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Publications (21)79.43 Total impact
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ABSTRACT: Microparticles (MPs) are submicron vesicles released from cell membranes in response to activation, cell injury, or apoptosis. The clinical importance of MPs has become increasingly recognized, although no standardized method exists for their measurement. Flow cytometry (FCM) is the most commonly used technique, however, because of the small size of MPs, and the limitations of current FCM instrumentation, accurate identification is compromised by this methodology. We decided to investigate whether the use of FCM combined with imaging, such as is possible with the ImagestreamX imaging FC (ISX), would be a more sensitive approach to characterizing MPs. Combining FCM with imaging eliminates some of the limitations demonstrated by conventional FCM, whereas also providing morphological confirmation and the ability to distinguish true single events from aggregates and cell debris. The detection limit of standard nonspecialized FCM is suboptimal when compared to ISX. Evaluating MPs below 0.200 µm and sizing remain a challenge as some MPs remain below the detection limit of ISX. Standardized calibrators, that more closely reflect the physical characteristics of MPs, need further development. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.Cytometry Part A 06/2014; · 3.71 Impact Factor - Advances in the Etiology, Pathogenesis and Pathology of Vasculitis, 10/2011; , ISBN: 978-953-307-651-5
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ABSTRACT: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are a novel and valuable marker of endothelial damage in a variety of vascular disorders. There is limited information as to CEC counts and the time course of CECs in subtypes of stroke. We studied 49 patients with stroke (18 with atherothrombotic infarction in the territory of the middle cerebral artery, 16 with cardioembolic stroke, and 15 with lacunar stroke). We also included 16 healthy controls and 64 disease controls. CECs were isolated and enumerated with lectin-augmented CD146-driven immunomagnetic isolation. Neurologic deficit was assessed with the European Stroke Scale (ESS) and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Recovery was assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS). Healthy controls had low numbers of CECs (median, 8 cells/mL; mean, 9 cells/mL; range, 0-16 cells/mL; n = 16). Patients with stroke had markedly elevated numbers of CECs at presentation. Patients with atherothrombotic infarction had 32 cells per milliliter (mean, 42 cells/mL; range, 24-116 cells/mL; n = 18; P < .001 when compared to controls). Patients with lacunar stroke had 68 cells per milliliter (mean, 68 cells/mL; range, 8-144 cells/mL; n = 15; P < .001 when compared to controls). Patients with cardioembolic stroke had 46 cells per milliter (mean, 54 cells/mL; range, 24-116 cells/mL; n = 16; P < .001 when compared to healthy controls). There was a tendency towards higher numbers of CECs in lacunar stroke. The number of CECs peaked at day 7 in patients with atherothrombotic infarction and came back to normal at day 90. In contrast, CECs in patients with acute lacunar stroke and cardioembolic stroke decreased progressively until day 90. CECs are markers of endothelial damage and/or repair in stroke. Differences during the course of disease are likely to reflect different pathophysiology.Journal of stroke and cerebrovascular diseases: the official journal of National Stroke Association 08/2011; 21(6):452-8. · 1.99 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Higher rates of acute rejection (AR) and reduced graft survival have been reported in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, but an association between these factors remains controversial. In this study, serial protocol biopsies (PBs) and clinically indicated biopsies (IBs) from a large cohort of renal allograft recipients (n ¼ 594) were analyzed to examine the relation between CMV and AR. Patients with CMV were more likely to receive IB (85 of the 153 patients; 56%) compared to patients without CMV (138 of 441 patients; 32%; P = 0.003). However, this did not translate into a greater number of patients with episodes of acute cellular rejection on histopathology in IBs. Analysis of PBs revealed a significantly higher number of episodes of rejection per patient with CMV infection (P = 0.04), but only in a subgroup of patients with triple immunosuppression. Long-term graft function post-transplantation was analyzed in four different subgroups according to CMV infection and/or AR. Differences in renal function were apparent within the first 6 weeks after transplantation and persisted during follow-up, with the best renal function in patients without AR or CMV, whereas patients with both AR and CMV had the worst (P < 0.012 at 1 year; P < 0.001 at 2 years). On average, the latter group had significantly older donors and more often delayed graft function. Our data suggests that the link between CMV and AR is far less significant than previously thought. Outcome in patients with CMV may be more determined by coexisting conditions like high donor age and delayed graft function.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 06/2011; 27(1):435-43. · 3.37 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: About 30 years ago circulating endothelial cells (CEC) were first observed in peripheral blood. Since then CEC have been established as a reliable indicator of vascular injury and damage and more sophisticated detection techniques, such as immunomagnetic isolation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), have become available. However even today there remains controversy as to the best approach to isolate and enumerate these cells. Here, we review the isolation and enumeration of CEC with an emphasis on CD146-driven immunomagnetic isolation and FACS as the two competing techniques. We describe advantages and pitfalls of both approaches. Moreover, we provide a list of clinical studies in this field and describe the possible clinical utility of CEC as a surrogate marker for vascular damage and dysfunction. In addition, we review the phenotype of CEC and discuss mechanisms of detachment. Recent evidence has also revealed interesting interactions between CEC and healthy endothelium in vitro although the relevance of these findings for human vascular disease in vivo remains unclear. Finally, we highlight differences between circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In summary, CEC must be regarded as a sensitive and specific marker of endothelial damage as well as a potential mediator in vascular disease.Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy 12/2010; 5(4):294-302. · 2.86 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The clinical importance of microparticles resulting from vesiculation of platelets and other blood cells is increasingly recognized, although no standardized method exists for their measurement. Only a few studies have examined the analytical and preanalytical steps and variables affecting microparticle detection. We focused our analysis on microparticle detection by flow cytometry. The goal of our study was to analyze the effects of different centrifugation protocols looking at different durations of high and low centrifugation speeds. We also analyzed the effect of filtration of buffer and long-term freezing on microparticle quantification, as well as the role of Annexin V in the detection of microparticles. Absolute and platelet-derived microparticles were 10- to 15-fold higher using initial lower centrifugation speeds at 1500 × g compared with protocols using centrifugation speeds at 5000 × g (P < 0.01). A clear separation between true events and background noise was only achieved using higher centrifugation speeds. Filtration of buffer with a 0.2 μm filter reduced a significant amount of background noise. Storing samples for microparticle detection at -80°C decreased microparticle levels at days 28, 42, and 56 (P < 0.05 for all comparisons with fresh samples). We believe that staining with Annexin V is necessary to distinguish true events from cell debris or precipitates. Buffers should be filtered and fresh samples should be analyzed, or storage periods will have to be standardized. Higher centrifugation speeds should be used to minimize contamination by smaller size platelets.Vascular Health and Risk Management 01/2010; 6:1125-33. -
Article: ANCA-associated vasculitis: pathogenesis, novel markers of the disease and emerging therapies.
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ABSTRACT: Much has been learned in recent years on the pathogenesis of ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis. The interaction of primed neutrophils with ANCA and endothelial cells is crucial to the disease. Next we gained a better understanding, from animal models, of the pathogenetic importance of the ANCA antibody. Very recent evidence provides intriguing data regarding the link between infection and vasculitis, LAMP-2 antibodies as novel markers, and NETs as a novel pathogenetic mechanism. It remains to be seen whether others are able to corroborate these findings and whether testing for LAMP-2 antibodies will become part of the clinical routine in vasculitis. Recent years also saw the emergence of various new markers of endothelial damage and the disease itself, such as circulating endothelial cells and endothelial microparticles. These novel markers correlate well with disease activity; they may well complement traditional diagnostic tools, such as ANCA testing. Preliminary evidence has provided some insight into the balance between endothelial damage and repair. Exciting preliminary data also indicate that circulating endothelial cells may not only be markers of disease activity but that these cells may have pathogenetic importance in their own right. These findings may have profound implications for the pathogenesis of vasculitis and vascular disease in general. Recent years also saw the publication of a number of seminal studies for the treatment of ANCA-associated vasculitis. We now have a much better understanding of the role of pulse intravenous cyclophosphamide and plasma exchange than ten or even five years ago. Further studies must now show whether plasma exchange is also beneficial for less severely ill patients with AASV. Finally, as ever, it is hoped that further progress in understanding the disease pathogenesis will also provide more tailored and less toxic therapies.Minerva urologica e nefrologica = The Italian journal of urology and nephrology 12/2009; 61(4):411-37. · 0.70 Impact Factor -
Article: Endothelial-derived thrombospondin-1 promotes macrophage recruitment and apoptotic cell clearance.
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ABSTRACT: Rapid apoptotic cell engulfment is crucial for prevention of inflammation and autoimmune diseases and is conducted by special immunocompetent cells like macrophages or immature dendritic cells. We recently demonstrated that endothelial cells (ECs) also participate in apoptotic cell clearance. However, in contrast to conventional phagocytes they respond with an inflammatory phenotype. To further confirm these pro-inflammatory responses human ECs were exposed to apoptotic murine ECs and changes in thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) expression and in activation of intracellular signalling cascades were determined by real-time qPCR, immunoblotting and immunocytochemistry. Human primary macrophages or monocytic lymphoma cells (U937) were incubated with conditioned supernatant of human ECs exposed to apoptotic cells and changes in activation, migration and phagocytosis were monitored. Finally, plasma levels of TSP-1 in patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody(ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) were determined by ELISA. We provided evidence that apoptotic cells induce enhanced expression of TSP-1 in human ECs and that this increase in TSP-1 is mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1 and 2 and their upstream regulators MEK and B-Raf. We also showed that plasma TSP-1 levels are increased in patients with AAV. Finally, we showed that conditioned supernatant of ECs exposed to apoptotic cells induces pro-inflammatory responses in monocytes or U937 cells and demonstrated that increased TSP-1 expression enhances migration and facilitates engulfment of apoptotic cells by monocyte-derived macrophages or U937 cells. These findings suggest that under pathological conditions with high numbers of uncleared dying cells in the circulation endothelial-derived elevated TSP-1 level may serve as an attraction signal for phagocytes promoting enhanced recognition and clearance of apoptotic cells.Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 07/2009; 14(7):1922-34. · 3.70 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Endothelial cells play a central pathogenetic role in ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis (AAV). Circulating endothelial cells (CECs), as a marker of endothelial damage, have been shown to be elevated in vasculitis. More recently, endothelial microparticles (EMPs) were found to be increased in active childhood vasculitis. The role of EMP in adult AAV and the relationship between EMP and CEC is unclear. We studied 26 patients with AAV, 12 healthy volunteers and 10 patients with IgA nephropathy as disease control. Platelet-poor plasma was ultracentrifuged. MPs were identified and enumerated with flow cytometry, Annexin V, CD62E and CD105 antibodies. Leucocyte- and platelet-derived MPs were also measured. CEC were isolated and enumerated with CD146-driven immuno-magnetic isolation. EMPs are significantly elevated in patients with active vasculitis (CD62E: mean 248 MP/microl +/- 198 s.d.; CD105: 121 +/- 135/microl) compared with patients in remission/partial remission (CD62E: 55 +/- 30/microl, P = 0.001; CD105: 16 +/- 12/microl, P = 0.002) and healthy volunteers (CD62E: 66 +/- 33/microl, P = 0.002; CD105: 25 +/- 26/microl, P = 0.007). The MP count correlates with disease activity measured by the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS) (CD62E: r = 0.703; CD105: r = 0.445, P < 0.023). EMPs are elevated in active adult AAV. EMP levels correlate with disease activity and might serve as a marker of endothelial activation and damage. Differential detection of endothelial, platelet- and leucocyte-derived MPs may provide more insight in to the pathogenesis of AAV.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) 10/2008; 47(12):1820-5. · 4.44 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: B-cell depletion with rituximab, a chimeric anti-CD20 antibody, is a novel treatment for refractory and relapsing ANCA-associated small-vessel vasculitis. Data are limited and most reports describe single patients or small numbers of patients followed prospectively. We report a single-centre experience with 15 patients who received rituximab for refractory or relapsing ANCA-associated vasculitis. All patients had been treated with corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide and a variety of other second-line immunosuppressive agents. None of the patients had evidence of infection and received four infusions of 375 mg/m(2) of rituximab. Disease activity was assessed in accordance with the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). BVAS, C-reactive protein and ANCA titres were recorded at baseline and during follow-up. B-cell depletion was achieved in all patients. Partial or complete remission was seen in 14 of 15 patients with a significant decline in BVAS compared to baseline (P < 0.007). One patient with granulomatous ANCA-associated vasculitis did not respond to rituximab. There were no side effects during rituximab infusion. Transient leucopenia was observed in two patients. One patient with bronchial stenosis died of pneumonia 5.5 months after the initiation of rituximab treatment. One initially anti-HBc-positive/HBsAg-negative patient experienced a reactivation of hepatitis B, developed end-stage renal failure and died after refusal of dialysis. We report the largest case series of rituximab use for ANCA-associated vasculitis so far. Our data support that the drug is capable of inducing partial or complete remission in refractory or relapsing patients. Leucopenia and infectious complications remain a matter of concern.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 08/2008; 24(1):179-85. · 3.37 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Acute tubular injury (ATI) is commonly observed in renal allografts, especially early after transplantation. This study analyzes prevalence and associated clinical conditions of ATI in serial protocol biopsies (pBx) and indication biopsies (iBx), and its impact on long-term graft function. 612 pBx from 204 patients taken at 6 weeks, 3 and 6 months, and 151 iBx performed within the first year of transplantation were evaluated. Prevalence of ATI in pBx was 40% (6 weeks), 34% (3 months) and 37% (6 months), and 46% in iBx. ATI was associated with delayed graft function and prolonged cold ischemia time in pBx, and with acute rejections in iBx. The GFR at 1 and 2 years after transplantation correlated inversely with the frequency of ATI in both pBx and iBx (p < 0.001). Prevalence of chronic changes at 6 months was not significantly related to ATI (patients without ATI: 36%, patients with multiple ATI findings: 54%). ATI is linked to inferior long-term graft function. While this suggests lack of recovery from ATI with permanent allograft damage, the underlying molecular mechanisms need yet to be uncovered. Prevention of the potential pathogenetic factors identified in this study might be the key point to attain good long-term graft function.American Journal of Transplantation 06/2008; 8(8):1684-93. · 6.19 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Preeclampsia is a disorder of endothelial cells, and novel markers of the disease are eagerly awaited. We tested the hypothesis that circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are elevated in preeclampsia and that cell numbers correlate with disease activity. CECs were measured in 10 patients with preeclampsia as well as pregnant and nonpregnant controls. Cells were enumerated prior to delivery, 1 and 3-5 days thereafter. Enumeration of CECs was performed with anti-CD 146-driven immunomagnetic isolation and subsequent Ulex lectin staining. Markedly elevated CEC numbers were detected in women with preeclampsia (median 88 cells/mL; P < .001) when compared with normal pregnancies (median 16 cells/mL) and healthy nonpregnant women (12 cells/mL). There was a significant correlation of CEC numbers and systolic blood pressure (P < .02). A rapid decline of cell numbers after delivery paralleled the clinical recovery. Circulating endothelial cells are a novel marker of vascular damage in preeclampsia.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology 04/2008; 198(3):317.e1-5. · 3.97 Impact Factor - Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 07/2007; 22(7):2063-7. · 3.49 Impact Factor
Article: Engulfment of apoptotic cells by microvascular endothelial cells induces proinflammatory responses.
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ABSTRACT: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) have been detected in a variety of vascular disorders, but their interactions with healthy endothelium remain unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of human endothelial cells (ECs) to apoptotic or necrotic ECs in an in vitro model and to delineate pathogenetic pathways. Here we show that incubation of the human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) with apoptotic ECs resulted in increased expression of chemokines and enhanced binding of leukocytes to HMEC-1 cells, whereas exposure of HMEC-1 cells to necrotic ECs caused no changes in leukocyte-binding affinity. Both apoptotic and necrotic cells were bound and engulfed by HMEC-1 cells and primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). We therefore suggest that exposures to apoptotic and necrotic ECs induce different patterns of chemokine synthesis and leukocyte adhesion in healthy ECs. These data indicate that CECs are not only markers of vascular damage but may induce proinflammatory signals in the endothelium.Blood 05/2007; 109(7):2854-62. · 9.78 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) were first described over 30 years ago in smears of peripheral blood. Since then, more sophisticated techniques for CEC isolation have become available. In particular, immunomagnetic isolation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) have been employed with success. We provide a short historical perspective and a comprehensive review on the subject. We review isolation and enumeration of CECs with an emphasis on CD146-driven immunomagnetic isolation and FACS. We describe, in great detail, advantages and pitfalls of both approaches and compare their specificity. Moreover, we provide a comprehensive list of clinical studies in this field and describe the possible clinical use of CECs. We also describe the phenotype of these cells and list typical surface markers. In addition, we review the phenotype of CECs and discuss mechanisms of detachment. We speculate about potential interactions between CECs and other cell subsets. We also describe other serum markers of endothelial damage and compare CECs with these markers. Finally, we highlight differences between circulating endothelial cells and endothelial progenitor cells. In summary, CECs must now be regarded as a sensitive and specific marker of endothelial damage. We emphasize that use of CECs in a clinical setting is on the horizon and pathogenetic clues may also be obtained.Clinica Chimica Acta 12/2006; 373(1-2):17-26. · 2.76 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) are a reliable marker of disease activity in a variety of vascular disorders. Damage to microvascular endothelial cells is a hallmark of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA). The aim of this study is to identify and count CECs during the course of TMA and evaluate whether cell numbers may serve as a prognostic marker in patients undergoing plasma exchange. Fifteen patients (8 women, 7 men) aged 31 to 66 years with TMA of different causes were studied before and after 4 sessions of plasma exchange. CECs were isolated by using anti-CD146-driven immunomagnetic isolation and counted after staining with Ulex Europaeus lectin-1. Numbers of CECs were markedly elevated in all patients before treatment (64 to 672 CEC/mL; mean, 320 +/- 205 CEC/mL) compared with healthy controls (0 to 16 CEC/mL; mean, 6.4 +/- 4.2 CEC/mL; P < 0.001). Patients with a favorable outcome had significantly greater initial CEC levels (mean, 426 +/- 175 CEC/mL; P < 0.001), and cell numbers decreased significantly after 4 treatments of plasma exchange (mean, 101 +/- 53 CEC/mL; P = 0.001). Patients with disease unresponsive to plasma exchange presented with lower initial CEC levels (mean, 108 +/- 36 CEC/mL), and numbers failed to decrease after plasma exchange (mean, 114 +/- 57 CEC/mL; P = 0.827). Markedly elevated numbers of CECs reflect severe and widespread endothelial damage in patients with TMA. Cell numbers at presentation and their degree of decrease after 4 sessions of plasma exchange could provide important prognostic clues.American Journal of Kidney Diseases 11/2006; 48(4):564-70. · 5.76 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: See also Bonello L, Basire A, Sabatier F, Paganelli F, Dignat-George F. Endothelial injury induced by coronary angioplasty triggers mobilization of endothelial progenitor cells in patients with stable coronary artery disease. This issue, pp 979–81.Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 06/2006; 4(5):976-8. · 5.55 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Circulating endothelial cells (CECs) have been identified as markers of vascular damage in a variety of disorders, such as myocardial infarction, vasculitis, and transplantation. CD146-driven immunomagnetic isolation has gained widespread use, but the technique is hampered by the lack of a definition of CECs and the absence of a consensus for their enumeration. To evaluate several variables influencing immunomagnetic isolation of CECs, formulate a definition for CECs and propose a consensus protocol for their enumeration. We devised a protocol based on CD146-driven immunomagnetic isolation and a subsequent confirmatory step with Ulex-Europaeus-Lectin-1 staining. In a multi-center effort, we evaluated the preanalytical and analytical phases of this protocol. We evaluated the effects of storage, anticoagulation and density centrifugation, and compiled previous experience with this technique. Our protocol permitted unequivocal identification of CECs with acceptable reproducibility. There was an effect of storage time in that median cell numbers declined to only 87.5% of their baseline values during 24 h of storage at 4 degrees C. Recovery was lower with citrate than with ethylene-diamine tetra-acetic acid after 4 h of storage; density centrifugation was also associated with lower recovery. We provide a comprehensive list of technical recommendations and potential pitfalls. Finally, based on our experience with this protocol and a recent consensus workshop, we formulated a working definition for CECs. Our work represents an important step toward consensus regarding the CECs. Our recommendations represent the experience of three major centers and should now be scrutinized by others in the field.Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 04/2006; 4(3):671-7. · 5.55 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: To evaluate numbers of circulating endothelial cells (CECs) in ANCA associated vasculitis and compare vasculitic relapse with limited granulomatous disease. Sixteen patients with vasculitic relapse of ANCA associated vasculitis and 12 patients with limited granulomatous disease due to Wegener's granulomatosis (WG) were studied. Six patients with newly diagnosed vasculitic disease and six patients with vasculitis with infectious complications were also studied. Twenty two patients in remission were studied, as were 20 healthy controls. Counting of CECs was performed with anti-CD146 driven immunomagnetic isolation and staining with Ulex Europaeus lectin 1(UEA-1). Patients with vasculitic relapse had markedly increased numbers of circulating endothelial cells (12-800 cells/ml, median 88 cells/ml) as did patients with newly diagnosed systemic vasculitis (20-216 cells/ml, median 56 cells/ml). Patients with limited granulomatous disease due to WG had only slightly increased cell numbers (4-44 cells/ml, median 20 cells/ml), which were similar to those of patients in remission (4-36 cells/ml, median 16 cells/ml). Numbers of CECs in patients with granulomatous disease were significantly lower than in those patients with relapse or new onset vasculitis (p<0.001). Cell numbers in patients with relapse and new onset vasculitis declined with immunosuppressive treatment. Patients with infection had 4-36 cells/ml (median 10 cells/ml). A cut off value of 20 cells/ml for a positive result yielded 64% specificity and 95% sensitivity for active systemic vasculitis; the positive predictive value was 63% and the negative predictive value 95%. Markedly increased numbers of CECs discriminate active vasculitis from limited granulomatous disease and remission. These findings add further proof to the concept of CECs as a marker of ANCA associated small vessel vasculitis.Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 03/2006; 65(2):164-8. · 9.27 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Barbara Ballermann—Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA Ronald Falk is Professor of Medicine and Pathology at the University of North Carolina School of Medicine. His contributions to the field of glomerulonephritis are numerous and internationally recognized. His work has been crucial in defining the mechanisms of ANCA-induced glomerular capillary inflammation. He and his co-authors present here a scholarly review of the currently known molecular mechanisms of glomerulonephritis. The comprehensive tables contained in their review should prove especially useful in making steps towards the discovery of new therapeutic agents.Drug Discovery Today Disease Mechanisms 10/2004; 1(1):73-81.
Publication Stats
467 | Citations | |
79.43 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
University of Virginia
- Department of Medicine
Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
Hannover Medical School
- Institute for Pathology
Hanover, Lower Saxony, Germany
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
- Department of Medicine
North Carolina, United States


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♀Come Join Us @ The Rainbow Room♀
We are a group that supports and are part of the alternative love lifestyle. This means lesbians, bisexuals, transgenders, those who are curious, and those who are straightbut def support this group!
We are extremely private, we allow NO violations of rules, we are 0 tolerance on drama, and we stick by the rules.
To join, click the siggy below! We are active, no drama allowed, fun group and accept everyone!
can you believe we are almost to 700 members? many o which are active and love participating in the fun and conversations! i had no idea how active it would get!
Quoting MrsReticent:I <3 the group! I've been an admin there since forever and we have a TON of amazing personalites as part of our online family! :)

subset: commoncrawl


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Latest LeSaint Logistics Stories
CHICAGO, June 12, 2014 /PRNewswire/ -- LeSaint Logistics, a nationally recognized provider of warehousing, inventory control, transportation management and technology solutions, has named Bill
ROMEOVILLE, Ill., April 5, 2011 /PRNewswire/ -- LeSaint Logistics, a top 3PL provider based outside of Chicago, announces major enhancements to TransTech(TM), their transportation management system.
ROMEOVILLE, Ill., April 7 /PRNewswire/ -- Helping to keep treadmills, elliptical cross-trainers, exercise bikes and other fitness systems up and running - both literally and figuratively - LeSaint Logistics, a 3PL provider headquartered near Chicago, has contracted with exercise equipment manufacturer Life Fitness to manage the company's parts business on a global level, from warehousing to fulfillment to transportation. By teaming with LeSaint Logistics, Life Fitness is able to ensure the...
ROMEOVILLE, Ill., Nov. 3 /PRNewswire/ -- Turtle Wax(R), world leader in car care, has chosen LeSaint Logistics, a top third-party logistics provider based in the Chicago area, as the provider of Turtle Wax's warehousing, fulfillment and transportation needs.
- The deadly nightshade, Atropa Belladonna, which possesses stupefying or poisonous properties.
- A sleeping-potion; a soporific.
- To mutter deliriously.


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Statements in Stone: Monuments and Society in Neolithic Brittany
The megalithic monuments of Western Europe cover a period of over 2,000 years, from the earliest neolithic to the beginning of the Bronze Age, and have excited the popular imagination for centuries. Based on the evidence of recent excavations, and the most up-to-date and controversial theoretical perspectives of archaeology, Statements in Stone is the first account to put the megalithic traditions of Brittany in a social context and to develop a social model to account for their emergence and development.
Additional information
Place of publication:
- New York
- 1993


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Nearly three years ago, in the fall of 2008, I had just started the four-year saga known as "the dual-degree program" at EMU, between the Center for Justice and Peacebuilding (CJP) and the Seminary. There I was, a small-town Iowa boy, learning conflict analysis with Lisa Schirch and restorative justice with Howard Zehr. Around me ...More
- Ali Gohar: Seeking to win minds and hearts in Pakistan with a carrot, not a stick
- Envisioning the Future
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French Quarter Wall Mural
Capture the feel of New Orleans with cafe walls and wrought-iron details with these step-by-step instructions.
Materials and Tools:
satin latex paints (reds, greens, copper, terra cotta)
paint pens (beige and brown)
sponge-roller cover
painter's tape
1. Apply the base-coat colors and let dry. The difference in the final look comes from the additional color choices layered over the top (be sure to allow each layer to dry before adding another). A darker red over the red café wall imitates the red base color in the shadows, a lighter warm red highlights the color in sunlight, and a touch of green shows up in a various places. The colors for the jazz-club wall start with copper and are layered with the red from the café walls for the shadow color, as well as two shades of green.
2. Add the deeper red to the cafe walls by applying paint sparingly to the sponge roller and lightly going over the entire wall surface to give it a random coating. If it's too heavy, use the base-coat color like an eraser and roll over the heavy areas. Let dry.
3. Go over the wall the same way with lighter red.
4. For the dark green, just put the tips of the sponge roller in the tray and lightly touch it here and there on the surface.
5. Add finishing touches by pushing the dark red paint into the corners of the room and drawing some cracks in the walls.
6. For the jazz club walls, add the darker red with a sponge roller just along the edges and in spotty areas across the building. Repeat with dark green and beige. Once satisfied, go over the top with the terra-cotta base coat to lessen the effect even more.
7. For the brick wall, use a sponge roller to go over the dark green with a lighter green, which in the end will be the mortar lines. Once dry, tape off the bricks by eye rather than with a level so they look more realistic. Use sponge rollers to add layers of four different beige tones. It's best if the colors aren't applied evenly — it makes the bricks look more lifelike.
8. Remove the tape and add shadows and highlights with paint pens. Decide the light source first, and then make one side edge and the top of each brick light and the opposite sides dark to add dimension.
9. Paint wrought-iron details around the outer edges and below the chair rail of the brick wall by hand or with a stencil. Augment the design with gray highlights over the black.
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Egypt's Incomplete Revolution: The Challenge of Post-Mubarak Authoritarianism
While Hosni Mubarak awaits trial the security state he built is fighting for its survival and, with the help of Egypt's Supreme Council of the Armed Forces, may pull through. As the clock ticks toward September parliamentary polls, the champions of January 25th are struggling to raze Mubarak's apparatus and erect an accountable government. Unfortunately, they have been obstructed by the army council that vowed to lead a democratic transition. The SCAF's reassurances will mean little unless it heeds renascent crowds in Tahrir and culls the security apparatus still menacing Egyptian families.
During the January 25th Revolution, a groundswell of decentralized but well coordinated opposition overpowered the Egyptian regime's main coercive institutions. But when Egyptian soldiers rolled in on tanks and armored personnel carriers, demonstrators embraced them as liberators. Only a week and a half later, after protesters in Tahrir withstood deadly assaults by armed thugs and showed no signs of relenting, did the SCAF accede to popular calls for Mubarak's resignation.
The country's generals, though, did not return to the barracks, repeal the Emergency Law (a core aim of January 25th organizers), or transfer executive power to a civilian-led transitional committee. Eschewing transparency and public representation, the SCAF began sending delegates to meet with selected groups—a method that recalled Mubarak's superficial of "dialogue" in prior years. Those not given an audience with the country's top brass were left broadcasting their grievances through fresh rallies in Tahrir. In late June, massive police force threatened to crush this last lever for holding the SCAF to its own democratic vows.
When families and comrades of fallen demonstrators demanded Ministry of Interior personnel be held accountable for deaths of some 850 Egyptians (and the serious injuries of thousands more), they were met with waves of tear gas and truncheons. The escalation of repression in Tahrir during the last week of June eerily recalled protesters' victory months earlier. It also signaled that the revolution was not yet complete and, in the absence of decisive action by the SCAF, only mass collective action would banish security from Egyptians' private lives and national politics.
In the five months since the military entered the fray, demonstrators have effected a series of major changes that otherwise would have been inconceivable: Mubarak's ouster (February 11), Prime Minister Ahmed Shafiq's resignation (March 3), and the investigation of Mubarak and his sons (begun April 11). These victories for the new opposition vanguard, however, have shown the limits of the SCAF's vision and verve to establish democracy. Sidelining or even prosecuting Mubarak and his most reviled myrmidons targets the ex-ruler without changing the rules and practices of his regime. Whereas the army has ostentatiously, almost eagerly, discarded the symbols of Mubarak's era (even rebranding "State Security" as National Security), they have quietly preserved his security operations.
Facile anti-Mubarakism should not be mistaken for democratization. On the contrary, selective populism without popular sovereignty is a quick route to post-Mubarak authoritarianism.
To fathom the threat posed to the accomplishments of the January 25th Movement and the Youth Coalition spearheading subsequent protests, observers should consider the recent history of Mubarak's domestic enforcers, the success of nonviolent demonstrators overcoming them (no thanks to the army), and the risk that without far-reaching bureaucratic reforms the matrix of Egyptian repression will return as vicious as before but with fresh scores to settle. While activists prepare to reoccupy Tahrir, journalists and scholars should turn some of their energy from the second-order problem of electoral engineering and consider the urgent task of deconstructing a security state.
Repression in Retreat
If the Egyptian repressive apparatus were a country it would be more populous than Qatar (including non-citizens). Estimates of recent years put the Ministry of Interior's personnel at 1.5 million, not including informants. Egypt's top cop thus commands a staff almost four times as large as the Egyptian military. His resources are equally prodigious. While forty percent of Egyptians lived on less than $2 a day, the annual budget of Minister of Interior Habib Al Adly (1997-2011) had recently topped $1 billion and begun outpacing the army's revenue stream.
This behemoth encapsulates the dreaded State Security Investigations Services (SSIS, now National Security Agency), a lightning rod for opposition no matter what it is named. Under police czar (and now convict) Al Adly, the moles and thugs of SSIS permeated political parties, syndicates, university life, and elections.
Two other agencies also share the mission of domestic security. Thanks to Mubarak's fears of rival officers, the SSIS steadily eclipsed Egypt's Military Intelligence Directorate (MID), based in the Ministry of Defense. The MID, though, was never disbanded and it resurfaced to notoriety during the revolution. The MID also staffed the country's premier security force, the General Intelligence Directorate (GID).
Known simply as the mukhabarat, the GID targeted dissidents inside Egypt and abroad, led for over half of Mubarak's tenure by military intelligence veteran Omar Suleiman (1993-2011). Suleiman became the eminence grise of extraordinary renditions and was credited with defeating Egypt's Islamic militants in the 1990s. His successor, still in place today, is another Mubarak military appointee, Murad Muwafi, previously governor of the destitute North Sinai.
The public visage of Egypt's coercive Leviathan is the three hundred thousand conscripts of Egypt's Central Security Forces (CSF). In the 2000s the black garbed CSF corralled demonstrations with their plexiglass shields and primitive cudgels. Meanwhile, the muscle work of dispersing rallies often went to Al Adly's plain clothed thugs (the infamous "bultagiya").
Analysts and participants trace the latest opposition cohort to the pre-"Kefaya" protests of the second Palestinian intifada (in 2000). Hence this massive security infrastructure carried Mubarak through a decade of bold opposition, blunting major protests to the Iraq War (March 2003), the Lebanon War (summer 2006), and Operation Cast Lead (winter 2008-2009) while undermining new organizations like Ayman Nour's Ghad Party. In late January 2011, though, Mubarak's repression machine ground to a halt.
During the revolution Mubarak's previously unbeatable security forces faced their greatest battle against domestic dissent and lost spectacularly. Crucially, the CSF proved a paper tiger, more effective at deterring protest than suppressing it. Young and old Egyptians braved water cannons and tear gas canisters to reach Tahrir (Liberation) Square. As marchers pressed on, they forced the conscripts and their armored vehicles aside.
Over a few short days, protesters in Cairo and other major cities had outmaneuvered and then outnumbered the phalanxes of the CSF. Its shock troops routed, the Ministry of Interior completely withdrew its uniformed personnel, even traffic cops, from the streets. Al Adly's resignation, a long standing goal of the Egyptian opposition, soon followed.
As the Egyptian army rolled in and the police disappeared, the security state gained a chance to re-constitute itself after facing an existential threat. No appointment signified the latent power of security more than spymaster Suleiman's assumption of the vice presidency. Nearly a week into the crisis, Mubarak was rearranging the deck chairs, not reversing course, and only because of an unprecedented and unpredictable groundswell. Like their commander, the Egyptian generals acted to save the security state from a coup de grace at the hands of millions.
It was evident early on that Mubarak's friends in the Obama administration hoped he could regain control through an "orderly transition" to Suleiman. SCAF officers shared that attitude, describing to American journalists that they backed Mubarak when civilian protesters first took to the streets: "At the beginning, we gave the presidential institution the full opportunity to manage events. If it were able to succeed, nothing would have happened." The problem was not a surfeit of repression but a deficit. Only when the masses overwhelmed Mubarak's forces did the army move against him: "[His forces] were incapable of responding to the events. . . . On Feb. 10, there were demonstrations that amounted to millions of people all over the country."
This self-indictment—which dispels the SCAF's image as democratic ferrymen—helps explain how Egypt's top brass approached dissent in subsequent months. Instead of reforming the Egyptian state from peak to base, the military adopted a conservative, defensive strategy. As they reacted to public rallies and professional strikes, magnanimous gestures took the place of holistic reforms. Even the SCAF's sporadic deference to outside opinion betrayed a readiness to arrest and intimidate those who contest their writ.
By their own admission, the generals are not self-abnegating stewards but shareholders in the authoritarian status quo. Their investment in the system extends far beyond substantial holdings in the national economy. They are enmeshed in the Ministry of Interior, General Intelligence Directorate, and other unaccountable bureaucracies. Like elites everywhere, unless pressed toward a more costly alternative they will not relinquish their privileges nor challenge those of their partners and adjuncts. Thus, as the past week shows, the SCAF prefers repressing young activists and families of martyrs to reining in the Ministry of Interior.
Re-Stating the Egyptian State
Until recently, bureaucratic reform and official accountability drew less attention in post-Mubarak Egypt than elections and constitutional planning. In the March 19 referendum the liberal-leftist nucleus of the January 25th Movement saw its arguments against the SCAF's constitutional amendments swamped by a 77% "Yes" vote. The outcome locked in the SCAF's brisk timeline for elections: for parliament in September and the presidency by the end of the year. It also precluded a new constitution be written before elections took place.
Looking ahead to elections, the revolutionaries who had brought Mubarak down would be seriously—and perhaps permanently—disadvantaged versus candidates from the Society of Muslim Brothers and the ex-ruling National Democratic Party, who benefit from extensive networks and name recognition in their constituencies. Because the next parliament is set to choose delegates to a constitutional assembly, new political forces could find themselves locked out indefinitely.
For a period, the electoral marginalism of Egypt's new opposition stoked vigorous debates about the correct sequencing of elections and constitution writing and the best system for electing MPs. Thanks to the vast literature on electoral engineering and constitutions in new democracies, this stuff is ambrosia to political scientists. The discipline has much to offer in those areas.
Ironically though, as elections approach, oppositionists have redirected their activities toward the security state still dominating Egyptian politics. For this Friday, July 8, they have promised a second "Revolution of Anger."
On the project of restructuring an authoritarian state and making it publicly accountable, the technical expertise of political science falls short. Outside of the polar opposites of post-Apartheid South Africa (a good outcome none can replicate) and Iraq (a catastrophe no one wants to recreate), there is scant guidance about the conditions that best enable citizens to retrench coercive institutions, punish or reconcile with torturers and killers, and convert ministries of interior into civilian departments.
Those challenges overshadow the electoral arena and form the mission of demonstrators in Tahrir. The opposition is pushing Egypt where the SCAF fears to tread—into the uncharted territory of civilian sovereignty.
Friday's pending confrontation could have been avoided had the SCAF seized earlier opportunities to clean out the Ministry of Interior. Ever since Mubarak left office, the ministry's employees have resisted change. Police demonstrations have conveyed a variety of concerns, material, political, and legal. Many are concerned about their livelihoods; some seek to escape punishment for the lives they took.
Addressing this bureaucratic thicket, the SCAF could have heeded the advice of Egypt's human rights and legal community. They instead took the path of least resistance. Rather than dissolving State Security completely and civilianizing the Ministry of Interior, the SCAF changed the agency's name and kept the ministry running as a paramilitary institution. When rights groups called for a Minister of Interior with a non-military background and legal training, the SCAF promoted a veteran of Al Adly's ministry.
Although the SCAF abjures any zeal for ruling Egypt, its unwillingness to re-form the Ministry of Interior and other security branches ensures authoritarianism by default. Notwithstanding their ad hoc style, the generals are not behaving as benevolent caretakers. Their actions show the Ministry of Defense and the Ministry of Interior are two faces of a regime that will continue denying Egyptians whatever dignity, freedoms, and power they do not forcibly reclaim.
2 comments for "Egypt's Incomplete Revolution: The Challenge of Post-Mubarak Authoritarianism "
It has culminated in revived protests and calls for the downfall of heads of the Army. A post-Mubarak authoritarian govt is not meant to be.
Sharif Abdel Koddous in Tahrir Sq right now tweeting live @SharifKouddous covering the massive protests happening today. Check out this report he filed for Democracy Now!: http://www.democracynow.org/tags/egypt
"There is a sense the revolution is being stolen from beneath people's feet here."
It's dangerous to be right when the government is wrong.
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Forum - View topicHey, Answerman! [2007-01-26]
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Author | Message | |||
britannicamoore Posts: 2616 Location: Out. |
Personally i'd like to say that anime popularity also spiked when Sailor Moon stared airing. And Dragon Ball. I remember a time when 2/3 of the girls in my school wanted to be Sailor Moon. Also when Sonix the Hedgehog came on tv.
Why did that guy send you a letter? I mean not that its bad its just a bit odd. it seems like if he did some high profile work like that he should have been getting calls. Do you think it was real or a prank? as for the rant- nope I don't care what anyone watches. as long as you don't run around with japanese words you learned from ff.net screaming about ninjas and alchemists you're fine with me. Did you just give us a link to ff.net? What a twist! But in all seriousness this rant left me in a WTF pose. Was he hyping his favorite show? Or...something esle? As for the banner contest...I can actually do that. yay. Last edited by britannicamoore on Fri Jan 26, 2007 12:46 am; edited 3 times in total |
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Eruanna Posts: 451 Location: Canada |
Yeah, Ill try and make a banner. Why not.
That rant was so surreal and bizar, I couldnt for the life of my figure out what to make of it. I honestly can't figure out what he was trying to say, unless it was no more then "This is a great show, why don't people like it?" Hmn. |
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Zac ANN Executive Editor Posts: 7155 Location: Snake Mountain Cocktail Lounge |
I'm positive it was real. If you look the guy up on IMDB he hasn't had work in a while, and the two he mentions are bit roles. His dad DID produce Krull, though! It really is one of the most puzzling letters I've received. |
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Joe Mello Posts: 1835 Location: Tekkoshocon |
I thought that ratio was the other way around and cubed. However, there is hope in that there are more critical minds in college than I had first perceived. |
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icepick314 Posts: 486 Location: Back in the Good Ol' US of A |
i'm seriously disturbed by that whole burning the building down from couple of kids...
i think you should have the police look into that e-mail... and i like SisPri too...there's nothing wrong with liking shows for whatever it is... i watched and bought DVDs from any and all series from Card Captor Sakura to Gantz... as long as you are not obsessing over to the point where you have several full sized anime dolls, i think you're still normal... god i've heard of stories from hard core otaku and i feel so sorry for them...doesn't know how to interact with people and stuck inside their room with nothing but posters, figurines, and anime.... |
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NGE1113 Posts: 1081 Location: Alexandria, VA. |
For that blogging question, I think I'll answer it with a ratio from the restaurant management world: for every compliment you get, there are approximately ten complaints. For the sake of blogging, I'd modify it to say it's more along the lines of one compliment, three constructive comments, and six complaints that simply state that the writer's attitude and/or viewpoint is completely out of line minus any supporting evidence.
In terms of that rant: one of the strangest things I've read in the last couple of years. I can understand ultra-devotion to a show (such as it is with me and Eva), but I also don't get that hot under the collar everytime I read something or hear someone wail away at my favorite show. When I tell people that Eva is my favorite show, I sometimes get looks that say, "It's a 10-year-old title; get with the program and watch the newest and biggest thing." Not everyone's gonna share the same interests as you; get over it. Likewise, if you feel people are critical of you for owning a title like Sister Princess, ignore them. It's nothing that major to get so worked up over. Frankly, as britannicamoore said, I honestly don't care what other people watch (and in my opinion own). And that flake of the week: I wish some people could find better things to do with their time than publicly outline their so-called plan for revenge against the evil R1 companies . EDIT: In hindsight, I've thought about it, and have concluded that this rant was a joke, albeit an interestingly worded one. However amusing it is, though, there is no way in the world that it competes with anything that Dave Berry's written . Still, my opinion stands for those that whine that the rest of the world isn't in synch with what they watch. Last edited by NGE1113 on Fri Jan 26, 2007 11:32 pm; edited 1 time in total |
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DuelLadyS Posts: 1705 Location: WA state |
I got a good kick out of that rant, becuase Sister Princess is one of the rare anime I attempted to watch and hated to the friggin' core! It was several years ago, there was a fansub playing at a con. 1 hour block. I went to check it out on account of I don't have much fansub access, so I thought it'd be fun to check out something I couldn't see otherwise. Boy, was I WRONG! After struggling to pay attention through the horrible setup pacing (wait, why should I care that this guy didn't get into that school? And now he's off to an island, just like that? ), meeting the Most Annoying Anime character ever (thankfully, my memory has supressed his name... red-headed boy), and hearning a never-ending string of Japanese variants on the word 'brother', credits started to roll and I booked it out of that room for the next panel... which, upon my arrival, hadn't started yet. So i checked my watch... and found, to my horror, that for all the dragging, annoying setup, that had me screaming in my head 'just end already!', that I'd only sat through 20 minutes of the 1-hour block.
I suppose one could argue I must've been watching an inferior fansub. I don't care. I will never, EVER, attempt to watch more of this show again. Not if it was the Last Anime on Earth! (Long story short, the guy who wrote the rant probably hates me. ) |
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Deltakiral Posts: 3338 Location: Glendora, CA (Avatar Hei from Darker than BLACK) |
Wow that letter about burning Viz down, it really makes you wonder if there are crazy enough people who might do that. Also as for the "King" who needs work....it's nearly impossible to believe that is real.....but since Zac (in the post above me) said he fairly positive that the letter was real.
One last thing, one could only imagine what kind of banner Zac might get.....the sheer number of moe banners could blow up his monitor. |
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Cuprin Posts: 63 Location: Sacramento - Life stinks |
Definition of unbiased: Dead.
Someone calls you biased, you remind them that for any person, any idea is going to be filtered through the experience of their own lives. Yeah, any opinion is going to be biased. Oh forget that... just call them a moron and tell them to use their brains. [did I mention I'm having a REAL bad week?] |
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Nebs Posts: 382 Location: University of Illinois |
Ever wonder if people purposely send ridiculous emails just so they can get featured in the Flake of the Week? |
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MorwenLaicoriel Posts: 1570 Location: Colorado |
I haven't had anyone accuse me of being biased on my blog...yet. Of course, I've only gotten one comment, total. Mark Silverman's letter surprised me. I have to admit, the word 'prank' did pop up into my head (partially because all I could think was "Hey Answerman, help me get an anime job!"), but Zac thinks it's really him so, best of luck to him! The Flake this week is awesomely bad. You'd think that if they had enough time to plan arson, they could take a moment to look up the fact that Funimation did FMA, not Viz. Besides, Funimation did barely ANY edits. And both companies released the anime uncut on DVD... hmm. I might try the banner thing. I'm not that great with image editing software, but... |
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Zac ANN Executive Editor Posts: 7155 Location: Snake Mountain Cocktail Lounge |
They do. Generally I can weed those out. |
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MorwenLaicoriel Posts: 1570 Location: Colorado |
Oh, hey, I just thought--when it says in the rules that the banner has to feature the Answerman logo, does that just mean that it has to say "Hey, Answerman!", or does it mean it has to have the word bubble and have the text be slanted the same way? | ||||
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Zac ANN Executive Editor Posts: 7155 Location: Snake Mountain Cocktail Lounge |
It just has to say "Hey, Answerman!". |
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MorwenLaicoriel Posts: 1570 Location: Colorado |
Cool. I'll have to see what fun things I can figure out to do with the text.... | ||||
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This is the replacement for IBISWorld's April Masonry in the US Industry Risk Ratings Report.
Industry Risk Ratings Synopsis
This Industry Risk Ratings report is a detailed analysis of all risks related to the Masonry in the US market . Our analyst consider Industry Risk to be 'the difficulty of the business immediate environment' .
The report analyses all risk related to the industry operations . Our analysts are looking at 3 kind of risks : Structural risks are risks related to the industry itself, Growth Risks are risks related to the expected growth and performance of the industry and External Risks are risks or threats coming from external forces .
This approach is new in that it analyses non-financial information surrounding each market . We are using score-cards to analyse the intensity of each risk within the industry, where 1 is the lowest intensity and 9 the highest . The Market Risk score measures expected Market Risk over the coming 12-18 months.
Market Definition
Market locations primarily engaged in masonry work, stone setting, and other stone work. The masonry work, stone setting, and other stone work performed include new work, additions, alterations, and maintenance and repairs. Activities performed by locations in this market range from the construction of foundations made of block, stone, or brick to glass block laying; exterior marble, granite and slate work; and tuck pointing.
What Will You Find In This Report?
Risk Overview
The Risk Overview chapter includes sections on Market Definition and Activities, Market Risk Score and Risk Rating Analysis. The Market Definition and Activities section provides a detailed definition of the activities carried out by operators in this market as defined in NAICS. A list of the primary activities of the market is also included. The Market Risk Score section provides the Overall Market Risk Score as well as the Risk Scores for each of the three types of risk covered that combine to form the Overall Market Risk Score. These three types of risk are Structural Risk, Growth Risk and External Sensitivity Risk. The Risk Rating Analysis section discusses the underlying factors contributing to the Overall Market Risk Score.
Structural Risk
The Structural Risk chapter looks at risk arising from within the market itself and provides a detailed discussion of the market 's level of exposure to seven key figures . These key figures are Barriers to Entry, Competition, Market Exports, Market Imports, Level of Assistance, Industry Status Stage and Volatility of Market . The Overall Structural Risk Score is a weighted aggregation of these seven key figures . Each of the key figures is discussed in detail in this section.
Growth Risk
The Growth Risk chapter looks at risks arising from the expected future performance of the market . The Overall Growth Risk Score is determined by amalgamating the scores for Recent Market Growth and Projection Market Growth. Detailed analysis is provided discussing the reasons for the growth scores of both.
Sensitivity Risk
The Sensitivity Risk chapter looks at risks arising from forces (sensitivities) external to the market . The Overall External Sensitivity Risk Score is determined by identifying the most significant (up to 6) external factors and weighting them to represent how significant each sensitivity is to the performance of the market . Examples of External Sensitivities are Exchange Rates, Interest Rates, Commodity Prices and Government Regulations. There is also a in-depth overview of the affect each of the sensitivities has on the market, including charts and data tables where appropriate.
Industry Risk and Market Risk Scoring Methodology
This chapter provides an overview of how IBISWorld defines Market Risk and discusses the methodology used to arrive at an Market Risk Score. There is also a table that provides a definition of the seven levels of Market Risk.
23541 - Masonry in the US
23321 - Home Builders in the US
23322 - Multi-Family Home Building in the US
23331 - Industrial Building Construction in the US
23493 - Heavy Industrial Facilities Construction in the US
53111 - Apartment Rental in the US
53112 - Commercial Leasing in the US
23332a - Commercial Building Construction in the US
23332b - Municipal Building Construction in the US
Table Of Contents
Industry Definition and ActivitiesSTRUCTURAL RISK
Barriers to EntryGROWTH RISK
Recent Growth AnalysisSENSITIVITY RISK
Value of private non-residential constructionINDUSTRY RISK AND INDUSTRY RISK SCORING METHODOLOGY
What is Market Risk?Find all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.
The expansion of the global safety glass industry is forecast to reach 1.5% p.a. in the coming years. Between 2008 and 2014 the market increased with an average annual growth of 4.3%. Currently, laminated ...
The expansion of the global glass mirror industry is forecast to reach 5.1% p.a. in the coming years. Between 2008 and 2014 the market increased with an average annual growth of 9.7%. Currently, vehicle ...
The expansion of the global kitchen and table glassware industry is forecast to reach 3.1% p.a. in the coming years. Between 2008 and 2014 the market increased with an average annual growth of 7.1%. Currently, ...
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When trouble calls collect, dont accept the charges
Convicts are scamming unsuspecting victims into paying for their long distance calls.
By LESTER R. DAILEY
Article published on
Wednesday, Dec. 15, 2004
PINELLAS COUNTY Jackie Lynn Jones wasnt home when the call that started her trouble came in.
Her roommate took the call from an operator asking if she would accept a collect call from a Jason in a juvenile detention center.
I have a godson named Jason, said Jones, a divorcee who recently moved from New Hampshire to Largo. Since I wasnt home she accepted the charges, thinking something might be terribly wrong.
But the Jason on the phone wasnt Jones godson.
He was a young con artist who convinced the roommate to punch in a 3-character set of symbols and numbers, which wont be revealed here, followed by a phone number.
That had the effect of making the detention centers phone an extension of Jones phone.
All long distance calls made by the inmates were charged to her bill. Her only clue that something was wrong was a single ring of her phone each time a long distance call was made.
I heard about 30 single rings on Thanksgiving Day, Jones said. They went on past midnight, so the kids must have been having a field day.
Pat Arbutine, owner of the Belleair Coins Gold and Diamonds and the Silver Queen in Largo, fell victim to a similar scam. A man called collect and told her that a loved one of hers had been badly injured and she needed to call a certain number to get the details from the attending physician, which she did.
I should have known better, said Arbutine, who formerly worked for a telephone company. But it was after midnight and it was scary because my one son just got a motorcycle and I could just picture him lying in the road.
In another variation of the scheme, the scammer claims to be a telephone company repairman and instructs the victim to dial a specific combination of symbols and numbers so he can check the line. Telephone companies are well aware of these scams.
The inmates in jails have been doing that for several months, said a Verizon operator reached by dialing 0. But authorities are just now learning of it.
We havent heard of this, said Nancy Sloss, a spokeswoman for the countys Department of Justice and Consumer Protection. Its new to me.
Weve had some reports that inmates at the Miami-Dade County Jail are placing calls like that, said Mac McMullen, a spokesman for the Pinellas County Sheriffs Office.
Jones and Arbutine havent received their phone bills yet, so they dont know how many unauthorized calls were made. But it is unlikely they will have to pay for them because the unauthorized use was promptly reported to their long distance carriers. Even so, Jones advises others to be alert for similar scams.
This is like a buyer beware situation, Jones said.
Authorities caution against accepting collect calls from strangers. People who suspect that their phone number is being used by unauthorized persons should contact their long distance carrier. They should also carefully review their telephone bills for unauthorized charges.
As a pre-emptive measure, people can call 1-800-231-0193 and ask to have their number blocked from receiving collect calls from any correctional institution served by MCI.
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Offered for sale is an Art Deco glass-beaded evening bag with a dark blue background bordered in green with stylized multi colored flowers on either side. The interior is somewhat frayed but still contains a pocket with mirror.
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BHP's Mackenzie takes haircut on sign-on bonus
PUBLISHED: 23 Aug 2013 11:34:00 | UPDATED: 24 Aug 2013 15:50:08PUBLISHED: 23 Aug 2013 PRINT EDITION: 23 Aug 2013Updated | BHP Billiton CEO Andrew Mackenzie has sent a major signal to the market and his peers after opting to forego part of his sign-on bonus as the company focuses on cutting costs and enhancing assets amid an uncertain outlook for China's growth.
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Companies | BHP Billiton Ltd, Rio Tinto Ltd |
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Topics | Metals & Mining, Company News /Executive Remuneration |


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Currently viewing the tag: "Dating"
Klara Woldenga, creator of Robot Comics, is in the middle of exams so I'm helping out by drawing a guest comic for her this week. I had a lot of fun drawing in her style and using colour (a rare thing for me!)
Anyway, here's my guest comic – and while you're there, be sure to check out the rest of Klara's excellent comics!
Dedicated to Fiona, who's a Timmy Tofu fan and she's celebrating a birthday today – happy birthday Fiona!
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Popcorn Bowl of Sweets and Snacks
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Big and tall dark grey chino shorts
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Click here to print the obituary below
Trudy Weiss(May 2, 1932)
Trudy Weiss, 80, of London, died at Mount Carmel Medical Center, Columbus on Sunday, Nov. 4, 2012.
She was born on May 2, 1932, in Germany, to Albert and Barbara (Veit) Esslinger.
She came to the United States and London in 1956.
She had worked at Purex in London from where she retired after 40 years.
Survivors include her son, Harold Esslinger in Germany. She is also survived by her best friend and like a son, Donald (Susan) Cox and his daughter, Michele Patterson and granddaughters, Tori and Mackenzie; good friends, Mary Bush and the Speasmaker Family; and her beloved dog, Chico.
Preceding her in death were her parents; husband, Donald Weiss; friend, Don Speasmaker; and her brother, Erich Esslinger.
Per Trudy's request, she was cremated and there will be no calling hours. A graveside service will be held at 3 p.m. Thursday, Dec. 6, 2012, in Oak Hill Cemetery. Reverend Steve Gilkerson will officiating. Following the cemetery service, a tribute to Trudy's life will be held at 4 p.m. in the London Depot Station on South Main Street.
If anyone wishes, donations may be made to the Madison County Humane Society.
The family is being served by the EBERLE-FISHER FUNERAL HOME AND CREMATORY, 103 N. Main St., London.
Online condolences for the family may be sent to
Funeral Home
Eberle-Fisher Funeral Home
103 North Main Street
London, OH 43140
Published in The Madison Press on Nov. 30, 2012


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This Simple Idea Could Cut Costs for College Students Across the US
A modest move toward open-source, electronic textbooks could save $1 billion for U.S. students annually, according to a new report.
I'm Stacy Johnson, founder of Money Talks News. For more than 20 years, our mission has been simple: to give people like you both the information and inspiration you need to destroy your debts, build your savings and accomplish your goals, whatever they are.
You can trust our advice: I've been offering money advice on TV for more than 20 years and publish my stock portfolio online. So check out a few articles and videos, then subscribe. It's free, only takes a few seconds, and could change your life.
A modest move toward open-source, electronic textbooks could save $1 billion for U.S. students annually, according to a new report.
If you're a typical Joe Blow, you're paying a much bigger percentage of your income in taxes if you live in a state that lacks a graduated income tax and relies heavily on consumption taxes.
A recent report highlights the best (and worst) majors for giving graduates a chance of finding work.
There are better ways and worse ways to handle this sticky situation. Failing to file is the latter. The penalty for that is 10 times worse than it is for paying late.
A government goof may have 50,000 more people filing amended tax returns. Here are tips, no matter why you amend your return.
Even the most frugal pet owner needs to spend SOME money. The following tactics will help you stretch your funds to provide the best life you can afford for your animal companion.
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FS Fleet FS Track FS Pro FS Monitor
Focus Systems Limited is a telemetric company that is innovative and dynamic in nature. The great idea to incorporate this company was borne out of burning desire of a team of five young, vibrant, focused, determined and dedicated professionals based in Nigeria, armed with numerous years of professional expertise in ICT...
FS Fleet
© 2012 Focus Systems Limited. All rights Reserved


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Begin Again
From the director that brought us "Once"(the lovely film about two street musicians) John Carney delivers another music themed film. This time, it's a washed up producer in the midst of mucking up his life who stumbles upon some authentic lyrics sung by a meek young woman. They give each other something to believe in and save themselves. It's a love story about music but it resists the temptation to become romantic.
The Newsroom
This series is so good that you will want to watch episode after episode! The Newsroom gives you a behind the scenes look at a fictional cable news network (ACN). The writing of the series is excellent (thanks Aaron Sorkin), and the acting in the series is even better. Jeff Daniels is brilliant, funny, but different than any of his other characters that he has played in the past. Great series to check out!!
Tales of the night [videorecording-JDVD]
Tales of the Night by Michel Ocelot presents six animated classic tales from all over the world by juxtaposing dark silhouettes with a vivacious colorful background. The rich colors are so stunning and memorizing that visual immersion is irresistible. This film offers a truly unique experience in storytelling.
Call the Midwife (DVD)
Have you been anxiously awaiting the third season of Downton Abbey? We have a new highly acclaimed BBC mini-series called, "Call the Midwife" that just might tide you over until the January 29th release date of Downton! The show follows the lives of several young nurse midwives working in the 1950's in one of the poorest parts of London. The living conditions are horrible and the poverty is terrible, but I grew to love all the characters in the show. From the nurses, to the nuns, to the patients, you will be moved to tears as often as you will be to laughter! Come in and check it out!


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Chucky Brown comes home for hoops camp honoring fatherFormer NBA player Chucky Brown always had a reputation of being a traveling man in the league. Today Brown traveled home, returning to his roots to take part in a basketball camp at North Brunswick High School Disclaimer: Comments posted on this, or any story are opinions of those people posting them, and not the views or opinions of WWAY NewsChannel 3, its management or employees. » |
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International Studies 12: Global Issues & Institutions
Intenational Studies 12: Global Issues & Institutions cross listed as Political Science 44A: Global Issues and Institutions.
Global Issues and Institutions is an introductory survey course designed to introduce the students to numerous current issues confronting policy-makers, pundits, and concerned global citizens as well as to the international institutions that regularly cope with those same issues. Among the issues discussed are the following: nuclear politics, energy crisis, war, internati
Technology and Society
Students of engineering and surveying need to understand and be convinced that through their future professional work they will relate to the rest of society. Throughout their careers they will need to strive to ensure that this relationship is meaningful and successful. Only then will they earn respect for themselves and their profession, and ensure their work will be valued and recognised. For engineers and surveyors to meet their responsibilities towards society they must be able to appreciat
Art in Public Places: Jo Kreiter
SPARK follows choreographer/dancer Jo Kreiter and the Flyaway Productions company members as they mix art and politics in a site-specific work about the history of protest on San Francisco's Market Street. This Educator Guide addresses the history of public performance art.
Defying Genocide
This collection of activities and resources is a companion guide for the 15-minute film Defying genocide. The history of the Holocaust and the 1994 Rwandan genocide illustrate the entire spectrum of human behavior, from unimaginable evil to extraordinary goodness.
Through a study of the Holocaust, Rwanda, and genocide, students learn that genocide occurs because individuals, organizations, and governments make choices to participate, resist, or turn away.
Students can also see that at the same
Development Governance and the Media: the role of the media in building African society
How can the media hold governments in developing countries to account? How can more effective media development improve development more widely? What is the impact of the digital revolution in Africa? Are there fragile states in which media development must be abandoned altogether? This report sets out the POLIS view of 'networked journalism' for fostering media development in Africa.
Anti-Railroad Propaganda Poster: The Growth of Regionalism, 1800-1860
This lesson uses a poster decrying the disruptive influence of railroads on local culture to launch a discussion on local differences and their effect on American politics. Explanatory text, materials for teachers, and links to further resources accompany the documents. This lesson correlates to the National History Standards and the National Standards for Civics and Social Sciences. It also has cross-curricular connections with history, government, and art.
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International journalist Misha Glenny talks about his investigation into the world of organised crime. He reveals how conventional policing cannot cope with globalised crime which is corrupting governments and fuelling human rights abuses and suffering. Misha Glenny is an award winning international journalist and author.
Secularism and Shared Values
The global revival of religion has raised fundamental questions about its role in politics and its claim that it serves as a principle of identity, indispensable to the continuing survival of communities. This series brings together leading thinkers and scholars to encourage discussion and debate on this crucial contemporary theme. Richard Norman, emeritus professor of moral philosophy, University of Kent.
Ross Cranston, QC in Conversation with Lord Mackay of Clashfern
The separation of powers idea is at the heart of all legal democracies. Yet within those democracies there will often be positions of high office which require their holders to perform functions which are both legal and political. In this series of events senior figures who hold or have held positions of this type talk about their lives in the law, the nature of their office, the institutions which they serve, their roles and responsibilities within those institutions, the role of lawyers in gov
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Why do charities use celebrities to speak out on humanitarian action? Who do celebrities represent? Are they genuinely committed to the causes they espouse or have causes become another path to self-promotion? John Street is a Professor of Politics at the University of East Anglia. Kris Torgeson is the International Secretary for the Médecins Sans Frontières International Office. Award-winning journalist and freelance feature writer for the Sunday Times, Ann McFerran has interviewed and accomp
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George A. Papandreou is president of the Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK( and president of Socialist International. He was minister of foreign affairs from 1999 to 2004, a period that saw inter alia a new rapprochement with Turkey. He has served as minister for national education and religious affairs on two occasions (1988-89; 1994-96(.He is the son and grandson of two Greek prime ministers. In 2006 he became president of the Socialist International. The latter has given him a privileged
Gray's Anatomy: Thoughts on Politics, Religion and the Meaning of life
The world has entered a period of crisis and upheaval in which the ideologies of the past give little guidance. How did it reach its present condition? Is there a pattern of thinking that has led governments to make systematic errors? In conversation with Richard Reeves, John Gray will ask what went wrong and what we can expect in future. John Gray is emeritus professor of European thought at the LSE and author of Gray's Anatomy. Richard Reeves is Director of the think-tank Demos.
Human Security in an Age of Turbulence
Mary Kaldor is a prolific author who has written widely on a range of key issues over the years ranging from the 'Baroque Arsenal' (1982) a study that challenged the logic of militarism and the belief that more weapons meant more security, through to her groundbreaking 'New Wars'(1999) a book that reveals the new forms that organized violence will take in the 21st century. Mary Kaldor today is one of the most influential and respected alternative voices in the field of applied international poli
Why I Grew to Love America and You Should Too
Justin Webb will discuss America politics in the context of British media reporting, particularly in the Bush period and coverage of the recent US elections. Justin Webb is North American editor at the BBC.
Learning How to Cite Judith Butler
This lecture explores the production of critical value and competency in contemporary feminist theory. Robyn Wiegman is Professor of Women's Studies and Literature and former Director of the Women's Studies Program at Duke from 2001-2007. Her publications include American Anatomies: Theorizing Race and Gender (1995), Who Can Speak: Identity and Critical Authority (1995), Feminism Beside Itself (1995), AIDS and the National Body (1997), The Futures of American Studies (2002), and Women's Studies
Creating a Game Plan for Transition to a Sustainable Economy
The "chief inspired protagonist" of one of the nation's oldest and most successful green manufacturers apologizes for delivering a talk "more depressing than expected." While discussing the challenges facing businesses attempting to transition to a more just and sustainable economy, Jeffrey Hollender enumera
Bomb Scare: The History and Future of Nuclear Weapons
Joseph Cirincione delivers an energetic and at times impassioned primer on the standoff with Iran on its nuclear program, drawn in part from his latest book, The History and Future of Nuclear Weapons (Columbia University Press, Spring 2007).
He offers a succinct 'equation' to describe what drives nat
Human Rights and Politics in Israel-Palestine
Human rights are central to the fraught politics between Israelis and Palestinians, these two panelists argue. Any conceivable solution to such an endless conflict must begin by acknowledging the current bleak realities of Palestinian life under Israeli rule, they say.
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Recalling a lecture he gave at MIT in 2005,
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Embedding the concept of competency maps
This presentation outlines the background, context and transferability of a competency mapping tool originally developed in health but suitable for enterprise