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US 6156880 A Abstract A process for the recovery of AFPs from natural sources, said process involving the steps of
a) isolating an AFP containing juice from the natural source;
b) heat treating the natural source or the AFP containing juice to a temperature of at least 60° C.;
c) removing the insoluble fraction.
Claims(3) 1. Frozen confectionery product comprising from 0.0001 to 0.5 wt % of an AFP having a thermal stability as evidenced by no significant reduction in ice recrystallisation inhibition properties after heat-treatment for 1 hour at 60° C., one hour at 80° C. or 10 minutes at 100° C.
2. Pre-mix suitable for use in the production of a frozen confectionery product comprising from 0.0001 to 0.5 wt % of an AFP having a thermal stability as evidenced by no significant reduction in ice recrystallisation inhibition properties after heat-treatment for 1 hour at 60° C., one hour at 80° C. or 10 minutes at 100° C.
3. Process for the preparation of a frozen confectionery product comprising the preparation of a formulation mix comprising 0.0001 to 0.5 wt % of an AFP, said AFP having a thermal stability as evidenced by no significant reduction in ice recrystallisation inhibition properties after heat-treatment for 1 hour at 60° C., one hour at 80° C. or 10 minutes at 100° C., followed by freezing the mix under quiescent conditions.
Description This is a divisional of Ser. No. 08/890,489 filed Jul. 9, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,090,917. The invention relates to a process for the isolation of anti-freeze proteins (AFPs) and frozen food product containing AFPs. Anti-freeze proteins (AFPs) have been suggested for improving the freezing tolerance of foodstuffs. For the purpose of the invention, the term AFP has the meaning as well-known in the art, namely those proteins which exhibit the activity of inhibit the growth of ice crystals. See for example U.S. Pat. No. 5,118,792. WO 90/13571 discloses antifreeze peptides produced chemically or by recombinant DNA techniques. The AFPs can suitably be used in food-products. Example 3B shows modified ice crystal shapes if a water-ice mixture is frozen into a film in combination with 0.01 wt % of AFP. WO 92/22581 discloses AFPs from plants which can be used for controlling ice crystal shape in ice-cream. This document also describes a process for extracting a polypeptide composition from extracellular spaces of plants by infiltrating leaves with an extraction medium without rupturing the plants. WO 94/03617 discloses the production of AFPs from yeast and their possible use in ice-cream. WO 96/11586 describes fish AFPs produced by microbes. Several literature places also mention the isolation and/or use of plant proteins for cryoprotection. Cryoprotective proteins have a function in the protection of plant membranes against frost damage. These proteins, however, do not possess recrystallisation inhibition properties and are, therefore, not embraced within the terms AFPs. Hincha in Journal of Plant Physiology, 1992, 140, 236-240 describes the isolation of cryoprotective proteins from cabbage. Volger in Biochimica et Biiophysica Acta, 412 (1975), 335-349 describes the isolation of cryoprotective leaf proteins from spinach. Boothe in Plant Physiol (1995), 108: 759-803 describes the isolation of proteins from Brassica napus. Again, these proteins are believed to be cryoprotective proteins rather than AFPs. Neven in Plant Molecular Biology 21: 291-305, 1993 describes the DNA characterisation of a spinach cryoprotective protein. Salzman in Abstracts and Reviews of the 18th Annual Meeting of the ASEV/Eastern Section in Am. J. Enol. Vitic., Vol. 44, No. 4, 1993 describes the presence of boiling-stable polypeptides in buds of Vitis. Although the proteins are analogous to fish antifreeze peptides, they are cryoprotective proteins and not AFPs. Lin in Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communication, Vol. 183, No. 3, 1992, pages 1103-1108 and in Lin, Plant Physiology (1992) 99, 519-525 describes the 15 kDa cryoprotective polypeptide from Arabidopsis Hakaira. Houde in The Plant Journal (1995) 8(4), 583-593 mentions cryoprotective proteins from wheat. Furthermore -as illustrated in example VIII--extracts of cabbage, spinach, Brassica napus and Arabidopsis do not have recrystallisation inhibition proteins after heating. Up till now, however the use of AFPs has not been applied to commercially available food products. One reason for this are the high costs and complicated process for obtaining AFPs. Another reason is that the AFPs which until now have been suggested for use in frozen food products cannot be incorporated in the standard formulation mix, because they tend to destabilise during processing especially during the pasteurisation step. This destabilisation is believed to be caused by the denaturation of the AFPs; this is a well-known effect commonly observed for peptides and proteins. The present invention aims at providing solutions to these problems. Surprisingly it has been found that AFPs can be isolated from natural sources such as cold-acclimatised plants by means of a new relatively simple process. This process leads for the first time to the identification of AFPs which can conveniently be incorporated in a mix for the preparation of frozen products before the pasteurisation. thereof. Accordingly in a first aspect, the invention relates to a process for the recovery of AFPs from natural sources, said process involving the steps of a) isolating a AFP containing juice from the natural source; b) heat treating the natural source or the AFP containing juice to a temperature of at least 60° C.; c) removing the insoluble fraction. Step c of the above process will usually take place after steps a and b. Step a and b can be done in any desired order, for example step a followed by step b (in that case the AFP rich juice will be heated) or step b followed by step a (in that case the natural source will be heated) or step a and b simultaneously. Surprisingly we have found that the isolation process of the invention has a number of advantages. Firstly by using the process it is no longer necessary to avoid rupturing of the natural source such as plants such as required in the processes according to WO 92/22581. This immediately significantly increases the commercial applicability of the process, for example as compared to WO 92/22581, because high investment costs for specific processing are no longer necessary. Also by using the high temperatures it seems possible to extract from a large group of peptides present in the natural sources a new selection of very active AFPs from the natural material, said AFPs including peptides which are very active w.r.t. ice-recrystallisation inhibition properties. Thirdly, contrary to expectations, the use of high temperatures does not denature all the proteinaceous material, but does only seem to denature some of the proteins, while the remaining AFPs have an increased temperature stability. This renders it possible to include the isolated AFPs in compositions which need to be subjected to higher temperatures e.g. a pasteurization step. This is especially surprising, because for example the AFPs from WO 92/22581 appear not stable under heating conditions (see example VI). The process of the invention includes in step b the heating of the natural source or the AFP rich juice to a temperature of more than 60° C. Preferably the temperature is from 60 to 110° C., most preferably from 80 to 105° C. The heating step can take place after the isolation of the protein rich juice (step a) or before the isolation of the protein rich juice. Any suitable way to heat the juice can be used, for example conventional or microwave heating, heating optionally with an added extraction medium, steaming etc. If an extraction medium is used, preferably it is used in small volumes to avoid unnecessary dilution of the AFP fraction. Any suitable extraction medium can be used, although the use of water is especially preferred. If desired, additives may be added to the water prior to using it as an extraction medium. Most preferred, however water substantially free of additives is used. The process of the invention can be applied to any natural source of heat-stable AFPs. Included in this list are plants, fishes, insects and microorganisms. Both natural occurring species may be used or species which have been obtained through genetic modification. For example micro-organisms or plants may be genetically modified to express AFPs and the AFPs may then be isolated in accordance to the present invention. AFPs having at least 80%, more preferred more than 95%, most preferred 100% homology to the AFPs directly obtained from natural sources can thus be obtained. For the purpose of the invention proteins possessing this high level of homology are also embraced within the term AFPs. Also these transformed microorganism or plants capable of expressing genes encoding the AFPs are also embraced within the scope of the invention. Genetic manipulation techniques may be used to produce the heat stable AFPs described in the invention. An appropriate host cell or organism would be transformed by a gene construct that encodes the desired heat stable polypeptide. The nucleotide sequence coding for the heat stable polypeptide can be inserted into a suitable expression vector containing the necessary elements for transcription and translation and in a manner that they will be expressed under appropriate conditions (eg in proper orientation and correct reading frame and with appropriate targeting and expression sequences). The methods required to construct these expression vectors are well known to those skilled in the art. A number of expression systems may be utilised to express the heat stable polypeptide coding sequence. These include, but are not limited to, bacteria, yeast insect cell systems, plant cell culture systems and plants all transformed with the appropriate expression vectors. A wide variety of plants and plant cell systems can be transformed with the nucleic acid constructs of the polypeptides isolated in the heat stable extract. Preferred embodiments would include, but are not limited to, maize, tomato, tobacco, carrots, strawberries, rape seed and sugar beet. Preferably the AFP is derived from plants (this means that either the AFP is directly obtained from the plant as natural source or AFPs having a high degree of homology to these AFPs are transgenetically produced in other organisms). Any plant containing heat stable AFPs can be used, preferably however are naturally occurring plants (or their genetic modified versions) which are able to grow under cold conditions such that they contain AFPs. Especially preferred is the use of winter-rye, perennial grasses and sedges. Other suitable plants may for example come from the group of woody plants, winter-cereals etc. Especially preferably the heat stable AFPs are derived from Acer saccharoides, Bamboo, Buddleia, Isothecium myosuroides, Ramalina farinaceae, Usnea subfloridana, Forsythia, Oxalis, Poa Trivialis, Lolium Perenne, Holcus Lanatus, Bromus Sterilis, Parodiochloa flabellata, Deschampsia antartica, Carex aquatilis, Colobanthus quintensis and Agrostis tenuis, Festuca contracta and Poa annua. The AFP rich juice can be separated from its source by any convenient process for example pressing, filtering, homogenising, extraction etc. Preferably the natural source of AFP such as the plant material is made into small pieces or into a slurry before the protein rich fraction is collected, for example by filtering. This maceration can be done by any suitable method, for example in a blender. It will be well within the ability of the skilled person to divide the material into such a form that collection of the protein rich juice can readily take place. After collecting and heating (in the desired order) the protein fraction the resulting AFP containing sample can then be treated by any convenient process in order to remove the insoluble fraction and retain the AFP rich liquid fraction. The insoluble fraction can be removed e.g. by filtering, precipitation etc. The AFP rich liquid can then advantageously be further processed to concentrate or isolate the AFPs to bring them in a form suitable for further use. Examples of suitable processes are drying to obtain a powder or paste, further concentration to obtain an AFP concentrate, chromatography to separate the AFPs from the extraction medium etc. Again it will be well within the ability of the skilled person to determine the suitable means and conditions for appropriate isolation. For some natural sources the AFPs obtained by the above methods may consist of a mixture of two or more different AFPs. If desired these AFPs can be separated by any conventional process for example chromatography or other processes based on the differences in physical/chemical properties such as molecular weight. Also if desired the amino acid composition and sequence of the isolated AFPs can be determined. Any suitable method for determining these can be used. Examples of suitable methods are described in the examples. Also if desired the nucleic acid sequence that encodes the AFPs can be determined. Vector containing a nucleic acid sequence capable of encoding the amino acids are also embraced within the scope of the invention. Based on the above information it is also possible to genetically modify other natural sources such that they produce the advantageous AFPs as identified here-above. Examples of suitable AFPs are described in the examples. It has been found that the AFPs obtained by the above process have an increased ability to withstand thermal treatment. It is believed that such AFPs have never before been isolated. As described above this increased thermal resistance is particularly of interest for use in food-products which undergo a heating step, for example pasteurisation. Accordingly another aspect of the invention relates to AFPs which have a thermal stability as evidenced by no significant reduction in the recrystallisation inhibition properties after heat-treatment for one hour at 80° C. or 10 minutes at 100° C. A suitable test for determining the ice recrystallisation inhibition properties is described in the examples and involves the quick freezing to -40° C. followed by storage for one hour at -6° C. Preferably AFPs which are subject to this test after heat-treatment result in an ice crystal particle size which is less than 5 μm larger than the ice crystal size of a sample with the same AFP which was not heat-treated. Preferably the difference is less than 3 μm, most preferred less than 1 μm. Preferably those AFPs are chosen which have significant ice-recrystallisation inhibition properties. A suitable test for determining the recrystallisation inhibition properties is indicated in the example VI. Preferably AFPs in accordance to the invention provide a ice particle size following an ice recrystallisation inhibition assay -as described in the examples--of 15 μM or less, more preferred from 5 to 15 μm. The AFPs can conveniently be used in food products, preferably in food products which are frozen or intended to be frozen. Especially preferred is the use of AFPs in products which are heated e.g. by pasteurisation or sterilisation prior to freezing. Especially preferred is the use in frozen confectionery products. Examples of such food products are: frozen confectionery mixes such as ice-cream mixes and water-ice mixes which are intended to be pasteurised prior to freezing. Such mixes are usually stored at ambient temperature. Suitable product forms are for example: a powder mix which is packed for example in a bag or in sachets. Said mix being capable of forming the basis of the frozen food product e.g. after addition of water and optionally other ingredients and -optional--aeration. Another example of a suitable mix could be a liquid mix (optionally aerated) which, if necessary after addition of further components and optional further aeration can be frozen. The clear advantage of the above mentioned mixes is that the presence of the AFP ingredient makes that the mixes can be frozen under quiescent conditions, for example in a shop or home freezer without the formation of unacceptable ice crystal shapes and hence with a texture different to products normally obtained via quiescent freezing. Very conveniently these mixes are packed in closed containers (e.g. cartons, bags, boxes, plastic containers etc). For single portions the pack size will generally be from 10 to 1000 g. For multiple portions pack sizes of up to 500 kg may be suitable. Generally the pack size will be from 10 g to 5000 g. As indicated above the preferred products wherein the AFPs are used are frozen confectionery product such as ice-cream or water-ice. Preferably the level of AFPs is from 0.0001 to 0.5 wt % based on the final product. If dry-mixes or concentrates are used, the concentration may be higher in order to ensure that the level in the final frozen product is within the above ranges. Surprisingly it has been found that compositions of the invention can contain very low amounts of AFPs while still being of good quality. Surprisingly it has been found that the level of AFPs can be as low as 0.1 to 50 ppm while still providing adequate recrystallisation properties and temperature tolerance in frozen confectionery products. Although applicants do by no means wish to be bound by any theory, the reason for this may be that the interaction between the solids of the frozen confectionery and the AFPs provides an excellent mechanism for inhibiting crystal growth. Most conveniently the level of AFP is from 1 to 40 ppm, especially preferred from 2 to 10 ppm. For the purpose of the invention the term frozen confectionery product includes milk containing frozen confections such as ice-cream, frozen yoghurt, sherbet, sorbet, ice milk and frozen custard, water-ices, granitas and frozen fruit purees. For some applications the use in fermented food products is less preferred. Preferably a the level of solids in the frozen confection (e.g. sugar, fat, flavouring etc) is more than 4 wt %, for example more than 30 wt %, more preferred from 40 to 70 wt %. Frozen confectionery products according to the invention can be produced by any method suitable for the production of frozen confectionery. Especially preferably however all the ingredients of the formulation are fully mixed before pasteurisation and before the freezing process starts. The freezing process may advantageously involve a hardening step, for example to a temperature of -30 Fahrenheit or lower. Isolation of AFPs by first collecting the juice followed by heat treatment and isolation of the AFP. Winter rye (Halo variety) was cut in January (mean temperature in that month was 3.5° C. ensuring the appropriate cold acclimatization of the plants). The tissue was rapidly transported into the laboratory for further handling and washed thoroughly with water to remove dirt. 400 g of the clippings were homogenised at ambient temperature in a Waring blender with 800 g water until the leaf tissue was completely disrupted. The AFP rich juice was collected by filtering through 4 layers of muslin. The AFP rich juice was then subjected to a temperature treatment by boiling the juice for 10 minutes. This caused the precipitation of protein while the AFP for use in accordance to the invention remained in solution. The supernatant was separated from the precipitate by centrifuging at 15,000 g for 20 minutes or by further filtration through muslin. The AFPs can be isolated from the supernatant by freeze drying. For control purposes an apoplastic extract (extracellular extract) of winter rye can be obtained as follows: The leaves from 30 days cold acclimated rye plants were cut into 3 cm lengths and thoroughly washed in distilled water to remove any cell contents. The leaf pieces were patted dry on paper towel and totally immersed in an extraction medium of 5 mM EDTA, 10 mM ascorbic acid, 2 mM caproic acid, 2 mM benzamidine and 1 mM Phenylmethylsulphonyl Fluoride (PMSF). They were then vacuum infiltrated in a Buchner flask for 60 minutes after which time the leaves were removed and patted completely dry. They were then arranged lengthways is a cut off plastic syringe barrel and centrifuged gently at 2000×g for 30 minutes. The apoplastic extract was collected in an eppendorf tube below the syringe. Isolation of AFPs by first heating the natural source, followed by isolating the AFP rich juice and isolation of the AFP. Mixed grass tissue (Poa Trivialis, Lolium Perenne, Holcus Lanatus, Bromus Sterilis) was cut in January (mean temperature in that month was 3.5° C. ensuring the appropriate cold acclimatization of the plants). The grass tissue was rapidly transported into the laboratory for further handling and washed thoroughly with water to remove dirt. 500 g of grass clippings was placed in a 650 Watt microwave oven and heated at full power for 5 minutes, whereby the temperature was raised to 85 to 100° C. The grass clippings were then cooled to ambient temperature. Alternatively the grass clippings are mixed with 500 g boiling water and the mixture is re-heated to 100° C. followed by boiling for 10 minutes under stirring and then allowed to cool to 60 ° C. After the heating step the AFP rich juice was separated from the clippings by filtering. The mass was stirred continuously for 5 minutes in the presence of an equal volume of water and then squeezed through 3 layers of muslin. The supernatant can be freeze dried to remove the water followed by storage. Alternatively the supernatant can be frozen for storage. A liquid pre-mix for preparing ice-cream was made by mixing: ______________________________________Ingredient % by weigh______________________________________Skimmed milk powder 11.390 Sucrose 3.410 Maltodextrine (MD40) 4.000 Locust bean gum 0.072 Corn Syrup 63DE 20.705 Guar Gum 0.048 Genulacta L100 0.020 Butter 9.015 Avicel RC581 0.240 Gelatin 0.140 Monoglyceride (palmitate) 0.450 Vanillin 0.010 AFP (of example I*) 0.100 or none (control) Water balance______________________________________ *Note: AFP is added as concentrated AFP solution using some of the added water as a diluent, percentage refers to amount of AFP. This mix can conveniently be pasteurised at 85° C. for 15 seconds and stored chilled in a can. The mixes can be used in the preparation of a ice-cream by whipping with a conventional house-hold mixer to an overrun of about 100%, followed by quiescently freezing into a house-hold freezer. The composition according to the invention had a markedly better texture than the control sample. Very good results are obtained by using the AFP of Example II instead of the AFP of example I. A liquid premix for the preparation of ice-cream was prepared by mixing: ______________________________________Ingredient % by weight______________________________________Skimmed milk powder 10.00 sucrose 13.00 maltodextrine (MD40) 4.00 Locust bean gum 0.14 butter oil 8.00 monoglyceride (palmitate) 0.30 vanillin 0.01 AFP (of example I*) 0.01 or none (control) water balance______________________________________ *Note: AFP is added as concentrated AFP solution in some of the water, percentage refers to amount of AFP. The ingredients were mixed at ambient temperature followed by pasteurisation for 60 seconds at 89° C. The mix was aseptically filled into packs of 500 ml, sealed and stored at ambient temperatures. The mix can be used for the preparation of ice-cream by whipping it with a conventional house-hold mixer to an overrun of about 70% followed by freezing under quiescent conditions in a house-hold freezer. After two months storage the composition according to the invention had a markedly better texture than the control sample. Very good results are obtained by using the AFP of Example II instead of the AFP of example I. Example IV was repeated, but now the ice-cream mix was pre-aerated to an overrun of 70% prior to aseptically filling and sealing. The resulting product can be stored at ambient temperature and an ice-cream can be produced by placing the mix in a house-hold freezer and freezing under quiescent conditions. The ice recrystallisation inhibition properties of the AFPs can determined as follows: A sample of an AFP containing product was adjusted to a sucrose level of 30 wt % (If the starting level of the sample was more than 30% this was done by dilution, if the starting level was lower sucrose was added to the 30% level). A 3 μL drop of the sample was placed on a 22 mm coverslip. A 16 mm diameter cover-slip was then placed on top and a 200 g weight was placed on the sample to ensure a uniform slide thickness. The edges of the coverslip were sealed with clear nail varnish. The slide was placed on a Linkham THM 600 temperature controlled microscope stage. the stage was cooled rapidly (50° C. per minute) to -40° C. to produce a large population of small crystals. The stage temperature was then raised rapidly (50° C. per minute) to -6° C. and held at this temperature. The ice-phase was observed at -6° C. using a Leica Aristoplan microscope. Polarised light conditions in conjunction with a lambda plate were used to enhance the contrast of the ice crystals. The state of the ice phase (size of ice crystals) was recorded by 35 mm photomicrography at T=0 and T=1 hour. Generally this test can be applied to any suitable composition comprising AFP and water. Generally the level of AFP in such a test composition is not very critical and can for example be from 0.0001 to 0.5 wt %, more preferred 0.0005 to 0.1 wt %, most preferred 0.001 to 0.05 wt %, for example 0.01 wt % Any suitable composition comprising AFP and water can be used to carry out the test. Generally, however, it will not be necessary to obtain the AFP in purified form. For practical applications normally it would suffice to prepare a liquid extract or juice of natural material, wherein this extract or juice can then be tested. This method can be applied for example to the AFP containing extracts as obtained in example I or II, with or without a concentration step. The recrystallisation inhibition properties of several samples was measured. The samples were obtained from rye which were harvested at several moments during the year. The AFP juices obtained after extraction and heating in accordance to example I were measured for their recrystallisation properties as above. As a comparison rye was used which was grown in a greenhouse (at temperatures which normally do not induce AFP formation) The following ice crystal sizes were measured ______________________________________Sample Ice crystal size after 1 hour (μm)______________________________________Control 25 sample December 17 sample January 10 sample February 15 sample March 18 sample April 18 sample May 25______________________________________ These measurements show that for good AFP activity the plants should be harvested during the winter months e.g. December-April. Especially preferred are samples capable of providing ice crystal sizes of 15 μm or less. In this case this can be achieved by harvesting the plants in January or February. The same measurements were done on the AFP samples of January which were heat treated (1 hour at 60° C.). No significant reduction in recrystallisation properties was observed. As a comparison the apoplastic extract of example I was used. This resulted in a final ice crystal size after 1 hour of 11.1 μm; after heat treatment by boiling for 10 minutes at 100° C. the test resulted after 1 hour in a ice crystal size of 16.8 μm. This example shows that the apoplastic extract from winter rye is not heat stable. Non heat treated grass extract from grass harvested in January was obtained from Silsoe (UK). The extract was centrifuged for 1 hour to remove soil and insoluble debris as follows, Centrifuge:Sorvall RC3C, Rotor:H6000A,Temperature:+5° C., Rotor Speed:5000 rpm(7268 g). A sample of the extract was freeze dried to determine its total solids content. This was found to be 11.48 mg/ml. The dried extract was then rehydrated with 30% Sucrose solution to its original total solids concentration. Several solutions were prepared by diluting the extract as necessary with 30% Sucrose solution. Antifreeze activity was measured using the assay of example VI. The T=0 and T=1 hour pictures from the recrystallisation inhibition assays had their mean ice crystal sizes measured using the Zeiss TGA 10 analyser. The results obtained are shown in the table below. ______________________________________ Ice Crystal Size Ice Crystal Total (μm) Growth in 1 Solids T = 1 hour hour at -6° C. Sample (mg/ml) T = 0 at -6° C. (μm)______________________________________Undiluted 11.48 5.2 7.3 2.1 50% Extract 5.74 5.5 7.6 2.1 25% Extract 2.87 6.3 8.9 2.6 12.5% Extract 1.435 6.6 13.1 6.5 6.25% Extract 0.7175 8.1 14.7 6.6 3.125% 0.359 7.4 17.0 9.6 Extract 1.5625% 0.179 9.0 20.3 11.3 Extract______________________________________ These results show the variation in final crystal size and the change in ice crystal size over 1 hour at -6° C. for the various dilutions of grass extract. It can be seen that the solids level in the grass extract can be varied in a wide range while still good recrystallisation inhibition properties are obtained. Preferably those concentrations are chosen which result in an ice crystal size after 1 hour of 15 micrometer or less. A similar test was done with grass extract which had been subjected to heat treatment (10 minutes at 100° C.). No significant deterioration of recrystallisation inhibition properties was seen. Additionally the grass extracts of example II were tested using the same recrystallisation inhibition test. The following results were obtained: ______________________________________Heat Crystal Size in μmtreatment T = 0 T = 1______________________________________60° C. 1 hour 9.6 11.1 Boil 10 minutes 9.8 11.3______________________________________ These results show that even after heating the extract of cold acclimatised grass maintained the ability to inhibit ice crystal growth. Several AFP containing plants were harvested in January. Extracts were obtained by grounding fresh tissue, for example roots, stems, buds or leaves with a pestle and mortar (cooled to 4° C.) in a equal volume of buffer A (10 mM EDTA, 20 mM Ascorbic acid, buffered with Tris to pH 7.4) held on ice. The homogenates are filtered through one or more layers of muslin and kept on ice prior to further used. The extracts were subjected to the recrystallisation inhibition test of example VI both after heating for 60 C for 1 hour and boiling for 10 minutes. The following plants contained heat stable AFPs as evidenced by the maintenance of recrystallisation inhibition properties: Acer saccharoides, Bamboo, Buddleia, Isothecium myosuroides, Ramalina farinaceae, Usnea subfloridana, Forsythia, Oxalis, Poa Trivialis, Lolium Perenne, Holcus Lanatus, Bromus Sterilis, Parodiochloa flabellata, Deschampsia antartica, Carex aquatilis, Colobanthus quintensis and Agrostis tenuis, Festuca contracta and Poa annua. The following plants did not contain heat stable AFPs: cabbage, spinach, Brassica napus and Arabinopsis. The thermal hysteresis activity of the AFPs can be tested as follows: 1 ml samples were placed in Eppendorfs in a hot water bath and heated for 1 hour at 60° C. The thermal hysteresis properties of the sample were then measured as follows: The melted product is placed on a microslide (Camlab Cambridge, path length 0.1 mm). The ends of the microslide are sealed with petroleum jelly. Ice is introduced into the sample using an aerosol freezing spray. The slide was then immersed in ethanol temperature regulated bath at -0.1° C. After 5 minute equilibration the sample is checked. if the ice melts completely the temperature of the bath was lowered in 0.1° C. steps followed by equilibration. These steps are repeated until a temperature was reached where a small amount of ice crystals exist in the sample. After equilibration at that temperature, the bath temperature was decreased in steps of 0.01° C. per minute. The freezing point of the sample is recorded as the temperature at which the ice propagation begins from the equilibrated crystals. The melting temperature of the sample is then determined by raising the temperature starting at the freezing point in steps of 0.01° C. per minute until all ice crystals melt. This temperature is the melting temperature of the sample. The thermal hysteresis of the sample is the difference between the melting temperature and the freezing temperature. This test procedure is done on a first sample (prior to heat treatment) and on a second sample after heat treatment, followed by cooling. Similarly the heat stability can be determined by the above test wherein the sample is boiled in water for 30 seconds followed by determining the thermal hysteresis. The thermal hysteresis of several samples was measured. The samples were obtained from winter-rye which were harvested at several moments during the year. The AFP juices obtained after extraction and heating in accordance to example I were measured for their thermal hysteresis as in example VI. As a comparison winter-rye was used which was grown in a greenhouse (at temperatures which normally do not induce AFP formation) The following thermal hysteresis was measured ______________________________________Sample Thermal hysteresis (° C.)______________________________________Control 0.04 sample December 0.18 sample January 0.21 sample February 0.17 sample March 0.15 sample April 0.12 sample May 0.05______________________________________ These measurements show that for good AFP activity the plants should be harvested during the winter months e.g. December-March. The same measurements were done on the AFP samples of January which were heat treated (1 hour at 60° C.) No significant reduction in thermal hysteresis was observed. Determination of amino acid sequence of AFPs The heat stable grass extract of example II was concentrated approximately ten times using an Amicon ultrafiltration chamber with 10 kDa cut-off membrane. The resulting concentrate was loaded onto a Mono Q (Pharmacia) HR 5/5 FPLC anion exchange column. Binding to the column was in 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer pH 8.5 and the RI active fraction was eluted with a linear gradient of NaCl to a final concentration of 0.5M in the same pH 8.5 Tris buffer. Chromatography was carried out at a flow rate of 1 ml min-1 and 1 ml fractions were collected and assayed for recrystallisation inhibition activity (as in example IX). The active fractions were pooled together and concentrated to a volume of 0.05 ml on a centricon PM10 centrifugal concentrator (Amicon) centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 minutes in a Sorvall SS 34 rotor (8×50 ml). The concentrate was loaded onto a Superdex 75 PC 3.2/30 gel filtration column running on a SMART microseparation system (Pharmacia). The column was eluted with 50 mM Tris/HCl buffer pH 8.5 at a flow rate of 0.05 ml min-1. Fractions of 0.05 ml were collected after the sample was loaded to a total volume of 3.5 ml. Fractions were assayed for recrystalliszation inhibition activity (as in example IX) and the most active fractions were subjected to separation on an SDS PAGE gel and electroblotting prior to N-terminal sequencing. The active Superdex 75 fractions were taken up in gel loading buffer (50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 6.8, 10% glycerol, 10 mM dithiothreitol, 2% SDS) and then separated on a 10% polyacrylamide gel following the Laemmli method. After electrophoresis the gel was sandwiched against a sheet of methanol wetted Problott (Perkin Elmer) membrane and electroblotted at 20 volts for 16 hours in 10 mM 3(cyclohexylamino)-1-propane sulphonic acid (CAPS) buffer (pH 11.0) containing 10% methanol. After blotting, the membrane was washed briefly with methanol and then milli Q (Millipore) water and the bound proteins visualised with a solution of 0.1% (w/v) coomassie brilliant blue. Two protein bands of apparent molecular weights 25 kDa and 35 kDa were visualised by the coomassie staining. The 35 kDa protein appeared to particularly closely correlate to the most RI active fractions. Both of these bands were excised with a scalpel blade and sequenced. An unstained area of the membrane corresponding to an apparent molecular weight of 65-75 kDa was also subjected to sequencing as silver staining of gels of the most active fractions had previously shown a protein band at this molecular weight. All three excised areas of membrane were sequenced by loading into a Blott sequencing cartridge and the sequence determined using reaction and conversion cycles as described by the manufacturer (Perkin-Elmer). N-terminal sequence-listings are given below. The 25 kDa AFP comprises a sequence from the N terminus substantially homologous to:-ALA-THR-ILE-THR-ALA-VAL-ALA-VAL-LEU-LYS-X-THR-VAL-GLU-VAL-X-ILE-VAL-PRO-THR (SEQ ID NO: 1) The 35 kDa AFP comprises a sequence from the N terminus substantially homologous to:-ALA-GLN- PHE-THR-ILE-THR-ASN-LYS-CYS-GLN-PHE-THR-VAL-TRP-ALA-ALA-X-VAL-PRO (SEQ ID NO: 2) The 65-70 kDa AFP comprises a sequence from the N terminus substantially homologous to:-X-GLU-GLN-PRO-ASN-THR-ILE-X-GLY-THR (SEQ ID NO: 3) In each sequence X denotes an unknown which may be any amino acid found in plant proteins. For the purpose of the invention the term substantially homologous refers to at least 80% overlap in amino acids, more preferred more than 90%, most preferred 95 to 100%. __________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING - - - - <160> NUMBER OF SEQ ID NOS: 3 - - <210> SEQ ID NO 1 <211> LENGTH: 20 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: MIXED GRASS <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: UNSURE <222> LOCATION: (11)..(16) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa represents any amino - #acid found inplant protein - - <400> SEQUENCE: 1 - - Ala Thr Ile Thr Ala Val Ala Val Leu Lys Xa - #a Thr Val Glu ValXaa 1 5 - # 10 - # 15 - - Ile Val Pro Thr 20 - - - - <210> SEQ ID NO 2 <211> LENGTH: 19 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: MIXED GRASS <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: UNSURE <222> LOCATION: (17) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa represents any amino - #acid found in plant protein - - <400> SEQUENCE: 2 - - Ala Gln Phe Thr Ile Thr Asn Lys Cys Gln Ph - #e Thr Val Trp Ala Ala 1 5 - # 10 - # 15 - - Xaa Val Pro - - - - <210> SEQ ID NO 3 <211> LENGTH: 10 <212> TYPE: PRT <213> ORGANISM: MIXED GRASS <220> FEATURE: <221> NAME/KEY: UNSURE <222> LOCATION: (1)..(8) <223> OTHER INFORMATION: Xaa represents any amino - #acid found in plant protein - - <400> SEQUENCE: 3 - - Xaa Glu Gln Pro Asn Thr Ile Xaa Gly Thr 1 5 - # 10__________________________________________________________________________ Patent Citations
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Poor results, but banks add momentum
PUBLISHED: 20 Feb 2013 16:52:00 | UPDATED: 21 Feb 2013 04:20:27PUBLISHED: 20 Feb 2013 PRINT EDITION: 20 Feb 2013Investors' appetite for banking stocks offset the worst day of the reporting season – including an underwhelming result from BHP Billiton and a big miss from rail group Aurizon – and drove Australian equities higher.
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Topics | Company News, Financial Markets /Equities Markets |

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Here's What Andrej Pejic Wore to Meet the Queen
Royalty deserves a little vintage Versace, you know.
READ MORE »Royalty deserves a little vintage Versace, you know.
READ MORE »Also, Andrej Pejic posed as Marilyn Monroe.
READ MORE »He's got long varnished fingernails and lots of shiny eye shadow.
READ MORE »ZOMG the palace calls!
READ MORE »His girlish good looks are quite captivating.
READ MORE »Plus, Neiman Marcus is undergoing major staff shake-ups, and Christian Lacroix is directing a museum exhibit in Paris.


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Women's college basketball season anything but predictable
Michelle SmithUConn is not on top. Breanna Stewart hasn't looked like the nation's best player. Yes, the season is barely more than a month old, but it has been full of surprises.
Story | Conversation | December 18, 2014 -
Morgan Tuck, Kiah Stokes step up in Connecticut Huskies' win over...
Michelle SmithSince losing last month, Geno Auriemma has challenged his players to step up and fill the void left in Storrs by graduation. In a victory at Notre Dame on Saturday, Morgan Tuck and Kiah Stokes answered the call.
Story | Conversation | December 06, 2014 -
Five things we learned about the Connecticut Huskies
Michelle SmithThe top team in the country stumbled at Stanford. What did the loss teach us about No. 1 Connecticut?
Story | Conversation | November 18, 2014 -
Stanford Cardinal knock off No. 1 Connecticut Huskies, snap 47-ga...
Michelle SmithIt's only November and there's a lot of season left, but it got a lot more interesting Monday as Stanford stunned two-time defending NCAA champion UConn and snapped the Huskies' 47-game winning streak.
Story | Conversation | November 17, 2014 -
2013 Women's Final Four - UConn Huskies freshman Breanna Stewart ...
Michelle SmithBreanna Stewart became the first freshman since 1987 to win most outstanding player honors in the Final Four after another stellar performance propelled Connecticut to a 93-60 win over Louisville.
Story | Conversation | April 09, 2013 -
espnW Headliners -- Connecticut freshman Breanna Stewart exceedin...
Michelle SmithEmbracing the scrutiny, heralded UConn freshman Breanna Stewart is already showing she has what it takes to become the next great Husky.
Story | Conversation | January 04, 2013 -
Women's college basketball - Connecticut Huskies rout Stanford Ca...
Michelle SmithThe game was a blowout, a 61-35 shellacking of No. 1 Stanford, but UConn coach Geno Auriemma and Cardinal coach Tara VanDerveer learned plenty about their teams.
Story | Conversation | December 29, 2012 -
Women's college basketball - Connecticut Huskies to meet Stanford...
Michelle SmithFor the third time in four years, Stanford and Connecticut clash in a battle of the top two ranked teams in the country.
Story | Conversation | December 26, 2012


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Slipper sides with Labor on carbon bill
PUBLISHED: 11 Oct 2012 11:29:00 | UPDATED: 12 Oct 2012 04:10:55PUBLISHED: 11 Oct 2012 PRINT EDITION: 12 Oct 2012Former speaker Peter Slipper has supported Labor to defeat an opposition move to embarrass the Government over the carbon tax, in the first indication of how he will cast his vote after resigning this week.
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Swansea Internet Access Hotels, Lodging, and Places to StayHere are the top Swansea internet access listings so you can find the best in Swansea for your trip. Read these internet access reviews written by real travelers. You can narrow these results using the filters to the left.
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For sale is the very desirable 1967 VW Beetle matching numbers. The car has not been modified and is in its stock original condition.... More
1967 Volkswagen BeetleMotor 1796 vehicle runs great brand new engine bug was only driven to car shows invested too much money on vehicle but... More
NO RESERVE!! Gerald Byrd Collection. Crossing Auction Block Saturday- March 7th at approx 2pm... More
1967 VW BEETLE 1500 , 12 VOLTS, BARN FIND FROM NORTH CAROLINA, ALL STOCK, ROCK SOLID BODY AND UNDER SIDES, RUNS AND DRIVES EXCELLENT. THIS... More
BOUGHT IN CALIFORNIA FROM ORIGINAL OWNER IN 2008 BY THE CURRENT OWNER. RESTORED BY HIGHLY RESPECTED JEWELS RESTORATION. THE METAL FLOOR PAN, BODY &... More
I have a 1967 Volkswagen with the original Ruby Red paint from the manufacturer. I bought the car in 2000 and have restored it... More
Most Desirable Year for Beetle!! Complete Nut & Bolt Restoration Yukon Yellow w/Black Interior & Top New for 67 1500 cc Engine!! Finished in its original color of... More
1967 Volkswagen Beetle New Chrome trim, New clutch, flywheel,throwout bearing, new front and rear bumpers, new paint, carboarator, alternator kit, exhaust, windsheld, breaks, drums,... More


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Fresh, Affordable, Homemade Baker's Place Restaurant & Catering
905 Grant Ave SE
Located at the Northwest Technical College
Billboard - The latest coupons and news on this business!
Whether serving for small office parties or big occasions like your wedding day, we make sure to give you delicious dishes to cap off your event.
Bakers Place Restaurant & Catering of Bemidji, MN provides catering services for your special occasion. Whether serving for small office parties or big occasions like your wedding day, we make sure to give you delicious dishes to cap off your event.
Our Menu Includes:
Hors d'oeuvres ( small: approximately 15 to 20, large: approximately 25 to 35 )
Hot hors d'oeuvres (small: 50, large: 100 )
Entrees ( served with vegetables, fresh bread, and choice of side)
Vegetable choice
Breakfast option
Sweet treats
Lunch options
Sheet cakes (serves 100) and professional wedding cakes
We Cater To:
Tailgate parties
Groom's dinners
Office parties
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With over 20 years of experience, our resident chef Brian Baker is willing to accept all menu requests. You can choose from buffet style, or sit-down dinner with servers available. Our services may come with delivery, setup, and service charge.
Call Bakers Place Restaurant & Catering today at 218-333-6633. You may also opt to visit our restaurant lcoated at the Northwest Technical College.
Cell: 218-556-6739
Category: Restaurants|Event Facilities|Wedding Services|Catering
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Toni - posted on 07/24/2009 ( 3 moms have responded )
Hey all, I have such deep purple stretch marks, and my son is now 2 months. Ive been using bio oil for almost 2 months straight with no changes yet. Has anyone had success with this product... i just dont wana be wasting money!!!
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What does YAL mean in File Extensions?
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"YAL." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 3 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/43224>.
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"The language of power has become frantically reformist. It shows nothing but well-being in every store window, all sold at the best price; it denounces the ever-present defects of its own system. The owners of society have suddenly discovered that everything has to be changed without delay, in teaching as in urbanism, just as thoroughly in the way work is lived as well as in technological orientation. In short, this world has lost the confidence of all its governments; they then propose to dissolve it and constitute another. They only observe that they are more qualified than revolutionaries to undertake this overthrow that requires such experience and such incredible means, which they justly possess and, therefore, which they are accustomed to using. Look at them, wearing their hearts on their sleeves, those regulators who shoulder the obligation of programming the qualitative, and those managers of pollution whose first task they have assigned themselves is to lead the struggle against their own pollution. However, confronted with the old defeats of the revolution, modern capitalism had previously presented itself as a reformism that had succeeded. It prided itself on having achieved this liberty and this commodity well-being. One day, it hoped to succeed in delivering its paid slaves, if not from salaried work, then at least from the abundant remains of deprivation and excessive inequality inherited from its formative period -- or, more precisely, from those deprivations that it saw fit to recognize as such. Today, what's more, it promises to deliver them from all the new perils and displeasures that it is precisely engaged in mass-producing, as an essential characteristic of the most modern commodity taken in its entirety, and it is the same expanding production, touted so highly up until now as the ultimate cure-all, which will have to correct itself, always under the exclusive control of the same bosses. The discomfiture of the old world appears fully in this ridiculous language of decomposed domination."
Guy Debord and Gianfranco Sanguinetti [tr.KN]
Und jetzt sind alle Schlauschwätzer und Besserwessis auf einmal ganz still und leise.
Eine Ansammlung von Mündungs-Schonern:)
Clouds of virtuality--very droll.
If that passage in German was intended to convince anyone that you are German, you failed
then give it a try how you want to copy that passage off Google:)
I am eagerly waiting:)
And I think my German is absolutely correct.:)
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If that passage in German was intended to convince anyone that you are German, you failed. I could have copied that passage off Google. No. You have to give us something impromptu.
So, to rephrase the question, what plans does the inner circle of NATO have to attack the Greek people?
Correction: What is going on in Syria ...
What is going on in Libya is a scandal and declaration of bankruptcy of both the UN and Nato. Syria does not produce a lot of oil, 400,000 bbl/day, 29th of the oil producers worldwide, and this is the main reason why Obama made this horse trade with the Russians: You support us on Libya and we will let Assad slaughter his unarmed genuine democracy seekers, although I quite don`t understand what is the Russian interest in this.
It's pretty sickening.
Given the intellectual level of Boobus Americanus, it is no great surprise that the Straussians and the Neo-Cons succeeded at their little revolution, but in Europe as well?
Has Europe become that insipid?
And is this--with a few exceptions--the best that Magdalen can do?
Pitiful, mes enfants.
Meanwhile you also have your Sarkozys and your Berlusconis, and so forth, all slightly different cases, but coopted by the same triangle.
If there were a time fold in the Paris sewers, de Gaulle would be coming back as a Communist and half the Communists coming back as Gaullists.
They certainly had more in common than the present collection of imbeciles, including an appreciation for cheese.
Europa as a whole is being triangulated by the US, Britain, and Israel.
Simple isn't it?
Moreover, it is quite obvious who half these false nationalities are, nicht wahr?
Be my guest. We have to build you up at every opportunity :-)
When everyone acts stupider than me it is a soothing, even healing kind of feeling. Do keep on with the spy v. spy, it makes me feel so smart.
Brussels-generated BOT-P-nickel really wants us to believe that we are working in league with germanambassador or that Maher controls us (I seldom even read Maher - but he must be on the right track or BOT-P-nickel wouldn't bitch about him.).
Personally I don't care whether germanambassador is a fake because so much of what he puts out is true of Germans vis-a-vis Europe, albeit over the top, and certainly a lot more accurate than the anguished primitive yearnings of BOT-P-nickel who wants totalitarianism for all Europe.
Don't be so hard on Josh - probably an American citizen with German ancestry - he seems to be on the right track regarding the EU and will probably come round to the idea that it should be scrapped - urgently. He is not dumb.
Off for a swim in the Atlantic breakers.
Someone … reporting finger, the goat of all seasons …. is reporting every one of my comments. A warning: If you do not desist, I shall continue to never ever have one of yours removed for doing so would be charitable.
You are not the only one. Merkel also said "I apologize". The only audible words in English she spoke at the beginning of this presentation of the Medal of Honour. I don't know for what she apologized but the ambassador, no doubt, will tell us "for being German, of course, you fool. It is compulsive for Germans to first, whenever they meet a foreigner to point a finger to oneself and to say: I am German and I am deeply sorry. I apologize" (O-ton of germanambassador). nikbirt will explain fully later.
And at the end of the speech she again resembles pedro, our knight of the sorrowful countenance, when she mentions the need to fight wind mills, or perhaps it was a Freudian slip and she meant "to build windmills", always the pragmatic physics graduate she is. Does us proud, our Angela.
Zap Comix and the aura of lesser names that surrounded it was an important element in the development of the perceptions of my generation. They were so cool. Psychedelic, man. Really.
I don't have to like what is going on in Syria to understand its necessity. Syria has been the Poland of the Middle East since time immemorial.
But tell me, why are only 150 sorties a day striking Libya when the plan calls for 250? Answer: Europe has sat on its haunches waiting on the US to 'do something' for so long that it has allowed its military readiness and stockpiles of arms to lag.
If the US pulls out of Europe (a distinct possibility over the next 5-10 years) will Europe (especially those 'soft' parts) be ready to respond to a small contingency like Libya without appealing for US aid. I hope so.
If a medium sized threat emerges (Balkan war) can Europe squelch it without US assistance? The recent past says no.
If a large threat emerges (a nuclearized fundamentalist state threatening war) will Europe be able to stand up to it without US aid? There is no precedent that says it can.
If the US doesn't have the time or wherewithal to render such aid, will Europe face a crisis that will make the current debt crisis look like a lapdance? I think so.
Have the Europeans lost pride in military capability and sacrificed their self-defense measures for the sake of a socialistic state that is cracking of its own weight, and is only waiting for a real emergency sans US assistance to collapse? Manifestly.
Given that Europe in 1914 and 1939 lacked diplomatic and military and political astuteness to avoid what followed, essentially believing that 'it couldn't happen here', I have to conclude that the selfishness and ignorance that led Europe to the brink of annihilation twice in recent times is still in the ascendent.
The conditions that could produce similar results are always incipient. If an American's insufferable condescension blinds you to these facts, listen to a couple of Europeans that have a good reputation where I come from: Aristotle and Plato explicitly state it is the preparation and fighting of wars that gives up the blessings of peace. I
Couldn't agree more, I hope that someone will eventually have the courage to implement a systematic exit from the current crisis. And stop coming up with ludricous theories of PIIGS countries or Club Meds or whatever.
Funny that one of the countries that embraced neo-liberalism and the "free and self-regulating market" the most (Ireland) is in the same situation as Greece (said to be "socialist" and rigid by most analysts)... who are we kidding? Can't criticise one side if the other's crumbling apart in just the same way... this is what I am vehemently against, the easy generalisations, the superficiality in these analysis, the insidiousness of some of these analysts.. we need a sense of continuity, and this sense is very simple - the current financial system isn't working! Don't patch it up, change some bits of it! So many good economists out there... where are they??? Perhaps if we don't act fast enough everything will crumble down...
There was an interesting article on Portuguese daily "Publico", by Vasco Pulido Valente, who's a bit of a cynic, but an excellent chronicler nonetheless, who likened the current situation not to the 30s (like we have seen some do on these boards) but to the pre WWI period. His whole argument went around the fact that no one could believe their eyes when the whole thing started. In fact, everyone was horrified when the whole thing started... who would have known that the killing of a head of state in a small Balkan nation would lead to generalised war? He quotes from a letter from the then Portuguese ambassador in Paris, speaking of the surprise and horror in the faces of the world's diplomats when things got to the point they did.
I wonder if it's going to be like that this time round. Are we all going to act surprised when something horrible happens? Only if we're as stupid as we were in 1914. Are we?
Both Pumpernickel and Josh are very embarassed about Germanambassador so they are running a smear campaign to discredit his German nationality, in order to mislead other bloggers.
Bottom line both know Germanambasssador is German but being the manipulative personalities they are, they tell all kinds of lies about Germanambassador.
However sometimes they can't help it when Germanambassador goes on one of his anti-British/American rants and they cheer him on.
India's budget: Saturday morning pictures
Business and finance
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Graphic detail
Congressional politics: Brinkmanship
Democracy in America
Goya's drawings: Album of the year
The American economy: Steady on
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Investing and markets: Get your income here
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As the market shifts, more retailers are trying to find the most efficient balance of inventory, staff and size, according to Anita Blackford, senior vice president of leasing for Carlyle Group's Metrocenter Mall. She's seeing the theory in practice as Metrocenter fills its voluminous 1.3 MSF.
"We're seeing strong opportunities for local businesses to get a foothold in a mall environment," she reports. "We're seeing smaller stores, and that's a reflection of lingering economic concerns." For Metrocenter, this creates opportunities to more closely align with its changing market. The mall's owner is also opening space to community groups and non-profit organizations. The changes in space demand helps facilitate this unique service.
Traffic in Metrocenter is up 10 percent over last year. "Our shoppers are different than some other areas of the metro," Blackford says. "I'm seeing three generations of families coming into the mall together to shop and be entertained."
"Right-sizing for efficiency" is what experts are calling the shift in store sizes working its way through shopping centers and malls across the nation.
"While retailers are cautiously optimistic about the coming year, their customers are still worried about jobs and the economy," Blackford says she hears merchants say.
"The thing about 'right-sizing,' is that it doesn't always mean 'getting smaller,'" says Steve Helm, assistant vice president, property management for Macerich. Helm is responsible for managing Scottsdale Fashion Square. "Some stores are growing."
Bath & Body Works and The Limited, Helm says, know space needs and customer demands. The stores reduced footage, which allowed Scottsdale Fashion Square to convert the space for another store. On the other hand, Victoria's Secret moved its spin-off, Pink, into a space opening up when another store resized, then Victoria's Secret grew to take over Pink's former space. Other changes include Hugo Boss relocating across the mall into a flagship-sized store to make way for its women's clothing line. Then, lulu lemon leased the former Hugo Boss store. A resized Ann Taylor store left a space for Pink and the new Johnny Was.
The right-sizing trend is something other shopping center managers and owners are seeing across the state.
In one extreme version, Kornwasser Shopping Center Properties LLC is going to tear down more than 200,000 SF of an obsolete enclosed Yuma mall.
"Southgate Mall will be more a valuable property in a smaller, reconfigured design," says Gordon Keig, senior vice president for the mall's owner.
Right now, Southgate has nearly 350,000 SF. After the demolition and new construction, Keig says the total square footage will be closer to 310,000 SF. Right-sizing for efficiency is so crucial in this effort that a new lease for the retained 50,000 SF former Dillard's will not be signed until the old mall is gone.
Kornwasser's Yuma tenants are not necessarily down-sizing in the conversion. A space holding a former J.C. Penney's store is now home to an expanded Burlington Coat Factory.
"Reducing the square footage of a property is sometimes necessary to meet a changing market," says Keig. "It actually makes the property more inviting and will generate more sales per square foot."
"The future for shopping centers is shifting," says Blackford. "We're going to see different mixes of uses where once was once just shopping."
She expects to see medical clinics taking space in malls and in the space around malls, residential or assisted living developments, possibly even hotels.
Jennifer Davis Lunt, president and managing partner of Davis Enterprises, has seen a different type of "right-sizing" trend.
"Some smaller businesses are coming back from working out of homes and garages with confidence to lease space," she says.
However, she says that in many cases, the businesses are taking less space than they might have before the recession.
"The square footage a store leases is credit-driven," she says. "Local businesses are leasing, but the size of the store is affected by equity—a number the recession impacted for many. On the corporate side, we're not seeing down-sizing, but we are seeing additional locations leased."
Just as Kornwasser sees more value from less space, Davis does as well.
"At our Seventh Avenue and McDowell Road (Phoenix) property, we had to demolish an old convenience store," explains Lunt. "Even though the renovated historic building didn't change its size, we needed additional parking for new tenants Starbucks, Pei Wei and Side Bar. Losing the footage from the other store made the project feasible and more valuable."
Davis Enterprises has another example of right-sizing, an old fast food and floral shop at 4700 N. Central Ave. in Phoenix. The area wouldn't support a casual-dining or fast food outlet in that configuration.
By adding new dining space in an addition — and maintaining historic character with its unique front window — the building was right-sized for a sit-down restaurant.
"The property had character, but its size and configuration were not usable in today's market," Lunt explains. "With the increased space, Hulu was able to open and has been quite successful. We fit the space to the tenant's needs."
The biggest impact of "right-sizing" comes from the excessive number of empty big boxes in Arizona — the national leader in big-store vacancies.
"Some big boxes are being divided," explains Dave Cheatham, president of Velocity Retail Group. "But it can be difficult to divide a big box. The rent drives that decision. With per-foot rents still depressed, a landlord may do better renting less than the full space and leaving a portion of the building vacant."
"We did that with a couple of Mervyn's for Hobby Lobby," says Cheatham. "At Paradise Village, for example, Hobby Lobby pays for 50,000 SF of the 73,000 SF space. It did not make economic sense to divide off the remaining space and lease it."
This is causing creative uses for former boxes. Velocity sold an old Albertson's in Gilbert to Leading Edge Academy, which is now constructing a second floor and converting the grocery into a charter school. In Tempe's Emerald Center, a former furniture warehouse store is now a day spa on one side and a shooting range on the other.
"We've got to be creative with the big boxes," says Cheatham. "And get them off the market."
Creativity is the watchword for shopping center owners as store spaces are resized to the right fit for the post-recession tenants.
Tag Archives: DAVIS
New to Market: The Lofts at Hayden Ferry
Project Name: The Lofts at Hayden Ferry
Developer: OliverMcMillan
General Contractor: Adolfson & Peterson Construction
Architect: Pappageorge Haymes Partners / Todd & Associates
Location & City (major crossroads/exact address): 260 Rio Salado Parkway, Tempe, Arizona
Size (SF): 497,000 SF
Value: $40M
Estimated start and completion dates (by month or quarter): June 2014 / December 2015
Project Description/Additional Information: Situated on a 3.69-acre site adjacent to Tempe Town Lake, the high visibility development consists of 264 Class A market-rate apartments in four stories of wood framed structure with two levels of parking below grade. The podium will be elevated approximately four feet above grade which will enhance the characteristics of its architecture in addition to lessening the potential of subterranean water issues due to the proximity of the project to the existing lake. The site is currently vacant and is part of the Hayden Ferry Lakeside Master Plan, near Arizona State University and the Mill Avenue Entertainment District.
DAVIS Architecture Moving Its Firm In Tempe
DAVIS announced the relocation of its office. The ever-evolving company will remain at Hayden Ferry Lakeside at the NEC of Mill Ave. and Rio Salado Parkway.
The firm's new address is 74 E. Rio Salado Parkway, #200, Tempe, AZ., 85281. It will retain the same phone number (480) 638-1100.
DAVIS will occupy a lofty second-floor space with an open floor plan and multiple team spaces and meeting areas. The space will have exposed ceilings and a minimalist palette of white walls, polished concrete floors, exposed block walls and a vibrant pop of color strategically placed throughout the space.
Founded in 1975, originally as CornoyerHedrick Architects & Planners, DAVIS has designed 75 MSF of business, personal, public and emerging environments valued at more than $20B.
Its comprehensive services include: Urban Design and Planning, Programming, Architecture, Interior Design and Facility Planning and Management.
DAVIS was the 2012 RED Awards Architect of the Year. It also has earned Architecture Firm of the Year by NAIOP.
Ryan Companies US, Sunbelt Holdings To Co-Develop 2 MSF Multi-Use Office Development In Tempe
The City of Tempe announced today that Ryan Companies US, Inc. and Sunbelt Holdings will develop a site owned by Arizona State University adjacent to Tempe Town Lake, subject to City Council approval of development agreement details in the coming month.
State Farm will lease office space and anchor the multi-use development.
"We are thrilled that Ryan Companies US, Inc. and Sunbelt Holdings have been selected to co-develop and construct the State Farm regional hub," said John Strittmatter, President of Ryan Companies US, Inc., Southwest Division.
"With retail and recreational amenities on site for State Farm employees and the entire community to enjoy, Marina Heights will become an important icon of the Tempe Town Lake landscape and we are proud to be a part of it."
The Marina Heights project in Tempe will be the largest office development deal in Arizona history, with more than 2 MSF to be constructed on more than 20 acres. Construction costs are estimated at $600M. Additionally, 40,000 SF to 60,000 SF of retail amenities will complement the transit-oriented development, including food service, coffee shops, restaurants, business services, and fitness facilities.
The site will also feature an approximately 10-acre lakeside plaza, which will be open to the public.
"This is a proud day for Tempe and everyone involved. We are tremendously excited about what the addition of State Farm will mean to our community over the decades to come," said Tempe Mayor Mark Mitchell. "These employees, buildings, and amenities will further contribute to and showcase the vibrancy of Tempe Town Lake, Mill Avenue, and Arizona State University, and serve as a catalyst for more high-quality development."
"We are thrilled that State Farm will be expanding in Arizona," said Gov. Jan Brewer. "The jobs that will be created to make this project a reality will be a tremendous boon to our economy. This is a great example of how our plan to build an Arizona that is attractive to high value employers is hitting the mark."
The five-building campus will be leased by State Farm and become a hub to include a combination of new hires and existing employees who will provide claims, service, and sales support to State Farm customers.
"State Farm selected Tempe because it has a growing population with skill sets that match our customers' needs," said Mary Crego, Senior Vice President, State Farm. "The site along Tempe Town Lake gives our employees access to nearby amenities as well as easy connections to public transportation."
"We look forward to having State Farm as a neighbor and to working with the company on a variety of programs including employee recruitment and academic programs for their staff," said ASU President Michael M. Crow.
"State Farm's decision to lease the land owned by the university immediately adjacent to the ASU Athletic Facilities District is the first major step in the campaign to fund new and renovated sports facilities for the university. The Athletic Facilities District will be home to an exciting mixed-use development reflecting high quality and the best practices of sustainability. A high stature tenant such as State Farm will add to the luster of the district and validates its attractiveness."
The project is being developed by Ryan Companies US, Inc. and Sunbelt Holdings. Tempe-based architectural firm DAVIS designed the project.
Office Tower: Hayden Ferry Lakeside Phase III
Hayden Ferry Lakeside Phase III
Developer: Ryan Companies US, Inc.
General Contractor: Ryan Companies US, Inc.
Architect: DAVIS
Broker: CBRE
Location: NEC Mill, Ave., and Rio Salado Parkway,
Size: 250,000 SF
The final phase of Hayden Ferry Lakeside will be a 10-story, Class A office tower in Tempe. The building design will maintain the same nautical theme as its predecessors, Hayden Ferry Lakeside I and II. It will be the first high-rise to break ground in Downtown Tempe since 2007. Construction is expected to begin in 4Q 2012.
AZRE Magazine May/June 2012
New University Of Phoenix Campus Opens, Offers Technologically Advanced Classrooms
The University of Phoenix unveiled its new, one-of-a-kind campus — the John Sperling Center for Educational Innovation.
This award-winning facility provides students with technologically advanced, yet practical learning environments, or "classrooms without boundaries."
The campus, at 1625 Fountainhead Parkway, Fountainhead Corporate Center, in Tempe, celebrated its grand opening yesterday. Fountainhead won the 2012 RED Award for Best Office Project. Its designer, DAVIS, was named Architect of the Year.
"The innovation at this new campus embodies the foundation of what University of Phoenix prides itself in delivering to its students – an education without boundaries," said Bill Pepicello, president of the University of Phoenix.
Technologically advanced classrooms called "Classrooms Without Boundaries" were designed with practicality at top-of-mind for students. The walls are writable surfaces, as well as the desktops, which flip to vertical positions allowing for easy presentations. Through use of eBeam® technology, instructors and students can work directly from projected computer screen images on the walls where they can open files, click on tabs or images, drag and drop files, etc., with the use of a special "pen." The use of telepresence in these classrooms can extend programs/instruction into smaller, remote campuses and communities, such as in Yuma, where testing is already underway.
"The 'Classrooms Without Boundaries' are real working classrooms but also labs for experimenting, developing and adopting new teaching technologies and techniques. Ideas that prove successful here are rolled out to programs and other campuses," said David Fitzgerald, Phoenix campus director. "Even though these are physical classrooms at a physical campus, they're all about having an education without barriers – our students are going to class on campuses or on their iPhone®, iPad® and laptops from their kitchen, workplace and local coffee shops."
The campus not only offers highly advanced classrooms to students, but also gives visitors innovative experiences that showcase what the university is all about. From the lobby, through hallways to a large briefing/media room, the first floor of this 10-story building, (through a mixed use of technology, graphics and artistic design) tells the story of the university through "experiences" such as touch and learn panels, life-size progressive videos, and interactive maps. "These experiences were designed to offer fun, yet informative narratives of the university telling who we are, who we serve, how we do it, where we are going and what it means to potential students," Fitzgerald said.
The John Sperling Center for Educational Innovation now serves as the main campus for Metro Phoenix with numerous other campus locations throughout the Valley. The campus also houses traditional classrooms, a state-of-the-art nursing lab, a counseling center that lets students serve real families and individuals, a student advisement center, The Rev Café, a student resource center with computer workstations and group study rooms, video booth labs that let students work on and improve presentations and the usability lab where University staff facilitate end-user observations and real-time product design.
The Apollo Group Real Estate and Facilities team enlisted architecture and construction firms for this project. Besides DAVIS, construction was a joint effort between Sundt Construction (shell and tenant improvement) and Southwest Architectural Builders.
For more information about University of Phoenix, visit their website at www.phoenix.edu.
Ryan Companies US, DAVIS to Deliver 3rd Tower To Hayden Ferry Lakeside
Ryan Companies US, Inc., will build and begin leasing the third office tower at Hayden Ferry Lakeside in Tempe, it was announced at a morning press conference near the site of the new project. DAVIS will handle architectural duties.
Ryan Companies will develop the 10-story, 250,000 SF, Class A office tower at the corner of Mill and Rio Salado Parkway. DAVIS designed the building in 2007 and has made several design enhancements to this gateway building. Officials expect the project to break ground in 4Q 2012.
"This upgraded, clean, slightly more contemporary design is the appropriate design to complete the project and leave it looking forward, well into the 21st century" said Mike Davis, founder and director of Design at DAVIS.
The land is owned by an entity affiliated with Sunbelt Holdings, which acquired the property from SunCor in 2010. The Sunbelt entity will sell the land to Ryan for the tower.
The building is the first commercial high rise to break ground in downtown Tempe since 2007. The timing of this building could not be better. Much of the office space in downtown Tempe is now leased, leaving fewer space options for large companies to locate.
"We are pleased to partner with Ryan Companies on the next office tower at Hayden Ferry Lakeside," said John Graham of Sunbelt Holdings. "We believe the more than 900 jobs that will eventually be located there will serve to enhance demand for additional residential and commercial development on and around Tempe Town Lake."
Hayden Ferry Lakeside was conceived in 1999 by SunCor Development as Town Lake's first development. The project consisted of three office towers and four residential properties. During the past 13 years, SunCor completed two of the planned office towers and two condominium towers.
"Hayden Ferry Lakeside was the first mixed-use development in downtown Tempe and the first development to build here at Town Lake. It's appropriate that once again, the development once again leads the high rise construction industry," Tempe Mayor Hugh Hallman said. "We thank Sunbelt Holdings and Ryan Companies for their investment in our community and their commitment to Tempe Town Lake."
The future Phase III office building serves as a gateway piece of the development. The building design maintains the same boat-shaped, nautical theme as its predecessors. It is upgraded with a clean and slightly more contemporary expression that compliments the existing office buildings.
Building finishes will incorporate the notable cobalt blue glass, aluminum panels and horizontal mullion expression of the window system. The landscape and hardscape materials will be consistent with what has already been established previously with the metaphoric stream, blue paving, completing the design as originally conceived.
"Staying ahead of the upcoming demand, Ryan recognizes the need for additional Class A office space in Tempe. With Tempe's strong and plentiful workforce and the location of Hayden Ferry Lakeside, developing and constructing a third tower will provide an excellent home for companies looking to relocate to Tempe," said John Strittmatter, president of Ryan Companies US, Inc. Southwest.
CBRE will be the brokerage firm, officials said.
2012 RED Awards: Winners & Honorable Mentions
Kitchell, DAVIS and Banner Health captured top honors Thursday night as Arizona Commercial Real Estate Magazine held the 7th Annual, 2012 RED Awards (Real Estate and Development) to recognize the biggest, best and most notable commercial real estate projects and transactions of 2011.
The event drew more than 400 CRE professionals to the Arizona Biltmore as winners and honorable mentions were selected from a record 116 nominations received in 12 project categories and individual and team broker categories.
Kitchell was named General Contractor of the Year; DAVIS was Architect of the Year; and Banner Health won Developer of the Year.
2012 RED Awards category winners:
Best Education Project: Grand Canyon University Arena; Best Hospitality Project: Westin Downtown Phoenix; Best Industrial Project: Dunn-Edwards Phoenix; Best Healthcare Project: Phoenix Children's Hospital; Best Multi-Family Project: Devine Legacy on Central; Best Office Project: Fountainhead Office Plaza; Best Public Project: Virginia G. Piper Sports & Fitness Center for Persons with Disabilities; Best Redevelopment Project: Adelante Healthcare Surprise; Best Retail Project: iPic Theater/Tanzy/Salt; Most Challenging Project: Salt River Fields at Talking Stick; Most Sustainable Project: DPR Construction Phoenix Headquarters; and Best Tenant Improvement Project: Limelight Networks.
Merit Award winners were OASIS Hospital (Healthcare) and P.L. Julian Elementary School (Education).
Broker of the Year honors went to Jay Hoselton, Cushman & Wakefield, Individual Leasing; Ken Elmer, Commercial Properties Inc., Individual Sales; Bo Mills and Mark Detmer, Cushman & Wakefield, Team Leasing; and Tyler Anderson and Sean Cunningham, CBRE, Team Sales.
2012 RED Awards honorable mentions:
Education: NAU Health & Learning Center; Healthcare: Banner MD Anderson Cancer Center; Hospitality: Casino Del Sol Hotel Convention Center and Parking Structure Expansion; Industrial: Crescent Crown Distribution; Most Challenging: Arizona Science Center Phase III Remodification; Multi-Family: Phoenix Towers Terrace; Office: UniSource Energy Corporate Office; Public: Maricopa County Downtown Court Tower; Redevelopment: The Q Building at Paradise Valley Community College; Retail: American Sports Complex-Retail Center; Most Sustainable: Phoenix Children's Hospital; and Tenant Improvement: Gap Fulfillment Center.
View photos from the 2012 RED Awards on our Facebook!
2012 winners can order Awards, Plaques & Reprints
RED Awards 2012: Best Tenant Improvement Project, Limelight Networks
On March 1, AZRE hosted the 7th Annual RED Awards reception at the Arizona Biltmore in Phoenix to recognize the most notable commercial real estate projects of 2011 and the construction teams involved. AZRE held an open call for nominations and a record 116 projects were submitted by architects, contractors, developers and brokerage firms in Arizona. This year, the winner for Best Tenant Improvement Project was Limelight Networks.
Best Tenant Improvement Project
Limelight Networks
Developer: Vulcan Real Estate
Contractor: Layton Construction
Architect: DAVIS
Broker: Ross Brown Partners
Size: 57,300 SF
Location: 222 S. Mill Ave., Tempe
Completed: July, 2011
Limelight Networks is a high-tech company that combined several locations into one main facility. As the first tenant in Tempe Gateway, the Limelight team expanded its project to provide for a 24/7 Network Operation Center and 150 SF of office space for each employee. DAVIS and Layton Construction incorporated updated technology and improved floor layouts. The project team observed sustainability techniques such as Greenguard and CRI Green Label Plus Certifications. The carpeted area is 37% reused content and the ceilings contain 85% recycled material. Motion sensors and water conservation were also implemented to promote the value of energy efficiency and progress of Limelight's tenant improvement.
Video by Cory Bergquist
Honorable Mention
GAP Fulfillment Center
Developer: N/A
Contractor: Jokake Construction Services
Architect: K&I Architects
Broker: Cushman & Wakefield
Size: 412,000 SF
Location: 2225 S. 75th Ave., Phoenix
Completed: May, 2011
Video by Cory Bergquist
RED Awards 2012 Winners & Finalists | AZRE Magazine March/April 2011 |
RED Awards 2012: Best Office Project, Fountainhead Office Plaza
On March 1, AZRE hosted the 7th Annual RED Awards reception at the Arizona Biltmore in Phoenix to recognize the most notable commercial real estate projects of 2011 and the construction teams involved. AZRE held an open call for nominations and a record 116 projects were submitted by architects, contractors, developers and brokerage firms in Arizona. This year, the winner for Best Office Project was Fountainhead Office Plaza.
Best Office Project
Fountainhead Office Plaza
Developer: USAA Real Estate Company/Metro Commercial Properties
Contractor: Sundt Construction
Architect: DAVIS
Size: 493,661 SF
Location: 1624 Fountainhead Parkway, Tempe
Completed: July, 2011
Fountainhead Office Plaza A & B in Tempe is comprised of 6- and 10-story Class A buildings. The massive project, which is 100% percent leased to the University of Phoenix, began only after the challenging task of altering a neighboring lake and tearing down three buildings and parking structures. Once these were complete, construction of a 493,661 SF plaza could commence. The project sits on 12 acres and includes a parking structure that accommodates more than 2,000 vehicles. Fountainhead adheres to the significance of sustainability by incorporating an Energy Recovery Ventilator (ERV) that acts as a cleaner for incoming air, protecting against pollutants and reducing energy costs. The USGBC recognized Fountainhead Office Plaza with LEED Gold certification.
Video by Cory Bergquist
Honorable Mention
UniSource Energy Corporate Office
Developer: Ryan Companies US, Inc
Contractor: Ryan Companies US, Inc
Architect: DAVIS
Size: 200,000 SF
Location: 88 E. Broadway, Tucson
Completed: November, 2011
Video by Cory Bergquist
RED Awards 2012 Winners & Finalists | AZRE Magazine March/April 2012 |
RED Awards 2012: Architect Of The Year, DAVIS
On March 1, AZRE hosted the 7th Annual RED Awards reception at the Arizona Biltmore in Phoenix to recognize the most notable commercial real estate projects of 2011 and the construction teams involved. AZRE held an open call for nominations and a record 116 projects were submitted by architects, contractors, developers and brokerage firms in Arizona. This year, the winner for Architect of the Year was DAVIS.
Architect of the Year
Winner of Best Office Project: Fountainhead Office Plaza
Winner of Best Tenant Improvement: Limelight Network
Honorable Mention for Best Office Project: UniSource Energy Corporate Office
DAVIS, an architecture and design firm that has designed more than 75 MSF in Metro Phoenix area, celebrated its 20th anniversary in style. Last year the firm successfully executed projects such as Starwood, Limelight, CantaMia, Fountainhead Office Plaza, and Unisource.
A few DAVIS project highlights include the design of Limelight's 57,300 SF new Tempe corporate HQ and Fountainhead Office Plaza, consisting of a 10-story and 6-story Class A office building, with a parking garage achieving LEED Gold certification.
Additionally, DAVIS undertook Unisource, Tucson Electric's new 530,406 SF new LEED Gold certified corporate HQ. DAVIS' long standing client relationships, exceptional team members, and re-establishment of humanity in the architecture are what make it a successful firm.
Video by Cory Bergquist
RED Awards 2012 Winners & Finalists | AZRE Magazine March/April 2012 |
Best Multi-Family Project 2011
Vi at Silverstone
Developer: The Plaza Companies
Contractor: Summit Builders
Architect: DAVIS
Size: 735,651 SF
Location: 23005 N. 74th St., Scottsdale
Completed: March 2010
Vi at Silverstone is a new, continuing care retirement community on a 35-acre campus. It consists of a 4-story, 467,857 SF main lodge building with 203 independent living units, an underground parking structure, a 2-story care center with 60 units and 67 residential villas. Common areas include formal and casual dining rooms, a lounge, indoor and outdoor pools, gym facilities, a theater, and an 18-hole putting course. Vi was "fast-tracked," with the first phase completed 3 months ahead of schedule and the second phase completed one month ahead of schedule. Traditional materials, classic architectural and attention to detail placement are components of the distinct styling of the community. Vi's purpose is to provide older adults with a superior living environment.
Honorable Mention: Sagewood, Phase 1
Developer: LCS/Westminster Partnership IV
Contractor: The Weitz Company
Architect: Todd & Associates
Size: 878,559 SF
Location: 4555 E. Mayo Blvd., Phoenix
Completed: November 2010
Office: Desert Ridge Corporate Center, Ph. III
DESERT RIDGE CORPORATE CENTER, PH. IIIDeveloper: Ryan Companies US Inc. The $44M office complex is slated to begin construction 4Q10, and will include 4 stories with a 4.5/1000 parking ratio. Completion is scheduled for 4Q11. Brokerage firm is Lee & Associates. |
Mixed-Use: Stadium Village Phase II
STADIUM VILLAGE PHASE IIDeveloper: SAXA Inc. The $10.5M Stadium Village is located in the center of Surprise, near the new City Hall and baseball stadiums. The mixed-use project is scheduled to finish February 2009. Broker: Prudential CRES Commercial Real Estate |


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Relax in the market town of Chippenham.The BEST WESTERN PLUS Angel Hotel is a delightful 17th Century coaching inn set in the market town of Chippenham. In fact, it overlooks the marketplace itself, giving guests convenience and character in abundance!Dating back to 1751, the hotel building has been refurbished to offer modern, contemporary style bedrooms. Even when you're not enjoying our facilities, you'll be able to relax in style thanks to the hotels leisure club and walled courtyard garden!A small hotel with lots of character, the BEST WESTERN PLUS Angel Hotel offers homely, welcoming service at all times. Our friendly staff make this a wonderful place to spend time at, and an even more inviting place to return to after a day at one of the many nearby beauty spots.
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WASHINGTON (March 14, 2013)—The National Association of Black Journalists (NABJ) congratulates member Ebony Reed, Assistant Chief of the Associated Press' New England bureau, on receiving an NAACP Image Award.The NAACP Boston chapter recently announced that she is among its 2013 Image Award recipients. Reed will be honored at a recognition ceremony in September along with other honorees. The chapter selected Reed for achieving success in her profession, being a role model in the community and having a commitment to diversity.Reed previously worked as a deputy metro editor at The Detroit News, and as an assistant metro editor and a reporter for The Plain Dealer of Cleveland.She received management training at Harvard University as a 2009 New York Times/Maynard Institute leadership fellow. She holds a bachelor's degree in journalism and a master's degree in media management from the University of Missouri.NABJ congratulates Ms. Reed on receiving such a noteworthy honor.An advocacy group established in 1975 in Washington, D.C., NABJ is the largest organization for journalists of color in the nation, and provides career development as well as educational and other support to its members worldwide. For more information, please visit www.nabj.org.
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2/25/2015NABJ Mourns the Loss of Diversity Champion Dori J. Maynard
1/21/2015NABJ Congratulates Irving Washington on New Position as Deputy Director of ONA
1/16/2015NABJ Congratulates Leon Carter on Being Named VP and Editorial Director for New ESPN Site
3/5/2015 » 3/8/20152015 NABJ Region III Conference Cruise
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"I wouldn't necessarily say that Target is stealing market share away from Wal-Mart because Target's customers are slightly more upscale. Where it's outperforming Wal-Mart is in grabbing market share away from department store chains."
Craig Johnson
"The deal would surprise no one, and the proposed price, at $77 per share, would be neutral to slightly accretive to earnings, by our calculations."
Carl McDonald
"We set ourselves a target to be 150 ahead. Obviously it was slightly disappointing. We might have let ourselves down in one or two instances."
Mickey Arthur
"The amount of revenue collected in March was slightly above target."
Dr Omar Davies
"We are likely to upgrade our 2006 numbers slightly as a result, and do not believe that the shares look expensive relative to the peer group, once allowance is made for the cash on the balance sheet."
Geoff Miller
"When the DNA portion of the nanosensor binds to a target molecule, there will be a slight change in the electric charge near the nanotube, ... The nanotube will then pick up on that change, turning it into an electric signal that can then be reported."
Charlie Johnson
"Intel revenue and earnings per share were in line with our expectations, but consensus for 2001 will be slightly down revenue, which has not occurred since 1986,"
Daniel Niles


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SMU Lyle to offer first-of-its-kind graduate degree in datacenter systems engineering
SMU's Lyle School of Engineering has created a new Master of Science in datacenter systems engineering, the first of its kind in the United States. The first students in this multidisciplinary program will be admitted for the Fall 2014 term. The … Continue reading
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'Big data' demands are focus of new SMU Cox Master's degree
Applications are now being accepted for a new SMU Master's program designed to help fill a growing marketplace demand created by "big data." The Cox School of Business will offer the first classes in its new Master of Science in Business Analytics (M.S.B.A.) … Continue reading
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Lyle School to offer Master's in Sustainability & Development
The Pallet House prototype created by I-Beam Design was featured in HRH Prince Charles' Royal Gardens as part of an exhibition on sustainable design. The inspiration for the Pallet House Project came from the fact that 84% of the world's … Continue reading
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SMU trustees approve new Human Rights major to begin Spring 2012
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Luckiest Husbands In The World: A Look At Wives Keeping It Right And Tight For Their Men
- By Bossip Staff Categories: A "Lil Positivity", Bangers, Cakes View CommentsAngelina Jolie - She seems to get skinnier with age, but she still keeps that tight figure. Plus, she's told us all the freaky isht she likes to do with Brad. That's a double win.