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Romeo and Juliet B&B is a friendly and nice Bed and Breakfast with rooms and small apartments. Travelers and tourists... Mehr Infos »
Das Bed and Breakfast 'Repepo' ist sowohl vom Flughafen als auch mit dem Zug oder mit dem Auto sehr leicht... Mehr Infos »
The apartment is ideally located in the heart of medieval Bergamo, just a short walk away from the ancient Citt Alta... Mehr Infos »
I Ghiri is a lovely 3 floor family house. Two floors are used by the family, the last floor is dedicated to our... Mehr Infos »
Abaco is a guesthouse located in the city centre, facing the railway station, a few minutes' drive from the airport... Mehr Infos »
Situated 2 km from Bergamo airport, 2 km from the city centre and 1km from the Exhibition site in a villa with wide... Mehr Infos »
In unserer Jugendherberge gibt es 84 Betten, andere gemeinseme Zimmer, Garten und Terrasse. Die Aufnahme und die... Mehr Infos »
Our house is totally restored few years ago and is situated in Bergamo Borgo Palazzo at few miles to The... Mehr Infos »
Welcome in 'B&B My Room'! Our new Bed and Breakfast is placed in a strategic point of the town of Bergamo. It' s 5... Mehr Infos »
CentralhostelBG ist glucklich, Ihnen mit seinen unvergleichbaren Preisen aufzunehmen. Das ist eine neue Weise, diese... Mehr Infos »
Cute & Cozy Terrace is an Open Space Apartment modern and stylish. It has a large living room with double bed and... Mehr Infos »
The B&B Bergamum is located on the ground floor with a separate entrance and a private parking area in the adjacent... Mehr Infos »
In the heart of Bergamo at the foot of the historic "high city" is a cozy place to spend quiet nights. A small family... Mehr Infos »
Casalino Central rooms is in a good central location next to the train station. Offering private bedrooms with... Mehr Infos »
Accademia Bergamo B&B is a family house in Bergamo city center. The location is very quiet with garden and safe... Mehr Infos »
My Room Suite Center is a studio apartment located in the heart of the lower town of Bergamo. Situated next to... Mehr Infos »
Cute & Cozy Open Space is an Opne spance apartment, modern and elegant. It consists of a large living room with... Mehr Infos »
In the heart of the Lombard pre-Alps, near the big cities like Milan, Monza and Bergamo, we offer a refuge to a place... Mehr Infos »
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AnnexationWilmington City Council passes annexation policySubmitted by Candace Semmel on Tue, 08/17/2010 - 9:29pm.READ MORE:
The Wilmington City Council effectively stripped away many limits to extending the city limits.
Full story... » Annexation issues at forefront of council meetingSubmitted by WWAY on Tue, 08/17/2010 - 5:47pm.READ MORE:
Wilmington City Council is meeting Tuesday night. One of the hottest topics to be covered will be the annexation of areas outside city limits.
Full story... » Annexation anxietySubmitted by Joe Mauceri on Wed, 08/11/2010 - 3:54pm.READ MORE:
Residents on the outskirts of Wilmington city limits aren't happy with the city's proposed annexation policy.
Full story... » Annexation of Monkey Junction on holdSubmitted by Meghan Torjussen on Fri, 07/30/2010 - 11:03am.READ MORE:
An attorney for residents who live in Monkey Junction filed the appeal Thursday to try and keep the City of Wilmington from annexing the area.
Full story... » Monkey Junction residents not happy as annexation moves closersSubmitted by Hailey Winslow on Fri, 07/16/2010 - 3:35pm.READ MORE:
Many residents and business owners say they don't want to be a part of Wilmington because they don't need the extra services the city can provide, and they definitely don't need the extra taxes.
Full story... » Clock ticking on Monkey Junction annexation ruling appealSubmitted by WWAY on Thu, 07/15/2010 - 1:34pm.READ MORE:
The city said today a judge earlier this month granted a motion supporting City Council's 2009 decision to annex of a portion of Monkey Junction.
Full story... » St. James property owners unhappy with involuntary annexationSubmitted by WWAY on Mon, 08/31/2009 - 4:29pm.READ MORE:
Annexation continues to cause anxiety among residents near St. James. After a weekend of protests, the Brunswick County property owners are not willing to become a part of another jurisdiction without having a say.
Full story... » Annexation bill passes House, might meet resistance in SenateSubmitted by WWAY on Thu, 07/23/2009 - 4:01pm.READ MORE:
The way North Carolina cities and towns go about annexing land could be changing. A bill is making its way through the legislature, offering some big changes to the state's annexation laws.
Full story... » Annexation hearing pushed back to WednesdaySubmitted by WWAY on Wed, 06/24/2009 - 10:07am.READ MORE:
Reformers in the General Assembly will have to wait for their chance to change North Carolina's 50-year-old annexation laws. A House judiciary committee hearing scheduled for Tuesday was pushed back until Wednesday. There was no word on why.
Full story... » Annexation regulations on the tableSubmitted by WWAY on Thu, 06/18/2009 - 3:45pm.READ MORE:
Lawmakers discussed reforms to annexation laws in our state on Thursday.
So far, a house judiciary committee has ruled against allowing homeowners to vote on whether they want to be annexed, something anti-annexation activists asked for.
Full story... » |

subset: commoncrawl


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Reliance Comm, Vodafone unit boost India telecoms outlook
NEW DELHI (Reuters) - Higher call tariffs and reduced competition helped two of India's biggest telecom firms to boost quarterly results, underscoring the recovery in the world's second-biggest mobile phone market by subscribers.
Reliance Communications Ltd (RLCM.NS), the market's fourth-largest carrier and controlled by billionaire Anil Ambani, smashed estimates with quarterly net profit more than doubling before a one-time gain.
Vodafone's unlisted Indian unit, the country's No.2 cellular operator, said it would increase investment in its mobile data networks, after reporting quarterly revenue rose 13.3 percent. Vodafone India also said the country's regulatory environment, which has been a major drag, was gradually improving.
"This time I can say that I am more positive about the environment than before," Marten Pieters, chief executive officer of Vodafone India, told a news conference on Tuesday. He said customers continued spending on telecoms services despite slower economic growth and high inflation.
India is home to the world's largest number of mobile phone subscribers after China, but the sector's profitability had been hammered by a price war, before starting to improve in the past two quarters.
Carriers such as Bharti Airtel Ltd (BRTI.NS), Vodafone India, Idea Cellular (IDEA.NS) and Reliance Communications were earlier this year able to raise tariffs for voice calls after a gap of two years, after a court revoked the permits of smaller rivals, forcing them to scale back or shut down.
In a market where voice calls account for close to 85 percent of revenue, the next battleground between carriers is likely to be in the high-margin mobile data services.
Reliance Communications recently started distributing Apple Inc's (AAPL.O) latest iPhones on a two-year contract, while most carriers including Vodafone India have sharply cut data prices to boost usage.
Mumbai-based Reliance Communications said quarterly net profit surged to 2.34 billion Indian rupees for its fiscal second quarter to September 30, excluding the gain from a business restructuring provision write-back, far ahead of analysts' estimates of 1.46 billion rupees net profit.
Including the write-back, net profit jumped to 6.75 billion rupees and it was the company's first profit rise in five quarters. Operating revenue grew 3.7 percent from a year earlier to 53.94 billion rupees.
Average revenue per user (ARPU), a key operating metric, declined 7 percent from previous quarter, while revenue per minute (RPM) fell 5.7 percent sequentially to 0.434 rupees in what is usually seen as a seasonally weak quarter for Indian telecoms due to outages and power cuts in monsoon rains.
Vodafone India reported a 3.4 percent sequential decline in ARPU, but RPM was little changed at 0.468 rupees.
Vodafone is taking full control of its Indian unit by buying out from local partners the 15.5 percent stake it does not already own in a $1.6 billion deal, and also plans to invest additional capital in the unit.
Vodafone India CFO Colman Deegan said on Tuesday the group was yet to determine how much it would invest in the Indian unit by subscribing to fresh equity. Vodafone Group Plc's CEO separately said it would definitely consider an IPO of the Indian unit after a more than $2 billion tax case is settled.
Reliance Communications, the most-leveraged among listed Indian carriers with net debt of $6 billion as of end-June, has been planning to cut the debt load by selling assets and raising funds. The company did not give an update on the debt reduction plan in the earnings statement.
Reliance Communications had reported a profit fall in 14 of the 16 quarters to end-June, mainly hit by higher interest costs. Ahead of the results, Reliance Communications shares fell 5.2 percent to 129.20 rupees in a Mumbai market that closed 1 percent lower.
(Additional reporting by Tripti Kalro in Bangalore; Editing by Miral Fahmy and Mark Potter)
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India overhauls monetary policy with inflation target
India has formally adopted inflation targeting, a historic monetary policy overhaul that marks a victory for Reserve Bank of India Governor Raguram Rajan, as the government makes subduing chronically volatile prices a priority. Full Article | Factbox
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Category: Waste & Recycling ×
Subcategory: Waste Management ×
Keyword: non-hazardous waste ×
Location: Latin America ×
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NutriDox - Non-Hazardous Nutrient Concentrate
by Colsen International b.v. based in HULST, NETHERLANDSMicro-organisms play a key role in nature and mankind has learned to deploy their enormous variety of biochemical capabilities. Biological process steps have therefore become more and more common in industrial applications. The wellbeing of the biomass has often become a critical factor in a sequence of process steps. Over the years Colsen has ...
Infectious Hospital Waste
by econ industries GmbH based in Starnberg, GERMANYProcess and design: In earlier times, incineration was always considered to be the safest and most economic way of treating and disposing of infectious hospital waste. However, results of a US-based study show that one of the prime reasons for the increase in Dioxin-based pollution world-wide was in fact this incineration process. As a result of ...
Holo-Scru - Hazardous Waste Processing System
by KMT International, Inc. based in Fremont, CALIFORNIA (USA)Therma-Flite Holo-Scru desorption units are excellent for delisting RCRA waste. Drums, cans, glass and plastic containers are just some of the items that carry hydrocarbon-laden materials such as paint, perfume, degreaser, oil, resins, and hair spray.Such feed stock is typically shredded to 2-inch minus in order to add easily to the desorption ...
VacuDry - Process and Design of Industrial Waste Cleaning Systems
by econ industries GmbH based in Starnberg, GERMANYAt the core of the econ VacuDry process is a specially designed dryer chamber which uses heat and controlled vacuum to evaporate volatile contaminants. The batch-wise working indirectly heated thermal desorption process treats solids contaminated with mercury, hydrocarbons, solvents and other hazardous substances at temperatures above their ...
UNTHA - Model XR Series - Waste Shredder
by UNTHA Shredding Technology GmbH based in Kuchl, AUSTRIAUNTHA's XR shredder is a slow running pre-shredder and has been developed for the coarse and medium shredding of untreated municipal solid waste (MSW), bulky waste and commercial and industrial waste (C&I waste).
Model Power 220 HP - Two Shaft Waste Shredders
by SatrindTech S.r.l. based in Arluno, ITALYLarge two-shaft shredder, from the new R series,driven by two hydraulic drives, one for each shaft. Sophisticated electronic controls enable to manage each shaft torque depending upon load, thereby maximising performance. In order to take account of different material types, the speed of each shaft can be independently altered thereby ensuring ...
Model Power 300 HP - Two Shaft Waste Shredders
by SatrindTech S.r.l. based in Arluno, ITALYLarge two-shaft shredders, from the new R series,driven by two hydraulic drives, one for each shaft. Sophisticated electronic controls enable to manage each shaft torque depending upon load, thereby maximising performance. In order to take account of different material types, the speed of each shaft can be independently altered thereby ensuring ...
Micro-Bac-International - Model M-1000BX - Degradation of Gasoline Waste
by Micro-Bac International, Inc. based in Round Rock, TEXAS (USA)M-1000BX™ is a biological product designed and formulated for the degradation of a select group of contaminated and/or hazardous wastes. These compounds include benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). This product has been used successfully in a variety of in-situ and ex-situ applications. M-1000BX™ consists of live, ...
GLES - Waste Conversion Pyrolysis System
by Greenlight Energy Solutions Corp. based in San Francisco, CALIFORNIA (USA)The Waste Conversion Pyrolysis System is well suited to handle various feedstocks.Pyrolysis of waste is the state-of-the art process providing destructive decomposition of waste materials in the absence of oxygen. Its combustion-free methodology allows us to eliminate residual and fly ash emission into the environment. GLES' leading edge design ...
Gasplasma - Gasification and Plasma Conversion Technology
by Advanced Plasma Power (APP) based in Swindon, UNITED KINGDOMGasification and Plasma Conversion waste to energy technology that generates clean, renewable, local energy. Gasplasma is an Advanced Conversion Technology ('ACT') that converts waste feedstock into a clean hydrogen-rich syngas and a vitrified recyclate called Plasmarok that can be used as a building material or replacement aggregate.


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Regal Entertainment Group Announces Pricing Of $775 Million Of Senior Notes
Regal Entertainment Group ("Regal" or the "Company") (NYSE: RGC) announced today that it has priced its previously announced senior notes offering. A total of $775 million aggregate principal amount of senior notes, which will bear interest at a rate of 5 3/ 4% per year, will be issued. The notes will pay interest semiannually in arrears on March 15 and September 15 of each year, beginning September 15, 2014, and will mature on March 15, 2022. The Company anticipates that the offering will close on or around March 11, 2014, subject to customary closing conditions.
Regal intends to use the net proceeds from the offering to fund cash tender offers for any and all of its 9 1/ 8% senior notes due 2018 and any and all of the 8 5/ 8% senior notes due 2019 of Regal Cinemas Corporation, a Delaware corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. In the event the tender offers are terminated or there are remaining proceeds after funding the tender offers, Regal intends to use the proceeds for general corporate purposes and for the repayment or selective purchase of outstanding debt of the Company or its subsidiaries. Such repayment or purchases may be made in open market or privately negotiated transactions, through one or more additional tender or exchange offers, pursuant to redemption terms applicable to Regal's or its subsidiaries' debt, or otherwise.
Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC, Barclays Capital Inc., BofA Merrill Lynch, Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC are acting as joint book-running managers for the offering. The notes are being offered pursuant to the Company's effective shelf registration statement (File No. 333-182383) on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). The offering of notes will be made only by means of a prospectus supplement and related base prospectus. A preliminary prospectus supplement relating to the offering has been filed with the SEC. A copy of the preliminary prospectus supplement and related base prospectus can be obtained by either contacting Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC toll-free at 1-800-221-1037 or by accessing the SEC's website, www.sec.gov.
This press release does not constitute an offer to purchase or the solicitation of an offer to sell any securities. The tender offers are made only pursuant to the Offer to Purchase and the Letter of Transmittal (collectively, the "Offer Documents") that the Company will be distributing promptly to holders of the 9 1/ 8% senior notes due 2018 and Regal Cinemas' 8 5/ 8% senior notes due 2019. Holders and investors should read the Offer Documents carefully because they contain important information, including the various terms of and conditions to the Offers. None of the Company, Regal Cinemas, the dealer managers for the tender offers, the depositary, the information agent or their respective affiliates are making any recommendation as to whether or not holders should tender all or any portion of their 9 1/ 8% senior notes due 2018 or their 8 5/ 8% senior notes due 2019 pursuant to the tender offers. In addition, this press release does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy the 5 3/ 4% senior notes due 2022 described herein, nor shall there be any sale of such notes in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the laws of such state or jurisdiction.
Forward-looking Statements This press release includes "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. All statements included herein, other than statements of historical fact, may constitute forward-looking statements. Although the Company believes that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are reasonable, it can give no assurance that such expectations will prove to be correct. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the Company's expectations are disclosed in the risk factors contained in the Company's 2013 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 24, 2014. All forward-looking statements are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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A new government proposal would move the storied theater to the historic General Post Office.
The move to the docklands was proposed back in 2001 by the board of the Abbey and last year Abbey director Fiach Mac Conghail stated his preference for this site over the GPO. The government has already spent €630,000 ($950,000) on consultancy fees and preparatory work for a move to the docklands but has now evidently changed its mind.
With the centenary of the Easter Rising due in 2016, the idea of marking it by a dramatic merger of the two icons of independence seems to be taking hold. At a "grim, sordid and dreary time" in Irish history, said Sen. Eoghan Harris in the parliament's upper chamber last week, it would be good if members could leave behind two great monuments: "the Abbey Theatre in O'Connell Street and a cut in their pay to give leadership, as the men of 1916 did."
What no one disputes is that the present Abbey Theater, opened in 1966 after the original building was destroyed by fire, is a disgrace. It is too small, has poor acoustics and the backstage facilities are notoriously cramped.
For the record the Yeats quotation about his words sending men out to be shot is from his 1938 poem "The Man and the Echo." The relevant lines are: "I lie awake night after night/ And never get the answers right. Did that play of mine send out/ Certain men the English shot? Did words of mine put too great strain/ On that woman's reeling brain?/ Could my spoken words have checked/ That whereby a house lay wrecked?"
Pulitzer Prize-winning Irish poet Paul Muldoon responded half a century later: "If Yeats had saved his pencil-lead/ would certain men have stayed in bed?"


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Thrush After Genital Rubbing Worried I Have HIV
Here's a taste of what TheBody.com has to offer on this topic:
Get the Facts
Herpes Simplex (Cold Sores and Genital Herpes)...However, it can become active again with no warning. Herpes can be active without symptoms or visible signs. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1) is the common cause of cold sores (oral herpes) around the mouth. HSV2 normally causes genital herpes. However, through sexual activity, HSV1 can cause infections in the genital area, and HSV2 can infect the mouth area. HSV is a very common disease. Approximately 45 million people in the US have HSV...
Ask the Experts
is thrush something to worry about?hello, i am a 25 male and recently went to see my doctor thinking i had strep throat because of the pain in my throat. wen i went to see my doctor she said to me that i have throat/mouth fungal infection. and she asked me if i have been in close...Response from Joseph McGowan, M.D., F.A.C.P.
North Shore University Hospital
...stated in your question, your lack of sexual activity. Also given what you have written, it is far from clear if you have oral thrush. It is possible but, again, unlikely. Antibiotics can increase one's risk for Candidal infections (the...
Read more »
HIV worry has caused my body to fall apart (JUST MADE A DONATION OF 70$)Thank you for all that you do, Doc.I had protected oral and vaginal sex with a sex worker in Spain on the 7-8th of June. Since then, I have had some STD tests done. My initial symptoms included frequent urination but that went away after a week and...Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation
...Hi Worried in Moscow,Protected sex is indeed protected, assuming the latex or polyurethane condom was used properly and did not fail (break).
Read more »
female to female transmissioni am a bi curious married hiv+ woman. I have been married to my wonderful hiv+ husband for 4 yrs but lately cant get the idea of being with a woman out of my head. If I do pluck up the courage to do it, not sure what we would do sexually but have...Response from Robert J. Frascino, M.D.
The Robert James Frascino AIDS Foundation
...concern is that recently I had an encounter with a Japanese women. I asked if she had ever been tested and she responded no. A bit worriesome but unfornately not uncommon in Japan. We had sex with limited penetration (Unfortunately she could only...
Read more »
Nagging problem1. I had gay sex with an unknown person in a sauna. I would consider it to be low risk -- we rubbed our penises together and the other party performed oral sex on me. There was no anal intercourse. After 3 months from the time of potential...Response from Brian Conway, M.D.
University of British Columbia
...have any sores in your own mouth. I am not sure what the white spots would be. I would be less concerned about HIV (and oral thrush) and more concerned about other sexually transmitted infections for which you could be tested.
Read more »
High Anxiety: AIDS Anxiety in the Worried-Wells and Worried-Sicks, Part Two...demonstrates an AIDS-related panic attack as well as the anxiety that can be brought on by an HIV/AIDS diagnosis and disclosure worries. HELP ... I don't know what's happening to me Aug 20, 2010 Whether genetically, biologically or... Read more »Candidiasis (Thrush)... What Is Thrush? Can It Be Prevented? How Is It Treated? Natural Therapies The Bottom Line What Is Thrush? Candidiasis is a common Read more »High Anxiety: AIDS Anxiety in the Worried-Wells and Worried-Sicks, Part One... Read Part Two of this blog entry, posted on Sept. 23, 2010. Fear of an Epidemic Resulting in an Epidemic of Fear: The Worried-Wells Imagine being so frightened of contracting an illness that you begin believing God is sending you bad omens... Read more »What Are the Symptoms of HIV and AIDS?...obsessive-compulsiveness. The key is to realize when your fears about HIV are legitimate and when they're not. Keep in mind that, if you're worried that something you did put you at risk for HIV, no matter how "out there" you might think your... Read more »
Connect With Others
worried I've got HIV after oral without
Posted by anonymouslad, 6 Replies
...be nothing nothing to do with a possible std infection. But this along with regularly feeling mildly sick is getting me very worried I'm one of the tiny tiny percent of people who've been unlucky enough to get HIV through unprotected. Do these...
Read more »
Long-term HIV and Aids survivors' health worrying
Posted by ScotCharles
...From KaiserNet January 8, 2008 Some experts and doctors recently have voiced concerns that people who were diagnosed with HIV and Aids in the early years of the epidemic are experiencing "premature[e]" or "disproportionate numbers" of ailments...
Read more »
Worried Sick.. Is Yeast Infectious for HIV? (Long)
Posted by kdman, 1 Reply
...Q&A's over the past month and a bit... and it's helped as well as disheartened at the same time. I've been a textbook "Worried Well" over the past several weeks. I hope to believe that severe anxiety and stress has led me to all of the...
Read more »
Extremely Tormented!!! =(
Posted by Anonymous, 3 Replies
...considered higher risk individuals... From September 29th, 2003 to November 29th, 2003 a few episodes of unprotected genital rubbing (penis to vagina rubbing BUT no PENETRATION) and mutual masturbation (Including finger insertion and...
Read more »
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Winnipeg Free Press - PRINT EDITION
City council's audit fever clouds its audit amnesia
At city hall, 2012 seemed like it was the Year of the Audit. If you had a problem, an audit seemed to be the solution. So what should we expect when some of the audits proposed in 2012 are actually published in 2013?
To recap: After the fire hall land-swap controversy last fall, council commissioned a broad external audit of recent realty transactions. Cost overruns at Fire Hall 11 will be audited separately. Individual councillors also asked for a garbage-contract audit and a Waverley West road audit. In early December, I wrote to city council to complain that city policies weren't followed on three construction consulting contracts. The city's response: They added those contracts to the mandate of the realty audit.
I have great respect for Winnipeg's audit department and its work. But even the auditors themselves will tell you audits have their limits. For example, audits are time-consuming. Delaying corrective action while an audit is underway can leave room for more of the problems that sparked the audit in the first place.
When it comes to careless spending, auditors are often called in long after the cash has been wasted. Audits also have a poor record when it comes to attacking outright corruption. Auditors only played a minor role in exposing recent scandals in cities such as Montreal and Bell, Calif.
Audits are most useful as a source of advice to help prevent future waste or abuse. And there's the irony in council's 2012 audit fetish. After all, the recent surge of audit work is mostly focused on construction and real estate. Yet both areas were already audited thoroughly during the career arc of several sitting members of council.
Winnipeg's realty practices were audited extensively in 2000. Auditors criticized city hall for sole-sourced deals, poor due diligence and unnecessarily generous discounts and subsidies. They scolded councillors for intervening in price negotiations and for failing to hold public servants accountable when existing policies were ignored.
Does any of this sound familiar?
It should, since history is repeating itself. Councillors haggled directly with a leading bidder when they sold the Winnipeg Square parkade in 2009. It's hard to believe due diligence was done on the multimillion-dollar Parker land swap earlier that year, since it was walked on without notice to a closed-door council committee for approval. The city's fire chief admitted on TV he'd ignored city rules with his own land swap in 2012 -- without consequence. And the botched Parcel 4 deal sole-sourced valuable land to a subsidized buyer. You shouldn't need a rocket scientist, a brain surgeon or another auditor to see the lessons of the 2000 audit have been forgotten.
Things aren't much better in construction. In 2007-08, at the mayor's request, city staff worked hard to attack construction cost overruns. City auditors published their own findings on construction procedures in 2009.
By Winnipeg standards, both efforts produced a wave of reform. Contracts were frozen, the entire capital plan was updated for annualized inflation, and city auditors proposed new measures to promote transparency and price competition. The public service hired a full-time construction manager with industry experience so departments could access cost-effective price advice for all major projects.
That era is a memory. When the construction manager left city hall, he wasn't replaced. It took an explicit council directive to get cost updates for ongoing projects late last year. Despite months of controversy, no individual has yet accepted responsibility for a $2-million scope increase on Fire Hall 11.
Meanwhile, a spot check of the 2009-2012 capital budgets suggests many project costs in Winnipeg's five-year capital plan aren't being updated for inflation, even though a recent city report pegged the city's annual construction-inflation rate at five per cent.
So why are councillors demanding new audits to revisit these same problems?
Perhaps councillors are voting for audits because that's the toughest response they can muster in the face of a totally intransigent administration. Information is imprisoned at city hall, and even elected officials are filing freedom-of-information requests to access basic financial data. Councillors have audit fever because they see neutral audits as a tool to get basic facts staff research or routine committee hearings could turn up in most other cities.
If that's the motive here, we should be sympathetic. But it's important to limit expectations accordingly. If city hall can disregard audits tabled in 2000 or 2009, it can do the same with the next round of audits in 2013.
If there's no political will to actually enforce city policies or expect best practices, every new audit will be just another study in a town that's already rich in that particular commodity.
Brian Kelcey is a Winnipeg freelance writer.
Republished from the Winnipeg Free Press print edition January 5, 2013 A15
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TOMEY CORPORATION Patent applications | ||
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20140327918 | OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY - Provided is an optical tomographic device including a measurement optical system that irradiates light from a light source to inside a subject and guides reflected light therefrom; a reference optical system that guides the light from the light source as reference light; a calibration optical system that irradiates at least one calibration reflecting surface with light from the light source branched from the measurement or reference optical system, and guides the reflected light reflected by the calibration reflecting surface; a light-receiving element that receives the interfering light for measurement formed by synthesizing the reflected light guided by the measurement optical system and the reference light, and the interfering light for calibration formed by synthesizing the reflected light guided by the calibration optical system and the reference light; and an arithmetic logic unit that corrects the received interfering light for measurement by using an analysis result obtained by analyzing the received the interfering light for calibration. | 11-06-2014 |
20140152958 | Eye Refractive Power Measuring Apparatus and Calibration Method of Eye Refractive Power Measuring Apparatus - An eye refractive power measuring apparatus includes a light projecting optical system, a light receiving optical system, a focusing unit, a calibration optical system, a focus control unit, and an arithmetic unit. The arithmetic unit, based on a relation of a control signal obtained when a calibration beam is projected and a calibration value that is an output of a light receiving unit, and a correlation of a calibration value obtained in advance and eye refractive power, calculates a correlation of the control signal and the eye refractive power, and, based on a control signal obtained when measuring beam is projected, a measured value that is an output of the light receiving unit, and the correlation, calculates the eye refractive power. | 06-05-2014 |
20130293839 | OPHTHALMOLOGY APPARATUS - An ophthalmology apparatus may be provided with an input device, a processor, and an output device. The input device may be configured to input a corneal endothelial cell image to the processor. The corneal endothelial cell image can be obtained by photographing a corneal endothelial cell. The processor may be configured to extract a dark area from the corneal endothelial cell image input by the input device, and to analyze the extracted dark area. The output device may output a result of the analysis by the processor. | 11-07-2013 |
20130278898 | CORNEA IMAGING APPARATUS AND CORNEA IMAGING METHOD - A cornea imaging apparatus including: a collimation axis holding mechanism; an imaging mechanism; a Z-direction actuating means; an X-direction actuating means and a Y-direction actuating means; an inclination angle changing means that changes an inclination angle of an imaging center axis of the imaging mechanism against a collimation axis of an eye under examination; an endothelial configuration computing means that determines a corneal endothelial configuration; and a normal vector computing means that determines a normal vector direction at a given imaging position of the corneal endothelial configuration, wherein at the imaging position, the inclination angle and positions in the Z and X directions are set adjusted so as to align the imaging center axis of the imaging mechanism with the normal vector direction determined by the normal vector computing means. | 10-24-2013 |
20130229627 | OPHTHALMIC APPARATUS - An ophthalmic apparatus is provided with a light source, an optical measurement system, an optical reference system, an optical calibration system, a light receiving element, and a processor. The light receiving element receives an interference light for measurement produced by both the reflected light guided by the optical measurement system and the reference light guided by the optical reference system, and also receives an interference light for calibration produced by the calibration light guided by the optical calibration system and the reference light guided by the optical reference system. The processor determines a position of a measuring portion inside an eye to be examined by Fourier-analyzing the interference light for measurement and the interference light for calibration. | 09-05-2013 |
20090207376 | Apparatus for cross-sectional imaging of anterior ocular segment - An apparatus for cross-sectional imaging of an anterior ocular segment wherein a stationary cylindrical body disposed projecting out from a body of the apparatus, and an illuminating optical system and an imaging optical system are disposed within the cylindrical body with a front aperture of the cylindrical body as a common aperture thereof so as to be rotatable in unison about an eye-side optical axis of the illuminating optical system. At least one proximal direction reflecting mirror being disposed within an interior of the cylindrical body in proximity to the front aperture for reflecting scattered light by an examined eye on an optical axis of the imaging optical system to a direction proximate to an optical axis of the illuminating optical system. | 08-20-2009 |
20090149742 | APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR IMAGING ANTERIOR EYE PART BY OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY - An optical coherence tomography (OCT) anterior eye part imaging apparatus includes a tomographic image obtaining unit obtaining a tomographic image of an anterior eye part of subject's eye in a depth direction by optical coherence tomography, an imaging unit imaging a frontal image of subject's eye, a display unit displaying the image of subject's eye, a corneal apex location detecting unit detecting a location of subject's eye, an alignment unit moving an apparatus body relative to the holder so that the location of corneal apex corresponds with a predetermined image obtaining location, a designating unit designating an area or a location where the tomographic image is obtained on subject's frontal image displayed on the display unit, and a scan line setting unit setting a scan line in the tomographic image obtaining unit on a straight line passing the corneal apex according to the designated area or location. | 06-11-2009 |
20080309872 | Ophthalmologic Instrument - The present invention provides an opthalmologic apparatus that can noninvasively measure the state of the lacrimal layer formed on the cornea surface and that can quantitatively measure the state of the lacrimal layer without utilizing a reflection image from the retina. | 12-18-2008 |


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Mitch seemed to become more energized as I innocently expressed my interest in the climate change matter.
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Best ResponseYou've already chosen the best response.0Guilds and a Changing Economy Do you know how cities, merchants, artisans, and money changers changed the European economy in the Middle Ages? Study this painting of a 15th century market town in the Netherlands. Think about how this painting reflects what life was like in the Late Middle Ages. You will analyze the painting to complete this assessment activity. Your analysis will be focused on discovering three parts of the painting that show evidence of change in Late Medieval European society and economy. Focus on the interactions between people and try to determine what activity is going on? How does this activity reflect the change in European society or the economy that is happening as guilds developed? © Public Domain Ethics, Politics, and Culture, a 15th century painting of a market in the Netherlands Keep the following in mind as you analyze the painting: •Consider how the painting reflects the economic and social changes of the late medieval period in Europe. •Identify three features from the painting, and explain how each feature represents a significant change that took place during this period of history. •Make sure you select three unique interactions. Your explanations for each of the three interactions should not be the same as or significantly similar to) your explanations for the other interactions. •Use complete sentences to express your ideas, and make sure that your explanations are thorough. This means that each answer should be at least two sentences.
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Swedish phonology
Swedish has a large vowel inventory, with nine vowels distinguished in quality and to some degree quantity, making 17 vowel phonemes in most dialects. Swedish pronunciation of most consonants is similar to that of other Germanic languages. Another notable feature is the pitch accent, which is unusual for European languages.
There are 18 consonant phonemes of which /ɧ/ and /r/ show considerable variation depending on both social and dialectal context.
Standard pronunciation[edit]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (October 2014) |
Contrary to the situation with Danish or Finnish, there is not a uniform nation-wide spoken Standard Swedish.[citation needed] Instead there are several regional standard varieties (acrolects or prestige dialects), i.e. the most intelligible or prestigious forms of spoken Swedish, each within its area.[citation needed] Within Sweden, actors, singers and TV-personalities are often advised to "neutralize" their dialects by assimilating Central (Svealand) Swedish pronunciation.[citation needed]
The differences in the phonology of the various forms of prestigious Central Swedish can be considerable, although as a rule less marked than between localized dialects, including differences in prosody, vowel quality and assimilation. The differences between the various regional dialects may be compared with those of General American, Australian English, and British Received Pronunciation.[citation needed]
In Sweden, the Central Swedish varieties often go under the name of rikssvenska ('National Swedish')
- All pronunciations below are made by a male native speaker of Swedish, age 25, in a variety of Central Standard Swedish spoken in the greater Stockholm region.
Swedish has 9 vowels that, as with many other Germanic languages, come in long and short pairs.[1] The length covaries with the quality of the vowels, as shown below, with short variants being more centered and lax.[2] Traditionally, length has been viewed as the primary distinction, with quality being secondary.[3] No short vowels appear in open stressed syllables.[4] The front vowels appear in rounded-unrounded pairs.
/ɛː/, /ɛ/ (in stressed syllables), /øː/ (with a few exceptions), and /œ/ are lowered to [æː], [æ], [œ̞ː] and [œ̞], respectively, when preceding /r/.[5] In some Swedish varieties, traditionally spoken around Gothenburg and in Östergötland, but today more widely spoken e.g. in Stockholm and especially by younger speakers, [œ̞] is used in other contexts as well. Words like fördömande ('judging') and fördummande ('dumbing') are then often pronounced similarly, if not identically.[6]
- ära /ɛːra/ → [æːra]; ('honor') listen (help·info)
- ärt: /ɛrt/ → [æʈː] ('pea') listen (help·info)
- öra /øːra/ → [œ̞ːra]; ('ear') listen (help·info)
- dörr: /dœr/ → [dœ̞rː] ('door') listen (help·info)
Unstressed /ɛ/ is realized as [ə], i.e. a basic schwa.[7] This feature is common to most varieties of Swedish. (e.g. begå, 'to commit' /bɛˈɡoː/ → [bəˈɡoː]).
In many central and eastern areas (including Stockholm), the contrast between short /ɛ/ and /e/ is lost, especially the short variants,[8] except before /r/ when the small vowel distinction between the words herre 'master' and märr 'mare' is kept.[9] The loss of this contrast has the effect that hetta ('heat') and hätta ('cap') are pronounced the same. Long /ɑː/ is weakly rounded [ɒ̜ː].[10][11]
One of the varieties of /iː/ is made with a constriction that is more forward than usual.[12] Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996) describe this vowel as being pronounced "by slightly lowering the body of the tongue while simultaneously raising the blade of the tongue (...) Acoustically this pronunciation is characterized by having a very high F3, and an F2 which is lower than that in /eː/."[12] They suggest that this may be the usual Stockholm pronunciation of /iː/.[12]
In a number of dialects of Swedish, /ʉː/ is a central vowel. However, in Central Standard Swedish it is more front.
Rounded vowels have two types of rounding:
- /ɵ/, /ʉː/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ are compressed [ɘ̞ᵝ], [ɪᵝː], [ʊᵝ] and [ɯᵝː][13][14][15]
- /ʏ/, /yː/, /œ/, /øː/, /ɔ/[citation needed], /oː/[citation needed] and /ɑː/[citation needed] are protruded [ɪʷ], [iʷː], [ɛ̝ʷ], [eʷː], [ʌʷ], [ɤʷː] and [ɑʷː].[13][14][16]
Type of rounding is the primary way of distinguishing /ʉː/ from /yː/, especially in Central Standard Swedish.
There is some variation in the interpretations of vowel length's phonemicity. Elert (1964),[17] for example, treats vowel quantity as its own separate phoneme (a "prosodeme") so that long and short vowels are allophones of a single vowel phoneme.
Vowel | Example | Vowel | Example | ||||
iː |
ɪ |
eː |
ɛ |
ɛː |
ɛ |
ɑː |
a |
oː |
ɔ |
uː |
ʊ |
ʉː |
ɵ |
yː |
ʏ |
øː |
œ |
Patterns of diphthongs of long vowels occur in three major dialect groups. In Central Standard Swedish, the high vowels /iː/, /yː/, /ʉː/ and /uː/ can be phonetically a short vowel followed by the corresponding fricative[10] (also described as approximant)[18] [iʝ], [yɥ̝], [ʏβ̝], and [uw̝] or [ij], [yɥ], [ʏβ̞], and [uw].[10] The rounding of the fricative/approximant agrees with the rounding of the vowel, so that [ʝ] / [j] is unrounded, [ɥ̝] / [ɥ] is protruded,[18] more narrowly transcribed [ʝʷ] / [jʷ], and both [β̝] / [β̞] and [w̝] / [w] are compressed, more narrowly transcribed [β̝ᵝ] / [β̞ᵝ] and [ɣᵝ] / [ɰᵝ]. /eː/, /øː/ and /oː/ are often realized as centering diphthongs [eə], [øə] and [oə].
In Southern Swedish dialects, particularly in Scania, the diphthongs are preceded by a rising of the tongue from a central position so that /ʉː/ and /ɑː/ are realized as [eʉ] and [aɑ] respectively, i.e. rising diphthongs. A third type of distinctive diphthongs occur in the dialects of Gotland. The pattern of diphthongs is more complex than those of southern and eastern Sweden; /eː/, /øː/ and /ʉː/ tend to rise while and /ɛː/ and /oː/ fall; /uː/, /iː/, /yː/ and /ɑː/ are not diphthongized at all.[19]
The table below shows the Swedish consonant phonemes and the range of their realizations in spoken Standard Swedish.[20]
Bilabial | Labio- dental |
Dental | Retroflex /Alveolar |
Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||||||||
Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||
Stop | p | b | t | d | k | ɡ | ||||||||
Approximant | v | r | j | h | ||||||||||
Fricative | f | s | ɕ | ɧ | ||||||||||
Trill | ||||||||||||||
Lateral | l |
Phoneme (IPA) |
Example | ||
p |
b |
t |
d |
k |
ɡ |
Initial fortis stops (/p, t, k/) are aspirated in stressed position, but unaspirated when preceded by /s/ within the same morpheme.[21] Hence ko ('cow') is [kʰuː], but sko ('shoe') becomes [skuː]. Compare English [kʰuːɫ] ('cool') vs [skuːɫ] ('school'). Preaspiration of medial[22] and final fortis stops,[23] including the devoicing of preceding sonorants[24] is common,[25][26] though its length and normativity varies from dialect to dialect, being optional (and idiolectal[27]) in Central Standard Swedish but obligatory in, for example, the Swedish dialects of Gräsö,[28] Vemdalen, and Arjeplog.[29] In Gräsö, preaspiration is blocked in certain environments (such as an /s/ following the fortis consonant[30] or a morpheme boundary between the vowel and the consonant[31]), while it is a general feature of fortis medial consonants in Central Standard Swedish.[32] When not preaspirated, medial and final fortis stops are simply unaspirated.[33] In clusters of fortis stops, the second "presonorant" stop is unaspirated and the former patterns with other medial final stops (that is, it is either unaspirated or is preaspirated.[34]
The phonetic attributes of preaspiration also varies. In the Swedish of Stockholm, preaspiration is often realized as a fricative subject to the character of surrounding vowels or consonants so that it may be labial, velar, or dental; it may also surface as extra length of the preceding vowel.[35] In the province of Härjedalen, though, it resembles [h] or [x].[36] The duration of preaspiration is highest in the dialects of Vemdalen and Arjeplog.[37] Helgason notes that preaspiration is longer after short vowels, in lexically stressed syllables, as well as in pre-pausal position.[38][39]
Phoneme (IPA) |
Example | ||
f |
v |
s |
ɧ |
ɕ |
j |
h |
/s/ is dental [s̪] in Central Standard Swedish,[40][41] but retracted alveolar [s̠] in Blekinge,[42] Bohuslän,[42] Halland[42] and Scania.[42]
The Swedish fricatives /ɕ/ and /ɧ/ are often considered to be the most difficult aspects of Swedish pronunciation for foreign students. The combination of occasionally similar and rather unusual sounds as well as the large variety of partly overlapping allophones of /ɧ/ often presents difficulties for non-natives in telling the two apart. The existence of a third sibilant in the form of /s/ tends to confuse matters even more, and in some cases realizations that are labiodental can also be confused with /f/. In Finland Swedish, /ɕ/ is an affricate: [t͡ɕ] or [t͡ʃ].[43]
The Swedish phoneme /ɧ/ (the "sje-sound" or voiceless postalveolar-velar fricative) and its alleged coarticulation is a difficult and complex issue debated amongst phoneticians.[44] Though the acoustic properties of its [ɧ] allophones are fairly similar, the realizations can vary considerably according to geography, social status, age, gender as well as social context and are notoriously difficult to describe and transcribe accurately. Most common are various [ɧ]-like sounds, with [ʂ] occurring mainly in northern Sweden and [ɕ] in Finland. A voiceless uvular fricative, [χ], can sometimes be used in the varieties influenced by major immigrant languages like Arabic and Kurdish. The different realizations can be divided roughly into the following categories:[45]
- "Dark sounds" - [ɧ], and [x], commonly used in the Southern Standard Swedish. Some of the varieties specific, but not exclusive, to areas with a larger immigrant population commonly realize the phoneme as a voiceless uvular fricative [χ].
- "Light sounds" - [ʂ], used in the northern varieties and [ʃ], and [ɕ] (or something in between) in Finland Swedish.
- Combination of "light" and "dark" - darker sounds are used as morpheme initials preceding stressed vowels (sjuk, station; "sick", "station"), while the lighter sounds are used before unstressed vowels and at the end of morphemes (bagage, dusch; 'baggage', 'shower').
/v/ and /j/ are pronounced with weak friction and function phonotactically with the sonorants.[46]
Phoneme (IPA) |
Example | ||
m |
n |
ŋ |
r |
l |
/r/ has distinct variations in Standard Swedish. The realization as an alveolar trill occurs among most speakers only in contexts where emphatic stress is used. In Central Swedish, it is often pronounced as a fricative (transcribed as [ʐ])[47] or approximant (transcribed as [ɹ]),[48] which is especially frequent in weakly articulated positions such as word-finally[49] and somewhat less frequent in stressed syllable onsets, in particular after other consonants.[50] It may also be an apico-alveolar tap.[51] One of the most distinct features of the southern varieties is the uvular realization of /r/, which may be a trill [ʀ],[52] a fricative [ʁ] or an approximant [ʁ̞]. The last one is the standard realization of /r/ in Danish.[53]
input | output | gloss | ||
Inflection | /før–t/ | [fœ̞ːʈ] | fört | 'brought' sup |
/før–s/ | [fœ̞ːʂ] | förs | 'is brought' pass | |
Derivation | /før–tal/ | [fœ̞ˈʈʰɑːl] | förtal | 'slander' |
/før–sɔrj/ | [fœ̞ˈʂɔrj] | försorg | 'taking care' | |
Compounds | /før–tʉr/ | [ˈfœ̞ːʈʰʉ̟ːr] | förtur | 'priority' |
/før–sal/ | [ˈfœ̞ːˌʂɑːl] | försal | 'entrance hall' | |
Across words | /før tɵnː/ | [fœ̞ˈʈʰɵnː] | för tunn | 'too thin' |
/før sen/ | [fœ̞ˈʂeːn] | för sen | 'too late' |
In most varieties of Swedish that use an alveolar /r/ (in particular, the central and northern forms), the combination of /r/ with dental consonants (/t, d, n, l, s/) produces retroflex consonant realizations, a recursive sandhi process called "retroflexion".[55] Thus, /kɑːrta/ ("map") is realized as [kʰɑːʈa], /nuːrd/ ("north") as [nuːɖ], /vɛːnern/ ('Vänern') as [vɛːnəɳ], and /fɛrsk/ ('fresh') as [fæʂːk]. The combination of /r/ and /l/, does not uniformly cause retroflexion, so that it may also be pronounced with two separate consonants [rl], and even, occasionally in a few words and expressions, as a mere [l]. Thus sorl ('murmur') may be pronounced [soːɭ], but also [soːrl].[56]
As the table to the right shows, this process is not limited by word boundaries, though there is still some sensitivity to the type of boundary between the /r/ and the dental in that retroflexion is less likely with boundaries higher up in the prosodic hierarchy.[57] In the southern varieties, which use a uvular /r/,[58] retroflex realizations don't occur.[59] For example, /kɑːrta/ ('map') is realized as [kʰɑʁta], etc.[60] A double sequence /rr/ usually won't trigger retroflexion so that spärrnät ('anti-sub net') is pronounced [ˈspærːˌnɛːt].[61] The process of retroflexion is not limited to just one dental, and e.g. först is pronounced [fœ̞ʂʈ].[62]
Variations of /l/ are not as common, though some phonetic variation exists, such as a retroflex flap [ɽ] that exists as an allophone in proximity to a labial or velar consonant (e.g. glad, 'glad') or after most long vowels.[63]
In casual speech, the nasals tend to assimilate to the place of articulation of a following obstruent so that, for example, han kom ('he came') is pronounced [haŋ ˈkʰɔmː].[64]
Stress and pitch[edit]
This section needs additional citations for verification. (October 2010) |
As in English, there are many Swedish word pairs that are differentiated by stress:
- formel [ˈfɔrːmɛl] — 'formula'
- formell [fɔrˈmɛlː] — 'formal'
Stressed syllables differentiate two tones,[65] often described as pitch accents, or tonal word accents by Scandinavian linguists.[66] They are called acute and grave accent, tone/accent 1 and tone/accent 2, or Single Tone and Double Tone. The actual realizations of these two tones varies from dialect to dialect.[67] In Standard Central Swedish, for example, the acute accent has a low tone while the grave accent has a high one.[68] Generally, the grave accent is characterized by a later timing of the intonational pitch rise as compared with the acute accent; the so-called two-peaked dialects (such as Central and Western Swedish) also have another, earlier pitch peak in the grave accent, hence the term "two-peaked".
The phonemicity of this tonal system is demonstrated in the nearly 300 pairs of two-syllable words differentiated only by their use of either grave or acute accent. Outside of these pairs, the main tendency for tone is that the acute accent appears in monosyllables (since the grave accent cannot appear in monosyllabic words) while the grave accent appears in polysyllabic words.[69] Polysyllabic forms resulting from declension or derivation also tend to have a grave accent except when it is the definite article that is added. This tonal distinction has been present in Scandinavian dialects at least since Old Norse though a greater number of polysyllables now have an acute accent. These are mostly words that were monosyllabic in Old Norse, but have subsequently become disyllabic, as have many loanwords.[70] For example, Old Norse kømr ('comes') has become kommer in Swedish (with an acute accent).[71]
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- Acute accent: anden [ˈa᷇ndɛ̀n] or [ˈan˥˧dɛn˩] — 'the duck' (from and 'duck')
In Central Swedish, this is a high, slightly falling tone followed by a low tone; that is, a single drop from high to low pitch spread over two syllables.
- Grave accent: anden [ˈa᷆ndɛ̂n] or [ˈan˧˩dɛn˥˩] — 'the spirit' (from ande 'spirit')
In Central Swedish, a mid falling tone followed by a high falling tone; that is, a double falling tone.
The exact realization of the tones also depends on the syllable's position in an utterance. For instance, at the beginning of an utterance, the acute accent may have a rising rather than slightly falling pitch on the first syllable. Also, these are word tones that are spread across the syllables of the word. In the grave accent, trisyllabic words the second fall in pitch is distributed across the second and third syllables, with the result that the pitches are mid–low falling, high–mid falling, and low:[clarification needed]
- Grave-accent trisyllable: flickorna [ˈflɪ᷆kːʊ᷇ɳà] or [ˈflɪ˧˩kːʊ˥˧ɳa˩] — 'the girls'
The position of the tone is dependent upon stress: The first stressed syllable has a high or falling tone, as does the following syllable(s) in grave-accented words.
Prosody in Swedish often varies substantially between different dialects including the spoken varieties of Standard Swedish. As in most languages, stress can be applied to emphasize certain words in a sentence. To some degree prosody may indicate questions, although less so than in English.
In most Finland-Swedish varieties, however, the distinction between grave and acute accent is missing.
At a minimum, a word must consist of either a long vowel or a short vowel and a long consonant.[72] Like many other Germanic languages, Swedish has a tendency for closed syllables with a relatively large amount of consonant clusters in initial as well as final position. Though not as complex as that of most Slavic languages, examples of up to 7 consecutive consonants can occur when adding Swedish inflections to some foreign loanwords or names, and especially when combined with the tendency of Swedish to make long compound nouns. The syllable structure of Swedish can therefore be described with the following formula:
This means that a Swedish one-syllable morpheme can have up to three consonants preceding the vowel that forms the nucleus of the syllable, and three consonants following it. Examples: skrämts [skrɛmːts] (verb 'scare' past participle, passive voice) or sprängts [sprɛŋːts] (verb 'explode' past participle, passive voice). All but one of the consonant phonemes, /ŋ/, can occur at the beginning of a morpheme, though there are only 6 possible three-consonant combinations, all of which begin with /s/, and a total of 31 initial two-consonant combinations. All consonants except for /h/ and /ɕ/ can occur finally, and the total amount of possible final two-consonant clusters is 62.
In some cases this can result in near-unpronounceable combinations, such as in västkustskt, consisting of västkust ('west coast') with the adjective suffix -sk and the neuter suffix -t.[73]
Central Standard Swedish and most other Swedish dialects feature a rare "complementary quantity" feature[74] wherein a phonologically short consonant follows a long vowel and a long consonant follows a short vowel; this is true only for stressed syllables and all segments are short in unstressed syllables.[75][76] This arose from the historical shift away from a system with a four-way contrast (that is, VːCː, VC, VːC, and VCː were all possible) inherited from Proto-Germanic to a three-way one (VC, VːC, and VCː), and finally the present two-way one; certain Swedish dialects have not undergone these shifts and exhibit one of the other two phonotactic systems instead.[77] In literature on Swedish phonology, there are a number of ways to transcribe complementary relationship, including:[78]
- A length mark ː for either the vowel (/viːt/),[79] the consonant (/vitː/),[80] or both.
- Gemination of the consonant (/vit/ vs. /vitt/)
- Diphthongization of the vowel (/vijt/ vs. /vit/)
- The position of the stress marker (/viˈt/ vs. /vitˈ/)
With the conventional assumption that medial long consonants are ambisyllabic (that is, penna, 'pen', is syllabified as [ˈpɛn.na]), all stressed syllables are thus "heavy".[81] In unstressed syllables, the distinction is lost between /u/ and /o/ or between /e/ /ɛ/.[82] With each successive post-stress syllable, the number of contrasting vowels decreases gradually with distance from the point of stress; at three syllables from stress, only [a] and [ə] occur.[83]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (October 2014) |
The sample text is a reading of The North Wind and the Sun. The transcriptions are based on the section on Swedish found in The Handbook on the International Phonetic Association. The broad transcription is phonemic while the narrow is phonetic.
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Broad transcription[edit]
/nuːrdanvɪndɛn ɔ suːlɛn tvɪstadɛ ɛn ɡoŋ ɔm vɛm ɑv dɔm sɔm vɑr starkast || jɵst do kɔm ɛn vandrarɛ vɛːɡɛn fram ɪnsveːpt ɪ ɛn varm kapa || dɔm kɔm doː øvɛrɛns ɔm at dɛn sɔm fœrst kɵndɛ fo vandrarɛn at ta ɑv sɛj kapan | han skɵlɛ anseːs vɑra starkarɛ ɛn dɛn andra || doː bloːstɛ nuːrdnvɪndɛn sɔ hoːrt han nɔnsɪn kɵndɛ | mɛn jʉ hoːrdarɛ han bloːstɛ dɛstʊ tɛːtarɛ sveːptɛ vandrarɛn kapan ɔm sɛj | ɔ tɪ slʉːt ɡɑv nuːrdanvɪndɛn ɵp fœrsøːkɛt || doː lɛːt suːlɛn sɪna stroːlar ɧiːna helt varmt ɔ jènast tuːɡ vandrarɛn ɑv sɛj kapan ɔ so vɑ nuːrdanvɪndɛn tvɵŋɛn atː eːrɕɛna at suːlɛn vɑː dɛn stàrkastɛ ɑv dɔm tvoː/
Narrow transcription[edit]
[ˈnuːɖaɱˌvɪnːdən ɔ ˈsuːlən ˈtv̥ɪsːtadə ɛŋ ɡɔŋː ɔɱ ˈvɛmˑ ɑˑv ˈdɔmˑ sɔɱ vɑː ˈstaɹːkʲast || ˈjɵst ˈd̥oː ˈkʰɔm ɛɱ ˈvanːdɾaɾə ˈvɛːɡəɱ fɾamˑ ˈɪnːˌsv̥eə̯pt iˑ ɛɱ vaɹˑm ˈkʲʰapːa || dɔm kʰɔm ˈdoː øə̯vəˈɾɛnːs ˈɔmˑ at d̥ɛnˑ sɔmˑ fɵʂˑʈ kʰɵndə fo ˈvanˑdɹaɹən at tʰɑː ˈɑːv sɛj ˈkʲʰapːan | hanˑ skɵlːə ˈanˑˌseːs ˈvɑ ˈstarːkʲaɾə ɛn dɛn ˈanˑdɾa || doː ˈbloə̯stə ˈnuwɖaɱˌvɪnˑdən soː hoə̯ʈ han ˈnɔnˑsɪn ˈkʰɵnːdə | mɛn jɵ ˈhoːɖaɾə ham ˈbloə̯stə dɛstʊ ˈtʰɛːtaɾə ˈsv̥eə̯ptə ˈvanˑdɹaɹəŋ ˈkʲʰapːan ˈɔmˑ sɛj | ɔ tɪ slʏ̹ːt ɡɑːv ˈnuːɖaɱˌvɪnˑdən ɵpː fœ̞ˈʂøə̯kət || doː lɛːt ˈsuːlən sɪna ˈstɾoːlaɹ ˈɧiːna heːlt vaɹːmt ɔ ˈʝeːnast tʰuːɡ ˈvanˑdɹ̝aɹən ˈɑːv sɛj ˈkʲʰapːan ɔ soː vɑ ˈnuːɖaɱˌvɪnˑdən ˈtv̥ɵŋːːən at ˈeːɹˌɕɛnːa atˑ ˈsuːləɱ vɑː ɖɛn ˈstaɹːkʲastə ɑːv dɔmˑ tv̥oə̯]
Orthographic version[edit]
Nordanvinden och solen tvistade en gång om vem av dem som var starkast. Just då kom en vandrare vägen fram insvept i en varm kappa. De kom då överens om att den som först kunde få vandraren att ta av sig kappan, han skulle anses vara starkare än den andra. Då blåste nordanvinden så hårt han nånsin kunde, men ju hårdare han blåste desto tätare svepte vandraren kappan om sig, och till slut gav nordanvinden upp försöket. Då lät solen sina strålar skina helt varmt och genast tog vandraren av sig kappan och så var nordanvinden tvungen att erkänna att solen var den starkaste av de två.
- ^ Andersson (2002:272)
- ^ Andersson (2002:272)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:26), citing Elert (1964), Gårding (1974), and Bannert (1976)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:7–8)
- ^ Eliasson (1986:273)
- ^ Engstrand (2004:115–16)
- ^ Andersson (2002:272)
- ^ Fant (1983:2)
- ^ Andersson (2002:273)
- ^ a b c Engstrand (1999:141)
- ^ Andersson (2002:272)
- ^ a b c Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:292). The symbols "i" and "e" used in the original citation were changed to /iː/ and /eː/ to keep this article consistent.
- ^ a b Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:295–296)
- ^ a b Engstrand (1999:141)
- ^ Elmquist (1915:31)
- ^ Elmquist (1915:33)
- ^ cited in Schaeffler (2005:8)
- ^ a b McAllister, Lubker & Carlson (1974), cited in Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:295)
- ^ Elert (2000:38–43)
- ^ Table adapted from Engstrand (2004:167)
- ^ Engstrand (1999:141)
- ^ Helgason (1998:53)
- ^ Ringen & Helgason (2004:56)
- ^ Helgason (1999a:80)
- ^ Tronnier (2002:33)
- ^ Helgason (1999b:1851)
- ^ Helgason (1999b:1854)
- ^ Wretling, Strangert & Schaeffler (2002:703), citing Helgason (1999a)
- ^ Wretling, Strangert & Schaeffler (2002:706)
- ^ Helgason (1999b:1853)
- ^ Helgason (1999a:80)
- ^ Helgason (1999a:80)
- ^ Ringen & Helgason (2004:59)
- ^ Petrova et al. (2006:20), citing Ringen & Helgason (2004)
- ^ Liberman (1978:64ff)
- ^ Liberman (1978:64ff)
- ^ Wretling, Strangert & Schaeffler (2002:704)
- ^ Helgason (1998:53)
- ^ Helgason (1999b:1852–1853)
- ^ Engstrand (1999:140-141)
- ^ Engstrand (2004:167)
- ^ a b c d Adams (1975:289)
- ^ Andersson (2002:273)
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:171–172, 329–330)
- ^ Garlén (1988:71–72)
- ^ Andersson (2002:274)
- ^ Elert, Claes-Christian. 1998. Allmän och svensk fonetik
- ^ Engstrand (1999:141)
- ^ Andersson (2002:273)
- ^ Elert, Claes-Christian. 1998. Allmän och svensk fonetik
- ^ Andersson (2002:273)
- ^ Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996:225–226)
- ^ Grønnum (1998:100)
- ^ Table modified from Hamann (2003:84), citing Eliasson (1986).
- ^ Eliasson (1986:278–279). "postalveolarization" and "supradentalization" are also common terms.
- ^ Eliasson (1986:279)
- ^ Hamann (2003:84) citing Eliasson (1986:282)
- ^ Those south of Kalmar, Jönköping and Falkenberg; a little north of these cities, a uvular rhotic appears in initial position and as a long consonant ((Andersson 2002:273))
- ^ Andersson (2002:274)
- ^ Garlén (1988:73–74)
- ^ Eliasson (1986:281)
- ^ Andersson (2002:274)
- ^ Andersson (2002:273–274)
- ^ Eliasson (1986:276)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:4)
- ^ Thorén (1997)
- ^ Liberman (1982:3)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:4)
- ^ Liberman (1982:13)
- ^ Engstrand (2004:186–190)
- ^ Liberman (1982:13)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:7)
- ^ Garlén (1988:101–114)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:9)
- ^ Wretling, Strangert & Schaeffler (2002:703)
- ^ Tronnier (2002:33)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:39)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:8), citing Elert (1964)
- ^ for example, Elert (1964:43)
- ^ for example, Eliasson & La Pelle (1973) and Riad (1992)
- ^ Schaeffler (2005:8)
- ^ Andersson (2002:273)
- ^ Garlén (1988:101–114)
- Adams, Douglas Q. (1975), "The Distribution of Retracted Sibilants in Medieval Europe", Language (Linguistic Society of America) 51 (2): 282–292, doi:10.2307/412855, JSTOR 412855
- Andersson, Erik (2002), "Swedish", in König, Ekkehard; van der Auwera, Johan, The Germanic Languages, Routledge language family descriptions, Routledge, pp. 271–312, ISBN 0-415-28079-6
- Bannert, R. (1976), Mittelbayerische Phonologie auf Akustischer und Perzeptorischer Grundlage, Lund: Gleerup
- Elert, Claes-Christian (1964), Phonologic Studies of Quantity in Swedish, Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell
- Elert, Claes-Christian (2000), Allmän och svensk fonetik (in Swedish), Stockholm: Norstedts, ISBN 91-1-300939-7
- Eliasson, Stig (1986), "Sandhi in Peninsular Scandinavian", in Anderson, Henning, Sandhi Phenomena in the Languages of Europe, Berlin: de Gruyter, pp. 271–300
- Eliasson, Stig; La Pelle, N. (1973), "Generativa regler för svenskans kvantitet", Arkiv för nordisk filologi 88: 133–148
- Elmquist, A. Louis (1915), Swedish phonology, Chicago: The Engberg-Holmberg Publishing Company
- Engstrand, Olle (1999), "Swedish", Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A Guide to the usage of the International Phonetic Alphabet., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 140–142, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
- Engstrand, Olle (2004), Fonetikens grunder (in Swedish), Lund: Studenlitteratur, ISBN 91-44-04238-8
- Fant, G. (1983), "Feature analysis of Swedish vowels - a revisit", Speech, Music and Hearing Quarterly Progress and Status Report 24 (2-3): 1–19
- Garlén, Claes (1988), Svenskans fonologi (in Swedish), Lund: Studenlitteratur, ISBN 91-44-28151-X
- Gårding, E. (1974), Kontrastiv prosodi, Lund: Gleerup
- Grønnum, Nina (1998), "Illustrations of the IPA: Danish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association 28 (1 & 2): 99–105, doi:10.1017/s0025100300006290
- Hamann, Silke (2003), The Phonetics and Phonology of Retroflexes, Utrecht, ISBN 90-76864-39-X
- Helgason, Pétur (1998), "On-line preaspiration in Swedish: implications for historical sound change", Proceedings of Sound Patterns of Spontaneous Speech 98, pp. 51–54
- Helgason, Pétur (1999a), "Preaspiration and sonorant devoicing in the Gräsö dialect: preliminary findings.", Proceedings of The Swedish Phonetics Conference 1999, Gothenberg Papers in Theoretical Linguistics, Göteborg University, pp. 77–80
- Helgason, Pétur (1999b), "Phonetic preconditions for the development of normative preaspiration", Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences, San Francisco, pp. 1851–1854
- Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-19814-8.
- Liberman, Anatoly (1978), "Pseudo-støds in Scandinavian languages", Orbis 27: 52–76
- Liberman, Anatoly (1982), Germanic Accentology, 1: The Scandinavian Languages, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press
- McAllister, Robert; Lubker, James; Carlson, Johann (1974), "An EMG study of some characteristics of the Swedish rounded vowels", Journal of Phonetics 2: 267–278
- Petrova, Olga; Plapp, Rosemary; Ringen, Ringen; Szentgyörgyi, Szilárd (2006), "Voice and aspiration: Evidence from Russian, Hungarian, German, Swedish, and Turkish", The Linguistic Review 23: 1–35, doi:10.1515/tlr.2006.001
- Riad, T. (1992), Structures in Germanic Prosody, Department of Scandinavian Languages, Stockholm University
- Ringen, Catherine; Helgason, Pétur (2004), "Distinctive [voice] does not imply regressive assimilation: evidence from Swedish", International Journal of English Studies: Advances in Optimality Theory 4 (2): 53–71
- Schaeffler, Felix (2005), "Phonological Quantity in Swedish Dialects", Phonum 10
- Thorén, Bosse (1997), Swedish prosody
- Tronnier, Mechtild (2002), "Preaspiration in Southern Swedish dialects", Proceedings of Fonetik 44 (1): 33–36
- Wretling, P.; Strangert, E.; Schaeffler, F. (2002), "Quantity and Preaspiration in Northern Swedish Dialects", in Bel, B; Marlien, I., Proceedings of the Speech Prosody 2002 conference, Aix-en-Provence: Laboratoire Parole et Langage, pp. 703–706
Further reading[edit]
- Garlén, Claes (2003), Svenska Spraknamndens Uttalsordbok, Svenska Spraknamnden, ISBN 978-9172273092
- Hedelin, Per (1997), Norstedts Svenska Uttalslexikon, Norstedts Ordbok, ISBN 9789119711229
External links[edit]


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When my brother was little, my Mom made a large circle of denim fabric that had a drawstring cord around the outside edge. Legos stayed on the fabric and when he was done playing, he just pulled the drawstring up and hung it on a hook in his closet, like a giant bag.
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Four 12" x 12" lightly textured papers in soft pastel shades with beautiful flowers and butterflies, just to make you feel as if you are strolling in a garden. Use these papers as overlays or recolor them to suit your spring or garden kits.
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2001 Hyundai Accent
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2001 Hyundai Accent Review
Hyundai is on the rise, but this car isn't quite ready for a full-fledged recommendation.
Reviewed by Automotive on
The 2001 Hyundai Accent has some excellent attributes that buyers should consider before making a final decision. Near the top of the attributes list is the Accent's price. It's substantially cheaper than most sedans and hatchbacks targeted at similar audiences. You also get an excellent warranty that will protect your investment for up to ten years or 100,000 miles.
However, there are some downsides to buying the Accent. This is a very lightweight car that received mediocre ratings in crash tests. You might need a trip to the hospital if a hulking SUV so much as taps your bumper. The engines are also underwhelming and the handling could be improved.
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The Range
- Body Styles: hatchback, sedan
- Engines: 1.5-liter four-cylinder engine, 1.6-liter four-cylinder engine
- Transmissions: five-speed manual transmission, four-speed automatic transmission
- Models: Hyundai Accent L, Hyundai Accent GS, Hyundai Accent GL
What's New
For 2001, Hyundai has upgraded the GL and GS models with a 1.6-liter, DOHC four-cylinder engine.
The 2001 Hyundai Accent has a simple exterior that, frankly, is a bit boring. You've seen countless cars that look similar to this, so you're not exactly going to make a statement on the highway. Then again, who expected to make a positive fashion statement with a Hyundai? The Accent looks good enough for practical, everyday use. If you're in the market for this kind of car, you can't hold out for a chiseled body of perfection.
Hyundai made a smart move when designing the 2001 Accent's interior: it kept things simple. The front panel and instrumentation have a clean, sleek look with sensible and practical placement. The center stack has climate and radio controls that are easier to use than many cars that cost more than twice as much.
Even though the Accent has a simple interior, it actually has quite a few impressive features that come standard. If you're willing to pay extra, you can make the Accent downright luxurious. A cassette player, ventilation ducts, and rear seat heating come standard, as does a fold-down armrest and power steering. Oddly enough, air-conditioning is not standard.
The GS and GL get a bit fancier with improved carpeting, driver's seat lumbar support, tinted glass, and a 60/40 folding rear seat. You can also add air-conditioning, power mirrors, a CD player, and a handful of other features.
Performance & Handling
The 2001 Hyundai Accent base L model comes with a 1.5-liter, 92-hp, SOHC, four-cylinder engine. The GS and GL come standard with a 1.6-liter, 105-hp version that is available as an option for the L. The small engine means that you don't get a lot of power from the Accent. This is an entry-level vehicle at a great price, though, so you can't complain too much just because it doesn't give you thrills.
In addition to the standard five-speed manual transmission, you can choose an optional four-speed transmission that performs rather well. The automatic is only available for the GS and GL.
Looking at the 2001 Accent's 13-inch wheels, potential drivers won't have much confidence in its handling. They might be pleasantly surprised, but only because it doesn't handle as poorly as expected. The stabilizer bars don't help much in these matters. Body lean is a slight problem that could have been fixed with some minor corrections.
The 2001 Hyundai Accent has struts that make it float along the road. The dual-link rear suspension and front independent suspension by MacPherson offer the ride of a pricier car. The ride is further enhanced by the quiet hydraulic engine.
Little is known about the 2001 Hyundai Accent's level of safety, as the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety has not performed crash tests on the L or GS models. The NHTSA gives the 2001 Accent GL sedan four out of five stars in rollover tests, three stars in front side-impact tests, and two stars in rear side-impact tests.
Regardless of which trim level you choose, you get electronic brake force distribution, child seat anchors, front seatbelt pre-tensioners, and ventilated front disc / rear drum brakes. Unfortunately, you don't even have the option to add anti-lock brakes on any trim level.
This adds up to a bit of a gamble. The Hyundai Accent isn't the safest sedan or hatchback on the road, but it certainly isn't the worst either.EPA Fuel Economy
You'll Like
- Quiet, smooth ride
- Spacious interior
- Great warranty on powertrain
You Won't Like
- Poor horsepower
- Styling is dull
Sum Up
Hyundai is on the rise, but this car isn't quite ready for a full-fledged recommendation.
If You Like This Vehicle
- Honda Civic
- Kia Spectra
See the New 2015 Accent.
2001 Hyundai Accent Consumer Rating
write a review100%
of respondents would recommend this to a friend.


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Find it here 2996 First found by crengux at polyvore.com 3 years, 8 months ago @Tag a friend Add to list comments Please sign in to start gossiping Sign in with Facebook or sign up manually ooh love it like it! i was with luke last month eheh love him <3 I LOVE The kooks! the kooks are amazing! <3 Are you sure you want to delete this comment? Cancel Are you sure this is spam? Cancel we love it! (2996) tags for this item kooks top crengux login to add tags


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Land Rover For Sale
Land Rover SUVs for sale. New and used Land Rovers available for sale from individuals and dealers from around the country.
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When you hear the words Land Rover, you may associate the brand with the Ford Motor Company, however, even though Land Rover may be a subsidiary of the Ford Premier Automotive Group it is actually a British all terrain vehicle and multipurpose vehicle manufacturer.
The Land Rover received its start on the island of Anglesey in Wales in the United Kingdom in 1947. Maurice Wilks was the chief designer employed at the British car company by the name of Rover. He created the Land Rover on his farm in Newboruough, Anglesey. He built the first Land Rover on a Jeep chassis. Rumor has it that Wilks liked the American World War II jeep so much he used one at his holiday home in Wales.
In the beginning, the Land Rover was created with lightweight rustproof proprietary allow of aluminum and magnesium which was called Brimabright. The reason this material was used is that steel was short after the war but there was an excess of aircraft aluminum.
In 1987, the Land Rover is unveiled to the United States market. In 1994, the Rover group is taken over by BMW. The Ford Motor Company comes into play in 2000 when BMW breaks up the Rover Group and sell Land Rover to Ford. The Ford Motor Company pays £1.8 billion to attain Land Rover.
The third generation of Land Rovers is introduced in 2002 known as the Range Rover. In 2005, the Jaguar AJ-V8 engine is used to replace the BMW M62 V8 engine in the Range Rover. 2006 say a totally new Land Rover with a 2.4 litre diesel engine, 6 speed gearbox, and the intro of the second generation of Freelander.
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Thread: Looking for SOG's
06-25-2000, 12:38 AM #1MTNRESQFirehouse.com Guest
Looking for SOG's
My department is currently working on Extrication SOG's does anyone have ideas on line? possible websites with links?
06-25-2000, 08:04 AM #2lt109Firehouse.com Guest
Not sure if this will help but try www.terc.org This is a site dealing with extrication.
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New to Typophile? Accounts are free, and easy to set up.
For "The President" at the bottom, any sans serif suggestions? Can't tell in the picture but it might be a serif, but i need that feel in sans serif.
So far I've got Engravers Gothic, Sakers Heavy, Sweet Bold, Clobber Grotesk, what else?
If anyone knows for real, I really like to know as well!
Attachment | Size |
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No visible sample.
Also, if you move the thread out of the "Solved" section up on the main Type ID Board, more people will see it.
A good reference: http://www.fontshop.com/fontlist/genres/wide_grotesque/
The new Idlewild may miss in the list. I personally think, Mr President uses ITC Blair.


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