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About 3 – 5% of all patients with testicular germ cell tumour (GCT) develop a contralateral cancer, the majority of which arise within 10–15 years. Little is known about the risk of second GCTs after more than two decades. Here we present 3 cases with very late presenting contralateral GCT and provide a summary of similar cases reported previously.
Case presentations
(1) This white Caucasian man underwent right-sided orchiectomy for a nonseminomatous GCT at the age of 22 years. Additional treatment consisted of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) and chemotherapy with 4 cycles of vinblastin / bleomycin. 36 years later, contralateral seminoma clinical stage 1 developed. Cure was achieved by orchiectomy. Histologically, testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN; intratubular germ cell neoplasia) was detected in the tumour-surrounding tissue.
(2) This white Caucasian male had right-sided orchiectomy for nonseminomatous GCT at the age of 29 years. Pathological stage 1 was confirmed by RPLND. 25 years later, he received left sided orchiectomy for seminoma stage 1. Histologically, TIN was found in the tissue adjacent to seminoma. Two brothers had testicular GCT, too, one with bilateral GCT. (3) This 21 year old white Caucasian man underwent left-sided orchiectomy for nonseminomatous GCT. Pathological stage 1 was confirmed by RPLND. 21 years later, he received organ-preserving excision of a right-sided seminoma, followed by BEP chemotherapy for stage 3 disease. Histologically, TIN was found in the surrounding testicular tissue.
22 cases of bilateral GCT with intervals of 20 or more years have previously been reported, thereof three with intervals of more than 30 years, the longest interval being 40 years.
Apart from increased risks of cardiovascular diseases and non-testicular malignancies, patients with GCT face the specific probability of a second GCT in the long run. This risk persists life-long and is not eliminated by chemotherapy. Contralateral testicular biopsy can identify patients at risk by revealing precursor cells of GCT though false-negative biopsies may occur sporadically. However, in view of the multi-facetted late hazards of GCT patients, this minor surgical procedure might somewhat simplify the long-time care of these patients.
Testicular germ cell neoplasms; Bilateral tumours; Testicular biopsy; Seminoma; Familial germ cell tumoursBackground
The phenomenon of malignant growths occurring in both of the testicles has been known for more than a century. Hamilton and Gilbert conducted the first systematic review in 1942. Based on 144 cases collected from the literature they opened their milestone article with the sentence: "Testicular tumors possess a pronounced tendency to bilateralism" [1]. According to recent reviews, 3 – 5% of patients with testicular germ cell tumour (GCT) develop contralateral cancer which corresponds to a 20–30 fold increased relative risk of tumour [2-4]. About 50% of these events occur within 5 years after diagnosis of the primary while 90% do so within a 10 years time-span [5]. Only few more cancers arise thereafter. So far, little is known about the risk of contralateral GCT after very long intervals of more than two decades. All GCTs are preceded by a common precursor named testicular intraepithelial neoplasia (TIN; also called intratubular germ cell neoplasia unspecified, ITGCNU) which is thought to be present in the testicle many years before the clinical manifestation of GCT [6,7]. To identify candidates for second GCTs, contralateral testicular biopsy at the time of orchiectomy of the primary is available [8,9]. However, physicians caring for patients with GCT have widely remained disinclined to this pro-active method of early detection of GCT [10]. Thus clinically, the risk of bilateral testicular tumour needs to be considered during follow-up of patients with GCT. Importantly, as this event may occur beyond the usual 5-years time-span of oncological follow-up, extended observation time is required.
Here we present three cases with exceptionally late onset of second GCT and we provide a survey of the literature regarding the problem of very long intervals between metachronous bilateral testicular tumours.
Case presentations
Case #1
This Caucasian white male underwent right-sided orchiectomy for a nonseminomatous testicular GCT at the age of 22 years. History was uneventful; in particular there was neither history of undescended testis nor any prior familial events of testis cancer. Bulky retroperitoneal lymph-node metastases were resected by extended retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) followed by four cycles of chemotherapy. As cisplatin was not yet available at that time (1976), the patient received treatment with the contemporary Samuels regimen consisting of vinblastin and bleomycin [11]. Possibly as a sequel of transfusion therapy during multi-modal treatment for GCT, a viral hepatitis B infection was diagnosed one year thereafter. This infection entered a chronic non-aggressive course and the patient stayed disease-free with respect to testicular cancer for 36 years.
At the age of 58 years, he sought urological advice for an increase of his prostate specific antigen (PSA) level to 1.5 ng/ml. The patient reported no specific symptoms with regard to scrotal disorders. Upon physical examination a firm nodule of about 1 cm in diameter was detected in the left testicle. Serum tumour markers beta Human chorionic gonadotropin (beta HCG), alpha fetoprotein (AFP) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were within normal limits. Scrotal ultrasonography (Figure 1) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a mass of 1.3 cm in diameter within the testicle. As the testicle was small and atrophic, left sided orchiectomy was performed and no attempt of testis-sparing surgery was made. Histological work-up disclosed pure seminoma with vascular invasion but no infiltration of the rete testis. In the seminiferous tubules surrounding the tumour abundant TIN was detected (Figure 2). No metastases were detected, so the patient was placed on a surveillance strategy according to clinical stage I disease. Testosterone substitution is accomplished by periodic intramuscular injections. One year thereafter, the patient is well and without signs of tumour recurrence.
Figure 1. Grey scale ultrasonography of the testis with colour-coded duplex imaging. Note the hypo-echoic nodule at the cranial pole of the testis. Positive colour coded duplex signals indicate vascularisation of the tumour. Histologically, this tumour consisted of pure seminoma.
Figure 2. Histologic section, patient #1. typical histologic features of seminoma. Note TIN (intratubular germ cell neoplasia) in a seminiferous tubule (right side of picture). Hematoxylin eosin stain; magnification according to scale-bar.
Case #2
This white Caucasian man underwent right sided orchiectomy for a testicular teratocarcinoma at the age of 29 years. Pathological stage I was ascertained by RPLND. No further therapy was instituted. After 25 years when aged 54 years, the patient discovered a nodule in his remaining testicle by self-palpation. Imaging procedures including ultrasonography, elastography and MRI disclosed a 1.5 cm mass in the testicle. Serum tumour markers beta HCG, AFP and LDH were not increased. As preoperative hormone analysis had revealed a hypogonadal situation with subnormal testosterone level and increased luteinizing hormone (LH), no surgical attempts were made towards a testis-sparing procedure. Instead, a typical inguinal orchiectomy with insertion of a testicular prosthesis was carried out. Histologically, a classical seminoma was identified, with wide areas of TIN in the surrounding tissue. Chest and abdominal CT scans did not reveal metastases. No further treatment was instituted except for hormone replacement therapy. Follow-up of 12 months so far is uneventful. Family history is of particular note: The off-spring consists of one sister and six brothers, two of whom were also struck by testicular cancer. A younger brother succumbed to testicular choriocarcinoma at the age of 23 years. One older brother survived bilateral testicular cancer at ages 23 and 36 years.
Case #3
This white Caucasian patient underwent left-sided orchiectomy along with a contralateral biopsy for a testicular teratocarcinoma at the age of 21 years. Histologically, the contralateral biopsy was without evidence of TIN. History was uneventful; in particular there was neither history of undescended testis nor any prior familial events of testis cancer. RPLND revealed pathological stage I. Thus, no systemic treatment was applied. At the age of 42 years, he presented with right-sided flank pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed dilatation of the right ureter caused by a huge retroperitoneal mass extending from the renal hilum into the pelvis. Beta HCG was slightly increased to 11.9 U/l (reference <1.0 U/l), as was LDH with 400 U/l (reference < 250 U/l), while AFP was within normal limits. Scrotal ultrasonography revealed a mass of 1.9 cm in diameter in the testicle. Organ preserving surgery was performed along with additional biopsies of the adjacent testicular parenchyma. Histological work-up revealed pure seminoma with abundant TIN in the surrounding tissue. Mediastinal lymphadenopathy in addition to retroperitoneal metastases indicated stage III disease with good prognosis according to IGCCCG. The patient was rendered disease-free by systemic therapy with three cycles of cisplatin, etoposide and bleomycin (BEP). Two years thereafter, the patient is relapse-free and well.
There are at least four lessons to be learnt from these three cases:
(1) The risk of second (contralateral) cancer in GCT patients is pending life-long.
(2) Chemotherapy does not prevent a second testicular tumour.
(3) Familial clustering of testicular cancer appears to be associated with bilateral disease.
(4) Second tumours may arise despite a contralateral biopsy negative for TIN.
According to the most recent review, about 50% of all contralateral testicular tumours arise later than 5 years or more after the primary [2]. In a French analysis, 23% of second tumours occurred between the 10th and the 20th year of follow-up [12], while no case developed later. All of the major investigations on bilateral testicular tumours accord with the contention, that the risk is high during the first ten years and that it is gradually decreasing thereafter forming an asymptotical curve approaching the zero line of risk beyond the 20 years mark [5,13-15]. As a matter of fact, this understanding implicates the sporadic occurrence of such tumours at exceptionally late time points. Accordingly, Table 1 provides a synopsis of 25 cases of the literature (including the present cases) with bilateral testicular germ cell tumours occurring after 20 or more years [1,3,12-14,16-32]. It is of note that already Hamilton and Gilbert in their 1942 review briefly mentioned such a case [1], and Melicow in a scholarly review on testicular new growths did so in 1955 [21]. The longest interval ever reported is 40 years in a Danish man [16]. The present case (#1) is ranking second on this list with an interval of 36 years.
Table 1. Sequential bilateral testicular germ-cell tumours with interval of 20 years or more
The median age at primary presentation of the patients with very late presenting contralateral testicular tumour is 28.5 years that is not at variance with the over-all median age of patients with germ cell cancer [33]. Yet, there appears to be a slight deviation from the contention that patients with bilateral tumours usually experience a rather early presentation of their primary [12,34,35]. All of our cases had a nonseminomatous histology at first presentation which is somehow at variance with the preponderance of seminoma usually encountered in cases with bilateral testicular GCT [36]. Table 1 does not suggest any association of histology with the particular risk of late second GCT. Little is known about clinical stage at primary diagnosis and during relapse for these particular patients. In most of the reports (Table 1) information on clinical staging is not provided. In our series, only one had metastasized disease at primary presentation while two had stage I disease. So, the basic message of this compilation of cases is the information that the risk of contralateral testicular cancer will persist life-long.
(2) Our first case experienced his second tumour despite interval chemotherapy. Pathogenetically, all GCTs are preceded by the premalignant lesion TIN (ITGCNU) that is believed to be present in the contralateral testicle already at the time of the first tumour. Concerns regarding the low sensitivity of chemotherapy to eradicate the precursor in the contralateral gonad had been raised already in the 1980ies [37]. Accordingly, large series of patients with bilateral testicular tumours clearly revealed that chemotherapy does not protect against second tumours [4,15]. In the largest investigation of bilateral tumours performed on the SEER data base, 39 second tumours (> 1%) were found among 3157 nonseminoma patients receiving chemotherapy [35]. Recently, it was shown that low doses of two cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy are probably without any considerable effect on TIN, three or more cycles may eradicate it in about 75% of cases [38]. Our patient had received 4 cycles of chemotherapy, however, that treatment did not involve cisplatin, which clearly is the most efficacious drug. So, one might speculate that the vinblastin/bleomycin regimen could have suppressed TIN only temporarily . Accordingly, it took 36 years for the remaining TIN cells to recover and to finally progress to invasive seminoma. In fact, there is some indication of extended intervals in bilateral GCTs following chemotherapy [13,15]. Our patient apparently represents the case with the longest lag time between sequential bilateral testicular tumours and interval chemotherapy. So, this case represents an exceptional example showing the low efficacy of chemotherapy to prevent sequential testicular neoplasms.
(3) Two brothers of case #2 had suffered from testicular cancer, too, one of whom had even bilateral disease. Approximately 1-3% of all patients with testicular GCT have close relatives with the same diagnosis [34]. Notably, 6-15% of all familial cases of GCT develop bilateral disease while second GCTs occur in only 3-5% among sporadic cases [39]. Accordingly, a strong hereditary predisposition of testicular GCT is assumed [40]. While the clinical evidence for the involvement of genetic factors in the etiology of GCT is undisputed, the assumed Testicular GCT 1 gene has so far not been identified [41]. From a practical point of view, it is concluded that history of familial testicular cancer should increase the clinician´s vigilance regarding the possible development of contralateral cancer. As elucidated by the case, this event may even occur after a very long lag time.
(4) In one of our patients (#3), contralateral GCT developed despite a previous testicular biopsy negative for TIN. False-negative biopsies do occur in less than 10% of cases [8]. Multiple probing has been recommended to reduce the rate of biopsy-failures. In fact, systematic two-site biopsies revealed an 18% extra yield of contralateral TIN [8]. Whether or not double biopsy would have disclosed the true diagnosis at that time remains elusive, but clearly, multiple biopsies are more sensitive than a single one.
Our three cases highlight one of the manifold problems in the long-time follow-up of patients with testicular GCT. The specific risk of a second testicular tumour is one threat in addition to the well-recognized hazards of metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases and non-testicular malignancies [42]. The risk of contralateral GCT is not eliminated by chemotherapy. As all of our patients had TIN in the tumour-surrounding tissue, histologically, a contralateral biopsy at the time of the primary might have identified the impending second tumour. Although not explicitly recommended by current guide-lines [43-45], contralateral testicular biopsy is clearly valuable for exploring the particular risk of second testicular cancer [8,46].
Written informed consent was obtained from all of the three patients for publication of these Case reports and the two accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Authors' contributions
KPD conceived and designed the study, analyzed the clinical data, and drafted the manuscript. PA performed the ultrasonographic examinations of the patients, participated in the clinical management of cases, participated in designing and of the report and drafting of the manuscript. FS carried out the histological examinations, participated in designing the report. TK participated in the designing of the study, carried out much of the clinical management of the cases, helped analyzing the clinical data. CM participated in the designing of the study, accumulated and abstracted the clinical data, helped in clinical management of the cases. CR conceived the study, participated in designing the report, analyzed the clinical data, and drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
This study was supported by the German Ministry of Defence.
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Pre-publication history
The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:

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Published on 1st August 2014 by David Hing
Ancel's team at Wild Sheep will be working on an original title whilst Ancel also continues to work at Ubisoft.
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4th March 2015
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Welcome back to another round of live performances on The X Factor. After giving four acts their walking papers last week, the contestants have now been dwindled down to an even dozen — bringing them one step closer to their very own Pepsi contract and the chance at a music career of a lifetime. No reason to be nervous though, right?
But wait! Tonight's episode held a special twist. Looking back on last week's results show, the judges felt they sent one contestant home prematurely and have decided to re-induct someone back into the competition. "We believe we made a mistake with one act," Simon mysteriously reveals. So who did they choose to save? It's none other than Miss Diamond White! And just like, the Top 12 become the Top Lucky Number 13!
Of course, one can't help but experience a certain sense of déjà vu. If you recall, Melanie Amaro went through a very similar experience last year where she was eliminated and then brought back during the live shows (and eventually won the competition entirely). If this pattern continues, then does that mean we've already found our Season 2 winner?
But before we start making any hasty predictions, let's take a look at how the Top 12 13 fared under the judges' scrutiny…
Theme of the Week: Songs From the Movies
Arin Ray (Teens — Team Britney Spears): In keeping with this week's "Movies" theme, Arin kicked things off by singing "American Boy" featured in the movie Obsessed. It turned out to be quite the appropriate song choice, since that's exactly what this guy is becoming. Unlike last week, Arin focused more on his vocals rather than excessive amounts of Chris Brown-like choreography, making not only made his performance stronger, but more memorable as well. This is the type of song he should be singing all the time! Plus, you gotta admit this guy looks real good on a motorcycle. The judges loved everything about it, as they should. But it wouldn't be The X Factor without some incredibly awkward moment to showcase, so Khloe made sure to pipe in with a very suggestive (and possibly illegal) remark: "Well, you can definitely be my American boy." And cue the sexual harassment lawsuit.
Paige Thomas (Young Adults — Team Demi Lovato): Next up was Paige, singing "Take My Breath Away," featured in Top Gun. And her incredibly elaborate set really did take our breath away. (She descended from the ceiling, for crying out loud!) It was a beautiful performance and proved once again how strong her vocals can be. However, Simon found it all to be a little too excessive. "Demi, I don't think you could have put any more on that stage," he remarked. In other words, Simon thinks she should go for a "less is more" approach that would focus more on the talent and less on the theatrics. Makes sense, right? You'd think. But since the judges are completely biased of their own teams, Demi completely disagreed with his advice and took none of it to heart. Let's place nice, children!
Vino Alan (Over 25 — Team L.A. Reid): Vino opted to sing the classic "When A Man Loves A Woman" (properly featured in the film When A Man Loves A Woman), which really helped play to his strengths: soul singing! This guy may look rough and tough with all those tattoos, but, man, can he carry a heartfelt tune. And the judges seemed to agree. Simon remarked that he went from "zero to hero" in the span of one week. (Does anyone else wish he had picked that Hercules song now or is it just me?) Either way, it was great. Let's hope America decides to keep this guy around for a while.
Emblem3 (Groups — Team Simon Cowell): These hotties gave us yet another reason to swoon by belting out a strong mash-up of "My Girl" and "California Girls" (featured in the 1991 hit My Girl and Katy Perry's 2012 flick Katy Perry: Part of Me). Normally, you wouldn't think a combination like this would work, but of course the all-knowing Simon knew better. Plus, it doesn't hurt that these guys really know how to work a crowd of ladies (aka the majority of all X Factor fans). Even L.A. called their performance "perfect." One Direction and The Wanted better look out because they're about to have some serious competition on their hands. Naturally, Demi and Simon started bickering immediately afterward, but it's just not the same without Steve Jones there to blatantly cut everyone off.
Beatrice Miller (Teens — Team Britney Spears): Beatrice decided to tackle "Iris," featured in City of Angels, all while wearing what looks like every item found in a Hot Topic store. Regardless, she makes it work. Normally, I'm not really for the whole "raspy voice" type of thing, but it actually sounds really good with her. You can totally see this girl selling records and she's only 13! (Sorry, I just can't get over it.) The judges agree that they can really see her becoming a star. Let's hope America feels the same way.
Jennel Garcia (Young Adults — Team Demi Lovato): Singing "I Love Rock 'N Roll" (featured in both Wayne's World 2 and Crossroads), Jennel made an attempt at channeling her inner Joan Jett, but it resulted in mixed reviews. L.A. thought it lacked "originality" and "inventiveness" since it was complete Joan Jett mimicry. Simon was more discouraged about her makeover than anything else. He feels she's changed from who she really is: a sweet, charming, fun girl. But Demi countered, saying that the crowd is going crazy for her. (Though, to be fair, they go crazy for pretty much everyone, so that's a hard point to argue.) Oh, and Britney liked it, so I guess that's helpful.
Tate Stevens (Over 25 — Team L.A. Reid): Tate took on the challenging role of replicating Bon Jovi's "Wanted Dead or Alive," featured in Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man (proving that everyone pretty much has free reign with these theme weeks). He's got a great country voice, but it was just a poor song choice, in my opinion. (But I'm probably just biased because no one can perform this song better than Mr. Bon Jovi in my eyes.) The judges, however, don't seem to share my feelings on the matter and absolutely loved his performance and think he has what it takes to be a superstar.
Lyric 145 (Groups — Team Simon Cowell): In a unique twist, this group performed the Mary Poppins classic "Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious." Ordinarily I'd call this an odd song choice, but due to this group's eccentric personality and style, it turned out to be pretty perfect (they were even able to pronounce the song title in reverse, which is impressive in and of itself). Granted, it's not really something I'd go out and buy, but that's just my own personal preference. The judges gave them nothing but praise and the audience's cheers spoke volumes.
Next: Diamond makes her grand debut (again).
Diamond White (Teens — Team Britney Spears): As a way to commemorate her return to the competition, Diamond appropriately sang "I Have Nothing," featured in the hit film The Bodyguard. It was a great song choice, a great wardrobe choice (I don't care if it's after Labor Day, this girl knows how to pull off a white ensemble), and she sounded absolutely amazing. Basically, Diamond proved why she deserves to be back in this competition and we couldn't be happier that she is. Her name alone sounds like superstar potential.
CeCe Frey (Young Adults — Team Demi Lovato): Demi has a knack for surrounding her acts with so many theatrics that it's difficult to get a firm grasp of their actual vocal talents. It's almost like the extravagant sets are being used as distractions rather than a way to showcase their talents. CeCe's performance was no different. She sang Rocky's famous theme song, "Eye of the Tiger" and while the set seemed larger than life, it completely overshadowed her vocals. I appreciate a good spectacle just as much as the next music buff, but sometimes less really is more.
Carly Rose Sonenclar (Teens — Team Britney Spears): Next up was Carly who sang "It Will Rain," featured in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1. This is exactly the type of thing Demi needs to start doing with some of her singers — strip down all the other gimmicks and the song to its very core, and focus on the singing. It was so simple, yet grand all at the same time. An absolutely gorgeous performance that was just as mesmerizing as Edward Cullen's brooding face (and that's really saying something). The judges loved it; the audience loved it; I loved it. Please, let's keep this girl around.
Jason Brock (Over 25 — Team L.A. Reid): Jason took on R. Kelly's song "I Believe I Can Fly," which was featured in Space Jam. (Man, that brings me back.) It was definitely an improvement from last week's rather risqué performance, but he has yet to truly win over the judges' hearts. Britney said it felt like a Vegas lounge act, while Demi referred to it as being both predictable and cabaret. Overall, things aren't looking too good for our dear Jason. I have a feeling that this performance could very well be his last.
Fifth Harmony (Groups — Team Simon Cowell): After going through their third name change (they originally were LYLAS and then 1432), Fifth Harmony closed out the show with a beautiful rendition of "A Thousand Years," featured in The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 1. And apparently third time's the charm. This was probably my favorite performance of the night. Their harmonizing was spectacular; the song choice was superb — it was a perfect way to end the night. Usually the groups don't hold out very long in shows like this, but they're proving to be a strong force to be reckoned with this season. It's amazing what can happen when you have Simon on your side!
Now it's up to you, America! Who do you think deserves to stay another week and who should be shown the door? If this election week has proven anything, it's that votes really can make a difference. Your favorites need your support now more than ever. Sound off on your thoughts in the comments below and be sure to tune in Thursday night to find out the results!
Follow Kelly on Twitter @KellyBean0415
[Photo credit: Ray Mickshaw/FOX (2)]
The X Factor Recap: Behold...The Top 12
The X Factor Recap: It's A-Live Show!
The X Factor Recap: Who Lived? Who Died?
Kim Kardashian: 'I've Lost 10 lbs'


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Injustice: Gods Among Us
Question from KaigonJin
I was suposed to get an extra costume after winning 25 ranking matches but nothing happend,help?
Ive won 26 online ranking matches with superman and i did not get an extra costume....
2 years ago
Accepted Answer
jordyboy1000 answered:
You don't unlock a costume, it's a portrait/icon/background for your hero card.
2 years ago
ej_2010_ej answered:
2 years ago
Pollyisdumb1 answered:
What coustme?
2 years ago
Shorydouken answered:
In a row.
2 years ago
This question has been successfully answered and closed
More Questions from This Game
Question | Status | From |
Injustice IOS costume help ? | Open | DJAuth36 |
would anyone share the Batman Beyond costume? | Open | warewolff |
How to unlock Batman Beyond costume? | Open | Punch_Bag25 |
How to obtain Green Arrow Costume? (CW Verison) | Answered | neslink |
Injustice mobile ? | Unanswered | Arthurmedes1 |


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Tag: unreal engine
Revolution 60: All-female action adventure
What happens when a mostly female development team comes together to create an action-adventure game staffed entirely by female characters? Revolution 60 by Giant Spacekat (US$5.99/try-then-IAP-buy) happens. It's a touch-based iPad story-driven take on Heavy Rain and Mass Effect. You play Holiday...
Daily Update for Sept. 20, 2011
It's the TUAW Daily Update, your source for Apple news in a convenient audio format. You'll get all the top Apple stories of the day in three to five minutes, which is perfect for a quick review of what's happening in the Apple world. You can listen to today's Apple stories by clicking the in...
Infinity Blade looks great on a 50" HDTV via iPad 2
The new iPad 2 paired with Apple's Digital AV Adapter is perfect for watching movies with your family, teaching lessons to a classroom or presenting the latest sales figures to a boardroom on an HDTV. TouchGen found it's also an awesome new way to enjoy your favorite iPad games, like Real Racing 2...
Gameloft working on four Unreal Engine games
We have some wicked awesome news on the iOS gaming front today -- Gameloft, the developer of popular 3D mobile games such as N.O.V.A and Asphalt, has announced a partnership with Epic Games that will allow Gameloft to use Epic Games' Unreal Engine 3 in four new titles, two of which are expected b...
Software Updates
more updates- Apple Remote Desktop updated with Yosemite support
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- Sports Illustrated 120 SPORTS channel comes to Apple TV
- Logic Pro X update brings AirDrop support, new effects, tools, and more
- Parallels Access 2.5 released, adds file manager, computer-to-computer remote access
- The Google Translate iOS app is about to get a lot smarter


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Here's Chopper. 22 pounds of pure bad-ass. He has a severe under-bite, and is probably the ugliest dog I have ever owned, but I love him and he loves me.
I swear, by my life and my love of it, that I will never live for the sake of another man, nor ask another man to live for mine. -Ayn Rand
The tree of liberty must be refreshed from time to time with the blood of patriots and tyrants. Thomas Jefferson
Gordo that dog is just cute as a button!!!
I don't mind living in a man's world as long as I can be a woman in it.
Yeah, I'll post some of his puppy pics soon, he is without a doubt though a chick magnet! Thanks RSG and Drum. The Chopper Dog appreciates your comments
Your welcome and I would love to see the puppy pictures!!
Here's Chopper as a baby, hangin on my daughter's shoulder, and a pic before he got his first haircut
Tobi Joe here, he likes to walk on his back legs 50% of the time, he's spoiled rotten, very protective of his mom and dad and all their stuff! He is also a good buddy and he likes to ride on all the motorcycles. Here he is a few years back on his new Goldwing!
Cool looking dog, did he learn to walk by himself? Where did you get the goggles? There is no place for my dog to ride on my Sportster, I might have to get one of those Gold Wings
You can get "doggles" at Rayallen.com
Gordo that is the cutest puppy I have ever seen and IGETEVEN that Tobi Joe is beautiful!!!!


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Part Time Jobs in Henderson, North Carolina ( NC )
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<< First < Previous 1 2 Next > Last >> |


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Beauty & Spas
Wanderlust YOGA
206 East 4th Street
Austin, TX 78701
+1 512 502 5183
Mo from 07:15 AM to 09:30 PM,Tu from 06:00 AM to 09:00 PM,We from 07:15 AM to 09:30 PM,Th from 06:00 AM to 09:00 PM,Fr from 07:15 AM to 09:30 PM,Sa from 08:30 AM to 12:00 AM,Su from 10:00 AM to 04:00 PM
Wanderlust YOGA is located in downtown Austin, and offers several yoga classes on a daily basis. Inspired by the Wanderlust Festival atmosphere, this yoga studio is a lively place to practice. They offer a full range of classes, some relaxing and some challenging. They also offer workshops and teacher training from time to time, for those looking to further their practice.Earn valuable points toward free nights.


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Hey, I'm Tim. I'm pretty laid back and simple. I like having fun,
doing new things, and trying to improve myself. I play video games,
and before you think that's lame, I do it because my dream job is
to make games. I'm a romantic, I'm affectionate, and I don't let
people down. I am easy to love and who I'm with would never be
without a glowing smile.
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—% Enemy
27 • Citrus Heights, CA • Man
I'm looking for
- Women
- Ages 18–30
- Near me
- For new friends, long-term dating
My Details
- Last Online
- Nov 13, 2014
- Orientation
- Straight
- Ethnicity
- White
- Height
- 5′ 10″ (1.78m)
- Body Type
- A little extra
- Diet
- Anything
- Smokes
- No
- Drinks
- Not at all
- Drugs
- Never
- Religion
- Christianity, but not too serious about it
- Sign
- Libra, and it's fun to think about
- Education
- Working on university
- Job
- Art / Music / Writing
- Income
- Less than $20,000
- Status
- Single
- Type
- —
- Offspring
- Doesn't have kids, but might want them
- Pets
- Likes dogs and likes cats
- Speaks
- English
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What I'm doing with my life
Don't overthink this one; tell us what you're doing day-to-day.
I am going to school for an English degree as my main goal is to be
a script writer. While I am there, I am working as a massage
therapist and doing random odd jobs.
I'm really good at
Go on, brag a little (or a lot). We won't judge.
Being creative, making a romantic dinner, giving a perfect and
relaxing massage, but mostly, it's being a great boyfriend
The most private thing I'm willing to admit
I'm an empty essay… fill me out!
I have a kind heart, I've got compassion, I make sacrifices, and I
act for the best even if its not good for me. Sounds great, but
it's also lead to a lot of trouble for me because the people I have
known have used that good nature against me and done a lot of
damage to me because of it.
You should message me if
Offer a few tips to help matches win you over.
If you are a good person. You can have a great job, have degrees
that make me look dumb, be mind blowing at sex, but if you aren't
going to be good to me, you aren't good for me. If you want to be
loved, if you want to have fun, if you have plans for your life, if
you want to be respected, enjoy being out in public and interesting
in private, I want to know you!


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Vultures pick at visitors' cars in Fla. Everglades
Published 12/29/2012, The Jamestown Sun
Visitors to parts of Everglades National Park are getting tarps and bungee cords to make their vehicles less delectable to vultures.
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Best of 2010 - Best Original IP Nominees
Find out our nominees for Best Original IP of 2010!
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it's funny how platinum games made 2 of the best games of the year, bayonetta and vanquish, what a great game studio
i think it's not enslaved...... cause it was an adaptation story from the sun wu kong....... it has been a hundred years old!!!!!
Alan Wake is named after it's main character, so not that one. Same story with Bayonetta. Enslaved or Vanquish wins.
Enslaved was great. However can it be counted as original IP? Its based on a story that is hundreds of years old!
Enslaved was a great game. It deserves to win lots of awards, including this one.


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Discussion BoardsOpen MenuDiscussion Boards Open Menu
BlogsOpen MenuBlogs Open MenuBlack screen/cursor flashing after inserting the Windows password!Open MenuBlack screen/cursor flashing after inserting the Windows password! Open Menu
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08-24-2010 11:26 PM - edited 08-24-2010 11:28 PM
I plan to buy a Windows 7 computer soon, but I still want to use my LaserJet 4100, which is 9 years old. I checked for HP drivers and found there's a universal driver available for PCL5 and one for PCL6. I have two questions:
1. When I first installed the driver for my printer in Windows XP, the printer was labeled simply PCL. So do I need PCL5 or PCL6?
2. Will I lose any functionality if I install a universal driver for my printer under Windows 7? Someone I talked to recently said that his HP laser printer (a different model than mine) would no longer print at 1200 dpi but was reduced to 600 dpi with the universal driver.
Thank you!


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201 posts found | |
I would pay a subscription for a "perfect" game. problem is.....I cannot name a single one.
No vote from me. Whatever the game has to offer is what I'm paying for. If it's subscription it shouldn't be the typical $14.99 a month if it has just released either. All developers should note that they released their game and content is way below other titles that have been out for years. Start out at $6.99 and work your way up when you get to established releases. For F2P I don't care as long as no one can buy a way to kill me in PvP, PvE only games I don't really care if they want to spend their money to support the game. The best model is like that of GW2 and even TSW, buy it and just play. Death is nothing to us, since when we are, Death has not come, and when death has come, we are not. |
I vote Free MMO. Imagine if the oxygen is not free, you gonna die in this world. I purchase some stash, or fashion to support the company look like in real world. I want the mmo that is open to everyone whether you are poor or rich .
sub BUT ONLY if there is no cash shop. Sub + Cash shop is an atrocity and such games shall be shunned.
All of the very best and most successful MMOs have in FACT been sub based games. For whatever reason, good or bad, sub fees seem to be a requirement to making those AAA long lasting MMOs that most of us desire. That does not mean that every MMO that uses sub fees is good, far from it, but not a single F2P game has ever been a serious contender, aside from GW2s initial hype launch before it collapsed once people played the trash heap. Of course people would rather things be free rather then having to pay for them. That is human nature, and that is almost everyone. The unthinking people will take that and click "free", while people able to analayze what it means, understand that sub fees means that developers make a good amount of money and can maintain and produce quality content for us. Good for them, good for us. F2P is a cancer on the MMO genre, but a lot of unthinking people do not realize that. |
Originally posted by Thessik_Irontail Just because you don't like it doesn't mean it "collapsed". There are still thousands of people who are playing it every day. Also what are the successful MMOs that you are referring to in your first sentence. All of them that I know of other than WoW and Eve have gone F2P, and of those they are still "successful", just under a different payment model. Death is nothing to us, since when we are, Death has not come, and when death has come, we are not. |
Originally posted by Kyleran I completely agree with this. The issue I see with f2p games or games that rely upon cash shops to make up their money, is that not only can they not rely upon a reasonably steady income but they constantly have to come up with new ways to entice players to pay. My opinion is that if you are spending time playing it then it's worth your money. We don't work for free and we expect a decent paycheck from a (hopefully)financially stable company. I don't see why developers should expect less. |
Originally posted by nariusseldon I honestly have very little free time, but I'm not into games like D3 at all. Like I said, different tastes. Played: UO, EQ, WoW, DDO, SWG, AO, CoH, EvE, TR, AoC, GW, GA, Aion, Allods, lots more |
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I'm curious about something. What is the difference in costs between maintaining an MMO server and maintaining a server for an FPS or other type of competitive game? If it's that much bigger than I can understand a sub, but I still think good F2P/B2P models can be much more profitable.
Originally posted by jdizzle2k13 Yes. I read somewhere (no I dont' have a link) that years ago when mmo's such as WoW were released it cost a lot to support game servers. Now they are less expensive and yet the norm is still $14.99 a month. They should scale back or go with the other models as you suggested. Death is nothing to us, since when we are, Death has not come, and when death has come, we are not. |
Originally posted by Shadanwolf Once you find that perfect MMO...... Do me a favor AND Quit, because it won't be perfect any longer! Just like there is no such thing as a free lunch, there will never be a "perfect" MMO. Subscription based MMOs have ALWAYS been far better in overall experience than any F2P MMO I have ever tried to be a part of! |
Originally posted by swizards01 Then you aren't looking ahead with that outlook of what your future games will look like. Who pays for free games if poor people don't? Who then chooses which games they will pay for premium items in? It's not the poor people choosing the games that exist, it's only the rich people. If you let rich people dictate gaming all you will get is games rich people want to play. $5 to $15 a month, a rich person does not make. The fees are more than reasonable. That's less than 3 hours of minimum wage pay. Everyone working can get minimum wage. |
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Joined: 6/11/08 I think with my heart and move with my head.-Kongos |
Game development in general, including expansions and updates is much more expensive than it used to be. Even if developers are saving money on server costs, they are spending it elsewhere. I can not remember winning or losing a single debate on the internet. |
Originally posted by Sovrath I don't see why they should expect the same amount of revenue from everyone. They only need *someone* to pay ... like the whales. Plus, all business have risks. Just look at investment banking. |
Originally posted by lizardbones A console or PC game can have as much content and even more detail when it is developed and it has no server cost and this is what I was alluding to. Running servers now compared to years ago is cheaper. If I buy a game for $59 just like a console game, I should only have to pay to maintain a server. Patches are part of the upkeep of any computer game be it an mmo or a single player console/pc game. edit: I guess what I'm trying to say is game development may have gone up in price but that is tacked on to the box you purchase. The cost to run a server has gone down so we shouldn't pay as much for a monthly subscription. Death is nothing to us, since when we are, Death has not come, and when death has come, we are not. |
Originally posted by lizardbones Spending it elsewhere on things which imho are not important.... How many MILLIONS of dollars did SWTOR spend on voice actors? That could have been eaily shaved off the price OR than money used to create content. Lowering the graphics. Most games these days are selling on graphics and how they can make their game look in a 30 second trailer. This isnt just with MMOs either... I understand the need for the highest quality graphics in certain types of games but mmorpg/rpg's not so much. Playing text based games back in the day and Pen and Paper games has benen the most "immersive" I have ever been able to get. Instead of wasting most of a budget on "eye catching graphics" those could be toned down, money saved and tons more content added for far cheaper. Eye candy is nice, but not very important once it reaches a certain point (reached long ago) and voice acting totally dumbs things down based on cost. The writers could crafty a hell of world, complete with tons of C&C but it would cost far too much to "voice over" all the text so the text (and the depth) is dumbed down to accomadate the costs of voicing everything. -This is where indies will shine imho. As the tech gets cheaper the AAA will be trying to say 'on top' and thus giving us streamlined games that continue to further become dumbed down. Indies will use the old tech to bring us depth...I hope... |
I will go for the subscription model. I'm against micro-transactions in games. Everyone should be on the same level and have equal access to what the game offers. Even if it's "useless" stuff like pets, mounts & cosmetics. Cash Shops to me is like a stain that doesnt come off. It feels greedy to me. Cash up front. Hopefully the game will be rewarding. -Kirrik |
This polls results are not surprising. MMORPG.com's fanbase always seems to lean more towards sub based opinions. Whereas if you go to a site like OnRPG.com, the base will seem a lot more to lean towards F2P. I personally think subs are a waste of money cause most people are done with them after like 2 months and the game will just go F2P or die anyway.
Originally posted by Otakun Well, if you're going to publish a subscription game it has to be good enough to sell the sub. Not many are, and most that are barely are. Making them FtP doesn't make them better products, it only makes them more agreeable for the cost of $0. Once upon a time.... |
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Joined: 12/05/05 Who did wrong? The advertiser hired to sell the game or the consumer who put faith in advertising? |
Is the sub all-inclusive, or is there still a cash shop? Do you need that cash shop to win? Is added content free for subs or does it require purchase? Is the f2p a p2w model? Will I end up spending more than 15 bucks a month to stay viable? Do you have access to all content or do you have to pay to access new content? I would take a fantastic f2p over a ho-hum sub. I'd take a fantastic sub over a ho-hum f2p. To me, the determining factor is always the quality of the game. If that can happen with a sub, great. If it can happen with a f2p model, great. Seems to me, that people want to ascribe quality to a payment model here. I.E. if it is a sub game than it is unarguably a 'good' game ..... or ....if a game is f2p it is automatically a 'good' game. I cry bullocks. The fun, quality and innovation does not come from any particular added feature. Whether it be its payment model, a death penalty, forced grouping or soloability, etc. - Whether a game is 'good' or not doesn't rely on the type of features implemented ,it depends on if those features are implemented well. Sorry to split hairs....but, just for a real world example: Did the 'sub' feature in SWtOR on release make it a 'good' game? Was WAR a better game than EQ because it had a sub and EQ has a f2p feature? Or to go further, is EQ a bad game because it has a f2p option? How about LotRO? See....sometimes, we need to look differently at how we place value, imo. |


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Sneakers Releasing This Weekend – February 7th, 2015 by Patrick Johnson 3 Comments
October 7, 2013 BY Brendan Dunne / 3
The Extra Butter x Asics Gel Saga "Cottonmouth" release will mark not only the occasion of the shop's first ever Asics project, but it will also serve as the first sneaker to go on sale at their brand new LES location. That's right, the Long Island powerhouse boutique is setting up shop in the city, on 125 Orchard Street to be exact. The sneaker will go on sale at that space on Thursday, October 10th at 8PM and online the following Friday at 12 noon. Get a 360 view of the new Asics Gel Saga "Cottonmouth" after the click and let us know if you're excited about the new Extra Butter brick and mortar.
In-Store Release Info
Thursday, October 10th | 8pm
Extra Butter LES (125 Orchard Street, Lower East Side)
First come, first served. Not available at Extra Butter RVC.
Online Release
Friday, October 11th, 12 noon.
Filed under: Asics Collaboration Upcoming Sneakers
Asics Gel Saga – Royal – White – Neon by Patrick Johnson 0 Comments


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Do cats get hurt feelings
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March 7th, 2014, 01:02 PM
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Join Date: Jan 2014
Location: Toronto, Ontario
Posts: 249
I agree with Katiecat. Cats have so many other emotions that I believe they feel hurt feelings too they just are so stoic we can't always recognize it. They don't show pain when they are hurt or ill. They can get aggressive but never hold a grudge. They surely are self centered
They show a ton of affection to their families. We all know they are extremely playful, my cat hides behind the entrance to rooms waiting to smack anyone who walks by.....esp if that someone is one of the dogs
he never uses his claws on people or dogs so we know he just wants to have fun. He does use his claws on toys or carpet. Sorry I could go on and on here.......so many stories I could tell
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"Bridge School" concerts on iTunes
Highlights include "Thom Yorke performing a solo rendition of Radiohead's Street Spirit (Fade Out) and a cover of Neil Young's After The Goldrush...Neil Young teams up with Bruce Springsteen for a version of Helpless and also with the Dave Matthews Band for Cortez the Killer. Pearl Jam perform Corduroy whilst their lead singer Eddie Vedder does a solo version of Better Man. Other highlights include Ryan Adams (Oh My Sweet Carolina), Lou Reed (Perfect Day), Metallica (Fade To Black), Red Hot Chili Peppers (Californication) and REM (Losing My Religion)."
Profits will benefit the Bridge School, so in addition to fueling one's passion for musical rarities, you can go away feeling happy about contributing to a good cause.
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Comments Thread For: Cornelius Bundrage v. Cory Spinks Early Results
By Jake Donovan - Cornelius Bundrage defends his alphabet 154 lb. title against Cory Spinks in the Showtime-televised main event Saturday night at Fantasy Springs Casino in Indio, California. The bout is a rematch to their Aug. 10 clash, in which Bundrage violently annexed the belt with a sixth round stoppage.
In the televised opener, Erislandy Lara banged out a unanimous decision win over Freddy Hernandez (30-3-1, 20KO). Scores were 95-94, 98-91 and 99-90 in favor of Lara (17-1-1, 11KO), who busted up Hernandez face with sharp punching throughout. Lara was docked a point in round eight for a cut-inducing headbutt. [Click Here To Read More] |
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I give up too. Russell is just wasting everybody's time with this BS, especially his. Most careers are short and the 'sweet time' is even shorter and here he is slapping nobody for short money. This guy acts like he doesn't want any money, I don't want to watch this crap. BOOOOOOO....
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