each graph edge connects an ancestor-descendant pair. If a normal spanning tree exists, it has the same set of ends as the given graph: each end of the graph must contain exactly one infinite path in the tree.[8]
Special kinds of ends[edit]
Free ends[edit]
An end E of a graph G is defined to be a free end if there is a finite set X of vertices with the property that X separates E from all other ends of the graph. (That is, in terms of havens, βE(X) is disjoint from βD(X) for every other end D.) In a graph with finitely many ends, every end must be free. Halin (1964) proves that, if G has infinitely many ends, then either there exists an end that is not free, or there exists an infinite family of rays that share a common starting vertex and are otherwise disjoint from each other.
Thick ends[edit]
A thick end of a graph G is an end that contains infinitely many pairwise-disjoint rays. Halin's grid theorem characterizes the graphs that contain thick ends: they are exactly the graphs that have a subdivision of the hexagonal tiling as a subgraph.[9]
Special kinds of graphs[edit]
Symmetric and almost-symmetric graphs[edit]
Mohar (1991) defines a connected locally-finite graph to be "almost symmetric" if there exist a vertex v and a number D such that, for every other vertex w, there is an automorphism of the graph for which the image of v is within distance D of w; equivalently, a connected locally-finite graph is almost symmetric if its automorphism group has finitely many orbits. As he shows, for every connected locally-finite almost-symmetric graph, the number of ends is either at most two or uncountable; if it is uncountable, the ends have the topology of a Cantor set. Additionally, Mohar shows that the number of ends controls the Cheeger constant
where V ranges over all finite nonempty sets of vertices of the graph and where denotes the set of edges with one endpoint in V. For almost-symmetric graphs with uncountably many ends, h > 0; however, for almost-symmetric graphs with only two ends, h = 0.
Cayley graphs[edit]
Every group and a set of generators for the group determine a Cayley graph, a graph whose vertices are the group elements and the edges are pairs of elements (x,gx) where g is one of the generators. In the case of a finitely-generated group, the ends of the group are defined to be the ends of the Cayley graph for the finite set of generators; this definition is invariant under the choice of generators, in the sense that if two different finite set of generators are chosen, the ends of the two Cayley graphs are in one-to-one correspondence with each other.
For instance, every free group has a Cayley graph (for its free generators) that is a tree. The free group on one generator has a doubly-infinite path as its Cayley graph, with two ends. Every other free group has infinitely many ends.
Every finitely-generated infinite group has either 1, 2, or infinitely many ends, and the Stallings theorem about ends of groups provides a decomposition of groups with more than one end.[10] In particular:
- A finitely-generated infinite group has 2 ends if and only if it has a cyclic subgroup of finite index.
- A finitely-generated infinite group has infinitely many ends if and only if it is either a nontrivial free product with amalgamation or HNN-extension with finite amalgamation.
- All other finitely-generated infinite groups have exactly one end.
- ^ However, as Krön & Möller (2008) point out, ends of graphs were already considered by Freudenthal (1945).
- ^ E.g., this is the form of the equivalence relation used by Diestel & Kühn (2003).
- ^ The haven nomenclature, and the fact that two rays define the same haven if and only if they are equivalent, is due to Robertson, Seymour & Thomas (1991). Diestel & Kühn (2003) proved that every haven comes from an end, completing the bijection between ends and havens, using a different nomenclature in which they called havens "directions".
- ^ The proof by Diestel & Kühn (2003) that every haven can be defined by a ray is nontrivial and involves two cases. If the set (where X ranges over all finite sets of vertices) is infinite, then there exists a ray that passes through infinitely many vertices of S, which necessarily determines β. On the other hand, if S is finite, then Diestel & Kühn (2003) show that in this case there exists a sequence of finite sets Xi that separate the end from all points whose distance from an arbitrarily chosen starting point in G \ S is i. In this case, the haven is defined by any ray that is followed by a robber using the haven to escape police who land at set Xi in round i of the pursuit-evasion game.
- ^ More precisely, in the original formulation of this result by Halin (1964) in which ends are defined as equivalence classes of rays, every equivalence class of rays of G contains a unique nonempty equivalence class of rays of the spanning forest. In terms of havens, there is a one-to-one correspondence of havens of order ℵ0 between G and its spanning tree T for which for every finite set X and every corresponding pair of havens βT and βG.
- ^ Seymour & Thomas (1991); Thomassen (1992); Diestel (1992).
- ^ Diestel & Kühn (2003).
- ^ Diestel (2006).
- ^ Halin (1965); Diestel (2004).
- ^ Stallings (1968, 1971).
- Diestel, Reinhard (1992), "The end structure of a graph: recent results and open problems", Discrete Mathematics 100 (1-3): 313–327, doi:10.1016/0012-365X(92)90650-5, MR 1172358.
- Diestel, Reinhard (2004), "A short proof of Halin's grid theorem", Abhandlungen aus dem Mathematischen Seminar der Universität Hamburg 74: 237–242, doi:10.1007/BF02941538, MR 2112834.
- Diestel, Reinhard (2006), "End spaces and spanning trees", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 96 (6): 846–854, doi:10.1016/j.jctb.2006.02.010, MR 2274079.
- Diestel, Reinhard; Kühn, Daniela (2003), "Graph-theoretical versus topological ends of graphs", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 87 (1): 197–206, doi:10.1016/S0095-8956(02)00034-5, MR 1967888.
- Freudenthal, Hans (1931), "Über die Enden topologischer Räume und Gruppen", Mathematische Zeitschrift 33: 692–713, doi:10.1007/BF01174375.
- Freudenthal, Hans (1945), "Über die Enden diskreter Räume und Gruppen", Commentarii Mathematici Helvetici 17: 1–38, doi:10.1007/bf02566233, MR 0012214.
- Halin, Rudolf (1964), "Über unendliche Wege in Graphen", Mathematische Annalen 157: 125–137, doi:10.1007/bf01362670, MR 0170340.
- Halin, Rudolf (1965), "Über die Maximalzahl fremder unendlicher Wege in Graphen", Mathematische Nachrichten 30: 63–85, doi:10.1002/mana.19650300106, MR 0190031.
- Krön, Bernhard; Möller, Rögnvaldur G. (2008), "Metric ends, fibers and automorphisms of graphs", Mathematische Nachrichten 281 (1): 62–74, doi:10.1002/mana.200510587, MR 2376468.
- Mohar, Bojan (1991), "Some relations between analytic and geometric properties of infinite graphs", Discrete Mathematics 95 (1-3): 193–219, doi:10.1016/0012-365X(91)90337-2, MR 1141939.
- Robertson, Neil; Seymour, Paul; Thomas, Robin (1991), "Excluding infinite minors", Discrete Mathematics 95 (1-3): 303–319, doi:10.1016/0012-365X(91)90343-Z, MR 1141945.
- Seymour, Paul; Thomas, Robin (1991), "An end-faithful spanning tree counterexample", Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 113 (4): 1163–1171, doi:10.2307/2048796, MR 1045600.
- Stallings, John R. (1968), "On torsion-free groups with infinitely many ends", Annals of Mathematics, Second Series 88: 312–334, doi:10.2307/1970577, MR 0228573.
- Stallings, John R. (1971), Group theory and three-dimensional manifolds: A James K. Whittemore Lecture in Mathematics given at Yale University, 1969, Yale Mathematical Monographs 4, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, MR 0415622.
- Thomassen, Carsten (1992), "Infinite connected graphs with no end-preserving spanning trees", Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 54 (2): 322–324, doi:10.1016/0095-8956(92)90059-7, MR 1152455.


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Plowing through Transcriptional Variations by Harnessing...
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The loss of a gene through deletion of genetic material on chromosome 15 is associated with significant abnormalities in learning and behavior, according to a consortium of researchers led by Baylor College of Medicine (BCM). "This gene encodes a subunit of a nicotinic receptor," explains Arthur L. Beaudet, M.D., chair of molecular and human genetics at BCM.
"It is a gene that mediates the response to nicotine via a receptor whose normal ligand is acetylcholine." The gene encodes an ion channel, and defects in ion channels have previously been associated with forms of epilepsy.
The study appears online in Nature Genetics and is titled "A small recurrent deletion within 15q13.3 is associated with a range of neurodevelopmental phenotypes."
Previously, a larger deletion containing more genes had been reported in people with the same constellation of disorders. In this work, the BCM-led team found that a smaller deletion of genetic material, the whole gene called CHRNA7, and a part of another was associated with similar problems in 10 members of four families.
"This research goes about 95 percent of the way to pinning these problems in a specific group of individuals to this gene," says Dr. Beaudet. He believes that the deletion will be identified in more people with behavioral problems as well as schizophrenia, developmental delay, and epilepsy. The gene's role in schizophrenia has been under study for some time.
In this study, an international group of researchers identified 10 people from four unrelated families with the same deletion in the chromosome. Of the 10 subjects, nine had developmental delay and/or mental retardation. Four had seizure disorders or an abnormal electroencephalogram.
In two of the families studied, the patients had inherited the deletion from a parent. In one family, researchers found the same deletion in the patient's mother, two siblings, maternal aunt, and maternal grandmother. Both the patient's mother and aunt had mental retardation and epilepsy, while both siblings had developmental delay. The patient had severe mental retardation and obesity and mild facial dysmorphism.
A second patient with impaired growth and severe developmental delay inherited her deletion from her mother, who had normal intelligence but had suffered from epilepsy from childhood.
"If insufficient expression of the nicotinic receptor causes most or all of the problems associated with deletions in this particular area of chromosome 15, then it offers a target for drug treatment," points out Pawel Stankiewicz, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of molecular and human genetics at BCM.
Should bans on science education, of the sort imposed on Iranians hoping to study physics and engineering in the United States, encompass other nationals and other fields of study, including biotechnology?
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Outcry in Tunisia After Secular Politician Slain
Description:Tunisian opposition politician Mohamed Brahmi was shot dead on Thursday in the second such assassination this year, setting off violent protests against the Islamist-led government in the capital and elsewhere. The politician's wife said Brahmi had left the house after receiving a telephone call. She heard shots and found his body lying on the ground outside as two men fled on a motorcycle. (0:52)
Source: Reuters
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11 items found relating to : Still Alive
The Salt Lake Tribune, Salt Lake City | DECLARES CAPTAIN OF TITANIC IS ALIVE By International News Service --- BALTIMORE, July 21---Still emphatic in his assertion that he saw Captain E. J. Smith, who is supposed to have been drowned in the Titanic disaster, Peter Pryal declared today tha... |
22nd July 1912 | |||
Milwaukee Journal | VICTIM OF TITANIC DISASTER, BELIEVED LOST, MAY BE ALIVE Montreal, Que.—(AP)—A Montreal family was stirred Wednesday by the prospect that Lorraine Allison, long believed to have been drowned in the Titanic disaster of 1912, still is alive and living in Berkley, Mich., as Mrs. Lawrence Kra... |
4th September 1940 | |||
Denver Times | MRS. STOIBER-ROOD DENIES REPORT HUSBAND IS ALIVE Says She Has Positive Evidence He Lost His Life on Titanic Disaster. Recent reports from London that a man seen there had been partially identified as Hugh R. Rood, supposed to have been one of the Titanic victims in April, 1912, have ... |
19th April 1912 | |||
Brooklyn Daily Times | BAYSIDE'S LOSS IN DEATH OF HENRY B. HARRIS BAYSIDE, L. I., April 17---All Bayside is saddened by the belief that Henry B. Harris, the theatrical manager, perished with the sinking of the Titanic. Mr. Harris had a charming home in Broadway, Bayside, and was a regular summer resident of the vil... |
17th April 1912 | |||
Antioch News | DEATH OF ELSBURY POSITIVE Dispatch From the White Star Line Says That Elsbury is Not a Survivor ALL HOPE IS ABANDONED Gurnee Man on Titanic Not Among Survivors--Family Now Compelled to Give up Hope. The last hope of the James El... |
2nd May 1912 | |||
The Washington Herald | STILL INSISTS HE SAW CAPT. SMITH Baltimore Man Tells How It Would Have Been Possible to Have Been Rescued --- Special to The Washington Herald --- Baltimore. Md., July 23---Still emphatic in his assertions that he saw Capt. E. J. Smith, ... |
Brooklyn Daily Times | STILL REFUSE TO BELIEVE WYCKOFF VON DERHOEF HAS PERISHED President Frederick H. Way, of the Williamsburgh City Fire Insurance Company, was not inclined to discuss the fate of Wyckoff Von Derhoef, the Secretary of the company, who is reported to be among the missing of the Titanic passengers. Mr. Way is st... |
19th April 1912 | |||
Unidentified Newspaper | MAJOR BUTT MADE HIS WILL IN FEAR OF DEATH Mysteriously Warned That He Might Die on His Trip To and From Europe A mysterious warning that he would meet death on his trip abroad came to Major Archibald Butt before he left Washington. Six weeks ago, when the major determined on a European trip ... |
19th April 1912 | |||
Hudson Observer | MEMORIAL SERVICE FOR TITANIC VICTIM Family of John Ashby of West Hoboken Abandon Hope for Him ---------- Until to-day the family of John Ashby, of West Hoboken, had some hope for his recovery, but are now convinced that there is no hope of him showing up alive, ... |
23rd April 1912 | |||
SALE OF ROGERS' POSTCARD In Sotheby's July 21/22 1992 Sale Lot 278: RMS Titanic postcard sent from the Titanic, written to James Day of Swansea by his friend ''W.J.R.'' in pencil . .. Just a line to show that I am alive & kicking going grand its a treat . . . '' coloured pos... |
21st July 1992 |


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A leading UN think tank has become the latest group to call for the establishment of a definitive rule set to govern online actions and interactions.
Members of the Diplomatic Council, assembled from over 50 nations, have demanded the introduction of a "Global Digital Agenda" that will look to ensure that all parts of society will be able to participate and benefit from the increasing digitalisation of everyday life.
The Council believes that this transition is equal to the Industrial Revolution, with its newly appointed director of emerging IT, internet entrepreneur Gabriele Viebach, saying that the devices and services recently launched by the likes of Apple, Amazon, Facebook and Google are similar to the mechanical weaving looms of the 18th Century, providing the chance to create completely new opportunities to build supportive communities around the world.
"Without wanting to play down the advantages of the industrialization, the suffering the industrial revolution once brought to millions of people and multiple generations must not repeat itself during the digital revolution," Viebach, whose previous positions include roles at T-Mobile, BEA Systems, and BT Global Services.
The group also called for the complete equality of all nations within the UN General Assembly whilst the course of global digitalisation is fully shaped and formed.
Based in The Hague, the Diplomatic Council, which counts several noted members from everyday society alongside political diplomats, is a global think tank following the principles of the United Nations, and has previously address global topics in areas such as IT, media and marketing in the past.
Previous attempts to construct or define rules governing internet use and actions have proved unsuccessful, with a 2012 'treaty' aimed at giving all countries equal access to telecoms systems and spam blocking obstructed by US, UK and Canada.
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Bruce Appelbaum
I am Bruce Appelbaum, living in the suburbs of NYC, wife, kids, dog, job. Photography has been my a hobby for 50+ years, and I still work at developing the "eye." Formerly used film, strictly digital now, using a Canon 5DIII and an assortment of lenses. Many years working in developing countries, tons of slides and prints. My passport photo from my "Indiana Appelbaum" days.
My passion is New York City -- the seen but not observed parts. My faves: Brooklyn Bridge and Flatiron Building.
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The Hunger Games: Mockingjay — Part 1 Is Bleak, Depressing, and Really Good
What works most smashingly is the movie's meta side. Much of Mockingjay centers on selling.
READ MORE »What works most smashingly is the movie's meta side. Much of Mockingjay centers on selling.
James Meyer worked for Johns for 27 years and pocketed $3.4 million from his scheme.
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READ MORE »What makes her so popular is her tendency to make clothes that blend seamlessly into wardrobes and lives, that feel from the first moment like old familiars.
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READ MORE »"I was told, 'You're not an actor, you're an artist.' I didn't know what that meant, but I knew it didn't mean going to L.A. and trying to be famous."
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All you need to get out of a post-breakup depression is an internet connection.
He is the uncontested auteur of the trailer era.
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READ MORE »What do you do after years spent turning a show into an American comic institution? If you're this comedian, you might spend a summer making a movie about torture.


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Assemblyman Bob Oaks (R,C-Macedon), joined by Kim Talman of the National Association to Protect Children, his Assembly minority colleagues as well as local district attorneys, today renewed his push for passage of meaningful sex crime legislation.
"New Yorkers are in danger from sexual predators and to not take action at this critical juncture would be a travesty," said Oaks. "We need to pass meaningful legislation that fixes the problem, without delay."
With the clock ticking toward the end of the session it is important that these crime fighting initiatives be brought to the floor for a vote.
The legislation proposed by Assemblyman Oaks builds on the momentum the Assembly minority built this year fighting against sexual violence. It would provide:
- Civil confinement for the most dangerous convicted sexual predators
- Elimination of the five-year statute of limitations for rape cases
- Expansion of the state DNA database
- Elimination of New York's "incest loophole" to afford children raped by family members the same protection as other child victims.
"We need to take this opportunity to protect the most vulnerable of our population," said Oaks. "Common-sense initiatives like these would provide prosecutors with the tools they need to put criminals behind bars and to help heal the emotional damage wrought on the victims of these horrendous crimes."
- Oaks Alerts Local Student-Volunteers About FASNY Scholarship Program
- Assemblyman Oaks Joins Others In The Assembly Minority Calling For Passage Of Eight Women's Equality Bills
- Assemblyman Oaks Reappointed Ranking Minority Member, Ways And Means Committee
- Assemblyman Oaks Reminds Children, Parents And Grandparents That Summer Reading Challenges May Be Turned In Now
- Unshackle Upstate Gives Assemblyman Robert Oaks Highest Rating


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Motivation: The Not-So-Secret Ingredient of High Performance
HBS Press, Harvard Business School Press
Publication Date:Mar 31, 2006Discipline:Human Resource ManagementSource:Harvard Business Press Chapters |
Product number:7386BC-HCB-ENG Length:23p |
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Motivation can be self-generating or the product of good management. Either way, motivation is an important part of performance management because simply having a common goal is not enough. A person may understand the goal at hand, but may not have the motivation to pursue it. This chapter outlines several theories of motivation.
This chapter is excerpted from Harvard Business Essentials: Performance Management.
learning objective:
To consider practical suggestions for motivating subordinates to achieve a common goal.
subjects covered:
Human resource management; Improving performance; Incentives; Motivation; Performance measurement


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Definition of respirable
a. - Suitable for being breathed; adapted for respiration.
The word "respirable" uses 10 letters: A B E E I L P R R S.
No direct anagrams for respirable found in this word list.
Adding one letter to respirable does not form any other word in this word list.
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- 73Promote
Art Print
Collect your choice of gallery quality Giclée, or fine art prints custom trimmed by hand in a variety of sizes with a white border for framing.
Pepe this is awesome! What a great abstract. Without the title I might not have known what this was. :)
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Workflows make it easy to do something that's very hard to do in any other development environment: Take action when something doesn't happen. Here's how to protect yourself when something's isn't happening in your Windows Workflows.
Eric Vogel shows you how to use the CultureInfo API in .NET Framework 4.5 to simplify localization in a multi-threaded application.
Google has a set of libraries that allow older versions of Android to get support for newer APIs. Mono for Android provides full support.
Not only does backlog management impact product architecture, but full adoption of Experience Leveling can also enable faster time-to-production, higher quality, and better user experience.
Although Windows 8 and Windows Phone share the same core, building an app for both isn't as easy as you might think.
There's a well understood UI design process that you can use to get to the "right" UI for your application. And it starts by inventing people.
Nick Randolph dissects Windows Phone 8 as a platform for application and enterprise developers.
Part 1 of this article introduced four new T-SQL functions available in SQL Server 2012. Part 2 has the rest.
Creating connectable Web Parts is a good thing for you and your users -- and the default interfaces that come with SharePoint form the architecture you should use to create those Web Parts.
What's next on the data frontier? Microsoft will take us into the world of in-memory transactional databases and big data. And if you know how to write code and queries against SQL Server, then you already have the necessary skills to play there.
The latest version of SQL Server expands its capabilities. Here are four new things developers can do with it.
We rounded up readers' development misadventures for the December 2012 cover story, "Dev Disasters -- Why They Happen, How to Overcome Them".
What Redmond needs to do in the new year to build on the momentum of the raft of 2012 product releases.
Eric Vogel covers how to use the Managed Extensibility Framework (MEF) to extend a Windows Store application.
How can Agile teams put price tags on features? Gregg Boer covers two methods that teams can use to estimate costs.
Diego Dagum provides an overview of C++ templates, and how its generics differ from C# and Java.
Peter returns to creating a provider WebPart, but this time passes SharePoint list data from one WebPart to another.
Learn how to use the Fragments API in Mono for Android to create an application UI for multiple screens, such as a handset and tablet.
A free tool to reduce coding for developers who like to surface T-SQL database recordsets in a simple collection of customized POCO objects.
The IWebPartParameters interface provides a flexible way for one WebPart to select the data it wants from another WebPart. And, since implementing that interface doesn't require much code, you should consider using it on all your WebParts.
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Boeing close to fixing Dreamliner battery
PUBLISHED: 21 Feb 2013 07:33:00 | UPDATED: 21 Feb 2013 08:16:16PRINT EDITION: 21 Feb 2013Boeing has found a way to fix battery problems on its grounded 787 Dreamliner jets that involves increasing the space between the lithium ion battery cells, a source has told Reuters.
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Topics | Manufacturing, Transport /Aviation , Company News |


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365-Day Returns... Hassle-Free!
Cold Weather Gear
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Order as many items as you like with our $4.99 flat rate shipping.
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Mitchell & Ness knows how to take a trip back in time and return with a cutting edge look. Their latest example is the 1981 Los Angeles Dodgers Batting Practice jacket! This tailored-fit track jacket features a foldover collar that will have you reminiscing about how much fun the 80's were. Add in the huge Dodgers logo embroidered on the front and you'll be able to announce your allegiance to Los Angeles wherever you roam. Show off your ultimate Los Angeles fanaticism by sporting this jacket!
- 100% Polyester
- Contrast color stripes at collar, cuffs and waist
- Foldover collar
- Imported
- Officially licensed MLB product
- Quality embroidery
- Tailored fit
- Two front pockets
Shop early for holidays and birthdays with our 365 Day No-Hassle Return Policy! Because we stand behind the quality of our products, you can return any item in original condition for up to a full year from the purchase date. We want you and your gift recipients to love what you ordered, but if not, we make returns easy for you.
Special event items are produced by manufacturers only after the outcome of a game
or event. These are advanced sale items and will ship immediately after they are
received in our warehouse.
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are not available for international or expedited shipping.
Customized items can be personalized with options such as your name, your favorite
number, and/or designs. Some options may be limited by league rules.


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Different microbe species can cooperate via electric currents, with the help of conductive minerals in the sediment.
Different microbe species can cooperate via electric currents, with the help of conductive minerals in the sediment.
Ancient bacteria living in deep-sea sediments are alive—but with metabolisms so slow that it's hard to tell.
Researchers coax bacteria to produce tiny magnets and electrical wires that may be used to build advanced electronics.
By cultivating detoxifying bacteria in its gut, a pest called the bean bug can become instantly resistant to a common insecticide.
Teenagers create a program that lets viewers compare the sizes of things on earth and in space.
Only a quarter of Clostridium difficile infections in one hospital system were traced to contact with a symptomatic patient.
The US National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity explains why it recommended redacting the details of studies reporting on a highly transmissible H5N1 strain.
Bacteria that evolve resistance to antimicrobial therapies may be able to evade natural immune peptides.
For the first time, researchers culture a bacteria that uses a magnetic sulfide compound to navigate.
Meet the species whose DNA has recently been sequenced.


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Welcome to ABC Radio National. Skip to: RN Navigation RN Search RN Content
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Exudes the sinister beauty of a modern day film noir but also embraces an element of Capra-esque optimism.
This [series episode segment] has image,
Mesmerising and complex.
Redmayne or Keaton? Boyhood or Birdman? A discussion of the likely winners, losers and dark horses at this year's Academy Awards with guest critic and entertainment reporter Giles Hardie.
A peculiar and heartfelt celebration of outsiderdom and love.
Undoubtedly has an interesting story to tell, but there's something of a journalistic didacticism in the execution.
Tangy and intense, if slightly underdone.
The film teeters on the edge of something terrible, and when it finally does descend into chaos the simmering tensions don't boil over as you might expect.
Guest critic Tarah Judah reports from the 65th Berlin Film Festival where new works from Terrence Malick, Jafar Panahi and Pablo Larrain have premiered.
Selma stands above the controversy as a piece of cinema dealing with some very familiar ideas, yet still able to surprise, provoke and unsettle.
A mostly inane pastiche and a cartoonish depiction of the British class system, though not without some memorable moments.
Falters with some corny acting and unimaginative direction.
It does take you into a familiar heart of darkness inside the American establishment, almost too familiar, but it's wonderfully made.
Julianne Moore is up for the best actress Oscar for the role, but it's a film that I think is more an achievement of writing and directing than performance.
The film seldom does the material justice.
Co-directors Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard discuss their Nick Cave documentary 20 000 Days on Earth.
Brisbane filmmaking brothers Michael and Peter Spierig discuss their time travel film about intersex identity Predestination.
Documentary maker Eddie Martin discusses All This Mayhem, a film about Melbourne skateboarding champions the Pappas brothers and their tragic fall from grace.
Writer director Jennifer Kent discusses her internationally acclaimed first feature about a haunted storybook, The Babadook.
Friday 11:30am Repeated: Saturday 3pm
Presented by Jason Di Rosso
Find out more
Master documentarian Frederick Wiseman talks about his latest film, National Gallery, curator Kristy Matheson discusses Red Sorghum and the new Gong Li, Zhang Yimou retrospective in Melbourne, plus reviews of Focus and Lucky Them.


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Beginning in 2012, CBI - Corporate & Public Safety entered into an affiliate relationship with the Mid Atlantic OSHA Training Institute Education Center (MAOTIEC). This relationship enables CBI to host select OSHA Training Institute courses.
What is the Mid Atlantic OSHA Training Institute Education Center (MAOTIEC)?
The Mid Atlantic OSHA Training Institute Education Center (MAOTIEC) is a consortium comprised of the Chesapeake Region Safety Council (CRSC) and the Mid Atlantic Construction Safety Council (MACSC). The MAOTIEC is committed to providing all its students a first class training experience, including but not limited to efficient and expedient registration, convenient, comfortable training accommodations, user-friendly training and reference materials, and thought provoking, congenial classroom instruction offered by the top experts in their respective health and safety fields.
Spring 2015 Programs
OSHA 501 - Trainer Course in OSHA Standards for General Industry
This course is designed for individuals interested in teaching the 10‑ and 30-hour general industry safety and health Outreach training program to their employees and other interested groups. Using the OSHA General Industry Standards as a guide, special emphasis is placed on those topics required in the 10- and 30-hour programs as well as those which are most hazardous. Students are briefed on effective instructional approaches and use of visual aids and handouts. This course allows the student to become a trainer in the OSHA Outreach Training Program, to conduct both 10- and 30-hour General Industry Outreach classes, and to issue cards to participants after verifying course completion. Students who wish to participate as authorized trainers in the OSHA Outreach Training Program must prepare a presentation on an assigned OSHA General Industry Outreach Training Program topic individually or as part of a group and successfully pass a written exam at the end of the course.
Minimum student contact hours: 26
View the prerequisite information.
March 9-12, 2015
8 am - 4 pm
Register now!
OSHA 510 - Occupational Safety and Health Standards for Construction
This course covers OSHA Standards, policies, and procedures in the construction industry. Topics include scope and application of the OSHA Construction Standards, construction safety and health principles, and special emphasis on those areas in construction which are most hazardous. Upon course completion students will have the ability to define construction terms found in the OSHA Construction Standards, identify hazards which occur in the construction industry, locate and determine appropriate OSHA Construction Standards, policies, and procedures, and describe the use of the OSHA Construction Standards and regulations to supplement an ongoing safety and health program.
Minimum contact hours: 26
April 6 - 9
8 am - 4 pm
Price: $795
Register now!
All programs feature hands-on demonstrations and lecture from safety experts including industrial hygienists, emergency preparedness/life safety experts, and accident and forensic investigators. Courses will be held at the Fowler Family Southside Center campus.
Registrations must be completed no later than 24 hours before the program start date. Register online at www.oshamidatlantic.org. For questions, please call 1.877.700.6212. To learn more about the programs, please visit www.oshamidatlantic.org.


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Introducing leggings. You'll never run out of inspiration.
Installment of My 365 Project:
January 26,2011: Yep— this looks like how I have felt today. Just totally out of phase and off track and akimbo and not completely solid. Nothing interesting has happened.
Featured in The Sisterhood 01/27/11
panasonic lumix dcm-fh20
Just a girl trying to get ahead in the cold, cruel world while making it a more cinematic place to be.
View Full ProfileGreat photo of a not nice place to be.
thaks, ev! could use this as a "before" shot for some sort of PMS medication. lol….
– Margaret Bryant
thanks, i'm truly honored!
– Margaret Bryant
Whistler's Mother on opium? Interesting piece
thanks, jenny
– Margaret Bryant


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NFL Saints training camp to return to Thibodaux
Published: Friday, May 4, 2001 at 6:01 a.m.
Last Modified: Thursday, May 3, 2001 at 11:00 p.m.
Nicholls State University and the New Orleans Saints will make it official Monday morning.
A media conference has been scheduled at 9 a.m. Monday for a contract-signing ceremony that will bring the Saints 2001 training camp back to the Thibodaux campus. The conference will be conducted in the Governor's Press Conference Room on the fourth floor of the Louisiana Capitol in Baton Rouge.
University officials deferred comment until Monday's conference.
Last summer, an estimated 75,000 people attended the Saints' 31-day training camp, which included the Black and Gold Scrimmage at John L. Guidry Stadium.
Unlike the 2000 training camp, no other sites were considered for this summer's camp, Arnold Fielkow, Saints director of administration, said in an earlier interview. In February 2000 Nicholls State beat out Ham-mond, Baton Rouge, Lafayette and Mobile, Ala., to hold the training camp.
Prior to that, the Saints trained in LaCrosse, Wis., for 12 seasons. Thibodaux was home of the Saints' 1975 camp.
The Saints are scheduled to hold their 2001 training camp from July 27 to Aug. 22.
In an earlier interview, Mike Davis, Nicholls State's purchasing agent and last summer's training camp coordinator, said the team's success delayed the negotiations. The Saints won the NFC West Championship with a 10-6 record and recorded their first-ever playoff victory, a 31-28 win over the St. Louis Rams.
Davis said the Saints' negotiations with the state regarding the Louisiana Superdome also delayed the process.
"The delay was more caused by the Saints' success this year, and that they made the playoffs and weren't able to turn their attention to this," he said. "Also, their ongoing negotiations with the state regarding the Superdome has complicated things.
"It really wasn't any snags from our standpoint," Davis added.
A recent study by the South Louisiana Economic Council showed the camp was a winning situation for the Houma-Thibodaux area. The camp had an estimated $1.67 million economic impact on the area.
Reader comments posted to this article may be published in our print edition. All rights reserved. This copyrighted material may not be re-published without permission. Links are encouraged.
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My blogs
Blogs I follow
Gender | Female |
Industry | Arts |
Location | Minnesota, United States |
Introduction | I've always had an interest in baking, my grandma taught me before I could reach the counters on my own. Once I found the Food Network and both saw and learned new things my passion really developed into pastries and all things ... well, sugar. And through my personal beliefs, vegetarian and vegan cooking became center stage. I love to experiment in both arenas. |
Interests | cupcakes, baking, vegetarian lifestyle, vegan cooking, cooking, rachael ray, gale gand, martha stewart, better homes and gardens, margaret braun, colette peters, elisa strauss, the food network, alton brown, cakes, cookie cutters, cooking gadgets, marcel desaulniers, chocolate, vanilla, fruit, ice cream, cake stands, christmas and christmas baking, breads, tarts, cheesecake, nancy silverton, individual desserts, mini desserts, blueberry muffins |


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Best Shabu Shabu???
- 13
- Follow
Friends and I have been jonesing to have it! We are planning on going tomorrow night- but where is the best place to go? Thanks in advance!
I have found none in the city or neighboring boroughs.
Perhaps it is not cost effective versus prices most people want to pay.If you are a purist and want great broth .. Try 小肥羊 on Main Street near Northern blvd in Flushing.
No ambiance but the broth is worth the trek and you can order live Alaskan king crab .. but be wiling to spend if you order all seafood ..Most diners savor a bowl of broth before they start ordering .. They will replenish gratis!
re: panjuice
Shabu Tatsu on E.10th St. specializes in it.
216 E 10th St, New York, NY 100030-
re: Silverjay
Thx Silverjay,
We actually tried this place a few times this year :)
Our friends are carnivores lol and they enjoyed this place!
We prefer elaborate seafood selections, so the menu choices were quite limited for us.
Despite that, the prime rib-eye we had chosen was sliced perfectly for the quick swish in the bubbling broth.0 -
i recently reviewed shabu tatsu:
http://www.lauhound.com/2011/11/shabu...I'm also going to review momokawa soon, which also serves shabu shabu, but to answer your question i didn't find a big difference between the two for shabu shabu. however, the upside to momokawa is some of their other food is quite good
those are the only places i know of that really serve it now that lan is gone (there is one on the UES, but i thought it was pretty crappy)


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Building a Distributed Spreadsheet in Modula-3
The netobj daemon acts like a bulletin board. First, the server posts a note saying, "I've got a spreadsheet object for sale." Then the client comes along and says, "I'll buy that." The server exports; the client imports; the daemon mediates. In the nomenclature of CORBA, the daemon is an object request broker. Once the sale is complete, the client and server talk to each other directly. Code details are found in Listing 4.
Listing 4 will work when the server and client are located on the same machine. Suppose instead that the server runs on some Linux box—eggnog.cmu.edu—and that the clients are elsewhere. Ensure that netobjd is running on eggnog and change one line in the client program.
address := NetObj.Locate( "eggnog.cmu.edu" );
With that, our programs now talk over the Net.
Because Modula-3 comes ready-made with thread support, it also provides mutexes (mutual exclusion semaphores) so that parallel operations on the same datum are serialized. In our discussion so far, the Money.T type has been left unspecified. It might actually be something like this:
INTERFACE Money; TYPE T = MUTEX OBJECT cents: INTEGER; END; END Money.
Mutexes protect data so that client B does not modify values before client A is finished. Granted, protecting each cell separately is overkill. A more elegant approach is to protect ranges of cells, with the lock initiated by user action.
Figure 2 shows a spreadsheet from the point of view of user A (Alice). She is working on the cell range tinted red. User B (Bob) cannot modify these cells. He is working on the blue cells, indicating to Alice that to her they are read only.
To port our user interface program from Linux to Windows NT, do the following:
Archive the client source code by using the tar command.
Copy the tar file to your Windows machine.
Unarchive the file using tar. Convert end-of-line markers.
At the command line, type m3build.
Assuming there are no stunts of low-level programming, all the Modula-3 code in this example—including the GUI—is transparently portable. Differing path name conventions, for example, are hidden behind OS-independent interfaces. There's not an #ifdef in sight.
In this article I've highlighted the creation of a multi-platform, distributed spreadsheet using Modula-3. The key step is to wrap the spreadsheet into a network object. In this way, remote objects may be invoked with exactly the same syntax as local objects. Most of the hard work is done for you.
Modula-3 is not the only means for creating distributed applications, but in my mind it strikes an optimal balance between simplicity and power. By its very intent, it is a language for building large, solid systems in order for you to get your work done.
Clearly, my discussion has omitted many details. To help fill this gap, a companion tutorial is available on the Web (see the sidebar "Getting Started".) Full source code is available for experimentation and invention.
John Kominek holds a master's degree in Computer Science from the University of Waterloo, and is currently a graduate student at CMU. When pressed, he admits to pronouncing Linux to rhyme with Linus. He can be reached via e-mail at firstname.lastname@example.com.
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As Linux continues to play an ever increasing role in corporate data centers and institutions, ensuring the integrity and protection of these systems must be a priority. With 60% of the world's websites and an increasing share of organization's mission-critical workloads running on Linux, failing to stop malware and other advanced threats on Linux can increasingly impact an organization's reputation and bottom line.
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Most companies incorporate backup procedures for critical data, which can be restored quickly if a loss occurs. However, fewer companies are prepared for catastrophic system failures, in which they lose all data, the entire operating system, applications, settings, patches and more, reducing their system(s) to "bare metal." After all, before data can be restored to a system, there must be a system to restore it to.
In this one hour webinar, learn how to enhance your existing backup strategies for better disaster recovery preparedness using Storix System Backup Administrator (SBAdmin), a highly flexible bare-metal recovery solution for UNIX and Linux systems.
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- You're the Boss with UBOS


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Apartments for Rent in MI
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Eaglebrook Apartments
5979 8th Avenue SW Apartment F
Grandville, MI 49418
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Eaglebrook Apartments
5979 8th Avenue SW Apartment F
Grandville, MI 49418
Community Description
Pet Policy: Allowed breeds under 25 pounds.
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Little lost toys are waiting on pavements and in gutters, ready to be washed away. The moment the toy fell there on the street, it became nothing more than itself, without story or history. But it still has value. Collected on maps, Connectoys are revived in their own universe, where everybody can invent stories with them.
Showcase → Connectoys
Submitted on Tuesday, Apr 20th, 2010
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Architecture Tour (Daily)
Occurs every day the museum is open through May 1, 2015
Thursday, March 5, 2015 - 10:15am – 11:00am
Hamilton Building - Level 1
Included in general admission.
Think outside the box and experience the unique architecture of the museum's Frederic C. Hamilton Building, designed by Daniel Libeskind. Take a trip through Boettcher Canyon Walk, scout out the Bartlit Sculpture Deck, sight-see from Duncan Pavilion, and more.
Meet in the first level elevator lobby of the Hamilton Building.


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Featured Local Event full calendar»
Thursday, March 5th - 1:00 PM-1:00 AM
Cincinnati International Wine Festivaly @ Duke Energy Center |
DERF Happy Hour
Keep checking back here to find out where the next DERF Happy Hour will be!
Romney blames Obamacare for delayed Joey Votto MRI
CINCINNATI, OH - The Cincinnati Reds have been dealt a blow after learning that their MVP first baseman Joey Votto will have to undergo knee surgery. The surgery comes due to an injury that occurred several weeks ago, leading many fans to ask why the full scope of the injury was not known earlier. Fresh on the heels of President Obama's visit to Cincinnati, Republican Presidential candidate Mitt Romney says that the delayed diagnosis is a direct result of the President's health care plan.
"This President has been a failure," said Mitt on the campaign trail. "The lack of job creation, the handling of the economy, it's all been bad. But now, it is time for all of America to join me in condemning Barack Obama for single handedly crippling All Star First Baseman Joey Votto."
The incident that caused Votto's injury happened on June 29th, but an MRI of the affected knee did not take place until over two weeks later. Romney views this delay as a failure of Obamacare, and speaks of it often while on the campaign trail. "This is Obama's vision of America," Romney always begins. "A health care system where people are forced to wait on care because of socialism. A health care system where doctors are not able to tend to MVP baseball players because they are too busy giving free Vicodin to illegal immigrants. Well, all of that will change under my Presidency."
Political analysts have been fascinated by how the message is playing out. "This latest campaign talking point may have legs," said CNN's Wolf Blitzer. "Votto-gate, as we call it, seems to really be striking a chord with lower middle class voters, especially in southern Ohio. It should also be noted that since Governor Romney began attacking on this issue, President Obama's approval rating in the St. Louis, Missouri area has steadily climbed."
The Obama campaign has responded with an attack of their own. "Governor Romney has changed his position on this issue, just like he has on so many others," said the President during a stump speech. "The fact is, his own health care plan in Massachusetts led to half the 2006 Boston Red Sox being on the DL by September, leading pitcher Tim Wakefield to demand a trade to a team in a free-market health economy state. Of course, Mitt was probably too busy visiting his bank vault in the Caymans to notice."
For his part, Joey Votto has refused to comment on the controversy surrounding his late diagnosis. "It is what it is, eh?" said Votto. "Now, I'm headed back home to Toronto to work on my rehab. I would do it here, but I really don't want to spend half of my salary on my prescriptions."
- Reds fans get in shape for summer of disappointment and despair
- Mat Latos blasts inadequate service at Cincinnati tattoo parlors
- Tom Bradys Super Bowl MVP truck tires underinflated
- Seahawks accused of deflating Bill Belichick's Sleep Number Bed
- Tom Brady blames global warming for deflated footballs
- Louisville/Lexington mayors bet meth labs over Final Four basketball game
- Andy Dalton asked to show ID for entrance to Andy Dalton Celebrity Waiter event
- BCS celebrates another year of perfect, non-controversial college football rankings
- Successful coaches seek retroactive credit for ALS ice water challenge
- Pacman Jones celebrates four months of no bar assaults with strip club frenzy in Detroit
- Damaged fire hydrant acknowledged during Tiger Woods apology


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Everyone here know chainfire 3D to run tegra - powerVR games on -2.3 android devices so i heard in xda about this app GLtools its also do the same work but im not sure if its work on kitkat or jellybean devices like XZ so im here
Did any one tried this app on XZ? i used chainfire 3D before but i got bootloop
So is it safe to use on Z or not? Is it really work?
Thanks a lot


text:
Definition of feldspathic
a. - Alt. of Feldspathose
The word "feldspathic" uses 11 letters: A C D E F H I L P S T.
No direct anagrams for feldspathic found in this word list.
Adding one letter to feldspathic does not form any other word in this word list.
Words within feldspathic not shown as it has more than seven letters.List all words starting with feldspathic, words containing feldspathic or words ending with feldspathic
All words formed from feldspathic by changing one letter
Other words with the same letter pairs: fe el ld ds sp pa at th hi ic
Browse words starting with feldspathic by next letter
Previous word in list: feldspars
Next word in list: felicific
Some random words: freckle guppies tea cousin gift bra elfin
This is not a dictionary, it's a word game wordfinder.
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October 15, 1996 Bistros by the Bay The San Francisco version might feature Vietnamese, Italian or Provençal cooking with a short but exotic wine list By Harvey Steiman France calls it a bistro, a casual eating place where the food is abundant and rigorously fresh, though not quite as elaborate as in a more formal restaurant.
For the full article, check out the new issue of Wine Spectator, on newsstands October 15, 1996.
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we are vegetarians, and were happy to see that they have a dedicated vegetarian menu.
However, paying $32 for a plate of vegetarian pasta was in my opinion, a bit too much. otherwise, nice ambience, a nice team of chefs, and great service by Ishwinn.
If you own or manage The Evergreen Restaurant and Lounge, register now for free tools to enhance your listing, attract new reviews, and respond to reviewers.


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Devens DGC
Devens, Massachusetts 2 courses · 36 holes Driving directions
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Monday, February 23, 2015
Marc Sobota 61 - The Hill, Regular tees, 18 holes "2 of 4 on birdie attempts. Felt like a worse round than the actual score. Flicked in from 60ft out on 15 with my buzzz. Temp stayed at 20 with minimal wind."Sunday, February 22, 2015
Marc Sobota 59 - The Hill, Regular tees, 18 holes "Two foot of heavy snow over most of the course, waist deep in spots. Great network of paths throughout the course from a tournament yesterday. 32 degrees with sun and no wind. 3 of 6 on birdie attempts and missed an easy par putt. Really fun ribbon round."


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Publications (17)45.61 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: Novel PEGylated PLA nanocapsules (PEG-AcPLA nanocapsules), loading high percentage of water soluble drugs have been formulated by using multiple emulsion technique without using conventional stabilizers. In particular, sodium deoxycholate hydrate has been used to obtain nanocapsules having a mean diameter of about 200 nm and a polydispersity index of ∼0.1. Gemcitabine hydrochloride (GEM) was used as a model of hydrophilic drug. GEM-loaded PEG-AcPLA nanocapsules demonstrated a high encapsulation efficacy and the drug-release followed a zero-order kinetic. MTT-assay evidenced an increased antitumor effect of GEM-loaded PEG-AcPLA nanocapsules compared to the free drug on different cancer cell lines and confocal laser scanning microscopy showed a significant improvement of cell interaction at 6 h of incubation. In vivo anticancer activity of GEM-loaded PEG-AcPLA nanocapsules using two xenograft murine models of human solid tumors further supported the efficacy of this nano-drug, thus providing preliminary results about the potential clinical application of this innovative nanotherapeutic.European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 11/2014; · 4.25 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Therapeutic guidelines indicate prostacyclin as the first line of treatment in inflammation and vascular diseases. Prostacyclins prevent formation of the platelet plug involved in primary hemostasis by inhibiting platelet activation and, combined with thromboxane, are effective vasodilators in vascular damage. Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document on Management of Peripheral Arterial Disease II guidelines indicates prostacyclins; in particular, Iloprost, as the first therapeutic option for treating peripheral arterial disease. However, therapeutic efficacy of Iloprost has witnessed several drawbacks that have occurred in patients receiving repeated weekly administration of the drug by intravenous infusions. Adverse reactions arose under perfusion with Iloprost for 6 h and patient compliance was drastically decreased. Biomedical devices could provide a suitable alternative to overcome these drawbacks. In particular, elastomeric pumps, filled with Iloprost isotonic solution, could slowly release the drug, thus decreasing its side effects, representing a valid alternative to hospitalization of patients affected by peripheral arterial disease. However, the home therapy treatment of patients requires long-term stability of Iloprost in solution-loaded elastomeric pumps. The aim of this work was to investigate the long-term stability of Iloprost isotonic solution in biomedical devices using Turbiscan technology. Turbiscan Lab Expert (L'Union, France) predicts the long-term stability of suspensions, emulsions and colloidal formulations by measuring back scattering and transmission of particulates dispersed in solution. The formulations were evaluated by measuring the variation of physicochemical properties of colloids and suspensions as a function of back scattering and transmission modifications. In addition, the release profile of Iloprost isotonic solution from the biomedical device was evaluated.Medicinal Chemistry 11/2014; · 1.39 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: PURPOSE: To synthesize a new polymeric prodrug based on α,β-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)(2-aminoethylcarbamate)-d,l-aspartamide copolymer bearing amine groups in the side chain (PHEA-EDA), covalently linked to the anticancer drug doxorubicin and to test its potential application in anticancer therapy. METHODS: The drug was previously derivatized with a biocompatible and hydrophilic linker, leading to a doxorubicin derivative highly reactive with amino groups of PHEA-EDA. The PHEA-EDA-DOXO prodrug was characterized in terms of chemical stability. The pharmacokinetics, biodistribution and cytotoxicity of the product was investigated in vitro and in vivo on human breast cancer MCF-7 and T47D cell lines and NOD-SCID mice bearing a MCF-7 human breast carcinoma xenograft. Data collected were compared to those obtained using free doxorubicin. RESULTS: The final polymeric product is water soluble and easily hydrolysable in vivo, due to the presence of ester and amide bonds along the spacer between the drug and the polymeric backbone. In vitro tests showed a retarded cytotoxic effect on tumor cells, whereas a significant improvement of the in vivo antitumor activity of PHEA-EDA-DOXO and a survival advantage of the treated NOD-SCID mice was evidenced, compared to that of free doxorubicin. CONCLUSIONS: The features of the PHEA-EDA-DOXO provide a potential protection of the drug from the plasmatic enzymatic degradation and clearance, an improvement of the blood pharmacokinetic parameters and a suitable body biodistribution. The data collected support the promising rationale of the proposed macromolecular prodrug PHEA-EDA-DOXO for further potential development and application in the treatment of solid cancer diseases.Pharmaceutical Research 10/2014; · 3.95 Impact Factor -
Article: Nexavar(®)-related adverse reactions: Calabrian (Italy) experience for sorafenib exposition in 2012.
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ABSTRACT: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a major global health problem and Calabria in the south of Italy is not an exception. Sorafenib is the first and only Food and Drug Administration approved drug for the treatment of advanced HCC and it is currently under intensive monitoring by the Health Authorities in Italy Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco. This general report has been developed with the aim of briefly reviewing the data found in the reports of adverse reactions (ADRs) collected in Calabria in 2012 for sorafenib treated patients. Extrapolated data have highlighted some differences between the adverse drug reactions reported in patients younger or older than 70 years and other important differences with the current approved leaflet. Several limitations might be present in data analysis form spontaneous reporting, however, the relevance of reporting ADRs (dermatitis, asthenia, vomiting, etc.) for the early identification of drug related signals has to be underlined.Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics. 12/2013; 4(Suppl1):S86-S89. -
Article: Liposomal chemotherapeutics.
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ABSTRACT: Currently, six liposomal chemotherapeutics have received clinical approval and many more are in clinical trials or undergoing preclinical evaluation. Liposomes exhibit low toxicity and improve the biopharmaceutical features and therapeutic index of drugs, thereby increasing efficacy and reducing side effects. In this review we discuss the advantages of using liposomes for the delivery of chemotherapeutics. Gemcitabine and paclitaxel have been chosen as examples to illustrate how the performance of a metabolically unstable or poorly water-soluble drug can be greatly improved by liposomal incorporation. We look at the beneficial effects of liposomes in a variety of solid and blood-borne tumors, including thyroid cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer and multiple myeloma.Future Oncology 12/2013; 9(12):1849-59. · 2.61 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Vaccines are administered to large population of healthy individuals, particularly to millions of infants every year, through national immunization programs. Although vaccines represent a good defense against some infectious diseases, their administration may be related with the development of adverse vaccine events (AVEs); therefore their use is continually monitored to detect these side effects. In the presents work, we reported the suspected AVEs recorded in 2012 in Calabria, Italy. We performed a retrospective study on report forms of patients that developed AVEs in Calabria from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012. Naranjo score was used to evaluate the association between AVEs and vaccines and only suspected AVEs definable as certain, probable, or possible were included in this analysis. During the study period, we evaluated 461 records of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and 18 (3.9%) were probably induced by vaccination. AVEs were common in females (almost 77.7%) and in children aged 0-3 years. The largest number of non-serious AVEs involved "skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders" and "general disorders and administration site conditions." In conclusion, we documented that in Calabria the total number of AVEs is very low and it may be useful to increase the pharmacovigilance culture in order to evaluate the safety of these products in large populations.Journal of pharmacology & pharmacotherapeutics. 12/2013; 4(Suppl1):S61-S65. - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: Pharmacovigilance (PV) is designed to monitor drugs continuously after their commercialization, assessing and improving their safety profile. The main objective is to increase the spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs), in order to have a wide variety of information. The Italian Drug Agency (Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco [AIFA]) is financing several projects to increase reporting. In Calabria, a PV information center has been created in 2010. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We obtained data using the database of the National Health Information System AIFA relatively to Italy and Calabria in the year 2012. Descriptive statistics were performed to analyze the ADRs. RESULTS: A total number of 461 ADRs have been reported in the year 2012 with an increase of 234% compared with 2011 (138 reports). Hospital doctors are the main source of this reporting (51.62%). Sorafenib (Nexavar(®)), the combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and ketoprofen represent the drugs most frequently reported causing adverse reactions. Adverse events in female patients (61.83%) were more frequently reported, whereas the age groups "41-65" (39.07%) and "over 65" (27.9%) were the most affected. CONCLUSIONS: Calabria has had a positive increase in the number of ADRs reported, although it has not yet reached the gold standard set by World Health Organization (about 600 reports), the data have shown that PV culture is making inroads in this region and that PV projects stimulating and increasing PV knowledge are needed.Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics. 11/2013; 4(5):S55-60. - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Introduction: Manipulating gene activity represents a promising approach for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The relatively recent discovery of RNA interference (RNAi) revolutionized therapeutic approaches in this field. RNA effectors can now be used to modify the activity of genes and theoretically control any biological process. Area covered: However, the clinical application of RNAi has been limited by the inefficient delivery of RNA. Challenges associated with the in vivo use of RNAi mediators, include rapid degradation, uptake by the reticular endothelial system and inefficient cellular internalization. To date, various strategies have been developed in order to overcome these pitfalls. Among these approaches, non-viral delivery systems have gained increasing popularity, as they are generally considered safer than their viral counterparts. Expert opinion: The use of cationic polymers, especially polyethylenimine and chitosan, for the in vivo delivery of doubled-stranded RNAs is discussed in this review.Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 10/2013; · 4.87 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: PLGA microspheres were prepared as a sustained release system for the intra-articular administration of celecoxib (CCB). The microspheres were prepared in the presence of different concentrations of dimethyl-β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-Cyd), by the simple oil-in-water emulsion/evaporation solvent method. The microspheres were evaluated as to surface morphology, size and technological properties (such as encapsulation efficiency, drug loading capacity and drug release). Ex vivo studies on cultures of human chondrocytes were performed in order to evaluate the influence of the polymeric carriers on the pharmacological activity of CCB. All systems ranged from about 1 to 5μm in size and had a high encapsulation efficiency percentage ranging from about 80% to 90% (w/w), except for CCB-loaded-PLGA microspheres containing the highest amount of DM-β-Cyd, in which a dramatic drop in the encapsulation efficiency was observed (about 54%, w/w). FIB images evidenced the fact that the microspheres had a porous structure in the presence of the highest amount of DM-β-Cyd. The macrocycle modulated the release profiles of CCB from the microspheres, producing in some cases a zero-order kinetic release. Ex vivo biological studies demonstrated that DM-β-Cyd improved the drug's anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, CCB-loaded PLGA/cyclodextrin microspheres may have a potential therapeutic application in the treatment of osteo- and rheumatoid arthritis.Colloids and surfaces B: Biointerfaces 06/2013; 111C:289-296. · 4.28 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Pharmacovigilance assesses the safety profile of drugs. Its main aim is the increase of spontaneous reporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The Italian Drug Agency (AIFA; Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco) is financing several projects to the aim of increasing reporting, and in Calabria a Pharmacovigilance Information Centre has been created. We analyzed the AIFA database relatively to Calabria in the year 2011 and we have analyzed ADRs using descriptive statistics. We have also collected a questionnaire-based interview in order to describe the background knowledge in the field. Regarding the number of AIFA reported ADRs from Calabria, a 38% increase (138 vs. 100) in comparison to 2010 was evidenced. Hospital Doctors represent the main source of signaling (71.7 %). Ketoprofene and the combination amoxicillin/clavulanic acid represent the most frequently reported drugs causing ADRs. Our questionnaires indicated that despite the health professionals have met at least once an ADR only a small percentage of them was reported to the authorities (37%). There is a very good knowledge of the ADR concept and reporting system (90% of interviewed distinguish an ADR and knows how to report it), and there is a strong interest in participating to training courses in the field (95% are interested). Despite Calabria has had a positive increase in the number of reported ADRs, the total number is very low and the pharmacovigilance culture is far from being achieved in this region.Journal of research in medical sciences 09/2012; 17(9):872-5. · 0.61 Impact Factor -
Article: Improved in vitro and in vivo collagen biosynthesis by asiaticoside-loaded ultradeformable vesicles.
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ABSTRACT: The potentiality of ultradeformable vesicles as a possible topical delivery system for asiaticoside, a natural compound obtained from Centella asiatica was evaluated, because this compound exhibits collagen biosynthesis promoting activity. Ultradeformable vesicles were prepared by the extrusion technique; these vesicles were composed of Phospholipon 100 and different molar fractions of sodium cholate as the edge activator. The physicochemical properties of the ultradeformable vesicles were investigated through differential scanning calorimetry and light scattering techniques. The potential cyctotoxicity and biological activity of asiaticoside-loaded ultradeformable vesicles were evaluated on primary human dermal fibroblast cells by determining the extracellular lactic dehydrogenase activity, the cellular viability and the biosynthetic production of collagen. In vitro permeation experiments through human stratum corneum and epidermis membranes were also carried out. Ultradeformable vesicles having sodium cholate molar fraction of 0.2 proved to be the most suitable topical carriers for asiaticoside. A sodium cholate content of >0.2 was observed to be cytotoxic probably due to its co-existence with other lipid aggregates, an example being mixed micelles. Asiaticoside-loaded ultradeformable vesicles with a sodium cholate molar fraction of 0.2 elicited the greatest degree of collagen biosynthesis in human fibroblasts. Ultradeformable vesicles provided the greatest in vitro skin permeation of asiaticoside showing a 10-fold increase with respect to the free drug solution and favoured an increase in in vivo collagen biosynthesis. Ultradeformable vesicles are therefore suitable carriers for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic application of the natural agent asiaticoside.Journal of Controlled Release 06/2012; 162(1):143-51. · 7.63 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Topical application of anticancer drugs for the treatment of malignancies represents a new challenge in dermatology, potentially being an alternative therapeutic approach for the efficacious treatment of non-melanoma skin cancer, that is, actinic keratoses, and malignant lesions of the skin caused by ultraviolet radiation. Anti-proliferative and antimitotic drugs, including many of the taxanes, are currently under investigation for the treatment of cutaneous malignant transformation of actinic keratoses, particularly the squamous cell carcinoma. Paclitaxel-loaded ethosomes® are proposed as topical drug delivery systems for the treatment of this pathology due to their suitable physicochemical characteristics and enhanced skin penetration ability for deep dermal delivery. Our in vitro data show that the skin application of paclitaxel-loaded ethosomes® improved the permeation of paclitaxel in a stratum corneum-epidermis membrane model and increased its anti-proliferative activity in a squamous cell carcinoma model as compared to the free drug. The results obtained encouraged the use of the paclitaxel-loaded ethosomes® as the formulation for the potential treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant transformation of actinic keratoses.European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics: official journal of Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V 03/2012; 81(1):102-12. · 3.15 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The effects of a lipid composition on the physico-chemical and technological properties of a multidrug carrier (MDC) containing both gemcitabine (GEM) and tamoxifen (TMX), as well as its in vitro antitumoral activity on different breast cancer cell lines, were investigated. In particular, the following three different liposomal formulations were prepared: DPPC/Chol/DSPE-mPEG2000 (6:3:1 molar ratio, formulation A), DPPC/Chol/DOTAP (6:3:1 molar ratio, formulation B) and DPPC/Chol/DPPG (6:3:1 molar ratio, formulation C). The colloidal systems were obtained by the TLE technique and the extrusion process allowed us to obtain vesicles having mean sizes of 150-200 nm, while the surface charges varied between 50 mV and -30 mV. Formulation A showed the best encapsulation efficiency between the two compounds and the presence of TMX influenced the release profile of GEM (hydrophilic compound) as a consequence of its effect on the fluidity of the bilayer. An MDC of formulation A was used to effectuate the in vitro cytotoxicity experiments (MTT-test) on MCF-7 and T47D cells. The liposomal MDC provided the best results with respect to the single drug tested in the free form or entrapped in the same liposomal formulation. The CLSM experiments showed a great degree of cell interaction of liposomal MDC after just 6h.International Journal of Pharmaceutics 11/2011; 422(1-2):229-37. · 3.99 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Two vesicular colloidal carriers, ethosomes® and transfersomes® were proposed for the topical delivery of linoleic acid, an active compound used in the therapeutic treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders, i.e. melasma, which is characterized by an increase of the melanin production in the epidermis. Dynamic light scattering was used for the physicochemical characterization of vesicles and mean size, size distribution and zeta potential were evaluated. The stability of formulations was also evaluated using the Turbiscan Lab® Expert based on the analysis of sample transmittance and photon backscattering. Ethosomes® and transfersomes® were prepared using Phospholipon 100 G®, as the lecithin component, and ethanol and sodium cholate, as edge activator agents, respectively. Linoleic acid at 0.05% and 0.1% (w/v) was used as the active ingredient and entrapped in colloidal vesicles. Technological parameters, i.e. entrapment efficacy, drug release and permeation profiles, were also investigated. Experimental findings showed that physicochemical and technological features of ethosomes® and transfersomes® were influenced by the lipid composition of the carriers. The percutaneous permeation experiments of linoleic acid-loaded ethosomes® and transfersomes® through human stratum corneum-epidermidis membranes showed that both carriers are accumulated in the skin membrane model as a function of their lipid compositions. The findings reported in this investigation showed that both vesicular carriers could represent a potential system for the topical treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.Biomedical Microdevices 09/2011; 14(1):119-30. · 2.72 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this investigation was to explore the potentiality of a novel animal model to be used for the in vivo evaluation of the ability of a drug delivery system to promote the passage through the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and/or to improve the brain localization of a bioactive compound. A Tween 80-coated poly-L-lactid acid nanoparticles was used as a model of colloidal drug delivery system, able to trespass the BBB. Tacrine, administered in LiCl pre-treated rats, induces electrocorticographic seizures and delayed hippocampal damage. The toxic effects of tacrine-loaded poly-L-lactid acid nanoparticles (5mg/kg), a saline solution of tacrine (5mg/kg) and an empty colloidal nanoparticle suspension were compared following i.p. administration in LiCl-pre-treated Wistar rats. All the animals treated with tacrine-loaded nanoparticles showed an earlier outcome of CNS adverse symptoms, i.e. epileptic onset, with respect to those animals treated with the free compound (10 min vs. 22 min respectively). In addition, tacrine-loaded nanoparticles administration induced damage of neuronal cells in CA1 field of the hippocampus in all treated animals, while the saline solution of tacrine only in 60% of animals. Empty nanoparticles provided similar results to control (saline-treated) group of animals. In conclusion, the evaluation of time-to-onset of symptoms and the severity of neurodegenerative processes induced by the tacrine-lithium model of epilepsy in the rat, could be used to evaluate preliminarily the capability of a drug delivery system to trespass (or not) the BBB in vivo.Neuroscience Letters 11/2009; 469(1):93-6. · 2.06 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The skin is the largest organ of our body and acts as a protective barrier with sensory and immunological functions. Its peculiar structure influences the passage of bioactives and only its modulation can facilitate the drug dermal/transdermal diffusion. In the past few years research in this field has assured better use of this application area. One of the most promising approaches is the use of drug delivery devices; this review explains the state of the art of drug transport through the skin by means of vesicular (classic liposomes, Transfersomes, niosomes and ethosomes) and particulate systems. Colloidal drug delivery systems are important in the field of drug delivery systems as their different characteristics make them suitable for various purposes.Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery 08/2008; 5(7):737-55. · 4.12 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The use of natural compounds has recently been reconsidered in modern clinical practice. A further advancement of these compounds is represented by the possibility of using innovative drug delivery systems that can improve the biopharmaceutical features of the delivered compounds. This review examines the recent developments in the field of delivery of natural drugs belonging to several therapeutic classes. In particular, the examined therapeutic classes are: antitumoral drugs, i.e. paclitaxel, doxorubicin, tea catechins and hypericin; anti-infective drugs, i.e. Melaleuca alternifolia and Artemisia arborescens L.; and antinflammatory/antioxidant drugs, i.e. cannabinoids and glycyrrhizinates used for topical application. In this review we highlight the utility of a suitable drug delivery system to improve the biopharmaceutical aspects of these drugs. The examined carriers are: vesicular carriers (liposomes, Ethosomes®, ultradeformable liposomes), nano- and microparticles, innovative gels, microemulsions.Current Bioactive Compounds 11/2007; 3(4):262-277.
Publication Stats
110 | Citations | |
45.61 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
Universita' degli Studi "Magna Græcia" di Catanzaro
- Department of Health Sciences
Catanzaro, Calabria, Italy


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Tags: mamori goya, paul lockheart, satsuki tsubame, venus gingerbread This entry was posted on Friday, November 2nd, 2012 at 12:00 am and is filed under DGN WebComic. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.
I thought Satsuki and Venus' conversation was supposed to be private?
guess a couple of people got tired of standing around waiting.
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Biography: Don LaFontaine was born on August 26, 1940, in Duluth, Minnesota, USA. He is best known for his work as a voiceover actor, and has worked on more than 4000 films and other projects. LaFontaine is 5' 8½", although his voice has been described as that of a 7 foot tall man who has been smoking since childhood. And it's Don LaFontaine's voice that is heard on most movie trailers, speaking famous phrases like "In a world where...", "A one-man army...", "Nowhere to run, nowhere to hide", and "From the bedroom to the boardroom..."
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Average career score: | 62 | |
Highest Metascore: | Santa vs. the Snowman | |
Lowest Metascore: | Santa vs. the Snowman |
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Santa vs. the Snowman | Nov 1, 2002 | Narrator | 5.0 |


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Footy from Joes Valley this fall, and Hueco Tanks the past 2 weeks. Big Boy, A River Runs Through It, 3 Years Dead and the Bitch still Burned Me, Yellow Diamonds V13FA, A Good Day for Swiss Crisp Mix, and Escape Velocity.
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text: As you might hope, this seemingly willful strangeness is no mere artsy wank. In fact, it's meta: Describing his life, Alan, in a lost, lonely, little-boy voice, says, "Something happens, and then something else." No causation, no reason; events just twist away from you "like a vanishing point." And that's just the way Red Tide works. There are no connections, and everything is frightfully arbitrary, just like the tragedies that turned the people onstage into these disintegrating monsters without the capacity to explain themselves; just like the red tide that appears out of nowhere in the ocean, killing whatever swims into it. Where is the border of all this foul nastiness? How to get clear of it? Juan Sanchez doesn't know any more than we do, but it's awfully nice of him to ask.


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Palgrave Macmillan 2004; US$ 120.00Many countries now use agencies rather than ministries to deliver central government services. There have been many claims about the benefits of organizing and delivering government in this way, but there has been little research into how they work in practice. Agencies both reviews existing theories and models of 'agentification' and adds detailed... more...
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Hope she gets the bailoutSubmitted by Guest Tax (not verified) on Fri, 03/06/2009 - 12:02pm.
Hope she gets the bailout cash soon so she can pay back the NC Sate Education Lottery Fund which she will take $88 million from to help pay state tax refunds.....
Bailout verses Bailout!
Hardy Har Har Har!
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Immunization Certificate Training and Diabetes Certificate Training are offered through NCAP periodically. Check the Calendar of Events for upcoming programs.
This course can be used for reciprocity into North Carolina or for those who want an update on Pharmacy Law and Quality Assurance. Pharmacist Online Refresher Course This course is designed for pharmacists who wish to return to community pharmacy practice after an absence from practice for three or more years. More information here.
Our one-day review seminar has something for all technicians. Prepare for the Pharmacy Technician Certification Board Exam or if you are already certified, earn 7 hours of CE credit. These review seminars are offered throughout the year in various locations across the state. Please check the Meeting & Events Calendar for more information. Cost including Exam Review Workbook: $75.
North Carolina Immunization Registry Pharmacy User Webinar
This video is a resource for trainers who will participate in HB832 registry roll-out across North Carolina. This web training was created by the North Carolina Immunization Registry staff. It reviews HB832, the North Carolina Immunization Registry, and the process through which immunizing pharmacists gain access to, and document administered vaccines into the registry. This training is provided as a service by the North Carolina Association of Pharmacists. You may view below or view on Vimeo here.
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