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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Labeling energy cost on light bulbs lowers implicit discount rates Jihoon Min a
E-Print Network (OSTI)
Analysis Labeling energy cost on light bulbs lowers implicit discount rates Jihoon Min a , Inês L considerably. To quantify the influence of factors that drive consumer choices for light bulbs, we conducted incandescent bulbs. About half of the total lighting service (in terms of lumens) was provided by incandes
Michalek, Jeremy J.
High-Order, High-Pass Implicit Filters for Evaluating Information within Finite Areas
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
In this study high-order, high-pass implicit filters are introduced. They represent symmetric filters in an implicit formulation. In this investigation their use within a finite region is examined. The effects of the boundary are investigated and ...
William H. Raymond
High-Order Low-Pass Implicit Tangent Filters for Use in Finite Area Calculations
High-order implict tangent filters are developed. The implicit tangent filters possess a highly selective amplitude response function and they can be applied relatively close to a boundary. Comparisons are made between the implict and the ...
Cross-Market Discounts
Firms in several markets attract consumers by offering discounts in other unrelated markets. This promotion strategy, which we call �cross-market discounts,� has been successfully adopted in the last few years by many grocery retailers in ... Keywords: competition, fuelperks!, game theory, nonlinear pricing, retail promotions
Marcel Goi?; Kinshuk Jerath; Kannan Srinivasan
Marker ReDistancing/Level Set Method for High-Fidelity Implicit Interface Tracking
SciTech Connect
A hybrid of the Front-Tracking (FT) and the Level-Set (LS) methods is introduced, combining advantages and removing drawbacks of both methods. The kinematics of the interface is treated in a Lagrangian (FT) manner, by tracking markers placed at the interface. The markers are not connected � instead, the interface topology is resolved in an Eulerian (LS) framework, by wrapping a signed distance function around Lagrangian markers each time the markers move. For accuracy and efficiency, we have developed a high-order �anchoring� algorithm and an implicit PDE-based re-distancing. We have demonstrated that the method is 3rd-order accurate in space, near the markers, and therefore 1st-order convergent in curvature; in contrast to traditional PDE-based re-initialization algorithms, which tend to slightly relocate the zero Level Set and can be shown to be non-convergent in curvature. The implicit pseudo-time discretization of the re-distancing equation is implemented within the Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov (JFNK) framework combined with ILU(k) preconditioning. We have demonstrated that the steady-state solutions in pseudo-time can be achieved very efficiently, with iterations (CFL ), in contrast to the explicit re-distancing which requires 100s of iterations with CFL . The most cost-effective algorithm is found to be a hybrid of explicit and implicit discretizations, in which we apply first 10-15 iterations with explicit discretization (to bring the initial guess to the ball of convergence for the Newton�s method) and then finishing with 2-3 implicit steps, bringing the re-distancing equation to a complete steady-state. The eigenscopy of the JFNK-ILU(k) demonstrates the efficiency of the ILU(k) preconditioner, which effectively cluster eigenvalues of the otherwise extremely ill-conditioned Jacobian matrices, thereby enabling the Krylov (GMRES) method to converge with iterations, with only a few levels of ILU fill-ins. Importantly, due to the Level Set localization, the bandwidth of the Jacobian matrix is nearly constant, and the ILU preconditioning scales as , which implies efficiency and good scalability of the overall algorithm. The numerical examples include the well-established tests for interface kinematics under translational, rotational and tearing/stretching motion. We have shown that the mass conservation is not an issue anymore, as demonstrated using the Rider&Kothe�s time-reversed tests with extreme deformation. We are able to stretch interface structures to the under-resolved/subgrid (on the chosen Eulerian mesh) scales, and recover them back without any change in shape/loss of mass.
Robert Nourgaliev; Samet Kadioglu; Vincent Mousseau; Dana Knoll
High-order accurate implicit methods for the pricing of barrier options
This paper deals with a high-order accurate implicit finite-difference approach to the pricing of barrier options. In this way various types of barrier options are priced, including barrier options paying rebates, and options on dividend-paying-stocks. Moreover, the barriers may be monitored either continuously or discretely. In addition to the high-order accuracy of the scheme, and the stretching effect of the coordinate transformation, the main feature of this approach lies on a probability-based optimal determination of boundary conditions. This leads to much faster and accurate results when compared with similar pricing approaches. The strength of the present scheme is particularly demonstrated in the valuation of discretely monitored barrier options where it yields values closest to those obtained from the only semi-analytical valuation method available.
Ndogmo, J C
Julian Szekely Memorial Symposium Airline Discount Information
... and San Juan, Puerto Rico. Meeting discounts are not combinable with other discounts or promotions. Additional restrictions may apply on international travel.
Implicit Large Eddy Simulation
National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
Implicit Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (ILES) for High Reynolds Number Flows Len Margolin Applied Physics Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Collaborators: 1. Bill Rider (LANL) 2. Piotr Smolarkiewicz (NCAR) 3. Andrzej Wysogrodski (NCAR) 4. Fernando Grinstein (NRL) firstname.lastname@example.com 1 Implicit Large Eddy Simulation Outline: * What is ILES? * What are its advantages? * Historical perspective * Why does it work? * Some examples firstname.lastname@example.com 2 What is ILES ILES is the direct application of a fluid solver to a high Reynolds number fluid flow with no explicit turbulence model. · The truncation terms of the algorithm serve as an effective model of the effects of the unresolved scales. · Fluid solvers based on Nonoscillatory Finite Volume (NFV) approximations work effectively for ILES. · Fluid solvers based on pseudospectral methods, leapfrog methods, advective form methods, etc. do not work
Discount Power | Open Energy Information
Open Energy Info (EERE)
Discount Power Discount Power Jump to: navigation, search Name Discount Power Place Texas Utility Id 56360 Utility Location Yes Ownership R NERC ERCOT Yes ISO Ercot Yes Activity Retail Marketing Yes References EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a[1] LinkedIn Connections CrunchBase Profile No CrunchBase profile. Create one now! This article is a stub. You can help OpenEI by expanding it. Utility Rate Schedules Grid-background.png No rate schedules available. Average Rates Residential: $0.0923/kWh Commercial: $0.0735/kWh References ↑ "EIA Form EIA-861 Final Data File for 2010 - File1_a" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Discount_Power&oldid=410585" Categories: EIA Utility Companies and Aliases Utility Companies Organizations
Utility Rate Discounts | Open Energy Information
Discounts Discounts Jump to: navigation, search A few electric utilities offer rate discounts to encourage residential energy efficiency. For homes that meet certain energy efficiency criteria, such as those established by the federal Energy Star program, the owner or tenant is awarded a percentage discount on each months electric bill. [1] Contents 1 Utility Rate Discount Incentives 2 References Utility Rate Discount Incentives CSV (rows 1 - 14) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active Cleco Power - Power Miser New Home Program (Louisiana) Utility Rate Discount Louisiana Residential Building Insulation Central Air conditioners Clothes Washers Comprehensive Measures/Whole Building Doors Duct/Air sealing Furnaces Heat pumps
Sustainability, Limited Substitutability and Non-Constant Social Discount Rates
and Non-constant Social Discount Rates ? int strict weaktal preservation, and the rate of discount�, Quarterlyhorizon and the discount rate�, Journal of Economic Theory
Traeger, Christian P.
Sacrifice, discounting and climate policy: five questions
of marginal utility, and the growth rate of consumption. Ifpolicy. The discount rates for utility (the pure rate ofThe discount rate trans- lates future utility or consumption
Karp, Larry
A Conjoint Model of Quantity Discounts
Quantity discount pricing is a common practice used by business-to-business and business-to-consumer companies. A key characteristic of quantity discount pricing is that the marginal price declines with higher purchase quantities. In this paper, we propose ... Keywords: choice models, conjoint analysis, mixed logit, quantity discounts, willingness to pay
Raghuram Iyengar; Kamel Jedidi
Utility Rate Discount | Open Energy Information
Discount Discount Jump to: navigation, search A few electric utilities offer rate discounts to encourage residential energy efficiency. For homes that meet certain energy efficiency criteria, such as those established by the federal Energy Star program, the owner or tenant is awarded a percentage discount on each months electric bill. [1] Utility Rate Discount Incentives CSV (rows 1 - 14) Incentive Incentive Type Place Applicable Sector Eligible Technologies Active Cleco Power - Power Miser New Home Program (Louisiana) Utility Rate Discount Louisiana Residential Building Insulation Central Air conditioners Clothes Washers Comprehensive Measures/Whole Building Doors Duct/Air sealing Furnaces Heat pumps Water Heaters Windows Yes Dominion North Carolina Power - Energy Saver Home Plus (North Carolina) Utility Rate Discount North Carolina Residential Water Heaters
Conversion Between Implicit - CECM
Conversion Between Implicit and Parametric Representation of Differential Varieties. Xiao-Shan Gao, Institute of Systems Science, Chinese Academy of�...
1997 TMS Annual Meeting: Airline Discount Information
Reservations for any other American published fare can be made with a 5% discount savings (all fare tariff rules apply as published). Note that your travel on �...
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Discount
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
rates, study periods, and price escalation rates and can access the DOE projections of energy price increases used in the BLCC program. Keywords present value, discount factors,...
A random map implementation of implicit filters
Implicit particle filters for data assimilation generate high-probability samples by representing each particle location as a separate function of a common reference variable. This representation requires that a certain underdetermined equation be solved ... Keywords: Data assimilation, Implicit sampling, Particle filters, Sequential Monte Carlo
Matthias Morzfeld; Xuemin Tu; Ethan Atkins; Alexandre J. Chorin
Randolph EMC - Energy Efficient Home Discount Program | Department...
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Randolph EMC - Energy Efficient Home Discount Program Randolph EMC - Energy Efficient Home Discount Program Eligibility Residential Savings For Home Weatherization Commercial...
A Review of Recursive and Implicit Filters
Low- and high-pass traditional recursive and implicit filters are reviewed. Some similarities and differences between these two forms are illustrated. The use of recursive filters in signal processing is contrasted with the needs in meteorology. ...
William H. Raymond; Arthur Garder
Accounting for the Relationship of the Financial Position of Private, Baccalaureate-level and Above Institutions to Tuition Discount Rates
average tuition discount rate increases. Given the nature oftuition discount rate increases. Preliminary Exploratorytuition discount rate increases and financial position
Browning, Julianna
Discount rates and demand-side management
The standard economic analysis of of implied discount rates for energy-efficiency investment is wrong. First, consumers are not profit maximizing or economic optimizing agents with respect to energy. To the extent consumers make tradeoffs on some criteria other than energy costs, implied discount rates measure that other tradeoff, not the energy cost tradeoff. Second, to the extent that product pricing does not reflect tradeoffs between first cost and energy cost, there is no meaning to implied market discount rates based on these factors. Related to this misinterpretation of consumer and market discount rates is the issue of consumer and utility self-interest. To the extent that utilities can capitalize on the energy-inefficient investment behavior of individuals through DSM programs, it is in their interest and the ratepayer's interest to do so. Considerable evidence suggests that implied discount rates convey extremely misleading information about the level of this underinvestment. Drawing inferences about the value of DSM programs from this information is similarly misleading. An economic explanation of consumer and marker behavior suggests that such underinvestment is both rational and common and that large gains may be achieved through DSM. Societal welfare would be improved if utilities aggressively capitalized on the widespread consumer underinvestment in energy efficiency by incorporating DSM in their resource planning processes.
Chernoff, H.
Modeling Implicit Collusion Using Coevolution
Many oligopolies operate as a repeated game. In such circumstances, it can be expected that profit-maximising participants may engage in implicit collusion to profitably increase spot market prices. This paper models the emergence of such implicit collusion ... Keywords: electricity markets, energy, genetic algorithm, implicit collusion, noncooperative games, repeated games
E. J. Anderson; T. D. H. Cau
PSNC Energy (Gas) - Green Building Rate Discount | Department of Energy
PSNC Energy (Gas) - Green Building Rate Discount PSNC Energy (Gas) - Green Building Rate Discount PSNC Energy (Gas) - Green Building Rate Discount < Back Eligibility Commercial Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Commercial Heating & Cooling Design & Remodeling Solar Lighting Windows, Doors, & Skylights Heating Buying & Making Electricity Water Heating Wind Program Info State North Carolina Program Type Utility Rate Discount Rebate Amount $0.05 discount/therm Provider PSNC Energy This discounted rate is available to commercial customers whose building meets the U.S. Green Building Council's Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification or equivalent. To qualify, the customer must be on the Rate 125. Qualifying customers pay $.05 per therm
Store Deals Available: Discount Alter Ego Impact Ego Hot Oil ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
Discount Alter Ego Impact Ego Hot Oil Treatment with Garlic 1000 ml, Alter EGO Energizing / Prevention Shampoo for Hair Loss & Growth 1000 ml, ...
Figuring on energy: can gas discounts work
A Pennsylvania lawsuit is examining the effects of price competition among gas utilities in their efforts to retain industrial customers and the extra burdens discounts place on other users. Because gas markets have not matched the fall in oil prices, gas utilities face the loss of their largest customers to residual oil unless small users are willing to accept a surcharge to cover a larger share of the utility's fixed prices. The dilemma of when to switch is causing uncertainty among dual-fuel users. (DCK)
Schaffer, P.
Canada affirms ban on discount gas exports
Canada's National Energy Board has banned discount gas export deals with California and supported Canadian producer arguments for long term contracts at stable prices. The ruling is seen as a victory by Canadian producers in a battle with the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) over gas exports and prices. It benefits Canadian producers who are members of a supply pool that provides contract gas to California. There is a $1 billion/year gas export trade flowing from Alberta to California. Several projects are under way to expand pipeline capacity and increase exports.
Not Available
Implicit Particle Methods and Their Connection with Variational Data Assimilation
The implicit particle filter is a sequential Monte Carlo method for data assimilation that guides the particles to the high-probability regions via a sequence of steps that includes minimizations. A new and more general derivation of this approach ...
Ethan Atkins; Matthias Morzfeld; Alexandre J. Chorin
An Implicitly Balanced Hurricane Model with Physics-Based Preconditioning
A numerical framework for simulating hurricanes based upon solving a nonlinear equation set with an implicitly balanced solution procedure is described in this paper. The physical model is the Navier�Stokes equations plus a highly simplified and ...
J. M. Reisner; A. Mousseau; A. A. Wyszogrodzki; D. A. Knoll
Supermarket and Gasoline: An Empirical Study of Bundled Discount
purchases are above a certain dollar amount are offered a discount off the pump price of those gasoline://www.ftc.gov/os/2004/06/040618staffcommentsmichiganpetrol.pdf. 3 Parish Oil Co, Inc. v. Dillon Companies, Inc., 2006 WL 2632566 (D. Colo. 2006) #12;2 discounts on market average pump price, the relative pump price between
Schweik, Charles M.
Implicit Methods for the Magnetohydrodynamic Description of Magnetically Confined Plasmas
Implicit algorithms are essential for predicting the slow growth and saturation of global instabilities in today�s magnetically confined fusion plasma experiments. Present day algorithms for obtaining implicit solutions to the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations for highly magnetized plasma have their roots in algorithms used in the 1960s and 1970s. However, today�s computers and modern linear and non?linear solver techniques make practical much more comprehensive implicit algorithms than were previously possible. Combining these advanced implicit algorithms with highly accurate spatial representations of the vector fields describing the plasma flow and magnetic fields and with improved methods of calculating anisotropic thermal conduction now makes possible simulations of fusion experiments using realistic values of plasma parameters and actual configuration geometry.
S.C. Jardin
Implicit learning of semantic preferences
conditioning relies on conscious predictive relationships between events. In psychology, the putative demonstrations of implicit learning so far have predominantly been based on perceptual form-level regularities, e.g. letter sequences. This has led...
Paciorek, Albertyna
ComEd - Business Instant Lighting Discounts Program (Illinois) | Department
ComEd - Business Instant Lighting Discounts Program (Illinois) ComEd - Business Instant Lighting Discounts Program (Illinois) ComEd - Business Instant Lighting Discounts Program (Illinois) < Back Eligibility Commercial Industrial Multi-Family Residential Savings Category Appliances & Electronics Commercial Lighting Lighting Program Info Funding Source Illinois Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard (EEPS) surcharge Start Date 06/01/2012 State Illinois Program Type Utility Rebate Program Rebate Amount Varies by technology ComEd offers the Business Instant Lighting Discounts program to businesses, multi-family properties and private schools. Incentives are available on a variety of reduced wattage lamps which can be installed as a direct replacement for standard lamps without having to rewire the fixture. Eligible lamps include screw-in CFLs, reduced wattage T8 and T5 linear
Electricity supply chain coordination based on quantity discount contracts
Electricity supply chain coordination mechanism from the fuel supply, power generation and transmission to electricity consumption has become an important research topic to ease electric coal supply conflicts. In this paper, based on the quantity discount ...
Yu Dai; Hongming Yang; Jiajie Wu
Structure and Dynamics of End-to-End Loop Formation of the Penta-Peptide Cys-Ala-Gly-Gln-Trp in Implicit Solvents
-Ala-Gly-Gln-Trp in Implicit Solvents In-Chul Yeh* and Anders Wallqvist Biotechnology High Performance Computing Software
Selection of a discount rate for use in NRC regulatory analyses and application of discount rates to future averted health effects
The principal objective of this report is to provide background information and recommendations on the use of discount rates in the regulatory analysis process. The report focuses on two issues selecting the appropriate discount rate or rates to use when conducting a regulatory analysis, and applying the selected discount rate to future health-related benefits estimated to result from alternative regulatory actions.
Paananen, O.H.; Hendrickson, P.L.
Suggesting friends using the implicit social graph
Although users of online communication tools rarely categorize their contacts into groups such as "family", "co-workers", or "jogging buddies", they nonetheless implicitly cluster contacts, by virtue of their interactions with them, forming implicit ... Keywords: contact group clustering, implicit social graph, tie strength
Maayan Roth; Assaf Ben-David; David Deutscher; Guy Flysher; Ilan Horn; Ari Leichtberg; Naty Leiser; Yossi Matias; Ron Merom
Blending implicit shapes using fuzzy set operations
Implicit modelling is a powerful technique to design geometric shapes, where a geometric object is described by a real function. In general, the real functions used in implicit modelling are unbounded and can take any values in space R. In general, ... Keywords: blending operations, fuzzy sets, generalized algebraic operations, implicit curves and surfaces, isosurfaces, piecewise algebraic operations, soft computing
Qingde Li; Jie Tian
Legal Landscape of Tribal Renewable Energy Development Conference Discount
Legal Landscape of Tribal Renewable Energy Development Conference Legal Landscape of Tribal Renewable Energy Development Conference Discount Registration Deadline Extended to Nov. 14 Legal Landscape of Tribal Renewable Energy Development Conference Discount Registration Deadline Extended to Nov. 14 November 12, 2013 - 1:20pm Addthis The Office of Indian Energy and the Indian Legal Program (ILP) at the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law at Arizona State University are co-hosting a two-day conference November 21-22 on the legal issues and considerations for developing renewable energy projects in Indian Country. Speakers from the federal and private sectors will present on the following topics: Federal Indian laws and regulations on leasing, right-of-ways, including the HEARTH Act and Tribal Energy Resource Agreements National Environmental Policy Act and National Historic Preservation
REVENUE TIER DISCOUNT REVENUE TIER DISCOUNT S* Service Category Baseline $0-$9M Tier 1 $10-34M Tier 2 $ 35-74M Tier 3 $75-149M Tier 4 $150-199M Tier 5 $200M+ Express Next Day First AM MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS Express Next Day Mid-Morning MAS 21.9% 24.0% 26.9% 29.2% 30.2% Express Next Day Afternoon MAS 21.9% 24.0% 26.9% 29.2% 30.2% Express Second Day MAS 21.9% 24.0% 26.9% 29.2% 30.2% Express Third Day MAS 21.9% 24.0% 26.9% 29.2% 30.2% Intl Priority - Puerto Rico MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS Intl Economy - Puerto Rico MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS Same Day Service MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS MAS Standard Ground** MAS 1.7% 4.8% 13.2% 15.2% 17.3% Ground $4,000 - $40,000** Not Offered 4.8% 11.1% 15.2% 17.3% 27.9% Ground $40,000+" Not Offered 39.2% 39.2% 39.2% 39.2% 39.2% *Discounts shown EXCLUDE the waiver of fuel surcharges and are thus understated
Piedmont EMC - Rate Discount for Energy Star Homes | Department of Energy
Piedmont EMC - Rate Discount for Energy Star Homes Piedmont EMC - Rate Discount for Energy Star Homes Piedmont EMC - Rate Discount for Energy Star Homes < Back Eligibility Residential Savings Category Heating & Cooling Home Weatherization Construction Commercial Weatherization Commercial Heating & Cooling Design & Remodeling Program Info State North Carolina Program Type Utility Rate Discount Rebate Amount Monthly Energy Discount Provider Piedmont Electric Membership Corporation Piedmont Electric Membership Corporation (PEMC) offers an incentive to its residential customers for residing in an energy efficient home. To qualify, the home must meet the standards of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Energy Star-labeled home program and be verified by a registered third party. Eligible houses will receive a discount on monthly electric
Strong scaling analysis of a parallel, unstructured, implicit solver and the influence of the operating system interference
PHASTA falls under the category of high-performance scientific computation codes designed for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). Its a massively parallel unstructured, implicit solver with particular emphasis on fluid dynamics (CFD) applications. ... Keywords: OS jitter, Strong scaling, massively parallel processing, unstructured and implicit methods
Onkar Sahni; Christopher D. Carothers; Mark S. Shephard; Kenneth E. Jansen
Save on shop cheap: Discount Alter Ego Impact Ego Hot Oil ...
DAVIC - Distributed Energy Automation via Implicit Communication
DAVIC - Distributed Energy Automation via Implicit Communication DAVIC - Distributed Energy Automation via Implicit Communication Speaker(s): Peter Palensky Date: January 22, 2008 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Peng Xu The electricity grid is seen as a wide-area distributed process, determined by its sub-processes - in our case the loads and distributed generation. Network-based coordination needs to be done very carefully and properly timed to avoid instabilities. Luckily, every point of the grid has the same grid frequency and the same time. Integrating these two trivial things (implicit communication) into one consistent communication model might complement a low-quality (explicit) best-effort communication channel (e.g. Internet, GPRS) for real time applications. A simulation shall clarify how
Discussion Papers In Economics And Business A Non-Unitary Discount Rate Model
The standard economic model of intertemporal decision making assumes that a single discount rate applies equally to discount (dis)utility from all different sources. However, studies such as psychology and behavioral economics have provided evidence that people might discount (dis)utility from different sources at different rates. This paper develops a simple model where the agent discounts utility from consumption at a different rate from disutility of labor supply. We show that in our non-unitary discount rate model, the preferences of the agent are time-inconsistent. The source of the time inconsistency is the difference between relative impatience with consumption and labor supply. It is shown that the policy effects in our model are quite different from those in the standard model. For example, when the agent discounts utility from consumption at a higher rate than the disutility of labor supply, the Friedman rule (the zero nominal interest rate) is no longer optimal. We also make comparisons between our results and those obtained in a model with a time variable discount rate where the preferences are time-inconsistent. It is also shown that the policy effects in our model
Koichi Futagami; Takeo Hori; Koichi Futagami; Takeo Hori; Koichi Futagami; Takeo Hori; Noritaka Kudo; Kazuo Mino; Akira Momota; Shoko Morimoto; Makoto Nirei; Makoto Saito; Katsuya Takii; Takayuki Tsuruga; Takashi Unayama
Personalized news recommendation via implicit social experts
Personalized news recommendation has become a promising research direction as the Internet provides fast access to real-time information around the world. A variety of news recommender systems based on different strategies have been proposed to provide ... Keywords: Implicit social network, Influential experts, Information diffusion, News recommendation, Personalization, Probabilistic matrix factorization
Chen Lin, Runquan Xie, Xinjun Guan, Lei Li, Tao Li
Implicit CAPTCHAs Henry S. Bairda and Jon L. Bentleyb
for machine readers, to form one in a series of effective implicit CAPTCHAs. to porn sites). Some of the first
Baird, Henry S.
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis- 2010
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE))
Report describes the 2010 edition of energy price indices and discount factors for performing life-cycle cost analyses of energy and water conservation and renewable energy projects in federal facilities.
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost...
7 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2012 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S. Rushing Joshua D....
5 (Rev. 510) Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2010 Annual Supplement to Amy S. Rushing NIST Handbook 135 and Joshua D. Kneifel NBS Special...
NISTIR 85-3273-28 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2013 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S....
A robust, colocated, implicit algorithm for direct numerical simulation of compressible, turbulent flows
A non-dissipative, robust, implicit algorithm is proposed for direct numerical and large-eddy simulation of compressible turbulent flows. The algorithm addresses the problems caused by low Mach numbers and under-resolved high Reynolds numbers. It colocates ... Keywords: All-Mach number, Compressible turbulence, Direct numerical simulation, Discrete energy conservation, Large-eddy simulation, Non-dissipative
Yucheng Hou; Krishnan Mahesh
Parallelizing Implicit Algorithm for TimeDependent Problems by Parabolic Domain
Parallelizing Implicit Algorithm for TimeDependent Problems by Parabolic Domain Decomposition parallel highorder algorithm for the solution of parabolic and elliptic PDE's. The parallelization decomposition,parabolic and elliptic PDEs, spectral method, lcoal Fourier bases,Green function, parallelization
Averbuch, Amir
Numerical Tests with Gauss-Type Nested Implicit Runge-Kutta Formulas
In this paper we conduct a detailed numerical analysis of the Gauss-type Nested Implicit Runge-Kutta formulas of order 4, introduced by Kulikov and Shindin in [4]. These methods possess many important practical properties such as high order, good stability, ...
Gennady Yu. Kulikov; Sergey K. Shindin
Adaptive Implicit Non-Equilibrium Radiation Diffusion
We describe methods for accurate and efficient long term time integra- tion of non-equilibrium radiation diffusion systems: implicit time integration for effi- cient long term time integration of stiff multiphysics systems, local control theory based step size control to minimize the required global number of time steps while control- ling accuracy, dynamic 3D adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) to minimize memory and computational costs, Jacobian Free Newton-Krylov methods on AMR grids for efficient nonlinear solution, and optimal multilevel preconditioner components that provide level independent solver convergence.
Philip, Bobby [ORNL; Wang, Zhen [ORNL; Berrill, Mark A [ORNL; Rodriguez Rodriguez, Manuel [ORNL; Pernice, Michael [Idaho National Laboratory (INL)
Tuple spaces in hardware for accelerated implicit routing
Organizing and optimizing data objects on networks with support for data migration and failing nodes is a complicated problem to handle as systems grow. The goal of this work is to demonstrate that high levels of speedup can be achieved by moving responsibility for finding, fetching, and staging data into an FPGA-based network card. We present a system for implicit routing of data via FPGA-based network cards. In this system, data structures are requested by name, and the network of FPGAs finds the data within the network and relays the structure to the requester. This is acheived through successive examination of hardware hash tables implemented in the FPGA. By avoiding software stacks between nodes, the data is quickly fetched entirely through FPGA-FPGA interaction. The performance of this system is orders of magnitude faster than software implementations due to the improved speed of the hash tables and lowered latency between the network nodes.
Baker, Zachary Kent [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Tripp, Justin [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Direct Solution Of The Implicit Formulation Of Fourth Order Horizontal Diffusion For Gridpoint Models On The Sphere
High order horizontal diffusion of the form Kr 2m is widely used in spectral models as a means of preventing energy accumulation at the shortest resolved scales. In the spectral context, an implicit formulation of such diffusion is trivial to implement. The present note describes an efficient method of implementing implicit high order diffusion in global finite difference models. The method expresses the high order diffusion equation as a sequence of equations involving r 2 . The solution is obtained by combining fast Fourier transforms in longitude with a finite difference solver for the second order ordinary differential equation in latitude. The implicit diffusion routine is suitable for use in any finite difference global model that uses a regular latitude/longitude grid. The absence of a restriction on the timestep makes it particularly suitable for use in semi-Lagrangian models. The scale selectivity of the high order diffusion gives it an advantage over the uncent...
Yong Li; J. Ray; Yong Li G S. Moorthi; J. Ray Bates
Computing smallest singular triplets with implicitly restarted Lanczos bidiagonalization
A matrix-free algorithm, IRLANB, for the efficient computation of the smallest singular triplets of large and possibly sparse matrices is described. Key characteristics of the approach are its use of Lanczos bidiagonalization, implicit restarting, and ... Keywords: Lanczos bidiagonalization, deflation, harmonic Ritz values, implicit restarting, pseudospectrum, refined singular vectors
E. Kokiopoulou; C. Bekas; E. Gallopoulos
Semi-implicit time integration for PN thermal radiative transfer
Implicit time integration involving the solution of large systems of equations is the current paradigm for time-dependent radiative transfer. In this paper we present a semi-implicit, linear discontinuous Galerkin method for the spherical harmonics (P"N) ... Keywords: Asymptotic diffusion limit, Discontinuous Galerkin, PN approximation, Thermal radiative transfer
Ryan G. McClarren; Thomas M. Evans; Robert B. Lowrie; Jeffery D. Densmore
A fully implicit numerical method for single-fluid resistive magnetohydrodynamics
We present a nonlinearly implicit, conservative numerical method for integration of the single-fluid resistive MHD equations. The method uses a high-order spatial discretization that preserves the solenoidal property of the magnetic field. The fully coupled PDE system is solved implicitly in time, providing for increased interaction between physical processes as well as additional stability over explicit-time methods. A high-order adaptive time integration is employed, which in many cases enables time steps ranging from one to two orders of magnitude larger than those constrained by the explicit CFL condition. We apply the solution method to illustrative examples relevant to stiff magnetic fusion processes which challenge the efficiency of explicit methods. We provide computational evidence showing that for such problems the method is comparably accurate with explicit-time simulations, while providing a significant runtime improvement due to its increased temporal stability.
Reynolds, Daniel R. [Department of Mathematics, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, Dept 0112, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093-0112 (United States)]. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Samtaney, Ravi [Princeton Plasma Physics Lab, MS 26, P.O. Box 451, Princeton, NJ 08543 (United States)]. E-mail: email@example.com; Woodward, Carol S. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab, P.O. Box 808, L-551, Livermore, CA 94551 (United States)]. E-mail: email@example.com
Implicit Concept-based Image Indexing and Retrieval
This paper focuses on Implicit Concept-based Image Indexing and Retrieval (ICIIR), and the development of animproved method for the indexing and retrieval of images. The method involves the development of techniques to enablecomponents of an image to ...
I. A. Azzam; C. H. C. Leung; J. F. Horwood
Visual analysis of implicit social networks for suspicious behavior detection
In this paper we show how social networks, implicitly built from communication data, can serve as a basis for suspicious behavior detection from large communications data (landlines and mobile phone calls) provided by communication services providers ...
Amyn Bennamane; Hakim Hacid; Arnaud Ansiaux; Alain Cagnati
An iterative semi-implicit scheme with robust damping
An efficient, iterative semi-implicit (SI) numerical method for the time integration of stiff wave systems is presented. Physics-based assumptions are used to derive a convergent iterative formulation of the SI scheme which enables the monitoring and ... Keywords: 52.30Ex, 52.35Hr, 52.35Py, 52.35Vd, 52.65Tt, Dispersive plasma waves, Gyrofluid, Magnetic reconnection, Robust damping, Semi-implicit methods, Symplectic methods
N. F. Loureiro; G. W. Hammett
Adaptive nested implicit Runge--Kutta formulas of Gauss type
This paper deals with a special family of implicit Runge-Kutta formulas of orders 2, 4 and 6. These methods are of Gauss type; i.e., they are based on Gauss quadrature formulas of orders 2, 4 and 6, respectively. However, the methods under discussion ... Keywords: 65L05, 65L06, Almost symplectic integration, Gauss-type methods, Local error estimation, Nested implicit Runge--Kutta formulas, Ordinary differential equations
G. Yu. Kulikov; S. K. Shindin
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2010
5 5 (Rev. 5/10) Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2010 Annual Supplement to Amy S. Rushing NIST Handbook 135 and Joshua D. Kneifel NBS Special Publication 709 Barbara C. Lippiatt U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Prepared for United States Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program April 2005 May 2010 ENERGY PRICE INDICES AND DISCOUNT FACTORS FOR LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 April 1, 2010 to March 31, 2011 Data for the Federal Methodology for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Title 10, CFR, Part 436, Subpart A; and for the Energy Conservation Mandatory Performance Standards for New Federal Residential Buildings,
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2011
April 2005 April 2005 NISTIR 85-3273-26 (Rev. 9/11) Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2011 Annual Supplement to Amy S. Rushing NIST Handbook 135 and Joshua D. Kneifel NBS Special Publication 709 Barbara C. Lippiatt U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Prepared for United States Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program September 2011 NISTIR 85-3273-26 ENERGY PRICE INDICES AND DISCOUNT FACTORS FOR LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 April 1, 2011 to March 31, 2012 Data for the Federal Methodology for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Title 10, CFR, Part 436, Subpart A; and for the Energy Conservation Mandatory Performance Standards for New Federal Residential Buildings,
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis-2013
8 8 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2013 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S. Rushing Joshua D. Kneifel Barbara C. Lippiatt http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.85-3273-28 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Prepared for United States Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program April 2005 NISTIR 85-3273-28 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2013 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S. Rushing Joshua D. Kneifel Barbara C. Lippiatt Applied Economics Office Engineering Laboratory http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.85-3273-28
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2012
7 7 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2012 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S. Rushing Joshua D. Kneifel Barbara C. Lippiatt http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.85-3273-27 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Technology Administration National Institute of Standards and Technology Prepared for United States Department of Energy Federal Energy Management Program April 2005 NISTIR 85-3273-27 Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis - 2012 Annual Supplement to NIST Handbook 135 and NBS Special Publication 709 Amy S. Rushing Joshua D. Kneifel Barbara C. Lippiatt Applied Economics Office Engineering Laboratory http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.85-3273-27
Explicit-implicit difference scheme for the joint solution of the radiative transfer and energy equations by the splitting method
High-order accurate explicit and implicit conservative predictor-corrector schemes are presented for the radiative transfer and energy equations in the multigroup kinetic approximation solved together by applying the splitting method with respect to ... Keywords: difference splitting schemes, radiative transfer equations
N. Ya. Moiseev
Implicit continuum mechanics approach to heat conduction in granular materials
In this paper, we derive a properly frame-invariant implicit constitutive relationship for the heat flux vector for a granular medium (or a density-gradient-type fluid). The heat flux vector is commonly modeled by Fourier�s law of heat conduction, and for complex materials such as nonlinear fluids, porous media, or granular materials, the coefficient of thermal conductivity is generalized by assuming that it would depend on a host of material and kinematic parameters such as temperature, shear rate, porosity, concentration, etc. In this paper, we extend the approach of Massoudi [Massoudi, M. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 2006, 29, 1585; Massoudi, M. Math. Methods Appl. Sci. 2006, 29, 1599], who provided explicit constitutive relations for the heat flux vector for flowing granular materials; in order to do so, we use the implicit scheme suggested by Fox [Fox, N. Int. J. Eng. Sci. 1969, 7, 437], who obtained implicit relations in thermoelasticity.
Massoudi, M.; Mehrabadi, M.
The impact of valence shifters on mining implicit economic opinions
We investigated the influence of valence shifters on sentiment analysis within a new model built to extract opinions from economic texts. The system relies on implicit convictions that emerge from the studied texts through co-occurrences of economic ... Keywords: diminishers, economic predictions, negations, opinion mining, valence shifters
Claudiu Musat; Stefan Trausan-Matu
Electrostatic Free Energy and its Variations in Implicit Solvent Models
Electrostatic Free Energy and its Variations in Implicit Solvent Models Jianwei Che , Joachim. The unique set of such concentrations that minimize this free energy are given by the usual Boltzmann. The variation of the electrostatic free energy with respect to the location change of solute-solvent interfaces
Li, Bo
Multi-projectors and implicit interaction in persuasive public displays
Recent advances in computer video projection open up new possibilities for real-time interactive, persuasive displays. Now a display can continuously adapt to a viewer so as to maximize its effectiveness. However, by the very nature of persuasion, these ... Keywords: implicit interaction, multi-projectors, persuasive displays, projective displays, proximity detection, proximity sensors, retail environments, ubiquitous computing
Paul Dietz; Ramesh Raskar; Shane Booth; Jeroen van Baar; Kent Wittenburg; Brian Knep
Iterative methods for visualization of implicit surfaces on GPU
The ray-casting of implicit surfaces on GPU has been explored in the last few years. However, until recently, they were restricted to second degree (quadrics). We present an iterative solution to ray cast cubics and quartics on GPU. Our solution targets ...
Rodrigo de Toledo; Bruno Levy; Jean-Claude Paul
Reduced Variance for Material Sources in Implicit Monte Carlo
Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC), a time-implicit method due to Fleck and Cummings, is used for simulating supernovae and inertial confinement fusion (ICF) systems where x-rays tightly and nonlinearly interact with hot material. The IMC algorithm represents absorption and emission within a timestep as an effective scatter. Similarly, the IMC time-implicitness splits off a portion of a material source directly into the radiation field. We have found that some of our variance reduction and particle management schemes will allow large variances in the presence of small, but important, material sources, as in the case of ICF hot electron preheat sources. We propose a modification of our implementation of the IMC method in the Jayenne IMC Project. Instead of battling the sampling issues associated with a small source, we bypass the IMC implicitness altogether and simply deterministically update the material state with the material source if the temperature of the spatial cell is below a user-specified cutoff. We describe the modified method and present results on a test problem that show the elimination of variance for small sources.
Urbatsch, Todd J. [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Energy conservation standards for new federal residential buildings: A decision analysis study using relative value discounting
This report presents a reassessment of the proposed standard for energy conservation in new federal residential buildings. The analysis uses the data presented in the report, Economic Analysis: In Support of Interim Energy Conservation Standards for New Federal Residential Buildings (June 1988)-to be referred to as the EASIECS report. The reassessment differs from that report in several respects. In modeling factual information, it uses more recent forecasts of future energy prices and it uses data from the Bureau of the Census in order to estimate the distribution of lifetimes of residential buildings rather than assuming a hypothetical 25-year lifetime. In modeling social preferences decision analysis techniques are used in order to examine issues of public values that often are not included in traditional cost-benefit analyses. The present report concludes that the public would benefit from the proposed standard. Several issues of public values regarding energy use are illustrated with methods to include them in a formal analysis of a proposed energy policy. The first issue places a value on costs and benefits that will occur in the future as an irreversible consequence of current policy choices. This report discusses an alternative method, called relative value discounting which permits flexible discounting of future events-and the possibility of placing greater values on future events. The second issue places a value on the indirect benefits of energy savings so that benefits accrue to everyone rather than only to the person who saves the energy. This report includes non-zero estimates of the indirect benefits. The third issue is how the costs and benefits discussed in a public policy evaluation should be compared. In summary, selection of individual projects with larger benefit to cost ratios leads to a portfolio of projects with the maximum benefit to cost difference. 30 refs., 6 figs., 16 tabs. (JF)
Harvey, C. (Houston Univ., TX (USA). Coll. of Business Administration); Merkhofer, M.M.; Hamm, G.L. (Applied Decision Analysis, Inc., Menlo Park, CA (USA))
Integrating implicit answers with object-oriented queries
Queries in object-oriented datab;Lqcs are formulated against a class and retrieve instnnccls of the class sat,is-fying a certain predicate on the att,riblltes of the class. The presence of a class hierarchy, an integral part of any object-oriented data model, allows answers to be expressed implicitly in terms of classes and instances. This enables answers to be provided at different levels of abstraction. Shum and Muntz [SM88] presented a way of providing implicit expressions based on a taxonomy defined over the database. The algorithm presented in [SM88] is optimal in the length of the answer but the clarity of the answer is often poor. In this paper, the fo-cus is on coherent answers: implicit answers that are not necessarily optimal in the number of terms but are easy to comprehend. We show that a uniqlle coherent answer can be obtained efficiently in a top down nlanncr. Since the objective is to provide cohcrcnt, answers, and user queries are formulated by means of query operators to access the database, the standard query operators are redefined to obtain and manipulate coherent answers. Coherent answers are useful in coping with information complexity as they allow answers to be represented ab-stractly and are also a useful rctprescntation tool for complex information systems. 1
Hava T. Siegelmann
Internet voting protocol based on implicit data security
This paper presents a new protocol for Internet voting based on implicit data security. This protocol allows recasting of votes, which permits a change of mind by voters either during the time window over which polling is open or during a shorter period over which recasting is permitted. The security of votes depends on multiple servers such that each vote is divided into partitions and these partitions are distributed among the servers, all of which need to be brought together to reconstruct the votes. Such a protocol has potential applications in bargaining and electronic commerce.
Parakh, Abhishek
Implicit--explicit methods based on strong stability preserving multistep time discretizations
In this note we propose and analyze novel implicit-explicit methods based on second order strong stability preserving multistep time discretizations. Several schemes are developed, and a linear stability analysis is performed to study their properties ... Keywords: Advection--diffusion equation, Implicit--explicit methods, Stability, Strong stability preserving methods
Thor Gjesdal
Accuracy Analysis of a Spectral Element Atmospheric Model Using a Fully Implicit Solution Framework
A fully implicit (FI) time integration method has been implemented into a spectral finite-element shallow-water equation model on a sphere, and it is compared to existing fully explicit leapfrog and semi-implicit methods for a suite of test ...
Katherine J. Evans; Mark A. Taylor; John B. Drake
Operator splitting implicit integration factor methods for stiff reaction-diffusion-advection systems
For reaction-diffusion-advection equations, the stiffness from the reaction and diffusion terms often requires very restricted time step size, while the nonlinear advection term may lead to a sharp gradient in localized spatial regions. It is challenging ... Keywords: Compact implicit integration factor methods, Implicit integration factor methods, Operator splitting, Reaction-diffusion-advection equations, Weighted essentially non-oscillatory methods
Su Zhao; Jeremy Ovadia; Xinfeng Liu; Yong-Tao Zhang; Qing Nie
A matrix free implicit scheme for solution of resistive magneto-hydrodynamics equations on unstructured grids
The resistive magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) governing equations represent eight conservation equations for the evolution of density, momentum, energy and induced magnetic fields in an electrically conducting fluid, typically a plasma. A matrix free implicit ... Keywords: Finite volume methods, Implicit schemes, Lower-Upper Symmetric Gauss Seidel, Magneto-hydrodynamics, Matrix-free, Unstructured grids
H. Sitaraman, L. L. Raja
Towards a scalable fully-implicit fully-coupled resistive MHD formulation with stabilized FE methods
This paper explores the development of a scalable, nonlinear, fully-implicit stabilized unstructured finite element (FE) capability for 2D incompressible (reduced) resistive MHD. The discussion considers the implementation of a stabilized FE formulation ... Keywords: Direct-to-steady-state, Fully-implicit, Large-scale parallel, Multilevel preconditioner, Newton-Krylov, Resistive MHD, Stabilized finite element
J. N. Shadid; R. P. Pawlowski; J. W. Banks; L. Chac�n; P. T. Lin; R. S. Tuminaro
Adult age differences in perceptually based, but not conceptually based implicit tests of memory
Implicit tests of memory assess the influence of recent experience without requiring awareness of remembering. Evidence concerning age differences on implicit tests of memory suggests small age differences in favor of younger adults. However, the majority of research examining this issue has relied upon perceptually based implicit tests. Recently, a second type of implicit test, one that relies upon conceptually based processes, has been identified. The pattern of age differences on this second type of implicit test is less clear. In the present study, we examined the pattern of age differences oh one conceptually based (fact completion) and one perceptually based (stem completion) implicit test of memory, as well as two explicit tests of memory (fact and word recall). Tasks were administered to 403 adults from three age groups (19-34 years, 58-73 years, 74-89 years). Significant age differences in favor of the young were found on stem completion but not fact completion. Age differences were present for both word and fact recall. Correlational analyses examining the relationship of memory performance to other cognitive variables indicated that the implicit tests were supported by different components than the explicit tests, as well as being different from each other. IN RECENT years, there has been a great deal of interest in implicit tests of memory (Graf & Masson, 1993; Lewandosky, Dunn, & Kirsner, 1989). Unlike explicit tests of
Brent J. Small; David F. Hultsch; Michael E. J. Masson
Methods for coupling radiation, ion, and electron energies in grey Implicit Monte Carlo
We present three methods for extending the Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) method to treat the time-evolution of coupled radiation, electron, and ion energies. The first method splits the ion and electron coupling and conduction from the standard IMC radiation-transport ... Keywords: Implicit Monte Carlo, Thermal radiation transport, Three-temperature model
T. M. Evans; J. D. Densmore
Using facial expressions and peripheral physiological signals as implicit indicators of topical relevance
Multimedia search systems face a number of challenges, emanating mainly from the semantic gap problem. Implicit feedback is considered a useful technique in addressing many of the semantic-related issues. By analysing implicit feedback information search ... Keywords: affective feedback, facial expression analysis, multimedia retrieval, classification, pattern recognition, physiological signal processing, support vector machines
Ioannis Arapakis; Ioannis Konstas; Joemon M. Jose
Implicitly balanced solution of the two-phase flow equations coupled to nonlinear heat conduction
This paper presents the solution of the two-phase flow equations coupled to nonlinear heat conduction using the Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov (JFNK) method which employs a physics-based preconditioner. Computer simulations will demonstrate that the implicitly ... Keywords: implicit, nonlinear, preconditioning, two-phase flow
V. A. Mousseau
Elastoplastic implicit integration algorithm applicable to both plane stress and three-dimensional stress states
An elastoplastic implicit integration algorithm applicable to both plane stress and three-dimensional stress states is developed for a general class of combined nonlinear kinematic-isotropic hardening models. The algorithm is first built for three-dimensional ... Keywords: Constitutive models, Implicit integration, Plane stress, Plasticity, Three-dimensional stress
Nobutada Ohno; Masatoshi Tsuda; Takafumi Kamei
A dyadic-interactional perspective of implicit trait policies
The dyadic-interactional perspective of personality suggests that behavior is a function of both stable personality traits and the dynamic interpersonal environment. According to this theory, interpersonal behavior generally follows the principle of complementarity where behavior tends to be complementary on a dimension of dominance-submissiveness and supplementary on a dimension of warmth-coldness. Implicit trait policies are thought to influence judgments of behavioral effectiveness and be influenced by personality traits. The current study examines the dyadic-interactional perspective using a situational judgment test (SJT) method in order to more fully understand both the relationship between personality traits and behavior but also to better understand the basic assumptions of the dyadic-interactional perspective. A 24-situation SJT was developed by the author to measure appropriate and inappropriate situations along the dimensions of dominance and warmth. Ten advanced psychology graduate students served as expert raters. Personality scales and the SJT were completed by 317 undergraduates for course credit. Interpersonal skills rated by 117 of the participants� friends served as a performance criterion for Hypothesis 5. Results support a congruence effect where the fit between response and trait warmth has a positive effect on judgments of behavioral effectiveness. Although a quadratic implicit trait policy effect was observed, results did not support a congruence effect for dominance. Interpersonal rigidity was shown to moderate the effect of both dominant and warm responses but was not shown to moderate the effect of traits. Complementarity hypotheses were not supported, likely due to range restriction of analyzed situations. Exploratory analyses revealed effects in support of interpersonal theory. Situations and responses influenced perceived behavioral effectiveness in accordance with the propositions of interpersonal theory. Situational appropriateness was identified as a moderator of the relationship between situations and responses. Situational judgment test scores were scored in accordance with interpersonal theory. Scores were not shown to observable interpersonal skills as hypothesized, correlating with only one 4-item subscale. Results extend both implicit trait policies and interpersonal theory. Implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
Benzer, Justin Kane
An Implicit Nonlinearly Consistent Method for the Two-Dimensional Shallow-Water Equations with Coriolis Force
An implicit and nonlinearly consistent (INC) solution technique is presented for the two-dimensional shallow-water equations. Since the method is implicit, and therefore unconditionally stable, time steps may be used that result in both gravity ...
V. A. Mousseau; D. A. Knoll; J. M. Reisner
Implicit Renewal Theory and Power Tails on Trees
We extend Goldie's (1991) Implicit Renewal Theorem to enable the analysis of recursions on weighted branching trees. We illustrate the developed method by deriving the power tail asymptotics of the distributions of the solutions R to: R =_D sum_{i=1}^N C_i R_i + Q, R =_D max(max_{i=1}^N C_i R_i, Q), and similar recursions, where (Q, N, C_1,..., C_N) is a nonnegative random vector with N in {0, 1, 2, 3, ..., infinity}, and {R_i}_{i >= 1} are iid copies of R, independent of (Q, N, C_1,..., C_N); =_D denotes the equality in distribution.
Jelenkovi?, Predrag R
Scalable implicit finite element solver for massively parallel processing with demonstration to 160K cores
Implicit methods for partial differential equations using unstructured meshes allow for an efficient solution strategy for many real-world problems (e.g., simulation-based virtual surgical planning). Scalable solvers employing these methods not only ...
Onkar Sahni; Min Zhou; Mark S. Shephard; Kenneth E. Jansen
A Conservative Integration of the Pseudo-Incompressible Equations with Implicit Turbulence Parameterization
Durran�s pseudo-incompressible equations are integrated in a mass and momentum conserving way with a new implicit turbulence model. This system is soundproof, which has two major advantages over fully compressible systems: the Courant�Friedrichs�...
Felix Rieper; Stefan Hickel; Ulrich Achatz
Elastic demons: characterizing cortical development in neonates using an implicit surface registration
We present an approach for nonrigid registration of consecutive neonatal cortical surfaces from MR images acquired at 30 and 40 week corrected gestational ages. Surfaces are registered implicitly using a method based on the Demons algorithm. Our key ...
Paul C. Pearlman; Ivana I�gum; Karina J. Kersbergen; Manon J. N. L. Benders; Max A. Viergever; Josien P. W. Pluim
Implicit�Explicit Multistep Methods for Fast-Wave�Slow-Wave Problems
Implicit�explicit (IMEX) linear multistep methods are examined with respect to their suitability for the integration of fast-wave�slow-wave problems in which the fast wave has relatively low amplitude and need not be accurately simulated. The ...
Dale R. Durran; Peter N. Blossey
A Study of the Spurious Orographic Resonance in Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Models
The semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian (hereafter SISL) numerical integration scheme has been widely adopted in atmospheric models as it permits, without loss of accuracy, the use of time steps much larger than those permitted by the Courant�...
Karina Lindberg; Vladimir A. Alexeev
Stability of a Two-Time-Level Semi-Implicit Integration Scheme for Gravity Wave Motion
A study is made of the computational stability of semi-implicit treatments of gravity wave motion suitable for use with two-time-level advection schemes. The analysis is for horizontally uniform reference values of temperature and surface ...
A. J. Simmons; C. Temperton
Parametric completely generalized mixed implicit quasi-variational inclusions involving h-maximal monotone mappings
A new class of parametric completely generalized mixed implicit quasi-variational inclusions involving h-maximal monotone mappings is introduced. By applying resolvent operator technique of h-maximal monotone mapping and the property of fixed point set ... Keywords: 47H05, 47J20, 47J25, 49J40, 49J53, Parametric completely generalized mixed implicit quasi-variational inclusion, Resolvent operator, Sensitivity analysis, h-maximal monotone mapping
Xie Ping Ding
Ultrascalable Implicit Finite Element Analyses in Solid Mechanics with over a Half a Billion Degrees of Freedom
We present a highly parallel finite element program, Olympus, equipped with an ultrascalable linear solver, Prometheus, applied to micro-FE bone modeling calculations on an IBM SP Power3. Scalability is demonstrated with scaled speedup studies of a non-linear analyses of a vertebral body with over a half of a billion degrees of freedom. We show parallel scalability with up to 4088 processors on the ACSI White machine. This work is significant in that, in the domain of unstructured implicit finite element analysis in solid mechanics with complex geometry, this is the first demonstration of a highly parallel, and e#cient, application of a mathematically optimal linear solution method---smoothed aggregation algebraic multigrid.
Mark F. Adams; Harun H. Bayraktar; Tony M. Keaveny; Panayiotis Papadopoulos
Methods of economic analysis applied to fusion research: discount rate determination and the fossil fuel price effect
In current and previous efforts, ECON has provided a preliminary economic assessment of a fusion research program. Part of this effort was the demonstration of a methodology for the estimation of reactor system costs and risk and for the treatment of program alternatives as a series of steps (tests) to buy information, thereby controlling program risk and providing a sound economic rationale for properly constructed research programs. The first phase of work also identified two areas which greatly affect the overall economic evaluation of fusion research and which warranted further study in the second phase. This led to the two tasks of the second phase reported herein: (1) discount rate determination and (2) evaluation of the effect of the expectation of the introduction of fusion power on current fossil fuel prices. In the first task, various conceptual measures of the social rate of discount were reviewed and critiqued. In the second task, a benefit area that had been called out by ECON was further examined. Long-range R and D yields short-term benefits in the form of lower nonrenewable energy resource prices because the R and D provides an expectation of future competition for the remaining reserves at the time of technology availability. ECON developed a model of optimal OPEC petroleum pricing as a function of the expectation of future competing technologies. It was shown that the existence of this expectation lowers the optimal OPEC export price and that accelerated technology R and D programs should provide further price decreases. These price reductions translate into benefits to the U.S. of at least a billion dollars.
A Study on the Application of GPC Implicit PID Algorithm in the Heat Exchanging Station Control System
This paper proposes a GPC (generaLized predictive control) impLicit PID control algorithm to the heat exchanging station control system, which has features of long time delay, time varying and non-Linearity. In this study, the PID control plays a main ... Keywords: GPC, ImpLicit Algorithm, PID Control, OnLine Analysis, District Heating
Lin Zhu; Yan Wu; Qi Li
Fast computation of multiphase flow in porous media by implicit discontinuous Galerkin schemes with optimal ordering of elements
We present a family of implicit discontinuous Galerkin schemes for purely advective multiphase flow in porous media in the absence of gravity and capillary forces. To advance the solution one time step, one must solve a discrete system of nonlinear equations. ... Keywords: Implicit upwind scheme, Porous media flow, Topological sorting
Jostein R. Natvig; Knut-Andreas Lie
Particle-in-cell modeling of relativistic laser-plasma interaction with the adjustable-damping, direct implicit method
Implicit particle-in-cell codes offer advantages over their explicit counterparts in that they suffer weaker stability constraints on the need to resolve the higher frequency modes of the system. This feature may prove particularly valuable for modeling ... Keywords: Implicit scheme, Laser-plasma interaction, Particle-in-cell method, Relativistic plasma
M. Drouin; L. Gremillet; J. -C. Adam; A. H�ron
A Cell-Integrated Semi-Lagrangian Semi-Implicit Shallow-Water Model (CSLAM-SW) with Conservative and Consistent Transport
A Cartesian semi-implicit solver using the Conservative Semi-Lagrangian Multitracer (CSLAM) transport scheme is constructed and tested for shallow-water (SW) flows. The SW equations solver (CSLAM-SW) uses a discrete semi-implicit continuity ...
May Wong; William C. Skamarock; Peter H. Lauritzen; Roland B. Stull
Evaluation of Hydration Free Energy by Level-Set Variational Implicit-Solvent Model
Evaluation of Hydration Free Energy by Level-Set Variational Implicit-Solvent Model with Coulomb free energy but also the polar and nonpolar contributions individually. The correlation between VISM-CFA and experiments is R2 = 0.763 for total hydration free energy, with a root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 1
Fourth-order alternating direction implicit compact finite difference schemes for two-dimensional Schr�dinger equations
In this paper, alternating direction implicit compact finite difference schemes are devised for the numerical solution of two-dimensional Schrodinger equations. The convergence rates of the present schemes are of order O(h^4+@t^2). Numerical experiments ... Keywords: ADI compact difference scheme, Conservation law, Error estimate, Schr�dinger equation
Zhen Gao; Shusen Xie
IMPLICIT-EXPLICIT MULTISTEP FINITE ELEMENT METHODS FOR NONLINEAR PARABOLIC PROBLEMS Georgios boundary value problems for nonlinear parabolic equations. In space we discretize by finite element methods for the time discretization of a class of nonlinear parabolic problems of the form: Given T > 0 and u0 H, find
Akrivis, Georgios
The Accuracy and Efficiency of Semi-Implicit Time Stepping for Mesoscale Storm Dynamics
The semi-implicit time-stepping scheme is often applied to the terms responsible for fast waves in large-scale global weather prediction and general circulation models to remove the time step restrictions associated with these waves. Both the ...
S. J. Thomas; G. L. Browning
Simulating the Potential Savings of Implicit Energy Management on a City Scale
According to statistics and future prospects in the next few years world-wide energy consumption will increase significantly. Therefore not only more energy efficient technologies but also more extensive energy saving concepts have to be realized. We ... Keywords: Large Scale Simulation, Implicit Interaction, Energy Management
Doris Zachhuber; Jakob Doppler; Alois Ferscha; Cornel Klein; Jelena Mitic
A Global Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Shallow-Water Model on Locally Refined Grids
A variable-resolution global shallow-water model has been developed. The scheme makes use of a two-time-level semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian discretization, and the variable-resolution grid is composed of a basic global uniform coarser grid, ...
Saulo R. M. Barros; Claudia I. Garcia
A Semi-Lagrangian and Semi-Implicit Two Time-Level Integration Scheme
A semi-Lagrangian and semi-implicit two time-level integration scheme has been constructed for integrating the primitive meteorological equations. It can be thought of as working in the following way. During the first half-time step the Coriolis ...
A. McDonald
The social connection in mental representations of space: explicit and implicit evidence
To understand memory of and reasoning about real-world environments, all aspects of the environment, both spatial and non-spatial need to be considered. Non-spatial information can be either integral to or associated with the spatial information. This ... Keywords: implicit processing, non-spatial categorization, social cognition, spatial categorization
Holly A. Taylor; Qi Wang; Stephanie A. Gagnon; Keith B. Maddox; Tad T. Bruny�
Advantages of Spatial Averaging in Semi-implicit Semi-Lagrangian Schemes
A modified semi-Lagrangian scheme is proposed in the context of semi-implicit forecast models to reduce the important distortion of topographically forced waves that is produced when the Courant�Friedrichs�Lewy (CFL) number is greater than 1. The ...
Monique Tanguay; Evhen Yakimiw; Harold Ritchie; Andr� Robert
Implicit Solvent Simulations of DPC Micelle Formation Themis Lazaridis,* Buddhadeb Mallik, and Yong Chen
Chen Department of Chemistry, City College of New York/CUNY, 138th Street and ConVent AVenue, New York by dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) is modeled by treating the surfactants in atomic detail and the solvent implicitly, in the spirit of the EEF1 solvation model for proteins. The solvation parameters of the DPC atoms are carried
Lazaridis, Themis
A Locally One-Dimensional Semi-Implicit Scheme for Global Gridpoint Shallow-Water Models
A splitting method is presented for eliminating the need to directly solve for a two-dimensional Helmholtz-type difference equation in a semi-implicit scheme for a global gridpoint shallow-water model. In the proposed method, the model equations ...
Sajal K. Kar; Richard P. Turco; Carlos R. Mechoso; Akio Arakawa
An implicit fast Fourier transform method for integration of the time dependent Schrodinger or diffusion equation
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
The authors have found that the conventional exponentiated split operator procedure is subject to difficulties in energy conservation when solving the time-dependent Schrodinger equation for Coulombic systems. By rearranging the kinetic and potential energy terms in the temporal propagator of the finite difference equations, one can find a propagation algorithm for three dimensions that looks much like the Crank-Nicholson and alternating direction implicit methods for one- and two-space-dimensional partial differential equations. They report comparisons of this novel implicit split operator procedure with the conventional exponentiated split operator procedure on hydrogen atom solutions. The results look promising for a purely numerical approach to certain electron quantum mechanical problems.
Ritchie, A.B. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Riley, M.E. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Laser, Optics, and Remote Sensing Dept.
A 2-D Implicit, Energy and Charge Conserving Particle In Cell Method
Recently, a fully implicit electrostatic 1D charge- and energy-conserving particle-in-cell algorithm was proposed and implemented by Chen et al ([2],[3]). Central to the algorithm is an advanced particle pusher. Particles are moved using an energy conserving scheme and are forced to stop at cell faces to conserve charge. Moreover, a time estimator is used to control errors in momentum. Here we implement and extend this advanced particle pusher to include 2D and electromagnetic fields. Derivations of all modifications made are presented in full. Special consideration is taken to ensure easy coupling into the implicit moment based method proposed by Taitano et al [19]. Focus is then given to optimizing the presented particle pusher on emerging architectures. Two multicore implementations, and one GPU (Graphics Processing Unit) implementation are discussed and analyzed.
McPherson, Allen L. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Knoll, Dana A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Cieren, Emmanuel B. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Feltman, Nicolas [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Leibs, Christopher A. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; McCarthy, Colleen [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Murthy, Karthik S. [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Wang, Yijie [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Fluid preconditioning for Newton-Krylov-based, fully implicit, electrostatic particle-in-cell simulations
A recent proof-of-principle study proposes an energy- and charge-conserving, nonlinearly implicit electrostatic particle-in-cell (PIC) algorithm in one dimension [Chen et al, J. Comput. Phys., 230 (2011) 7018]. The algorithm in the reference employs an unpreconditioned Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov method, which ensures nonlinear convergence at every timestep (resolving the dynamical timescale of interest). Kinetic enslavement, which is one key component of the algorithm, not only enables fully implicit PIC a practical approach, but also allows preconditioning the kinetic solver with a fluid approximation. This study proposes such a preconditioner, in which the linearized moment equations are closed with moments computed from particles. Effective acceleration of the linear GMRES solve is demonstrated, on both uniform and non-uniform meshes. The algorithm performance is largely insensitive to the electron-ion mass ratio. Numerical experiments are performed on a 1D multi-scale ion acoustic wave test problem.
Chen, Guangye; Leibs, Christopher A; Knoll, Dana A; Taitano, William
Solution of dynamic contact problems by implicit/explicit methods. Final report
The solution of dynamic contact problems within an explicit finite element program such as the LLNL DYNA programs is addressed in the report. The approach is to represent the solution for the deformation of bodies using the explicit algorithm but to solve the contact part of the problem using an implicit approach. Thus, the contact conditions at the next solution state are considered when computing the acceleration state for each explicit time step.
Salveson, M.W.; Taylor, R.L. [California Univ., Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
POD/DEIM nonlinear model order reduction of an ADI implicit shallow water equations model
In the present paper we consider a 2-D shallow-water equations (SWE) model on a @b-plane solved using an alternating direction fully implicit (ADI) finite-difference scheme on a rectangular domain. The scheme was shown to be unconditionally stable for ... Keywords: Discrete empirical interpolation method (DEIM), Finite difference methods, Proper orthogonal decomposition, Reduced-order models (ROMs), Shallow water equations
R. ?Tefnescu; I. M. Navon
A Mass-Conservative Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Limited-Area Shallow-Water Model on the Sphere
A locally mass conservative shallow-water model using a two-time-level, semi-implicit, semi-Lagrangian integration scheme is presented. The momentum equations are solved with the traditional semi-Lagrangian gridpoint form. The explicit continuity ...
Peter H. Lauritzen; Eigil Kaas; Bennert Machenhauer
Evaluating the transferability of coarse-grained, density-dependent implicit solvent models to mixtures and chains
Previously, we described a coarse-graining method for creating local density-dependent implicit solvent (DDIS) potentials that reproduce the radial distribution function (RDF) and solute excess chemical potential across a ...
Allen, Erik C.
Sensitivity of Internal Gravity Waves Solutions to the Time Step of a Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Nonhydrostatic Model
The combination of semi-implicit and semi-Lagrangian marching algorithms leads to stable integration of the meteorological equations with long time steps even for large advecting velocities and fast-moving free waves. In recent years, however, ...
Philippe H�reil; Ren� Laprise
Simple Tests of a Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Model on 2D Mountain Wave Problems
The fully compressible 3D nonhydrostatic semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian MC2 (mesoscale compressible community) model described by Tanguay et al. has been modified in order to incorporate orography through the Gal-Chen and Somerville transformation ...
Jean-Pierre Pinty; Robert Benoit; Evelyne Richard; Ren� Laprise
The 1990 Clean Air Act and the implicit price of sulfur in coal - article no. 41
Prior to implementation of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA), many estimates of the marginal cost of SO{sub 2} abatement were provided to guide policy makers. Numerous studies estimated the marginal cost of abatement to be between $250 and $760 per ton, though permits initially traded well below $200 and remained below $220 until 2004. We use a fixed effects estimator and a hedonic price model of coal purchases in order to determine the implicit price of sulfur. Data on contract coal purchases are divided into regulatory regimes based on when the contract was signed or re-negotiated. We find that purchases by Phase I plants made under contracts signed or re-negotiated after the passage of the 1990 CAAA show an implicit price of SO{sub 2} of approximately $50 per ton, an amount much closer to the eventual permit price. The implicit market price of sulfur seems to have revealed better information than did the calculations of industry experts.
Lange, I.; Bellas, A.S. [US EPA, Washington, DC (United States)
A multigrid method for a model of the implicit immersed boundary equations
Explicit time stepping schemes for the immersed boundary method require very small time steps in order to maintain stability. Solving the equations that arise from an implicit discretization is difficult. Recently, several different approaches have been proposed, but a complete understanding of this problem is still emerging. A multigrid method is developed and explored for solving the equations in an implicit time discretization of a model of the immersed boundary equations. The model problem consists of a scalar Poisson equation with conformation-dependent singular forces on an immersed boundary. This model does not include the inertial terms or the incompressibility constraint. The method is more efficient than an explicit method, but the efficiency gain is limited. The multigrid method alone may not be an effective solver, but when used as a preconditioner for Krylov methods, the speed-up over the explicit time method is substantial. For example, depending on the constitutive law for the boundary force, with a time step 100 times larger than the explicit method, the implicit method is about 15-100 times more efficient than the explicit method. A very attractive feature of this method is that the efficiency of the multigrid preconditioned Krylov solver is shown to be independent of the number of immersed boundary points.
Guy, Robert [University of California, Davis; Philip, Bobby [ORNL
Discounting Transit Passes
Transportation District (RTD) ECO Pass Programs Every deep-pass program offered by the RTD yielded more revenue per
Nuworsoo, Cornelius
Rental Company Corporate Discount #
with your emergency contact. Airline Fuel Surcharges: Our air inclusive vacations are priced in- cluding airline fuel surcharges. These fuel surcharges are assessed by the airlines and are subject to increase will display your vacation land package, base airfare, fuel surcharge and all taxes and fees as separate line
Harms, Kyle E.
in the in-tour airfare (included as part of the program cost), airport taxes, security or fuel surcharges, VA 24450 or fax to (540) 458-8478. Potential Fuel Surcharge: A ship fuel surcharge has already been governmental regulations may make it necessary to assess an additional fuel surcharge. We appreciate your
Stephens, Jacqueline
An Implicit Algorithm for the Numerical Simulation of Shape-Memory Alloys
Shape-memory alloys (SMA) have the potential to be used in a variety of interesting applications due to their unique properties of pseudoelasticity and the shape-memory effect. However, in order to design SMA devices efficiently, a physics-based constitutive model is required to accurately simulate the behavior of shape-memory alloys. The scope of this work is to extend the numerical capabilities of the SMA constitutive model developed by Jannetti et. al. (2003), to handle large-scale polycrystalline simulations. The constitutive model is implemented within the finite-element software ABAQUS/Standard using a user defined material subroutine, or UMAT. To improve the efficiency of the numerical simulations, so that polycrystalline specimens of shape-memory alloys can be modeled, a fully implicit algorithm has been implemented to integrate the constitutive equations. Using an implicit integration scheme increases the efficiency of the UMAT over the previously implemented explicit integration method by a factor of more than 100 for single crystal simulations.
Becker, R; Stolken, J; Jannetti, C; Bassani, J
An implicit steady-state initialization package for the RELAP5 computer code
A direct steady-state initialization (DSSI) method has been developed and implemented in the RELAP5 hydrodynamic analysis program. It provides a means for users to specify a small set of initial conditions which are then propagated through the remainder of the system. The DSSI scheme utilizes the steady-state form of the RELAP5 balance equations for nonequilibrium two-phase flow. It also employs the RELAP5 component models and constitutive model packages for wall-to-phase and interphase momentum and heat exchange. A fully implicit solution of the linearized hydrodynamic equations is implemented. An implicit coupling scheme is used to augment the standard steady-state heat conduction solution for steam generator use. It solves the primary-side tube region energy equations, heat conduction equations, wall heat flux boundary conditions, and overall energy balance equation as a coupled system of equations and improves convergence. The DSSI method for initializing RELAP5 problems to steady-state conditions has been compared with the transient solution scheme using a suite of test problems including; adiabatic single-phase liquid and vapor flow through channels with and without healing and area changes; a heated two-phase test bundle representative of BWR core conditions; and a single-loop PWR model.
Paulsen, M.P.; Peterson, C.E.; Odar, F.
A fully second order implicit/explicit time integration technique for hydrodynamics plus nonlinear heat conduction problems
We present a fully second order implicit/explicit time integration technique for solving hydrodynamics coupled with nonlinear heat conduction problems. The idea is to hybridize an implicit and an explicit discretization in such a way to achieve second order time convergent calculations. In this scope, the hydrodynamics equations are discretized explicitly making use of the capability of well-understood explicit schemes. On the other hand, the nonlinear heat conduction is solved implicitly. Such methods are often referred to as IMEX methods. The Jacobian-Free Newton Krylov (JFNK) method (e.g. ) is applied to the problem in such a way as to render a nonlinearly iterated IMEX method. We solve three test problems in order to validate the numerical order of the scheme. For each test, we established second order time convergence. We support these numerical results with a modified equation analysis (MEA). The set of equations studied here constitute a base model for radiation hydrodynamics.
Kadioglu, Samet Y. [Multiphysics Methods Group, Reactor Physics Analysis and Design, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 (United States)], E-mail: email@example.com; Knoll, Dana A. [Multiphysics Methods Group, Reactor Physics Analysis and Design, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, MS 3840, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 (United States)], E-mail: email@example.com
Suppressing nonphysical overheating with a modified implicit Monte Carlo method for time-dependent radiative transfer
In this note we develop a robust implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) algorithm based on more accurately updating the linearized equilibrium radiation energy density. The method does not introduce oscillations in the solution and has the same limit as {Delta}t{yields}{infinity} as the standard Fleck and Cummings IMC method. Moreover, the approach we introduce can be trivially added to current implementations of IMC by changing the definition of the Fleck factor. Using this new method we develop an adaptive scheme that uses either standard IMC or the modified method basing the adaptation on a zero-dimensional problem solved in each cell. Numerical results demonstrate that the new method alleviates both the nonphysical overheating that occurs in standard IMC when the time step is large and significantly diminishes the statistical noise in the solution.
Mcclarren, Ryan G [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Urbatsch, Todd J [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Domain Decomposition via Explicit/Implicit Time Marching 1 Polynomial Collocation Using a Domain Decomposition Solution to Parabolic
Decomposition Solution to Parabolic PDE's via the Penalty Method and Explicit/Implicit Time Marching Kelly Black 1 Abstract A domain decomposition method is examined to solve a time dependent parabolic equation05. (1) Introduction We examine a domain decomposition method for solving a parabolic equation using
Explicit/implicit multi-time step co-computations for blast analyses on a reinforced concrete frame structure
The paper explores the coupling between finite element codes based on implicit and explicit time integration schemes. An external coupling software has been developed based on the multi-time subdomain coupling algorithm, labelled as the GC method in ... Keywords: Blast loading, External code coupling, Reinforced concrete structure, Subdomain decomposition
M. Brun; A. Batti; A. Limam; A. Gravouil
An adaptive implicit-explicit scheme for the DNS and LES of compressible flows on unstructured grids
An adaptive implicit-explicit scheme for Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) of compressible turbulent flows on unstructured grids is developed. The method uses a node-based finite-volume discretization with Summation-by-Parts ... Keywords: Compressible flows, DNS, IMEX, LES, SAT, SBP, Time-advancement scheme, Unstructured grids
Mohammad Shoeybi; Magnus Sv�rd; Frank E. Ham; Parviz Moin
Using an implicit min/max KD-tree for doing efficient terrain line of sight calculations
The generation of accurate Line of Sight (LOS) visibility information consumes significant resources in large scale synthetic environments such as many-on-many serious games and battlefield simulators. Due to the importance of optimum utilisation of ... Keywords: implicit kd-tree, line of sight, spherical earth
Bernardt Duvenhage
Learning n-best correction models from implicit user feedback in a multi-modal local search application
We describe a novel n-best correction model that can leverage implicit user feedback (in the form of clicks) to improve performance in a multi-modal speech-search application. The proposed model works in two stages. First, the n-best list generated by ...
Dan Bohus; Xiao Li; Patrick Nguyen; Geoffrey Zweig
On the Long-Time H2-Stability of the Implicit Euler Scheme for the 2D Magnetohydrodynamics Equations
Pursuing our work in Tone (Asymptot. Analysis 51:231---245, 2007) and Tone and Wirosoetisno (SIAM J. Number. Analysis 44:29---40, 2006), we consider in this article the two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics equations, we discretize these equations in ... Keywords: Discrete Gronwall lemmas, Implicit Euler scheme, Magnetohydrodynamics equations
Florentina Tone
An implicit integration procedure for an elasto-viscoplastic model and its application to thermomechanical fatigue design of automotive parts
Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) design has nowadays become essential for many industrial parts and cyclic elasto-viscoplastic constitutive models and their numerical integration are the crucial point of the problem. The paper first presents an implicit ... Keywords: Constitutive model, FEM analysis, Numerical integration, Return mapping, Thermomechanical fatigue, Viscoplasticity
F. Szmytka; M. H. Maitournam; L. R�My
The Role of Electricity in Pacific Northwest Irrigated Agriculture, 1979-1987 : A Study of Irrigation Price Elasticity of Demand, the Importance of Irrigated Agriculture to Rural Communities, and an Evaluation of Alternative Targeted Rate Discount Options for Irrigation Consumers, Volume 1.
Increased regional pressure for and against the wholesale rate discount has prompted BPA to evaluate the quantitative, qualitative, economic, and policy issues associated with an irrigation rate discount. BPA determined that more information was required in the following areas: Irrigation price elasticities at the subregional level (utility, group of utilities and/or production areas), importance of irrigated agriculture to local and regional economies, issues related to targeting an irrigation rate discount, and the role of BPA wholesale rates and rate discounts on Pacific Northwest sprinkler irrigation and the supporting economies. In response to this request for additional information, the analysis in the present study is conducted in four parts: Document the importance of irrigated agriculture, particularly sprinkler irrigated agriculture, to the Pacific Northwest economy and quantify the impact of the rate discount on regional agriculture and local communities; Estimate irrigation price elasticities for BPA customers at a subregional level, so that load impacts associated with the rate discount can be evaluated at a more localized level; Identify the economic, policy, and practical application issues associated with targeting a rate discount to groups of utilities or irrigators; and Review the short-term economic and policy outlook for irrigated agriculture in the Pacific Northwest and draw implications regarding the impact on producer response to electricity rates. 40 refs., 1 fig., 24 tabs.
Northwest Economic Associates.
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
0 0 Summary Our short-term outlook for a wide array of energy prices has been adjusted upward as international and domestic energy supply conditions have tightened. We think that crude oil prices are as likely as not to end the year $2 to $3 per barrel higher than our previous projections. Thus, we think that the probability of West Texas Intermediate costing an average of $30 per barrel or more at midwinter is about 50 percent. On their current track, heating oil prices are likely to be about 30 percent above year-ago levels in the fourth quarter. Prices for Q1 2001 seem more likely now to match or exceed the high level seen in Q1 2000. Tight oil markets this year and an inherent propensity for high gas utilization in incremental power supply have resulted in rising North American natural gas
0 0 Highlights International Oil Markets Prices. We have raised our world oil price projection by about $2 per barrel for this month because of assumed greater compliance by OPEC to targeted cuts, especially for the second quarter of 2000 (Figure 1). The expected decline in world petroleum inventories continues (Figure 2), and, given the generally stiff resolve of OPEC members to maintain production cuts, any sign of a turnaround in stocks may be postponed until later this year than previously assumed (Q3 instead of Q2). Our current estimate for the average import cost this past January is now $25 per barrel, a nearly $15-per-barrel increase from January 1999. Crude oil prices are expected to remain at relatively high levels for the first half of 2000, but
Towards a frequency-dependent discrete maximum principle for the implicit Monte Carlo equations
It has long been known that temperature solutions of the Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) equations can exceed the external boundary temperatures, a so-called violation of the 'maximum principle.' Previous attempts at prescribing a maximum value of the time-step size {Delta}{sub t} that is sufficient to eliminate these violations have recommended a {Delta}{sub t} that is typically too small to be used in practice and that appeared to be much too conservative when compared to numerical solutions of the IMC equations for practical problems. In this paper, we derive a new estimator for the maximum time-step size that includes the spatial-grid size {Delta}{sub x}. This explicitly demonstrates that the effect of coarsening {Delta}{sub x} is to reduce the limitation on {Delta}{sub t}, which helps explain the overly conservative nature of the earlier, grid-independent results. We demonstrate that our new time-step restriction is a much more accurate means of predicting violations of the maximum principle. We discuss how the implications of the new, grid-dependent timestep restriction can impact IMC solution algorithms.
Wollaber, Allan B [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Larsen, Edward W [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Densmore, Jeffery D [Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Canadian MC2: A Semi-Lagrangian, Semi-Implicit Wideband Atmospheric Model Suited for Finescale Process Studies and Simulation
This paper attempts to document the developmental research and early mesoscale results of the new fully nonhydrostatic atmospheric model called MC2 (mesoscale compressible community). Its numerical scheme is the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian ...
Robert Benoit; Michel Desgagn�; Pierre Pellerin; Simon Pellerin; Yves Chartier; Serge Desjardins
On the Use of a Wider Class of Linear Systems for the Design of Constant-Coefficients Semi-Implicit Time Schemes in NWP
The linearization of the meteorological equations around a specified reference state, usually applied in NWP to define the linear system of constant-coefficients semi-implicit schemes, is outlined as an unnecessarily restrictive approach that may ...
P. B�nard
An efficient mixed-precision, hybrid CPU-GPU implementation of a nonlinearly implicit one-dimensional particle-in-cell algorithm
Recently, an implicit, nonlinearly consistent, energy- and charge-conserving one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell method has been proposed for multi-scale, full-f kinetic simulations [G. Chen et al., J. Comput. Phys. 230 (18) (2011)]. The method employs ... Keywords: Energy and charge conserving, GPU computing, Heterogeneous architecture, Implicit particle in cell, Ion-acoustic wave, Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov solver, Multi-scale, Particle enslavement
G. Chen; L. Chac�N; D. C. Barnes
Finite-element analyses of blade and slot coating flows using an implicit pseudo-solid domain mapping technique coupled with unstructured grids
In coating processes (e.g. in blade coating) the flow domain inherently contains free surfaces and three-phase contact lines, and characteristic length scales of flow features in the dimension transverse to the web-movement vary by an order of magnitude or more from a fraction of a millimeter or more to tens of microns or less). The presence of free surfaces and three-phase contact lines, and the sudden changes of flow geometry and directions create difficulties in theoretical analyses of such flows. Though simulations of coating flows via finite-element methods using structured grids have been reportedly demonstrated in the literature, achieving high efficiency of such numerical experiments remains a grand challenge -- mainly due to difficulties in local mesh-refinement and in avoiding unacceptably distorted grids. High efficiency of computing steady flow fields under various process conditions is crucial in shortening turn-around time in design and optimization of coating-flow processes. In this paper we employ a fully-implicit, pseudo-solid, domain mapping technique coupled with unstructured meshes to analyze blade and slot coating flows using Galerkin`s method with finite element basis functions. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our unique technique in circumventing shortcomings of mesh-motion schemes currently being used in the coating-flow research community. Our goal is to develop an efficient numerical tool, together with a suitable optimization toolkit, that can be used routinely in design and optimization of coating-flow processes.
Chen, K.S.; Schunk, P.R.; Sackinger, P.A.
An implicit immersed boundary method for three-dimensional fluidmembrane interactions
, Kent Ridge Crescent, Singapore 119260, Singapore e Institute of High Performance Computing, 1. Address: Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632
Peraire, Jaime
High dimensional model representation based formulations for fuzzy finite element analysis of structures
This paper presents a practical approach based on high dimensional model representation (HDMR) for analyzing the response of structures with fuzzy parameters. The proposed methodology involves integrated finite element modeling, HDMR based response surface ... Keywords: Explicit formulation, Finite element, Fuzzy analysis, High dimensional model representation, Implicit formulation, Response surface
A. S. Balu; B. N. Rao
Study of full implicit petroleum engineering finite volume scheme for compressible two phase flow in porous media
An industrial scheme, to simulate the two compressible phase flow in porous media, consists in a finite volume method together with a phase-by-phase upstream scheme. The implicit finite volume scheme satisfies industrial constraints of robustness. We show that the proposed scheme satisfy the maximum principle for the saturation, a discrete energy estimate on the pressures and a function of the saturation that denote capillary terms. These stabilities results allow us to derive the convergence of a subsequence to a weak solution of the continuous equations as the size of the discretization tends to zero. The proof is given for the complete system when the density of the each phase depends on the own pressure.
Saad, Bilal
Elimination of the Helmholtz Equation Associated with the Semi-Implicit Scheme in a Grid Point Model of the Shallow Water Equations
A modification is introduced in a semi-implicit version of a grid point model of the shallow water equations. The new model is simpler, runs one-third, and after 5 days of integration, the forecasts differ by less than 1 m.
Monique Tanguay; Andr� Robert
Adaptive fully implicit multi-scale finite-volume method for multi-phase flow and transport in heterogeneous porous media
We describe a sequential fully implicit (SFI) multi-scale finite volume (MSFV) algorithm for nonlinear multi-phase flow and transport in heterogeneous porous media. The method extends the recently developed multiscale approach, which is based on an IMPES ... Keywords: coupled flow and transport, finite-volume, heterogeneous porous media, immiscible multi-phase flow, multiscale methods, numerical simulation
P. Jenny; S. H. Lee; H. A. Tchelepi
Well-Posed Lateral Boundary Conditions for Spectral Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Schemes: Tests in a One-Dimensional Model
The aim of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of well-posed lateral boundary conditions in a Fourier spectral semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian one-dimensional model. Two aspects are analyzed: (i) the complication of designing well-posed ...
F. Voitus; P. Termonia; P. B�nard
User`s guide for UTCHEM implicit (1.0) a three dimensional chemical flood simulator. Final report, September 30, 1992--December 31, 1995
UTCHEM IMPLICIT is a three-dimensional chemical flooding simulator. The solution scheme is fully implicit. The pressure equation and the mass conservation equations are solved simultaneously for the aqueous phase pressure and the total concentrations of each component. A third-order-in-space, second-order-in-time finite-difference method and a new total-variation-diminishing (TVD) third-order flux limiter are used to reduce numerical dispersion effects. Saturations and phase concentrations are solved in a flash routine. The major physical phenomena modeled in the simulator are: dispersion, adsorption, aqueous-oleic-microemulsion phase behavior, interfacial tension, relative permeability, capillary trapping, compositional phase viscosity, capillary pressure, phase density, polymer properties: shear thinning viscosity, inaccessible pore volume, permeability reduction, and adsorption. The following options are available in the simulator: constant or variable time-step sizes, uniform or nonuniform grid, pressure or rate constrained wells, horizontal and vertical wells.
Four-dimensional variational data assimilation experiments with a multilevel semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit general circulation model
Four-dimensional variational data assimilation (VDA) experiments have been carried out using the adiabatic version of the NASA/Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit (SLSI) multilevel general circulation model. The limited-memory quasi-Newton minimization technique was used to find the minimum of the cost function. With model-generated observations, different first-guess initial conditions were used to carry out the experiments. The experiments included randomly perturbed initial conditions, as well as different weight matrices in the cost function. The results show that 4D VDA works well with with various initial conditions as control variables. Scaling the gradient of the cost function proves to be an effective method of improving the convergence rate of the VDA minimization process. The impacts of the length of the assimilation interval and the time density of the observations on the convergence rate of the minimization have also been investigated. An improved assimilation was obtained when observations were available in selected segments of the assimilation window. Moreover, our 4D VDA experiments with the SLSI model confirm results obtained concerning the impact of the length of the assimilation window. The choice of an adequate time distribution of observations along with an appropriate length of assimilation interval is an important issue that will be further investigated. 44 refs., 17 figs., 1 tab.
Li, Yong; Bates, J.R.; Moorthi, S.; Higgens, R.W. (NASA/Goddard Lab. for Atmospheres, Greenbelt, MD (United States)); Navon, I.M.; Yang, Weiyu; Zou, Xiaolei (Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL (United States))
A Two Time-Level, Three-Dimensional, Semi-Lagrangian, Semi-implicit, Limited-Area Gridpoint Model of the Primitive Equations. Part II: Extension to Hybrid Vertical Coordinates
A two time-level, three-dimensional, semi-Lagrangian semi-implicit primitive equation gridpoint model that incorporates a sophisticated physics package and uses hybrid coordinates in the vertical is derived. A simple filter, which is needed to ...
A. McDonald; Jan Erik Haugen
Functioning, Item Response TheoryImplicit Theories and Beta Change in Longitudinal Evaluations of Training Effectiveness: An Investigation Using Item Response Theory
Golembiewski, Billingsly, and Yeager (1976) conceptualized three distinct types of change that might result from development interventions, called alpha, beta, and gamma change. Recent research has found that beta and gamma change do occur as hypothesized, but the phenomena are somewhat infrequent and the precise conditions under which they occur have not been established. This study used confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory to identify gamma and beta change on a multidimensional, multisource managerial performance appraisal instrument and to examine relations among the change types, training program content, and raters' implicit theories of performance. Results suggested that coverage in training was a necessary but not sufficient condition for beta and gamma change to occur. Further, although gamma change was detected only in the trainee group, beta change was detected in self-ratings from trainees and in ratings collected from their superiors. Because trainees ' superiors were involved in post-training follow-up, this finding was interpreted as a possible diffusion of treatments effect (Campbell & Stanley, 1963). Contrary to expectations, there were no interpretable relations between raters' implicit theories of performance and either of the change types. Perhaps relatedly, more implicit theory change was detected among individuals providing observer ratings than in the trainees
S. Bartholomew Craig; Robert J. Harvey (chair; Kevin D. Carlson; John Donovan; Roseanne J. Foti; Neil M. A. Hauenstein; S. Bartholomew Craig
Advances in radiation modeling in ALEGRA :a final report for LDRD-67120, efficient implicit mulitgroup radiation calculations.
The original LDRD proposal was to use a nonlinear diffusion solver to compute estimates for the material temperature that could then be used in a Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) calculation. At the end of the first year of the project, it was determined that this was not going to be effective, partially due to the concept, and partially due to the fact that the radiation diffusion package was not as efficient as it could be. The second, and final year, of the project focused on improving the robustness and computational efficiency of the radiation diffusion package in ALEGRA. To this end, several new multigroup diffusion methods have been developed and implemented in ALEGRA. While these methods have been implemented, their effectiveness of reducing overall simulation run time has not been fully tested. Additionally a comprehensive suite of verification problems has been developed for the diffusion package to ensure that it has been implemented correctly. This process took considerable time, but exposed significant bugs in both the previous and new diffusion packages, the linear solve packages, and even the NEVADA Framework's parser. In order to manage this large suite of problem, a new tool called Tampa has been developed. It is a general tool for automating the process of running and analyzing many simulations. Ryan McClarren, at the University of Michigan has been developing a Spherical Harmonics capability for unstructured meshes. While still in the early phases of development, this promises to bridge the gap in accuracy between a full transport solution using IMC and the diffusion approximation.
Mehlhorn, Thomas Alan; Kurecka, Christopher J. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI); McClarren, Ryan (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI); Brunner, Thomas A.; Holloway, James Paul (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI)
13The MIT Press discount offer!
and atomic weapons, including the bomb dropped on Hiroshima. In 2002, George W. Bush claimed that Saddam
Jackson, Daniel
Similar Psychological Distance Reduces Temporal Discounting
participants (33 men; M age = 25.47, SD = 6.80) were recruited from the Cambridge central library and the University College London Union area. Participants were approached individually and given a brief paper-and- pencil survey with no monetary compensation... regarding potential confounds, such as interest in going to Paris and enjoyment thinking about it, and participants� current mood. Method Participants. One hundred and two U.S. citizens (35 men, M age = 36.25, SD = 13.70) participated in an online study...
Kim, Hyunji; Schnall, Simone; White, Mathew P.
1998 TMS Annual Meeting: Airline Discount Information
This special offer allows for 5% off any applicable fare (all tariff rules apply as published), including first class or 10% off the full fare (Y26) provided reservations�...
Numerical models for high beta magnetohydrodynamic flow
The fundamentals of numerical magnetohydrodynamics for highly conducting, high-beta plasmas are outlined. The discussions emphasize the physical properties of the flow, and how elementary concepts in numerical analysis can be applied to the construction of finite difference approximations that capture these features. The linear and nonlinear stability of explicit and implicit differencing in time is examined, the origin and effect of numerical diffusion in the calculation of convective transport is described, and a technique for maintaining solenoidality in the magnetic field is developed. Many of the points are illustrated by numerical examples. The techniques described are applicable to the time-dependent, high-beta flows normally encountered in magnetically confined plasmas, plasma switches, and space and astrophysical plasmas. 40 refs.
Brackbill, J.U.
Institute for Research on Poverty Discussion Paper no. 1040-94 Taxes and the Poor: A Microsimulation Study of Implicit and Explicit Taxes
Planning and Evaluation, and helpful comments from Tom Bowne and Elizabeth Evanson. The opinions and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily reflect the views of any of the The authors measure the cumulative burden on low-income households resulting from explicit taxes (state and federal income, and payroll taxes) and implicit taxes (reductions of program benefits as earnings rise). With monthly data from the 1990 Survey of Income and Program Participation, a simulation model calculates the benefits and taxes households receive and pay in 1990. A household�s marginal tax rate is established by simulating the benefits and taxes the household would receive and pay if each member aged 15 or more received additional earnings of $10 per month. The changes in income that would result if all household members age 15 or older took a half-time, minimum-wage job are also calculated. Typical cumulative marginal tax rates on poor households are found to be about 27 percent, but this masks considerable variation across states as a result of differences in program eligibility rules, state income taxes, and state AFDC policies. The tax burdens resulting from taking a half-time minimum-wage job also vary greatly across states, and participants in AFDC and food stamps face
Stacy Dickert; Scott Houser; John Karl Scholz
Implicitly threaded parallelism in manticore
The increasing availability of commodity multicore processors is making parallel computing ever more widespread. In order to exploit its potential, programmers need languages that make the benefits of parallelism accessible and understandable. Previous ...
Matthew Fluet; Mike Rainey; John Reppy; Adam Shaw
Implicit Mercantilism, Oligopoly, and Trade
the same time home AC is greater than world price. �Averagehigh max of p W = AC min and allow world price to decline.domain, if world price shifts up or domestic AC shifts up,
MCGUIRE, MARTIN C.; Ohta, Hiroshi
Contribution to the numerical study of turbulence in high intensity discharge lamps
We present in this paper a comparison between results obtained with a laminar and turbulent models for high-pressure mercury arc. The two models are based on the resolution of bidimensional time-dependent equations by a semi-implicit finite-element code. The numerical computation of turbulent model is solved with large eddy simulation model; this approach takes into account the various scales of turbulence by a filtering method on each scale. The results show the quantitative influence of turbulence on the flow fields and also the difference between laminar and turbulent effects on the dynamic thermal behaviour and on the characteristics of the discharge.
Kaziz, S.; Ben Ahmed, R.; Helali, H.; Gazzah, H.; Charrada, K. [Unite d'Etude des Milieux Ionises et Reactifs, IPEIM, 5019 route de Kairouan Monastir (Tunisia)
High School
High School Please click on the title for more information about each program. Nano*High Nano High Saturday presentations for Bay Area high school students Science Bowl Science...
High PRF high current switch
A triggerable, high voltage, high current, spark gap switch for use in pu power systems. The device comprises a pair of electrodes in a high pressure hydrogen environment that is triggered by introducing an arc between one electrode and a trigger pin. Unusually high repetition rates may be obtained by undervolting the switch, i.e., operating the trigger at voltages much below the self-breakdown voltage of the device.
Moran, Stuart L. (Fredericksburg, VA); Hutcherson, R. Kenneth (College Park, MD)
Duke Energy (Electric)- Energy Star Homes Rate Discount Program
Duke Energy encourages residential customers to buy energy-efficient homes through the utility's [http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_homes.hm_index Energy Star Homes Program], which awards a...
Progress Energy Carolinas- Rate Discount for Energy Star Homes
Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC) offers an incentive to residential customers for improving the energy efficiency of homes. To qualify, the home must meet the standards of the U.S. Environmental...
Progress Energy Carolinas (PEC) offers an incentive to residential customers for purchasing or building new energy efficient homes. To qualify the home must meet the standards of the US...
ComEd - Business Instant Lighting Discounts Program (Illinois...
Industrial, Multi-Family Residential, Private Schools Eligible Technologies Lighting, LED Lighting, Reduced Wattage Metal Halide Lamps, LED Trim Kits, Screw-In CFL's Active...
lamps include screw-in CFLs, reduced wattage T8 and T5 linear fluorescents, screw-in LED lamps and LED trim kits and reduced wattage ceramic metal halide lamps. All incentives...
Deep Discount Group Pass Programs: Innovative Transit Finance
Transportation District (RTD) ECO Pass Program; the City ofTransportation District (RTD) are among the longest runningFor more than two decades, RTD has offered the largest
IR. 1. It is a weak sustainability preference if and only if> s ? > 0 and a strong sustainability preference if and only2. It is a strict weak sustainability preference if and only
SUPPORTING ONLINE MATERIAL FOR High-resolution modeling of the western North American power system demonstrates low-
&M) costs incurred yearly by all active power plants 3. variable costs incurred). The capital cost of each project is locked in at the first year of construction. Construction costs for power plants are tallied yearly, discounted
Kammen, Daniel M.
On the economic analysis of problems in energy efficiency: Market barriers, market failures, and policy implications
In his recent paper in The Energy Journal, Ronald Sutherland argues that several so-called ``market barriers`` to energy efficiency frequently cited in the literature are not market failures in the conventional sense and are thus irrelevant for energy policy. We argue that Sutherland has inadequately analyzed the idea of market barrier and misrepresented the policy implications of microeconomics. We find that economic theory, correctly interpreted, does not provide for the categorical dismissal of market barriers. We explore important methodological issues underlying the debate over market barriers, and discuss the importance of reconciling the findings of non-economic social sciences with the economic analysis of energy demand and consumer decision-making. We also scrutinize Sutherland`s attempt to apply finance theory to rationalize high implicit discount rates observed in energy-related choices, and find this use of finance theory to be inappropriate.
Sanstad, A.H.; Koomey, J.G.; Levine, M.D.
In his recent paper in The Energy Journal, Ronald Sutherland argues that several so-called market barriers'' to energy efficiency frequently cited in the literature are not market failures in the conventional sense and are thus irrelevant for energy policy. We argue that Sutherland has inadequately analyzed the idea of market barrier and misrepresented the policy implications of microeconomics. We find that economic theory, correctly interpreted, does not provide for the categorical dismissal of market barriers. We explore important methodological issues underlying the debate over market barriers, and discuss the importance of reconciling the findings of non-economic social sciences with the economic analysis of energy demand and consumer decision-making. We also scrutinize Sutherland's attempt to apply finance theory to rationalize high implicit discount rates observed in energy-related choices, and find this use of finance theory to be inappropriate.
A comparison of high-order time integrators for thermal convection in rotating spherical shells
A numerical study of several time integration methods for solving the three-dimensional Boussinesq thermal convection equations in rotating spherical shells is presented. Implicit and semi-implicit time integration techniques based on backward differentiation ... Keywords: Backward differentiation-extrapolation formulae, Krylov methods, Spectral methods, Spherical shells, Thermal convection, Time integration methods
F. Garcia; M. Net; B. Garc�a-Archilla; J. S�nchez
distributed process, determined by its sub-processes - in our case the loads and distributed generation. Network-based coordination needs to be done very carefully and...
As hardware advances continue to modify the supercomputing landscape, traditional scientific software development practices will become more outdated, ineffective, and inefficient. The process of rewriting/retooling existing software for new architectures is a Sisyphean task, and results in substantial hours of development time, effort, and money. Software libraries which provide an abstraction of the resources provided by such architectures are therefore essential if the computational engineering and science communities are to continue to flourish in this modern computing environment. The Multiphysics Object Oriented Simulation Environment (MOOSE) framework enables complex multiphysics analysis tools to be built rapidly by scientists, engineers, and domain specialists, while also allowing them to both take advantage of current HPC architectures, and efficiently prepare for future supercomputer designs. MOOSE employs a hybrid shared-memory and distributed-memory parallel model and provides a complete and consistent interface for creating multiphysics analysis tools. In this paper, a brief discussion of the mathematical algorithms underlying the framework and the internal object-oriented hybrid parallel design are given. Representative massively parallel results from several applications areas are presented, and a brief discussion of future areas of research for the framework are provided.
Cody J. Permann; David Andrs; John W. Peterson; Derek R. Gaston
Implicitly-threaded parallelism in Manticore
The increasing availability of commodity multicore processors is making parallel computing available to the masses. Traditional parallel languages are largely intended for large-scale scientific computing and tend not to be well-suited to programming ... Keywords: data parallelism, exceptions, implictly-threaded parallelism, parallel binding, parallel case
Development of a High Fidelity System Analysis Code for Generation IV Reactors
Traditional nuclear reactor system analysis codes such as RELAP and TRAC employ an operator split methodology. In this approach, each of the physics (fluid flow, heat conduction and neutron diffusion) is solved separately and the coupling terms are done explicitly. This approach limits accuracy (first order in time at best) and makes the codes slow in running since the explicit coupling imposes stability restrictions on the time step size. These codes have been extensively tested and validated for the existing LWRs. However, for GEN IV nuclear reactor designs which tend to have long lasting transients resulting from passive safety systems, the performance is questionable and modern high fidelity simulation tools will be required. The requirement for accurate predictability is the motivation for a large scale overhaul of all of the models and assumptions in transient nuclear reactor safety simulation software. At INL we have launched an effort with the long term goal of developing a high fidelity system analysis code that employs modern physical models, numerical methods, and computer science for transient safety analysis of GEN IV nuclear reactors. Modern parallel solution algorithms will be employed through utilizing the nonlinear solution software package PETSc developed by Argonne National Laboratory. The physical models to be developed will have physically realistic length scales and time scales. The solution algorithm will be based on the physics-based preconditioned Jacobian-free Newton-Krylov solution methods. In this approach all of the physical models are solved implicitly and simultaneously in a single nonlinear system. This includes the coolant flow, nonlinear heat conduction, neutron kinetics, and thermal radiation, etc. Including modern physical models and accurate space and time discretizations will allow the simulation capability to be second order accurate in space and in time. This paper presents the current status of the development efforts as well as some results from analyzing a simplified primary system model of GNEP�s advanced burner test reactor (ABTR) designed by Argonne. Various transient analyses are performed with this simplified ABTR model to study two fundamental issues related to system analysis codes � accuracy of numeric algorithm and efficiency. The accuracy study is carried by comparing the second order method with the first order method. The results show that numerical errors in the first order method are large and it is very difficult to distinguish numerical errors from physical modeling errors. On the other hand, second order method yields small numerical errors and it is very easy to spot physical modeling errors. The efficiency study is carried out by comparing the time steps for the fully implicit solution algorithm versus CFL stability limit methods. The dynamic time steps used in a fully implicit method will adjust the time step to resolve the time scale during the various stages of a long lasting transient. This will make a computer code based on fully implicit methods run more efficiently versus a CFL stability limit method code like RELAP, in which a particle of fluid cannot cross a control volume in a single time step.
Hongbin Zhang; Vincent Mousseau; Haihua Zhao
Fermilab Today
Mentors wanted for Diversity Office's FermiLINK program Excel Shortcuts class - Oct. 13 Thai Village restaurant discount Fermilab hosts workshop on Applications of High-Intensity...
High Performance Computing
High Performance Computing. Summary: High Performance Computing (HPC) enables work on challenging problems that ...
Information Science, Computing, Applied Math High Performance Computing High Performance Computing Providing world-class high performance computing capability that enables...
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand
High Temperatures & Electricity Demand An Assessment of Supply Adequacy in California Trends.......................................................................................................1 HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND.....................................................................................................................7 SECTION I: HIGH TEMPERATURES AND ELECTRICITY DEMAND ..........................9 BACKGROUND
Data:E866bc51-7ce1-4e1c-8ea1-df77dcdb4ab0 | Open Energy Information
6bc51-7ce1-4e1c-8ea1-df77dcdb4ab0 6bc51-7ce1-4e1c-8ea1-df77dcdb4ab0 No revision has been approved for this page. It is currently under review by our subject matter experts. Jump to: navigation, search Loading... 1. Basic Information 2. Demand 3. Energy << Previous 1 2 3 Next >> Basic Information Utility name: Piedmont Electric Member Corp Effective date: 2011/01/01 End date if known: Rate name: OUTDOOR LIGHTING SERVICE 100 Watt High Pressure Sodium Lamp Sector: Lighting Description: kWh Sales, kWh Discount, and Dollar Discount Night hrs-Sunset to 10PM: kWh Sales 12, kWh Discount 28, Dollar Discount $0.74 Night hrs-Sunset to 11 PM: kWh sales 16, kWh discount 24, dollar discount $0.60 Night Hrs -Sunset to 12 pm: kWh sales 19, kWh discount 21, dollar discount $0.50 Night hrs-sunset to 1 am: kWh sales 23, kWh discount 17, dollar discount $0.37
High Speed High Dynamic Range High Accuracy Measurement System
Disclosure Number 201102747 Technology Summary The present invention measures a beam of protons that has a high dynamic range. Typically, one uses ...
Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of High-Aspect Ratio Nuclear Fuel Plates Using COMSOL
The High Flux Isotope Reactor at the Oak Ridge National Lab is in the research stage of converting its fuel from high-enriched uranium to low-enriched uranium. Due to different physical properties of the new fuel and changes to the internal fuel plate design, the current safety basis must be re-evaluated through rigorous computational analyses. One of the areas being explored is the fluid-structure interaction phenomenon due to the interaction of thin fuel plates (50 mils thickness) and the cooling fluid (water). Detailed computational fluid dynamics and fluid-structure interaction simulations have only recently become feasible due to improved numerical algorithms and advancements in computing technology. For many reasons including the already built-in fluid-structure interaction module, COMSOL has been chosen for this complex problem. COMSOL's ability to solve multiphysics problems using a fully-coupled and implicit solution algorithm is crucial in obtaining a stable and accurate solution. Our initial findings show that COMSOL can accurately model such problems due to its ability to closely couple the fluid dynamics and the structural dynamics problems.
Curtis, Franklin G [ORNL] ORNL; Ekici, Kivanc [ORNL] ORNL; Freels, James D [ORNL] ORNL
High Performance Rooftop Units
Presentationname High Performance RTUs Life Cycle Cost Comparison Calculator * Web-based tool for comparing costs of standard and high performance RTUs. * Weather data for 237...
High Performance Networks for High Impact Science
This workshop was the first major activity in developing a strategic plan for high-performance networking in the Office of Science. Held August 13 through 15, 2002, it brought together a selection of end users, especially representing the emerging, high-visibility initiatives, and network visionaries to identify opportunities and begin defining the path forward.
Scott, Mary A.; Bair, Raymond A.
High power microwave generator
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A microwave generator efficiently converts the energy of an intense relativistic electron beam (REB) into a high-power microwave emission using the Smith-Purcell effect which is related to Cerenkov radiation. Feedback for efficient beam bunching and high gain is obtained by placing a cylindrical Smith-Purcell transmission grating on the axis of a toroidal resonator. High efficiency results from the use of a thin cold annular highly-magnetized REB that is closely coupled to the resonant structure.
Ekdahl, C.A.
Ekdahl, Carl A. (Albuquerque, NM)
High Speed Electronics
High Speed Electronics. ... optic sampling system provides traceability for our electrical waveform measurements ... Metrology for Electronic Packaging. ...
High-Dielectric Constant, High-Temperature Ceramic Capacitors for ...
Growth of Thick, On-Axis SiC Epitaxial Layers by High Temperature Halide CVD for High Voltage Power Devices � High-Dielectric Constant, High-Temperature�...
High Performance Computing in
High Performance Computing in Bioinformatics Thomas Ludwig (email@example.com) Ruprecht PART I: High Performance Computing Thomas Ludwig PART II: HPC Computing in Bioinformatics Alexandros #12;© Thomas Ludwig, Alexandros Stamatakis, GCB'04 3 PART I High Performance Computing Introduction
Stamatakis, Alexandros
High performance systems
This document provides a written compilation of the presentations and viewgraphs from the 1994 Conference on High Speed Computing given at the High Speed Computing Conference, {open_quotes}High Performance Systems,{close_quotes} held at Gleneden Beach, Oregon, on April 18 through 21, 1994.
Vigil, M.B. [comp.
High power, high beam quality regenerative amplifier
A regenerative laser amplifier system generates high peak power and high energy per pulse output beams enabling generation of X-rays used in X-ray lithography for manufacturing integrated circuits. The laser amplifier includes a ring shaped optical path with a limited number of components including a polarizer, a passive 90 degree phase rotator, a plurality of mirrors, a relay telescope, and a gain medium, the components being placed close to the image plane of the relay telescope to reduce diffraction or phase perturbations in order to limit high peak intensity spiking. In the ring, the beam makes two passes through the gain medium for each transit of the optical path to increase the amplifier gain to loss ratio. A beam input into the ring makes two passes around the ring, is diverted into an SBS phase conjugator and proceeds out of the SBS phase conjugator back through the ring in an equal but opposite direction for two passes, further reducing phase perturbations. A master oscillator inputs the beam through an isolation cell (Faraday or Pockels) which transmits the beam into the ring without polarization rotation. The isolation cell rotates polarization only in beams proceeding out of the ring to direct the beams out of the amplifier. The diffraction limited quality of the input beam is preserved in the amplifier so that a high power output beam having nearly the same diffraction limited quality is produced.
Hackel, Lloyd A. (Livermore, CA); Dane, Clifford B. (Livermore, CA)
Hackel, L.A.; Dane, C.B.
Information Science, Computing, Applied Math » Information Science, Computing, Applied Math » High Performance Computing High Performance Computing Providing world-class high performance computing capability that enables unsurpassed solutions to complex problems of strategic national interest Gary Grider High Performance Computing Division Leader Randal Rheinheimer High Performance Computing Deputy Division Leader Contact Us Carol Hogsett Student/Internship Opportunities Email Division Office Email Managing world-class supercomputing centers Powerall simulations modeling Read caption + The Powerwall is used by LANL scientists to view objects and processes in 3D. High Performance Computing video 13:01 Gary Grider, HPC Divison Leader The High Performance Computing (HPC) Division supports the Laboratory mission by managing world-class Supercomputing Centers.
Brookhaven High Energy Physics
High-Energy Physics High-Energy Physics High-energy physicists probe the properties and behavior of the most elementary particles in the universe. At the Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS), they perform experiments of unique sensitivity using high-intensity, intermediate-energy beams. The AGS currently provides the world's most intense high-energy proton beam. It is also the world's most versatile accelerator, accelerating protons, polarized protons, and heavy ions to near the speed of light. Magnet system at Brookhaven used to measure the magnetic moment of the muon. Important discoveries in high-energy physics were made at the AGS within the last decade. An international collaboration, including key physicists from Brookhaven, performed a very high-precision measurement of a property
Application of the Multigrid Method and a Flexible Hybrid Coordinate in a Nonhydrostatic Model
A fully compressible, three-dimensional, nonhydrostatic model is developed using a semi-implicit scheme to avoid an extremely small time step. As a result of applying the implicit scheme to high-frequency waves, an elliptic partial differential ...
Shu-hua Chen; Wen-yih Sun
A high voltage and current spark gap switch comprising two main electrodes insulatingly supported in opposed spaced relationship and a middle electrode supported medially between the main electrodes and symmetrically about the median line of the main electrodes is described. The middle electrode has a perforation aligned with the median line and an irradiation electrode insulatingly supported in the body of the middle electrode normal to the median line and protruding into the perforation. (AEC)
Dike, R.S.; Lier, D.W.; Schofield, A.E.; Tuck, J.L.
High output lamp with high brightness
An ultra bright, low wattage inductively coupled electrodeless aperture lamp is powered by a solid state RF source in the range of several tens to several hundreds of watts at various frequencies in the range of 400 to 900 MHz. Numerous novel lamp circuits and components are disclosed including a wedding ring shaped coil having one axial and one radial lead, a high accuracy capacitor stack, a high thermal conductivity aperture cup and various other aperture bulb configurations, a coaxial capacitor arrangement, and an integrated coil and capacitor assembly. Numerous novel RF circuits are also disclosed including a high power oscillator circuit with reduced complexity resonant pole configuration, parallel RF power FET transistors with soft gate switching, a continuously variable frequency tuning circuit, a six port directional coupler, an impedance switching RF source, and an RF source with controlled frequency-load characteristics. Numerous novel RF control methods are disclosed including controlled adjustment of the operating frequency to find a resonant frequency and reduce reflected RF power, controlled switching of an impedance switched lamp system, active power control and active gate bias control.
Kirkpatrick, Douglas A. (Great Falls, VA); Bass, Gary K. (Mt. Airy, MD); Copsey, Jesse F. (Germantown, MD); Garber, Jr., William E. (Poolesville, MD); Kwong, Vincent H. (Vancouver, CA); Levin, Izrail (Silver Spring, MD); MacLennan, Donald A. (Gaithersburg, MD); Roy, Robert J. (Frederick, MD); Steiner, Paul E. (Olney, MD); Tsai, Peter (Olney, MD); Turner, Brian P. (Damascus, MD)
High temperature furnace
A high temperature furnace for use above 2000.degree.C is provided that features fast initial heating and low power consumption at the operating temperature. The cathode is initially heated by joule heating followed by electron emission heating at the operating temperature. The cathode is designed for routine large temperature excursions without being subjected to high thermal stresses. A further characteristic of the device is the elimination of any ceramic components from the high temperature zone of the furnace.
Borkowski, Casimer J. (Oak Ridge, TN)
High temperature refrigerator
A high temperature magnetic refrigerator which uses a Stirling-like cycle in which rotating magnetic working material is heated in zero field and adiabatically magnetized, cooled in high field, then adiabatically demagnetized. During this cycle said working material is in heat exchange with a pumped fluid which absorbs heat from a low temperature heat source and deposits heat in a high temperature reservoir. The magnetic refrigeration cycle operates at an efficiency 70% of Carnot.
Steyert, Jr., William A. (Los Alamos, NM)
High-Tc Superconductor
Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 High-temperature superconductors (HTSC's), following their remarkable discovery in 1986, continue to be at...
.NET High Performance Computing.
?? Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been extensively applied in the High Performance Computing (HPC) community. HPC applications require additional special programming environments to improve� (more)
Ou, Hsuan-Hsiu
High Energy Physics
Untitled Document Argonne Logo DOE Logo High Energy Physics Division Home Division ES&H Personnel Publications HEP Awards HEP Computing HEP Committees Administration...
High Temperature Corrosion
Oct 18, 2010 ... Protective Coatings for Corrosion Resistance at High Temperatures: Vilupanur Ravi1; Thuan Nguyen1; Alexander Ly1; Kameron Harmon1;�...
High-Dose Dosimetry
... web page below. Service descriptions and price schedule for NIST high-dose services are found in this link. The intention ...
High Performance Tooling Materials
High performance tools are necessary for the successful manufacturing of every consumer product as well as oil drilling and mining operations. Increasing�...
High temperature sensor
A high temperature sensor includes a pair of electrical conductors separated by a mass of electrical insulating material. The insulating material has a measurable resistivity within the sensor that changes in relation to the temperature of the insulating material within a high temperature range (1,000 to 2,000 K.). When required, the sensor can be encased within a ceramic protective coating.
Tokarz, Richard D. (West Richland, WA)
Electrolysis � High Temperature � Hydrogen
INL has developed a high-temperature process the utilizes solid oxide fuel cells that are operated in the electrolytic mode. The first process includes combining a high-temperature heat source (e.g. nuclear reactor) with a hydrogen production facility ...
High density photovoltaic
Photovoltaic technology can directly generate high voltages in a solid state material through the series interconnect of many photovoltaic diodes. We are investigating the feasibility of developing an electrically isolated, high-voltage power supply using miniature photovoltaic devices that convert optical energy to electrical energy.
Haigh, R.E.; Jacobson, G.F.; Wojtczuk, S. [Spire Corp., Bedford, MA (United States)
High power, high frequency, vacuum flange
This invention is comprised of an improved waveguide flange is disclosed for high power operation that helps prevent arcs from being initiated at the junctions between waveguide sections. The flanges at the end of the waveguide sections have counterbores surrounding the waveguide tubes. When the sections are bolted together the counterbores form a groove that holds a fully annealed copper gasket. Each counterbore has a beveled step that is specially configured to insure the gasket forms a metal-to-metal vacuum seal without gaps or sharp edges. The resultant inner surface of the waveguide is smooth across the junctions between waveguide sections, and arcing is prevented.
Felker, B.; McDaniel, M.
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost ...
... for project alternatives over their designated study period. ... At the request of FEMP, EIA extrapolated energy ... t = index used to designate the year of ...
... for project alternatives over their designated study period ... FEMP, EIA extrapolated energy prices after the year ... o t = index used to designate the year ...
". The second answered "150." "Good," said Einstein. "I look forward to discussing the issues of nuclear non-proliferation
Video market data for calves and yearlings confirms price discounts for Western cattle
RESEARCH Article t Video market data for calves andWe used 11 years of data from video auction sales across thesales information from video auctions because they operate
Blank, Steven; Forero, Larry C.; Nader, Glenn A.
Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis- 2012
Report provides tables of present-value factors for use in the life-cycle cost analysis of capital investment projects for federal facilities. It also provides energy price indices based on the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) forecasts from 2012 to 2042.
Duke Energy (Electric)- Energy Star Homes Rate Discount Program (South Carolina)
Duke Energy encourages residential customers to buy energy-efficient homes through its [http://www.energystar.gov/index.cfm?c=new_homes.hm_index Energy Star Homes Program], which awards a rate...
WTI discount to Brent and premium to Bakken both rising in ...
It is likely that concerns regarding oil transportation bottlenecks throughout the central United States and increasing production from shale ...
Numerical Analysis of Non-Constant Discounting with an Application to Renewable Resource Management
AND K. G. L OFGREN (2000): �Renewable Resources and Economicwith an Application to Renewable Resource Management Tomokiwith an Application to Renewable Resource Management Tomoki
Fujii, Tomoki; Karp, Larry
Financial modeling of consumer discount rate in residential solar photovoltaic purchasing decisions.
??Diffusion of microgeneration technologies, particularly rooftop photovoltaic (PV), represents a key option in reducing emissions in the residential sector. This thesis uses a uniquely rich� (more)
Sigrin, Benjamin O.
WTI discount to Brent and premium to Bakken both rising in early ...
However, last month the owners of the Seaway pipeline announced the expected reversal of the line would not be completed until June 1, ...
Deep Discount Group Pass Programs as Instruments for Increasing Transit Revenue and Ridership
alt_trans/new_way_history.html 1997 RTD ECO Pass DenverCBD Employee Survey 2001 RTD Boarding Statistics and SkyRide81 THE DENVER RTD ECO PASS
Nuworsoo, Cornelius Kofi
Big box, no more quick fixes : a historical account of consumption, retail and discount shopping typologies
As of 2011, the fastest growing sectors of the American economy are related to, or directly involved in the retail business. The conditions which led to this phenomenon are rooted in the fundamental precepts of capitalism, ...
Scanlon, Erik R
Cash Flow and Discount Rate news estimation: which method to choose?
news 6.1 Generation of financial statements and expectationsNEWS Generation of financial statements and expectationsabout future cash flows Financial statements of the firm are
Khimich, Natalya V.
highest average nominal prices. ) Results not adjusted fordiscounted. For TABLE 4. Price premiums for value-addedhighest average nominal prices. ) Results not adjusted for
Optimal allocation of policy limits and deductibles in a model with mixture risks and discount factors
By maximizing the expected utility, we study the optimal allocation of policy limits and deductibles from the viewpoint of a policyholder, where the dependence structure of losses is unknown. In Cheung (2007) [K.C. Cheung, Optimal allocation of policy ... Keywords: 49K30, 91B30, Comonotonicity, Conditional expectation, Hazard rate order, Likelihood ratio order, Loss frequency, Stochastic orders
Fengxia Hu; Rongming Wang
High Performance Computing Managing world-class supercomputing centers Read caption + The Powerwall is used by LANL scientists to view objects and processes in 3D. 13:01 Gary...
High Performance Sustainable Buildings
become a High Performance Sustainable Building in 2013. On the former County landfill, a photovoltaic array field uses solar energy to provide power for Los Alamos County and the...
High pressure furnace
A high temperature high pressure furnace has a hybrid partially externally heated construction. A metallic vessel fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 or 2 inch, 32 mm or 50 mm bar stock and has a length of about 22 inches, 56 cm. This bar stock has an aperture formed therein to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the vessel is provided with a small blind aperture into which a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the vessel is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior.
Morris, Donald E. (Kensington, CA)
High pressure oxygen furnace
A high temperature high pressure oxygen furnace having a hybrid partially externally heated construction is disclosed. A metallic bar fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized, the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 inch bar stock and has a length of about 17 inches. This bar stock is gun drilled for over 16 inches of its length with 0.400 inch aperture to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the bar is provided with a small support aperture into which both a support and a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the gun drilled bar is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior. 5 figs.
Morris, D.E.
A high temperature high pressure oxygen furnace having a hybrid partially externally heated construction is disclosed. A metallic bar fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 inch bar stock and has a length of about 17 inches. This bar stock is gun drilled for over 16 inches of its length with 0.400 inch aperture to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the bar is provided with a small support aperture into which both a support and a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the gun drilled bar is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior.
A high temperature high pressure furnace has a hybrid partially externally heated construction. A metallic vessel fabricated from an alloy having a composition of at least 45% nickel, 15% chrome, and 10% tungsten is utilized (the preferred alloy including 55% nickel, 22% chrome, 14% tungsten, 2% molybdenum, 3% iron (maximum) and 5% cobalt (maximum)). The disclosed alloy is fabricated into 11/4 or 2 inch, 32 mm or 50 mm bar stock and has a length of about 22 inches, 56 cm. This bar stock has an aperture formed therein to define a closed high temperature, high pressure oxygen chamber. The opposite and closed end of the vessel is provided with a small blind aperture into which a thermocouple can be inserted. The closed end of the vessel is inserted into an oven, preferably heated by standard nickel chrome electrical elements and having a heavily insulated exterior. 19 figures.
Creating high performance enterprises
How do enterprises successfully conceive, design, deliver, and operate large-scale, engineered systems? These large-scale projects often involve high complexity, significant technical challenges, a large number of diverse ...
Stanke, Alexis K. (Alexis Kristen), 1977-
High Performance Window Attachments
High Performance Window High Performance Window Attachments D. Charlie Curcija Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory firstname.lastname@example.com 510-495-2602 April 4, 2013 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Purpose & Objectives Impact of Project: * Motivate manufacturers to make improvements in Window systems U-Factors, SHGC and daylighting utilization * Increase awareness of benefits from energy efficient window attachments Problem Statement: * A wide range of residential window attachments are available, but they have widely unknown
High-temperature sensor
A high temperature sensor is described which includes a pair of electrical conductors separated by a mass of electrical insulating material. The insulating material has a measurable resistivity within the sensor that changes in relation to the temperature of the insulating material within a high temperature range (1000 to 2000/sup 0/K). When required, the sensor can be encased within a ceramic protective coating.
High Burnup Effects Program
This is the final report of the High Burnup Effects Program (HBEP). It has been prepared to present a summary, with conclusions, of the HBEP. The HBEP was an international, group-sponsored research program managed by Battelle, Pacific Northwest Laboratories (BNW). The principal objective of the HBEP was to obtain well-characterized data related to fission gas release (FGR) for light water reactor (LWR) fuel irradiated to high burnup levels. The HBEP was organized into three tasks as follows: Task 1 -- high burnup effects evaluations; Task 2 -- fission gas sampling; and Task 3 -- parameter effects study. During the course of the HBEP, a program that extended over 10 years, 82 fuel rods from a variety of sources were characterized, irradiated, and then examined in detail after irradiation. The study of fission gas release at high burnup levels was the principal objective of the program and it may be concluded that no significant enhancement of fission gas release at high burnup levels was observed for the examined rods. The rim effect, an as yet unquantified contributor to athermal fission gas release, was concluded to be the one truly high-burnup effect. Though burnup enhancement of fission gas release was observed to be low, a full understanding of the rim region and rim effect has not yet emerged and this may be a potential area of further research. 25 refs., 23 figs., 4 tabs.
Barner, J.O.; Cunningham, M.E.; Freshley, M.D.; Lanning, D.D.
High Temperature Capacitor Development
The absence of high-temperature electronics is an obstacle to the development of untapped energy resources (deep oil, gas and geothermal). US natural gas consumption is projected to grow from 22 trillion cubic feet per year (tcf) in 1999 to 34 tcf in 2020. Cumulatively this is 607 tcf of consumption by 2020, while recoverable reserves using current technology are 177 tcf. A significant portion of this shortfall may be met by tapping deep gas reservoirs. Tapping these reservoirs represents a significant technical challenge. At these depths, temperatures and pressures are very high and may require penetrating very hard rock. Logistics of supporting 6.1 km (20,000 ft) drill strings and the drilling processes are complex and expensive. At these depths up to 50% of the total drilling cost may be in the last 10% of the well depth. Thus, as wells go deeper it is increasingly important that drillers are able to monitor conditions down-hole such as temperature, pressure, heading, etc. Commercial off-the-shelf electronics are not specified to meet these operating conditions. This is due to problems associated with all aspects of the electronics including the resistors and capacitors. With respect to capacitors, increasing temperature often significantly changes capacitance because of the strong temperature dependence of the dielectric constant. Higher temperatures also affect the equivalent series resistance (ESR). High-temperature capacitors usually have low capacitance values because of these dielectric effects and because packages are kept small to prevent mechanical breakage caused by thermal stresses. Electrolytic capacitors do not operate at temperatures above 150oC due to dielectric breakdown. The development of high-temperature capacitors to be used in a high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) drilling environment was investigated. These capacitors were based on a previously developed high-voltage hybridized capacitor developed at Giner, Inc. in conjunction with a unique high-temperature electrolyte developed during the course of the program. During this program the feasibility of operating a high voltage hybridized capacitor at 230oC was demonstrated. Capacitor specifications were established in conjunction with potential capacitor users. A method to allow for capacitor operation at both ambient and elevated temperatures was demonstrated. The program was terminated prior to moving into Phase II due to a lack of cost-sharing funds.
John Kosek
High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance
High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance Windows Volume Purchase Program to someone by E-mail Share High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance Windows Volume Purchase Program on Facebook Tweet about High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance Windows Volume Purchase Program on Twitter Bookmark High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance Windows Volume Purchase Program on Google Bookmark High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance Windows Volume Purchase Program on Delicious Rank High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: About the High Performance Windows Volume Purchase Program on Digg Find More places to share High Performance Windows Volume Purchase:
Alternative Fuels Data Center: High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High
Alternative Fuels and Advanced Vehicles Data Center (EERE)
High Occupancy Vehicle High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lane Exemption to someone by E-mail Share Alternative Fuels Data Center: High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lane Exemption on Facebook Tweet about Alternative Fuels Data Center: High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lane Exemption on Twitter Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lane Exemption on Google Bookmark Alternative Fuels Data Center: High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lane Exemption on Delicious Rank Alternative Fuels Data Center: High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) and High Occupancy Toll (HOT) Lane Exemption on Digg Find More places to share Alternative Fuels Data Center: High
High brightness electron accelerator
A compact high brightness linear accelerator is provided for use, e.g., in a free electron laser. The accelerator has a first plurality of acclerating cavities having end walls with four coupling slots for accelerating electrons to high velocities in the absence of quadrupole fields. A second plurality of cavities receives the high velocity electrons for further acceleration, where each of the second cavities has end walls with two coupling slots for acceleration in the absence of dipole fields. The accelerator also includes a first cavity with an extended length to provide for phase matching the electron beam along the accelerating cavities. A solenoid is provided about the photocathode that emits the electrons, where the solenoid is configured to provide a substantially uniform magnetic field over the photocathode surface to minimize emittance of the electrons as the electrons enter the first cavity.
Sheffield, R.L.; Carlsten, B.E.; Young, L.M.
High-energy detector
The preferred embodiments are directed to a high-energy detector that is electrically shielded using an anode, a cathode, and a conducting shield to substantially reduce or eliminate electrically unshielded area. The anode and the cathode are disposed at opposite ends of the detector and the conducting shield substantially surrounds at least a portion of the longitudinal surface of the detector. The conducting shield extends longitudinally to the anode end of the detector and substantially surrounds at least a portion of the detector. Signals read from one or more of the anode, cathode, and conducting shield can be used to determine the number of electrons that are liberated as a result of high-energy particles impinge on the detector. A correction technique can be implemented to correct for liberated electron that become trapped to improve the energy resolution of the high-energy detectors disclosed herein.
Bolotnikov, Aleksey E. (South Setauket, NY); Camarda, Giuseppe (Farmingville, NY); Cui, Yonggang (Upton, NY); James, Ralph B. (Ridge, NY)
High resolution data acquisition
A high resolution event interval timing system measures short time intervals such as occur in high energy physics or laser ranging. Timing is provided from a clock pulse train and analog circuitry for generating a triangular wave synchronously with the pulse train. The triangular wave has an amplitude and slope functionally related to the time elapsed during each clock pulse in the train. A converter forms a first digital value of the amplitude and slope of the triangle wave at the start of the event interval and a second digital value of the amplitude and slope of the triangle wave at the end of the event interval. A counter counts the clock pulse train during the interval to form a gross event interval time. A computer then combines the gross event interval time and the first and second digital values to output a high resolution value for the event interval.
Thornton, G.W.; Fuller, K.R.
High Risk Plan
Risk Plan Risk Plan John Bashista Melissa Rider Jeff Davis Timeline to date * OMB memo on Improving Government Acquisition issued July 29, 2009 - Review existing contracts and acquisition practices to save 7% of baseline contract spending (3.5% in FY 2010 and 3.5% in FY 2011) - Reduce high risk contracts by 10% the share of dollars obligated in FY2010 - Final plan was due and submitted on November 2, 2009 - OMB reviewed and requested revision Dec 23, 2009 - Revision submitted April 21, 2010 M&Os are an Issue * With respect to reductions in high risk contracting strategies, the M&O contracts was also a challenge since the opportunity to further influence competition and contract type was highly constrained. The Department had already competed approximately 85 percent of its M&O
AUTOMATED MACROMOLECULAR AUTOMATED MACROMOLECULAR CRYSTALLOGRAPHY BEAMLINE (AMX) Group Leader: Dieter Schneider Proposal Team: M. Allaire 1 , L. Berman 1 , M. Chance 2 , W. Hendrickson 3 , A. Héroux 1 , J. Jakoncic 1 , A. Orville 1 , H. Robinson 1 , D. Schneider 1 , W. Shi 2 , A. Soares 1 , V. Stojanoff 1 , R. Sweet 1 1 Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2 Case Western Reserve University, 3 Columbia University MISSION APPLICATIONS AND CAPABILITIES ADDITIONAL INFORMATION * AMX at NSLS-II will provide structural biologists with ready access to an advanced macromolecular crystallography (MX) beamline for the elucidation of structure and function of macromolecular complexes. * Its high flux, tunable energy, and natively small focal spot will make it a crystallographer's preferred beamline. * Its high degree of automation will provide a high throughput
High strength alloys
High strength metal alloys are described herein. At least one composition of a metal alloy includes chromium, nickel, copper, manganese, silicon, niobium, tungsten and iron. System, methods, and heaters that include the high strength metal alloys are described herein. At least one heater system may include a canister at least partially made from material containing at least one of the metal alloys. At least one system for heating a subterranean formation may include a tubular that is at least partially made from a material containing at least one of the metal alloys.
Maziasz, Phillip James [Oak Ridge, TN; Shingledecker, John Paul [Knoxville, TN; Santella, Michael Leonard [Knoxville, TN; Schneibel, Joachim Hugo [Knoxville, TN; Sikka, Vinod Kumar [Oak Ridge, TN; Vinegar, Harold J [Bellaire, TX; John, Randy Carl [Houston, TX; Kim, Dong Sub [Sugar Land, TX
High Availability Electronics Standards
Availability modeling of the proposed International Linear Collider (ILC) predicts unacceptably low uptime with current electronics systems designs. High Availability (HA) analysis is being used as a guideline for all major machine systems including sources, utilities, cryogenics, magnets, power supplies, instrumentation and controls. R&D teams are seeking to achieve total machine high availability with nominal impact on system cost. The focus of this paper is the investigation of commercial standard HA architectures and packaging for Accelerator Controls and Instrumentation. Application of HA design principles to power systems and detector instrumentation are also discussed.
Larsen, R.S.; /SLAC
High-beta tokamak
Calculations are made to study the stability and accessibility of tokamak plasmas in the high energy density regime which is desirable for economical reactor operation. Results are given from flux conserving tokamak (FCT) models, classical models, and more complete models with spatially resolved (R,Z) transport, including effects from sawtooth oscillations and magnetic islands. MHD equilibrium, stability, and transport calculations are made to study the accessibility and behavior of high-beta tokamak plasmas in the range {beta} {approx} 5-15%. For next-generation devices, beta values of, at least, 8% appear to be accessible and stable if there is a conducting surface nearby.
Dory, R.A. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Berger, D.P. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Charlton, L. A. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Hogan, J.T. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Munro, J.K. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Nelson, D. B. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Peng, Yueng Kay Martin [ORNL; Sigma, D.J. [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL); Strickler, Dennis J [ORNL
High intensity hadron accelerators
This rapporteur report consists mainly of two parts. Part I is an abridged review of the status of all High Intensity Hadron Accelerator projects in the world in semi-tabulated form for quick reference and comparison. Part II is a brief discussion of the salient features of the different technologies involved. The discussion is based mainly on my personal experiences and opinions, tempered, I hope, by the discussions I participated in in the various parallel sessions of the workshop. In addition, appended at the end is my evaluation and expression of the merits of high intensity hadron accelerators as research facilities for nuclear and particle physics.
Teng, L.C.
Societal Implicit Memory and his Speed on Tracking Extrema in ...
of emergent adaptive memory, cooperative learning and perception ..... comparison purposes, we plotted bold curves for static Ackley functions with respective�...
Hybrid programming model for implicit PDE simulations on multicore architectures
The complexity of programming modern multicore processor based clusters is rapidly rising, with GPUs adding further demand for fine-grained parallelism. This paper analyzes the performance of the hybrid (MPI+OpenMP) programming model in the context of ...
Dinesh Kaushik; David Keyes; Satish Balay; Barry Smith
A Simple Positive Definite Advection Scheme with Small Implicit Diffusion
The development of negative values for positive definite scalars in the solution of the advection equation is an important difficulty in numerical modeling. This paper proposes a new positively definite advection scheme which has a simple form, ...
Piotr K. Smolarkiewicz
Type error slicing in implicitly typed higher-order languages
Previous methods have generally identified the location of a type error as a particular program point or the program subtree rooted at that point. We present a new approach that identifies the location of a type error as a set of program points (a slice) ...
Christian Haack; J. B. Wells
An Implicit Feedback Approach for Interactive Information Retrieval
White,R.W. Jose,J.M. Ruthven,I.G. Information Processing and Management: An International Journal Elsevier Science
White, R.W.
Implicit Versus Explicit Convective Heating in Numerical Weather Prediction Models
The ability of several explicit formulations of convective heating to predict the precipitation associated with a mesoscale convective complex was compared to that of a cumulus parameterization on a � deg latitude-longitude mesh. In the explicit ...
John Molinari; Michael Dudek
Oracle scheduling: controlling granularity in implicitly parallel languages
A classic problem in parallel computing is determining whether to execute a task in parallel or sequentially. If small tasks are executed in parallel, the task-creation overheads can be overwhelming. If large tasks are executed sequentially, processors ... Keywords: granularity control, scheduling, work stealing
Umut A. Acar; Arthur Chargu�raud; Mike Rainey
An Analysis of Functional Differences in Implicit Learning
, David Shanks, Uta Frith, Laura Klinger, Mark Klinger, Anastasia Kourkoulou, Brittany Travers, Liz Pellicano and Sarah White. Sincere thanks go to the teachers and schools at which I worked, and to all my participants. They are too numerous to name... has been replaced by another distractor (Chun & Jiang, 2003; Jim�nez & V�zquez, in press) � then participants usually perform no better than chance. Another variety of procedures are Invariant Feature Learning (IFL) tasks (McGeorge & Burton, 1990...
Brown, Jamie
An implicit trust-region method on Riemannian manifolds�
Jun 6, 2007 ... described in terms of optimizing a smooth function on a manifold (e.g., the eigen- .... Use CG recurrences to update residual and search direction. 21: Set rj+1 = rj +
Implicit spatial length modulates time estimates, but not vice versa
How are space and time represented in the human mind? Here we evaluate two theoretical proposals, one suggesting a symmetric relationship between space and time (ATOM theory) and the other an asymmetric relationship (metaphor theory). In Experiment 1, ... Keywords: ATOM, metaphor, psychophysics, space, time
Roberto Bottini; Daniel Casasanto
High expression Zymomonas promoters
Identified are mutants of the promoter of the Z. mobilis glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, which direct improved expression levels of operably linked heterologous nucleic acids. These are high expression promoters useful for expression of chimeric genes in Zymomonas, Zymobacter, and other related bacteria.
Viitanen, Paul V. (West Chester, PA); Tao, Luan (Havertown, PA); Zhang, Yuying (New Hope, PA); Caimi, Perry G. (Kennett Square, PA); McCole, Laura (East Fallowfield, PA): Zhang, Min (Lakewood, CO); Chou, Yat-Chen (Lakewood, CO); McCutchen, Carol M. (Wilmington, DE); Franden, Mary Ann (Centennial, CO)
High availability using virtualization
High availability has always been one of the main problems for a data center. Till now high availability was achieved by host per host redundancy, a highly expensive method in terms of hardware and human costs. A new approach to the problem can be offered by virtualization. Using virtualization, it is possible to achieve a redundancy system for all the services running on a data center. This new approach to high availability allows to share the running virtual machines over the servers up and running, by exploiting the features of the virtualization layer: start, stop and move virtual machines between physical hosts. The system (3RC) is based on a finite state machine with hysteresis, providing the possibility to restart each virtual machine over any physical host, or reinstall it from scratch. A complete infrastructure has been developed to install operating system and middleware in a few minutes. To virtualize the main servers of a data center, a new procedure has been developed to migrate physical to virtu...
Calzolari, Federico
High Energy Photoproduction
The experimental and phenomenological status of high energy photoproduction is reviewed. Topics covered include the structure of the photon, production of jets, heavy flavours and prompt photons, rapidity gaps, energy flow and underlying events. The results are placed in the context of the current understanding of QCD, with particular application to present and future hadron and lepton colliders.
J. M. Butterworth; M. Wing
High speed flywheel
This invention relates generally to flywheels and relates more particularly to the construction of a high speed, low-mass flywheel. Flywheels with which this invention is to be compared include those constructed of circumferentially wound filaments or fibers held together by a matrix or bonding material. Flywheels of such construction are known to possess a relatively high hoop strength but a relatively low radial strength. Hoop-wound flywheels are, therefore, particularly susceptible to circumferential cracks, and the radial stress limitations of such a flywheel substantially limit its speed capabilities. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved flywheel which experiences reduced radial stress at high operating speeds. Another object of the present invention is to provide flywheel whose construction allows for radial growth as flywheel speed increases while providing the necessary stiffness for transferring and maintaining kinetic energy within the flywheel. Still another object of the present invention is to provide a flywheel having concentrically-disposed component parts wherein rotation induced radial stresses at the interfaces of such component parts approach zero. Yet another object of the present invention is to provide a flywheel which is particularly well-suited for high speed applications. 5 figs.
McGrath, S.V.
High Efficiency Steam Electrolyzer
A novel steam electrolyzer has been developed. In conventional electrolyzers, oxygen produced from electrolysis is usually released in the air stream. In their novel design, natural gas is used to replace air in order to reduce the chemical potential difference across the electrolyzer, thus minimizing the electrical consumption. The oxygen from the electrolysis is consumed in either a total oxidation or a partial oxidation reaction with natural gas. Experiments performed on single cells shown a voltage reduction as much as 1 V when compared to conventional electrolyzers. Using thin film materials and high performance cathode and anode, electrolysis could be done at temperatures as low as 700 C with electrolytic current as high as 1 A/cm{sup 2} at a voltage of 0.5 V only. The 700 C operating temperature is favorable to the total oxidation of natural gas while minimizing the need for steam that is otherwise necessary to avoid carbon deposition. A novel tubular electrolyzer stack has been developed. The system was designed to produce hydrogen at high pressures, taking advantage of the simplicity and high efficiency of the electrochemical compressors. A complete fabrication process was developed for making electrolyzer tubes with thin film coatings. A 100 W stack is being built.
Pham, A.Q.
Highly oxidized superconductors
Novel superconducting materials in the form of compounds, structures or phases are formed by performing otherwise known synthesis in a highly oxidizing atmosphere rather than that created by molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure or below. This leads to the successful synthesis of novel superconducting compounds which are thermodynamically stable at the conditions under which they are formed. 16 figs.
Novel superconducting materials in the form of compounds, structures or phases are formed by performing otherwise known syntheses in a highly oxidizing atmosphere rather than that created by molecular oxygen at atmospheric pressure or below. This leads to the successful synthesis of novel superconducting compounds which are thermodynamically stable at the conditions under which they are formed.
High Selectivity Oxygen Delignification
The overall objective of this program was to develop improved extended oxygen delignification (EOD) technologies for current U.S. pulp mill operations. This was accomplished by: (1) Identifying pulping conditions that optimize O and OO performance; (2) Identifying structural features of lignin that enhance reactivity towards EOD of high kappa pulps; (3) Identifying factors minimizing carbohydrate degradation and improve pulp strength of EOD high kappa pulps; (4) Developing a simple, reproducible method of quantifying yield gains from EOD; and (5) Developing process conditions that significantly reduce the capital requirements of EOD while optimizing the yield benefits. Key research outcomes included, demonstrating the use of a mini-O sequence such as (E+O)Dkf:0.05(E+O) or Dkf:0.05(E+O)(E+O) without interstage washing could capture approximately 60% of the delignification efficiency of a conventional O-stage without the major capital requirements associated with an O-stage for conventional SW kraft pulps. The rate of formation and loss of fiber charge during an O-stage stage can be employed to maximize net fiber charge. Optimal fiber charge development and delignification are two independent parameters and do not parallel each other. It is possible to utilize an O-stage to enhance overall cellulosic fiber charge of low and high kappa SW kraft pulps which is beneficial for physical strength properties. The application of NIR and multi-variant analysis was developed into a rapid and simple method of determining the yield of pulp from an oxygen delignification stage that has real-world mill applications. A focus point of this program was the demonstration that Kraft pulping conditions and oxygen delignification of high and low-kappa SW and HW pulps are intimately related. Improved physical pulp properties and yield can be delivered by controlling the H-factor and active alkali charge. Low AA softwood kraft pulp with a kappa number 30 has an average improvement of 2% in yield and 4 cP in viscosity in comparison to high AA pulp for the oxygen delignification. This difference is also seen for high-kappa SW kraft pulps with an average improvement of {approx}3% in yield and 3 cP in viscosity for low AA high kappa number 50 pulp. Low AA hardwood kappa number 20 pulp had an average improvement of {approx}4% in yield and 6-12 cP in viscosity as compared to high AA pulp. Lower kraft cooking temperature (160 vs. 170 C) in combination with the medium AA provides a practical approach for integrating high kappa pulping of hardwoods (i.e., low rejects) with an advanced extended oxygen delignification stage. ECF pulp bleaching of low and high kappa kraft SW and HW pulps exhibit comparable optical and physical strength properties when bleached D(EPO)D.
Arthur J. Ragauskas
High Tc Superconductivity
by C. Kim (SSRL), D. H. Lu (Stanford), K. M. Shen (Stanford) and Z.-X. Shen (Stanford/SSRL) by C. Kim (SSRL), D. H. Lu (Stanford), K. M. Shen (Stanford) and Z.-X. Shen (Stanford/SSRL) Extensive research efforts to study the novel electronic properties of high-Tc superconductors and their related materials by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy at a recently commissioned Beam Line 5-4 (led by Z.-X. Shen) continue to be successful, producing many important results. These results, which are highlighted by five articles recently published in Physical Review Letters and one in Science, brought our understanding steps closer to solving the mystery of the high-Tc superconductivity. With the development of the latest generation of ultra-high resolution electron spectrometers in the past few years, the technique of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has recently experienced a renaissance. Nowhere is this revolution more evident than in the study of the high-temperature superconductors, which more than a decade after their discovery, continue to defy theoretical explanation. Recent ARPES experiments performed at Beam Line 5-4 have led to critical new discoveries about the fundamental nature of these mysterious superconductors and are now changing the way that the physics community views these materials. An excellent benchmark for the huge leap in detector resolution and technology is the recent work on Sr2RuO4. Although it belongs to a slightly different family than the high- temperature superconductors, its exotic superconducting mechanism (Tc = 1K) and complex electronic structure make it itself a fascinating material. In the past, due to poor resolutions, ARPES studies on this material were in disagreement with theory and other experimental techniques.
Design of Phosphor Thermometry System for Transient High Heat Flux Surface Thermometry
Abstract: A transformative calibration methodology is presented for predicting transient surface temperatures in a thermally conducting medium from in-depth, time-varying temperature measurements. The surface temperature is resolved using two experimental runs and a newly devised first-kind Volterra integral equation. The first experimental run involves calibration with known surface temperature while the second run involves resolving the surface temperature of interest through the ill-posed integral equation. This paper presents the concept genesis and numerically demonstrates the concept for feasibility, robustness, stability and accuracy. From this demonstration, we propose to implement surface placed thermographic phosphors in the calibration stage of the inverse method for estimating the required surface temperature. As a preliminary study, we consider transient, constant property, onedimensional heat conduction in a semi-infinite medium. It is mathematically demonstrated that a Volterra integral equation of the first kind is developed for estimating the surface temperature using a calibrated system (host material and sensor). Sensor characterization, explicit sensor positioning and thermophysical properties are implicitly contained in the new calibration integral equation. The calibration integral equation displays only four terms; namely, the measured front surface temperature and corresponding measured in-depth temperature response associated with the calibration run; and, the unknown surface temperature and its measured in-depth temperature response associated with the second run. Preliminary numerical results indicate the merit of the concept. This paper suggests using thermographic phosphors for estimating the surface temperature in the calibration portion of the process owing to their rapid thermal response, good surface thermal contact characteristics and lack of capacitance for assuring minimal delay. Though the present paper describes the theoretical basis for resolving such problems, it is intended for near-term application using the UTK s high-heat flux laser facility which is presently under development
Allison, Stephen W [ORNL; Frankel, Jay I [ORNL; Beshears, David L [EMCO
High-density Fuel Development for High Performance Research ...
Abstract Scope, High density UMo (7-12wt% Mo) fuel for high performance research ... High Energy X-ray Diffraction Study of Deformation Behavior of Alloy HT9.
California high speed rail proposal: �High speed rail and wildlife�
Wildlife and High Speed Rail C ALIFORNIA H IGH S PEED R AILLeavitt, California High Speed Rail Authority) Abstract TheCalifornia High Speed Rail (HSR) Proposal is in the initial
Wilkerson, Cynthia
High frequency reference electrode
A high frequency reference electrode for electrochemical experiments comprises a mercury-calomel or silver-silver chloride reference electrode with a layer of platinum around it and a layer of a chemically and electrically resistant material such as TEFLON around the platinum covering all but a small ring or halo'' at the tip of the reference electrode, adjacent to the active portion of the reference electrode. The voltage output of the platinum layer, which serves as a redox electrode, and that of the reference electrode are coupled by a capacitor or a set of capacitors and the coupled output transmitted to a standard laboratory potentiostat. The platinum may be applied by thermal decomposition to the surface of the reference electrode. The electrode provides superior high-frequency response over conventional electrodes.
Kronberg, J.W.
A high frequency reference electrode for electrochemical experiments comprises a mercury-calomel or silver-silver chloride reference electrode with a layer of platinum around it and a layer of a chemically and electrically resistant material such as TEFLON around the platinum covering all but a small ring or halo' at the tip of the reference electrode, adjacent to the active portion of the reference electrode. The voltage output of the platinum layer, which serves as a redox electrode, and that of the reference electrode are coupled by a capacitor or a set of capacitors and the coupled output transmitted to a standard laboratory potentiostat. The platinum may be applied by thermal decomposition to the surface of the reference electrode. The electrode provides superior high-frequency response over conventional electrodes. 4 figs.
A high frequency reference electrode for electrochemical experiments comprises a mercury-calomel or silver-silver chloride reference electrode with a layer of platinum around it and a layer of a chemically and electrically resistant material such as TEFLON around the platinum covering all but a small ring or "halo" at the tip of the reference electrode, adjacent to the active portion of the reference electrode. The voltage output of the platinum layer, which serves as a redox electrode, and that of the reference electrode are coupled by a capacitor or a set of capacitors and the coupled output transmitted to a standard laboratory potentiostat. The platinum may be applied by thermal decomposition to the surface of the reference electrode. The electrode provides superior high-frequency response over conventional electrodes.
Kronberg, James W. (Aiken, SC)
High Temperature ESP Monitoring
The objective of the High Temperature ESP Monitoring project was to develop a downhole monitoring system to be used in wells with bottom hole well temperatures up to 300�C for measuring motor temperature, formation pressure, and formation temperature. These measurements are used to monitor the health of the ESP motor, to track the downhole operating conditions, and to optimize the pump operation. A 220 �C based High Temperature ESP Monitoring system was commercially released for sale with Schlumberger ESP motors April of 2011 and a 250 �C system with will be commercially released at the end of Q2 2011. The measurement system is now fully qualified, except for the sensor, at 300 �C.
Jack Booker; Brindesh Dhruva
Highly Pipelined Asynchronous FPGAs
We present the design of a high-performance, highly pipelined asynchronous FPGA. We describe a very ne-grain pipelined logic block and routing interconnect architecture, and show how asynchronous logic can eciently take advantage of this large amount of pipelining. Our FPGA, which does not use a clock to sequence computations, automatically \\selfpipelines " its logic without the designer needing to be explicitly aware of all pipelining details. This property makes our FPGA ideal for throughput-intensive applications and we require minimal place and route support to achieve good performance. Benchmark circuits taken from both the asynchronous and clocked design communities yield throughputs in the neighborhood of 300-400 MHz in a TSMC 0.25m process and 500-700 MHz in a TSMC 0.18m process.
John Teifel; Rajit Manohar
Highly Insulating Window Technology
Window Technology Window Technology Temperature differentials across a window, particularly with cold exterior environments in residential buildings, can lead to significant energy losses. Currently available low-emissivity coatings, gas-fills, and insulating frames provide significant energy savings over typical single or double glazed products. The EWC website provides information on how double glazed low-e gas-filled windows work as well as information on commercially available superwindows (three layer, multiple low-e coatings, high performance gas-fills). The next generation of highly insulating window systems will benefit from incremental improvements being made to current components (i.e. more insulating spacers and frame materials/designs, low-e coatings with improved performance properties). LBNL uses its experimental facilities and software tools to collaborate with window and glass industry representatives to better understand the impacts of new components on overall product performance.
Highly Insulating Windows - Cost
Cost Cost The following is an estimate of the cost effective incremental cost of highly-insulating windows (U-factor=0.20 Btu/hr-ft2-F) compared to regular ENERGY STAR windows (U-factor 0.35 Btu/hr-ft2-F). Energy savings from lower U-factors were simulated with RESFEN over an assumed useful window life of 25 years. To determine the maximum incremental cost at which highly-insulating windows would still be cost-effective, we used a formula used by many utility companies to calculate the cost of saved energy from energy efficiency programs, based on the programs' cost and savings. We turned this formula around so that the cost of saved energy equals the present energy prices in the studied locations, whereas the program cost (the incremental cost of the windows) is the dependent variable. By entering 5%
High voltage pulse conditioning
Apparatus for conditioning high voltage pulses from particle accelerators in order to shorten the rise times of the pulses. Flashover switches in the cathode stalk of the transmission line hold off conduction for a determinable period of time, reflecting the early portion of the pulses. Diodes upstream of the switches divert energy into the magnetic and electrostatic storage of the capacitance and inductance inherent to the transmission line until the switches close.
Stringfield, R.M.; Wheat, R.M. Jr.
High speed door assembly
This invention is comprised of a high speed door assembly, comprising an actuator cylinder and piston rods, a pressure supply cylinder and fittings, an electrically detonated explosive bolt, a honeycomb structured door, a honeycomb structured decelerator, and a structural steel frame encasing the assembly to close over a 3 foot diameter opening within 50 milliseconds of actuation, to contain hazardous materials and vapors within a test fixture.
Shapiro, C.
High current ion source
An ion source utilizing a cathode and anode for producing an electric arc therebetween. The arc is sufficient to vaporize a portion of the cathode to form a plasma. The plasma leaves the generation region and expands through another regon. The density profile of the plasma may be flattened using a magnetic field formed within a vacuum chamber. Ions are extracted from the plasma to produce a high current broad on beam.
Brown, Ian G. (1088 Woodside Rd., Berkeley, CA 94708); MacGill, Robert A. (645 Kern St., Richmond, CA 94805); Galvin, James E. (2 Commodore Dr. #276, Emeryville, CA 94608)
A generator for producing relatively large currents at high voltages is described. In general, the invention comprises a plurality of capacitors connected in series by a plurality of switches alternately disposed with the capacitors. The above-noted circuit is mounted for movement with respect to contact members and switch closure means so that a load device and power supply are connected across successive numbers of capacitors, while the other capacitors are successively charged with the same power supply.
Schwemin, A.J.
Springfield, Ray M. (Sante Fe, NM); Wheat, Jr., Robert M. (Los Alamos, NM)
A generator is presented for producing relatively large currents at high voltages. In general, the invention comprises a plurality of capacitors connected in series by a plurality of switches alternately disposed with the capacitors. The circuit is mounted for movement with respect to contact members and switch closure means so that a load device and power supply are connected across successive numbers of capacitors, while the other capacitors are successively charged with the same power supply.
Radiation Effects on a High Strength, High Conductivity Copper Alloy
Presentation Title, Radiation Effects on a High Strength, High Conductivity Copper ... of Zircaloy during Low Dose Neutron Irradiation at Nominally 375-440� C.
High pressure ceramic joint
Many recuperators have components which react to corrosive gases and are used in applications where the donor fluid includes highly corrosive gases. These recuperators have suffered reduced life, increased service or maintenance, and resulted in increased cost. The present joint when used with recuperators increases the use of ceramic components which do not react to highly corrosive gases. Thus, the present joint used with the present recuperator increases the life, reduces the service and maintenance, and reduces the increased cost associated with corrosive action of components used to manufacture recuperators. The present joint is comprised of a first ceramic member, a second ceramic member, a mechanical locking device having a groove defined in one of the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The joint and the mechanical locking device is further comprised of a refractory material disposed in the groove and contacting the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The present joint mechanically provides a high strength load bearing joint having good thermal cycling characteristics, good resistance to a corrosive environment and good steady state strength at elevated temperatures. 4 figures.
Ward, M.E.; Harkins, B.D.
A device is described for providing a source of molecular ions having a large output current and with an accelerated energy of the order of 600 kv. Ions are produced in an ion source which is provided with a water-cooled source grid of metal to effect maximum recombination of atomic ions to molecular ions. A very high accelerating voltage is applied to withdraw and accelerate the molecular ions from the source, and means are provided for dumping the excess electrons at the lowest possible potentials. An accelerating grid is placed adjacent to the source grid and a slotted, grounded accelerating electrode is placed adjacent to the accelerating grid. A potential of about 35 kv is maintained between the source grid and accelerating grid, and a potential of about 600 kv is maintained between the accelerating grid and accelerating electrode. In order to keep at a minimum the large number of oscillating electrons which are created when such high voltages are employed in the vicinity of a strong magnetic field, a plurality of high voltage cascaded shields are employed with a conventional electron dumping system being employed between each shield so as to dump the electrons at the lowest possible potential rather than at 600 kv.
Luce, J.S.
High temperature interfacial superconductivity
High-temperature superconductivity confined to nanometer-scale interfaces has been a long standing goal because of potential applications in electronic devices. The spontaneous formation of a superconducting interface in bilayers consisting of an insulator (La.sub.2CuO.sub.4) and a metal (La.sub.1-xSr.sub.xCuO.sub.4), neither of which is superconducting per se, is described. Depending upon the layering sequence of the bilayers, T.sub.c may be either .about.15 K or .about.30 K. This highly robust phenomenon is confined to within 2-3 nm around the interface. After exposing the bilayer to ozone, T.sub.c exceeds 50 K and this enhanced superconductivity is also shown to originate from a 1 to 2 unit cell thick interfacial layer. The results demonstrate that engineering artificial heterostructures provides a novel, unconventional way to fabricate stable, quasi two-dimensional high T.sub.c phases and to significantly enhance superconducting properties in other superconductors. The superconducting interface may be implemented, for example, in SIS tunnel junctions or a SuFET.
Bozovic, Ivan (Mount Sinai, NY); Logvenov, Gennady (Port Jefferson Station, NY); Gozar, Adrian Mihai (Port Jefferson, NY)
Many recuperators have components which react to corrosive gases and are used in applications where the donor fluid includes highly corrosive gases. These recuperators have suffered reduced life, increased service or maintenance, and resulted in increased cost. The present joint when used with recuperators increases the use of ceramic components which do not react to highly corrosive gases. Thus, the present joint used with the present recuperator increases the life, reduces the service and maintenance, and reduces the increased cost associated with corrosive action of components used to manufacture recuperators. The present joint is comprised of a first ceramic member, a second ceramic member, a mechanical locking device having a groove defined in one of the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The joint and the mechanical locking device is further comprised of a refractory material disposed in the groove and contacting the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The present joint mechanically provides a high strength load bearing joint having good thermal cycling characteristics, good resistance to a corrosive environment and good steady state strength at elevated temperatures.
Ward, Michael E. (Poway, CA); Harkins, Bruce D. (San Diego, CA)
High Performance Computing School COMSC
High Performance Computing School COMSC This module aims to provide the students with fundamental knowledge and understanding of techniques associated with High Performance Computing and its practical' skills in analysing and evaluating High Performance Computing and will be structured around
Martin, Ralph R.
Detachable high heel shoe construction
The goal on this investigation was to develop a detachable high heel shoe construction that could enter the current high heel market. The impact of high heel shoes on women's fashion is enormous but there are associated ...
Morales, Alfredo Louis
Relative effects of enthalpy and entropy on the phase stability of equiatomic high-entropy alloys
High configurational entropies have been hypothesized to stabilize solid solutions in equiatomic, multi-element alloys which have attracted much attention recently as high-entropy alloys with potentially interesting properties. To evaluate the usefulness of configurational entropy as a predictor of single-phase (solid solution) stability, we prepared five new equiatomic, quinary alloys by replacing individual elements one at a time in a CoCrFeMnNi alloy that was previously shown to be single-phase [1]. An implicit assumption here is that, if any one element is replaced by another, while keeping the total number of elements constant, the configurational entropy of the alloy is unchanged; therefore, the new alloys should also be single-phase. Additionally, the substitute elements that we chose, Ti for Co, Mo or V for Cr, V for Fe, and Cu for Ni, had the same room-temperature crystal structure and comparable size/electronegativity as the elements being replaced to maximize solid solubility consistent with the Hume-Rothery rules. For comparison, the base CoCrFeMnNi alloy was also prepared. After three-day anneals at elevated temperatures, multiple phases were observed in all but the base CoCrFeMnNi alloy suggesting that, by itself, configurational entropy is generally not able to override competing driving forces that also govern phase stability. Thermodynamic analyses were carried out for each of the constituent binaries in the investigated alloys (Co-Cr, Fe-Ni, Mo-Mn, etc,). Experimental results combined with the thermodynamic analyses suggest that, in general, enthalpy and non-configurational entropy have bigger influences on phase stability in equiatomic, multi-component alloys. Only when the alloy microstructure is a single-phase, approximately ideal solid solution does the contribution of configurational entropy to the total Gibbs free energy become dominant. Thus, high configurational entropy provides a way to rationalize, after the fact, why a solid solution forms (if it forms) but it is not a useful a priori predictor of which of the so-called high-entropy alloys will form single-phase solid solutions.
Otto, Frederik [ORNL; Yang, Ying [ORNL; Bei, Hongbin [ORNL; George, Easo P [ORNL
Research , Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, HighOffice of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy
Taylor, C.
High Performance Computing: Modeling & Simulation
High Performance Computing: Modeling & Simulation High Performance Computing: Modeling & Simulation Express Licensing Adaptive Real-Time Methodology for Optimizing Energy-Efficient...
LANL | Physics | High Energy Physics
Exploring high energy physics Physics Division scientists and engineers investigate the field of high energy physics through experiments that strengthen our fundamental...
Air Kerma - High Energy Xray
... such as high energy megavoltage x rays with peak voltages of at least 5 MV. Currently, air-kerma measurements at these high energies are not ...
This project investigated an efficient and low cost method of auto-thermally reforming natural gas to hydrogen and carbon monoxide. Reforming is the highest cost step in producing products such as methanol and Fisher Tropsch liquids (i.e., gas to liquids); and reducing the cost of reforming is the key to reducing the cost of these products. Steam reforming is expensive because of the high cost of the high nickel alloy reforming tubes (i.e., indirectly fired reforming tubes). Conventional auto-thermal or Partial Oxidation (POX) reforming minimizes the size and cost of the reformers and provides a near optimum mixture of CO and hydrogen. However POX requires pure oxygen, which consumes power and significantly increases the cost to reforming. Our high efficiency process extracts oxygen from low-pressure air with novel oxygen sorbent and transfers the oxygen to a nickel-catalyzed reformer. The syngas is generated at process pressure (typically 20 to 40 bar) without nitrogen dilution and has a 1CO to 2H{sub 2} ratio that is near optimum for the subsequent production of Fisher-Tropsch liquid to liquids and other chemicals (i.e., Gas to Liquids, GTL). Our high process efficiency comes from the way we transfer the oxygen into the reformer. All of the components of the process, except for the oxygen sorbent, are commonly used in commercial practice. A process based on a longlived, regenerable, oxygen transfer sorbent could substantially reduce the cost of natural gas reforming to syngas. Lower cost syngas (CO + 2H{sub 2}) that is the feedstock for GTL would reduce the cost of GTL and for other commercial applications (e.g., methanol, other organic chemicals). The vast gas resources of Alaska's North Slope (ANS) offer more than 22 Tcf of gas and GTL production in this application alone, and could account for as much as 300,000 to 700,000 bpd for 20 to 30+ years. We developed a new sorbent, which is an essential part of the High Efficiency Oxygen Process (HOP). We tested the sorbent and observed that it has both a good oxygen capacity and operates as a highly effective reforming catalyst. We conducted a long duration tests of the sorbent (1,500 hours of continuous operation in the HOP cycle). Although the sorbent lost some oxygen capacity with cycling, the sorbent oxygen capacity stabilized after 1,000 hours and remained constant to the end of the test, 1,500 hour. The activity of the catalyst to reform methane to a hydrogen and carbon monoxide mixture was unchanged through the oxidation/reduction cycling. Our cost and performance analyses indicated a significant reduction in the cost of GTL production when using the HOP process integrated into a GTL plant.
Robert J. Copeland; Yevgenia Gershanovich; Brian Windecker
A flywheel for operation at high speeds utilizes two or more ringlike coments arranged in a spaced concentric relationship for rotation about an axis and an expansion device interposed between the components for accommodating radial growth of the components resulting from flywheel operation. The expansion device engages both of the ringlike components, and the structure of the expansion device ensures that it maintains its engagement with the components. In addition to its expansion-accommodating capacity, the expansion device also maintains flywheel stiffness during flywheel operation.
McGrath, Stephen V. (Knoxville, TN)
High performance steam development
DOE has launched a program to make a step change in power plant to 1500 F steam, since the highest possible performance gains can be achieved in a 1500 F steam system when using a topping turbine in a back pressure steam turbine for cogeneration. A 500-hour proof-of-concept steam generator test module was designed, fabricated, and successfully tested. It has four once-through steam generator circuits. The complete HPSS (high performance steam system) was tested above 1500 F and 1500 psig for over 102 hours at full power.
Duffy, T.; Schneider, P.
High efficiency photoionization detector
A high efficiency photoionization detector is described using tetraaminoethylenes in a gaseous state having a low ionization potential and a relative photoionization cross section which closely matches the emission spectrum of xenon gas. Imaging proportional counters are also disclosed using the novel photoionization detector of the invention. The compound of greatest interest is TMAE which comprises tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene which has a measured ionization potential of 5.36 [+-] 0.02 eV, and a vapor pressure of 0.35 torr at 20 C. 6 figs.
Anderson, D.F.
A high efficiency photoionization detector using tetraaminoethylenes in a gaseous state having a low ionization potential and a relative photoionization cross section which closely matches the emission spectrum of xenon gas. Imaging proportional counters are also disclosed using the novel photoionization detector of the invention. The compound of greatest interest is TMAE which comprises tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene which has a measured ionization potential of 5.36.+-.0.02 eV, and a vapor pressure of 0.35 torr at 20.degree. C.
Anderson, David F. (3055 Trinity, Los Alamos, NM 87544)
High flux reactor
A high flux reactor is comprised of a core which is divided into two symetric segments housed in a pressure vessel. The core segments include at least one radial fuel plate. The spacing between the plates functions as a coolant flow channel. The core segments are spaced axially apart such that a coolant mixing plenum is formed between them. A channel is provided such that a portion of the coolant bypasses the first core section and goes directly into the mixing plenum. The outlet coolant from the first core segment is mixed with the bypass coolant resulting in a lower inlet temperature to the lower core segment.
Lake, James A. (Idaho Falls, ID); Heath, Russell L. (Idaho Falls, ID); Liebenthal, John L. (Idaho Falls, ID); DeBoisblanc, Deslonde R. (Summit, NJ); Leyse, Carl F. (Idaho Falls, ID); Parsons, Kent (Idaho Falls, ID); Ryskamp, John M. (Idaho Falls, ID); Wadkins, Robert P. (Idaho Falls, ID); Harker, Yale D. (Idaho Falls, ID); Fillmore, Gary N. (Idaho Falls, ID); Oh, Chang H. (Idaho Falls, ID)
0 0 22. High-energy collider parameters HIGH-ENERGY COLLIDER PARAMETERS: e + e - Colliders (I) The numbers here were received from representatives of the colliders in late 1999 (contact C.G. Wohl, LBNL). Many of the numbers of course change with time, and only the latest values (or estimates) are given here; those in brackets are for coming upgrades. Quantities are, where appropriate, r.m.s. H and V indicate horizontal and vertical directions. Parameters for the defunct SPEAR, DORIS, PETRA, PEP, and TRISTAN colliders may be found in our 1996 edition (Phys. Rev. D54, 1 July 1996, Part I). VEPP-2M (Novosibirsk) VEPP-2000 ∗ (Novosibirsk) VEPP-4M (Novosibirsk) BEPC (China) DAΦNE (Frascati) Physics start date 1974 2001 1994 1989 1999 Maximum beam energy (GeV) 0.7 1.0 6 2.2 0.510 (0.75 max.) Luminosity (10 30 cm -2 s -1 ) 5 100 50 10 at 2 GeV 5 at 1.55 GeV 50(→500) Time between collisions (µs)
High speed transient sampler
A high speed sampler comprises a meandered sample transmission line for transmitting an input signal, a straight strobe transmission line for transmitting a strobe signal, and a plurality of sampling gates along the transmission lines. The sampling gates comprise a four terminal diode bridge having a first strobe resistor connected from a first terminal of the bridge to the positive strobe line, a second strobe resistor coupled from the third terminal of the bridge to the negative strobe line, a tap connected to the second terminal of the bridge and to the sample transmission line, and a sample holding capacitor connected to the fourth terminal of the bridge. The resistance of the first and second strobe resistors is much higher than the signal transmission line impedance in the preferred system. This results in a sampling gate which applies a very small load on the sample transmission line and on the strobe generator. The sample holding capacitor is implemented using a smaller capacitor and a larger capacitor isolated from the smaller capacitor by resistance. The high speed sampler of the present invention is also characterized by other optimizations, including transmission line tap compensation, stepped impedance strobe line, a multi-layer physical layout, and unique strobe generator design. A plurality of banks of such samplers are controlled for concatenated or interleaved sample intervals to achieve long sample lengths or short sample spacing. 17 figs.
McEwan, T.E.
A high speed sampler comprises a meandered sample transmission line for transmitting an input signal, a straight strobe transmission line for transmitting a strobe signal, and a plurality of sampling gates along the transmission lines. The sampling gates comprise a four terminal diode bridge having a first strobe resistor connected from a first terminal of the bridge to the positive strobe line, a second strobe resistor coupled from the third terminal of the bridge to the negative strobe line, a tap connected to the second terminal of the bridge and to the sample transmission line, and a sample holding capacitor connected to the fourth terminal of the bridge. The resistance of the first and second strobe resistors is much higher than the signal transmission line impedance in the preferred system. This results in a sampling gate which applies a very small load on the sample transmission line and on the strobe generator. The sample holding capacitor is implemented using a smaller capacitor and a larger capacitor isolated from the smaller capacitor by resistance. The high speed sampler of the present invention is also characterized by other optimizations, including transmission line tap compensation, stepped impedance strobe line, a multi-layer physical layout, and unique strobe generator design. A plurality of banks of such samplers are controlled for concatenated or interleaved sample intervals to achieve long sample lengths or short sample spacing.
McEwan, Thomas E. (Livermore, CA)
High throughput optical scanner
A scanning apparatus is provided to obtain automated, rapid and sensitive scanning of substrate fluorescence, optical density or phosphorescence. The scanner uses a constant path length optical train, which enables the combination of a moving beam for high speed scanning with phase-sensitive detection for noise reduction, comprising a light source, a scanning mirror to receive light from the light source and sweep it across a steering mirror, a steering mirror to receive light from the scanning mirror and reflect it to the substrate, whereby it is swept across the substrate along a scan arc, and a photodetector to receive emitted or scattered light from the substrate, wherein the optical path length from the light source to the photodetector is substantially constant throughout the sweep across the substrate. The optical train can further include a waveguide or mirror to collect emitted or scattered light from the substrate and direct it to the photodetector. For phase-sensitive detection the light source is intensity modulated and the detector is connected to phase-sensitive detection electronics. A scanner using a substrate translator is also provided. For two dimensional imaging the substrate is translated in one dimension while the scanning mirror scans the beam in a second dimension. For a high throughput scanner, stacks of substrates are loaded onto a conveyor belt from a tray feeder.
Basiji, David A. (Seattle, WA); van den Engh, Gerrit J. (Seattle, WA)
High temperature thermometric phosphors
A high temperature phosphor consists essentially of a material having the general formula LuPO.sub.4 :Dy.sub.(x),Eu.sub.y) wherein: 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.20 wt % and 0.1 wt %.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.20 wt %. The high temperature phosphor is in contact with an article whose temperature is to be determined. The article having the phosphor in contact with it is placed in the environment for which the temperature of the article is to be determined. The phosphor is excited by a laser causing the phosphor to fluoresce. The emission from the phosphor is optically focused into a beam-splitting mirror which separates the emission into two separate emissions, the emission caused by the dysprosium dopant and the emission caused by the europium dopent. The separated emissions are optically filtered and the intensities of the emission are detected and measured. The ratio of the intensity of each emission is determined and the temperature of the article is calculated from the ratio of the intensities of the separate emissions.
Allison, Stephen W. (Knoxville, TN); Cates, Michael R. (Oak Ridge, TN); Boatner, Lynn A. (Oak Ridge, TN); Gillies, George T. (Earlysville, VA)
Highly Insulating Windows - Fram
Frames Frames Research performed at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology and LBNL has identified various highly insulating frame solutions. A report was released in 2007 describing some of these frames. This document reports the findings of a market and research review related to state-of-the-art highly insulating window frames. The market review focuses on window frames that satisfy the Passivhaus requirements (window U-value less or equal to 0.8 W/m2K ), while other examples are also given in order to show the variety of materials and solutions that may be used for constructing window frames with a low thermal transmittance (U-value). The market search shows that several combinations of materials are used in order to obtain window frames with a low U-value. The most common insulating material seems to be Polyurethane (PUR), which is used together with most of the common structural materials such as wood, aluminum, and PVC.
Y High-Resolution
Y Y High-Resolution . __ DO NOT M I C PET COVER for medical science studies Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory University of California September 1989 DlSTRlBUTlGN OF THIS DOCUMENT IS U#LIIY/ITEE Acknowledgments This booklet was prepared under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Health Effects Research, the National Institutes of Health, and the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory's Research Medicine and Radiation Biophysics Division. We thank Sarah Cahn and Douglas Vaughan for coordination of this booklet. esolution PET for Medical Science Studies Thomas F. Budinger Stephen E. Derenzo Ronald H. Huesman William J. Jagust Peter E. Valk CONTENTS A PET Primer Positron Emission Tomography: Evolution of a Technology 7 PET Theory: Emission, Detection, and Reconstruction
Highly Insulating Windows - Publ
Highly Insulating Windows - Publications Future Advanced Windows for Zero-Energy Homes, J. Apte, D. Arasteh, J. Huang, 2003 ASHRAE Annual Meeting, 2002 Nine representative window products are examined in eight representative U.S. climates. Annual energy and peak demand impacts are investigated. We conclude that a new generation of window products is necessary for zero-energy homes if windows are not to be an energy drain on these homes. Performance Criteria for Residential Zero Energy Windows, D. Arasteh, H. Goudey, J. Huang, C. Kohler, R. Mitchell, 2006, submitted to ASHRAE Through the use of whole house energy modeling, typical efficient products are evaluated in five US climates and compared against the requirements for ZEHs. Products which meet these needs are defined as a function of climate.
Highly stable pulse stretchers
Highly stable pulse stretchers are described that are designed for fine control of pulse duration in digital pulse shapers of nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers with a quantization step of 0.1 ..mu..sec. The fine-control range is 20-150 nsec. The stretchers employ a circuit to compensate for the logic-0 voltage and the time delays of the logic elements. The instability of the trailing-edge delay for a supply variation of +/- 0.5 V is less than 0.1%, and the temperature instability in the range of 20-80/sup 0/C is not over (60/t/sub d/)-0.3%, where t/sub d/ is the trailing-edge delay. The inputs and outputs of the pulse stretchers are matcher to TTL and Schottky TTL levels.
Svintenok, V.A.; Nikiforov, E.A.
High voltage feedthrough bushing
A feedthrough bushing for a high voltage diode provides for using compression sealing for all sealing surfaces. A diode assembly includes a central conductor extending through the bushing and a grading ring assembly circumferentially surrounding and coaxial with the central conductor. A flexible conductive plate extends between and compressively seals against the central conductor and the grading ring assembly, wherein the flexibility of the plate allows inner and outer portions of the plate to axially translate for compression sealing against the central conductor and the grading ring assembly, respectively. The inner portion of the plate is bolted to the central conductor for affecting sealing. A compression beam is also bolted to the central conductor and engages the outer portion of the plate to urge the outer portion toward the grading ring assembly to obtain compression sealing therebetween.
Brucker, J.P.
High Efficiency, Clean Combustion
Energy use in trucks has been increasing at a faster rate than that of automobiles within the U.S. transportation sector. According to the Energy Information Administration (EIA) Annual Energy Outlook (AEO), a 23% increase in fuel consumption for the U.S. heavy duty truck segment is expected between 2009 to 2020. The heavy duty vehicle oil consumption is projected to grow between 2009 and 2050 while light duty vehicle (LDV) fuel consumption will eventually experience a decrease. By 2050, the oil consumption rate by LDVs is anticipated to decrease below 2009 levels due to CAFE standards and biofuel use. In contrast, the heavy duty oil consumption rate is anticipated to double. The increasing trend in oil consumption for heavy trucks is linked to the vitality, security, and growth of the U.S. economy. An essential part of a stable and vibrant U.S. economy is a productive U.S. trucking industry. Studies have shown that the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP) is strongly correlated to freight transport. Over 90% of all U.S. freight tonnage is transported by diesel power and over 75% is transported by trucks. Given the vital role that the trucking industry plays in the economy, improving the efficiency of the transportation of goods was a central focus of the Cummins High Efficient Clean Combustion (HECC) program. In a commercial vehicle, the diesel engine remains the largest source of fuel efficiency loss, but remains the greatest opportunity for fuel efficiency improvements. In addition to reducing oil consumption and the dependency on foreign oil, this project will mitigate the impact on the environment by meeting US EPA 2010 emissions regulations. Innovation is a key element in sustaining a U.S. trucking industry that is competitive in global markets. Unlike passenger vehicles, the trucking industry cannot simply downsize the vehicle and still transport the freight with improved efficiency. The truck manufacturing and supporting industries are faced with numerous challenges to reduce oil consumption and greenhouse gases, meet stringent emissions regulations, provide customer value, and improve safety. The HECC program successfully reduced engine fuel consumption and greenhouse gases while providing greater customer valve. The US EPA 2010 emissions standard poses a significant challenge for developing clean diesel powertrains that meet the DoE Vehicle Technologies Multi-Year Program Plan (MYPP) for fuel efficiency improvement while remaining affordable. Along with exhaust emissions, an emphasis on heavy duty vehicle fuel efficiency is being driven by increased energy costs as well as the potential regulation of greenhouse gases. An important element of the success of meeting emissions while significantly improving efficiency is leveraging Cummins component technologies such as fuel injection equipment, aftertreatment, turbomahcinery, electronic controls, and combustion systems. Innovation in component technology coupled with system integration is enabling Cummins to move forward with the development of high efficiency clean diesel products with a long term goal of reaching a 55% peak brake thermal efficiency for the engine plus aftertreatment system. The first step in developing high efficiency clean products has been supported by the DoE co-sponsored HECC program. The objectives of the HECC program are: (1) To design and develop advanced diesel engine architectures capable of achieving US EPA 2010 emission regulations while improving the brake thermal efficiency by 10% compared to the baseline (a state of the art 2007 production diesel engine). (2) To design and develop components and subsystems (fuel systems, air handling, controls, etc) to enable construction and development of multi-cylinder engines. (3) To perform an assessment of the commercial viability of the newly developed engine technology. (4) To specify fuel properties conducive to improvements in emissions, reliability, and fuel efficiency for engines using high-efficiency clean combustion (HECC) technologies. To demonstrate the technology is compatible with B2
Donald Stanton
This patent relates to high voltage supply circuits adapted for providing operating voltages for GeigerMueller counter tubes, and is especially directed to an arrangement for maintaining uniform voltage under changing conditions of operation. In the usual power supply arrangement for counter tubes the counter voltage is taken from across the power supply output capacitor. If the count rate exceeds the current delivering capaciiy of the capacitor, the capacitor voltage will drop, decreasing the counter voltage. The present invention provides a multivibrator which has its output voltage controlled by a signal proportional to the counting rate. As the counting rate increases beyond the current delivering capacity of the capacitor, the rectified voltage output from the multivibrator is increased to maintain uniform counter voltage.
Zito, G.V.
High energy photon emission
The primary goal of this work was to initiate the use of BaF2 arrays for detection of high energy photon emission from nuclear reactions. A beam from the Texas A&M University K-500 Superconducting Cyclotron, and a variety of detectors for hard photons, neutrons, charged particles, and fission fragments were used to study the reaction 160 + 238 U at a projectile energy of 50 MeV/u. Inverse slope values of the photon spectra were extracted for inclusive data and data of higher multiplicities at angles of 90' and 135'. Two 19-element barium fluoride (BaF2) arrays, an array of liquid scintillation fast neutron detectors and plastic scintillation charged-particle veto detectors, together with a silicon-cesium iodide (Si-CsI) telescope and a silicon fission fragment detector allowed the possibility of impact parameter selection through neutron and charged particle multiplicities. The associated multiplicity distributions of photon and fast neutron triggers were compared at 30' and 90' angles. The hardware and electronics layout of the experimental set up are described. Fundamental properties of the various detectors are explained and typical spectra are shown as examples for each detector system. The data acquisition and data compression is described in Chap. III, and followed by the calibration methods used for the BaF2 and Nal(TI) detectors. A description of a dynamic pedestal (zero level) correction mechanism, is followed by a description of several cosmic ray background reduction methods, including the highly effective centrality condition. A summary is given to compare the various methods. After a description of the other types of detectors used in the experiment, an example is given how the final photon spectra were produced. In Chap. IV the measured results are presented and compared to those in the literature. The last chapter provides the conclusions of this work.
Jabs, Harry
High Performance Buildings Database
DOE Data Explorer (OSTI)
The High Performance Buildings Database is a shared resource for the building industry. The Database, developed by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), is a unique central repository of in-depth information and data on high-performance, green building projects across the United States and abroad. The Database includes information on the energy use, environmental performance, design process, finances, and other aspects of each project. Members of the design and construction teams are listed, as are sources for additional information. In total, up to twelve screens of detailed information are provided for each project profile. Projects range in size from small single-family homes or tenant fit-outs within buildings to large commercial and institutional buildings and even entire campuses.
The Database is a data repository as well. A series of Web-based data-entry templates allows anyone to enter information about a building project into the database. Once a project has been submitted, each of the partner organizations can review the entry and choose whether or not to publish that particular project on its own Web site. Early partners using the database include:
Copied (then edited) from http://eere.buildinggreen.com/partnering.cfm
Forecasting for airline network revenue management : revenue and competitive impacts
Airline revenue management entails protecting enough seats for late-booking, high-fare passengers while still selling seats which would have otherwise gone empty at discounted fares to earlier-booking customers. In the ...
Zickus, Jeffrey S.
A literature review of coupled thermal-hydrologic-mechanical-chemical processes pertinent to the proposed high-level nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain
A literature review has been conducted to determine the state of knowledge available in the modeling of coupled thermal (T), hydrologic (H), mechanical (M), and chemical (C) processes relevant to the design and/or performance of the proposed high-level waste (HLW) repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The review focuses on identifying coupling mechanisms between individual processes and assessing their importance (i.e., if the coupling is either important, potentially important, or negligible). The significance of considering THMC-coupled processes lies in whether or not the processes impact the design and/or performance objectives of the repository. A review, such as reported here, is useful in identifying which coupled effects will be important, hence which coupled effects will need to be investigated by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission in order to assess the assumptions, data, analyses, and conclusions in the design and performance assessment of a geologic reposit``. Although this work stems from regulatory interest in the design of the geologic repository, it should be emphasized that the repository design implicitly considers all of the repository performance objectives, including those associated with the time after permanent closure. The scope of this review is considered beyond previous assessments in that it attempts with the current state-of-knowledge) to determine which couplings are important, and identify which computer codes are currently available to model coupled processes.
Manteufel, R.D.; Ahola, M.P.; Turner, D.R.; Chowdhury, A.H. [Southwest Research Inst., San Antonio, TX (United States). Center for Nuclear Waste Regulatory Analyses
High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test
High Temperature High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test Facilities for Metal Dusting Test Facilities for Metal Dusting Overview Other Facilities Work with Argonne Contact us For Employees Site Map Help Join us on Facebook Follow us on Twitter NE on Flickr High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test Facilities for Metal Dusting Six corrosion test facilities and two thermogravimetric systems for conducting corrosion tests in complex mixed gas environments, in steam and in the presence of deposits, and five facilities for metal dusting degradation Bookmark and Share The High Temperature Corrosion Test Facilities and High Pressure Test Facilities for Metal Dusting include: High Pressure Test Facility for Metal Dusting Resistance:
Functionalized High Voltage Spinel Composite for High Power ...
Recently, spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 with high working voltage and long cycle life makes it become the one of most promising cathode for high power delivery.
High Performance Network Monitoring
Network Monitoring requires a substantial use of data and error analysis to overcome issues with clusters. Zenoss and Splunk help to monitor system log messages that are reporting issues about the clusters to monitoring services. Infiniband infrastructure on a number of clusters upgraded to ibmon2. ibmon2 requires different filters to report errors to system administrators. Focus for this summer is to: (1) Implement ibmon2 filters on monitoring boxes to report system errors to system administrators using Zenoss and Splunk; (2) Modify and improve scripts for monitoring and administrative usage; (3) Learn more about networks including services and maintenance for high performance computing systems; and (4) Gain a life experience working with professionals under real world situations. Filters were created to account for clusters running ibmon2 v1.0.0-1 10 Filters currently implemented for ibmon2 using Python. Filters look for threshold of port counters. Over certain counts, filters report errors to on-call system administrators and modifies grid to show local host with issue.
Martinez, Jesse E [Los Alamos National Laboratory
UESC and High Tech Facilities
Federal Energy Management Program UESC and High Tech Facilities Charles Williams, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab 2 | FUPWG April 2012 High Tech Building UESC Partnership Leveraging Technical Potential, Market Opportunity, Program Resources * Energy-intensive facilities with high savings potential * PG&E service territory - high concentration of high-technology buildings * PG&E UESC program, new and growing * DOE FEMP programs for UESC and High-Tech Buildings * LBNL expertise in labs, data centers, clean rooms * LBNL support for UESC program * UESC potential for innovation * Presidential "We Can't Wait $2 Billion challenge to Federal agencies 3 | FUPWG April 2012 UESC project support at LBNLL Training /Education
Ultra high vacuum broad band high power microwave window
An improved high vacuum microwave window has been developed that utilizes high density polyethylene coated on two sides with SiOx, SiNx, or a combination of the two. The resultant low dielectric and low loss tangent window creates a low outgassing, low permeation seal through which broad band, high power microwave energy may be passed. No matching device is necessary and the sealing technique is simple. The features of the window are broad band transmission, ultra-high vacuum compatibility with a simple sealing technique, low voltage standing wave ratio, high power transmission and low cost.
Nguyen-Tuong, Viet (Seaford, VA); Dylla, III, Henry Frederick (Yorktown, VA)
An improved high vacuum microwave window has been developed that utilizes high density polyethylene coated on two sides with SiOx, SiNx, or a combination of the two. The resultant low dielectric and low loss tangent window creates a low outgassing, low permeation seal through which broad band, high power microwave energy may be passed. No matching device is necessary and the sealing technique is simple. The features of the window are broad band transmission, ultra-high vacuum compatibility with a simple sealing technique, low voltage standing wave ratio, high power transmission and low cost. 5 figs.
Nguyen-Tuong, V.; Dylla, H.F. III
Introduction to High Performance Computing
Introduction to High Performance Computing Introduction to High Performance Computing June 10, 2013 Photo on 7 30 12 at 7.10 AM Downloads Download File Gerber-HPC-2.pdf...
High Temperature Shape Memory Alloys
Mar 5, 2013 ... Shape Memory Response of NiTiHfPd High Strength and High Hysteresis Shape Memory Alloys: Emre Acar1; Haluk Karaca1; Hirobumi Tobe1;�...
High Speed Particle Image Velocimetry
This patent application discloses a novel method to simultaneously track the motion of high numbers of object images under extreme, high concen-tration conditions. Although the software is designed to simultaneously track large numbers of particle ...
High-Resolution Separations Technologies
... gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) provides relatively high efficiency separations, the analysis of some complex, natural-matrix ...
High Performance Computing contributions to
High Performance Computing contributions to DoD Mission Success 2002 #12;Approved for public/C nanotube in a field emitter configuration #12;HIGH PERFORMANCE COMPUTING contributions tocontributions SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 3 Overview of the High Performance Computing Modernization Program 3
High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Guidance | Department...
High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Guidance High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Guidance High Performance and Sustainable Buildings Guidance More Documents &...
High Temperature Superconductivity Partners | Department of Energy
High Temperature Superconductivity Partners High Temperature Superconductivity Partners Map showing DOE's partnersstakeholders in the High Temperature Superconductivity Program...
High pressure-high temperature effect on the HTSC ceramics structure and properties
Keywords: high pressures-high temperatures, high temperature superconductors, mechanical properties, structure, superconductive
T. A. Prikhna
Highlighting High Performance: Whitman Hanson Regional High School; Whitman, Massachusetts
This brochure describes the key high-performance building features of the Whitman-Hanson Regional High School. The brochure was paid for by the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative as part of their Green Schools Initiative. High-performance features described are daylighting and energy-efficient lighting, indoor air quality, solar and wind energy, building envelope, heating and cooling systems, water conservation, and acoustics. Energy cost savings are also discussed.
Soft Magnetic Materials for High Power and High Frequency Power ...
Symposium, Advanced Materials for Power Electronics, Power Conditioning, and ... are in high demand for the next generation of miniaturized power electronics.
Real Time Synchrotron Radiography of High Temperature High ...
... Magnetic Composite Materials � X-Ray Studies of Structural Effects Induced by Pulsed (30 Tesla), High Magnetic Fields at the Advanced Photon Source�...
High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting | Open Energy Information
source source History View New Pages Recent Changes All Special Pages Semantic Search/Querying Get Involved Help Apps Datasets Community Login | Sign Up Search Page Edit History Facebook icon Twitter icon » High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting Jump to: navigation, search Geothermal ARRA Funded Projects for High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting Loading map... {"format":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"limit":200,"offset":0,"link":"all","sort":[""],"order":[],"headers":"show","mainlabel":"","intro":"","outro":"","searchlabel":"\u2026
High resolution time interval meter
Method and apparatus are provided for measuring the time interval between two events to a higher resolution than reliability available from conventional circuits and component. An internal clock pulse is provided at a frequency compatible with conventional component operating frequencies for reliable operation. Lumped constant delay circuits are provided for generating outputs at delay intervals corresponding to the desired high resolution. An initiation START pulse is input to generate first high resolution data. A termination STOP pulse is input to generate second high resolution data. Internal counters count at the low frequency internal clock pulse rate between the START and STOP pulses. The first and second high resolution data are logically combined to directly provide high resolution data to one counter and correct the count in the low resolution counter to obtain a high resolution time interval measurement.
Martin, A.D.
High voltage variable diameter insulator
A high voltage feedthrough assembly (10) having a tubular insulator (15) extending between the ground plane ring (16) and the high voltage ring (30). The insulator (15) is made of Pyrex and decreases in diameter from the ground plane ring (16) to the high voltage ring (30), producing equipotential lines almost perpendicular to the wall (27) of the insulator (15) to optimize the voltage-holding capability of the feedthrough assembly (10).
Vanecek, David L. (Martinez, CA); Pike, Chester D. (Pinole, CA)
NUCLEAR RESONANT SCATTERING AT HIGH PRESSURE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE JIYONG ZHAOa,�? , WOLFGANG, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA We introduce the combination of nuclear resonant inelastic X the thermal radiation spectra fitted to the Planck radiation function up to 1700 K. Nuclear resonant
Shen, Guoyin
Thrusts in High Performance Computing
in HPC 1 Thrusts in High Performance Computing Science at Scale Petaflops to Exaflops Science through Volume Thousands to Millions of Simulations Science in Data Petabytes to...
High Temperature and Electrical Properties
Mar 5, 2013... and Nanomaterials: High Temperature and Electrical Properties ... thermomechanical (or in cyclic power) loading of electronic devices is an�...
Highly Enriched Uranium Transparency Program
and Climate Research Center for Geospatial Analysis Program Highlights Index Highly Enriched Uranium Transparency Program EVS staff members helped to implement transparency and...
Transport current properties in bias fields for the other magnet with the outer ... Two obstacles to high field Jc over long lengths are poor flux pinning and�...
Recently the high tensile strength conductor 100 m long was successfully fabricated and wound for the energizing test at 21 Tesla back up filed. The coil was�...
Fractography of High Strength Silicon
Splitting Tension Test on High-Strength Concretes Studied by Artificial Intelligence and Response Surface Analysis � Spring Failures -The Role of Corrosion in�...
High Pressure Studies of Superconductivity.
??Superconductivity has been studied extensively since it was first discovered over 100 years ago. High pressure studies, in particular, have been vital in furthering our� (more)
Hillier, Narelle Jayne
Nb Interstitial Free High - TMS
Sep 16, 2007 ... Effect of Aluminum Content on the Mechanical Properties of Dual Stabilized Ti- Nb Interstitial Free High Strength Steel (IF-HSS) by Heejae�...
Problems in High Energy Astrophysics
This contribution discusses some of the main problems in high energy astrophysics, and the perspectives to solve them using different types of "messengers": cosmic rays, photons and neutrinos
Lipari, Paolo
Paolo Lipari
IDD High Performance Resilience Program
... construction issues related to: Blast, earthquake, high wind, and flood resistance, and cyber ... 3D propagation ? FLEX finite element software is ...
High-Activity Dealloyed Catalysts
2 fuel cells - Demonstrate durability of the kinetic mass activity against DOE- specified voltage cycling tests in fuel cells - Achieve high current density performance in H 2 air...
Ultra High Temperature Ceramic Composites
Oct 9, 2012 ... These ceramics, often combined with 20-30% SiC, have been studied extensively in monolithic form, demonstrating excellent high-temperature�...
High Performance Computing and Visualization Group ...
High Performance Computing and Visualization Group. Welcome. The High Performance Computing and Visualization Group. ...
Sequential suppression of quarkonia and high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
According to the usual application of the sequential-suppression picture to the dynamics of heavy quarkonia in the hot medium formed in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions, quark-antiquark pairs created in a given bound or unbound state remain in that same state as the medium evolves. We argue that this scenario implicitly assumes an adiabatic evolution of the quarkonia, and we show that the validity of the adiabaticity assumption is questionable.
Dutta, Nirupam
High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting For Enhanced Geothermal Systems Project Type / Topic 1 Recovery Act: Enhanced Geothermal Systems Component Research and Development/Analysis Project Type / Topic 2 High-Temperature-High-Volume Lifting Project Description The proposed scope of work is divided into three Phases. Overall system requirements will be established in Phase 1, along with an evaluation of existing lifting system capability, identification of technology limitations, and a conceptual design of an overall lifting system. In developing the system components in Phase 2, component-level tests will be conducted using GE facilities. Areas of development will include high-temperature drive system materials, journal and thrust bearings, and corrosion and erosion-resistant lifting pump components. Finally, in Phase 3, the overall lab-scale lifting system will be demonstrated in a flow loop that will be constructed at GE Global Research.
High Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal
Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Wells Geothermal Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title High Temperature, High Pressure Devices for Zonal Isolation in Geothermal Wells Project Type / Topic 1 Recovery Act: Enhanced Geothermal Systems Component Research and Development/Analysis Project Type / Topic 2 Zonal Isolation Project Description For Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS), high-temperature high-pressure zonal isolation tools capable of withstanding the downhole environment are needed. In these wells the packers must withstand differential pressures of 5,000 psi at more than 300°C, as well as pressures up to 20,000 psi at 200°C to 250°C. Furthermore, when deployed these packers and zonal isolation tools must form a reliable seal that eliminates fluid loss and mitigates short circuiting of flow from injectors to producers. At this time, general purpose open-hole packers do not exist for use in geothermal environments, with the primary technical limitation being the poor stability of existing elastomeric seals at high temperatures.
In today's highly competitive marketplace,
today's highly competitive marketplace, rapid creation today's highly competitive marketplace, rapid creation and commercialization of scientific advances and innovative technologies are key to the continued prosperity of the United States. Scientists and engineers at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) have achieved numerous science and technology breakthroughs that have led to new industries, spurred economic growth and benefited the national welfare.
High temperature electronic gain device
An integrated thermionic device suitable for use in high temperature, high radiation environments. Cathode and control electrodes are deposited on a first substrate facing an anode on a second substrate. The substrates are sealed to a refractory wall and evacuated to form an integrated triode vacuum tube.
McCormick, J. Byron (Los Alamos, NM); Depp, Steven W. (Los Alamos, NM); Hamilton, Douglas J. (Tucson, AZ); Kerwin, William J. (Tucson, AZ)
Electrokinetically pumped high pressure sprays
An electrokinetic pump capable of producing high pressure is combined with a nozzle having a submicron orifice to provide a high pressure spray device. Because of its small size, the device can be contained within medical devices such as an endoscope for delivering biological materials such as DNA, chemo therapeutic agents, or vaccines to tissues and cells.
Schoeniger, Joseph S. (Oakland, CA); Paul, Phillip H. (Livermore, CA); Schoeniger, Luke (Pittsford, NY)
High temperature lightweight foamed cements
Cement slurries are disclosed which are suitable for use in geothermal wells since they can withstand high temperatures and high pressures. The formulation consists of cement, silica flour, water, a retarder, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and a reinforcing agent. A process for producing these cements is also disclosed. 3 figs.
Sugama, Toshifumi.
Cement slurries are disclosed which are suitable for use in geothermal wells since they can withstand high temperatures and high pressures. The formulation consists of cement, silica flour, water, a retarder, a foaming agent, a foam stabilizer, and a reinforcing agent. A process for producing these cements is also disclosed.
Sugama, Toshifumi (Mastic Beach, NY)
Fundamentals of high pressure adsorption
High-pressure adsorption attracts research interests following the world's attention to alternative fuels, and it exerts essential effect on the study of hydrogen/methane storage and the development of novel materials addressing to the storage. However, theoretical puzzles in high-pressure adsorption hindered the progress of application studies. Therefore, the present paper addresses the major theoretical problems that challenged researchers: i.e., how to model the isotherms with maximum observed in high-pressure adsorption; what is the adsorption mechanism at high pressures; how do we determine the quantity of absolute adsorption based on experimental data. Ideology and methods to tackle these problems are elucidated, which lead to new insights into the nature of high-pressure adsorption and progress in application studies, for example, in modeling multicomponent adsorption, hydrogen storage, natural gas storage, and coalbed methane enrichment, was achieved.
Zhou, Y.P.; Zhou, L. [Tianjin University, Tianjin (China). High Pressure Adsorption Laboratory
High-Efficiency Steam Electrolyzer
We are developing a novel high-efficiency, high-temperature steam electrolyzer. Although water or steam electrolysis is well known to be one of the cleanest ways to produce hydrogen, widespread utilization is hindered by high operational costs because of high electricity consumption. To decrease the electrical power input requirements in electrolysis, our approach uses natural gas as an anode depolarizer. This approach essentially replaces one unit of electricity with one equivalent-energy unit of natural gas at much lower cost. The direct use of natural gas on the electrolyzer enables very high system efficiency with respect to primary energy. Experiments performed on single cells have shown a voltage reduction as much as 1 V when compared to conventional electrolyzers. System efficiency has been estimated to be 50 to 80%, depending on the electrolytic current. A 200-W prototype unit is being developed.
Pham, A Q
High Temperature | Open Energy Information
Temperature Temperature Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Print PDF Sanyal Temperature Classification: High Temperature Dictionary.png High Temperature: No definition has been provided for this term. Add a Definition Sanyal Temp Classification This temperature scheme was developed by Sanyal in 2005 at the request of DOE and GEA, as reported in Classification of Geothermal Systems: A Possible Scheme. Extremely Low Temperature Very Low Temperature Low Temperature Moderate Temperature High Temperature Ultra High Temperature Steam Field Reservoir fluid between 230°C and 300°C is considered by Sanyal to be "high temperature." "Above a temperature level of 230°C, the reservoir would be expected to become two-phase at some point during exploitation. The next higher
High Technology and Industrial Systems
Semiconductor clean room Semiconductor clean room High Technology and Industrial Systems EETD's research on high technology buildings and industrial systems is aimed at reducing energy consumed by the industrial sector in manufacturing facilities, including high technology industries such as data centers, cleanrooms in the such industries as electronics and pharmaceutical manufacturing, and laboratories, improving the competitiveness of U.S. industry. Contacts William Tschudi firstname.lastname@example.com (510) 495-2417 Aimee McKane email@example.com (518) 782-7002 Links High-Performance Buildings for High-Tech Industries Industrial Energy Analysis Batteries and Fuel Cells Buildings Energy Efficiency Applications Commercial Buildings Cool Roofs and Heat Islands Demand Response Energy Efficiency Program and Market Trends
000 000 Highlights International Oil Markets Prices. We have found little need to adjust our oil price forecast from last month's report, since no evidence of significantly more bullish (or bearish) sentiment on the world oil market has arisen since last month. Our estimate from the December Outlook for the November imported oil cost still looks good at $23.50 and our current estimate for December's price at $24.75 is only slightly above last month's expected December level ($24.50). Thus, annual average prices remain, in our view, on a pace to show $5-per- barrel increases in both 1999 and 2000 (Figure 1). This pattern masks the more salient aspect of the forecast, which calls for steadily (but gradually) declining prices through 2000 and into 2001 when looking ahead by month from where we are today (Figure 2).
December 1999 December 1999 Highlights International Oil Markets Prices. World oil prices for the remainder of 1999 and all of 2000 are expected to remain above $20 per barrel. EIA believes that prices will rise from average November levels (an estimated $23.50 per barrel for the price paid by U.S. refiners for imported crude) by about $1 per barrel by December, due to increased demand in the winter and Y2K precautionary building of end-user inventories (see a brief discussion on Y2K impacts below). The world oil price is then expected to dip slightly to an average of $24.00 per barrel in January 2000 as the peak of the winter stock build passes before gradually declining to $20.50 per barrel by December 2000. This forecast assumes that OPEC compliance remains relatively strong
High Frequency High Power RF Generation using a Relativistic...
FREQUENCY HIGH POWER RF GENERATION USING A RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAM C. Jing , S. Antipov, P. Schoessow, and A. Kanareykin, Euclid Techlabs LLC, Solon, OH-44139 J.G. Power, M....
High-Pressure Hydrogen Tanks
February 8 February 8 th , 2005 Mark J. Warner, P.E. Principal Engineer Quantum Technologies, Inc. Irvine, CA Low Cost, High Efficiency, Low Cost, High Efficiency, High Pressure Hydrogen Storage High Pressure Hydrogen Storage This presentation does not contain any proprietary or confidential information. 70 MPa Composite Tanks Vent Line Ports Defueling Port (optional) Fill Port Filter Check Valve Vehicle Interface Bracket with Stone Shield In Tank Regulator with Solenoid Lock-off Pressure Relief Device Manual Valve Compressed Hydrogen Storage System In-Tank Regulator Pressure Sensor (not visible here) Pressure Relief Device (thermal) In Tank Gas Temperature Sensor Carbon Composite Shell (structural) Impact Resistant Outer Shell (damage resistant) Gas Outlet Solenoid Foam Dome (impact protection)
High temperature structural insulating material
A high temperature structural insulating material useful as a liner for cylinders of high temperature engines through the favorable combination of high service temperature (above about 800/sup 0/C), low thermal conductivity (below about 0.2 W/m/sup 0/C), and high compressive strength (above about 250 psi). The insulating material is produced by selecting hollow ceramic beads with a softening temperature above about 800/sup 0/C, a diameter within the range of 20-200 ..mu..m, and a wall thickness in the range of about 2 to 4 ..mu..m; compacting the beads and a compatible silicate binder composition under pressure and sintering conditions to provide the desired structural form with the structure having a closed-cell, compact array of bonded beads.
Chen, W.Y.
Security tasks are highly interdependent.
Motivation Security tasks are highly interdependent. To improve security tools, we need to understand how security practitioners collaborate in their organizations. Security practitioners in context Exchange of Information Develop security tools that: · Integrate information from different communication
Research in High Energy Physics
This final report details the work done from January 2010 until April 2013 in the area of experimental and theoretical high energy particle physics and cosmology at the University of California, Davis.
Conway, John S.
The High-Radon Project
indoor radon concentrations across the United States. The purpose of this work is to help state and other agencies identify high-radon counties and areas more precisely so that...
High compression rate text summarization
This thesis focuses on methods for condensing large documents into highly concise summaries, achieving compression rates on par with human writers. While the need for such summaries in the current age of information overload ...
Branavan, Satchuthananthavale Rasiah Kuhan
High-Intensity Discharge Lighting
High-intensity discharge (HID) lighting provides the highest efficacy and longest service life of any lighting type. It can save 75%-90% of lighting energy when it replaces incandescent lighting.
High pressure synthesis gas fermentation
The construction of the high pressure gas phase fermentation system has been completed. Photographs of the various components of the system are presented, along with an operating procedure for the equipment.
High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters
High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters Home Standards DOE Workshops Nuclear Air Cleaning Conference Proceedings Qualified Filter List News Items Related Sites HEPA Related Lessons Learned Contact Us HSS Logo High Efficiency Particulate Air Filters The HEPA Filter web site provides a forum for informing and reporting department-wide activities related to filtration and ventilation issues with special reference to the High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters' use, inspection, and testing. This site contains essentials of DOE HEPA filter test program, procedures, requirements and quality assurance aspects applicable to HEPA filters used in DOE facilities. This site contains information about the DOE-accepted Filter Test Facility and its management, operation and quality assuranceprogram.
Computational biology and high performance computing
Biology and High Performance Computing Manfred Zorn, TeresaBiology and High Performance Computing Presenters: Manfred99-Portland High performance computing has become one of the
Shoichet, Brian
High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: Events
Events to someone by E-mail Share High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: Events on Facebook Tweet about High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: Events on Twitter Bookmark High...
High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: News
News to someone by E-mail Share High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: News on Facebook Tweet about High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: News on Twitter Bookmark High...
High average power pockels cell
A high average power pockels cell is disclosed which reduces the effect of thermally induced strains in high average power laser technology. The pockels cell includes an elongated, substantially rectangular crystalline structure formed from a KDP-type material to eliminate shear strains. The X- and Y-axes are oriented substantially perpendicular to the edges of the crystal cross-section and to the C-axis direction of propagation to eliminate shear strains.
Daly, Thomas P. (Pleasanton, CA)
High-temperature ceramic receivers
An advanced ceramic dome cavity receiver is discussed which heats pressurized gas to temperatures above 1800/sup 0/F (1000/sup 0/C) for use in solar Brayton power systems of the dispersed receiver/dish or central receiver type. Optical, heat transfer, structural, and ceramic material design aspects of the receiver are reported and the development and experimental demonstration of a high-temperature seal between the pressurized gas and the high-temperature silicon carbide dome material is described.
Jarvinen, P. O.
High resolution, high rate x-ray spectrometer
It is an object of the invention to provide a pulse processing system for use with detected signals of a wide dynamic range which is capable of very high counting rates, with high throughput, with excellent energy resolution and a high signal-to-noise ratio. It is a further object to provide a pulse processing system wherein the fast channel resolving time is quite short and substantially independent of the energy of the detected signals. Another object is to provide a pulse processing system having a pile-up rejector circuit which will allow the maximum number of non-interfering pulses to be passed to the output. It is also an object of the invention to provide new methods for generating substantially symmetrically triangular pulses for use in both the main and fast channels of a pulse processing system.
Goulding, F.S.; Landis, D.A.
High-temperature alloys for high-power thermionic systems
The need for structural materials with useful strength above 1600 k has stimulated interest in refractory-metal alloys. Tungsten possesses an extreme high modulus of elasticity as well as the highest melting temperature among metals, and hence is being considered as one of the most promising candidate materials for high temperature structural applications such as space nuclear power systems. This report is divided into three chapters covering the following: (1) the processing of tungsten base alloys; (2) the tensile properties of tungsten base alloys; and (3) creep behavior of tungsten base alloys. Separate abstracts were prepared for each chapter. (SC)
Shin, Kwang S.; Jacobson, D.L.; D'cruz, L.; Luo, Anhua; Chen, Bor-Ling.
High modulus carbon fiber/titanium laminates
Titanium has been used to meet ever-stricter standards for high-temperature performance, creep resistance, low weight and high strength. Having low density, a high melting point, and high tensile strength, it seems like ...
Tsang, Lina
No. 117. (1993). Financial statements of not-for-profitin institutional financial statements (Allan, 1999a). Theof institutional financial statement line items or ratios
High resolution digital delay timer
Method and apparatus are provided for generating an output pulse following a trigger pulse at a time delay interval preset with a resolution which is high relative to a low resolution available from supplied clock pulses. A first lumped constant delay (20) provides a first output signal (24) at predetermined interpolation intervals corresponding to the desired high resolution time interval. Latching circuits (26, 28) latch the high resolution data (24) to form a first synchronizing data set (60). A selected time interval has been preset to internal counters (142, 146, 154) and corrected for circuit propagation delay times having the same order of magnitude as the desired high resolution. Internal system clock pulses (32, 34) count down the counters to generate an internal pulse delayed by an interval which is functionally related to the preset time interval. A second LCD (184) corrects the internal signal with the high resolution time delay. A second internal pulse is then applied to a third LCD (74) to generate a second set of synchronizing data (76) which is complementary with the first set of synchronizing data (60) for presentation to logic circuits (64). The logic circuits (64) further delay the internal output signal (72) to obtain a proper phase relationship of an output signal (80) with the internal pulses (32, 34). The final delayed output signal (80) thereafter enables the output pulse generator (82) to produce the desired output pulse (84) at the preset time delay interval following input of the trigger pulse (10, 12).
Martin, Albert D. (Los Alamos, NM)
We are developing a novel high-efficiency, high-temperature steam electrolyzer. Although water or steam electrolysis is well known to be one of the cleanest ways to produce hydrogen, widespread utilization is hindered by high operational costs because of high electricity consumption. To decrease the electrical power input requirements in electrolysis, our approach uses natural gas as an anode depolarizer. This approach essentially replaces one unit of electricity with one equivalent-energy unit of natural gas at much lower cost. The direct use of natural gas on the electrolyzer enables very high system efficiency with respect to primary energy. Experiments performed on single cells have shown a voltage reduction as much as 1 V when compared to conventional electrolyzers. System efficiency has been estimated to be 50 to 80%, depending on the electrolytic current density. During FY02, we have accomplished several major milestones, including the development of a metal-to-ceramic seal that withstands 150 psi differential, the fabrication of the electrolyzer tubes of up to 16 inches in length, the improvement of single tube performance and the demonstration of the first electrolyzer stack.
Pham, A Q; See, E; Lenz, D; Martin, P; Glass, R
High quality factor and high confinement silicon resonators using
waveguides," IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett. 8, 647648 (1996). 4. I. Kiyat, A. Aydinli, and N. Dagli, "High-Q. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 12, 16781687 (2006). 2. Y. Okawachi, A. Gaeta, and M. Lipson. Xiao, M. H. Khan, H. Shen, and M. Qi, "Compact silicon microring resonators with ultra-low propagation
Lipson, Michal
High thermal conductivity connector having high electrical isolation
A method and article for providing a low-thermal-resistance, high-electrical-isolation heat intercept connection. The connection method involves clamping, by thermal interference fit, an electrically isolating cylinder between an outer metallic ring and an inner metallic disk. The connection provides durable coupling of a heat sink and a heat source.
Nieman, Ralph C. (Downers Grove, IL); Gonczy, John D. (Oak Lawn, IL); Nicol, Thomas H. (St. Charles, IL)
High Pressure Hydrogen Tank Manufacturing
Workshop Workshop High Pressure Hydrogen Tank Manufacturing Mark Leavitt Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide, Inc. August 11, 2011 This presentation does not contain any proprietary, confidential, or otherwise restricted information History of Innovations... Announced breakthrough in all-composite lightweight, high capacity, low-cost fuel storage technologies. * Developed a series of robust, OEM compatible electronic control products. Developed H 2 storage system for SunLine Tran-sit Hythane® bus. Awarded patent for integrated module including in-tank regulator * Developed high efficiency H 2 fuel storage systems for DOE Future Truck programs Developed H 2 storage and metering system for Toyota's FCEV platform. First to certify 10,000 psi systems in Japan
High-let radiation carcinogenesis
Recent results for neutron radiation-induced tumors are presented to illustrate the complexities of the dose-response curves for high-LET radiation. It is suggested that in order to derive an appropriate model for dose-response curves for the induction of tumors by high-LET radiation it is necessary to take into account dose distribution, cell killing and the susceptibility of the tissue under study. Preliminary results for the induction of Harderian gland tumors in mice exposed to various heavy ion beams are presented. The results suggest that the effectiveness of the heavy ion beams increases with increasing LET. The slopes of the dose-response curves for the different high-LET radiations decrease between 20 and 40 rads and therefore comparisons of the relative effectiveness should be made from data obtained at doses below about 20 to 30 rads.
Fry, R.J.M.; Powers-Risius, P.; Alpen, E.L.; Ainsworth, E.J.; Ullrich, R.L.
High Exposure Facility Technical Description
The High Exposure Facility is a collimated high-level gamma irradiator that is located in the basement of the 318 building. It was custom developed by PNNL back in 1982 to meet the needs for high range radiological instrument calibrations and dosimeter irradiations. At the time no commercially available product existed that could create exposure rates up to 20,000 R/h. This document is intended to pass on the design criteria that was employed to create this unique facility, while maintaining compliance with ANSI N543-1974, "General Safety Standard for Installations Using Non-Medical X-Ray and Sealed Gamma-Ray Sources, Energies up to 10 MeV."
Carter, Gregory L.; Stithem, Arthur R.; Murphy, Mark K.; Smith, Alex K.
Electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic system
An electrokinetic high pressure hydraulic pump for manipulating fluids in capillary-based systems. The pump uses electro-osmotic flow to provide a high pressure hydraulic system, having no moving mechanical parts, for pumping and/or compressing fluids, for providing valve means and means for opening and closing valves, for controlling fluid flow rate, and manipulating fluid flow generally and in capillary-based systems (Microsystems), in particular. The compact nature of the inventive high pressure hydraulic pump provides the ability to construct a micro-scale or capillary-based HPLC system that fulfills the desire for small sample quantity, low solvent consumption, improved efficiency, the ability to run samples in parallel, and field portability. Control of pressure and solvent flow rate is achieved by controlling the voltage applied to an electrokinetic pump.
Paul, Phillip H. (Livermore, CA); Rakestraw, David J. (Fremont, CA); Arnold, Don W. (Livermore, CA); Hencken, Kenneth R. (Pleasanton, CA); Schoeniger, Joseph S. (Oakland, CA); Neyer, David W. (Castro Valley, CA)
High pressure liquid level monitor
A liquid level monitor for tracking the level of a coal slurry in a high-pressure vessel including a toroidal-shaped float with magnetically permeable bands thereon disposed within the vessel, two pairs of magnetic field generators and detectors disposed outside the vessel adjacent the top and bottom thereof and magnetically coupled to the magnetically permeable bands on the float, and signal processing circuitry for combining signals from the top and bottom detectors for generating a monotonically increasing analog control signal which is a function of liquid level. The control signal may be utilized to operate high-pressure control valves associated with processes in which the high-pressure vessel is used.
Bean, Vern E. (Frederick, MD); Long, Frederick G. (Ijamsville, MD)
seminar - Feb. 11 Discount movie tickets available Chicago Blackhawks discount tickets Thai Village restaurant discount Argentine Tango at Fermilab Additional activities Submit an...
Kuhn Village barn Discount movie tickets available Chicago Blackhawks discount tickets Thai Village restaurant discount Additional Activities Submit an announcement Fermi National...
seminar - Feb. 11 Discount movie tickets available Chicago Blackhawks discount tickets Thai Village restaurant discount Argentine Tango at Fermilab Additional Activities Submit an...
seminar - Feb. 11 Discount movie tickets available Chicago Blackhawks discount tickets Thai Village restaurant discount Additional Activities Submit an announcement Fermi National...
INL High Performance Building Strategy
High performance buildings, also known as sustainable buildings and green buildings, are resource efficient structures that minimize the impact on the environment by using less energy and water, reduce solid waste and pollutants, and limit the depletion of natural resources while also providing a thermally and visually comfortable working environment that increases productivity for building occupants. As Idaho National Laboratory (INL) becomes the nation�s premier nuclear energy research laboratory, the physical infrastructure will be established to help accomplish this mission. This infrastructure, particularly the buildings, should incorporate high performance sustainable design features in order to be environmentally responsible and reflect an image of progressiveness and innovation to the public and prospective employees. Additionally, INL is a large consumer of energy that contributes to both carbon emissions and resource inefficiency. In the current climate of rising energy prices and political pressure for carbon reduction, this guide will help new construction project teams to design facilities that are sustainable and reduce energy costs, thereby reducing carbon emissions. With these concerns in mind, the recommendations described in the INL High Performance Building Strategy (previously called the INL Green Building Strategy) are intended to form the INL foundation for high performance building standards. This revised strategy incorporates the latest federal and DOE orders (Executive Order [EO] 13514, �Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance� [2009], EO 13423, �Strengthening Federal Environmental, Energy, and Transportation Management� [2007], and DOE Order 430.2B, �Departmental Energy, Renewable Energy, and Transportation Management� [2008]), the latest guidelines, trends, and observations in high performance building construction, and the latest changes to the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED�) Green Building Rating System (LEED 2009). The document employs a two-level approach for high performance building at INL. The first level identifies the requirements of the Guiding Principles for Sustainable New Construction and Major Renovations, and the second level recommends which credits should be met when LEED Gold certification is required.
Jennifer D. Morton
High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility
HFMRF Overview HFMRF Overview Section 2-3-1 High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility The High Field Magnetic Resonance Facility (HFMRF) focuses a significant portion of its research on developing a fundamental, molecular-level understanding of biochemical and biological systems and their response to environmental effects. A secondary focus is materials science, including catalysis and chemical mechanisms and processes. Staff and science consultants within this facility offer expertise in the areas of structural biology, solid-state materials characterization, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. Research activities in the HFMRF include: * structure determination of large molecular assemblies such as protein-DNA (normal and damaged DNA) and protein-RNA complexes
High temperature superconductor current leads
An electrical lead having one end for connection to an apparatus in a cryogenic environment and the other end for connection to an apparatus outside the cryogenic environment. The electrical lead includes a high temperature superconductor wire and an electrically conductive material distributed therein, where the conductive material is present at the one end of the lead at a concentration in the range of from 0 to about 3% by volume, and at the other end of the lead at a concentration of less than about 20% by volume. Various embodiments are shown for groups of high temperature superconductor wires and sheaths.
Hull, John R. (Hinsdale, IL); Poeppel, Roger B. (Glen Ellyn, IL)
A compact high pressure hydraulic pump having no moving mechanical parts for converting electric potential to hydraulic force. The electrokinetic pump, which can generate hydraulic pressures greater than 2500 psi, can be employed to compress a fluid, either liquid or gas, and manipulate fluid flow. The pump is particularly useful for capillary-base systems. By combining the electrokinetic pump with a housing having chambers separated by a flexible member, fluid flow, including high pressure fluids, is controlled by the application of an electric potential, that can vary with time.
Paul, Phillip H. (Livermore, CA); Rakestraw, David J. (Fremont, CA)
High ratio recirculating gas compressor
A high ratio positive displacement recirculating rotary compressor is disclosed. The compressor includes an integral heat exchanger and recirculation conduits for returning cooled, high pressure discharge gas to the compressor housing to reducing heating of the compressor and enable higher pressure ratios to be sustained. The compressor features a recirculation system which results in continuous and uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas to the compressor with no direct leakage to either the discharge port or the intake port of the compressor, resulting in a capability of higher sustained pressure ratios without overheating of the compressor.
Weinbrecht, John F. (601 Oakwood Pl., NE., Albuquerque, NM 87123)
A high ratio positive displacement recirculating rotary compressor is disclosed. The compressor includes an integral heat exchanger and recirculation conduits for returning cooled, high pressure discharge gas to the compressor housing to reducing heating of the compressor and enable higher pressure ratios to be sustained. The compressor features a recirculation system which results in continuous and uninterrupted flow of recirculation gas to the compressor with no direct leakage to either the discharge port or the intake port of the compressor, resulting in a capability of higher sustained pressure ratios without overheating of the compressor. 10 figs.
Weinbrecht, J.F.
High Performance Photovoltaic Project Overview
The High-Performance Photovoltaic (HiPerf PV) Project was initiated by the U.S. Department of Energy to substantially increase the viability of photovoltaics (PV) for cost-competitive applications so that PV can contribute significantly to our energy supply and environment in the 21st century. To accomplish this, the National Center for Photovoltaics (NCPV) directs in-house and subcontracted research in high-performance polycrystalline thin-film and multijunction concentrator devices. In this paper, we describe the recent research accomplishments in the in-house directed efforts and the research efforts under way in the subcontracted area.
Symko-Davies, M.; McConnell, R.
High-Average Power Facilities
There has been significant progress in the development of high-power facilities in recent years yet major challenges remain. The task of WG4 was to identify which facilities were capable of addressing the outstanding R&D issues presently preventing high-power operation. To this end, information from each of the facilities represented at the workshop was tabulated and the results are presented herein. A brief description of the major challenges is given, but the detailed elaboration can be found in the other three working group summaries.
Dowell, David H.; /SLAC; Power, John G.; /Argonne
High loading uranium fuel plate
Two embodiments of a high uranium fuel plate are disclosed which contain a meat comprising structured uranium compound confined between a pair of diffusion bonded ductile metal cladding plates uniformly covering the meat, the meat having a uniform high fuel loading comprising a content of uranium compound greater than about 45 Vol. % at a porosity not greater than about 10 Vol. %. In a first embodiment, the meat is a plurality of parallel wires of uranium compound. In a second embodiment, the meat is a dispersion compact containing uranium compound. The fuel plates are fabricated by a hot isostatic pressing process.
Wiencek, Thomas C. (Bolingbrook, IL); Domagala, Robert F. (Indian Head Park, IL); Thresh, Henry R. (Palos Heights, IL)
High Temperature Optical Gas Sensing
Optical Gas Sensing Optical Gas Sensing Opportunity Research is active on optical sensors integrated with advanced sensing materials for high temperature embedded gas sensing applications. Patent applications have been filed for two inventions in this area and several other methods are currently under development. These technologies are available for licensing and/or further collaborative research from the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Organizations or individuals with capabilities in optical sensor packaging for harsh environment and high temperature applications are encouraged to contact NETL to explore potential collaborative opportunities. Overview Contact NETL Technology Transfer Group firstname.lastname@example.com
Reference material RM 7811-7 for identification cards with high coercivity high density magnetic stripes
Albrecht, M
High Speed ADC Design Methodology
545. [11] Siqiang Fan, �High Speed ADC Design Techniques�,Fan, Xin Wang, Lin Lin, Qiang Fang, Jian Liu and Albert Wang, �DesignFan, Xin Wang, Lin Lin, Qiang Fang, Jian Liu, Bin Zhao and Albert Wang, �Capacitive Interpolated Flash ADC Design
Tang, He
High-efficiency photovoltaic cells
High efficiency solar converters comprised of a two cell, non-lattice matched, monolithic stacked semiconductor configuration using optimum pairs of cells having bandgaps in the range 1.6 to 1.7 eV and 0.95 to 1.1 eV, and a method of fabrication thereof, are disclosed. The high band gap subcells are fabricated using metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) or molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) to produce the required AlGaAs layers of optimized composition, thickness and doping to produce high performance, heteroface homojunction devices. The low bandgap subcells are similarly fabricated from AlGa(As)Sb compositions by LPE, MBE or MOCVD. These subcells are then coupled to form a monolithic structure by an appropriate bonding technique which also forms the required transparent intercell ohmic contact (IOC) between the two subcells. Improved ohmic contacts to the high bandgap semiconductor structure can be formed by vacuum evaporating to suitable metal or semiconductor materials which react during laser annealing to form a low bandgap semiconductor which provides a low contact resistance structure.
Yang, H.T.; Zehr, S.W.
High temperature turbine engine structure
A high temperature turbine engine includes a rotor portion having axially stacked adjacent ceramic rotor parts. A ceramic/ceramic joint structure transmits torque between the rotor parts while maintaining coaxial alignment and axially spaced mutually parallel relation thereof despite thermal and centrifugal cycling.
Boyd, Gary L. (Tempe, AZ)
Special Issue: High Elevation Forests
Resources, Colorado State University William Ciesla, Aerial Survey Coordinator, U.S. Forest Service (retired material for homes. They also capture, purify, and release water for our use. Recent aerial surveys confirmSpecial Issue: High Elevation Forests 2008 The Health of Colorado's Forests Report #12;David A
High fidelity lighting of Knossos
Five kilometres from Heraklion, Crete is the Minoan Palace of Knossos. First discovered in 1878 by Minos Kalokairinos, the site today is most commonly associated with Sir Arthur Evans who bought the space in 1898 when Turkish occupation ceased in Crete. ... Keywords: Knossos, high fidelity graphics, physically based lighting, virtual archaeology
Ioannis Roussos; Alan Chalmers
High-temperature plasma physics
Both magnetic and inertial confinement research are entering the plasma parameter range of fusion reactor interest. This paper reviews the individual and common technical problems of these two approaches to the generation of thermonuclear plasmas, and describes some related applications of high-temperature plasma physics.
Furth, H.P.
on the Cerro P r i e t o Geothermal F i e l d , Mexicali,e C e r r o P r i e t o Geothermal F i e l d , Baja C a l i1979 HIGH TEMPERATURE GEOTHERMAL RESERVOIR ENGINEERING R.
Schroeder, R.C.
High Efficiency New Metallurgical Technology
Mar 4, 2013 ... The alumina leaching rate of calcium aluminate in residue is over 80%. .... Different types of plasma torches including a high power steam plasma torch ... for about 50% of the total NOX emissions in the iron and steel industry.
High temperature mineral fiber binder
A modified phenol formaldehyde condensate is reacted with boric acid and cured in the presence of a polyfunctional nitrogeneous compound to provide a binder for mineral wool fibers which is particularly suited for thermal insulation products intended for high temperature service.
Miedaner, P.M.
A high temperature turbine engine includes a hybrid ceramic/metallic rotor member having ceramic/metal joint structure. The disclosed joint is able to endure higher temperatures than previously possible, and aids in controlling heat transfer in the rotor member.
High temperature size selective membranes
The objective of this research is to develop a high temperature size selective membrane capable of separating gas mixture components from each other based on molecular size, using a molecular sieving mechanism. The authors are evaluating two concepts: a composite of a carbon molecular sieve (CMS) with a tightly defined pore size distribution between 3 and 4 {angstrom}, and a microporous supporting matrix which provides mechanical strength and resistance to thermal degradation, and a sandwich of a CMS film between the porous supports. The high temperature membranes the authors are developing can be used to replace the current low-temperature unit operations for separating gaseous mixtures, especially hydrogen, from the products of the water gas shift reaction at high temperatures. Membranes that have a high selectivity and have both thermal and chemical stability would improve substantially the economics of the coal gasification process. These membranes can also improve other industrial processes such as the ammonia production and oil reform processes where hydrogen separation is crucial. Results of tests on a supported membrane and an unsupported carbon film are presented.
Yates, S.F.; Zhou, S.J.; Anderson, D.J.; Til, A.E. van
Geothermal high temperature instrumentation applications
A quick look at the geothermal industry shows a small industry producing about $1 billion in electric sales annually. The industry is becoming older and in need of new innovative solutions to instrumentation problems. A quick look at problem areas is given along with basic instrumentation requirements. The focus of instrumentation is on high temperature electronics.
Normann, R.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States); Livesay, B.J. [Livesay Consultants (United States)
High Critical Current Coated Conductors
One of the important critical needs that came out of the DOE�s coated conductor workshop was to develop a high throughput and economic deposition process for YBCO. Metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) technique, the most critical steps in high technical micro fabrications, has been widely employed in semiconductor industry for various thin film growth. SuperPower has demonstrated that (Y,Gd)BCO films can be deposited rapid with world record performance. In addition to high critical current density with increased film thickness, flux pinning properties of REBCO films needs to be improved to meet the DOE requirements for various electric-power equipments. We have shown that doping with Zr can result in BZO nanocolumns, but at substantially reduced deposition rate. The primary purpose of this subtask is to develop high current density MOCVD-REBCO coated conductors based on the ion-beam assisted (IBAD)-MgO deposition process. Another purpose of this subtask is to investigate HTS conductor design optimization (maximize Je) with emphasis on stability and protection issues, and ac loss for REBCO coated conductors.
Paranthaman, M. P.; Selvamanickam, V. (SuperPower, Inc.)
High-gravity central stars
NLTE spectral analyses of high-gravity central stars by means of state-of-the-art model atmosphere techniques provide information about the precursor AGB stars. The hydrogen-deficient post-AGB stars allow investigations on the intershell matter which is apparently exhibited at the stellar surface. We summarize recent results from imaging, spectroscopy, and spectropolarimetry.
Thomas Rauch
High precision redundant robotic manipulator
A high precision redundant robotic manipulator for overcoming contents imposed by obstacles or imposed by a highly congested work space. One embodiment of the manipulator has four degrees of freedom and another embodiment has seven degreed of freedom. Each of the embodiments utilize a first selective compliant assembly robot arm (SCARA) configuration to provide high stiffness in the vertical plane, a second SCARA configuration to provide high stiffness in the horizontal plane. The seven degree of freedom embodiment also utilizes kinematic redundancy to provide the capability of avoiding obstacles that lie between the base of the manipulator and the end effector or link of the manipulator. These additional three degrees of freedom are added at the wrist link of the manipulator to provide pitch, yaw and roll. The seven degrees of freedom embodiment uses one revolute point per degree of freedom. For each of the revolute joints, a harmonic gear coupled to an electric motor is introduced, and together with properly designed based servo controllers provide an end point repeatability of less than 10 microns.
Young, Kar-Keung David (Mountain View, CA)
A high precision redundant robotic manipulator for overcoming contents imposed by obstacles or imposed by a highly congested work space is disclosed. One embodiment of the manipulator has four degrees of freedom and another embodiment has seven degrees of freedom. Each of the embodiments utilize a first selective compliant assembly robot arm (SCARA) configuration to provide high stiffness in the vertical plane, a second SCARA configuration to provide high stiffness in the horizontal plane. The seven degree of freedom embodiment also utilizes kinematic redundancy to provide the capability of avoiding obstacles that lie between the base of the manipulator and the end effector or link of the manipulator. These additional three degrees of freedom are added at the wrist link of the manipulator to provide pitch, yaw and roll. The seven degrees of freedom embodiment uses one revolute point per degree of freedom. For each of the revolute joints, a harmonic gear coupled to an electric motor is introduced, and together with properly designed based servo controllers provide an end point repeatability of less than 10 microns. 3 figs.
Young, K.K.D.
High energy resolution, high angular acceptance crystal monochromator
A 4-bounce dispersive crystal monochromator reduces the bandpass of synchrotron radiation to a 10-50 meV range without sacrificing angular acceptance. The monochromator includes the combination of an asymmetrical channel-cut single crystal of lower order reflection and a symmetrical channel-cut single crystal of higher order reflection in a nested geometric configuration. In the disclosed embodiment, a highly asymmetrically cut (.alpha.=20) outer silicon crystal (4 2 2) with low order reflection is combined with a symmetrically cut inner silicon crystal (10 6 4) with high order reflection to condition a hard x-ray component (5-30 keV) of synchrotron radiation down to the .mu.eV-neV level. Each of the crystals is coupled to the combination of a positioning inchworm and angle encoder via a respective rotation stage for accurate relative positioning of the crystals and precise energy tuning of the monochromator.
Alp, Ercan E. (Bolingbrook, IL); Mooney, Timothy M. (Westmont, IL); Toellner, Thomas (Green Bay, WI)
Refractory materials can be limited in their application by many factors including chemical reactions between the service environment and the refractory material, mechanical degradation of the refractory material by the service environment, temperature limitations on the use of a particular refractory material, and the inability to install or repair the refractory material in a cost effective manner or while the vessel was in service. The objective of this project was to address the need for new innovative refractory compositions by developing a family of novel MgO-Al 2O3 spinel or other similar magnesia/alumina containing unshaped refractory composition (castables, gunnables, shotcretes, etc) utilizing new aggregate materials, bond systems, protective coatings, and phase formation techniques (in-situ phase formation, altered conversion temperatures, accelerated reactions, etc). This family of refractory compositions would then be tailored for use in high-temperature, high-alkaline industrial environments like those found in the aluminum, chemical, forest products, glass, and steel industries.
Hemrick, James Gordon [ORNL
A 4-bounce dispersive crystal monochromator reduces the bandpass of synchrotron radiation to a 10-50 meV range without sacrificing angular acceptance. The monochromator includes the combination of an asymmetrical channel-cut single crystal of lower order reflection and a symmetrical channel-cut single crystal of higher order reflection in a nested geometric configuration. In the disclosed embodiment, a highly asymmetrically cut ({alpha}=20) outer silicon crystal (4 2 2) with low order reflection is combined with a symmetrically cut inner silicon crystal (10 6 4) with high order reflection to condition a hard x-ray component (5--30 keV) of synchrotron radiation down to the {micro}eV-neV level. Each of the crystals is coupled to the combination of a positioning inchworm and angle encoder via a respective rotation stage for accurate relative positioning of the crystals and precise energy tuning of the monochromator. 7 figs.
Alp, E.E.; Mooney, T.M.; Toellner, T.
High performance internal reforming unit for high temperature fuel cells
A fuel reformer having an enclosure with first and second opposing surfaces, a sidewall connecting the first and second opposing surfaces and an inlet port and an outlet port in the sidewall. A plate assembly supporting a catalyst and baffles are also disposed in the enclosure. A main baffle extends into the enclosure from a point of the sidewall between the inlet and outlet ports. The main baffle cooperates with the enclosure and the plate assembly to establish a path for the flow of fuel gas through the reformer from the inlet port to the outlet port. At least a first directing baffle extends in the enclosure from one of the sidewall and the main baffle and cooperates with the plate assembly and the enclosure to alter the gas flow path. Desired graded catalyst loading pattern has been defined for optimized thermal management for the internal reforming high temperature fuel cells so as to achieve high cell performance.
Ma, Zhiwen (Sandy Hook, CT); Venkataraman, Ramakrishnan (New Milford, CT); Novacco, Lawrence J. (Brookfield, CT)
High pressure/high temperature thermogravimetric apparatus. Final report
The purpose of this instrumentation grant was to acquire a state-of-the-art, high pressure, high temperature thermogravimetric apparatus (HP/HT TGA) system for the study of the interactions between gases and carbonaceous solids for the purpose of solving problems related to coal utilization and applications of carbon materials. The instrument that we identified for this purpose was manufactured by DMT (Deutsche Montan Technologies)--Institute of Cokemaking and Coal Chemistry of Essen, Germany. Particular features of note include: Two reactors: a standard TGA reactor, capable of 1100 C at 100 bar; and a high temperature (HT) reactor, capable of operation at 1600 C and 100 bar; A steam generator capable of generating steam to 100 bar; Flow controllers and gas mixing system for up to three reaction gases, plus a separate circuit for steam, and another for purge gas; and An automated software system for data acquisition and control. The HP/TP DMT-TGA apparatus was purchased in 1996 and installed and commissioned during the summer of 1996. The apparatus was located in Room 128 of the Prince Engineering Building at Brown University. A hydrogen alarm and vent system were added for safety considerations. The system has been interfaced to an Ametek quadruple mass spectrometer (MA 100), pumped by a Varian V250 turbomolecular pump, as provided for in the original proposed. With this capability, a number of gas phase species of interest can be monitored in a near-simultaneous fashion. The MS can be used in a few different modes. During high pressure, steady-state gasification experiments, it is used to sample, measure, and monitor the reactant/product gases. It can also be used to monitor gas phase species during nonisothermal temperature programmed reaction (TPR) or temperature programmed desorption (TPD) experiments.
Calo, J.M.; Suuberg, E.M.
Assessment of microelectronics packaging for high temperature, high reliability applications
This report details characterization and development activities in electronic packaging for high temperature applications. This project was conducted through a Department of Energy sponsored Cooperative Research and Development Agreement between Sandia National Laboratories and General Motors. Even though the target application of this collaborative effort is an automotive electronic throttle control system which would be located in the engine compartment, results of this work are directly applicable to Sandia`s national security mission. The component count associated with the throttle control dictates the use of high density packaging not offered by conventional surface mount. An enabling packaging technology was selected and thermal models defined which characterized the thermal and mechanical response of the throttle control module. These models were used to optimize thick film multichip module design, characterize the thermal signatures of the electronic components inside the module, and to determine the temperature field and resulting thermal stresses under conditions that may be encountered during the operational life of the throttle control module. Because the need to use unpackaged devices limits the level of testing that can be performed either at the wafer level or as individual dice, an approach to assure a high level of reliability of the unpackaged components was formulated. Component assembly and interconnect technologies were also evaluated and characterized for high temperature applications. Electrical, mechanical and chemical characterizations of enabling die and component attach technologies were performed. Additionally, studies were conducted to assess the performance and reliability of gold and aluminum wire bonding to thick film conductor inks. Kinetic models were developed and validated to estimate wire bond reliability.
Uribe, F.
High power densities from high-temperature material interactions
Thermionic energy conversion (TEC) and metallic-fluid heat pipes (MFHPs) offer important and unique advantages in terrestrial and space energy processing. And they are well suited to serve together synergistically. TEC and MFHPs operate through working-fluid vaporization, condensation cycles that accept great thermal power densities at high temperatures. TEC and MFHPs have apparently simple, isolated performance mechanisms that are somewhat similar. And they also have obviously difficult, complected material problems that again are somewhat similar. Intensive investigation reveals that aspects of their operating cycles and material problems tend to merge: high-temperature material effects determine the level and lifetime of performance. Simplified equations verify the preceding statement for TEC and MFHPs. Material properties and interactions exert primary influences on operational effectiveness. And thermophysicochemical stabilities dictate operating temperatures which regulate the thermoemissive currents of TEC and the vaporization flow rates of MFHPs. Major high-temperature material problems of TEC and MFHPs have been solved. These solutions lead to productive, cost-effective applications of current TEC and MFHPs - and point to significant improvements with anticipated technological gains.
Morris, J.F.
High voltage photovoltaic power converter
An array of independently connected photovoltaic cells on a semi-insulating substrate contains reflective coatings between the cells to enhance efficiency. A uniform, flat top laser beam profile is illuminated upon the array to produce electrical current having high voltage. An essentially wireless system includes a laser energy source being fed through optic fiber and cast upon the photovoltaic cell array to prevent stray electrical signals prior to use of the current from the array. Direct bandgap, single crystal semiconductor materials, such as GaAs, are commonly used in the array. Useful applications of the system include locations where high voltages are provided to confined spaces such as in explosive detonation, accelerators, photo cathodes and medical appliances.
Haigh, Ronald E. (Arvada, CO); Wojtczuk, Steve (Cambridge, MA); Jacobson, Gerard F. (Livermore, CA); Hagans, Karla G. (Livermore, CA)
High Temperature Heat Exchanger Project
The UNLV Research Foundation assembled a research consortium for high temperature heat exchanger design and materials compatibility and performance comprised of university and private industry partners under the auspices of the US DOE-NE Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative in October 2003. The objectives of the consortium were to conduct investigations of candidate materials for high temperature heat exchanger componets in hydrogen production processes and design and perform prototypical testing of heat exchangers. The initial research of the consortium focused on the intermediate heat exchanger (located between the nuclear reactor and hydrogen production plan) and the components for the hydrogen iodine decomposition process and sulfuric acid decomposition process. These heat exchanger components were deemed the most challenging from a materials performance and compatibility perspective
Anthony E. Hechanova, Ph.D.
High-Throughput Screening Techniques
Throughput Throughput Screening Techniques for Biomass Conversion Stephen R. Decker & Roman Brunecky & Melvin P. Tucker & Michael E. Himmel & Michael J. Selig Published online: 14 October 2009 # US Government 2009 Abstract High-throughput (HTP) screening of biomass or biomass-degrading enzymes, regardless of the desired outcome, is fraught with obstacles and challenges not typically faced in more traditional biotechnology. The enzyme systems are complex and synergistic and the substrate is highly heterogeneous, insoluble, and difficult to dispense. Digestions are often carried out for days at temperatures of 50°C or higher, leading to significant challenges regarding evaporation control in small well volumes. Furthermore, it is often desirable to condition or "pretreat" the biomass at extreme temperatures and/or pH to enhance enzyme digestibility.
Radiometry High Spectral Resolution Fourier
High Spectral Resolution Fourier High Spectral Resolution Fourier Transform Infrared Instruments for the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program H. E. Revercomb, W. L. Smith, R. O. Knuteson, F. A. Best, R. G. Dedecker, T. P. Dirkx, R. A. Herbsleb, and J. F. Short University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin H. B. Howell National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Systems Design and Applications Branch Madison, Wisconsin D. Murcray and F. Murcray University of Denver Denver, Colorado Accurate and spectrally detailed observations of the thermal emission from radiatively important atmospheric gases, aerosols, and clouds have been identified as crucial for realizing the overall objectives of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program to improve the treatment of radiation and clouds in climate models. The observed
High Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents
Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory is seeking licensing partners interested in implementing United States Patent Number 7,288,136 entitled "High Capacity Immobilized Amine Sorbents." Disclosed in this patent is the invention of a method that facilitates the production of low-cost carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sorbents for use in large-scale gas-solid processes. This method treats an amine to increase the number of secondary amine groups and impregnates the amine in a porous solid support. As a result of this improvement, the method increases CO 2 capture capacity and decreases the cost of using an amine-enriched solid sorbent in CO 2 capture systems. Overview The U.S. Department of Energy has placed a high priority on the separation
High Mesa | Open Energy Information
Mesa Mesa Jump to: navigation, search Name High Mesa Facility High Mesa Sector Wind energy Facility Type Commercial Scale Wind Facility Status In Service Owner Exelon Wind Developer Exelon Wind Energy Purchaser Idaho Power Location Bliss ID Coordinates 42.88797667°, -115.0169849° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":42.88797667,"lon":-115.0169849,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
High-order unconditionally stable FC-AD solvers for general smooth domains II. Elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic PDEs; theoretical considerations
A new PDE solver was introduced recently, in Part I of this two-paper sequence, on the basis of two main concepts: the well-known Alternating Direction Implicit (ADI) approach, on one hand, and a certain ''Fourier Continuation'' (FC) method for the resolution ... Keywords: ADI, Complex geometry, Fourier Continuation, Fourier series, Numerical method, Partial differential equation, Spectral method, Unconditional stability
Mark Lyon; Oscar P. Bruno
Production of high purity radiothallium
The method of producing high purity thallium-201 for use as a myocardial scanning agent comprising the steps of irradiating a thallium target with protons to give the reaction .sup.203 Tl(p,3n) .sup.201.sub.Pb, separating in ion exchange columns the lead from the thallium isotopes, permitting the lead to decay, and then purifying the thallium solution and converting the thallium present to thallous form in which it can be used.
Lebowitz, Elliot (Brookline, MA); Greene, Margaret W. (Bellport, NY)
A high temperature ceramic/metallic turbine engine includes a metallic housing which journals a rotor member of the turbine engine. A ceramic disk-like shroud portion of the engine is supported on the metallic housing portion and maintains a close running clearance with the rotor member. A ceramic spacer assembly maintains the close running clearance of the shroud portion and rotor member despite differential thermal movements between the shroud portion and metallic housing portion.
Carruthers, William D. (Mesa, AZ); Boyd, Gary L. (Tempe, AZ)
A high-temperature microscope is offered. It has a reflecting optic situated above a molten specimen in a furnace and reflecting the image of the same downward through an inert optic member in the floor of the furnace, a plurality of spaced reflecting plane mirrors defining a reflecting path around the furnace, a standard microscope supported in the path of and forming the end terminus of the light path.
Olson, D.M.
High voltage, direct current power supplies are described for use with battery powered nuclear detection equipment. The particular advantages of the power supply described, are increased efficiency and reduced size and welght brought about by the use of transistors in the circuit. An important feature resides tn the employment of a pair of transistors in an alternatefiring oscillator circuit having a coupling transformer and other circuit components which are used for interconnecting the various electrodes of the transistors.
Driver, G.E.
High current pulse transmission cable
This invention is comprised of a transmission cable for carrying high current pulses in which an even numbered plurality of electrical conductors surrounds a central ground conductor. Each electrical conductor is connected so that it at any instant in time it will carry current of opposite polarity to the polarity carried by adjacent conductors. This arrangement cancels practically all of the external fields generated by current in the conductors.
Parsons, W.M.
Contaminated Outdoor High Voltage Insulators
The external insulation of power lines and outdoor substations is a weak point in transmission systems. The insulation is particularly susceptible to failure if proper attention has not been given to its design, condition monitoring, and maintenance. In regions with high contamination levels, regular maintenance and the application of palliative measures can be critical to ensure that the system meets its outage performance targets. This can involve pure maintenance measures such as cleaning the insulato...
High-temperature geothermal cableheads
Two high-temperature, corrosion-resistant logging cableheads which use metal seals and a stable fluid to achieve proper electrical terminations and cable-sonde interfacings are described. A tensile bar provides a calibrated yield point, and a cone assembly anchors the cable armor to the head. Electrical problems of the sort generally ascribable to the cable-sonde interface were absent during demonstration hostile-environment loggings in which these cableheads were used.
Coquat, J.A.; Eifert, R.W.
High temperature catalytic membrane reactors
Current state-of-the-art inorganic oxide membranes offer the potential of being modified to yield catalytic properties. The resulting modules may be configured to simultaneously induce catalytic reactions with product concentration and separation in a single processing step. Processes utilizing such catalytically active membrane reactors have the potential for dramatically increasing yield reactions which are currently limited by either thermodynamic equilibria, product inhibition, or kinetic selectivity. Examples of commercial interest include hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, partial and selective oxidation, hydrations, hydrocarbon cracking, olefin metathesis, hydroformylation, and olefin polymerization. A large portion of the most significant reactions fall into the category of high temperature, gas phase chemical and petrochemical processes. Microporous oxide membranes are well suited for these applications. A program is proposed to investigate selected model reactions of commercial interest (i.e. dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene and dehydrogenation of butane to butadiene) using a high temperature catalytic membrane reactor. Membranes will be developed, reaction dynamics characterized, and production processes developed, culminating in laboratory-scale demonstration of technical and economic feasibility. As a result, the anticipated increased yield per reactor pass economic incentives are envisioned. First, a large decrease in the temperature required to obtain high yield should be possible because of the reduced driving force requirement. Significantly higher conversion per pass implies a reduced recycle ratio, as well as reduced reactor size. Both factors result in reduced capital costs, as well as savings in cost of reactants and energy.
Advanced high efficiency concentrator cells
This report describes research to develop the technology needed to demonstrate a monolithic, multijunction, two-terminal, concentrator solar cell with a terrestrial power conversion efficiency greater than 35%. Under three previous subcontracts, Varian developed many of the aspects of a technology needed to fabricate very high efficiency concentrator cells. The current project was aimed at exploiting the new understanding of high efficiency solar cells. Key results covered in this report are as follows. (1) A 1.93-eV AlGaAs/1.42-eV GaAs metal-interconnected cascade cell was manufactured with a one-sun efficiency at 27.6% at air mass 1.5 (AM1.5) global. (2) A 1.0eV InGaAs cell was fabricated on the reverse'' side of a low-doped GaAs substrate with a one-sun efficiency of 2.5% AM1.5 diffuse and a short-circuit current of 14.4 mA/cm{sup 2}. (3) Small-scale manufacturing of GaAs p/n concentrator cells was attempted and obtained an excellent yield of high-efficiency cells. (4) Grown-in tunnel junction cell interconnects that are transparent and thermally stable using C and Si dopants were developed. 10 refs.
Gale, R. (Varian Associates, Inc., Palo Alto, CA (United States). Varian Research Center)
High precision thermal neutron detectors
Two-dimensional position sensitive detectors are indispensable in neutron diffraction experiments for determination of molecular and crystal structures in biology, solid-state physics and polymer chemistry. Some performance characteristics of these detectors are elementary and obvious, such as the position resolution, number of resolution elements, neutron detection efficiency, counting rate and sensitivity to gamma-ray background. High performance detectors are distinguished by more subtle characteristics such as the stability of the response (efficiency) versus position, stability of the recorded neutron positions, dynamic range, blooming or halo effects. While relatively few of them are needed around the world, these high performance devices are sophisticated and fairly complex; their development requires very specialized efforts. In this context, we describe here a program of detector development, based on {sup 3}He filled proportional chambers, which has been underway for some years at Brookhaven. Fundamental approaches and practical considerations are outlined that have resulted in a series of high performance detectors with the best known position resolution, position stability, uniformity of reliability over time of this type.
Radeka, V.; Schaknowski, N.A.; Smith, G.C.; and Yu, B.
High Energy Laser Diagnostic Sensors
Recent advancements in high energy laser (HEL) sources have outpaced diagnostic tools capable of accurately quantifying system performance. Diagnostic tools are needed that allow system developers to measure the parameters that define HEL effectiveness. The two critical parameters for quantifying HEL effectiveness are the irradiance on target and resultant rise in target temperature. Off-board sensing has its limitations, including unpredictable changes in the reflectivity of the target, smoke and outgassing, and atmospheric distortion. On-board sensors overcome the limitations of off-board techniques but must survive high irradiance levels and extreme temperatures.We have developed sensors for on-target diagnostics of high energy laser beams and for the measurement of the thermal response of the target. The conformal sensors consist of an array of quantum dot photodetectors and resistive temperature detectors. The sensor arrays are lithographically fabricated on flexible substrates and can be attached to a variety of laser targets. We have developed a nanoparticle adhesive process that provides good thermal contact with the target and that ensures the sensor remains attached to the target for as long as the target survives. We have calibrated the temperature and irradiance sensors and demonstrated them in a HEL environment.
Luke, James R.; Goddard, Douglas N.; Thomas, David [AEgis Technologies Group, 10501 Research Rd SE, Suite D, Albuquerque, NM 87123, 505-938-9221 (United States); Lewis, Jay [RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC (United States)
High-energy atmospheric neutrinos
High-energy neutrinos, arising from decays of mesons that were produced through the cosmic rays collisions with air nuclei, form unavoidable background noise in the astrophysical neutrino detection problem. The atmospheric neutrino flux above 1 PeV should be supposedly dominated by the contribution of charmed particle decays. These (prompt) neutrinos originated from decays of massive and shortlived particles, $D^\\pm$, $D^0$, $\\bar{D}{}^0$, $D_s^\\pm$, $\\Lambda^+_c$, form the most uncertain fraction of the high-energy atmospheric neutrino flux because of poor explored processes of the charm production. Besides, an ambiguity in high-energy behavior of pion and especially kaon production cross sections for nucleon-nucleus collisions may affect essentially the calculated neutrino flux. There is the energy region where above flux uncertainties superimpose. A new calculation presented here reveals sizable differences, up to the factor of 1.8 above 1 TeV, in muon neutrino flux predictions obtained with usage of known...
Sinegovsky, S I; Sinegovskaya, T S
High modulus carbon fiber/titanium laminates.
??Titanium has been used to meet ever-stricter standards for high-temperature performance, creep resistance, low weight and high strength. Having low density, a high melting point,� (more)
High Performance Computing Meets Experimental Mathematics
High Performance Computing Meets Experimental Mathematics David H. Bailey Lawrence Berkeley large, high-performance computer systems. What's more, in these new appli- cations the computer computation, implemented on high performance computer (HPC) systems. We present these results, in part
Bailey, David H.
Army High Performance Computing Research Center
Army High Performance Computing Research Center Applying advanced computational science research challenges http://me.stanford.edu/research/centers/ahpcrc #12;Army High Performance Computing challenges http://me.stanford.edu/research/centers/ahpcrc #12;Army High Performance Computing Research
Prinz, Friedrich B.
Proposal for a High Energy Nuclear Database
Proposal for a High Energy Nuclear Database David A. Brown 1it requires the high-energy nuclear physics com- munity�s ?compilations of high-energy nuclear data for applications
Brown, David A.; Vogt, Ramona
Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High EnergyOffice of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, High Energy
Scanlan, R.
A project was led by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in collaboration with a research team comprised of the academic institution Missouri University of Science and Technology (MS&T), and the industrial company MINTEQ International, Inc. (MINTEQ), along with representatives from the aluminum, chemical, glass, and forest products industries. The project was to address the need for new innovative refractory compositions by developing a family of novel MgO-Al 2O3, MgAl2O4, or other similar spinel structured or alumina-based unshaped refractory compositions (castables, gunnables, shotcretes, etc.) utilizing new aggregate materials, bond systems, protective coatings, and phase formation techniques (in-situ phase formation, altered conversion temperatures, accelerated reactions, etc). This family of refractory compositions would then be tailored for use in high-temperature, high-alkaline industrial environments like those found in the aluminum, chemical, forest products, glass, and steel industries. Both practical refractory development experience and computer modeling techniques were used to aid in the design of this new family of materials. The newly developed materials were expected to offer alternative material choices for high-temperature, high-alkali environments that were capable of operating at higher temperatures (goal of increasing operating temperature by 100-200oC depending on process) or for longer periods of time (goal of twice the life span of current materials or next process determined service increment). This would lead to less process down time, greater energy efficiency for associated manufacturing processes (more heat kept in process), and materials that could be installed/repaired in a more efficient manner. The overall project goal was a 5% improvement in energy efficiency (brought about through a 20% improvement in thermal efficiency) resulting in a savings of 3.7 TBtu/yr (7.2 billion ft3 natural gas) by the year 2030. Additionally, new application techniques and systems were developed as part of this project to optimize the installation of this new family of refractory materials to maximize the properties of installed linings and to facilitate nuances such as hot installation and repair. Under this project, seven new shotcrete materials were developed for both primary and repair applications in aluminum, black liquor, coal gasification, and lime kiln environments. Developed materials were based on alumino-silicate, magnesia, and spinel forming systems. One of the developed materials was an insulating shotcrete to be used behind the high conductivity spinel linings developed under this project. Fundamental research work was carried out at MS&T throughout the life of the project to provide support for the development and production of the experimental refractory materials being developed. Work was also ongoing at ORNL and MS&T through the duration of the project on the measurement and characterization of key refractory properties as identified during year one of the project. Both materials currently being used in the industrial processes as identified and supplied by the industrial partners of this project and new materials being provided and developed by MINTEQ were evaluated as necessary. Additionally, energy savings estimates based on measured properties of the experimentally developed refractory systems from this project were made at MINTEQ to validate the energy savings estimates originally proposed for the project. As another part of the project, on-line inspection and hot repair techniques were considered. It was determined that although repair materials were successfully developed under this project for aluminum, black liquor, and coal gasification systems which enable hot repair, there was only minor interest from industry in implementing these materials. On-line inspection techniques were also identified under this project which are currently used in the steel industry, but implementation of these techniques in applications such as black liquor and coal gasification where higher temperature
Hemrick, James Gordon [ORNL; Smith, Jeffrey D [ORNL; O'Hara, Kelley [University of Missouri, Rolla; Rodrigues-Schroer, Angela [Minteq International, Inc.; Colavito, [Minteq International, Inc.
Advanced High-Temperature, High-Pressure Transport Reactor Gasification
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) National Energy Technology Laboratory Office of Coal and Environmental Systems has as its mission to develop advanced gasification-based technologies for affordable, efficient, zero-emission power generation. These advanced power systems, which are expected to produce near-zero pollutants, are an integral part of DOE's Vision 21 Program. DOE has also been developing advanced gasification systems that lower the capital and operating costs of producing syngas for chemical production. A transport reactor has shown potential to be a low-cost syngas producer compared to other gasification systems since its high-throughput-per-unit cross-sectional area reduces capital costs. This work directly supports the Power Systems Development Facility utilizing the KBR transport reactor located at the Southern Company Services Wilsonville, Alabama, site. Over 2800 hours of operation on 11 different coals ranging from bituminous to lignite along with a petroleum coke has been completed to date in the pilot-scale transport reactor development unit (TRDU) at the Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC). The EERC has established an extensive database on the operation of these various fuels in both air-blown and oxygen-blown modes utilizing a pilot-scale transport reactor gasifier. This database has been useful in determining the effectiveness of design changes on an advanced transport reactor gasifier and for determining the performance of various feedstocks in a transport reactor. The effects of different fuel types on both gasifier performance and the operation of the hot-gas filter system have been determined. It has been demonstrated that corrected fuel gas heating values ranging from 90 to 130 Btu/scf have been achieved in air-blown mode, while heating values up to 230 Btu/scf on a dry basis have been achieved in oxygen-blown mode. Carbon conversions up to 95% have also been obtained and are highly dependent on the oxygen-coal ratio. Higher-reactivity (low-rank) coals appear to perform better in a transport reactor than the less reactive bituminous coals. Factors that affect TRDU product gas quality appear to be coal type, temperature, and air/coal ratios. Testing with a higher-ash, high-moisture, low-rank coal from the Red Hills Mine of the Mississippi Lignite Mining Company has recently been completed. Testing with the lignite coal generated a fuel gas with acceptable heating value and a high carbon conversion, although some drying of the high-moisture lignite was required before coal-feeding problems were resolved. No ash deposition or bed material agglomeration issues were encountered with this fuel. In order to better understand the coal devolatilization and cracking chemistry occurring in the riser of the transport reactor, gas and solid sampling directly from the riser and the filter outlet has been accomplished. This was done using a baseline Powder River Basin subbituminous coal from the Peabody Energy North Antelope Rochelle Mine near Gillette, Wyoming.
Michael Swanson; Daniel Laudal
ANTHEM simulation of the early time magnetic field penetration of the plasma surrounding a high density Z-pinch
The early time penetration of magnetic field into the low density coronal plasma of a Z-pinch fiber is studied with the implicit plasma simulation code ANTHEM. Calculations show the emission of electrons from the cathode, pinching of the electron flow, magnetic insulation of the electrons near the anode, and low density ion blow off. PIC-particle ion calculations show a late time clumping of the ion density not seen with a fluid ion treatment. 4 refs., 4 figs.
Mason, R.J.
High Capacity Hydrogen Storage Nanocomposite - Energy ...
Energy Storage Advanced Materials High Capacity Hydrogen Storage Nanocomposite Processes to add metal hydrideds to nanocarbon structures to yield high capacity ...
Collaboration to advance high-performance computing
Collaboration to advance high-performance computing Collaboration to advance high-performance computing LANL and EMC will enhance, design, build, test, and deploy new cutting-edge...
High performance computing Igal G. Rasin
High performance computing Igal G. Rasin Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion Israel with different parallelization techniques and tools used in high performance computing (HPC). The tutorial
Adler, Joan
Predicting Low Flux High - Programmaster.org
High flux can access high fluence, but such TTS data is under-predicted by current ... on Defect Migration and Void Formation using the Phase Field Method.
Building Technologies Office: High Performance Windows Volume...
Building Technologies Office: High Performance Windows Volume Purchase to someone by E-mail Share Building Technologies Office: High Performance Windows Volume Purchase on Facebook...
High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: For Builders
For Builders to someone by E-mail Share High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: For Builders on Facebook Tweet about High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: For Builders on...
High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: For Manufacturers
For Manufacturers to someone by E-mail Share High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: For Manufacturers on Facebook Tweet about High Performance Windows Volume Purchase: For...
HFIR | High Flux Isotope Reactor | ORNL
HFIR Working with HFIR Neutron imaging offers new tools for exploring artifacts and ancient technology Home | User Facilities | HFIR HFIR | High Flux Isotope Reactor SHARE The High...
Experiment Hazard Class 3 - High Temperatures
* RF and Microwave * UV Light Hydrogen * Hydrogen Electronics * Electrical Equipment * High Voltage Other * Other Class 3 - High Temperatures Applicability The hazard controls...
Bringing Energy Efficiency to High Performance Computing
Bringing Energy Efficiency to High Performance Computing Oak Ridge National Laboratory's Jaguar Supercomputer William Tschudi September 2013 The ability of high performance...
High-Temperature Superconductivity Cable Demonstration Projects...
High-Temperature Superconductivity Cable Demonstration Projects High-Temperature Superconductivity Cable Demonstration Projects A National Effort to Introduce New Technology into...
The conventional approach to developing energetic molecules is to chemically place one or more nitro groups onto a carbon skeleton, which is why the term ''nitration'' is synonymous to explosives preparation. The nitro group carries the oxygen that reacts with the skeletal carbon and hydrogen fuels, which in turn produces the heat and gaseous reaction products necessary for driving an explosive shock. These nitro-containing energetic molecules typically have heats of formation near zero and therefore most of the released energy is derived from the combustion process. Our investigation of the tetrazine, furazan and tetrazole ring systems has offered a different approach to explosives development, where a significant amount of the chemical potential energy is derived from their large positive heats of formation. Because these compounds often contain a large percentage of nitrogen atoms, they are usually regarded as high-nitrogen fuels or explosives. A general artifact of these high-nitrogen compounds is that they are less sensitive to initiation (e.g. by impact) when compared to traditional nitro-containing explosives of similar performances. Using the precursor, 3,6-bis-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-s-tetrazine, several useful energetic compounds based on the s-tetrazine system have been synthesized and studied. Some of the first compounds are 3,6-diamino-s-tetrazine-1,4-dioxide (LAX-112) and 3,6-dihydrazino-s-tetrazine (DHT). LAX-112 was once extensively studied as an insensitive explosive by Los Alamos; DHT is an example of a high-nitrogen explosive that relies entirely on its heat of formation for sustaining a detonation. Recent synthesis efforts have yielded an azo-s-tetrazine, 3,3'-azobis(6-amino-s-tetrazine) or DAAT, which has a very high positive heat of formation. The compounds, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-azoxyfurazan (DAAF) and 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-azofurazan (DAAzF), may have important future roles in insensitive explosive applications. Neither DAAF nor DAAzF can be initiated by laboratory impact drop tests, yet both have in some aspects better explosive performances than 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene TATB--the standard of insensitive high explosives. The thermal stability of DAAzF is equal to that of hexanitrostilbene (HNS), yet it too is a better explosive performer. The recently discovered tetrazol derivative, 3,6-bis-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-ylamino)-s-tetrazine (BTATz) was measured to have exceptional positive heats of formation and to be insensitive to explosive initiation. Because of its high burn rate with low sensitivity to pressure, this material is of great interest to the propellant community.
High-energy neutrinos, arising from decays of mesons that were produced through the cosmic rays collisions with air nuclei, form unavoidable background noise in the astrophysical neutrino detection problem. The atmospheric neutrino flux above 1 PeV should be supposedly dominated by the contribution of charmed particle decays. These (prompt) neutrinos originated from decays of massive and shortlived particles, $D^\\pm$, $D^0$, $\\bar{D}{}^0$, $D_s^\\pm$, $\\Lambda^+_c$, form the most uncertain fraction of the high-energy atmospheric neutrino flux because of poor explored processes of the charm production. Besides, an ambiguity in high-energy behavior of pion and especially kaon production cross sections for nucleon-nucleus collisions may affect essentially the calculated neutrino flux. There is the energy region where above flux uncertainties superimpose. A new calculation presented here reveals sizable differences, up to the factor of 1.8 above 1 TeV, in muon neutrino flux predictions obtained with usage of known hadronic models, SIBYLL 2.1 and QGSJET-II. The atmospheric neutrino flux in the energy range $10-10^7$ GeV was computed within the 1D approach to solve nuclear cascade equations in the atmosphere, which takes into account non-scaling behavior of the inclusive cross-sections for the particle production, the rise of total inelastic hadron-nucleus cross-sections and nonpower-law character of the primary cosmic ray spectrum. This approach was recently tested in the atmospheric muon flux calculations [1]. The results of the neutrino flux calculations are compared with the Frejus, AMANDA-II and IceCube measurement data.
S. I. Sinegovsky; A. A. Kochanov; T. S. Sinegovskaya
Harmonic generation at high intensities
Atomic electrons subject to intense laser fields can absorb many photons, leading either to multiphoton ionization or the emission of a single, energetic photon which can be a high multiple of the laser frequency. The latter process, high-order harmonic generation, has been observed experimentally using a range of laser wavelengths and intensities over the past several years. Harmonic generation spectra have a generic form: a steep decline for the low order harmonics, followed by a plateau extending to high harmonic order, and finally an abrupt cutoff beyond which no harmonics are discernible. During the plateau the harmonic production is a very weak function of the process order. Harmonic generation is a promising source of coherent, tunable radiation in the XUV to soft X-ray range which could have a variety of scientific and possibly technological applications. Its conversion from an interesting multiphoton phenomenon to a useful laboratory radiation source requires a complete understanding of both its microscopic and macroscopic aspects. We present some recent results on the response of single atoms at intensities relevant to the short pulse experiments. The calculations employ time-dependent methods, which we briefly review in the next section. Following that we discuss the behavior of the harmonics as a function of laser intensity. Two features are notable: the slow scaling of the harmonic intensities with laser intensity, and the rapid variation in the phase of the individual harmonics with respect to harmonic order. We then give a simple empirical formula that predicts the extent of the plateau for a given ionization potential, wavelength and intensity.
Schafer, K.J.; Krause, J.L.; Kulander, K.C.
High-emission cold cathode
A field-emission cathode having a multitude of field emission points for emitting a copious stream of electrons when subjected to a high field is described. The cathode is constructed by compressing a multitude of tungsten strips alternately arranged with molybdenum strips and copper ribbons or compressing alternately arranged copper plated tungsten and molybdenum strips, heating the arrangement to braze the tungsten and molybdenum strips together with the copper, machining and grinding the exposed strip edges of one side of the brazed arrangement to obtain a precisely planar surface, etching a portion of the molybdenum and copper to leave the edges of the tungsten strips protruding for electron emission, and subjecting the protruding edges of the tungsten strips to a high electric field to degas and roughen the surface to pnovide a large number of emitting points. The resulting structure is particularly useful as a cathode in a transversely excited gaseous laser where the cathode is mounted in a vacuum chamber for emitting electrons under the influence of a high electric field between the cathode and an extractor grid. The electrons pass through the extractor grid, a thin window in the wall of the laser chamber and into the laser chamber which is filled with a gaseous mixture of helium, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. A second grid is mounted on the gaseous side of the window. The electrons pass into the laser chamber under the influence of a second electric field between the second grid and an anode in the laser chamber to raise selected gas atoms of the gaseous mixture to appropriately excited states so that a subsequent coherent light beam passing through the mixture transversely to the electron stream through windows in opposite ends of the laser chamber stimulates the excited atoms to amplify the beam. (Official Gazette)
Mancebo, L.
High flux solar energy transformation
Disclosed are multi-stage systems for high flux transformation of solar energy allowing for uniform solar intensification by a factor of 60,000 suns or more. Preferred systems employ a focusing mirror as a primary concentrative device and a non-imaging concentrator as a secondary concentrative device with concentrative capacities of primary and secondary stages selected to provide for net solar flux intensification of greater than 2000 over 95 percent of the concentration area. Systems of the invention are readily applied as energy sources for laser pumping and in other photothermal energy utilization processes. 7 figures.
Winston, R.; Gleckman, P.L.; O' Gallagher, J.J.
Electokinetic high pressure hydraulic system
A compact high pressure hydraulic system having no moving parts for converting electric potential to hydraulic force and for manipulating fluids. Electro-osmotic flow is used to provide a valve and means to compress a fluid or gas in a capillary-based system. By electro-osmotically moving an electrolyte between a first position opening communication between a fluid inlet and outlet and a second position closing communication between the fluid inlet and outlet the system can be configured as a valve. The system can also be used to generate forces as large as 2500 psi that can be used to compress a fluid, either a liquid or a gas.
Disclosed are multi-stage systems for high flux transformation of solar energy allowing for uniform solar intensification by a factor of 60,000 suns or more. Preferred systems employ a focusing mirror as a primary concentrative device and a non-imaging concentrator as a secondary concentrative device with concentrative capacities of primary and secondary stages selected to provide for net solar flux intensification of greater than 2000 over 95 percent of the concentration area. Systems of the invention are readily applied as energy sources for laser pumping and in other photothermal energy utilization processes.
Winston, Roland (Chicago, IL); Gleckman, Philip L. (Chicago, IL); O' Gallagher, Joseph J. (Flossmoor, IL)
Evaluating High Efficiency Motor Retrofit
In the petrochemical and refining Industries, and most manufacturing plants, the reliable operation of AC motors always has been crucial to the continuous operation of the process. Now, the cost of operating these motors has also become a significant factor. Engineers Involved In motor specification can help lower plant operating costs and reduce electrical energy consumption dramatically by a relatively simple technique: retrofit of existing, standard-efficiency motors with new, high efficiency models. This article demonstrates strong reasons for motor retrofit, and explains step-by step how process and manufacturing engineering personnel can fully evaluate a retrofit decision.
Evans, T. A.
High voltage RF feedthrough bushing
Described is a multi-element, high voltage radio frequency bushing for trmitting RF energy to an antenna located in a vacuum container. The bushing includes a center conductor of complex geometrical shape, an outer coaxial shield conductor, and a thin-walled hollow truncated cone insulator disposed between central and outer conductors. The shape of the center conductor, which includes a reverse curvature portion formed of a radially inwardly directed shoulder and a convex portion, controls the uniformity of the axial surface gradient on the insulator cone. The outer shield has a first substantially cylindrical portion and a second radially inwardly extending truncated cone portion.
Grotz, Glenn F. (Huntington Station, NY)
High-efficiency photoionization detector
A high efficiency photoionization detector using tetraaminoethylenes in a gaseous state having a low ionization potential and a relative photoionization cross section which closely matches the emission spectrum of xenon gas. Imaging proportional counters are also disclosed using the novel photoionization detector of the invention. The compound of greatest interest is TMAE which comprises tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene which has a measured ionization potential of 5.36 +- 0.02 eV, and a vapor pressure of 0.35 torr at 20/sup 0/C.
High throughput protein production screening
Methods, compositions, and kits for the cell-free production and analysis of proteins are provided. The invention allows for the production of proteins from prokaryotic sequences or eukaryotic sequences, including human cDNAs using PCR and IVT methods and detecting the proteins through fluorescence or immunoblot techniques. This invention can be used to identify optimized PCR and WT conditions, codon usages and mutations. The methods are readily automated and can be used for high throughput analysis of protein expression levels, interactions, and functional states.
Beernink, Peter T. (Walnut Creek, CA); Coleman, Matthew A. (Oakland, CA); Segelke, Brent W. (San Ramon, CA)
The high-energy electrical discharge device described comprises an envelope, a pair of main discharge electrodes supported in opposition in the envelope, and a metallic shell symmetrically disposed around and spaced from the discharge path between the electrodes. The metallic shell comprises a first element of spaced helical turns of metallic material and a second element of spaced helical turns of methllic material insulatedly supported in superposition outside the first element and with the turns overlapping the gap between the turns of the first element.
Josephson, V.
The confinement of a high temperature plasma in a stellarator in which the magnetic confinement has tended to shift the plasma from the center of the curved, U-shaped end loops is described. Magnetic means are provided for counteracting this tendency of the plasma to be shifted away from the center of the end loops, and in one embodiment this magnetic means is a longitudinally extending magnetic field such as is provided by two sets of parallel conductors bent to follow the U-shaped curvature of the end loops and energized oppositely on the inside and outside of this curvature. (AEC)
Koenig, H.R.
High-energy Cosmic Rays
After a brief review of galactic cosmic rays in the GeV to TeV energy range, we describe some current problems of interest for particles of very high energy. Particularly interesting are two features of the spectrum, the `knee' above $10^{15}$ eV and the `ankle' above $10^{18}$ eV. An important question is whether the highest energy particles are of extra-galactic origin and, if so, at what energy the transition occurs. A theme common to all energy ranges is use of nuclear abundances as a tool for understanding the origin of the cosmic radiation.
Thomas K. Gaisser; Todor Stanev
High energy mode locked fiber oscillators for high contrast, high energy petawatt laser seed sources
In a high-energy petawatt laser beam line the ASE pulse contrast is directly related to the total laser gain. Thus a more energetic input pulse will result in increased pulse contrast at the target. We have developed a mode-locked fiber laser with high quality pulses and energies exceeding 25nJ. We believe this 25nJ result is scalable to higher energies. This oscillator has no intra-cavity dispersion compensation, which yields an extremely simple, and elegant laser configuration. We will discuss the design of this laser, our most recent results and characterization of all the key parameters relevant to it use as a seed laser. Our oscillator is a ring cavity mode-locked fiber laser [1]. These lasers operate in a self-similar pulse propagation regime characterized by a spectrum that is almost square. This mode was found theoretically [2] to occur only in the positive dispersion regime. Further increasing positive dispersion should lead to increasing pulse energy [2]. We established that the positive dispersion required for high-energy operation was approximately that of 2m of fiber. To this end, we constructed a laser cavity similar to [1], but with no gratings and only 2m of fiber, which we cladding pumped in order to ensure sufficient pump power was available to achieve mode-locked operation. A schematic of the laser is shown in figure 1 below. This laser produced low noise 25nJ pulses with a broad self similar spectrum (figure 2) and pulses that could be de-chirped to <100fs (figure 3). Pulse contrast is important in peta-watt laser systems. A major contributor to pulse contrast is amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), which is proportional to the gain in the laser chain. As the oscillator strength is increased, the required gain to reach 1PW pulses is decreased, reducing ASE and improving pulse contrast. We believe these lasers can be scaled in a stable fashion to pulse energies as high as 100nJ and have in fact seen 60nJ briefly in our lab, which is work still in progress. At this level, even if the pulses are not perfect, post-oscillator pulse cleaning can be used to create a clean high energy pulse for injection into a peta-watt laser beam line.
Dawson, J W; Messerly, M J; An, J; Kim, D; Barty, C J
Design of High Field Solenoids made of High Temperature Superconductors
This thesis starts from the analytical mechanical analysis of a superconducting solenoid, loaded by self generated Lorentz forces. Also, a finite element model is proposed and verified with the analytical results. To study the anisotropic behavior of a coil made by layers of superconductor and insulation, a finite element meso-mechanic model is proposed and designed. The resulting material properties are then used in the main solenoid analysis. In parallel, design work is performed as well: an existing Insert Test Facility (ITF) is adapted and structurally verified to support a coil made of YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7}, a High Temperature Superconductor (HTS). Finally, a technological winding process was proposed and the required tooling is designed.
Bartalesi, Antonio; /Pisa U.
High speed imager test station
A test station enables the performance of a solid state imager (herein called a focal plane array or FPA) to be determined at high image frame rates. A programmable waveform generator is adapted to generate clock pulses at determinable rates for clock light-induced charges from a FPA. The FPA is mounted on an imager header board for placing the imager in operable proximity to level shifters for receiving the clock pulses and outputting pulses effective to clock charge from the pixels forming the FPA. Each of the clock level shifters is driven by leading and trailing edge portions of the clock pulses to reduce power dissipation in the FPA. Analog circuits receive output charge pulses clocked from the FPA pixels. The analog circuits condition the charge pulses to cancel noise in the pulses and to determine and hold a peak value of the charge for digitizing. A high speed digitizer receives the peak signal value and outputs a digital representation of each one of the charge pulses. A video system then displays an image associated with the digital representation of the output charge pulses clocked from the FPA. In one embodiment, the FPA image is formatted to a standard video format for display on conventional video equipment. 12 figs.
Yates, G.J.; Albright, K.L.; Turko, B.T.
A test station enables the performance of a solid state imager (herein called a focal plane array or FPA) to be determined at high image frame rates. A programmable waveform generator is adapted to generate clock pulses at determinable rates for clock light-induced charges from a FPA. The FPA is mounted on an imager header board for placing the imager in operable proximity to level shifters for receiving the clock pulses and outputting pulses effective to clock charge from the pixels forming the FPA. Each of the clock level shifters is driven by leading and trailing edge portions of the clock pulses to reduce power dissipation in the FPA. Analog circuits receive output charge pulses clocked from the FPA pixels. The analog circuits condition the charge pulses to cancel noise in the pulses and to determine and hold a peak value of the charge for digitizing. A high speed digitizer receives the peak signal value and outputs a digital representation of each one of the charge pulses. A video system then displays an image associated with the digital representation of the output charge pulses clocked from the FPA. In one embodiment, the FPA image is formatted to a standard video format for display on conventional video equipment.
Yates, George J. (Santa Fe, NM); Albright, Kevin L. (Los Alamos, NM); Turko, Bojan T. (Moraga, CA)
High Field Phenomena of Qubits
Electron and nuclear spins are very promising candidates to serve as quantum bits (qubits) for proposed quantum computers, as the spin degrees of freedom are relatively isolated from their surroundings, and can be coherently manipulated e.g. through pulsed EPR and NMR. For solid state spin systems, impurities in crystals based on carbon and silicon in various forms have been suggested as qubits, and very long relaxation rates have been observed in such systems. We have investigated a variety of these systems at high magnetic fields in our multi-frequency pulsed EPR/ENDOR spectrometer. A high magnetic field leads to large electron spin polarizations at helium temperatures giving rise to various phenomena that are of interest with respect to quantum computing. For example, it allows the initialization of the both the electron spin as well as hyperfine-coupled nuclear spins in a well defined state by combining millimeter and RF radiation; it can increase the T2 relaxation times by eliminating decoherence due to dipolar interaction; and it can lead to new mechanisms for the coherent electrical readout of electron spins. We will show some examples of these and other effects in Si:P, SiC:N, and nitrogen-related centers in diamond.
J. van Tol; G. W. Morley; S. Takahashi; D. R. McCamey; C. Boehme; M. E. Zvanut