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Test Bashing Series.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
This document consists of 14 articles which appeared in the electronic news bulletin, "EducationNews.org," and which were part of a series on "Test Bashing," a discussion of the use of standardized tests that focuses on controversies surrounding the Texas Assessment of Academic Skills and test score improvements in Texas. The articles are: (1)…
Phelps, Richard P.
Convergence Tests --Summary Standard Series
E-print Network
Convergence Tests -- Summary Standard Series (a) Geometric Series: k=0 Ark = A + Ar + Ar2? If so, use the integral test. · Can I find an inequality comparing an to a standard series? If so use) Constant Series: for any number c, c = c + c + c + · · · diverges unless c = 0. Our Five Tests: 1. kth
Parker, Thomas H.
Program on Education Policy and Governance Working Papers Series The Effects of Test-Based Retention
-Based Retention on Student Outcomes over Time: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from Florida Guido Schwerdt 1;The Effects of Test-based Retention on Student Outcomes over Time: Regression Discontinuity Evidence retention under Florida's test-based promotion policy to study the causal effect of retention on student
Liu, X. Shirley
The Mann-Kendall Test Modified by Effective Sample Size to Detect Trend in Serially Correlated Hydrological Series
Microsoft Academic Search
The non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical test has been popularly used to assess the significance of trend in hydrological time series. The test requires sample data to be serially independent. When sample data are serially correlated, the presence of serial correlation in time series will affect the ability of the test to correctly assess the significance of trend. To eliminate the
Sheng Yue; ChunYuan Wang
A Study of the Effect of Proximally Autocorrelated Error on Tests of Significance for the Interrupted Time Series Quasi-Experimental Design.
The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the appropriateness of several tests of significance for use with interrupted time series data. The second purpose was to determine what effect the violation of the assumption of uncorrelated error would have on the three tests of significance. The three tests were the Mood test,…
Sween, Joyce; Campbell, Donald T.
Effective Strategies for Dealing with Test Anxiety. Teacher to Teacher Series.
Test anxiety is exceedingly common among learners in adult basic education. Any one or more of the following can cause individuals to experience test anxiety: learned behavior resulting from the expectations of parents, teachers, or significant others; associations that students have built between grades or test performance and personal worth;…
Collins, Lisa
Effects of automated alerts on unnecessarily repeated serology tests in a cardiovascular surgery department: a time series analysis
PubMed Central
Background Laboratory testing is frequently unnecessary, particularly repetitive testing. Among the interventions proposed to reduce unnecessary testing, Computerized Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have been shown to be effective, but their impact depends on their technical characteristics. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of a Serology-CDSS providing point of care reminders of previous existing serology results, embedded in a Computerized Physician Order Entry at a university teaching hospital in Paris, France. Methods A CDSS was implemented in the Cardiovascular Surgery department of the hospital in order to decrease inappropriate repetitions of viral serology tests (HBV). A time series analysis was performed to assess the impact of the alert on physicians' practices. The study took place between January 2004 and December 2007. The primary outcome was the proportion of unnecessarily repeated HBs antigen tests over the periods of the study. A test was considered unnecessary when it was ordered within 90 days after a previous test for the same patient. A secondary outcome was the proportion of potentially unnecessary HBs antigen test orders cancelled after an alert display. Results In the pre-intervention period, 3,480 viral serology tests were ordered, of which 538 (15.5%) were unnecessarily repeated. During the intervention period, of the 2,095 HBs antigen tests performed, 330 unnecessary repetitions (15.8%) were observed. Before the intervention, the mean proportion of unnecessarily repeated HBs antigen tests increased by 0.4% per month (absolute increase, 95% CI 0.2% to 0.6%, p < 0.001). After the intervention, a significant trend change occurred, with a monthly difference estimated at -0.4% (95% CI -0.7% to -0.1%, p = 0.02) resulting in a stable proportion of unnecessarily repeated HBs antigen tests. A total of 380 unnecessary tests were ordered among 500 alerts displayed (compliance rate 24%). Conclusions The proportion of unnecessarily repeated tests immediately dropped after CDSS implementation and remained stable, contrasting with the significant continuous increase observed before. The compliance rate confirmed the effect of the alerts. It is necessary to continue experimentation with dedicated systems in order to improve understanding of the diversity of CDSS and their impact on clinical practice. PMID:20298618
The effect of cell design and test criteria on the series/parallel performance of nickel cadmium cells and batteries
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Three batteries were operated in parallel from a common bus during charge and discharge. SMM utilized NASA Standard 20AH cells and batteries, and LANDSAT-D NASA 50AH cells and batteries of a similar design. Each battery consisted of 22 series connected cells providing the nominal 28V bus. The three batteries were charged in parallel using the voltage limit/current taper mode wherein the voltage limit was temperature compensated. Discharge occurred on the demand of the spacecraft instruments and electronics. Both flights were planned for three to five year missions. The series/parallel configuration of cells and batteries for the 3-5 yr mission required a well controlled product with built-in reliability and uniformity. Examples of how component, cell and battery selection methods affect the uniformity of the series/parallel operation of the batteries both in testing and in flight are given.
Halpert, G.; Webb, D. A.
Understanding Cancer Series: Gene Testing
Lydia Schindler Donna Kerrigan, M.S. Jeanne Kelly Brian Hollen Illustrates what genes are, explains how mutations occur and are identified within genes, and discusses the benefits and limitations of gene testing for cancer and other disorders. These PowerPoint slides are not locked files. You can mix and match slides from different tutorials as you prepare your own lectures. In the Notes section, you will find explanations of the graphics.
The NASA B-757 HIRF Test Series: Flight Test Results
In 1995, the NASA Langley Research Center conducted a series of aircraft tests aimed at characterizing the electromagnetic environment (EME) in and around a Boeing 757 airliner. Measurements were made of the electromagnetic energy coupled into the aircraft and the signals induced on select structures as the aircraft was flown past known RF transmitters. These measurements were conducted to provide data for the validation of computational techniques for the assessment of electromagnetic effects in commercial transport aircraft. This paper reports on the results of flight tests using RF radiators in the HF, VHF, and UHF ranges and on efforts to use computational and analytical techniques to predict RF field levels inside the airliner at these frequencies.
Moeller, Karl J.; Dudley, Kenneth L.
Physics 116A Winter 2011 The Alternating Series Test
Physics 116A Winter 2011 The Alternating Series Test An alternating series is defined to be a series of the form: S = n=0 (-1)n an , (1) where all the an > 0. The alternating series test is a set and/or property 2 do not hold, then the alternating series test is inconclusive. Note that property 1
California at Santa Cruz, University of
Physics 116A Winter 2011 The Alternating Series Test An alternating series is defined to be a series of the form: S = # # n=0 (-1) n a n , (1) where all the a n > 0. The alternating series test but property 1 and/or property 2 do not hold, then the alternating series test is inconclusive. Note
The Effect of Exceeding Prescribed Time Limits in the Administration of a Standardized Test of Reading Comprehension and Mathematics Applications. Research Series. CEPSE/No. 6.
This study is the second in a series designed to explore the probable consequences of exceeding the prescribed time limits in the administration of standardized achievement tests. This study considered whether the test user could apply norms that accompany the test if departures were made from established time limits, and whether increased testing…
Rudman, Herbert C.; Raudenbush, Stephen W.
Testing the Effectiveness of an Intervention Model Based on Data Use: A Replication Series across Clusters of Schools
Intervention models based on data use can be effective in raising student achievement. This article presents 3 studies of one such model which had reported improved reading comprehension levels in 7 poor urban multicultural schools serving indigenous and ethnic minority communities. The intervention (the Learning Schools Model) used a process…
McNaughton, Stuart; Lai, Mei Kuin; Hsiao, Selena
Test plan for Enraf Series 854 level gauge wire testing
SciTech Connect
An Enraf Series 854 level gauge was installed on tank 241-S-106 during the first week of June 1994. On August 11, 1994, the gauge`s stainless steel measuring wire broke. After examination and laboratory analysis, it was determined that the wire broke due to severe chloride ion corrosion. It is suspected that the chloride ion contamination came from the radiation induced breakdown of the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) riser liner. It is well documented that the breakdown of PVC due to radiation produces chloride containing compounds. This document provides a qualification test plan to remove and have analyzed the wire in all of the Enraf Series 854 that have been installed to date. These tests will confirm the presence or absence of chloride ions in the PVC liners and/or on the Enraf measuring wires installed in the tanks. This test will involve removing the 316 stainless steel wire drums from all of the existing Enraf Series 854 level gauges that have been installed. New 316 stainless steel wire drums shall be installed into the gauges and the gauges will be placed back into service. The wire that is removed from the gauges shall be sent to the 222-S Lab or the Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) for analysis. Additional wire replacements will occur at intervals as determined necessary by the results of the laboratory analyses.
Barnes, G.A.
Photopatch testing: recommendations for a European photopatch test baseline series.
In order to establish a consensus recommendation for performing photopatch testing, a photopatch test taskforce group was established under the joint umbrella of the European Society for Contact Dermatitis and the European Society for Photodermatology in 2000. After proposing the most adequate methodology in 2004 and completing a European multicentre photopatch test study in 2011, this taskforce is recommending a list of photoallergens that should form part of a baseline series for photopatch testing in Europe. It contains mainly ultraviolet filters and drugs, mostly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The choice of chemicals was based on the results of a recent multicentre study, previous published cases of photoallergy, and use of the substances in the European market. It is suggested that an extended list of photoallergens should be photopatch tested in selected cases, along with patients' own products. Two contact allergens, cinnamyl alcohol and decyl glucoside, should be simultaneously patch tested in order to clarify photopatch and patch test reactions, respectively, to ketoprofen and methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (Tinosorb M™). PMID:23510344
Gonçalo, Margarida; Ferguson, James; Bonevalle, Annie; Bruynzeel, Derk P; Giménez-Arnau, Ana; Goossens, An; Kerr, Alastair; Lecha, Mario; Neumann, Norbert; Niklasson, Bo; Pigatto, Paolo; Rhodes, Lesley E; Rustemeyer, Thomas; Sarkany, Robert; Thomas, Pierre; Wilkinson, Mark
Nonparametric tests for trend detection in water quality time series
A review of nonparametric tests for trend leads to the conclusion that Mann-Whitney, Spearman, and Kendall tests are the best choice for trend detection in water quality time series. Recently these tests have been adapted to account for dependence and seasonality in such series. For monotonic trends, a procedure allowing to select the pertinent tests considering the characteristics of time
David Berryman; B. Bobee; Daniel Cluis; John Haemmerli
Fluid flow measurements of Test Series A and B for the Small Scale Seal Performance Tests
The degree of waste isolation achieved by a repository seal system is dependent upon the fluid flow characteristics, or permeability, of the seals. In order to obtain meaningful, site-specific data on the performance of various possible seal system components, a series of in situ experiments called the Small Scale Seal Performance Tests (SSSPT) are being conducted at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). This report contains the results of gas flow, tracer penetration, and brine flow tests conducted on concrete seals in vertical (Test Series A) and horizontal (Test Series B) configurations. The test objectives were to evaluate the seal performance and to determine if there existed scaling effects which could influence future SSSPT designs. 3 refs., 77 figs.
Peterson, E.W.; Lagus, P.L.; Lie, K.
77 FR 38282 - Final Test Guidelines; OCSPP 850 Series; Notice of Availability
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013
...EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0154; FRL-9333-1] Final Test Guidelines; OCSPP 850 Series; Notice of Availability...is announcing the availability of the final test guidelines for Series 850--Ecological Effects Test Guidelines, consisting of Groups B, C,...
Effects of Multidimensionality on IRT Item Characteristics and True Score Estimates: Implications for Computerized Test Assembly. Computerized Testing Report. LSAC Research Report Series.
Multidimensionality is known to affect the accuracy of item parameter and ability estimations, which subsequently influences the computation of item characteristic curves (ICCs) and true scores. By judiciously combining sections of a Law School Admission Test (LSAT), 11 sections of varying degrees of uni- and multidimensional structures are used…
Wang, Xiang-Bo; Harris, Vincent; Roussos, Louis
Enraf Series 854 advanced technology gauge (ATG) acceptance test procedure
This Acceptance Test Procedure was written to test the Enraf Series 854 Advanced Technology Gauge (ATG) prior to installation in the Tank Farms. The procedure sets various parameters and verifies that the gauge is functional.
Huber, J.H.
A model-free test for independence between time series
The problem of assessing the independence of time series arises in many situations, including evaluating the spatial synchrony\\u000a of populations in different locations over time. Tests for independence generally have relied on assuming a particular dynamic\\u000a model for each of the series, and those that do not, require long series. We adapt a test for association between spatial\\u000a processes to
G. Alpargu; J. Buonaccorsi
A comparison of tests for positive term series
: the Ratio test [3], D'Alembert's Root test [1], Cauchy's Integral test [3], Cauchy's Condensation test [2], Raabe's test [I], Gauss's test [6], the Comparison test [2], and Kummer's test [4]. These tests all examine the convergence or divergence... of the ~Pdt lthltNth tt 1~$tt CHAPTER II THE COMPARISON OF TESTS A List of Tests In this chapter we compare tests for convergence of positive term series. The table, following the listing of the tests, is included as a quick reference to the relative...
Krohn, Stuart Anthony
Growth hormone stimulation test - series (image)
... is performed: This test is typically performed on infants and children to identify human growth hormone (hGH) deficiency as ... feel, and even practice or demonstrate on a doll. This test requires ... to your child. The more familiar your child is with what ...
The Effect of Exceeding Prescribed Time Limits in the Administration of Standardized Achievement Tests: An Abstract. Research Series. CEPSE/No. 5.
The effect on achievement when the prescribed maximum time limits of a standardized achievement test are exceeded was studied using students nested in block-by-treatment combinations. The analysis was a hierarchical (nested) randomized blocks analysis of covariance involving 408 fifth graders taking the Stanford Achievement Test in Lansing,…
A New Differential Test for Series of Positive Terms
A new differential test for series of positive terms is proved. Let f(x) be a positive continuous function corresponded to a series of positive terms f(k), and g(x) is a derivative of reciprocal of f(x). Then, the convergence and divergence of the series may be determined from a value of fgx for enough large x. The rest may make the limit form, and is universal and complete.
Yi-Fang Chang
A review of nonparametric tests for trend leads to the conclusion that Mann-Whitney, Spearman, and Kendall tests are the best choice for trend detection in water quality time series. Recently these tests have been adapted to account for dependence and seasonality in such series. For monotonic trends, a procedure allowing to select the pertinent tests considering the characteristics of time series is proposed and the practical limitations of the tests are also brought out. This procedure has been applied to identify the appropriate trend detection test for the time series of nine water quality parameters at Lake Laflamme (Quebec). When a time series can be tested with the Mann-Whitney, Kendall, Spearman, or Lettenmaier (1976) test, the number of observations required to detect trends of a given magnitude, for selected significance and power levels can be calculated with the power function of the t test. When the test proposed by Hirsch, et al., Hirsch and Slack, or Farrell need to be used, the number of observations can only be estimated approximately from the results of empirical power studies.
Berryman, D.; Bobee, B.; Cluis, D.; Haemmerli, J.
Shot HOOD: a test of the PLUMBBOB series, revised. Technical report
This report describes the activities of DoD personnel, both military and civilian, in Shot HOOD, the sixth nuclear test in the PLUMBBOB atmospheric weapons testing series. The test was conducted on 5 July 1957 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock VII, AFSWP, AFSWC, and AEC test groups. This volume also describes the radiological safety criteria and procedures in effect
C. Maag; M. Wilkinson; J. Striegel; B. Collins
Shot GALILEO, a test of the Plumbbob series, 2 september 1957. Technical report
This report describes the activities of DOD personnel, both military and civilian, in Shot GALILEO, the 16th nuclear test in the PLUMBBOB atmospheric weapons testing series. The test was conducted on 2 September 1957 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock VIII, AFSWP, AFSWC, and AEC test groups. This volume also describes the radiological safety criteria and procedures in effect at Shot GALILEO.
Ponton, J.; Wilkinson, M.; Striegel, J.; Collins, B.
FLECHT low flooding rate skewed test series data report. [PWR
The FLECHT Low Flooding Rate Tests were conducted in an improved original FLECHT Test Facility to provide heat transfer coefficient and entrainment data at forced flooding rates of 1 in.\\/sec. and with electrically heated rod bundles which had cosine and top skewed axial power profiles. The top-skewed axial power profile test series has now been successfully completed and is here
E. R. Rosal; C. E. Conway; M. C. Krepinevich
Ecotoxicological test systems proceedings of a series of workshops
A series of six workshops was conducted by the Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, to identify laboratory methods and data evaluation techniques for predicting the environmental effects of chemical substances. Methods were evaluated for their potential for standardization and for use in the ecological hazard and risk assessment processes under the Toxic Substances Control Act. The workshops addressed assessment and policy requirements of multispecies toxicology test procedures, mathematical models useful in hazard and risk assessments, and methods for measuring effects of chemicals on terrestrial and aquatic population interactions and ecosystem properties. The workshops were primarily used as a mechanism to gather information about research in progress. This information was part of the data base used to prepare a critical review of laboratory methods for ecological toxicology.
Hammons, A.S. (ed.)
Operation TEAPOT, 1955 continental nuclear weapons test series. Technical report
This report describes the activities of an estimated 11,000 DOD personnel, both military and civilian, in Operation TEAPOT, the fifth atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series conducted in Nevada from 18 February to 15 May 1955. Activities engaging DOD personnel included Exercise Desert Rock VI observer programs, troop tests, and technical service programs; AEC scientific and diagnostic experiments to evaluate the
J. Ponton; C. Maag; M. Wilkinson; R. F. Shepanek
ENRAF Series 854 Advanced Technology Gauge (ATG) Acceptance Test Procedure
This procedure provides acceptance testing for Enraf Series 854 level gauges used to monitor levels in Hanford Waste Storage Tanks. The test will verify that the gauge functions according to the manufacturer's instructions and specifications and is properly setup prior to being delivered to the tank farm area. This ATP does not set up the gauge for any specific tank, but is generalized to permit testing the gauge prior to installation package preparation.
Testing the effectiveness of mobile home weatherization measures in a controlled environment: The SERI CMFERT (Collaborative Manufactured Buildings Facility for Energy Research and Training) Project
For several years the Solar Energy Research Institute has been testing the effectiveness of mobile home weatherization measures, with the support of the US DOE Office of State and Local Assistance Programs Weatherization Assistance Program, the DOE Office of Buildings and Community Systems, the seven states within the federal Weatherization Region 7, the Colorado Division of Housing, and the DOE Denver Support Office. During the winter of 1988--89, several weatherization measures were thermally tested on three mobile homes under controlled conditions inside a large environmental enclosure. The effects of each weatherization measure on conduction losses, infiltration losses, and combined furnace and duct-delivered heat efficiency were monitored. The retrofit options included air sealing, duct repair, furnace tune-up, interior storm panels, floor insulation, and roof insulation. The study demonstrated that cost-effective heating energy savings of about 20% to 50% are possible if weatherization techniques adapted to the special construction details in mobile homes are applied. 24 refs., 18 figs., 9 tabs.
Judkoff, R.D.; Hancock, C.E.; Franconi, E.
Using Textbooks Effectively. TESOL Classroom Practice Series
This volume in the TESOL Classroom Practice Series asks one fundamental question, "How can teachers teach the students, not the book?" The response, given within "Using Textbooks Effectively", is to move beyond the textbook as a separate entity and view it instead as part of the ESOL curriculum process and as a tool for student learning. The…
Savova, Lilia, Ed.
Testing for Unit Roots in Seasonal Time Series
Regression estimators of coefficients in seasonal autoregressive models are described. The percentiles of the distributions for time series that have unit roots at the seasonal lag are computed by Monte Carlo integration for finite samples and by analytic techniques and Monte Carlo integration for the limit case. The tabled distributions may be used to test the hypothesis that a time
D. A. Dickey; D. P. Hasza; W. A. Fuller
Science Library of Test Items. Volume Ten. Mastery Testing Programme. [Mastery Tests Series 2.] Tests M14-M26.
As part of a series of tests to measure mastery of specific skills in the natural sciences, copies of tests 14 through 26 include: (14) calculating an average; (15) identifying parts of the scientific method; (16) reading a geological map; (17) identifying elements, mixtures and compounds; (18) using Ohm's law in calculation; (19) interpreting…
New South Wales Dept. of Education, Sydney (Australia).
Science Library of Test Items. Volume Thirteen. Mastery Testing Program. [Mastery Tests Series 5.] Tests M51-M65.
As part of a series of tests to measure mastery of specific skills in the natural sciences, copies of tests 51 through 65 include: (51) interpreting atomic and mass numbers; (52) extrapolating from a geological map; (53) matching geological sections and maps; (54) identifying parts of the human eye; (55) identifying the functions of parts of a…
Testing for changes in autocovariances of nonparametric time series models
In the literature on change-point analysis, much attention has been paid to detecting changes in certain marginal characteristics, such as mean, variance, and marginal distribution. For time series data with nonparametric time trend, we study the change-point problem for the autocovariance structure of the unobservable error process. To derive the asymptotic distribution of the cumulative sum test statistic, we develop substantial theory for uniform convergence of weighted partial sums and weighted quadratic forms. Our asymptotic results improve upon existing works in several important aspects. The performance of the test statistic is examined through simulations and an application to interest rates data. PMID:23243334
Li, Xiaoye; Zhao, Zhibiao
Gas Generation from K East Basin Sludges - Series II Testing
This report describes work to examine the gas generation behavior of actual K East (KE) Basin floor, pit and canister sludge. Mixed and unmixed and fractionated KE canister sludge were tested, along with floor and pit sludges from areas in the KE Basin not previously sampled. The first report in this series focused on gas generation from KE floor and canister sludge collected using a consolidated sampling technique. The third report will present results of gas generation testing of irradiated uranium fuel fragments with and without sludge addition. The path forward for management of the K Basin Sludge is to retrieve, ship, and store the sludge at T Plant until final processing at some future date. Gas generation will impact the designs and costs of systems associated with retrieval, transportation and storage of sludge.
Bryan, Samuel A.; Delegard, Calvin H.; Schmidt, Andrew J.; Sell, Rachel L.; Silvers, Kurt L.; Gano, Susan R.; Thornton, Brenda M.
Science Library of Test Items. Volume Sixteen. Mastery Testing Program. Series 6. Tests M66-M91.
As part of a series of tests to measure mastery of specific skills in the natural sciences, print masters of tests 66 through 91 are provided. Among the areas covered are: carbon compounds; evolution; map reading; genetics; energy; chemical formulae; electricity; graphs; metric measures; solubility; and physical separations. Many tests contain…
Testing for Homogeneity of Variance in Time Series: Long Memory, Wavelets and the Nile River
Testing for Homogeneity of Variance in Time Series: Long Memory, Wavelets and the Nile River i e s NRCSE-TRS No. 009 #12;Testing for Homogeneity of Variance in Time Series: Long Memory consider the problem of testing for homogeneity of variance in a time series with long memory structure. We
Washington at Seattle, University of
EPA Science Inventory
The EPA's OHMSETT facility has developed a rapid field test that includes some of the theoretical aspects and conditions of dispersion at sea. This Field Dispersant Effectiveness Test (FDET) has been used to evaluate the dispersibility of various commonly-transported oils and mak...
Development of effective compression for CT series
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
The transmission and storage became a major dilemma due to the large size of medical imaging data. Clinical CT scanners typically generate sequential data in each patient. Because there are great correlations between continuous slices in these data, we could investigate a significant breakthrough in data compression applying motion estimation and compensation. With motion vector and motion compensated frame difference, we propose a new approach to encode a compressed sequential stream into DICOM image data structure and it may also be possible to efficiently redesign a multiframe header approach, which could improve compression ratios due to the avoidance of duplicative header information of each DICOM file in the same patient. Motion estimation could be retrieved by block matching approaches on 8x8 blocks of image information. For each 8x8 block, a single motion vector was found by minimizing the mean-square error. The compensation of the estimated motion was presented to smooth out the artifacts along block boundaries. In result, we were able to show the higher compression ratios relative to the output file size and effectively transfer a series of CT images at lower bit rates.
Lee, Jaehoon; Kim, Hee-Joung; Yoo, Hyung-Sik
An Omnibus Test for Red Noise, with Applications to Climatology Time Series
An Omnibus Test for Red Noise, with Applications to Climatology Time Series Don Percival Applied in climatology) · will demonstrate use of tests on two climatology time series 1 Example of a Climatology Time 2000 1002 1004 1006 1008 1010 1012 1014 1016 year millibars 2 Example of a Climatology Time Series (NPI
Percival, Don
A test for second order stationarity of a time series based on the Discrete Fourier Transform
A test for second order stationarity of a time series based on the Discrete Fourier Transform property, we construct a Portmanteau type test statistic for testing stationarity of the time series. It is shown that under the null of stationarity, the test statistic is approximately a chi square distribution
Subba Rao, Suhasini
The Facilities Committee. AGB Effective Committee Series
This publication is part of an Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges (AGB) series devoted to strengthening the role of key standing committees of governing boards. While there is no optimum committee system for institutions of higher education, certain principles, practices, and procedures prevail. The best practices…
Kaiser, Harvey H.
PX series AMTEC cell design, testing and analysis
PX (Pluto Express) cell testing and analysis has shown that AMTEC (Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Conversion) cells can reach the power levels required by proposed RPS (Radioisotope Power Supply) system designs. A major PX cell design challenge was to optimize the power and efficiency of the cell while allowing a broad operational power range. These design optimization issues are greatly dependent on the placement of the evaporation zone. Before the PX-2 and PX-4 cells were built, the results from the PX-1, ATC-2 (artery test cell) and design analysis indicated the need for a thermal bridge between the heat input surface of the cell and the structure supporting the evaporation zone. Test and analytic results are presented illustrating the magnitude of the power transfer to the evaporation zone and the effect of this power transfer on the performance of the cell. Comparisons are also made between the cell test data and analytic results of cell performance to validate the analytic models.
Borkowski, C.A.; Sievers, R.K.; Hendricks, T.J. [Advanced Modular Power Systems, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI (United States)
Background: Plants are ubiquitous in nature and are essential for human life, though some do have detrimental effects. In India, there are various indigenous and foreign plants that are well known to cause dermatitis, Parthenium hysterophorus being the foremost. Aims of the Study: To study the clinical features of patients presenting with plant dermatitis and evaluate plant allergen series patch test results. Materials and Methods: 50 patients with suspected plant dermatitis were evaluated regarding evolution of dermatitis, precipitating factors and contact with various plants. 31 patients (62%) complained of photo sensitivity and 24 (48%) had involvement of sun-exposed areas. Our provisional diagnoses included allergic contact dermatitis in 16, air borne contact dermatitis in 9, phytophotodermatitis in 7, photodermatitis in 6, airborne contact dermatitis to other causes in 4, phytodermatitis in 3. Patients were patch tested with Indian standard series of allergens as well as plant allergen series consisting of common allergenic plants of local flora in and around Manipal and also with plants strongly suspected by the patient. 35 tested positive with maximum positives (26 patients, i.e., 52%) to Parthenium hysterophorus (Compositae). Results: The result of patch testing was correlated with the history and clinical examination and relevance established. Conclusions: Majority of the patients with clinically suspected plant dermatitis belonged to 3rd or 4th decade and Parthenium was the leading plant allergen Sensitization to Leguminosae plants and Hopea ponga, seen in 9 cases, have not been reported earlier in literature. PMID:21965844
Davis, Suraj V; Shenoi, S D; Prabhu, S; Shirwaiker, A; Balachandran, C
Cladding separate effects study: HSST seventh irradiation series
The existence of a layer of tough weld overlay cladding on the interior of a light-water reactor pressure vessel could mitigate the damage caused during certain overcooling transients. This would occur if the cladding can keep a short surface flaw, which would otherwise become long, from growing either by impeding crack initiation or by arresting a running crack. Two aspects of cladding behavior critical to assessing its potential benefit are being examined within the HSST Program: irradiation effects on cladding toughness and the response of mechanically loaded, flawed structures in the presence of a cladding. A two-phase irradiation experiment is being conducted. In the first phase, Charpy impact and tensile specimens from a single-wire, submerged-arc stainless steel weld overlay were irradiated to 2 /times/ 10/sup 23/ neutrons/m/sup 2/ (>1 MeV) at 288/degree/C. Typical, good quality pressure vessel cladding exhibited very little irradiation-induced degradation. In the second phase of irradiations, now in progress, a commercially produced three-wire series-arc weldment is being evaluated under identical irradiation and testing conditions as the first series. In addition, 0.5T compact specimens of both weldments and higher fluences are being examined. The specimens for Phase 2 have been successfully irradiated and all testing should be completed by the end of FY 1987.
Corwin, W.R.
Modulation and SSR tests performed on the BPA 500 kV thyristor controlled series capacitor unit at Slatt substation
Field experience is reported for a thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) recently commissioned at BPA's Slatt substation. Subsynchronous resonance tests show that TCSC interactions with shaft dynamics of PGE's Boardman steam generator are well understood and are effectively avoided by normal TCSC valve firing logic. Modulation tests, performed with the Boardman plant offline, show that the TCSC can be a
J. F. Hauer; W. A. Mittelstadt; R. J. Piwko; B. L. Damsky; J. D. Eden
General-Purpose Heat Source development: Extended series test program large fragment tests
General-Purpose Heat Source radioisotope thermoelectric generators (GPHS-RTGs) will provide electric power for the NASA Galileo and European Space Agency Ulysses missions. Each GPHS-RTG comprises two major components: GPHS modules, which provide thermal energy, and a thermoelectric converter, which converts the thermal energy into electric power. Each of the 18 GPHS modules in a GPHS-RTG contains four /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/-fueled capsules. LANL conducted a series of safety verification tests on the GPHS-RTG before the scheduled May 1986 launch of the Galileo spacecraft to assess the ability of the GPHS modules to contain the plutonia in potential accident environments. As a result of the Challenger 51-L accident in January 1986, NASA postponed the launch of Galileo; the launch vehicle was reconfigured and the spacecraft trajectory was modified. These actions prompted NASA to reevaluate potential mission accidents, and an extended series safety test program was initiated. The program included a series of large fragment tests that simulated the collision of solid rocket booster (SRB) fragments, generated in an SRB motor case rupture or resulting from a range safety officer SRB destruct action, with the GPHS-RTG. The tests indicated that fueled clads, inside a converter, will not breach or release fuel after a square (142 cm on a side) SRB fragment impacts flat-on at velocities up to 212 m/s, and that only the leading fueled capsules breach and release fuel after the square SRB fragment impacts the modules, inside the converter, edge-on at 95 m/s. 8 refs., 32 figs., 7 tabs.
Cull, T.A.
Misuse Study of Latch Attachment: A Series of Frontal Sled Tests
This study was initiated to quantify the effects of the misuse in LATCH lower webbing. In the short period since the implementation of the LATCH system several cases of potential misuses have been reported. A series of sled tests in frontal impact mode were conducted with various misuse conditions (loose attachment of LATCH lower webbing, misrouting of LATCH lower webbing and child seat back inclination) for both forward and rearward facing child safety seats (FFCSS and RFCSS). Results from these tests are compared and discussed with that of the standard test with no misuse and showed that as the slack in the lower LATCH webbing increased, ATD injury measures exceeded the limits. The FFCSS tests in the reclined condition yielded lower injury values for all except the chest G's when compared to the standard upright test. In the misrouting tests the ATD kinematics depended on the routing pivot point, the lower the pivot point the better the ATD kinematics. Similar findings were also observed in the RFCSS tests. The use of top tether with the FFCSS substantially improved the performance of the Hybrid III 3 year old ATD in spite of misuse conditions and the injury values were lower than the corresponding tests with no top tether. The effective reduction was 37% in the HIC values, 6% in the chest G's, 30% in the head excursion, 22 % in the knee excursion and finally 37 % reduction in the Nij values. PMID:18184489
Menon, Rajiv; Ghati, Yoganand
Explosion overpressure test series: General-Purpose Heat Source development: Safety Verification Test program
The General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) is a modular, radioisotope heat source that will be used in radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs) to supply electric power for space missions. The first two uses will be the NASA Galileo and the ESA Ulysses missions. The RTG for these missions will contain 18 GPHS modules, each of which contains four /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/-fueled clads and generates 250 W/sub (t)/. A series of Safety Verification Tests (SVTs) was conducted to assess the ability of the GPHS modules to contain the plutonia in accident environments. Because a launch pad or postlaunch explosion of the Space Transportation System vehicle (space shuttle) is a conceivable accident, the SVT plan included a series of tests that simulated the overpressure exposure the RTG and GPHS modules could experience in such an event. Results of these tests, in which we used depleted UO/sub 2/ as a fuel simulant, suggest that exposure to overpressures as high as 15.2 MPa (2200 psi), without subsequent impact, does not result in a release of fuel.
Cull, T.A.; George, T.G.; Pavone, D.
Analysis of extrema of heartbeat time series in exercise test
reflects the physiological control mechanism of the autonomic nervous system on heart rate. This series of the heart rate. The main mechanism is the autonomous nervous system, which controls heart rate via the sympathetic and parasympathetic terminations. The vari- ability of the RR sequence, known as Heart Rate
Cammarota, Camillo
Shot Bee, a test of the TEAPOT series, 22 March 1955. Technical report
This report describes the activities of more than 3,000 DOD personnel, both military and civilian, in Shot BEE, the sixth nuclear test in the TEAPOT atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series. The test was conducted on 22 March 1955 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock VI, AFSWP, AFSWC, and the AEC Test Groups. The Marine Brigade Exercise troop test involved
C. Maag; M. Wilkinson; S. Rohrer
An Omnibus Test for Red Noise, with Applications to Climatology Time Series Don Percival Applied in climatology) · will demonstrate use of tests on two climatology time series 1 #12;Example of a Climatology 1980 2000 1002 1004 1006 1008 1010 1012 1014 1016 year millibars 2 #12;Example of a Climatology Time
Effective Educational Practices. Educational Practices Series--3.
This booklet focuses on aspects of effective education that appear to be universal in formal schooling. The practices, which are generally for use in elementary and secondary classrooms, show large, positive learning effects for students in widely varying conditions. Information in the booklet is based on research spanning half a century. Each…
Walberg, Herbert J.; Paik, Susan J.
A Surrogate Test for Pseudo-periodic Time Series Data
Standard (linear) surrogate methods are only useful for time series exhibiting no pseudo-periodic structure. We describe a new algorithm that can distinguish between a noisy periodic orbit and deterministic non-periodic inter-cycle dynamics. Possible origins of deterministic non-periodic inter-cycle dynamics include: non-periodic linear or nonlinear dynamics, or chaos. This new algorithm is based on mimicking the large-scale dynamics with a local model, but obliterating the fine scale features with dynamic noise. We demonstrate the application of this method to artificial data and experimental time series, including human electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings during sinus rhythm and ventricular tachycardia (VT). The method is able to successfully differentiate between the chaotic Rössler system and a pseudo periodic realization of the Rössler equations with dynamic noise. Application to ECG data demonstrates that both sinus rhythm and VT exhibit nontrivial inter-cycle dynamics.
Small, Michael; Harrison, Robert G.; Tse, C. K.
Forecasting ocean wave energy: Tests of time-series models
This paper evaluates the ability of time-series models to predict the energy from ocean waves. Data sets from four Pacific Ocean sites are analyzed. The energy flux is found to exhibit nonlinear variability. The probability distribution has heavy tails, while the fractal dimension is non-integer. This argues for using nonlinear models. The primary technique used here is a time-varying parameter
Gordon Reikard
NASA Boeing 757 HIRF test series low power on-the-ground tests
The data acquisition phase of a program intended to provide data for the validation of computational, analytical, and experimental techniques for the assessment of electromagnetic effects in commercial transports; for the checkout of instrumentation for following test programs; and for the support of protection engineering of airborne systems has been completed. Funded by the NASA Fly-By-Light/ Power-By-Wire Program, the initial phase involved on-the-ground electromagnetic measurements using the NASA Boeing 757 and was executed in the LESLI Facility at the USAF Phillips Laboratory. The major participants in this project were LLNL, NASA Langley Research Center, Phillips Laboratory, and UIE, Inc. The tests were performed over a five week period during September through November, 1994. Measurements were made of the fields coupled into the aircraft interior and signals induced in select structures and equipment under controlled illumination by RF fields. A characterization of the ground was also performed to permit ground effects to be included in forthcoming validation exercises. This report and the associated test plan that is included as an appendix represent a definition of the overall on-the-ground test program. They include descriptions of the test rationale, test layout, and samples of the data. In this report, a detailed description of each executed test is provided, as is the data identification (data id) relating the specific test with its relevant data files. Samples of some inferences from the data that will be useful in protection engineering and EM effects mitigation are also presented. The test plan which guided the execution of the tests, a test report by UIE Inc., and the report describing the concrete pad characterization are included as appendices.
Poggio, A.J.; Pennock, S.T.; Zacharias, R.A.; Avalle, C.A.; Carney, H.L. [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley AFB, VA (United States). Langley Research Center] [National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley AFB, VA (United States). Langley Research Center
Shot HOOD: a test of the PLUMBBOB series, 5 July 1957. Final report
This report describes the activities of DoD personnel, both military and civilian, in Shot HOOD, the 6th nuclear test in the PLUMBBOB atmospheric weapons testing series. The test was conducted on 5 July 1957 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock VII and VIII, AFSWP, AFSWC, and AEC test groups. This volume also describes the radiological safety criteria and procedures
General-purpose heat source development: Safety Verification Test Program. Titanium bullet/fragment test series
The radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) that will provide power for the Galileo and Ulysses space missions contains 18 General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules. Each module contains four /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/-fueled clads and generates 250 W(t). Because the possibility of launch-pad or postlaunch explosion exists and because any explosion would generate a field of high-energy fragments, the fueled clads within each GPHS module must be able to survive fragment impact. In this test series we investigated the response of bare, simulant-fueled (UO/sub 2/) clads to the impact of high-energy titanium alloy fragments. We determined that 425m/s is the threshold impact velocity of a 3.25-g titanium bullet that will cause direct mechanical failure of a bare fueled clad. 40 figs.
George, T.G.
General-Purpose Heat Source development: Safety Verification Test Program. Bullet/fragment test series
The radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) that will provide power for space missions contains 18 General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules. Each module contains four /sup 238/PuO/sub 2/-fueled clads and generates 250 W/sub (t)/. Because a launch-pad or post-launch explosion is always possible, we need to determine the ability of GPHS fueled clads within a module to survive fragment impact. The bullet/fragment test series, part of the Safety Verification Test Plan, was designed to provide information on clad response to impact by a compact, high-energy, aluminum-alloy fragment and to establish a threshold value of fragment energy required to breach the iridium cladding. Test results show that a velocity of 555 m/s (1820 ft/s) with an 18-g bullet is at or near the threshold value of fragment velocity that will cause a clad breach. Results also show that an exothermic Ir/Al reaction occurs if aluminum and hot iridium are in contact, a contact that is possible and most damaging to the clad within a narrow velocity range. The observed reactions between the iridium and the aluminum were studied in the laboratory and are reported in the Appendix.
George, T.G.; Tate, R.E.; Axler, K.M.
Time Series Analysis of Alternative Media Effects Theories.
A study was conducted in the Washington, D.C., area to test mass media effects in a community controversy. Five possible theories were hypothesized to explain the effects media have on a community: indirect and direct effects, null effects, agenda setting, reverse effects, and reverse agenda setting. During the 16-month test period of the British…
Watt, James H., Jr.; van den Berg, Sjef A.
Shots Diablo to Franklin Prime, the mid-series tests of the Plumbbob series, 15 July - 30 August 1957. Final report
This report describes the activities of DOD personnel, both military and civilian, in the eight mid-series shots of Operation PLUMBBOB, an atmospheric weapons testing series. The tests were conducted from 15 July 1957 through 30 August 1957 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock VII and VIII, AFSWP, AFSWC, and various AEC test groups. This volume also describes the radiological
C. Maag; J. Ponton
Can Teachers Be Evaluated by Their Students' Test Scores? Should They Be? The Use of Value-Added Measures of Teacher Effectiveness in Policy and Practice. Executive Summary. Education Policy for Action Series
"Value-added" measures of teacher effectiveness are the centerpiece of a national movement to evaluate, promote, compensate, and dismiss teachers based in part on their students' test results. Federal, state, and local policy-makers have embraced these measures in recent years as a means to objectively quantify teacher quality and to identify,…
Corcoran, Sean P.
Shot SIMON, a test of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series, 25 April 1953. Technical report
This report describes the activities performed by DOD personnel, both civilian and military, at SHOT SIMON, the seventh nuclear test in the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series. SIMON had an expected yield of 35 kilotons, but its actual yield was 43 kilotons. The test was conducted on 25 April 1953 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock V, AFSWP,
J. Massie; C. Maag; S. Rohrer; R. Shepanek
X-0557 modified Steven tests : series I and II /.
Low-velocity mechanical impact leading to unintentional reaction is of concern in accident scenarios involving the handling, transport, and storage of high explosives (HE). These have been investigated using different experimental techniques, from small- to large-scale, including, but not limited to the drop weight impact, Taylor anvil impact, Susan,1 and more recently, the Steven and Modified Steven tests.2-8 Ideally, the data will be used to further advance 3-D finite element analysis predictive capability with improved bulk constitutive HE models for the assessment of HE response to mechanical insult. Our overall objectives for these experiments were to (1) evaluate the HE reaction threshold behavior for two different lots of X-0557, and (2) characterize the degree of reaction violence relative to a detonation. This report summarizes our single impact test results on the two different lots of X-0557 in Modified Steven targets.
Straight, J. W. (James W.); Osborn, M. A. (Michael A.); Coulter, W. L. (William L.); Mang, J. T. (Joseph T.); Anderson, M. C. (Mark C.); Idar, D. J. (Deanne J.)
X-0557 modified Steven tests : series I and II
Low-velocity mechanical impact leading to unintentional reaction is of concern in accident scenarios involving the handling, transport, and storage of high explosives (HE). These have been investigated using different experimental techniques, from small- to large-scale, including, but not limited to the drop weight impact, Taylor anvil impact, Susan,1 and more recently, the Steven and Modified Steven tests.2-8 Ideally, the data
J. W. Straight; M. A. Osborn; W. L. Coulter; J. T. Mang; M. C. Anderson; D. J. Idar
Test–retest reliability and feature selection in physiological time series classification
Feature test–retest reliability is proposed as a useful criterion for the selection\\/exclusion of features in time series classification tasks. Three sets of physiological time series are examined, EEG and ECG recordings together with measurements of neck movement. Comparisons of reliability estimates from test–retest studies with measures of feature importance from classification tasks suggest that low reliability can be used to
Steinn Gudmundsson; Thomas Philip Runarsson; Sven Sigurdsson
Design and evaluation of a 3 million DN series-hybrid thrust bearing. [stability tests and fatigue tests
The bearing, consisting of a 150-mm ball bearing and a centrifugally actuated, conical, fluid-film bearing, was fatigue tested. Test conditions were representative of a mainshaft ball bearing in a gas turbine engine operating at maximum thrust load to simulate aircraft takeoff conditions. Tests were conducted up to 16000 rpm and at this speed an axial load of 15568 newtons (3500 lb) was safely supported by the hybrid bearing system. Through the series-hybrid bearing principle, the effective ball bearing speed was reduced to approximately one-half of the shaft speed. It was concluded that a speed reduction of this magnitude results in a ten-fold increase in the ball bearing fatigue life. A successful evaluation of fluid-film bearing lubricant supply failure was performed repeatedly at an operating speed of 10,000 rpm. A complete and smooth changeover to full-scale ball bearing operation was effected when the oil supply to the fluid-film bearing was cut off. Reactivation of the fluid-film oil supply system resulted in a flawless return to the original mode of hybrid operation.
Scibbe, H. W.; Winn, L. W.; Eusepi, M.
The Effects of Physical Attractiveness and Anxiety on Heterosexual Attraction Over a Series of Five Encounters
The "information availability model" of heterosexual attraction was tested by having subjects go on a series of five encounters. It was found that both physical attractiveness and the personality variable, anxiety, had early and continuous effects on liking. It was concluded the model is an inadequate explanation of heterosexual attraction.…
Mathes, Eugene W.
Paracetamol effectiveness, safety and blood level monitoring during patent ductus arteriosus closure: a case series.
Paracetamol was reported to be effective for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) closure. We present a case series of PDA closure by paracetamol in seven premature infants. During the treatment, paracetamol blood levels did not exceed the recommended levels for analgesia and hyperthermia in six tested infants. None of the patients demonstrated significant disturbances of liver function. PMID:24460433
Kessel, Irena; Waisman, Dan; Lavie-Nevo, Karen; Golzman, Marcelo; Lorber, Avraham; Rotschild, Avi
Perseus B Taxi Tests in Preparation for a New Series of Flight Tests
The Perseus B remotely piloted aircraft taxis on the runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California, before a series of development flights at NASA's Dryden flight Research Center. The Perseus B is the latest of three versions of the Perseus design developed by Aurora Flight Sciences under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. Perseus B is a remotely piloted aircraft developed as a design-performance testbed under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) project. Perseus is one of several flight vehicles involved in the ERAST project. A piston engine, propeller-powered aircraft, Perseus was designed and built by Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, Manassas, Virginia. The objectives of Perseus B's ERAST flight tests have been to reach and maintain horizontal flight above altitudes of 60,000 feet and demonstrate the capability to fly missions lasting from 8 to 24 hours, depending on payload and altitude requirements. The Perseus B aircraft established an unofficial altitude record for a single-engine, propeller-driven, remotely piloted aircraft on June 27, 1998. It reached an altitude of 60,280 feet. In 1999, several modifications were made to the Perseus aircraft including engine, avionics, and flight-control-system improvements. These improvements were evaluated in a series of operational readiness and test missions at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. Perseus is a high-wing monoplane with a conventional tail design. Its narrow, straight, high-aspect-ratio wing is mounted atop the fuselage. The aircraft is pusher-designed with the propeller mounted in the rear. This design allows for interchangeable scientific-instrument payloads to be placed in the forward fuselage. The design also allows for unobstructed airflow to the sensors and other devices mounted in the payload compartment. The Perseus B that underwent test and development in 1999 was the third generation of the Perseus design, which began with the Perseus Proof-Of-Concept aircraft. Perseus was initially developed as part of NASA's Small High-Altitude Science Aircraft (SHASA) program, which later evolved into the ERAST project. The Perseus Proof-Of-Concept aircraft first flew in November 1991 and made three low-altitude flights within a month to validate the Perseus aerodynamic model and flight control systems. Next came the redesigned Perseus A, which incorporated a closed-cycle combustion system that mixed oxygen carried aboard the aircraft with engine exhaust to compensate for the thin air at high altitudes. The Perseus A was towed into the air by a ground vehicle and its engine started after it became airborne. Prior to landing, the engine was stopped, the propeller locked in horizontal position, and the Perseus A glided to a landing on its unique bicycle-type landing gear. Two Perseus A aircraft were built and made 21 flights in 1993-1994. One of the Perseus A aircraft reached over 50,000 feet in altitude on its third test flight. Although one of the Perseus A aircraft was destroyed in a crash after a vertical gyroscope failed in flight, the other aircraft completed its test program and remains on display at Aurora's facility in Manassas. Perseus B first flew Oct. 7, 1994, and made two flights in 1996 before being damaged in a hard landing on the dry lakebed after a propeller shaft failure. After a number of improvements and upgrades-including extending the original 58.5-foot wingspan to 71.5 feet to enhance high-altitude performance--the Perseus B returned to Dryden in the spring of 1998 for a series of four flights. Thereafter, a series of modifications were made including external fuel pods on the wing that more than doubled the fuel capacity to 100 gallons. Engine power was increased by more than 20 percent by boosting the turbocharger output. Fuel consumption was reduced with fuel control modifications and a leaner fuel-air mixture that did not compromise power. The aircraft again crashed on Oct. 1, 1999, near Barstow, California, suffering moderate damage to the air
Effective Second Language Writing. TESOL Classroom Practice Series
The classroom practices discussed in "Effective Second Language Writing" reflect various trends and methodologies; however, the underlying theme in this volume of the Classroom Practice Series is the need for clear and meaningful communication between ESL writers and their readers. While approaches differ, two core beliefs are constant: ESL…
Kasten, Susan, Ed.
Ground testing on the nonvented fill method of orbital propellant transfer: Results of initial test series
The results are presented of a series of no-vent fill experiments conducted on a 175 cu ft flightweight hydrogen tank. The experiments consisted of the nonvented fill of the tankage with liquid hydrogen using two different inlet systems (top spray, and bottom spray) at different tank initial conditions and inflow rates. Nine tests were completed of which six filled in excess of 94 percent. The experiments demonstrated a consistent and repeatable ability to fill the tank in excess of 94 percent using the nonvented fill technique. Ninety-four percent was established as the high level cutoff due to requirements for some tank ullage to prevent rapid tank pressure rise which occurs in a tank filled entirely with liquid. The best fill was terminated at 94 percent full with a tank internal pressure less than 26 psia. Although the baseline initial tank wall temperature criteria was that all portions of the tank wall be less than 40 R, fills were achieved with initial wall temperatures as high as 227 R.
Chato, David J.
Shot BADGER, a test of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series, 18 April 1953. Technical report
This report describes the activities of DOD personnel in Shot BADGER, the sixth nuclear test in the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series. The test, conducted on 18 April 1953, involved military personnel in Exercise Desert Rock V, AFSWP, AFSWC, and AEC test activities. The largest activity was the 2d Marine Corps Provisional Atomic Exercise Brigade maneuver involving 2,167 Marines.
The Perseus B remotely piloted aircraft on the runway at Edwards Air Force Base, California at the conclusion of a development flight at NASA's Dryden flight Research Center. The Perseus B is the latest of three versions of the Perseus design developed by Aurora Flight Sciences under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) program. Perseus B is a remotely piloted aircraft developed as a design-performance testbed under NASA's Environmental Research Aircraft and Sensor Technology (ERAST) project. Perseus is one of several flight vehicles involved in the ERAST project. A piston engine, propeller-powered aircraft, Perseus was designed and built by Aurora Flight Sciences Corporation, Manassas, Virginia. The objectives of Perseus B's ERAST flight tests have been to reach and maintain horizontal flight above altitudes of 60,000 feet and demonstrate the capability to fly missions lasting from 8 to 24 hours, depending on payload and altitude requirements. The Perseus B aircraft established an unofficial altitude record for a single-engine, propeller-driven, remotely piloted aircraft on June 27, 1998. It reached an altitude of 60,280 feet. In 1999, several modifications were made to the Perseus aircraft including engine, avionics, and flight-control-system improvements. These improvements were evaluated in a series of operational readiness and test missions at the Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California. Perseus is a high-wing monoplane with a conventional tail design. Its narrow, straight, high-aspect-ratio wing is mounted atop the fuselage. The aircraft is pusher-designed with the propeller mounted in the rear. This design allows for interchangeable scientific-instrument payloads to be placed in the forward fuselage. The design also allows for unobstructed airflow to the sensors and other devices mounted in the payload compartment. The Perseus B that underwent test and development in 1999 was the third generation of the Perseus design, which began with the Perseus Proof-Of-Concept aircraft. Perseus was initially developed as part of NASA's Small High-Altitude Science Aircraft (SHASA) program, which later evolved into the ERAST project. The Perseus Proof-Of-Concept aircraft first flew in November 1991 and made three low-altitude flights within a month to validate the Perseus aerodynamic model and flight control systems. Next came the redesigned Perseus A, which incorporated a closed-cycle combustion system that mixed oxygen carried aboard the aircraft with engine exhaust to compensate for the thin air at high altitudes. The Perseus A was towed into the air by a ground vehicle and its engine started after it became airborne. Prior to landing, the engine was stopped, the propeller locked in horizontal position, and the Perseus A glided to a landing on its unique bicycle-type landing gear. Two Perseus A aircraft were built and made 21 flights in 1993-1994. One of the Perseus A aircraft reached over 50,000 feet in altitude on its third test flight. Although one of the Perseus A aircraft was destroyed in a crash after a vertical gyroscope failed in flight, the other aircraft completed its test program and remains on display at Aurora's facility in Manassas. Perseus B first flew Oct. 7, 1994, and made two flights in 1996 before being damaged in a hard landing on the dry lakebed after a propeller shaft failure. After a number of improvements and upgrades-including extending the original 58.5-foot wingspan to 71.5 feet to enhance high-altitude performance--the Perseus B returned to Dryden in the spring of 1998 for a series of four flights. Thereafter, a series of modifications were made including external fuel pods on the wing that more than doubled the fuel capacity to 100 gallons. Engine power was increased by more than 20 percent by boosting the turbocharger output. Fuel consumption was reduced with fuel control modifications and a leaner fuel-air mixture that did not compromise power. The aircraft again crashed on Oct. 1, 1999, near Barstow, California, suffering moderate damage to the aircraf
General-purpose heat source safety verification test series: SVT-11 through SVT-13
The General-Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) is a modular component of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator that will provide power for the Galileo and Ulysses (formerly ISPM) space missions. The GPHS provides power by transmitting the heat of /sup 238/Pu ..cap alpha..-decay to an array of thermoelectric elements. Because the possibility of an orbital abort always exists, the heat source was designed and constructed to minimize plutonia release in any accident environment. The Safety Verification Test (SVT) series was formulated to evaluate the effectiveness of GPHS plutonia containment after atmospheric reentry and Earth impact. The first two reports (covering SVT-1 through SVT-10) described the results of flat, side-on, and angular module impacts against steel targets at 54 m/s. This report describes flat-on module impacts against concrete and granite targets, at velocities equivalent to or higher than previous SVTs.
George, T.G.; Pavone, D.
Results of the mission profile life test. [for J-series mercury ion engines
Seven J series 30-cm diameter thrusters have been tested in segments of up to 5,070 hr, for 14,541 hr in the Mission Profile Life Test facility. Test results have indicated the basic thruster design to be consistent with the lifetime goal of 15,000 hr at 2-A beam. The only areas of concern identified which appear to require additional verification testing involve contamination of mercury propellant isolators, which may be due to facility constituents, and the ability of specially covered surfaces to contain sputtered material and prevent flake formation. The ability of the SCR, series resonant inverter power processor to operate the J series thruster and autonomous computer control of the thruster/processor system were demonstrated.
Bechtel, R. T.; Trump, G. E.; James, E. L.
New significance test methods for Fourier analysis of geophysical time series
When one applies the discrete Fourier transform to analyze finite-length time series, discontinuities at the data boundaries will distort its Fourier power spectrum. In this paper, based on a rigid statistics framework, we present a new significance test method which can extract the intrinsic feature of a geophysical time series very well. We show the difference in significance level compared with traditional Fourier tests by analyzing the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Nino3.4 time series. In the AO, we find significant peaks at about 2.8, 4.3, and 5.7 yr periods and in Nino3.4 at about 12 yr period in tests against red noise. These peaks are not significant in traditional tests.
Zhang, Z.; Moore, J. C.
Gas Generation from K East Basin Sludges and Irradiated Metallic Uranium Fuel Particles Series III Testing
The path forward for managing of Hanford K Basin sludge calls for it to be packaged, shipped, and stored at T Plant until final processing at a future date. An important consideration for the design and cost of retrieval, transportation, and storage systems is the potential for heat and gas generation through oxidation reactions between uranium metal and water. This report, the third in a series (Series III), describes work performed at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to assess corrosion and gas generation from irradiated metallic uranium particles (fuel particles) with and without K Basin sludge addition. The testing described in this report consisted of 12 tests. In 10 of the tests, 4.3 to 26.4 g of fuel particles of selected size distribution were placed into 60- or 800-ml reaction vessels with 0 to 100 g settled sludge. In another test, a single 3.72-g fuel fragment (i.e., 7150-mm particle) was placed in a 60 ml reaction vessel with no added sludge. The twelfth test contained only sludge. The fuel particles were prepared by crushing archived coupons (samples) from an irradiated metallic uranium fuel element. After loading the sludge materials (whether fuel particles, mixtures of fuel particles and sludge, or sludge-only) into reaction vessels, the solids were covered with an excess of K Basin water, the vessels closed and connected to a gas measurement manifold, and the vessels back-flushed with inert neon cover gas. The vessels were then heated to a constant temperature. The gas pressures and temperatures were monitored continuously from the times the vessels were purged. Gas samples were collected at various times during the tests, and the samples analyzed by mass spectrometry. Data on the reaction rates of uranium metal fuel particles with water as a function of temperature and particle size were generated. The data were compared with published studies on metallic uranium corrosion kinetics. The effects of an intimate overlying sludge layer (''blanket'') on the uranium metal corrosion rates were also evaluated.
Schmidt, Andrew J.; Delegard, Calvin H.; Bryan, Samuel A.; Elmore, Monte R.; Sell, Rachel L.; Silvers, Kurt L.; Gano, Susan R.; Thornton, Brenda M.
Undulator Beam Pipe Magnetic Shielding Effect Tests
The proposed stainless steel beampipe for the LCLS undulator has a measurable shielding effect on the magnetic field of the LCLS undulators. This note describes the tests used to determine the magnitude of the shielding effect, as well as deviations in the shielding effect caused by placing different phase shims in the undulator gap. The effect of the proposed Steel strongback which will be used to support the beam pipe, was also studied. A hall probe on a 3 axis movement system was set up to measure the main component of the magnetic field in the Prototype Undulator. To account for temperature variations of the magnetic field of the undulator for successive tests, a correction is applied which is described in this technical note. Using this method, we found the shielding effect, the amount which the field inside the gap was reduced due to the placement of the beampipe, to be {approx}10 Gauss. A series of tests was also performed to determine the effect of phase shims and X and Y correction shims on the shielding. The largest effect on shielding was found for the .3 mm phase shims. The effect of the .3 mm phase shims was to increase the shielding effect {approx}4 Gauss. The tolerance for the shielding effect of the phase shims is less than 1 gauss. The effect of the strongback was seen in its permanent magnetic field. It introduced a dipole field across the measured section of the undulator of {approx}3 gauss. This note documents the tests performed to determine these effects, as well as the results of those tests.
Fisher, Andrew; Wolf, Zachary; /SLAC; ,
Optical Kerr-effect measurement for a series of alcohols
Nanosecond optical Kerr-effect (OKE) measurements are reported using a modified apparatus, designed to enable rapid and precise data recording in pure liquids. Careful design of the apparatus enables measurements to be made at several inducing wavelengths without substantial apparatus modifications. The first measurement of the optical Kerr effect for benzene at an inducing wavelength of 532 nm is presented together with novel OKE data for the hitherto unstudied homologous alcohol series from methanol to 1-dodecanol. Analysis of the results indicates for this series the existence of a linear relationship between the carbon chain length and the optically induced Kerr constant somewhat similar to the behavior previously observed in the n-alkanes.
Harrison, Neil J.; Jennings, Barry R.
A test for second order stationarity of a time series based on the Discrete Fourier Transform -Technical report
A test for second order stationarity of a time series based on the Discrete Fourier Transform stationary. Exploiting this important property, we construct a Portmanteau type test statistic for testing stationarity of the time series. It is shown that under the null of stationarity, the test statistic has
Test-retest reliability and feature selection in physiological time series classification.
Feature test-retest reliability is proposed as a useful criterion for the selection/exclusion of features in time series classification tasks. Three sets of physiological time series are examined, EEG and ECG recordings together with measurements of neck movement. Comparisons of reliability estimates from test-retest studies with measures of feature importance from classification tasks suggest that low reliability can be used to exclude irrelevant features prior to classifier training. By removing features with low reliability an unnecessary degradation of the classifier accuracy may be avoided. PMID:20864206
Gudmundsson, Steinn; Runarsson, Thomas Philip; Sigurdsson, Sven
Performance Evaluation and Quality Assurance Management during the Series Power Tests of LHC Main Lattice Magnets
Within the LHC magnet program a series production of superconducting dipoles and quadrupoles has recently been completed in industry and all magnets were cold tested at CERN. The main features of these magnets are: two-in-one structure, 56 mm aperture, two layer coils wound from 15.1 mm wide Nb-Ti cables, and all-polyimide insulation. This paper reviews the process of the power test quality assurance and performance evaluation, which was applied during the LHC magnet series tests. The main test results of magnets tested in both supercritical and superfluid helium, including the quench training, the conductor performance, the magnet protection efficiency and the electrical integrity are presented and discussed in terms of the design parameters and the requirements of the LHC project.
Siemko, A
Testing for density dependence allowing for weather effects
A test for density dependence in time-series data allowing for weather effects is presented. The test is based on a discrete\\u000a time autoregressive model for changes in population density with a covariate for the effects of weather. The distribution\\u000a of the test statistic on the null hypothesis of density independence is obtained by parametric bootstrapping. A computer simulation\\u000a exercise is
Peter Rothery; Ian Newton; Lois Dale; Tomasz Wesolowski
Empirical Fokker-Planck-based test of stationarity for time series.
We propose a test of stationarity based on the drift coefficients of the Langevin type and the associated Fokker-Planck equations. The test relies on the estimation of the drift coefficients of the underlying probability densities and posits that a time series is nonstationary if the estimated drift term is a nonlinear function of the random variable of the observed time series and the Markov property holds. We provide ample empirical evidence that demonstrates that well- known stationary systems give rise to linear estimates of the drift coefficients, whereas nonstationary time series exhibit nonlinear estimates of the drift term. This does not, indeed, imply that a nonlinear drift term in the Fokker-Planck equation of a dynamic stochastic process causes nonstationarity. PMID:25019851
Erkal, Cahit; Cecen, Aydin A
Empirical Fokker-Planck-based test of stationarity for time series
We propose a test of stationarity based on the drift coefficients of the Langevin type and the associated Fokker-Planck equations. The test relies on the estimation of the drift coefficients of the underlying probability densities and posits that a time series is nonstationary if the estimated drift term is a nonlinear function of the random variable of the observed time series and the Markov property holds. We provide ample empirical evidence that demonstrates that well- known stationary systems give rise to linear estimates of the drift coefficients, whereas nonstationary time series exhibit nonlinear estimates of the drift term. This does not, indeed, imply that a nonlinear drift term in the Fokker-Planck equation of a dynamic stochastic process causes nonstationarity.
Erkal, Cahit; Cecen, Aydin A.
This report describes the activities performed by DOD personnel, both civilian and military, at SHOT SIMON, the seventh nuclear test in the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE atmospheric nuclear weapons testing series. SIMON had an expected yield of 35 kilotons, but its actual yield was 43 kilotons. The test was conducted on 25 April 1953 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock V, AFSWP, AFSWC, and the AEC test groups. The tactical Troop Maneuver involved about 2,450 Army personnel. The Volunteer Observer Program had eight participants: seven from the Army and one from the Navy.
Massie, J.; Maag, C.; Rohrer, S.; Shepanek, R.
Test results on direct containment heating by high-pressure melt ejection into the Surtsey vessel: The TDS test series
The Technology Development and Scoping (TDS) test series was conducted to test and develop instrumentation and procedures for performing steam-driven, high-pressure melt ejection (HPME) experiments at the Surtsey Test Facility to investigate direct containment heating (DCH). Seven experiments, designated TDS-1 through TDS-7, were performed in this test series. These experiments were conducted using similar initial conditions; the primary variable was the initial pressure in the Surtsey vessel. All experiments in this test series were performed with a steam driving gas pressure of {approx_equal} 4 MPa, 80 kg of lumina/iron/chromium thermite melt simulant, an initial hole diameter of 4.8 cm (which ablated to a final hole diameter of {approx_equal} 6 cm), and a 1/10th linear scale model of the Surry reactor cavity. The Surtsey vessel was purged with argon (<0.25 mol% O{sub 2}) to limit the recombination of hydrogen and oxygen, and gas grab samples were taken to measure the amount of hydrogen produced.
Allen, M.D.; Blanchat, T.K.; Pilch, M.M. [Sandia National Lab., Albuquerque, NM (United States). Severe Accident Phenomenology
VISAR Validation Test Series at the Light Initiated High Explosive (LIHE) facility
A velocity interferometer system for any reflector (VISAR) was recently deployed at the light initiated high explosive facility (LIHE) to measure the velocity of an explosively accelerated flyer plate. The velocity data from the flyer plate experiments, using the vendor's fringe constant of 100m\\/s\\/fringe, were consistently lower than model predictions. The goal of the VISAR validation test series was to
Covert; Timothy Todd
An Omnibus Test to Detect Time-Heterogeneity in Time Series
An Omnibus Test to Detect Time-Heterogeneity in Time Series Dominique Guégan1 Philippe de Peretti2-varying moments, iv) probability-driven breaks, v) GARCH or Stochas- tic Volatility Models for the variance. Our-dependency and time-heterogeneity. Running simulations, our procedure appears to be quite powerful. To some extent
Boyer, Edmond
Shots ENCORE to CLIMAX, the final four tests of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series, 8 May - 4 June 1953. Technical report
This report describes the activities of DOD personnel, both civilian and military, in Shots ENCORE, HARRY, GRABLE,, and CLIMAX, the final four shots of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE atmospheric nuclear weapons tests series conducted between 8 May and 4 June 1953. These tests involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock V, AFSWP, AFSWC, AEC nuclear weapons design laboratories, and the Civil Effects Group.
Hospital waste shredder test series at the DONLEE Pilot Test Facility. Final report
This report describes the coal firing and coal and noninfectious hospital waste co-firing testing and emissions rates for the tests conducted at the DONLEE pilot plant facility during mid-December 1991 through early March 1992. The emissions obtained during these tests are in turn used to predict the emission rates for the proof-of-concept facility that is to be built at the Lebanon Veterans Affairs Medical Center. In addition, the reliability and performance of the waste shredding/feeding system were evaluated from this testing.
Not Available
Hospital waste shredder test series at the DONLEE Pilot Test Facility
Effects of weather and climate on the dynamics of animal population time series.
Weather is one of the most basic factors impacting animal populations, but the typical strength of such impacts on population dynamics is unknown. We incorporate weather and climate index data into analysis of 492 time series of mammals, birds and insects from the global population dynamics database. A conundrum is that a multitude of weather data may a priori be considered potentially important and hence present a risk of statistical over-fitting. We find that model selection or averaging alone could spuriously indicate that weather provides strong improvements to short-term population prediction accuracy. However, a block randomization test reveals that most improvements result from over-fitting. Weather and climate variables do, in general, improve predictions, but improvements were barely detectable despite the large number of datasets considered. Climate indices such as North Atlantic Oscillation are not better predictors of population change than local weather variables. Insect time series are typically less predictable than bird or mammal time series, although all taxonomic classes display low predictability. Our results are in line with the view that population dynamics is often too complex to allow resolving mechanisms from time series, but we argue that time series analysis can still be useful for estimating net environmental effects. PMID:20880886
Knape, Jonas; de Valpine, Perry
Estimating damping effectiveness of BPA's thyristor controlled series capacitor by applying time and frequency domain methods to measured response
Recently, a 500 kV thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) was installed in the Bonneville Power Administration system in the Northwestern United States. Extensive field testing has included modulation experiments to determine the effect of the TCSC on low-frequency oscillations. This paper discusses modulation procedures, analysis methods, and results for estimating the damping effectiveness of the TCSC. Modulation methods include driving
D. J. Trudnowski; M. K. Donnelly; J. F. Hauer
Volume 6 Issue 1 www.nasa.gov/centers/stennis January 2011 Stennis completes initial AJ26 test series
series NASA conducted a test fire Dec. 17 (shown above) of the liquid-fuel AJ26 en- gine that will power of Orbital, Aerojet, and Stennis engineers, with Stennis employees serving as test conductors. The 55-second
ENRAF Series 854 Advanced Technology Gauge (ATG) with SPU II card for Leak Detector Use Acceptance Test Procedure
The following Acceptance Test Procedure was written to test the ENRAF series 854 ATG with SPU II card prior to installation in the Tank Farms. The procedure sets various parameters and verifies the gauge and alarms functionality.
Automatic time series modeling,intervention analysis, and effective forecasting
The purpose of this study is to investigate the forecasting efficiency of an expert system, an automatic time series modeling system, when applied to a quarterly earnings per share series. The Bethlehem steel quarterly earnings series has a severe outlier problem and the intervention analysis which specifically models the outlier may enhance forecasting efficiency.The purpose of this study is to
John B. Guerard Jr
A test for second order stationarity of a time series based on the Discrete Fourier Transform (Technical Report)
A test for second order stationarity of a time series based on the Discrete Fourier Transform Fourier transform at the canonical frequencies. It is well known that the discrete Fourier transform. Keywords and phrases Discrete Fourier Transform, linear time series, local stationarity, Portmanteau test
Model tests with a systematic series of 27 wing sections at full Reynolds number
A systematic series of 27 wing sections, characterized by a small travel of the center or pressure, have been investigated at 20 atmospheres pressure in the variable density wind tunnel of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. The results are consistent with each other, and indicate that for such "stable" sections a small effective camber, a small effective S-shape and a thickness of 8 to 12 per cent lead to good aerodynamic properties.
Munk, Max M; Miller, Elton W
Beta/gamma test problems for ITS. [Integrated Tiger Series (ITS)
The Integrated Tiger Series of Coupled Electron/Photon Monte Carlo Transport Codes (ITS 3.0, PC Version) was used at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) to compare with and extend the experimental findings of the beta/gamma response of selected health physics instruments. In order to assure that ITS gives correct results, several beta/gamma problems have been tested. ITS was used to simulate these problems numerically, and results for each were compared to the problem's experimental or analytical results. ITS successfully predicted the experimental or analytical results of all tested problems within the statistical uncertainty inherent in the Monte Carlo method.
Mei, G.T.
Foot eczema: the role of patch test in determining the causative agent using standard series.
Foot dermatitis refers to the predominant involvement of feet in the eczematous process. This study is undertaken to determine the clinical pattern and causative agent in foot eczema and to evaluate the role of patch testing in determining the causative agent of foot eczema. Data was collected from 50 patients with foot eczema, who attended the out-patient department. The patch test was performed using Indian standard series. Patch test was positive in 88% of the patients. The most common site affected was the dorsal aspect of the foot (48%) and scaly plaque was the predominant morphological pattern. The highest number of patients (24%) showed positive reactions to mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) and the lowest (4%) to neomycin sulfate. Rubber and rubber chemicals have been reported worldwide to be the most common sensitizer causing foot eczema. Thus, patch test has a major role in finding out the cause of foot eczema. PMID:19881990
Priya, K S; Kamath, Ganesh; Martis, Jacintha; D, Sukumar; Shetty, Narendra J; Bhat, Ramesh M; Kishore, B Nanda
Monument-antenna effects on GPS coordinate time series with application to vertical rates in Antarctica
We examine the electromagnetic coupling of a GPS antenna-monument pair in terms of its simulated affect on long GPS coordinate time series. We focus on the Earth and Polar Observing System (POLENET) monument design widely deployed in Antarctica and Greenland in projects interested particularly in vertical velocities. We base our tests on an absolute robot calibration that included the top ~0.15 m of the monument and use simulations to assess its effect on site coordinate time series at eight representative POLENET sites in Antarctica over the period 2000.0-2011.0. We show that the neglect of this calibration would introduce mean coordinate bias, and most importantly for velocity estimation, coordinate noise which is highly sensitive to observation geometry and hence site location and observation period. Considering only sub-periods longer than 2.5 years, we show vertical site velocities may be biased by up to ±0.4 mm/year, and biases up to 0.2 mm/year may persist for observation spans of 8 years. Changing between uniform and elevation-dependent observation weighting alters the time series but does not remove the velocity biases, nor does ambiguity fixing. The effect on the horizontal coordinates is negligible. The ambiguities fixed series spectra show noise between flicker and random walk with near-white noise at the highest frequencies, with mean spectral indices (frequencies <20 cycles per year) of approximately -1.3 (uniform weighting) and -1.4 (elevation-dependent weighting). While the results are likely highly monument specific, they highlight the importance of accounting for monument effects when analysing vertical coordinate time series and velocities for the highest precision and accuracy geophysical studies.
King, Matt A.; Bevis, Michael; Wilson, Terry; Johns, Bjorn; Blume, Frederick
The Effects of Test Anxiety on Listening Test Performance
Although decisions or inferences we make based on test scores depend both on characteristics of test-takers and of testing situations, little research has been undertaken on the effects of these characteristics on test performance (e.g., Alderson and Banerjee, 2002). This study focuses on one of the personal characteristics of test-takers, namely…
In'nami, Yo.
1. Tensile test 2. Fatigue Test (Cyclic strain effects)
METHODS 1. Tensile test 2. Fatigue Test (Cyclic strain effects) 3. Fatigue Test (Mean stress% Ag 1x7 316LVM MP35N Silver · Cables are tested in cyclic fatigue via bending over a mandrel (R = -1). · Mandrel radius controls stress and strain experienced by wires. Flex tester used for cyclic fatigue tests
Rollins, Andrew M.
The Effect of Test Item Familiarization on Achievement Test Scores.
Studied the effects of overlapping some test items across consecutive test levels by using overlapping and nonoverlapping items with 834 prematched and 782 matched elementary school students and focusing on whether there is an effect on achievement test scores due to item familiarization. No effects were detected. (SLD)
Bishop, N. Scott; Frisbie, David A.
Immediate versus sustained effects: interrupted time series analysis of a tailored intervention
Background Detailed intervention descriptions and robust evaluations that test intervention impact—and explore reasons for impact—are an essential part of progressing implementation science. Time series designs enable the impact and sustainability of intervention effects to be tested. When combined with time series designs, qualitative methods can provide insight into intervention effectiveness and help identify areas for improvement for future interventions. This paper describes the development, delivery, and evaluation of a tailored intervention designed to increase primary health care professionals' adoption of a national recommendation that women with mild to moderate postnatal depression (PND) are referred for psychological therapy as a first stage treatment. Methods Three factors influencing referral for psychological treatment were targeted using three related intervention components: a tailored educational meeting, a tailored educational leaflet, and changes to an electronic system data template used by health professionals during consultations for PND. Evaluation comprised time series analysis of monthly audit data on percentage referral rates and monthly first prescription rates for anti-depressants. Interviews were conducted with a sample of health professionals to explore their perceptions of the intervention components and to identify possible factors influencing intervention effectiveness. Results The intervention was associated with a significant, immediate, positive effect upon percentage referral rates for psychological treatments. This effect was not sustained over the ten month follow-on period. Monthly rates of anti-depressant prescriptions remained consistently high after the intervention. Qualitative interview findings suggest key messages received from the intervention concerned what appropriate antidepressant prescribing is, suggesting this to underlie the lack of impact upon prescribing rates. However, an understanding that psychological treatment can have long-term benefits was also cited. Barriers to referral identified before intervention were cited again after the intervention, suggesting the intervention had not successfully tackled the barriers targeted. Conclusion A time series design allowed the initial and sustained impact of our intervention to be tested. Combined with qualitative interviews, this provided insight into intervention effectiveness. Future research should test factors influencing intervention sustainability, and promote adoption of the targeted behavior and dis-adoption of competing behaviors where appropriate. PMID:24188718
Self-controlled case series method with smooth age effect.
The self-controlled case series method, commonly used to investigate potential associations between vaccines and adverse events, requires information on cases only and automatically controls all age-independent multiplicative confounders while allowing for an age-dependent baseline incidence. In the parametric version of the method, we modelled the age-specific relative incidence by using a piecewise constant function, whereas in the semiparametric version, we left it unspecified. However, mis-specification of age groups in the parametric version can lead to biassed estimates of exposure effect, and the semiparametric approach runs into computational problems when the number of cases in the study is moderately large. We, thus, propose to use a penalized likelihood approach where the age effect is modelled using splines. We use a linear combination of cubic M-splines to approximate the age-specific relative incidence and integrated splines for the cumulative relative incidence. We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the performance of the new approach and its efficiency relative to the parametric and semiparametric approaches. Results show that the new approach performs equivalently to the existing methods when the sample size is small and works well for large data sets. We applied the new spline-based approach to data on febrile convulsions and paediatric vaccines. Co PMID:24038284
Ghebremichael-Weldeselassie, Yonas; Whitaker, Heather J; Farrington, C Paddy
TRAC (transient reactor analysis code) analyses of the Savannah River 1985 L-area test series
Thermal-hydraulic analyses of the Savannah River (SR) 1985 L-area AC-process flow tests were performed to benchmark the Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) transient reactor analysis code (TRAC) and the TRAC system model of the SR reactors. These analyses are part of LANL's independent safety analysis of the SR reactors. The AC-process flow test series consisted of 11 separate steady-state unpowered tests conducted in the L reactor itself. The tests were performed to provide detailed flow and pressure data for system model benchmarks. The 11 steady-state tests utilized a variety of pump and valve configurations as well as two coolant temperatures. During the tests, pressure data were collected at four locations around each of the six external heat transport loops, at the moderator tank bottom, and at an array of locations in the upper plenum. The 1985 L-Area AC process flow benchmarks demonstrate that TRAC PF1/MOD2-HWR and the Savannah River plant model provide results that are consistent with the available data. In each of the six external loops, the calculated and measured pressures and flows are in reasonable agreement. In the upper plenum, the TRAC results provide an excellent representation of radial and azimuthal variations in pressure.
Elson, J.S.; Lime, J.F. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA))
A test of uranium-series dating of fossil tooth enamel: results from Tournal Cave, France
USGS Publications Warehouse
A series of well preserved mammal bones and horse teeth was analyzed from archaeological levels of Tournal Cave (Magdalenian, Aurignacian, and Mousterain) to test the hypothesis that well-crystallized enamel behaves more as a closed system than does whole bone. The isotopic composition of bones and tooth enamels from this deposit meet criteria for confidence, and gave no reasons to suspect contamination or open-system behavior. Two samples for which 231Pa could be analyzed showed internal concordance with the respective 230Th ages. In spite of the favourable isotopic criteria, however, comparison of the U-series ages of the bones and the tooth enamel with stratigraphic position and 14C control indicated the dates were not meaningful. In general, both bones and tooth enamels gave ages too young, although some were clearly too old. Neither group showed any systematic increase of age with stratigraphic depth. Tooth enamel, therefore, shows no advantage over bone for U-series dating for this site. In Tournal cave both bones and enamel are apparently open to U, which is probably cycling as a consequences of post-depositional groundwater movement. ?? 1988.
Bischoff, J. L.; Rosenbauer, R. J.; Tavoso, A.; de Lumley, H.
Continuous Time-Frequency Transform for Unevenly Sampled Time Series and Significance Testing
Spectral analysis is a common approach for the interpretation of climate time series. In particular, the continuous wavelet transform and the Gabor transform are generally well-suited for non-stationary, multi-periodic and highly noisy data. The purpose of this contribution is to propose a rigorous framework to estimate the significance of wavelet spectra given unevenly sampled data. To this end, we expand the theory developed by G. Foster [1], originally targeted for astronomical data, as follows: (i) Define the model: Significance testing is always based on a model, that needs to be properly defined. (ii) Define the parametric hypotheses H0 (null case) and H1 (alternative case), and attempt to find an appropriate statistical summary. The idea is to obtain a well-known distribution under H0, allowing an analytical approach and avoiding most of Monte-Carlo simulations which can be expensive in time. We also discuss the choice to be done for the analysis function of the time-frequency transform. Indeed, Morlet wavelet is often chosen, but it is not always the best option. Some examples of paleoclimate time series analysis will be given. Finally, we investigate whether considering the interpolated data to get a constant time step and using the traditional tools may lead to significant errors. Reference: [1] G. Foster. Wavelets for period analysis of unevenly sampled time series. The Astronomical Journal, 112(4):1709-1729, 1996.
Lenoir, Guillaume; Crucifix, Michel
Time-series intervention analysis of pedestrian countdown timer effects.
Pedestrians account for 40-50% of traffic fatalities in large cities. Several previous studies based on relatively small samples have concluded that Pedestrian Countdown Timers (PCT) may reduce pedestrian crashes at signalized intersections, but other studies report no reduction. The purposes of the present article are to (1) describe a new methodology to evaluate the effectiveness of introducing PCT signals and (2) to present results of applying this methodology to pedestrian crash data collected in a large study carried out in Detroit, Michigan. The study design incorporated within-unit as well as between-unit components. The main focus was on dynamic effects that occurred within the PCT unit of 362 treated sites during the 120 months of the study. An interrupted time-series analysis was developed to evaluate whether change in crash frequency depended upon of the degree to which the countdown timers penetrated the treatment unit. The between-unit component involved comparisons between the treatment unit and a control unit. The overall conclusion is that the introduction of PCT signals in Detroit reduced pedestrian crashes to approximately one-third of the preintervention level. The evidence for this reductionis strong and the change over time was shown to be a function of the extent to which the timers were introduced during the intervention period. There was no general drop-off in crash frequency throughout the baseline interval of over five years; only when the PCT signals were introduced in large numbers was consistent and convincing crash reduction observed. Correspondingly, there was little evidence of change in the control unit. PMID:25003967
Huitema, Bradley E; Van Houten, Ron; Manal, Hana
Fabrication and test of LARP technological quadrupole models of TQC series
In support of the development of a large-aperture Nb3Sn superconducting quadrupole for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) luminosity upgrade, several two-layer technological quadrupole models of TQC series with 90 mm aperture and collar-based mechanical structure have been developed at Fermilab in collaboration with LBNL. This paper summarizes the results of fabrication and test of TQC02a, the second TQC model based on RRP Nb3Sn strand, and TQC02b, built with both MJR and RRP strand. The test results presented include magnet strain and quench performance during training, as well as quench studies of current ramp rate and temperature dependence from 1.9K to 4.5K.
Bossert, R.C.; Ambrosio, G.; Andreev, N.; Barzi, E.; Chlachidze, G.; Feher, S.; Kashikhin, V.S.; Kashikhin, V.V.; Lamm, M.; Nobrega, A.; Novitski, I.; /Fermilab /LBL, Berkeley /Brookhaven
Fuel performance improvement program: description and characterization of HBWR Series H-2, H-3, and H-4 test rods
The fabrication process and as-built characteristics of the HBWR Series H-2 and H-3 test rods, as well as the three packed-particle (sphere-pac) rods in HBWR Series H-4 are described. The HBWR Series H-2, H-3, and H-4 tests are part of the irradiation test program of the Fuel Performance Improvement Program. Fifteen rods were fabricated for the three test series. Rod designs include: (1) a reference dished pellet design incorporating chamfered edges, (2) a chamfered, annular pellet design combined with graphite-coated cladding, and (3) a sphere-pac design. Both the annular-coated and sphere-pac designs include internal pressurization using helium.
Guenther, R.J.; Barner, J.O.; Welty, R.K.
Theoretical approach for plasma series resonance effect in geometrically symmetric dual radio frequency plasma
Plasma series resonance (PSR) effect is well known in geometrically asymmetric capacitively couple radio frequency plasma. However, plasma series resonance effect in geometrically symmetric plasma has not been properly investigated. In this work, a theoretical approach is made to investigate the plasma series resonance effect and its influence on Ohmic and stochastic heating in geometrically symmetric discharge. Electrical asymmetry effect by means of dual frequency voltage waveform is applied to excite the plasma series resonance. The results show considerable variation in heating with phase difference between the voltage waveforms, which may be applicable in controlling the plasma parameters in such plasma.
Bora, B.; Bhuyan, H.; Favre, M.; Wyndham, E.; Chuaqui, H. [Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Departamento de Fisica, Casilla 306, Santiago 22 (Chile)
Power of the Mann–Kendall and Spearman's rho tests for detecting monotonic trends in hydrological series
In many hydrological studies, two non-parametric rank-based statistical tests, namely the Mann–Kendall test and Spearman's rho test are used for detecting monotonic trends in time series data. However, the power of these tests has not been well documented. This study investigates the power of the tests by Monte Carlo simulation. Simulation results indicate that their power depends on the pre-assigned
Sheng Yue; Paul Pilon; George Cavadias
Evaluation of a series hybrid thrust bearing at DN values to three million. 2: Fabrication and testing
Results of tests made to determine the experimental performance of a series hybrid bearing are reported. The bearing consists of a 150 mm ball bearing and a centrifugally actuated, conical, fluid film bearing fitting an envelope with an outer radius of 86.4 mm (3.4 in.) and inner radius of 71 mm (2.8 in.). Tests were conducted up to 16,500 rpm, at which speed an axial load of 15,568 N (3500 lb) was safely supported by the hybrid bearing system. Through the employment of the series hybrid bearing principle, it was possible to reduce the effective ball bearing speed to approximately one-half of the shaft speed. A reduction of this magnitude should result in a tenfold increase in the ball bearing fatigue life. A successful simulation of fluid film bearing lubricant supply failure, performed repeatedly at an operating speed of 10,000 rpm, resulted in complete and smooth change over to full scale ball bearing operation when the oil supply to the fluid film bearing was discontinued. Reactivation of the fluid film supply system produced a flawless return to the original mode of hybrid operation.
Eusepi, M.; Winn, L. W.
Systematic Two-Dimensional Cascade Tests of NACA 65-Series Compressor Blades at Low Speeds
The performance of NACA 65-series compressor blade section in cascade has been investigated systematically in a low-speed cascade tunnel. Porous test-section side walls and for high-pressure-rise conditions, porous flexible end walls were employed to establish conditions closely simulating two-dimensional flow. Blade sections of design lift coefficients from 0 to 2.7 were tested over the usable angle-of-attack range for various combinations of inlet-flow angle. A sufficient number of combinations were tested to permit interpolation and extrapolation of the data to all conditions within the usual range of application. The results of this investigation indicate a continuous variation of blade-section performance as the major cascade parameters, blade camber, inlet angle, and solidity were varied over the test range. Summary curves of the results have been prepared to enable compressor designers to select the proper blade camber and angle of attack when the compressor velocity diagram and desired solidity have been determined.
Emery, James C; Herrig, L Joseph; Erwin, John R; Felix, A Richard
Primin in the European standard patch test series for 20 years.
Primin was included in the European standard series (ESS) in 1984. In 2000, a primin-free variant of Primula obconica, the main source of contact allergy to primin, was introduced in the market. The aim of this study was to analyse the trends of primin allergy in 13 986 consecutively patch-tested eczema patients over a 20-year period from 1985 to 2004. 151 patients gave a positive patch test to primin. The majority were women, in two-third of patients the patch test was relevant and most presented with hand eczema. Only few of the cases (4.7%) were occupational. A significant decline of contact allergy to primin was seen (P < 0.001) over the years affecting all age groups. The frequency was 0.5% during 2000-2004. Contact allergy has been rare since 2000. The low frequency of positive patch test to primin does not support inclusion in the ESS in our region. PMID:17577376
Zachariae, Claus; Engkilde, Kĺre; Johansen, Jeanne Duus; Menné, Torkil
Economic downturns and male cesarean deliveries: a time-series test of the economic stress hypothesis
Background In light of the recent Great Recession, increasing attention has focused on the health consequences of economic downturns. The perinatal literature does not converge on whether ambient economic declines threaten the health of cohorts in gestation. We set out to test the economic stress hypothesis that the monthly count of cesarean deliveries (CD), which may gauge the level of fetal distress in a population, rises after the economy declines. We focus on male CD since the literature reports that male more than female fetuses appear sensitive to stressors in utero. Methods We tested our ecological hypothesis in California for 228 months from January 1989 to December 2007, the most recent data available to us at the time of our tests. We used as the independent variable the Bureau of Labor Statistics unadjusted total state employment series. Time-series methods controlled for patterns of male CD over time. We also adjusted for the monthly count of female CD, which controls for well-characterized factors (e.g., medical-legal environment, changing risk profile of births) that affect CD but are shared across infant sex. Results Findings support the economic stress hypothesis in that male CD increases above its expected value one month after employment declines (employment coefficient?=?-24.09, standard error?=?11.88, p?=?.04). Additional exploratory analyses at the metropolitan level indicate that findings in Los Angeles and Orange Counties appear to drive the State-level relation. Conclusions Contracting economies may perturb the health of male more than female fetuses sufficiently enough to warrant more CD. Male relative to female CD may sensitively gauge the cohort health of gestations. PMID:24906208
Synchronized stress-PALS test on a series of polyester copolymer glasses
Previous work in our group suggests that, in craze nucleation, only when a nanovoid grows to a critical size can it serve as a nucleus for stable craze growth. However, what factors influence this nanovoid growth process remains unclear. A new technique, synchronized stress-PALS test, has been established to study the change in size and intensity of nanovoids when polymer glasses are under stress. A series of glassy copolymers based on poly (ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly (1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate) (PCT) were investigated by synchronized stress-PALS at different stress levels. The results suggest that both stress level and chain mobility of the polymers influence nanovoid growth. Based on these experimental results, a craze nucleation model has been proposed. This model, based on thermodynamic and kinetic analysis, show that the craze nucleation process is determined by the modulus, surface energy and chain mobility of polymer glasses.
Li, Lei; Yee, Albert F.
Soot properties and species measurements in a two-meter diameter JP-8 pool fire : 2003 test series.
A tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy probe was used to measure in situ soot properties and species concentrations in a two-meter diameter JP-8 pool fire. Thirty-five tests were performed at the Lurance Canyon Burn Site operated by Sandia in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The axial profile of the fire was characterized with a series of tests with the probe located on the centerline at heights ranging from 0.5 m to 2.0 m in 0.25 m increments. The radial profile of the fire was characterized with a series of tests with the probe 1.0 m above the fuel surface at radial positions ranging from 0.0 m to 0.6 m, in 0.1 m increments. Experiments were also performed with variation of the air flow into the facility. Soot concentration was determined using a light extinction measurement based on the transmission of a solid-state red laser (635 nm) through the 3.7 cm long probe volume. Soot temperature and a second estimate of soot concentration were measured using two-color optical pyrometry at 850 nm and 1000 nm. The effective data rate for these measurements was 10 kHz. Finally, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy was used to estimate the concentrations of water vapor, acetylene, and methane. The results presented include the statistics, probability density functions, and spectral density functions of soot concentration, soot temperature, and approximate species concentrations at the different measurement locations throughout the fire.
Shaddix, Christopher R.; Murphy, Jeffrey J.
Numerical Analysis of Relaxation Test Based on Prony Series Material Model
\\u000a In performing an experimental analysis it is always important to take into account different parameters influencing the results.\\u000a Boundary conditions in addition to the specimen size in case of nonlinear materials could be even more effective. Hence, a\\u000a full analysis of these parameters before doing any test on the real material seems necessary. In this paper, these effects\\u000a are numerically
Mahdi Mottahedi; Alexandru Dadalau; Alexander Hafla; Alexander Verl
Health maintenance facility system effectiveness testing
The Medical Simulations Working Group conducted a series of medical simulations to evaluate the proposed Health Maintenance Facility (HMF) Preliminary Design Review (PDR) configuration. The goal of these simulations was to test the system effectiveness of the HMF PDR configurations. The objectives of the medical simulations are to (1) ensure fulfillment of requirements with this HMF design, (2) demonstrate the conformance of the system to human engineering design criteria, and (3) determine whether undesirable design or procedural features were introduced into the design. The simulations consisted of performing 6 different medical scenarios with the HMF mockup in the KRUG laboratory. The scenarios included representative medical procedures and used a broad spectrum of HMF equipment and supplies. Scripts were written and simulations performed by medical simulations working group members under observation from others. Data were collected by means of questionnaires, debriefings, and videotapes. Results were extracted and listed in the individual reports. Specific issues and recommendations from each simulation were compiled into the individual reports. General issues regarding the PDR design of the HMF are outlined in the summary report.
Lloyd, Charles W.; Gosbee, John; Bueker, Richard; Kupra, Debra; Ruta, Mary
RESEARCH REPORTS Paradoxical Effects of Testing
RESEARCH REPORTS Paradoxical Effects of Testing: Retrieval Enhances Both Accurate Recall (RES). Here, we sought to test the generality of RES and to further elucidate its underlying mechanisms even when proactive interference played a minimal role. Keywords: testing effect, eyewitness memory
Chan, Jason C.K.
Investigations of the software testing coupling effect
Fault-based testing strategies test software by focusing on specific, common types of faults. The coupling effect hypothesizes that test data sets that detect simple types of faults are sensitive enough to detect more complex types of faults. This paper describes empirical investigations into the coupling effect over a specific class of software faults. All of the results from this investigation
A. Jefferson Offutt
Comparing the Effectiveness of Software Testing Strategies
This study applies an experimentation methodology to compare three state-of-the-practice software testing techniques: a) code reading by stepwise abstraction, b) functional testing using equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis, and c) structural testing using 100 percent statement coverage criteria. The study compares the strategies in three aspects of software testing: fault detection effectiveness, fault detection cost, and classes of faults
Victor R. Basili; Richard W. Selby
Patch test standard series recommended by the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Study Group during the 2006-2011 period*
A retrospective study was carried out between 2006-2011. Six hundred and eighteen patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis underwent the standard patch test series recommended by the Brazilian Contact Dermatitis Research Group. The aim of our study was to evaluate the variation of positive patch-test results from standard series year by year. The most frequently positive allergens were: nickel sulfate, thimerosal and potassium bichromate. Decrease of positive patch-test results over the years was statistically significant for: lanolin (p=0.01), neomycin (p=0.01) and anthraquinone (p=0.04). A follow-up study should be useful in determining which allergens could be excluded from standard series, as they may represent low sensitization risk. PMID:24474122
Duarte, Ida Alzira Gomes; Tanaka, Greta Merie; Suzuki, Nathalie Mie; Lazzarini, Rosana; Lopes, Andressa Sato de Aquino; Volpini, Beatrice Mussio Fornazier; de Castro, Paulo Carrara
Series compensated power system may lead to a very unusual problem known as Subsynchronous Resonance (SSR) which adversely affects the system stability and under certain operating conditions may result in fatigue breakdown of the turbine- generator shafts. The paper investigates the effects of d-axis and q-axis amortisseur winding parameters on the subsynchronous resonance stability zones in the series compensated power
M. Chetty
Metabolic and Subjective Results Review of the Integrated Suit Test Series
Crewmembers will perform a variety of exploration and construction activities on the lunar surface. These activities will be performed while inside an extravehicular activity (EVA) spacesuit. In most cases, human performance is compromised while inside an EVA suit as compared to a crewmember s unsuited performance baseline. Subjects completed different EVA type tasks, ranging from ambulation to geology and construction activities, in different lunar analog environments including overhead suspension, underwater and 1-g lunar-like terrain, in both suited and unsuited conditions. In the suited condition, the Mark III (MKIII) EVA technology demonstrator suit was used and suit pressure and suit weight were parameters tested. In the unsuited conditions, weight, mass, center of gravity (CG), terrain type and navigation were the parameters. To the extent possible, one parameter was varied while all others were held constant. Tests were not fully crossed, but rather one parameter was varied while all others were left in the most nominal setting. Oxygen consumption (VO2), modified Cooper-Harper (CH) ratings of operator compensation and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured for each trial. For each variable, a lower value correlates to more efficient task performance. Due to a low sample size, statistical significance was not attainable. Initial findings indicate that suit weight, CG and the operational environment can have a large impact on human performance during EVA. Systematic, prospective testing series such as those performed to date will enable a better understanding of the crucial interactions of the human and the EVA suit system and their environment. However, work remains to be done to confirm these findings. These data have been collected using only unsuited subjects and one EVA suit prototype that is known to fit poorly on a large demographic of the astronaut population. Key findings need to be retested using an EVA suit prototype better suited to a larger anthropometric portion of the astronaut population, and elements tested only in the unsuited condition need to be evaluated with an EVA suit and appropriate analog environment.
Norcross, J.R.; Stroud, L.C.; Klein, J.; Desantis, L.; Gernhardt, M.L.
Test report for single event effects of the 80386DX microprocessor
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory Section 514 Single Event Effects (SEE) Testing and Analysis Group has performed a series of SEE tests of certain strategic registers of Intel's 80386DX CHMOS 4 microprocessor. Following a summary of the test techniques and hardware used to gather the data, we present the SEE heavy ion and proton test results. We also describe the registers tested, along with a system impact analysis should these registers experience a single event upset.
Watson, R. Kevin; Schwartz, Harvey R.; Nichols, Donald K.
Detection of Undocumented Changepoints Using Multiple Test Statistics and Composite Reference Series
undocumented, artificial changepoint detection skill in climate series. The use of successive hypothesis. 1. Introduction Climatic time series that are free of artificial change- points are indispensable only by variations in weather and climate. Even minor changes in a meteorological station's envi
Test Familiarity: Evidence of "Practice Effects"?
A study involving all students taking the California Achievement Test (CAT) in the Cleveland City School District (Ohio) during the fall of 1989 was conducted to assess the effects of the use of parallel test forms. Each spring, all students in grades 4, 6, and 8 are selected to take the appropriate level of the CAT reading test, Form E. As a…
Lanese, James F.
A Testing Effect with Multimedia Learning
A testing effect occurs when a learner performs better on a retention test after studying the material and taking a practice-retention test than after studying the material twice. In the present study, 282 participants watched a narrated animation about lightning formation and then watched the presentation again (restudy), took a…
Johnson, Cheryl I.; Mayer, Richard E.
Side effects of dextromethorphan abuse, a case series
The aim of this study was to investigate the Dextromethorphan (DXM) abuse side effects. Subjects were 53 volunteers who had consumed DXM with mean age 23.4 years. The mean of side effects during first day was 12.49 and during first week was 5.57. The causes of repeated DXM abuse were psychological dependency 46.5%, recreational abuse in 32.6%. Neurological and psychological
Vahid Ziaee; Ehsan Akbari Hamed; Arezoo Hoshmand; Homaioon Amini; Abbas Kebriaeizadeh; Keivan Saman
Single Event Effect (SEE) Test Planning 101
This is a course on SEE Test Plan development. It is an introductory discussion of the items that go into planning an SEE test that should complement the SEE test methodology used. Material will only cover heavy ion SEE testing and not proton, LASER, or other though many of the discussed items may be applicable. While standards and guidelines for how-to perform single event effects (SEE) testing have existed almost since the first cyclotron testing, guidance on the development of SEE test plans has not been as easy to find. In this section of the short course, we attempt to rectify this lack. We consider the approach outlined here as a "living" document: mission specific constraints and new technology related issues always need to be taken into account. We note that we will use the term "test planning" in the context of those items being included in a test plan.
LaBel, Kenneth A.; Pellish, Jonathan; Berg, Melanie D.
Effective Pedagogy in Mathematics. Educational Practices Series-19
This booklet focuses on effective mathematics teaching. Drawing on a wide range of research, it describes the kinds of pedagogical approaches that engage learners and lead to desirable outcomes. The aim of the booklet is to deepen the understanding of practitioners, teacher educators, and policy makers and assist them to optimize opportunities for…
Anthony, Glenda; Walshaw, Margaret
Facing the Risks of the "Mozart Effect." Grand Masters Series.
Explores the argument introduced by the "Mozart Effect" research: that music's positive influence on spatial-temporal reasoning should be the purpose for music education. Considers the implications by reshaping the National Standards for Music Education to fulfill the spatial-temporal rationale. Suggests how to reconcile musical and other purposes…
Reimer, Bennett
Effective Pedagogy in Social Sciences. Educational Practices Series-23
This booklet is a synthesis of research on social sciences teaching that has been shown to have a positive effect on a range of desirable student outcomes: cognitive, skills, participatory and affective outcomes. Education in the social sciences plays an important role in developing students' sense of identity and influencing the ways in which…
Sinnema, Claire; Aitken, Graeme
Secrets of Highly Effective Meetings. The Practicing Administrator's Leadership Series.
Whenever educators gather to achieve a common goal, every participant should arrive with a sense of purpose and leave with a feeling of accomplishment. This book explains how to make meetings more efficient and effective. It outlines: (1) the correlation between excellent meetings and excellent results; (2) how to plan, open, conduct, and follow…
Shelton, Maria M.; Bauer, Laurie K.
Retrieval Mode Distinguishes the Testing Effect from the Generation Effect
A series of four experiments examined the effects of generation vs. retrieval practice on subsequent retention. Subjects were first exposed to a list of target words. Then the subjects were shown the targets again intact for Read trials or they were shown fragments of the targets. Subjects in Generate conditions were told to complete the fragments…
Karpicke, Jeffrey D.; Zaromb, Franklin M.
CERNA WORKING PAPER SERIES Distributional effects of a carbon tax on car fuels in France
This paper analyses the distributional effects of alternative scenarios of carbon taxes on car fuels using use model that is estimated using disaggregated panel data from 2003 to 2006. We explicitly 1 The tax1 CERNA WORKING PAPER SERIES Distributional effects of a carbon tax on car fuels in France Benjamin
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Interpreting the Macroeconomic Time Series Facts: The Effects of Monetary Policy
Existing theory and evidence on the effects of monetary policy are reviewed. Substantial room for disagreement among economists remains. New evidence, based on multivariate time series studies of several countries, is presented. While certain patterns in the data consistent with effective monetary policy are strikingly similar across countries, others, particularly the tendency of interest rate increases to predict high inflation,
Christopher A. Sims
Certified Professional in Supply Management (CPSM) Review Series: Exam 2: Effective Supply Management Performance
Management Performance Dates: October 28, 2011 Location: Rutgers University Livingston Campus, Tillett Hall in understanding both the content and organization of Exam 2: Effective Supply Management PerformanceCertified Professional in Supply Management (CPSM) Review Series: Exam 2: Effective Supply
English Language Testing. General Information Series No. 20. Indochinese Refugee Education Guides.
Principles of test selection in English as a second language (ESL) are introduced to teachers of Indochinese refugees. No previous knowledge of ESL testing on the part of the teacher is assumed. A discussion of the characteristics of a good ESL test emphasizes the appropriateness of the test for non-native speakers, validity, reliability, and…
Center for Applied Linguistics, Arlington, VA.
Subsonic roll-damping characteristics of a series of wings. [wind tunnel tests of various wing planforms
The aerodynamic damping in roll of a series of wings has been investigated in the Langley high-speed 7- by 10-foot tunnel at Mach numbers ranging from 0.2 to 0.8 by use of a forced oscillatory-roll technique. Tests were conducted on wings of aspect ratio 6 with sweep angles of 25, 35, and 45 deg and on 35 deg swept wings of aspect ratios 4 and 5.
Boyden, R. P.
Feature Engineering with Canonical Analysis for Effective Statistical Tests Screening Test Escapes
Feature Engineering with Canonical Analysis for Effective Statistical Tests Screening Test Escapes screen potential test escapes without additional physical measurements. Based on analysis of production test data, this paper focuses on feature engineering for statistical tests to screen test escapes
Liebling, Michael
Comparing the effectiveness of software testing strategies
This study compares the results of code reading, functional testing, and structural testing in three aspects of software testing: fault detection effectiveness, fault detection cost, and classes of faults detected. Thirty two professional programmers and 42 advanced students applied the three techniques to four unit-sized programs in a fractional experimental design. The major results of this study are the following: (1) With the professional programmers, code reading detected more software faults and had a higher detection rate than did functional or structural testing, while functional testing detected more faults than did structural testing, but functional and structural testing were not different in fault detection rate. (2) In one advanced student subject group, code reading and functional testing were not different in faults found, but were superior to structural testing, while in the other advanced student subject group there was no difference among the techniques. (3) With the advanced student subjects, the three techniques were not different in fault deteciton rate. (4) Number of faults observed, fault detection rate, and total effort in detection depended on the type of software tested. (5) Code reading detected more interface faults than did the other methods. (6) Functional testing detected more control faults than did the other methods. (7) When asked to estimate the percentage of faults detected, code readers gave the most accurate estimates while functional testers gave the least accurate estimates. Appendix B includes the source code for the word.
Basili, Victor R.; Selby, Richard W.
System size effects in the N/Z dependence of balance energy for isotopic series
We study the system size effects in the N/Z dependence of balance energy for the isotopic series. We find drastic effect of symmetry energy on the N/Z dependence of E$_{bal}$ throughout the mass range. We also find that the N/Z dependence of E$_{bal}$ for isotopic series of lighter system is slightly more sensitive to symmetry energy as compared to that of heavier systems. We also study the mass dependence of E$_{bal}$ for the N/Z range from 1.0-2.0. We find that the mass dependence of E$_{bal}$ varies with the N/Z ratio.
Sakshi Gautam; Aman Deep Sood
Truck Design Optimization Project Field Test Data, Series 5, Tape TDOP 0193.
National Technical Information Service (NTIS)
The 2 data files on this magnetic tape include acceleration, force, and displacement measurements at critical points on a freight car and truck. Each file includes detailed alphanumeric descriptions of test conditions. The following are for all tests on t...
A. J. Bang
Truck Design Optimization Project Field Test Data, Series 5, Tape TDOP 0194.
Truck Design Optimization Project Field Test Data, Series 5, Tape TDOP 0199.
Selecting Trend Tests for Water Quality Series With Serial Correlation and Missing Values
The use of nonparametric tests for monotonic trend has flourished in recent years to support routine water quality data analyses. The validity of an assumption of independent, identically distributed error terms is an important concern in selecting the appropriate nonparametric test, as is the presence of missing values. Decision rules are needed for choosing between alternative tests and for deciding
J. B. Harcum; Jim C. Loftis; Robert C. Ward
We have implemented a Lagrange multiplier test for the alternative of a non- linear continuous to the model used in Tsay's (1986) discrete-time work. The performance of the test in the #12;nite-sample case multiplier tests for the null hypothesis that the underlying continuous- time process is a continuous
Chan, Kung-Sik
An Adaptive Empirical Likelihood Test for Parametric Time Series Regression Models
. Email: email@example.com A test for a parametric regression model against a sequence of local on a single smoothing bandwidth, the test is formulated by maximizing a standardized version of the empirical to a parameter space . This paper considers testing the validity of the parametric specification of m(x) against
Essentials of WJ III[TM] Tests of Achievement Assessment. Essentials of Psychological Assessment Series.
The widely used Woodcock Johnson (WJ) Test of Achievement has been separated into two distinct tests, Achievement and Cognitive Abilities. This book is designed to help busy mental health professionals acquire the knowledge and skills they need to use the third revision of the WJ Tests of Achievement (WJ III ACH) , including administration,…
Mather, Nancy; Wendling, Barbara J.; Woodcock, Richard W.
Analysis of Effects of Meteorological Factors on Dengue Incidence in Sri Lanka Using Time Series Data
In tropical and subtropical regions of eastern and South-eastern Asia, dengue fever (DF) and dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) outbreaks occur frequently. Previous studies indicate an association between meteorological variables and dengue incidence using time series analyses. The impacts of meteorological changes can affect dengue outbreak. However, difficulties in collecting detailed time series data in developing countries have led to common use of monthly data in most previous studies. In addition, time series analyses are often limited to one area because of the difficulty in collecting meteorological and dengue incidence data in multiple areas. To gain better understanding, we examined the effects of meteorological factors on dengue incidence in three geographically distinct areas (Ratnapura, Colombo, and Anuradhapura) of Sri Lanka by time series analysis of weekly data. The weekly average maximum temperature and total rainfall and the total number of dengue cases from 2005 to 2011 (7 years) were used as time series data in this study. Subsequently, time series analyses were performed on the basis of ordinary least squares regression analysis followed by the vector autoregressive model (VAR). In conclusion, weekly average maximum temperatures and the weekly total rainfall did not significantly affect dengue incidence in three geographically different areas of Sri Lanka. However, the weekly total rainfall slightly influenced dengue incidence in the cities of Colombo and Anuradhapura. PMID:23671694
Goto, Kensuke; Kumarendran, Balachandran; Mettananda, Sachith; Gunasekara, Deepa; Fujii, Yoshito; Kaneko, Satoshi
The Effects of Reynolds Number on the Application of NACA 16 Series Airfoil Characteristics to Propeller Design
An analysis has been made of airfoil data taken on several NACA 16-series propeller airfoils from tests of 5-inch-chord models in the Langley 24 inch high-speed tunnel and l2-inch-chord models in the Langley 8 foot high-speed tunnel, This analysis has shown that the combined effects of Reynolds number changes and variations in airfoil characteristics resulting from differences in models and tunnels are such that when 5 inch-chord and l2-inch-chord data are applied to full-scale propeller design at or near the design condition, differences of less than 1 percent in efficiency will be involved.
Cleary, Harold E.
Interim Report on the NSRR Experimental Results (1). Orientational Test Series: (Tests 111-1--111-6).
The in-pile experiments on the nuclear reactor fuel behavior under reactivity initiated accident conditions were started in the NSRR (Nuclear Safety Research Reactor), JAERI, in October 1975. This report describes the results of the initial scoping test s...
T. Hoshi, T. Inabe, S. Shiozawa, S. Kobayashi, O. Hashimoto
Planning, Instruction, and Assessment: Effective Teaching Practices. James H. Stronge Research-to-Practice Series
This entry in the James H. Stronge Research-to-Practice Series focuses on specific strategies teachers can use to improve the quality of their instruction. Studies have shown teacher quality to be the top indicator of student achievement, with the effects of good teachers apparent even as students move on to successive grades. In this book, Grant,…
Grant, Leslie W.; Hindman, Jennifer; Stronge, James H.
BIMA Memoranda Series #15 The Effect of Light Wind on Antenna 3
amplitude on baseline 31, while the bottom panel shows the total power on antenna 1 #12; 3BIMA Memoranda Series #15 The Effect of Light Wind on Antenna 3 Stephen White University of Maryland July 25, 1991 Abstract It is well known that the drives on antenna 3 are presently unable
amplitude on baseline 31, while the bottom panel shows the total* * power on antenna BIMA Memoranda Series #15 The Effect of Light Wind on Antenna 3 Stephen White University of Maryland July 25, 1991 Abstract It is well known that the drives on antenna 3
Effects of Series Elasticity on the Human Knee Extension Torque-Angle Relationship in Vivo
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of series elasticity on the torque-angle relationship of the knee extensors in vivo. Forty-two men volunteered to take part in the present study. The participants performed maximal voluntary isometric contractions at eight knee-joint angles (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110[degree]). The…
Kubo, Keitaro; Ohgo, Kazuya; Takeishi, Ryuichi; Yoshinaga, Kazunari; Tsunoda, Naoya; Kanehisa, Hiroaki; Fukunaga, Tetsuo
ECOS Inquiries Series -University of Montana Effect of Acid Rain on the Ability of
1 ECOS Inquiries Series - University of Montana Effect of Acid Rain on the Ability of Soil Microbes OF ACID RAIN ON THE ABILITY OF SOIL MICROBES TO DECOMPOSE ORGANIC NITROGEN 3. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES: a ecosystems. One well known example of this is the production of acid rain due to certain air pollutants
Brewer, Carol
10 years' experience of patch testing with a shoe series in 230 patients: which allergens are important?
Over a 10-year period, 230 patients with foot dermatitis were patch tested to a shoe series of allergens. About 54 (23%) had relevant allergic positive reactions to one or more allergens. The commonest relevant allergens groups were, in order, chromate, medicaments, rubber chemicals, dyes and cosmetic constituents, with the most frequent individual allergens being chromate (4%), neomycin (3%), rubber chemicals (> 3%), paraphenylenediamine (2%) and tixocortyl pivolate (2%). Some allergens previously thought to be important, e.g. certain plastic and adhesive chemicals, did not show any positives over the period of study. In addition, para-tertiary butyl phenol formaldehyde resin was a relatively unimportant allergen in this series. The main practical points to emerge from this study are that, in patients with foot dermatitis, chromate is still the principal allergen, and that medicament and cosmetic allergens may be prominent. PMID:15982230
Holden, Catherine R; Gawkrodger, David J
Distributed series resistance effects in solar cells: Dark and illuminated cases
A new approach to calculate the distributed series resistance of a solar cell is presented. Since we include the contribution of the substrate resistance, our approach is more general than previous ones. Analytical solutions for the variation of r /SUB s/ for dark, short and open-circuit operation conditions are given. The authors show that the series resistance depends on flowing current and can be different in the dark and under illumination conditions, due to current crowding effects in the emitter layer. But it is also shown that this crowding can be significantly attenuated by the presence of substrate resistivity.
Araujo, G.L.; Cuevas, A.; Ruiz, J.M.
Dynamic Testing with Tangible Electronics: Measuring Children's Change in Strategy Use with a Series Completion Task
Aims: This study sought to explore the use of a novel approach that incorporates dynamic testing and tangible electronics in the assessment of children's learning potential and strategy use. Sample: A total of 77 children with a mean age 8.9 years participated in the study; half of them were dynamically tested using graduate prompt techniques; the…
Resing, Wilma C. M.; Elliott, Julian G.
The Second Century of Ability Testing: Some Predictions and Speculations. William H. Angoff Memorial Lecture Series.
This report asserts that rapid changes in many areas, such as technology and communications, marked the 20th century, the first century of ability testing. Predictions about the second century of testing seem difficult in such a context. Yet, looking back to the turn of the last century, E. Kirkpatrick (1900) in his American Psychological…
Embretson, Susan E.
Test Anxiety: Theory, Assessment, and Treatment. The Series in Clinical and Community Psychology.
It is not surprising that a broad array of treatment programs have been developed to reduce test anxiety, since the consequences can be serious. The contributions in this volume review and evaluate the theory of test anxiety, its measurement, its manifestations, and possible treatments and their outcomes. The following chapters are included: (1)…
Spielberger, Charles D., Ed.; Vagg, Peter R., Ed.
A generalized Grubbs-Beck test statistic for detecting multiple potentially influential low outliers in flood series
The Grubbs-Beck test is recommended by the federal guidelines for detection of low outliers in flood flow frequency computation in the United States. This paper presents a generalization of the Grubbs-Beck test for normal data (similar to the Rosner (1983) test; see also Spencer and McCuen (1996)) that can provide a consistent standard for identifying multiple potentially influential low flows. In cases where low outliers have been identified, they can be represented as "less-than" values, and a frequency distribution can be developed using censored-data statistical techniques, such as the Expected Moments Algorithm. This approach can improve the fit of the right-hand tail of a frequency distribution and provide protection from lack-of-fit due to unimportant but potentially influential low flows (PILFs) in a flood series, thus making the flood frequency analysis procedure more robust.
Cohn, T. A.; England, J. F.; Berenbrock, C. E.; Mason, R. R.; Stedinger, J. R.; Lamontagne, J. R.
he Grubbs-Beck test is recommended by the federal guidelines for detection of low outliers in flood flow frequency computation in the United States. This paper presents a generalization of the Grubbs-Beck test for normal data (similar to the Rosner (1983) test; see also Spencer and McCuen (1996)) that can provide a consistent standard for identifying multiple potentially influential low flows. In cases where low outliers have been identified, they can be represented as "less-than" values, and a frequency distribution can be developed using censored-data statistical techniques, such as the Expected Moments Algorithm. This approach can improve the fit of the right-hand tail of a frequency distribution and provide protection from lack-of-fit due to unimportant but potentially influential low flows (PILFs) in a flood series, thus making the flood frequency analysis procedure more robust.
Measurements of time average series resonance effect in capacitively coupled radio frequency discharge plasma
Self-excited plasma series resonance is observed in low pressure capacitvely coupled radio frequency discharges as high-frequency oscillations superimposed on the normal radio frequency current. This high-frequency contribution to the radio frequency current is generated by a series resonance between the capacitive sheath and the inductive and resistive bulk plasma. In this report, we present an experimental method to measure the plasma series resonance in a capacitively coupled radio frequency argon plasma by modifying the homogeneous discharge model. The homogeneous discharge model is modified by introducing a correction factor to the plasma resistance. Plasma parameters are also calculated by considering the plasma series resonances effect. Experimental measurements show that the self-excitation of the plasma series resonance, which arises in capacitive discharge due to the nonlinear interaction of plasma bulk and sheath, significantly enhances both the Ohmic and stochastic heating. The experimentally measured total dissipation, which is the sum of the Ohmic and stochastic heating, is found to increase significantly with decreasing pressure.
Bora, B.; Bhuyan, H.; Favre, M.; Wyndham, E.; Chuaqui, H.; Kakati, M.
Spatiotemporal model or time series model for assessing city-wide temperature effects on mortality?
Most studies examining the temperature-mortality association in a city used temperatures from one site or the average from a network of sites. This may cause measurement error as temperature varies across a city due to effects such as urban heat islands. We examined whether spatiotemporal models using spatially resolved temperatures produced different associations between temperature and mortality compared with time series models that used non-spatial temperatures. We obtained daily mortality data in 163 areas across Brisbane city, Australia from 2000 to 2004. We used ordinary kriging to interpolate spatial temperature variation across the city based on 19 monitoring sites. We used a spatiotemporal model to examine the impact of spatially resolved temperatures on mortality. Also, we used a time series model to examine non-spatial temperatures using a single site and the average temperature from three sites. We used squared Pearson scaled residuals to compare model fit. We found that kriged temperatures were consistent with observed temperatures. Spatiotemporal models using kriged temperature data yielded slightly better model fit than time series models using a single site or the average of three sites' data. Despite this better fit, spatiotemporal and time series models produced similar associations between temperature and mortality. In conclusion, time series models using non-spatial temperatures were equally good at estimating the city-wide association between temperature and mortality as spatiotemporal models. PMID:23026801
Guo, Yuming; Barnett, Adrian G; Tong, Shilu
Bora, B.; Bhuyan, H.; Favre, M.; Wyndham, E.; Chuaqui, H. [Facultad de Fisica, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Ave. Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Santiago 22 (Chile); Kakati, M. [Thermal Plasma Processed Materials Laboratory, Centre of Plasma Physics, Institute for Plasma Research, Sonapur 782 402, Assam (India)
Testing Identifiability of Causal Effects David Galles
Testing Identifiability of Causal Effects David Galles Computer Science Department University of San Francisco San Francisco, CA 94117 firstname.lastname@example.com Judea Pearl Cognitive Systems Laboratory production plant. Before we take charge, we are given a blueprint of the plant together with an explanation
Galles, David
Stark effect at the Si I series limit. [of solar spectra
Small redshifts and weakenings of high n lines in members of the Si series observed over a sunspot are interpreted as due to the Stark effect. Other origins, including Doppler motions, appear to be excluded. The spectra were obtained with high spatial resolution using the NRL high-resolution telescope and spectrograph. The origin of the Stark effect is not yet certain. An interpretation in terms of a quasi-static quadratic effect would require rather high perturber densities. An alternative interpretation would be a motional Stark effect, arising perhaps through the presence of magnetohydrodynamic waves.
Jordan, C.; Bartoe, J.-D. F.; Brueckner, G. E.
Gravity effects obtained from global hydrology models in comparison with high precision gravimetric time series
Water mass changes are a major source of variations in residual gravimetric time series obtained from the combination of observations with superconducting and absolute gravimeters. Changes in the local water storage are the main influence, but global variations contribute to the signal significantly. For three European gravity stations, Bad Homburg, Wettzell and Medicina, different global hydrology models are compared. The influence of topographic effects is discussed and due to the long-term stability of the combined gravity time series, inter-annual signals in model data and gravimetric observations are compared. Two sources of influence are discriminated, i.e., the effect of a local zone with an extent of a few kilometers around the gravimetric station and the global contribution beyond 50km. Considering their coarse resolution and uncertainties, local effects calculated from global hydrological models are compared with the in-situ gravity observations and, for the station Wettzell, with local hydrological monitoring data.
Wziontek, Hartmut; Wilmes, Herbert; Güntner, Andreas; Creutzfeldt, Benjamin
Burning mouth syndrome: patch test results from a large case series.
Background:Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a burning or sore mouth in the absence of changes in the oral mucosa. It is often difficult to diagnose and treat. Numerous theories of the etiology have been suggested, including contact allergy.Objective:To determine the clinical utility of patch testing in patients with BMS.Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients diagnosed with BMS who had patch testing performed between January 1, 2008, and July 31, 2012.Results:Of 142 consecutive patients with BMS, 132 consented to patch testing; 89 (67%) had allergic patch test reactions. Of the patients with positive results, 66 (74%) had results that were deemed to have possible relevance. The most common allergens detected were nickel sulfate 2.5%, dodecyl gallate 0.3%, octyl gallate 0.3%, fragrance mix 8%, benzoyl peroxide 1%, and cinnamic alcohol 1%.Conclusions:Our findings suggest that contact allergy may be an etiologic factor in some patients with BMS. Patch testing is a useful investigation for BMS patients. PMID:24518290
Lynde, Carrie B; Grushka, Miriam; Walsh, Scott R A
Results from Cycles 1 and 2 of NNWSI Series 2 spent fuel dissolution tests
PWR spent fuel rod segments from the H.B. Robinson Unit 2 and Turkey Point Unit 3 reactors were leach tested in Nevada Nuclear Waste Storage Investigations (NNWSI) reference J-13 water under ambient hot cell conditions. The test matrix included bare fuel plus the cladding, rod segments with artificially induced cladding defects, and undefected rod segments. Radionuclide release results are presented and discussed. The actinides Pu, Am, Cm and Np appear to have been released congruently as the UO{sub 2} oxide fuel matrix dissolved. Preferential U release measured in certain tests may be related to dissolution of oxidized UO/sub 2+x/ from the fuel surface, and/or greater solubility (and mobility) of U relative to the other actinides within defected cladding specimens. Uranium solubility measured in the J-13 water was much greater then that measured in deionized water in previous tests. All of the principal fission products analyzed ({sup 137}Cs, {sup 129}I, {sup 99}Tc and {sup 90}Sr) were released preferentially relative to the actinides. Preferential release of activation product {sup 14}C was also measured, with a portion of the {sup 14}C release appearing to originate from the cladding exterior surface. Much greater fractional fuel dissolution appeared to have occurred with bare fuel particles than from fuel contained in defected cladding. Actinide release from test specimens containing small ({similar_to}200 {mu}m) laser-drilled holes through the cladding was not significantly greater than from undefected specimens.
Wilson, C.N.
Historical estimates of external gamma exposure and collective external gamma exposure from testing at the Nevada Test Site. I. Test series through HARDTACK II, 1958.
In 1959, the Test Manager's Committee to Establish Fallout Doses calculated estimated external gamma exposure at populated locations based upon measurements of external gamma-exposure rate. Using these calculations and estimates of population, we have tabulated the collective estimated external gamma exposures for communities within established fallout patterns. The total collective estimated external gamma exposure is 85,000 person-R. The greatest collective exposures occurred in three general areas: Saint George, UT; Ely, NV; and Las Vegas, NV. Three events, HARRY (19 May 1953), BEE (22 March 1955), and SMOKY (31 August 1957), accounted for more than half the total collective estimated external gamma exposure. The bases of the calculational models for external gamma exposure of "infinite exposure," "estimated exposure," and "1-yr effective biological exposure" are explained. PMID:3332000
Anspaugh, L R; Church, B W
Validity Evidence for ACT Compass® Placement Tests. ACT Research Report Series 2014 (2)
We examined the validity of using Compass® test scores and high school grade point average (GPA) for placing students in first-year college courses and for identifying students at risk of not succeeding. Consistent with other research, the combination of high school GPA and Compass scores performed better than either measure used alone. Results…
Westrick, Paul A.; Allen, Jeff
Urine Testing for Drugs of Abuse. NIDA Research Monograph Series 73.
In the past 5 years, a growing concern over the use of illicit drugs in the workplace has led to an interest in urinalysis as a way to detect and deter drug use. This monograph provides information that will assist those involved in the planning or implementation of drug testing programs in making informed choices. Articles include: (1)…
Hawks, Richard L., Ed.; Chiang, C. Nora, Ed.
An assay procedure for the comparative irritancy testing of esters in the tigliane and daphnane series
A method is described for testing of diterpene esters for irritancy. The technique involves the application of acetone solutions of the toxins to the inside ears of female LACA mice. The number of mice responding per group and the log10 dose data were evaluated using probit analysis with the assistance of a computer program. This evaluation has the advantage that
Fred J. Evans; Richard J. Schmidt
Identification of the Gifted: Tests and Measurements: A Selective Bibliography. Exceptional Child Bibliography Series No. 668.
The annotated bibliography on tests and measurements for identification of the gifted contains approximately 75 abstracts and associated indexing information for documents published from 1959 to 1973 and selected from the computer files of the Council for Exceptional Children's Information Services and the Education Resources Information Center…
ERIC Clearinghouse on Handicapped and Gifted Children, Reston, VA.
Using power series expansions of moduli to interpolate between release curves from dynamic tests: Technique and application
Recently an appreciable number of continuous release profiles have been measured from dynamic experiments with geological materials. For each material an empirical generalization of the available release curves may be constructed to allow easy application of the experimental data to problems in much the same way as a linear shock velocity -- particle velocity fit allows easy application of Hugoniot data. This generalization is made in two steps. The first is to compute the Eulerian axial modulus at the Hugoniot pressure and its first three pressure derivatives along the release for each test. This corresponds to a partial Taylor series of the axial modulus, which integrates to give a very close match to the original release. An alternative formulation, which takes volume as the independent variable, fails because that Taylor series does not converge with the rapidity needed for these calculations. The second step is to plot each of these quantities against the Hugoniot pressure for the suite of tests, and fit these data. A release from an arbitrary pressure within the general range of the experimental data may be computed by using the interpolated modulus and its interpolated derivatives. This generalization, which allows volume to be computed as a function of pressure, reproduces the experimental curves fairly well. We present the results of applying this technique to release data for Mini Jade 2 grout, and briefly compare these results with those from several Nevada Test Site tuffs, saturated and dry Indiana Limestone, and aluminum. Finally, we use the generalized Mini Jade 2 data to solve a sample problem, that of estimating the error produced by making the release = Hugoniot'' assumption in the analysis of ground motion gauges in an underground test. 12 refs., 14 figs., 5 tabs.
Furnish, M.D.
Shots ANNIE to RAY, the first five tests of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE Series, 17 March11 April 1953. Technical report
This report describes the activites of DOD personnel, both civilian and military, in Shots ANNIE, NANCY, RUTH, DIXIE, and RAY, the first five tests of the UPSHOT-KNOTHOLE atmospheric nuclear weapons test series. These tests were conducted from 17 March to 11 April 1953 and involved participants from Exercise Desert Rock V, AFSWP, AFSWC, AEC nuclear weapons design laboratories, and the
The Impact of Test Suite Granularity on the CostEffectiveness of Regression Testing
The Impact of Test Suite Granularity on the CostÂEffectiveness of Regression Testing Gregg,email@example.com ABSTRACT Regression testing is an expensive testing process used to validate software following modifications. The costÂeffective ness of regression testing techniques varies with characteris tics of test
Rothermel, Gregg
Scale effects in tests on footings
cell pressure remains constant, i.e. ~O'r=O, as in a standard drained triaxial compression test. The membrane penetration effects can also manifest themselves in the form of changes in texture or fabric of the skeleton of the specimen. For example... that these explorations have contributed significantly to our understanding of soil mechanics. There remain, however, many uncertainties yet to be resolved. Terzaghi (1943) has shown that the bearing capacity af of a shallow strip foundation of width B resting...
Lau, Chi Keung
Effects on noise properties of GPS time series caused by higher-order ionospheric corrections
Higher-order ionospheric (HOI) effects are one of the principal technique-specific error sources in precise global positioning system (GPS) analysis. These effects also influence the non-linear characteristics of GPS coordinate time series. In this paper, we investigate these effects on coordinate time series in terms of seasonal variations and noise amplitudes. Both power spectral techniques and maximum likelihood estimators (MLE) are used to evaluate these effects quantitatively and qualitatively. Our results show an overall improvement for the analysis of global sites if HOI effects are considered. We note that the noise spectral index that is used for the determination of the optimal noise models in our analysis ranged between -1 and 0 both with and without HOI corrections, implying that the coloured noise cannot be removed by these corrections. However, the corrections were found to have improved noise properties for global sites. After the corrections were applied, the noise amplitudes at most sites decreased, among which the white noise amplitudes decreased remarkably. The white noise amplitudes of up to 81.8% of the selected sites decreased in the up component, and the flicker noise of 67.5% of the sites decreased in the north component. Stacked periodogram results show that, no matter whether the HOI effects are considered or not, a common fundamental period of 1.04 cycles per year (cpy), together with the expected annual and semi-annual signals, can explain all peaks of the north and up components well. For the east component, however, reasonable results can be obtained only based on HOI corrections. HOI corrections are useful for better detecting the periodic signals in GPS coordinate time series. Moreover, the corrections contributed partly to the seasonal variations of the selected sites, especially for the up component. Statistically, HOI corrections reduced more than 50% and more than 65% of the annual and semi-annual amplitudes respectively at the selected sites.
Jiang, Weiping; Deng, Liansheng; Li, Zhao; Zhou, Xiaohui; Liu, Hongfei
Single-Event Transient Testing of Low Dropout PNP Series Linear Voltage Regulators
As demand for high-speed, on-board, digital-processing integrated circuits on spacecraft increases (field-programmable gate arrays and digital signal processors in particular), the need for the next generation point-of-load (POL) regulator becomes a prominent design issue. Shrinking process nodes have resulted in core rails dropping to values close to 1.0 V, drastically reducing margin to standard switching converters or regulators that power digital ICs. The goal of this task is to perform SET characterization of several commercial POL converters, and provide a discussion of the impact of these results to state-of-the-art digital processing IC through laser and heavy ion testing
Adell, Philippe; Allen, Gregory
Validation of non-Darcian flow effects in slug tests conducted in fractured rock boreholes
SummaryA series of rising and falling head slug tests with different initial applied head differentials (?Ho) were conducted in open fractured dolostone and sandstone boreholes using straddle packers isolating specific depth intervals (1.5 m length) to examine the influence of non-Darcian flow. The open holes were developed and inspected using video and acoustic televiewing (ATV) to ensure that evidence of skin effects due to drilling were absent. The transmissivity (T) values obtained from both the rising and falling head slug tests were very similar at low initial applied head; however, the T values were progressively smaller at larger ?Ho, suggesting error due to non-Darcian flow. Non-Darcian flow behavior was confirmed by constant head step tests conducted in the same test intervals where the injection rate (Q) vs. applied head (dH) relationship became non-linear at relatively low injection rates, and the non-Darcian data also resulted in lower T values. For a series of slug tests conducted at different ?Ho, non-Darcian flow effects gradually increased as ?Ho increased, consistent with the trends for constant head step tests conducted in the same test intervals. To maintain Darcian flow conditions in the fractured dolostone and sandstone tested in this study, ?Ho must be kept small, generally less than 0.2 m. This study demonstrates that by conducting both "stepped" slug tests and constant head step tests, the Darcian flow assumption for both types of tests can be rigorously validated. However, when only slug tests are conducted, it is necessary to conduct a series of "stepped" slug tests, including tests with small applied head differentials, to avoid errors due to non-Darcian flow.
Quinn, Patryk M.; Parker, Beth L.; Cherry, John A.
Testing the effects from dark radiation
In this paper, the effects of dark radiation (DR) are tested. Theoretically, the phase-space analysis method is applied to check whether the model is consist with the history of our universe which shows positive results. Observationally, by using the observational data (SuperNovae Legacy Survey (SNLS), Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe 9 Years Result (WMAP9), Planck First Data Release (PLANCK), baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO), Hubble parameter data (H(z)) and Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN)), the DR is found to have the effect of wiping out the tension between the SNLS data and the other data in a flat ?CDM model. The effects of DR also make the best fit value of Neff slightly larger than 3.04.
Zhang, Yi; Gong, Yungui
Testing the individual effective dose hypothesis.
The assumption of the individual effective dose is the basis for the probit method used for analyzing dose or concentration-response data. According to this assumption, each individual has a uniquely innate tolerance expressed as the individual effective dose (IED) or the smallest dose that is sufficient to kill the individual. An alternative to IED, stochasticity suggests that individuals do not have uniquely innate tolerance; deaths result from random processes occurring among similar individuals. Although the probit method has been used extensively in toxicology, the underlying assumption has not been tested rigorously. The goal of the present study was to test which assumption, IED or stochasticity, best explained the response of Daphnia magna exposed to multiple pulses of copper sulfate (CuSO4 ) over 24 d. Daphnia magna were exposed to subsequent age-dependent 24-h median lethal concentrations (LC50s) of copper (Cu). Age-dependent 24-h LC50 values and Cu depuration test were determined prior to the 24-d bioassay. The LC50 values were inversely related to organism age. The Cu depuration of D. magna did not depend on age or Cu concentration, and 5 d was sufficient recovery time. Daphnia magna were exposed to 4 24-h Cu exposures, and surviving organisms after each exposure were transferred to Cu-free culture media for recovery before the next exposure. Stochasticity appropriately explained the survival and reproduction response of D. magna exposed to Cu. PMID:24318469
Vu, Hung T; Klaine, Stephen J
Tests of N.A.C.A. airfoils in the variable-density wind tunnel Series 24
This note is the fifth of a series covering an investigation of a number of related airfoils. It presents the results obtained from tests of a group of six low-cambered airfoils in the variable-density wind tunnel. The mean camber lines are identical for the six airfoils and are of such a form that the maximum mean camber is 2 per cent of the chord and is at a position 0.4 of the chord behind the loading edge. The airfoils differ in thickness only, the maximum-thickness/chord ratios being 0.06, 0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.18, and 0.21. The results have been presented in the form of both infinite and finite aspect-ratio characteristics. The values of C(sub L) max/C(sub d) degrees min for this group of airfoils are among the highest thus far obtained, the minimum profile drags being approximately equal to those for the symmetrical series of corresponding thickness, while the maximum lift coefficients are considerably higher.
Jacobs, Eastman N; WARD KENNETH E
Effect of Velocity in Icing Scaling Tests
This paper presents additional results of a study first published in 1999 to determine the effect of scale velocity on scaled icing test results. Reference tests were made with a 53.3-cm-chord NACA 0012 airfoil model in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel at an airspeed of 67 m/s, an MVD of 40 microns, and an LWC of 0.6 g/cu m. Temperature was varied to provide nominal freezing fractions of 0.8, 0.6, and 0.5. Scale tests used both 35.6- and 27.7-cm-chord 0012 models for 2/3- and 1/2-size scaling. Scale test conditions were found using the modified Ruff (AEDC) scaling method with the scale velocity determined in five ways. Four of the scale velocities were found by matching the scale and reference values of water-film thickness, velocity, Weber number, and Reynolds number. The fifth scale velocity was simply the average of those found by matching the Weber and Reynolds numbers. The resulting scale velocities ranged from 85 to 220 percent of the reference velocity. For a freezing fraction of 0.8, the value of the scale velocity had no effect on how well the scale ice shape simulated the reference shape. For nominal freezing fractions of 0.5 and 0.6, the best simulation of the reference shape was achieved when the scale velocity was the average of the constant-Weber-number and the constant-Reynolds-number velocities.
Anderson, David N.; Bond, Thomas H. (Technical Monitor)
Metal thermocouple correction methodology and evaluation (ECS-2c ECS-2b test series)
The ECS-2 experiments were designed and performed to investigate downflow dryout in a heated ribbed vertical annulus. Subsequent experiments were performed in the same facility to investigate convective heat transfer under air/water downflow conditions. Under these conditions (> 40 K) azimuthal temperature variations were observed in the skin temperature measured using Type K thermocouples. The physical mechanisms causing the azimuthal variations in the thermocouples have not been identified. A methodology has been developed and evaluated for removing these effects. An uncertainty analysis has been performed to estimate the uncertainties resulting from application of the methodology. However, it is recommended that this methodology not be applied to the individual thermocouples unless a viable physical mechanism is identified to explain the observed thermocouple responses. 13 refs., 23 figs., 4 tabs.
Anderson, J.L.; Larson, T.K.; Condie, K.G.
Effects of State Tests on Classroom Test Items in Mathematics
Classroom tests from nine eighth-grade mathematics teachers were collected from the 2003-04 and 2005-06 school years. These years represent one school year prior to the eighth-grade Ohio Achievement Test (OAT) in mathematics being implemented and the year after the eighth-grade OAT in mathematics was implemented, respectively. In addition,…
Boyd, Brian T.
In this paper a study is performed on Transient Stability enhancement in multi-machine power systems using Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC). The paper uses the Injection Model of UPFC and series quadrature voltage injection and shunt compensation used for oscillation damping and then the effects of series and shunt compensation separately and together analyzed. Then different locations for UPFC in
S. Javad Sajjadi; M. Hasan Mohseninejad; Saeed Afsharnia
Generalized score test of homogeneity for mixed effects models
Many important problems in psychology and biomedical studies require testing for overdispersion, correlation and heterogeneity in mixed effects and latent variable models, and score tests are particularly useful for this purpose. But the existing testing procedures depend on restrictive assumptions. In this paper we propose a class of test statistics based on a general mixed effects model to test the
Hongtu Zhu; Heping Zhang
The Impact of Test Suite Granularity on the Cost-Effectiveness of Regression Testing
The Impact of Test Suite Granularity on the Cost-Effectiveness of Regression Testing Gregg,firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Regression testing is an expensive testing process used to validate software following modi cations. The cost-e ective- ness of regression testing techniques varies with characteris- tics of test
The Impact of Test Suite Granularity on the CostÂEffectiveness of Regression Testing Gregg,firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT Regression testing is an expensive testing process used to validate software following modi#12;cations. The cost-e#11;ective- ness of regression testing techniques varies with characteris- tics of test
Multiple Choice Testing and the Retrieval Hypothesis of the Testing Effect
Taking a test often leads to enhanced later memory for the tested information, a phenomenon known as the "testing effect". This memory advantage has been reliably demonstrated with recall tests but not multiple choice tests. One potential explanation for this finding is that multiple choice tests do not rely on retrieval processes to the same…
Sensenig, Amanda E.
Causal Effects of Monetary Shocks: Semiparametric Conditional Independence Tests with a Multinomial Propensity Score
Macroeconomists have long been concerned with the causal effects of monetary policy. When the identification of causal effects is based on a selection-on-observables assumption, non-causality amounts to the conditional independence of outcomes and policy changes. This paper develops a semiparametric test for conditional independence in time series models linking a multinomial policy variable with unobserved potential outcomes. Our approach to
Joshua Angrist; Guido M. Kuersteiner
Causal effects of monetary shocks: Semiparametric conditional independence tests with a multinomial propensity score
Joshua D Angrist; Guido M Kuersteiner
Nontidal ocean loading: amplitudes and potential effects in GPS height time series
Ocean bottom pressure (OBP) changes are caused by a redistribution of the ocean's internal mass that are driven by atmospheric circulation, a change in the mass entering or leaving the ocean, and/or a change in the integrated atmospheric mass over the ocean areas. The only previous global analysis investigating the magnitude of OBP surface displacements used older OBP data sets (van Dam et al. in J Geophys Res 129:507-517, 1997). Since then significant improvements in meteorological forcing models used to predict OBP have been made, augmented by observations from satellite altimetry and expendable bathythermograph profiles. Using more recent OBP estimates from the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) project, we reassess the amplitude of the predicted effect of OBP on the height coordinate time series from a global distribution of GPS stations. OBP-predicted loading effects display an RMS scatter in the height of between 0.2 and 3.7 mm, larger than previously reported but still much smaller (by a factor of 2) than the scatter observed due to atmospheric pressure loading. Given the improvement in GPS hardware and data analysis techniques, the OBP signal is similar to the precision of weekly GPS height coordinates. We estimate the effect of OBP on GPS height coordinate time series using the MIT reprocessed solution, mi1. When we compare the predicted OBP height time series with mi1, we find that the scatter is reduced over all stations by 0.1 mm on average with reductions as high as 0.7 mm at some stations. More importantly we are able to reduce the scatter on 65 % of the stations investigated. The annual component of the OBP signal is responsible for 80 % of the reduction in scatter on average. We find that stations located close to semi-enclosed bays or seas are affected by OBP loading to a greater extent than other stations.
van Dam, T.; Collilieux, X.; Wuite, J.; Altamimi, Z.; Ray, J.
Assessment of varicella vaccine effectiveness in Germany: a time-series approach.
A multivariate time-series regression model was developed in order to describe the 2005-2008 age-specific time-course of varicella sentinel surveillance data following the introduction of a varicella childhood vaccination programme in Germany. This ecological approach allows the assessment of vaccine effectiveness under field conditions by relating vaccine coverage in cohorts of 24-month-old children to the mean number of cases per reporting unit in the sentinel network. For the 1-2 years age group, which is directly affected by the vaccination programme, a one-dose vaccine effectiveness of 83·2% (95% CI 80·2-85·7) was estimated which corresponds to previous approaches assessing varicella vaccine effectiveness in the field in the USA. PMID:21156098
Höhle, M; Siedler, A; Bader, H-M; Ludwig, M; Heininger, U; Von Kries, R
Seemingly unrelated intervention time series models for effectiveness evaluation of large scale environmental remediation.
Large scale environmental remediation projects applied to sea water always involve large amount of capital investments. Rigorous effectiveness evaluations of such projects are, therefore, necessary and essential for policy review and future planning. This study aims at investigating effectiveness of environmental remediation using three different Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) time series models with intervention effects, including Model (1) assuming no correlation within and across variables, Model (2) assuming no correlation across variable but allowing correlations within variable across different sites, and Model (3) allowing all possible correlations among variables (i.e., an unrestricted model). The results suggested that the unrestricted SUR model is the most reliable one, consistently having smallest variations of the estimated model parameters. We discussed our results with reference to marine water quality management in Hong Kong while bringing managerial issues into consideration. PMID:23932418
Ip, Ryan H L; Li, W K; Leung, Kenneth M Y
Fault detection using a two-model test for changes in the parameters of an autoregressive time series
This article describes an investigation of a statistical hypothesis testing method for detecting changes in the characteristics of an observed time series. The work is motivated by the need for practical automated methods for on-line monitoring of Deep Space Network (DSN) equipment to detect failures and changes in behavior. In particular, on-line monitoring of the motor current in a DSN 34-m beam waveguide (BWG) antenna is used as an example. The algorithm is based on a measure of the information theoretic distance between two autoregressive models: one estimated with data from a dynamic reference window and one estimated with data from a sliding reference window. The Hinkley cumulative sum stopping rule is utilized to detect a change in the mean of this distance measure, corresponding to the detection of a change in the underlying process. The basic theory behind this two-model test is presented, and the problem of practical implementation is addressed, examining windowing methods, model estimation, and detection parameter assignment. Results from the five fault-transition simulations are presented to show the possible limitations of the detection method, and suggestions for future implementation are given.
Scholtz, P.; Smyth, P.
Validation of an Academic Listening Test: Effects of "Breakdown" Tests and Test Takers' Cognitive Awareness of Listening Processes
This study investigated the breakdown effect of a listening comprehension test, whether test takers are affected in comprehending lectures by impediments, and collected test takers' cognitive awareness on test tasks which contain listening breakdown factors how they perceived these impediments. In this context of the study, a "Breakdown" is a test…
Chi, Youngshin
Predictive Testing: Amplifying the Effectiveness of Software Testing
Shlimovich Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences University of California at Berkeley Technical Report of all or part of this work for personal or classroom use is granted without fee provided that copies closely re- lated inputs. We extend predictive testing to catch bugs related to memory-safety violations
Sen, Koushik
On Test Suite Composition and Cost-Effective Regression Testing Gregg Rothermel
On Test Suite Composition and Cost-Effective Regression Testing Gregg Rothermel , Sebastian firstname.lastname@example.com August 31, 2004 Abstract Regression testing is an expensive testing process used to re-validate software as it evolves. Various methodologies for improving regression testing processes have been explored, but the cost
On Test Suite Composition and Cost-Effective Regression Testing. Gregg Rothermel
On Test Suite Composition and Cost-Effective Regression Testing. Gregg Rothermel , Sebastian email@example.com August 30, 2003 Abstract Regression testing is an expensive testing process used to re-validate software as it evolves. Various methodologies for improving regression testing processes have been explored, but the cost
Eating Disorder Prevention in Sororities: Testing Mediators of Intervention Effects.
??Abstract Eating Disorder Prevention in Sororities: Testing Mediators of Intervention Effects By Lisa M. Smith This study evaluated mechanisms through which intervention effects were achieved… (more)
Smith, Lisa Marie
American contact dermatitis society core allergen series.
Evidence for the effectiveness of patch testing and the need for an expanded series that provides experience and evidence-based suggestions for an extended patch testing series are examined in this review. Many of those testing with shorter allergen series are interested in expanding the spectrum of patch testing. The American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) Core Allergen Series Group has arranged a group of suggested allergen groups that can be logically scaled up or down depending on the needs of the patch tester and the community being tested. This is not an "ACDS 80 Standard." We suggest a core group of allergens similar to the TRUE Test (SmartPractice, Phoenix, Ariz) with subsequent trays providing a greater breadth of coverage in a logical fashion, with more likely allergens being higher in the tray. For more extensive testing, specialty trays (ie, cosmetics, metals, plant, etc) are recommended. PMID:23340393
Schalock, Peter C; Dunnick, Cory A; Nedorost, Susan; Brod, Bruce; Warshaw, Erin; Mowad, Christen
Effect of Hofmeister series anions on the thermotropic phase behavior of bioactive O-acylcholines.
O-Acylcholines (OACs), which are true cationic lipids due to the quaternary ammonium functionality in the headgroup, exhibit interesting biological activities and medicinal properties. In the present study, a homologous series of OACs with even chain lengths (n = 12-20) have been synthesized, and their thermotropic and chaotropic phase transitions have been characterized. The role of various anions (Cl(-), Br(-), I(-), NO3(-), SO4(2-), ClO3(-), ClO4(-)) on the phase behavior of O-stearoylcholine was investigated by calorimetric, spectroscopic, and turbidimetric approaches. The results obtained revealed that in aqueous dispersion O-stearoylcholine undergoes a cooperative phase transition from a gel phase to a micellar structure and that the transition temperature increases when the counterions are changed in the Hofmeister series. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies showed that O-stearoylcholine iodide forms an interdigitated bilayer structure, with the polymethylene chain adopting an all-trans conformation. The Hofmeister effect and phase behavior were explained using the concepts of matching water affinities, water penetration into the bilayer, and electrostatic repulsion. It was also observed that one counterion per molecule is sufficient to strongly modulate the phase properties of the lipid/surfactant. PMID:23909717
Tarafdar, Pradip K; Reddy, S Thirupathi; Swamy, Musti J
Contact allergy to acrylates/methacrylates in the acrylate and nail acrylics series in southern Sweden: simultaneous positive patch test reaction patterns and possible screening allergens.
In a recent study we showed that all our dental personnel/patients were detected with 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (2-HEMA) and 2,2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (bis-GMA). We studied 90 patients tested to the acrylate and nail acrylics series at our department over a 10 year period to see whether screening allergens could be found. Patch testing with an acrylate and nail acrylics series was performed. Among the 10 acrylate/methacrylate-allergic occupational dermatitis patients tested to the acrylate series, the most common allergens were triethyleneglycol diacrylate (TREGDA, 8), diethyleneglycol diacrylate (5), and 1,4-butanediol diacrylate (BUDA, 5). All 10 of these patients would have been picked up by a short screening series combining TREGDA, 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (2-HPMA), and BUDA or 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA). Among the 14 acrylate/methacrylate-allergic nail patients, the most common allergens were ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA, 11), 2-HEMA, (9), and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (9). Screening for 3 allergens i.e. 2-HEMA plus EGDMA plus TREGDA, would have detected all 14 nail patients. A short screening series combining 2-HEMA, EGDMA, TREGDA, 2-HPMA, bis-GMA, and BUDA or HDDA would have picked up all our past study patients (dental, industrial, and nail) with suspected allergy to acrylate/methacrylate allergens. PMID:17577353
Teik-Jin Goon, Anthony; Bruze, Magnus; Zimerson, Erik; Goh, Chee-Leok; Isaksson, Marléne
The Effect of a Series of Advanced Organizers in Increasing Meaningful Learning
The effect of advanced organizers on the meaningful learning of carefully sequenced materials in the biology classes of a rural high school was investigated. A significant difference was found in favor of the advanced-organizer group as measured by a summative achievement test. (BT)
Kahle, Jane B.; Rastovac, John J.
The effect of practice on test intercorrelations
The data used in this study were obtained from two groups of college students who practiced 7 and 4 tests for 39 and 66 10-minute periods, respectively, and from two supplementary groups of students who practiced some tests for only 10 sittings. The tests used were: anagrams, digit-letter substitution, spot pattern, horizontal adding, cancellation (under 3 different instructions), making gates,
H. Woodrow
Estimating damping effectiveness of BPA`s thyristor controlled series capacitor by applying time and frequency domain methods to measured response
Recently, a 500-kV thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) was installed in the Bonneville Power Administration system in the northwestern US. Extensive field testing has included modulation experiments to determine the effect of the TCSC on low-frequency oscillations. This paper discusses modulation procedures, analysis methods, and results for estimating the damping effectiveness of the TCSC. Modulation methods include driving the TCSC with step and random noise, and analysis techniques include time (Prony analysis) and frequency-domain identification. Results indicate that: (1) the TCSC can have significant impact on system dynamics; and (2) under a very small feedback gain, the TCSC provides measurable added damping.
Trudnowski, D.J.; Donnelly, M.K.; Hauer, J.F. [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)] [Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)
Recently, a 500-kV thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) was installed in the Bonneville Power Administration system in the northwestern United States. Extensive field testing has included modulation experiments to determine the effect of the TCSC on low- frequency procedures, analysis methods, and results for estimating the damping effectiveness of the TCSC. Modulation methods include driving the TCSC with step and random noise, and analysis techniques include time (Prony analysis) and frequency-domain identification. Results indicate that: (1) the TCSC can have significant impact on system dynamics; and (2) under a very small feedback gain, the TCSC provides measurable added damping.
Trudnowski, D.J.; Donnelly, M.K.; Hauer, J.F.
Effects of acupuncture for cancer pain and quality of life – a case series
Background Many cancer patients seek complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) including acupuncture to manage their cancer-related symptoms or side effects of treatments. Acupuncture is used to manage cancer pain and improve quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to conduct a preliminary study on a case series to evaluate the feasibility of acupuncture for treating cancer pain and to collect preliminary data on the effectiveness of acupuncture in treating cancer pain and improving QoL. Methods A semi-standardized acupuncture treatment comprising one to three treatment sessions (20–30 minutes per session) per week for 8 weeks was provided by four licensed acupuncturists, who had more than 5 years of clinical experience, at the University Health Center. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C3) and a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain rating were used as the outcome measures to assess pain and QoL. Data were collected at baseline, immediately after 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of treatment and at 4 weeks after treatment completion (week 12). Results Two males and five females with a median age of 66 years (range: 44–71 years) completed the study. For the VAS, the percentage of improvement ranged between 18% and 95%. The baseline mean raw score was reduced from 51 mm to 36 mm at the end of week 8 and to 23 mm at the end of week 12. The percentage of overall QoL improvement ranged between 20% and 100%. The mean raw score for QoL improved with time. The baseline score was increased from 55 to 69 at the end of treatment (week 8) and to 73 after the follow-up (week 12). Conclusions This pilot study on a case series showed that acupuncture might be beneficial for reducing pain and improving QoL in cancer patients. PMID:23895044
Dose-Response Correlation of Methadone and its Metabolite EDDP in Human Hair. Completion of the Second and Preparation of the Third Test Series.
Analogous to the first test series, the following steps were undertaken with each of the subjects of the Methadone distribution center in Saarbruecken: (a) Five sweat patches were applied and then removed after one, two, three, four, and six days respecti...
A Generalized DIF Effect Variance Estimator for Measuring Unsigned Differential Test Functioning in Mixed Format Tests
One approach to measuring unsigned differential test functioning is to estimate the variance of the differential item functioning (DIF) effect across the items of the test. This article proposes two estimators of the DIF effect variance for tests containing dichotomous and polytomous items. The proposed estimators are direct extensions of the…
Penfield, Randall D.; Algina, James
Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing, Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada
This report presents a new Geographic Information System composite map of the geologic surface effects caused by underground nuclear testing in the Yucca Flat Physiographic Area of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada. The Nevada Test Site (NTS) was established in 1951 as a continental location for testing nuclear devices (Allen and others, 1997, p.3). Originally known as the
A Study of Propagation Effects in a Wireless Test Bed
The paper discusses several effects influencing the propagation in a laboratory wireless test bed, and also aspects important for designing and setting up the wireless test bed with space constraints. A numerical electromagnetic model for the full scale 7×7 wireless mesh network test-bed is discussed. The model includes the coupling and diffraction effects, and is based on the method of
Effects of Coaching on GRE Aptitude Test Scores.
After adjusting for different background characteristics of students, effects on test scores were related to the length and type of test coaching programs offered. The data suggest that the test item types in the Graduate Record Examination General Test appear to show little susceptibility to formal coaching experiences. (Author/DWH)
Powers, Donald E.
A coverage analysis tool for the effectiveness of software testing
This paper describes the software testing and analysis tool, "ATAC (Automatic Test Analysis for C)", developed as a research instrument to measure the effectiveness of testing data. It is also a tool to facilitate the design and evaluation of test cases during software development. To demonstrate the capability and applicability of ATAC, the authors obtained 12 program versions of a
Michael R. Lyu; J. R. Horgan; Saul London
Effectiveness of Selection and Classification Testing.
Army personnel managers have a continuing need to select, classify and assign to training and jobs large numbers of men who enter the service. The present publication addresses the value of selection and classification testing program in relation to job training success and the suitability of the tests for subgroups of the manpower available to…
Maier, Milton H.; Fuchs, Edmund F.
Introduction: Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a condition that occurs almost exclusively with running whereby exercise increases intramuscular pressure compromising circulation, prohibiting muscular function, and causing pain in the lower leg. Currently, a lack of evidence exists for the effective conservative management of CECS. Altering running mechanics by adopting forefoot running as opposed to heel striking may assist in the treatment of CECS, specifically with anterior compartment symptoms. Case Description: The purpose of this case series is to describe the outcomes for subjects with CECS through a systematic conservative treatment model focused on forefoot running. Subject one was a 21 y/o female with a 4 year history of CECS and subject two was a 21 y/o male, 7 months status-post two-compartment right leg fasciotomy with a return of symptoms and a new onset of symptoms on the contralateral side. Outcome: Both subjects modified their running technique over a period of six weeks. Kinematic and kinetic analysis revealed increased step rate while step length, impulse, and peak vertical ground reaction forces decreased. In addition, leg intracompartmental pressures decreased from pre-training to post-training. Within 6 weeks of intervention subjects increased their running distance and speed absent of symptoms of CECS. Follow-up questionnaires were completed by the subjects at 7 months following intervention; subject one reported running distances up to 12.87 km pain-free and subject two reported running 6.44 km pain-free consistently 3 times a week. Discussion: This case series describes a potentially beneficial conservative management approach to CECS in the form of forefoot running instruction. Further research in this area is warranted to further explore the benefits of adopting a forefoot running technique for CECS as well as other musculoskeletal overuse complaints. PMID:22163093
Gregory, Robert; Alitz, Curtis; Gerber, J. Parry
TURBO: a dynamic-probabilistic simulation to study the effects of bioturbation on paleoceanographic time series
The FORTRAN77 program TURBO can be used to simulate the effects of bioturbation on single sediment particles. It provides a new tool to study the impact of bioturbation on isotopic signals such as 14C and ?18O measured in a stratigraphic "carrier" such as foraminifera. The simulation itself is not a model for a specific process of bioturbation but can be used to evaluate and compare different models of bioturbation and their effects on paleoceanographic records. The bioturbation simulation program TURBO, an additional sampling and measuring routine TEST and an example of a bioturbated 14C and ?18O record are described in detail.
Trauth, Martin H.
Calculation of indoor effective dose factors in ORNL phantoms series due to natural radioactivity in building materials.
In this paper the effective dose in the age-dependent ORNL phantoms series, due to naturally occurring radionuclides in building materials, was calculated. The absorbed doses for various organs or human tissues have been calculated. The MCNP-4B computer code was used for this purpose. The effective dose was calculated according to ICRP Publication 74. The obtained values of dose conversion factors for a standard room are: 1.033, 0.752 and 0.0538 nSv h-1 per Bq kg-1 for elements of the U and Th decay series and for the K isotope, respectively. The values of effective dose agreed generally with those found in the literature, although the values estimated here for elements of the U series were higher in some cases. PMID:19741358
Krstic, D; Nikezic, D
Current single event effect test results for candidate spacecraft electronics
We present both proton and heavy ion single event effect (SEE) ground test results for candidate spacecraft electronics. A variety of digital and analog devices were tested, including EEPROMs, DRAMs, and DC-DC converters
Kenneth A. LaBel; Amy K. Moran; Donald K. Hawkins; Anthony B. Sanders; Christina M. Seidleck; Hak S. Kim; James E. Forney; E. G. Stassinopoulos; Paul Marshall; Cheryl Dale; J. Kinnison; B. Carkhuff
Single event effect test results for candidate spacecraft electronics
We present both heavy ion and proton single event effect (SEE) ground test results for candidate spacecraft electronics. A variety of digital, analog, and fiber optic devices were tested, including DRAMs, FPGAs and fiber links
Kenneth A. Label; Amy K. Moran; Christina M. Seidleck; E. G. Stassinopoulos; J. M. Barth; P. Marshall; M. Carts; C. Marshall; J. Kinnison; B. Carkhuff
Seasonal confounding in air pollution and health time-series studies: effect on air pollution effect estimates.
A major statistical challenge in air pollution and health time-series studies is to adequately control for confounding effects of time-varying covariates. Daily health outcome counts are most commonly analysed by Poisson regression models, adjusted for overdispersion, with air pollution levels included as a linear predictor and smooth functions for calendar time and weather variables to adjust for time-varying confounders. Various smoothers have been used so far, but the optimal strategy for choosing smoothers and their degree of smoothing remains controversial. In this work, we evaluate the performance of various smoothers with different criteria for choosing the degree of smoothing in terms of bias and efficiency of the air pollution effect estimate in a simulation study. The evaluated approaches were also applied to real mortality data from 22 European cities. The simulation study imitated a multi-city study. Data were generated from a fully parametric model. Model selection methods which optimize prediction may lead to increased biases in the air pollution effect estimate. Minimization of the absolute value of the sum of the partial autocorrelation function of the model's residuals (PACF), as a criterion to choose the degree of smoothness, gave the smallest biases. The penalized splines (PS) method with a large number of effective dfs (e.g. 8-12 per year) could be used as the basic, relatively conservative, analysis whereas the PS and natural splines in combination with PACF could be applied to provide a reasonable range of the effect estimate. PMID:16991105
Touloumi, G; Samoli, E; Pipikou, M; Le Tertre, A; Atkinson, R; Katsouyanni, K
Data book for 12.5-inch diameter SRB thermal model water flotation test: 14.7 psia, series P020
Data acquired from the initial series of tests conducted to determine how thermal conditions affect SRB (Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster) flotation are presented. Acceleration, pressure, and temperature data recorded from initial water impact to final flotation position using a 12.5-inch diameter thermal model of the SRB at ambient pressure are included. The model was 136.9 inches long and weighed 117.3 lbm. The tests indicated the following differences from ambient temperature tests: (1) significant negative static pressures can occur during penetration; (2) maximum penetration is increased; and (3) final flotation is in the spar buoy mode.
Allums, S. L.
The effect of testing versus restudy on retention: A meta-analytic review of the testing effect.
Engaging in a test over previously studied information can serve as a potent learning event, a phenomenon referred to as the testing effect. Despite a surge of research in the past decade, existing theories have not yet provided a cohesive account of testing phenomena. The present study uses meta-analysis to examine the effects of testing versus restudy on retention. Key results indicate support for the role of effortful processing as a contributor to the testing effect, with initial recall tests yielding larger testing benefits than recognition tests. Limited support was found for existing theoretical accounts attributing the testing effect to enhanced semantic elaboration, indicating that consideration of alternative mechanisms is warranted in explaining testing effects. Future theoretical accounts of the testing effect may benefit from consideration of episodic and contextually derived contributions to retention resulting from memory retrieval. Additionally, the bifurcation model of the testing effect is considered as a viable framework from which to characterize the patterns of results present across the literature. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved). PMID:25150680
Rowland, Christopher A
Effect of Aminophenyl and Aminothiahexyl ?-D-Glycosides of the Manno-, Gluco-, and Galacto-Series on Type 1 Fimbriae-Mediated Adhesion of Escherichia coli.
Adhesion of bacteria to the glycosylated surface of their target cells is typically mediated by fimbrial lectins, exposed on the bacterial surface. Among the best-investigated and most important fimbriae are type 1 fimbriae, for which ?-d-mannopyranoside-specificity has been described. This carbohydrate specificity is mediated by the type 1 fimbrial lectin FimH. In this account, we have employed four different set-ups to assay type 1 fimbriae-mediated bacterial adhesion, including tailor-made glycoarrays. The focus of our study was on testing FimH specificity with regard to the glycone part of a glycosidic ligand by testing a series of synthetic ?-mannosides, as well as ?-glucosides and ?-galactosides. Unexpectedly, it was found that in solution all tested aminothiahexyl glycosides inhibit bacterial adhesion but that this effect is unspecific. Instead it is due to cytotoxicity of the respective glycosides at high mm concentrations. PMID:24833058
Fessele, Claudia; Lindhorst, Thisbe K
Effect of Aminophenyl and Aminothiahexyl ?-d-Glycosides of the Manno-, Gluco-, and Galacto-Series on Type 1 Fimbriae-Mediated Adhesion of Escherichia coli
Fessele, Claudia; Lindhorst, Thisbe K.
Bond Testing for Effects of Silicone Contamination
In 2003 ATK Thiokol discovered that the smocks and coveralls worn by its operations personnel for safety and contamination control were themselves contaminated with a silicone defoamer and a silicone oil. As a growing list of items have been identified as having this form of contamination, it was desirable to devise a test method to determine if the contamination level detected could cause subsequent processing concerns. The smocks and coveralls could potentially contact bonding surfaces during processing so the test method focused on dry transfer of the silicone from the clothing to the bonding surface.
Plaia, James; Evans, Kurt
Effect-based interpretation of toxicity test data using probability and comparison with alternative methods of analysis
A methodology is described that incorporates the intra- and intertest variability and the biological effect of bioassay data in evaluating the toxicity of single and multiple tests for regulatory decision-making purposes. The single- and multiple-test regulatory decision probabilities were determined from t values (n {minus} 1, one-tailed) derived from the estimated biological effect and the associated standard error at the critical sample concentration. Single-test regulatory decision probabilities below the selected minimum regulatory decision probability identify individual tests as noncompliant. A multiple-test regulatory decision probability is determined by combining the regulatory decision probability of a series of single tests. A multiple-test regulatory decision probability is determined by combining the regulatory decision probability of a series of single tests. A multiple-test regulatory decision probability below the multiple-test regulatory decision minimum identifies groups of tests in which the magnitude and persistence of the toxicity is sufficient to be considered noncompliant or to require enforcement action. Regulatory decision probabilities derived from the t distribution were compared with results based on standard and bioequivalence hypothesis tests using single- and multiple-concentration toxicity test data from an actual national pollutant discharge incorporated the precision of the effect estimate into regulatory decisions at a fixed level of effect. Also, probability-based interpretation of toxicity tests provides incentive to laboratories to produce, and permit holders to use, high-quality, precise data, particularly when multiple tests are used in regulatory decisions. These results are contrasted with standard and bioequivalence hypothesis tests in which the intratest precision is a determining factor in setting the biological effect used for regulatory decisions.
Gully, J.R.; Baird, R.B.; Markle, P.J.; Bottomley, J.P.
Effectiveness of an improved road safety policy in Ethiopia: an interrupted time series study
Background In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in implementing road safety policy by different low income countries. However; the evidence is scarce on its success in the reduction of crashes, injuries and deaths. This study was conducted to assess whether road crashes, injuries and fatalities was reduced following the road safety regulation introduced as of September 2007 by Oromia Regional State Transport Bureau. Methods Routine road traffic accident data for the year 2002-2011were collected from sixteen traffic police offices. Data on average daily vehicle flow was obtained from the Ethiopian Road Authority. Interrupted time series design using segmented linear regression model was applied to estimate the effect of an improved road safety policy. Results A total of 4,053 crashes occurred on Addis Ababa - Adama/Hawassa main road. Of these crashes, almost half 46.4% (1,880) were property damage, 29.4% (1,193) were fatal and 24.2% (980) injury crashes, resulting 1,392 fatalities and 1,749 injuries. There were statistically significant reductions in non-injury crashes and deaths. Non-injury crash was reduced by 19% and fatality by 12.4% in the first year of implementing the revised transport safety regulation. Conclusion Although revised road safety policy helped in reducing motor vehicle crashes and associated fatalities, the overall incidence rate is still very high. Further action is required to avoid unnecessary loss of lives. PMID:24886220
Fear Appeals in the Primary Classroom: Effects on Test Anxiety and Test Grade
The present study investigated whether fear appeals used prior to a test increased self-reported test anxiety and had a detrimental effect on test scores. Forty primary school pupils were instructed for one week under a low threat condition under which no fear appeals were made and another week under a high threat condition in which fear appeals…
Putwain, David William; Best, Natalie
Effects of Incorporating Humor in Test Items.
Two matched forms of a 50 item grammar test were developed. Twenty items designed to be humorous were included in one form. Inclusion of humorous items did not affect grammar scores on matched humorous/nonhumorous items, nor on commmon post-treatment items. Inclusion did not affect results of anxiety measures. (Author/DWH)
McMorris, Robert F.; And Others
Effect of a repeated series of intermittent hypoxic exposures on ventilatory response in humans.
The purpose of this study was to elucidate the magnitude and the time course of ventilatory changes resulting from a repeated series of hypoxic exposures. Eight healthy males participated in the present study. The subjects spent 1 h/day in normobaric hypoxia (12% inspired oxygen). Inspired minute ventilation (V(I)), end-tidal partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P(ET(CO2))), and arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) were measured in a hypoxic tent. These measurements were taken for 10 consecutive days (series 1), and were taken again after the subjects had been away from hypoxic exposure for 1 month (series 2). P(ET(CO2)) decreased and SaO2 increased progressively in the hypoxic tent during the 10 days of intermittent hypoxia in series 1. At the onset of series 2 (days 1 to 3), P(ET(CO2)) was significantly lower and SaO2 was significantly higher than those on day 1 during series 1. These results suggest that humans who have had previous hypoxic exposure adapt sooner to hypoxic condition due to an increase in the magnitude of hyperventilation in the first few days of a series of reexposures to hypoxia. PMID:15772500
Katayama, Keisho; Fujita, Hiroshi; Sato, Kohei; Ishida, Koji; Iwasaki, Ken-Ichi; Miyamura, Miharu
Summary of Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation by LSAT Takers for 1990-1991 Testing Year. LSAC Research Report Series.
A study was conducted to examine patterns of test preparation for the Law School Admission Test (LSAT) during the 1990-1991 testing year. This represented an extension of an earlier study that examined self-report test preparation methods for the June and October 1989 test administrations. In this study, five types of analysis were performed: (1)…
McKinley, Robert
DSM effectiveness tests (Emphasis on the customer value test and the load forecast)
The load forecast is closely linked to assessment and screening of DSM programs. All of the several DSM effectiveness tests require input from the load forecast regarding end-use estimates of future energy consumption, saturation and load shape. The Customer Value (CV) test requires additional estimates on end-use price elasticities for the purpose of evaluating the impacts of changes in quality and take back on DSM program effectiveness. Further, the CV test can also yield results that are significantly different than the other effectiveness tests.
Birch, D.E.; Irish, W.F. [Tennessee Valley Authority, Chattanooga, TN (United States)
The Deterrent Effect of Capital Punishment in the Five Most Active Execution States: A Time Series Analysis
This study examines the effect of the death penalty on the murder rate. A 50-year time series is employed for the period 1930-1980 for the five states with the largest number of executions during this period: Georgia, New York, Texas, California, and North Carolina. Taken together, these five states accounted for 40 percent of all the executions performed during this
Scott H. Decker; Carol W. Kohfeld
More Effective ABE Instruction for Institutionalized Adult Alcoholics and Addicts through the Cambridge Kentucky GED Video Series. Final Report.
A project was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the Cambridge/Kentucky Educational Television General Educational Development (GED) Video Series as a tool for providing adult basic education (ABE) instruction to institutionalized drug addicts and alcoholics at Eagleville Hospital in Eagleville, Pennsylvania. After the integration of the…
Mellon, Thomas A.
Is Post-Secondary Education in Canada a Cost-Effective Proposition? Working Paper Series. W-01-9E
This study provides an overview of the return on investment to post-secondary education in Canada, by gender. In it, three time series are developed respectively on the cost-effectiveness of non-university post-secondary diplomas (1981-1996), bachelor's degrees (1989-1996) and university degrees (1981-1996), including bachelor's, master's and…
Appleby, John; Fougere, Maxime; Rouleau, Manon
A New Model for Investigating the Mortality Effects of Multiple Air Pollutants in Air Pollution Mortality Time-Series Studies
Because the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency regulates air pollutants independently, the majority of time-series studies on air pollution and mortality have focused on estimating the adverse health effects of a single pollutant. However, due to the sometimes high correlation between air pollutants, the results from studies that focus on a single air pollutant can be difficult to interpret. In addition,
Steven Roberts
Short term effects of air pollution on health: a European approach using epidemiologic time series data: the APHEA protocol
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Results from several studies over the past five years have shown that the current levels of pollutants in Europe and North America have adverse short term effects on health. The APHEA project aims to quantifying these in Europe, using standardised methodology. The project protocol and analytical methodology are presented here. DESIGN: Daily time series data were gathered
K Katsouyanni; J Schwartz; C Spix; G Touloumi; D Zmirou; A Zanobetti; B Wojtyniak; J M Vonk; A Tobias; A Pönkä; S Medina; L Bachárová; H R Anderson
Effect of adult mallard age on avian reproductive tests
This study was designed to determine the effect of using two different ages of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) adults within the first breeding season on reproductive tests under standard Toxic Substances Control Act avian reproductive guide-lines. The adult age groups were 7 and 11 months at test initiation. The test chemical was an organophosphate insecticide, chlorpyrifos. The parameters evaluated included food
Jay D. Gile; S. Mark Meyers
The effect of schooling and ability on achievement test scores
This paper develops two methods for estimating the effect of schooling on achievement test scores that control for the endogeneity of schooling by postulating that both schooling and test scores are generated by a common unobserved latent ability. These methods are applied to data on schooling and test scores. Estimates from the two methods are in close agreement. We find
Karsten T. Hansen; James J. Heckman; K. J. Kathleen J. Mullen
The Effect of Schooling and Ability on Achievement Test Scores
Karsten T. Hansen; James J. Heckman; Kathleen J. Mullen
The Testing Effect for Learning Principles and Procedures from Texts
The authors explored whether a testing effect occurs not only for retention of facts but also for application of principles and procedures. For that purpose, 38 high school students either repeatedly studied a text on probability calculations or studied the text, took a test on the content, restudied the text, and finally took the test a second…
Dirkx, Kim J. H.; Kester, Liesbeth; Kirschner, Paul A.
Television viewers' motivations to follow the 2005 Ashes Test series: implications for the rebranding of English cricket
Purpose – The aim of this paper is to examine the factors that induced people to follow the 2005 Ashes cricket series on television and to explore the implications of these factors for the marketing of English cricket as a brand. Design\\/methodology\\/approach – A total of 427 members of the public who reported that they had watched at least part
Roger Bennett; Rehnuma Ali-Choudhury; Wendy Mousley
Pulse testing in the presence of wellbore storage and skin effects
A pulse test is conducted by creating a series of short-time pressure transients in an active (pulsing) well and recording the observed pressure response at an observation (responding) well. Using the pressure response and flow rate data, the transmissivity and storativity of the tested formation can be determined. Like any other pressure transient data, the pulse-test response is significantly influenced by wellbore storage and skin effects. The purpose of this research is to examine the influence of wellbore storage and skin effects on interference testing in general and on pulse-testing in particular, and to present the type curves and procedures for designing and analyzing pulse-test data when wellbore storage and skin effects are active at either the responding well or the pulsing well. A mathematical model for interference testing was developed by solving the diffusivity equation for radial flow of a single-phase, slightly compressible fluid in an infinitely large, homogeneous reservoir. When wellbore storage and skin effects are present in a pulse test, the observed response amplitude is attenuated and the time lag is inflated. Consequently, neglecting wellbore storage and skin effects in a pulse test causes the calculated storativity to be over-estimated and the transmissivity to be under-estimated. The error can be as high as 30%. New correlations and procedures are developed for correcting the pulse response amplitude and time lag for wellbore storage effects. Using these correlations, it is possible to correct the wellbore storage-dominated response amplitude and time lag to within 3% of their expected values without wellbore storage, and in turn to calculate the corresponding transmissivity and storativity. Worked examples are presented to illustrate how to use the new correction techniques. 45 references.
Ogbe, D.O.; Brigham, W.E.
Strain-rate effects on the mechanical behavior of the AISI 300 series of austenitic stainless steel under cryogenic environments
A series of uni-axial tensile tests were carried out under various low temperatures and strain-rate ranges for AISI 300 austenitic stainless steel. The strain-rate dependencies of the materials under investigation were evaluated at temperatures ranging from ambient to cryogenic. Non-linear mechanical behavior such as phase transformation, discontinuous yielding and micro-damage of four kinds of commercial stainless steel-based material were quantitatively
Woong Sup Park; Seong Won Yoo; Myung Hyun Kim; Jae Myung Lee
Psychological Processes Underlying Cultivation Effects: Further Tests of Construct Accessibility.
Describes a study that tested whether the accessibility of information in memory mediates the cultivation effect (the effect of television viewing on social perceptions), consistent with the availability heuristic. Shows that heavy viewers gave higher frequency estimates (cultivation effect) and responded faster (accessibility effect) than did…
Shrum, L. J.
Effects of cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning structures on college student achievement and peer relationships: a series of meta-analyses.
??This series of meta-analyses investigates the effects of social interdependence (cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning structures) on achievement and peer relationships among college students. This… (more)
Hilk, Caroline Lual
Self-Reported Methods of Test Preparation Used by LSAT Takers: A Summary of Responses from June and September 1989 Test Takers. LSAC Research Report Series.
This report summarizes self-reported information about the kinds and extent of test preparation used by those taking the Law School Admission Test (LSAT). For the first time, in June 1989, test takers were asked to volunteer information about how they prepared for the LSAT. Approximately 75% of the test takers in June and September 1989 responded…
Wightman, Linda F.
Seven short articles on the use of standardized tests in the United States are presented. Topics include: (1) the effects on school restructuring during the 1990's of the backlash against standardized tests; (2) the movement to replace multiple-choice standardized testing and its relationship with curricular goals; (3) the influence of…
McCurdy, Jack, Ed.; Speich, Don
Uranium-series Comminution Ages of Pleistocene Sediments: Effects of Sample Pretreatment Procedures
The uranium-series comminution age method has great potential for dating a wide variety of clastic Quaternary sediments and for providing information about sediment transport and storage times in different environments. This method, applicable to silt- and clay-sized particles, is based on the time-dependent decrease in the 234U/238U ratio due to alpha recoil loss of the 234U daughter from a grain (DePaolo et al. 2006). In order to apply the method to sediments and soils, which are chemically complex, heterogeneous assemblages of multiple phases, the detrital component must be isolated. This requires the removal of phases that can potentially host uranium with a different isotopic composition than the detrital component, including: the adsorbed (exchangeable) fraction, authigenic carbonates, Fe-Mn oxides, and organic compounds. We apply several procedures for removing these non-detrital phases, which mainly involve leaching (as well as ashing in some cases), to a suite of sediments with different bulk compositions, ages, and from a range of depositional settings (including alluvial fan, pluvial lake, and subglacial settings). The efficacy of each method is evaluated to determine which procedures are most effective at removing the non-detrital components while causing minimal damage to the clasts. This evaluation is based on measurements of the (234U/238U) activity ratio, the primary piece of information needed to obtain a sediment's comminution age. Additional measurements include x-ray diffraction for the host mineralogy, and scanning electron microscopy to observe any changes in surface textures. Initial results suggest that a sequential leaching procedure modified from Tessier et al. (1979) is a good choice for pretreating samples in order to obtain its comminution age.
Lee, V. E.; Depaolo, D. J.; Christensen, J. N.
Characterization of noisy symbolic time series
The 0-1 test for chaos is a recently developed time series characterization algorithm that can determine whether a system is chaotic or nonchaotic. While the 0-1 test was designed for deterministic series, in real-world measurement situations, noise levels may not be known and the 0-1 test may have difficulty distinguishing between chaos and randomness. In this paper, we couple the 0-1 test for chaos with a test for determinism and apply these tests to noisy symbolic series generated from various model systems. We find that the pairing of the 0-1 test with a test for determinism improves the ability to correctly distinguish between chaos and randomness from a noisy series. Furthermore, we explore the modes of failure for the 0-1 test and the test for determinism so that we can better understand the effectiveness of the two tests to handle various levels of noise. We find that while the tests can handle low noise and high noise situations, moderate levels of noise can lead to inconclusive results from the two tests.
Kulp, Christopher W.; Smith, Suzanne
A Test of the Abstinence Violation Effect.
According to the abstinence violation effect, highly controlled drinkers tend to overindulge following an initial slip. To investigate this relapse model, 47 male college students, ranging in age from 21 to 46, were assigned either to an unrestrained or a restrained drinker group according to their scores on the Restrained Drinking Scale. Subjects…
Ruderman, Audrey J.
National Study of Postsecondary Faculty (NSOPF:04) Field Test Methodology Report, 2004. Working Paper Series. NCES 2004-01
This report describes the methodology and findings of the NSOPF:04 field test that took place during the 2002?03 academic year. The NSOPF:04 field test was used to plan, implement, and evaluate methodological procedures, instruments, and systems proposed for use in the full-scale study scheduled for the 2003-04 academic year. The field test was…
Heuer, R. E.; Cahalan, M.; Fahimi, M.; Curry-Tucker, J. L.; Carley-Baxter, L.; Curtin, T. R.; Hinsdale, M.; Jewell, D. M.; Kuhr, B. D.; McLean, L.
SERI Desiccant Cooling Test Facility. Status report. Preliminary data on the performance of a rotary parallel-passage silica-gel dehumidifier
This report describes the SERI Desiccant Cooling Test Facility. The facility can test bench-scale rotary dehumidifiers over a wide range of controlled conditions. We constructed and installed in the test loop a prototype parallel-passage rotary dehumidifier that has spirally wound polyester tape coated with silica gel. The initial tests gave satisfactory results indicating that approximately 90% of the silica gel was active and the overall Lewis number of the wheel was near unity. The facility has several minor difficulties including an inability to control humidity satisfactorily and nonuniform and highly turbulent inlet velocities. To completely validate the facility requires a range of dehumidifier designs. Several choices are available including constructing a second parallel-passage dehumidifier with the passage spacing more uniform.
Schultz, K.J.
Experimental tests of the endowment effect
The endowment effect, which predicts undertrading and a willingness-to-accept greater than willingness-to-pay, is studied using responses that remove all reference to buying or selling and focuses only on choice tasks. The results significantly lower the willingness-to-pay\\/willingness-to accept discrepancy, but the latter is still significant. A high efficiency open display uniform price auction is used to exchange mugs for money. Since
Robert Franciosi; Praveen Kujal; Roland Michelitsch; Vernon Smith; Gang Deng
Relationship between pumping-test and slug-test parameters: Scale effect or artifact?
In most field investigations, information about hydraulic conductivity (K) is obtained through pumping or slug tests. A considerable body of data has been amassed that indicates that the K estimate from a pumping test is, on average, considerably larger than the estimate obtained from a series of slug tests in the same formation. Although these data could be interpreted as indicating a natural underlying scale dependence in K, an alternate explanation is that the slug-test K is artificially low as a result of incomplete well development and, to a much lesser extent, failure to account for vertical anisotropy. Incomplete well development will often result in only the most permeable zones being cleared of drilling debris, with much of the screened interval remaining undeveloped. More cursory development can leave a low-K skin along the entire screened interval. Failure to recognize such conditions can result in a K estimate from a slug test that is much lower than the average K of the formation in the vicinity of the well. By contrast, neither a skin nor vertical anisotropy will have a significant impact on K estimates from pumping tests when semi-log analyses and/or observation wells are used. However, a reasonable estimate of aquifer thickness is required to convert the transmissivity calculated from a pumping test Into an average K for the aquifer. Prior to invoking a natural scale dependence to explain the results of different types of hydraulic tests, head data should be closely examined and serious consideration given to alternate explanations.Pumping and slug tests are the primary means to obtain in situ estimates of the transmissive properties of a formation. Since the duration of most pumping tests is on the order of hours to days, the formation volume that is affected by the average pumping test is considerably larger than that affected by a slug test. These tests can yield different parameter estimates when performed at the same well. In this regard, the relationship between pumping test and slug test parameters is examined to provide an explanation to this observed difference. This difference is primarily attributed to incomplete well development and, to a lesser extent, uncertainty concerning aquifer thickness and vertical anisotropy.
Butler, Jr. , J. J.; Healey, J. M.
Test of "Light" cigarette counter-advertising using a standard test of advertising effectiveness
OBJECTIVETo evaluate systematically the effectiveness of six advertising strategies (two message strategies presented in three different contexts) designed to promote smoking cessation by addressing smokers' misperceptions about Light cigarettes.DESIGNSmokers viewed one of six, 30 second test television concept advertisements, which varied by message (one emphasising how the sensory effects of Lights can be deceptive, the other describing the effects of
Saul Shiffman; Steven L Burton; Janine L Pillitteri; Joe G Gitchell; Michael E Di Marino; Christine T Sweeney; Paul A Wardle; Gary L Koehler
Flight-test measurements of ground effect - STOL airplanes
Powered-lift STOL aircraft exhibit special aerodynamic characteristics that necessitate changes in established procedures of flight testing. Methods used in ground-effect flight testing of STOL-configured aircraft are described, with special emphasis on results obtained from tests of the YC-15 AMST prototype aircraft. Ground effect on lift and on drag is theoretically analyzed in terms of trailing vortices, bound vortex, and flight-path angle. Airspeed static source position errors are induced by ground constraint and must be considered in the data reduction. Flight-test results show a positive lift increment due to ground proximity.
Parks, E. K.; Wingrove, R. C.
An Evaluation of the PBF LOFT Lead Rod Test Results Concerning Surface Thermocouple Perturbation Effects
The purpose of the Power Burst Facility Loss of Fluid Test (PBF LOFT) Lead Rod (LLR) Test program was to provide experimental data to characterize the mechanical behavior of LOFT type nuclear fuel rods under loss of coolant accident (LOCA) conditions, simulating the test conditions expected for the LOFT Power Ascension (L2) Test series. Although the LLR tests were not explicitly designed to evaluate cladding surface thermocouple perturbation effects, comparison of the Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) data for rods instrumented with and without cladding thermocouples provided pertinent information concerning the effects of cladding thermocouples on the time to DNB and time to quench data. Documentation and review of this data is presented in the following report. It will be shown that most of the LLR data indicate that the cladding surface thermocouples did not enhance the rewetting characteristics of the rods they are attached to, even though other evidence shows that the surface clad thermocouples did quench early. Finally, in order to accurately interpret and understand the limitations of the LVDT instrumentation, upon which thermocouple perturbation effects were evaluated, an analysis of the LVDT data as well as a review of the atypical response events that occurred during the LLR tests are presented in appendices to this document.
M. L. Carboneau; E. L. Tolman
The effects of nonlinear series resonance on Ohmic and stochastic heating in capacitive discharges
The flow of electron and ion conduction currents across a nonlinear capacitive sheath to the electrode surface self-consistently sets the dc bias voltage across the sheath. We incorporate these currents into a model of a homogeneous capacitive sheath in order to determine the enhancement of the Ohmic and stochastic heating due to self-excitation of the nonlinear series resonance in an asymmetric capacitive discharge. At lower pressures, the series resonance can enhance both the Ohmic and stochastic heating by factors of 2-4, with the Ohmic heating tending to zero as the pressure decreases. The model was checked, for a particular set of parameters, by a particle-in-cell (PIC) simulation using the homogeneous sheath approximation, giving good agreement. With a self-consistent Child-law sheath, the PIC simulation showed increased heating, as expected, whether the series resonance is important or not.
Lieberman, M. A.; Lichtenberg, A. J.; Kawamura, E. [Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science-1770, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Mussenbrock, Thomas; Brinkmann, Ralf Peter [Lehrstuhl fuer Theoretische Elektrotechnik, Ruhr-Universitaet Bochum, D44801 Bochum (Germany)
Effects of testing conditions on conceptual survey results
NSDL National Science Digital Library
Pre-testing and post-testing is a commonly used method in Physics Education Research to assess student learning gains. It is well recognized in the community that timings and incentives in delivering conceptual tests can impact test results. However, it is difficult to control these variables across different studies. As a common practice, a pre-test is often administered either at or near the beginning of a course, while a post-test can be given either at or near the end of a course. Also, in conducting such tests there often is no norm as to whether incentives should be offered to students. Because these variations can significantly affect test results, it is important to study and document their impact. We analyzed five years of data that were collected at The Ohio State University from over 2100 students, who took both the pre-test and post-test of the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism under various timings and incentives. We observed that the actual time frame for giving a test has a marked effect on the test results and that incentive granting also has a significant influence on test outcomes. These results suggest that one should carefully monitor and document the conditions under which tests are administered.
Ding, Lin; Reay, Neville W.; Lee, Albert; Bao, Lei
The Effects of the Reverse Current Caused by the Series Compensation on the Current Differential Protection
The series capacitor compensation is one of the key technologies in the EHV and UHV long distance power transmission lines. This paper analyzes the operation characteristics of the main protection combined with the engineering practice when the transmission line overcompensation due to the series compensation system is modified and analyzes the influence of the transition resistance and the system operation mode on the current differential protection. According to the simulation results, it presents countermeasure on improving the sensitivity of differential current protection. PMID:25247206
Tang, Cui; Yin, Xianggen; Qi, Xuanwei; Zhang, Zhe
The effectiveness testing of oil spill-treating agents
Laboratory effectiveness tests have been developed for four classes of oil spill treating agents: solidifiers, demulsifying agents, surface-washing agents and dispersants. Several treating agent products in these four categories have been tested for effectiveness. The aquatic toxicity of these agents is an important factor and has been measured for many products. These results are presented. Solidifiers or gelling agents solidify oil. Test results show that solidifiers require between 16% and 200% of agent by weight compared to the oil. De-emulsifying agents or emulsion breakers prevent the formation of or break water-in-oil emulsions. Surfactant-containing materials are of two types, surface-washing agents and dispersants. Testing has shown that effectiveness is orthogonal for these two types of treating agents. Tests of surface washing agents show that only a few agents have effectiveness of 25 to 55%, where this is defined as the percentage of oil removed from a test surface. Dispersant effectiveness results using the swirling flask test are reported. Heavy oils show effectiveness values of about 1%, medium crudes of about 10%, light crude oils of about 30% and very light oils of about 90%.
Fingas, M.F.; Kyle, D.A.; Laroche, N.; Fieldhouse, B.; Sergy, G.; Stoodley, G. [Environment Canada, Ottawa, Ontario (Canada)
Antibiotic treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis based on rapid urine test and local epidemiology: lessons from a primary care series
Background Acute uncomplicated cystitis (AUC) is an ideal target of optimization for antibiotic therapy in primary care. Because surveillance networks on urinary tract infections (UTI) mix complicated and uncomplicated UTI, reliable epidemiological data on AUC lack. Whether the antibiotic choice should be guided by a rapid urine test (RUT) for leukocytes and nitrites has not been extensively studied in daily practice. The aim of this primary care study was to investigate local epidemiology and RUT-daily use to determine the optimal strategy. Methods General practitioners included 18–65 years women with symptoms of AUC, performed a RUT and sent urines for analysis at a central laboratory. Different treatment strategies were simulated based on RUT and resistance results. Results Among 347 enrolled patients, 78% had a positive urine culture. Escherichia coli predominated (71%) with high rates of susceptibility to nitrofurantoin (100%), fosfomycin (99%), ofloxacin (97%), and even pivmecillinam (87%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87%). Modelization showed that the systematic use of RUT would reduce by 10% the number of patients treated. Fosfomycin for patients with positive RUT offered a 90% overall bacterial coverage, compared to 98% for nitrofurantoin. 95% for ofloxacin, 86% for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and 78% for pivmecillinam. Conclusion Local epidemiology surveillance data not biased by complicated UTI demonstrates that the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance has not affected AUC yet. Fosfomycin first line in all patients with positive RUT seems the best treatment strategy for AUC, combining good bacterial coverage with expected low toxicity and limited effect on fecal flora. Trial registration The current study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00958295) PMID:24612927
Experimental test results from an environmental protection agency test method for determination of vapor suppressant effectiveness
The results obtained from laboratory experiments conducted using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) subpart WWWW of 40 Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 63 (1)-test method are discussed in this article. The original test method was developed to measure the effectiveness of wax suppressants used to reduce hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from unsaturated polyester (UP)\\/vinyl ester resins. Wax additions of
Richard W. Tock; Daniel W. Ahern
Developmental Effects of Grouping and Recoding on Learning a Movement Series.
This study focused on the developmental ability of 5, 7, ll, and 19 year olds to use a cognitive strategy to recall a series of eight movements under conditions of randomness, order, or randomness with training to organize. Results are discussed. (Author/MT)
Gallagher, Jere Dee; Thomas, Jerry R.
Most analyses of daily time series epidemiology data relate mortality or morbidity counts to PM and other air pollutants by means of single-outcome regression models using multiple predictors, without taking into account the complex statistical structure of the predictor variable...
Magnetic orientation of four-ball test specimens and the effect on total test time
THE rolling contact four ball test is a standard way of assessing the performance of lubricants in rolling contact1. The test is well established and the effects of load and temperature on the results are well known2,3. However, the effect of the anisotropic fibre structure of the balls is often overlooked despite the work of Anderson and Carter4 and Scott5.
J. B. Jones; G. Pocock
Abstract--This paper describes the application of fuzzy logic to the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) test, a series
for physically impaired older adults. The original scoring system of SPPB test uses crisp time boundaries to evaluate, discriminate, and predict physical functional performance for older adults. It was used to assess performance battery test, Eldercare technology I. INTRODUCTION lder adults are living longer and more
He, Zhihai "Henry"
Estimation of Item Dimensional Measurement Direction Using Conditional Covariance Patterns. Computerized Testing Report. LSAC Research Report Series.
Several nonparametric dimensionality assessment tools have demonstrated the usefulness of item pair conditional covariances as building blocks for investigating multidimensional test structure. Recently, J. Zhang and W. Stout (1999) have related the structural properties of conditional covariances in a generalized compensatory framework to a test…
Bolt, Daniel; Roussos, Louis; Stout, William
Bilingual Accommodations for Limited English Proficient Students on Statewide Reading Tests: Phase 1. State Assessment Series, Minnesota Report 20.
This report shares the initial Phase 1 results from a quantitative and qualitative study examining the feasibility and desirability of offering Minnesota students with limited English proficiency (LEP) a reading test with bilingual test items and answer choices. In considering the use of a native language translation accommodation to the Minnesota…
Liu, Kristin K.; Anderson, Michael E.; Swierzbin, Bonnie; Thurlow, Martha L.
Summary of construction details and test performance of recent series of 1. 8 meter SSC dipoles at BNL
Certain design features of the SSC dipole magnets are evaluated with 1.8-meter models built and tested at BNL. We report the results of recent tests of such magnets relating quench performance and field quality measurements to mechanical design and assembly features such as collar material, collared coil dimensions and fit with the yoke and coil prestress level. 9 figs., 5 tabs.
Goodzeit, C.; Wanderer, P.
An Empirical Bayes Enhancement of Mantel-Haenszel DIF Analysis for Computer-Adaptive Tests. LSAC Research Report Series.
This study investigated the applicability to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) data of a differential item functioning (DIF) analysis that involves an empirical Bayes (EB) enhancement of the popular Mantel Haenszel (MH) DIF analysis method. The computerized Law School Admission Test (LSAT) assumed for this study was similar to that currently…
Zwick, Rebecca; Thayer, Dorothy T.
Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing with Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792): Survival and Behavioral Responses to a Dilution Series of a Mining Effluent in South Africa
. Survival, behavioral early warning responses to, and behavioral effects of a complex effluent from Richards Bay Minerals\\u000a in Natal, South Africa, were studied using rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792) as a biosensor. Three replicates of eight juvenile fish were exposed to a dilution series of the effluent\\u000a (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 75, 100%) and the behavioral pattern
A. Gerhardt
Effects of changes in observational sites position and surrounding urbanisation on the temperature time series of the city of Trento
Results from field measurements and numerical simulations are analysed to evaluate the spatial variability of near-surface temperature in the urban area of Trento in the Alps. The analysis aims at gaining information supporting the reconstruction of the series of temperature observations in the city, the earliest dating back to 1816: a challenging task, due to various relocations of the observatories and the increasing effects of urbanisation. The specifically designed field campaign was carried out from August 2009 to November 2010: five identical temperature sensors were placed at the sites of the historical observatories of Trento, to detect possible systematic differences between these places under various seasonal patterns and weather conditions. However, since differences measured nowadays may not be representative of those occurred in the past, numerical simulations were also run with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, coupled with an advanced urban parameterization scheme, using a historical land use, reproducing early XX century urbanisation. Moreover, to test if the model is suitable to reproduce microclimatic differences in the urban area, simulations including the present land use, high-resolution urban morphology and anthropogenic heat sources were performed and compared against the observations carried out during the field campaign. The validation highlights that the model captures well the thermal field inside the urban area, as well as the average temperature differences between the urban sites, with mean absolute errors of order 1°C and 0.5°C respectively. However it reproduces poorly the variability connected with seasonality and weather conditions. Furthermore it is found that the model simulates well the typical features of the urban heat island, even though urbanisation effects tend to be overestimated. The analysis of the results of the "historical" simulations shows that temperature differences between the observatories more embedded in the urban area have not changed significantly from the past, probably due to similar changes in the surrounding urbanisation, whereas more relevant modifications have occurred at an observatory on the eastern sidewall of the valley, progressively incorporated in the urban area. Finally the comparison between "present" and "historical" simulations suggests that the progressive urbanisation has played a significant role on Trento temperature record in the last century, the effect being more significant under sunny conditions, when the urban heat island is stronger.
Giovannini, Lorenzo; Zardi, Dino; de Franceschi, Massimiliano
Current tests required for pesticide registration under the FIFRA only investigate seedling emergence and early growth. Previous research with sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides has shown that significant impacts can occur to plant reproduction with little or no visible effect on vege...
Effect of supply voltage frequency on testing of insulation system
This paper deals with the effect of supply frequency on partial discharge phenomena. Results of measurements performed on artificial and practical test objects are compared with computer simulations based on physical models. This comparative analysis points out and explains the differences in partial discharge phenomena observed in tests performed at different frequencies (from 0.1 to 300 Hz). The consequences associated
Andrea Cavallini; Gian Carlo Montanari
Effects of simultaneity on testing Granger-causality a cautionary
on testing Granger-causality  a cautionary note about statistical problems and economic misinterpretations1 assumptions  most problems are such of an economic misinterpretation. Section 2 describes simulation designEffects of simultaneity on testing Granger-causality  a cautionary note about statistical problems
Osnabrück, Universität
Modeling canopy transpiration using time series analysis: A case study illustrating the effect of soil moisture deficit on Pinus taeda
Bulk sap flow measurements are widely used to assess and model the hydrological process of canopy transpiration (Ec); however, common analysis techniques of these data do not identify and\\/or incorporate time lag effects, multiple variables affecting canopy transpiration at different temporal scales or thresholds, and interactions of environmental variables. Here, we describe how autoregressive-integrated-moving average (ARIMA) time series models can
Chelcy R. Ford; Carol E. Goranson; Robert J. Mitchell; Rodney E. Will; Robert O. Teskey
Effect of the Botanical Compound LCS101 on Chemotherapy-Induced Symptoms in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Case Series Report
The treatment of breast cancer invariably results in severe and often debilitating symptoms that can cause significant distress and severely impair daily function and quality-of-life (QOL). We treated a series of 20 female breast cancer patients with the botanical compound LCS101 as adjuvant to conventional chemotherapy. At the end of the treatment regimen, patients rated their symptoms. 70% reported that they had either no or mildly severe levels of fatigue; 60% none to mildly severe weakness; 85% none to mildly severe pain; 70% none to mildly severe nausea; and 80% none to mildly severe vomiting. Only 20% reported severe impairment of overall function, and only 40% severely impaired QOL. No toxic effects were attributed by patients to the LCS101 treatment, and 85% reported that they believed the botanical compound had helped reduce symptoms. The effects of LCS101 on clinical outcomes in breast cancer should be tested further using randomized controlled trials. PMID:23400272
Samuels, Noah; Maimon, Yair; Zisk-Rony, Rachel Y.
Effectiveness of Group Interaction on Conceptual Standardized Test Performance
In this article, the author analyzes the effectiveness of working in pairs on the Conceptual Survey of Electricity and Magnetism test in a calculus-based introductory physics course. Students who collaborated with a peer showed significantly larger normalized gain on individual testing after the group work than those who did not collaborate. Peer collaboration also shows evidence for co-construction. We discuss the effect of pairing students with different individual achievements.
Singh, Chandralekha
Dynamics extraction in multivariate biomedical time series.
A nonlinear analysis of the underlying dynamics of a biomedical time series is proposed by means of a multi-dimensional testing of nonlinear Markovian hypotheses in the observed time series. The observed dynamics of the original N-dimensional biomedical time series is tested against a hierarchy of null hypotheses corresponding to N-dimensional nonlinear Markov processes of increasing order, whose conditional probability densities are estimated using neural networks. For each of the N time series, a measure based on higher order cumulants quantifies the independence between the past of the N-dimensional time series, and its value r steps ahead. This cumulant-based measure is used as a discriminating statistic for testing the null hypotheses. Experiments performed on artificial and real world examples, including autoregressive models, noisy chaos, and nonchaotic nonlinear processes, show the effectiveness of the proposed approach in modeling multivariate systems, predicting multidimensional time series, and characterizing the structure of biological systems. Electroencephalogram (EEG) time series and heart rate variability trends are tested as biomedical signal examples. PMID:9742674
Silipo, R; Deco, G; Vergassola, R; Bartsch, H
System size effects and N/Z dependence of balance energy for different isotopic series
We study the N/Z dependence of energy of vanishing flow or balance energy for different isotopic series of various system masses like Ca+Ca, Ni+Ni, Zr+Zr, Sn+Sn and Xe+Xe. We find that balance energy decreases with N/Z of the system and follows a linear behaviour. The slope of N/Z dependence is steeper for lighter systems like Ca+Ca and less for heavier ones like Xe+Xe.
Aman D. Sood; Sakshi Gautam
Clinical trials in dementia: learning effects with repeated testing.
The possible confounding role of learning effects during multiple test administration in clinical trials in demented subjects remains uncertain. Seventeen mildly to severely affected patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 16 controls were evaluated with an extensive neuropsychological battery of manually administered and computerized tests. Subjects received 3 weekly sessions using alternate test forms, to mimic a baseline, placebo, and drug condition. Mean scores of AD patients as a group showed no stable improvement, but more subtle learning effects were suggested by an association of dementia severity and change scores in verbal and visual learning. Controls evidenced consistent learning in 3 of 9 tests. These results suggest that clinical trials data from AD patients, especially those with moderately severe impairment, are not contaminated by learning. Degree of cognitive impairment may be related to learning capacity, suggesting caution for learning effects in controls and possibly in patients with mild AD. PMID:2049365
Claus, J J; Mohr, E; Chase, T N
Testing overall and moderator effects in random effects meta-regression.
Random effects meta-regression is a technique to synthesize results of multiple studies. It allows for a test of an overall effect, as well as for tests of effects of study characteristics, that is, (discrete or continuous) moderator effects. We describe various procedures to test moderator effects: the z, t, likelihood ratio (LR), Bartlett-corrected LR (BcLR), and resampling tests. We compare the Type I error of these tests, and conclude that the common z test, and to a lesser extent the LR test, do not perform well since they may yield Type I error rates appreciably larger than the chosen alpha. The error rate of the resampling test is accurate, closely followed by the BcLR test. The error rate of the t test is less accurate but arguably tolerable. With respect to statistical power, the BcLR and t tests slightly outperform the resampling test. Therefore, our recommendation is to use either the resampling or the BcLR test. If these statistics are unavailable, then the t test should be used since it is certainly superior to the z test. PMID:21506942
Huizenga, Hilde M; Visser, Ingmar; Dolan, Conor V
Time-series analysis of participation in nonresident hunting: the effects of license cost and quantitative fluctuations in supply.
TIME -SERIES ANAI, YSIS OI' PARTICIPATION IN NQiIRESI DEN I. ' HUNTING: Tl-;E EFFECTS OI LICENSE COST ANI3 QUANTITATIVE I LUC fUWTIONS IN SVPPI. Y A lil*sis by ANTHONY PETER MAZZACCARO Subrnittc. d to the Gracluate College of Teresa ARM Unic... in Nonresident Hunting: The Effects of License Cost and Quantitative Fluctuations in Supply. (May 1974) Anthony Peter Mazzaccaro, B. S. , University of Maryland Chairnran of Advisory Committee: Dr. C. S, Van Doren The purpose of this study was to delineate...
Mazzaccaro, Anthony Peter
Radiation effects test facility at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility
The beam line end station, associated instrumentation and dosimetry used at the Indiana University Cyclotron Facility for radiation effects research and testing with up to 200 MeV protons are described. Access to beam for radiation effects studies is greatly enhanced by the capability to share beam with other users on a millisecond time scale. Use of shared beam mandates that
C. C. Foster; S. L. Casey; A. L. Johnson; P. Miesle; N. Sifri; A. H. Skees; K. M. Murray
The Effect of Black Peers on Black Test Scores
Recent studies have used increasingly complex methodologies to estimate the effect of peer characteristics--race, poverty, and ability--on student achievement. A paper by Hanushek, Kain, and Rivkin using Texas state testing data has received particularly wide attention because it found a large negative effect of school percent black on black math…
Armor, David J.; Duck, Stephanie
Major results from safety-related integral effect tests with VISTA-ITL for the SMART design
A series of integral effect tests (IETs) was performed by the Korea Atomic Energy Research Inst. (KAERI) using the VISTA integral test loop (VISTA-ITL) as a small-scale IET program. Among them this paper presents major results acquired from the safety-related IETs with the VISTA-ITL facility for the SMART design. Three small-break loss-of-coolant accident (SBLOCA) tests of safety injection system (SIS) line break, shutdown cooling system (SCS) line break and pressurizer safety valve (PSV) line break were successfully performed and the transient characteristics of a complete loss of flowrate (CLOF) was simulated properly with the VISTA-ITL facility. (authors)
Park, H. S.; Min, B. Y.; Shin, Y. C.; Yi, S. J. [Thermal Hydraulics Safety Research Div., Korea Atomic Energy Research Inst., 1045 Daedeokdaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-353 (Korea, Republic of)
This report presents a new Geographic Information System composite map of the geologic surface effects caused by underground nuclear testing in the Yucca Flat Physiographic Area of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada. The Nevada Test Site (NTS) was established in 1951 as a continental location for testing nuclear devices (Allen and others, 1997, p.3). Originally known as the ''Nevada Proving Ground'', the NTS hosted a total of 928 nuclear detonations, of which 828 were conducted underground (U.S. Department of Energy, 1994). Three principal testing areas of the NTS were used: (1) Yucca Flat, (2) Pahute Mesa, and (3) Rainier Mesa including Aqueduct Mesa. Underground detonations at Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa were typically emplaced in vertical drill holes, while others were tunnel emplacements. Of the three testing areas, Yucca Flat was the most extensively used, hosting 658 underground tests (747 detonations) located at 719 individual sites (Allen and others, 1997, p.3-4). Figure 1 shows the location of Yucca Flat and other testing areas of the NTS. Figure 2 shows the locations of underground nuclear detonation sites at Yucca Flat. Table 1 lists the number of underground nuclear detonations conducted, the number of borehole sites utilized, and the number of detonations mapped for surface effects at Yucca Flat by NTS Operational Area.
Grasso, D.N.
School Policies and the Black-White Test Score Gap. Working Paper Series. SAN08-03
This paper examines school-related policies and strategies that have been proposed or justified, at least in part, on the basis of their potential for reducing black-white test score gaps. These include strategies, one of which is greater integration, to reduce differences in the quality of teachers faced by black and white students; school and…
Ladd, Helen F.
Analytical and experimental analysis of procedures for testing solar domestic hot-water systems. NBS Building Science Series 140
A repeatable test method independent of outdoor environmental conditions and laboratory geographical location is required in order to provide a means by which solar domestic hot water systems may be rated and compared. Three experimental techniques which allow the net thermal output of an irradiated solar collector array to be reproduced indoors without the use of a solar simulator are
A. H. Fanney; W. C. Thomas; C. A. Scarbrough; C. P. Terlizzi
Shots SUGAR and UNCLE, the final tests of the BUSTER-JANGLE Series 19 November29 November 1951. Technical report
This report describes the activities of DOD military and civilian personnel in the final two events of Operation BUSTER-JANGLE, Shots SUGAR and UNCLE, conducted on 19 November and 29 November 1951. DOD personnel participated in the scientific projects conducted by the test units and in Exercises Desert Rock II and III. Radiological safety criteria and procedures were established and implemented
J. Ponton; S. Rohrer; C. Maag; J. Massie
A Proposal to Field Test a Supervised Occupational Experience Manual [and] Program Manual. Research Series No. 16.
A program manual for supervised occupational experience programs in vocational agribusiness and natural resources was prepared to set down guidelines and policy for the program at Dickinson Area Vocational High School, North Dakota. Because of the new concept initiated by the policy statement, it was decided to field test the manual in six other…
Roemmich, Dale L.
Estimating Item Parameters from Classical Indices for Item Pool Development with a Computerized Classification Test. ACT Research Report Series.
Item pools supporting computer-based tests are not always completely calibrated. Occasionally, only a small subset of the items in the pool may have actual calibrations, while the remainder of the items may only have classical item statistics, (e.g., "p"-values, point-biserial correlation coefficients, or biserial correlation coefficients).…
Huang, Chi-Yu; Kalohn, John C.; Lin, Chuan-Ju; Spray, Judith
Bootstrapping time series models
This paper surveys recent development in bootstrap methods and the modifications needed for their applicability in time series models. The paper discusses some guidelines for empirical researchers in econometric analysis of time series. Different sampling schemes for bootstrap data generation and different forms of bootstrap test statistics are discussed. The paper also discusses the applicability of direct bootstrapping of data
G. S. Hongyi Li; G. S. Maddala
Using Response-Time Constraints in Item Selection To Control for Differential Speededness in Computerized Adaptive Testing. LSAC Research Report Series.
This paper proposes an item selection algorithm that can be used to neutralize the effect of time limits in computer adaptive testing. The method is based on a statistical model for the response-time distributions of the test takers on the items in the pool that is updated each time a new item has been administered. Predictions from the model are…
van der Linden, Wim J.; Scrams, David J.; Schnipke, Deborah L.
Radiation thermometer size-of-source effect testing using aperture
Size-of-source effect is an important attribute of any radiation thermometer. The effects of this attribute may be quantified in a number of different ways to include field-of-view, distance ratio, or size-of-source effect. These parameters provide needed information for the user of a radiation thermometer, as they aid in determining whether the measured object is large enough for adequate radiation thermometry measurement. Just as important, these parameters provide needed information for calibration. This information helps to determine calibration geometry, and it is needed for calibration uncertainty determination. For determination of size-of-source effect, there are a limited number of test methods furnished by the standards available today. The test methods available may be cumbersome to perform due to the cost of the required equipment and the time needed to set-up and perform the test. Other methods have been proposed. This paper discusses one such method. This method uses a circular aperture such as that used in radiation thermometer calibration. It describes the method both theoretically and mechanically. It then discusses testing done to verify this method comparing the results to those obtained while performing steps in current standards. Finally, based on this testing, the basis for a new standard test method is presented.
Liebmann, F.; Kolat, T. [Fluke Corporation, 799 E Utah Valley Dr., American Fork, Utah, USA, 84003 (United States)] [Fluke Corporation, 799 E Utah Valley Dr., American Fork, Utah, USA, 84003 (United States)
Liebmann, F.; Kolat, T.
Effects of reinforcement on standardized test performance1
The effects of two different motivational conditions upon standardized test performance were explored for two student populations. The first study involving 12 trainable retardates showed a significant increase in score on the Metropolitan Readiness Test given under reinforcement conditions when these results were compared with scores taken under standard testing conditions. In a second study, these same results were obtained with a group of 30 normal fourth-graders. An additional study was conducted to determine the effect of different experiences with token reinforcement procedures on test performance. It was found that a group of children with six weeks' exposure to reinforcement for daily academic performance scored higher under both conditions of test administration (standard and reinforcement) than a control group. However, in a single exposure to token reinforcement for correct performance on the Metropolitan Test, both the experimental group and its match control showed a parallel increase in test performance. These findings offer a procedure that yields a more representative assessment of a student's academic achievement than does testing under standard conditions. PMID:16795371
Ayllon, Teodoro; Kelly, Kathy
Effective multifractal features and l-variability diagrams of high-frequency price fluctuations time series
In this manuscript we present a comprehensive study on the multifractal properties of high-frequency price fluctuations and instantaneous volatility of the equities that compose Dow Jones Industrial Average. The analysis consists about quantification of dependence and non-Gaussianity on the multifractal character of financial quantities. Our results point out an equivalent influence of dependence and non-Gaussianity on the multifractality of time series. Moreover, we analyse l-diagrams of price fluctuations. In the latter case, we show that the fractal dimension of these maps is basically independent of the lag between price fluctuations that we assume.
de Souza, Jeferson
The results obtained from laboratory experiments conducted using Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) subpart WWWW of 40\\u000a Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) part 63 (1)-test method are discussed in this article. The original test method was developed\\u000a to measure the effectiveness of wax suppressants used to reduce hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from unsaturated polyester\\u000a (UP)\\/vinyl ester resins. Wax additions of
Test–retest reliability and practice effects of Expanded Halstead–Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery
Test-retest reliabilities and practice effects of a broad range of neuropsychological measures were examined in 384 normal or neurologically stable adults. Median test-retest interval was 11 months (range 3-16 months). The reliability estimates for most of the measures are reasonably good, ranging from .70 to low .90s. An exception is the relatively poor reliabilities of most memory measures. For all
Experimental and Structural Testing Module to Analyze Paralogue-Specificity and Affinity in the Hsp90 Inhibitors Series
We here describe the first reported comprehensive analysis of Hsp90 paralogue affinity and selectivity in the clinical Hsp90 inhibitor chemotypes. This has been possible through the development of a versatile experimental assay based on a new FP-probe (16a) that we both describe here. The assay can test rapidly and accurately the binding affinity of all major Hsp90 chemotypes and has a testing range that spans low nanomolar to millimolar binding affinities. We couple this assay with a computational analysis that allows for rationalization of paralogue selectivity and defines not only the major binding modes that relay pan-paralogue binding or, conversely, paralogue selectivity, but also identifies molecular characteristics that impart such features. The methods developed here provide a blueprint for parsing out the contribution of the four Hsp90 paralogues to the perceived biological activity with the current Hsp90 chemotypes and set the ground for the development of paralogue selective inhibitors. PMID:23965125
Taldone, Tony; Patel, Pallav D.; Patel, Maulik; Patel, Hardik J.; Evans, Christopher E.; Rodina, Anna; Ochiana, Stefan; Shah, Smit K.; Uddin, Mohammad; Gewirth, Daniel; Chiosis, Gabriela
Series tests of fine mesh photomultiplier tubes in magnetic fields of up to 1.2 Tesla
The new lead\\/scintillating-fibre calorimeter ("SpaCal") for the backward region of the H1 experiment at HERA (DESY) is equipped with fine mesh phototubes which operate in a magnetic field close to 1 T. A large sample of these tubes of the types Hamamatsu R5505 and R5506, and Hamamatsu R2490-05, have been tested in fields of up to 1.2T. We have investigated
R.-D. Appuhn; C. Arndt; E. Barrelet; R. Barschke; U. Bassler; T. Bipp; V. Boudry; F. Brasse; D. Bruncko; R. Buchholz; S. Chechelnitski; B. Claxton; G. Cozzika; J. Cvach; S. Dagoret-Campagne; W. D. Dau; H. Deckers; T. Deckers; F. Descamps; M. Dirkmann; J. Dowdell; V. Efremenko; E. Eisenhandler; A. N. Eliseev; G. Falley; J. Ferencei; M. Fleischer; B. Fominykh; K. Gadow; U. Goerlach; L. A. Gorbov; I. Gorelov; M. Grewe; L. Hajduk; A. Heck; I. Herynek; J. Hladký; M. Hütte; H. Hutter; W. Janczur; J. Janoth; L. Jönsson; H. Kolanoski; V. Korbel; F. Kriván; D. Lacour; B. Laforge; F. Lamarche; M. P. J. Landon; J.-F. Laporte; F. Lehner; R. Maracek; K. Meier; A. Meyer; A. Migliori; F. Moreau; G. Müller; P. Murín; V. Nagovizin; T. C. Nicholls; D. Ozerov; E. Perez; J. P. Pharabod; R. Pöschl; A. Rostovtsev; C. Royon; K. Rybicki; R. Schediwy; S. Schleif; K. Schmitt; A. Schuhmacher; A. Semenov; V. Shekelyan; Y. Sirois; P. A. Smirnov; V. Solochenko; J. Špalek; S. Spielmann; H. Steiner; A. Stellberger; J. Stiewe; M. Tasevský; V. Tchernyshov; K. Thiele; E. Tzamariudaki; S. Valkár; D. Vandenplas; G. Villet; K. Wacker; A. Walther; M. Weber; D. Wegener; T. Wenk; J. Žá?ek; A. Zhokin; K. Zuber
Test and evaluation of the Argonne BPAC10 Series air chamber calorimeter designed for 20 minute measurements
This paper is the final report on DOE-OSS Task ANLE88002 Fast Air Chamber Calorimetry.'' The task objective was to design, construct, and test an isothermal air chamber calorimeter for plutonium assay of bulk samples that would meet the following requirements for sample power measurement: average sample measurement time less than 20 minutes. Measurement of samples with power output up to 10 W. Precision of better than 1% RSD for sample power greater than 1 W. Precision better than 0.010 watt SD, for sample power less than 1 W. This report gives a description of the calorimeter hardware and software and discusses the test results. The instrument operating procedure, included as an appendix, gives examples of typical input/output and explains the menu driven software. Sample measurement time of less than 20 minutes was attained by pre-equilibration of the samples in low cost precision preheaters and by prediction of equilibrium measurements. Tests at the TA55 Plutonium Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory, on typical samples, indicates that the instrument meets all the measurement requirements.
Perry, R.B.; Fiarman, S.; Jung, E.A. (Argonne National Lab., IL (USA)); Cremers, T. (Los Alamos National Lab., NM (USA))
V/STOL and STOL ground effects and testing techniques
The ground effects associated with V/STOL operation were examined and an effort was made to develop the equipment and testing techniques needed for that understanding. Primary emphasis was on future experimental programs in the 40 x 80 and the 80 x 120 foot test sections and in the outdoor static test stand associated with these facilities. The commonly used experimental techniques are reviewed and data obtained by various techniques are compared with each other and with available estimating methods. These reviews and comparisons provide insight into the limitations of past studies and the testing techniques used and identify areas where additional work is needed. The understanding of the flow mechanics involved in hovering and in transition in and out of ground effect is discussed. The basic flow fields associated with hovering, transition and STOL operation of jet powered V/STOL aircraft are depicted.
Kuhn, R. E.
The Effect of Background Music on Reading Comprehension Test Scores
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of background music on reading comprehension. Would the playing of background music positively affect the scores on a reading comprehension test?\\u000aA statistical analysis of pretest scores from the Degree of Reading Power test revealed that both classes were of equal reading ability at the onset of the study.\\u000aThe
Ann S. DeMers
Recent developments of time series analysis in environmental impact studies
Time series analysis, particularly intervention analysis, is commonly employed in impact studies of environmental data. Environmental time series are susceptible to exogenous variations and often contain various types of outliers. Outliers, depending upon the time of their occurrences and nature, can have substantial impact on the estimates of intervention effects and their test statistics. Hence, outlier detection and adjustment should
Chung Chen
Effects of temperature and oxygen concentration in sediment toxicity testing.
Joint effects of temperature and oxygen concentrations for the results of sediment toxicity tests were studied at 10 and 20 degrees C with 40% and 80% dissolved oxygen (DO) saturation. Growth, feeding rate, and reproduction of Lumbriculus variegatus (Oligochaete) and growth, emergence, and survival of Chironomus riparius (Diptera) were tested in a polluted and in a reference sediment. Both the feeding of L. variegatus and the emergence of C. riparius were significantly retarded at low temperature. Additionally, differences in the sex ratio of the emerged adults of C. riparius were observed. The oxygen concentration alone did not have any significant effect on the endpoints, but significant combined effects of polluted sediment and low DO were observed on the biomass of L. variegatus. The standard sediment toxicity tests might offer only limited data for risk assessment of contaminated sediments at sites where the actual conditions largely differ from the laboratory conditions. PMID:18061670
Airas, Sari; Leppänen, Matti; Kukkonen, Jussi V K
As part of a verification test program for seismic analysis computer codes for Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) structures, the Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation (NUPEC) of Japan has conducted a series of field model tests to address the dynamic cross interaction (DCI) effect on the seismic response of NPP structures built in close proximity to each other. The program provided field data to study the methodologies commonly associated with seismic analyses considering the DCI effect. As part of a collaborative program between the United States and Japan on seismic issues related to NPP applications, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission sponsored a program at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to perform independent seismic analyses which applied common analysis procedures to predict the building response to recorded earthquake events for the test models with DCI effect. In this study, two large-scale DCI test model configurations were analyzed: (1) twin reactor buildings in close proximity and (2) adjacent reactor and turbine buildings. This paper describes the NUPEC DCI test models, the BNL analysis using the SASSI 2000 program, and comparisons between the BNL analysis results and recorded field responses. To account for large variability in the soil properties, the conventional approach of computing seismic responses with the mean, mean plus and minus one-standard deviation soil profiles is adopted in the BNL analysis and the three sets of analysis results were used in the comparisons with the test data. A discussion is also provided in the paper to address (1) the capability of the analysis methods to capture the DCI effect, and (2) the conservatism of the practice for considering soil variability in seismic response analysis for adjacent NPP structures.
A series of low-altitude aerial radiological surveys of selected regions within Areas 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 18, and 25 at the Nevada Test Site
A series of low-altitude, aerial radiological surveys of selected regions within Areas 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 18,and 25 of the Nevada Test Site was conducted from December 1996 through June 1999. The surveys were conducted for the US Department of Energy by the Remote Sensing Laboratory, located in Las Vegas, Nevada, and maintained and operated by Bechtel Nevada. The flights were conducted at a nominal altitude of 15 meters above ground level along a set of parallel flight lines spaced 23 meters apart. The purpose of these low-altitude surveys was to measure, map, and define the areas of americium-241 activity. The americium contamination will be used to determine the areas of plutonium contamination. Americium-241 activity was detected within 8 of the 11 regions. The three regions where americium-241 was not detected were in the inactive Nuclear Rocket Development Station complex in Area 25, which encompassed the Test Cell A and Test Cell C reactor test stands and the Reactor Maintenance Assembly and Disassembly facility.
Colton, D.P.
Conformational and Substitution Effects on the Electron Distribution in a Series of Anthocyanidins
Density functional theory (DFT) and polarizable continuum solvation model (PCM) calculations have been applied to the study of the acid/base and prototropic equilibria of anthocyanidins. The results indicate that, excluding pelargonidin, the most favored neutral tautomers in solution are deprotonated at C4'. With the same exception, deprotonations at C5 and C4' characterize the most stable anionic tautomers in solution. The equilibrium population of tautomers is mainly modified along the series by the substitution pattern on the B-ring. Electron densities, analyzed within the formalism of the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), indicate that the electron distribution of cations, neutral forms, and anions is not well described by the Lewis structures usually employed to represent them.
Estévez, Laura; Mosquera, Ricardo A.
Acute and subacute effects of urban air pollution on cardiopulmonary emergencies and mortality: time series studies in Austrian cities.
Daily pollution data (collected in Graz over 16 years and in the Linz over 18 years) were used for time series studies (GAM and case-crossover) on the relationship with daily mortality (overall and specific causes of death). Diagnoses of patients who had been transported to hospitals in Linz were also available on a daily basis from eight years for time series analyses of cardiopulmonary emergencies. Increases in air pollutant levels over several days were followed by increases in mortality and the observed effects increased with the length of the exposure window considered, up to a maximum of 15 days. These mortality changes in Graz and Linz showed similar patterns like the ones found before in Vienna. A significant association of mortality could be demonstrated with NO2, PM2.5 and PM10 even in summer, when concentrations are lower and mainly related to motor traffic. Cardiorespiratory ambulance transports increased with NO2/PM2.5/PM10 by 2.0/6.1/1.7% per 10 µg/mł on the same day. Monitoring of NO2 (related to motor traffic) and fine particulates at urban background stations predicts acute effects on cardiopulmonary emergencies and extended effects on cardiopulmonary mortality. Both components of urban air pollution are indicators of acute cardiopulmonary health risks, which need to be monitored and reduced, even below current standards. PMID:24157504
Neuberger, Manfred; Moshammer, Hanns; Rabczenko, Daniel
Improving Effectiveness of Automated Software Testing in the Absence of Specifications
Improving Effectiveness of Automated Software Testing in the Absence of Specifications Tao Xie Program specifications can be valuable in improving the effectiveness of automated software testing in generating test inputs and checking test executions for correctness. Un- fortunately, specifications
Xie, Tao
Your Quick and Easy Guide to the UF Pro3 Series! Effective February 1, 2014 There are three certifications available under the university's Pro3 Series: Fiscal Management, HR/Payroll Management,
Your Quick and Easy Guide to the UF Pro3 Series! Effective February 1, 2014 There are three in the Workplace PRO307 Problem Solving in the Workplace PRO307 Problem Solving in the Workplace SCS060 Business Communication courses: BCC010 Communication Confidence BCC020 Now Hear This: Listening
Pilyugin, Sergei S.
Effects of Targeted Test Preparation on Scores of Two Tests of Oral English as a Second Language
This study investigated the effect of targeted test preparation, or coaching, on oral English as a second language test scores. The tests in question were the Basic English Skills Test Plus (BEST Plus), a scripted oral interview published by the Center for Applied Linguistics, and the Versant English Test (VET), a computer-administered and…
Farnsworth, Tim
Test Report: Direct and Indirect Lightning Effects on Composite Materials
Lightning tests were performed on composite materials as a part of an investigation of electromagnetic effects on the materials. Samples were subjected to direct and remote simulated lightning strikes. Samples included various thicknesses of graphite filament reinforced plastic (GFRP), material enhanced by expanded aluminum foil layers, and material with an aluminum honeycomb core. Shielding properties of the material and damage to the sample surfaces and joints were investigated. Adding expanded aluminum foil layers and increasing the thickness of GFRP improves the shielding effectiveness against lightning induced fields and the ability to withstand lightning strikes. A report describing the lightning strike tests performed by the U.S. Army Redstone Technical Test Center, Redstone Arsenal, AL, STERT-TE-E-EM, is included as an appendix.
Evans, R. W.
77 FR 72868 - Compliance Guidance for Small Business Entities on Labeling and Effectiveness Testing; Sunscreen...
...effectiveness testing consists of a sun protection factor (SPF) Test and a Broad Spectrum (ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) protection) Test. In addition, a test demonstrating water resistance that accompanies the SPF Test to ensure retention...
Neurobehavioral Effects of Space Radiation on Psychomotor Vigilance Tests
Neurobehavioral Effects of Space Radiation on Psychomotor Vigilance Tests INTRODUCTION Risk assessment of the biological consequences of living in the space radiation environment represents one of the highest priority areas of NASA radiation research. Of critical importance is the need for a risk assessment of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) leading to functional cognitive\\/behavioral changes during long-term space
Robert Hienz; Catherine Davis; Michael Weed; Peter Guida; Virginia Gooden; Joseph Brady; Peter Roma
Effects of Mozart music on specific mathematical testing
For many students, mathematical testing proves to be a challenge. Some students struggle to understand mathematical concepts. Some of these feel that they can grasp other subjects in a firmer way. However, performing mathematical equations while listening to music may playa critical role in student performance. Different types of music are known for their calming effect and enhancement of focusing
Valerie Elizabeth Perciante
BATTERY POWERED COST EFFECTIVE TDS LOGGER INTENDED FOR WATER TESTING I. A. IVAN1,2 , V. STIHI1 , M of drinkable, surface (lakes, rivers) and/or industrial waters. Providing a first reading of potential water of Targoviste city water utility. Key words: water quality, conductivity-meter, TDS, microcontroller. 1
Advances in Testing the Statistical Significance of Mediation Effects
P. A. Frazier, A. P. Tix, and K. E. Barron (2004) highlighted a normal theory method popularized by R. M. Baron and D. A. Kenny (1986) for testing the statistical significance of indirect effects (i.e., mediator variables) in multiple regression contexts. However, simulation studies suggest that this method lacks statistical power relative to some…
Mallinckrodt, Brent; Abraham, W. Todd; Wei, Meifen; Russell, Daniel W.
The study was designed to determine the effect of using two different ages of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) adults within the first breeding season on reproductive tests under standard Toxic Substances Control Act avian reproductive guidelines. The adult age groups were 7 and 11 m...
Testing Belbin's Team Role Theory of Effective Groups.
Belbin's theory that teams with a wide range of roles are more effective than those with role imbalance was tested with six teams composed of individuals with homogenous roles and six with mixed roles. Mixed teams performed better on team tasks. (SK)
Prichard, Jane S.; Stanton, Neville A.
Test of a Contingency Model of Teacher Effectiveness.
The basic theory that the teacher style required for effective learning in the classroom is contingent on the favorableness of the group situation was tested in a controlled experiment. Eight groups of eighth-grade boys were assigned to two teachers, four groups for each. Two hypotheses were under examination: (1) A task-oriented teacher will be…
Reavis, Charles A.; Derlega, Valerian J.
[Basic evaluation of BACTEC MGIT 960 Series for drug susceptibility testing of antimicrobial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis].
This time, we compared conventional method Well pack P (the proportion method on Ogawa egg medium) with automated instrument BACTEC MGIT 960 AST system for Mycobacterium tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing. Fifty-three M. tuberculosis stock strains were used. Concordance rates between the two methods were SM: 94.3%; INH: 100%; RFP: 100%; and EB: 90.5%. All 23 drug-susceptible strains corresponded to four drugs. Discrepant results were observed in six of 30 drug-resistant strain. The mean times for results from the MGIT 960 AST system was 8.7 days. On the other hand, with Well pack P, growth of drug resistant strains was slow, and it was still difficult to judge four weeks later. Although the MGIT 960 AST system has problems, such as its high cost of labor and reagents, and the confirmation of contamination, because it is an automatic instrument, there are no discrepancies due to different technician techniques. The MGIT 960 AST system was found to be a rapid and excellent method. PMID:15962580
Furuhata, Yukie; Kikuchi, Yuji; Tazawa, Yoko; Okada, Jun; Takei, Katsuaki; Shimojima, Masahiro
Effect of dc testing on extruded cross-linked polyethylene insulated cables
This project was initiated to investigate the effect of dc testing on extruded crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE) insulated cables. A series of experiments were conducted in the laboratory, where the samples were aged under accelerated conditions of 60 Hz, 150 v/mil, nominal 90[degree]C conductor temperature load cycled daily, with tap water in the conductor strands and outside of the sample. DC test voltages at the factory level (70 kV), at the field proof level (55 kV), and the maintenance level (40 kV) were employed. The effect of dc testing on unaged and aged cables was studied using ac breakdown strength measured periodically and time to failure as criteria for life. The test program also encompassed aged and new cables spliced together. The effect of dc on such systems was investigated. Application of dc factory, proof and maintenance testing did not affect the ac breakdown strength. DC acceptance (maintenance level of 40 kV for 15 minutes) testing of aged XLPE insulated cables reduces its remaining life. DC voltage testing at 40 kV of XLPE cable that failed during ac aging reduces its remaining life, when subjected further to ac voltage after splicing with a new cable section. Statistical analysis of the data revealed a probable existence of an inflection point in the aging time, beyond which cables subjected to multiple dc voltage applications during aging start to fail at an increased rate. DC testing of new cable at factory level (70 kV) does not cause any reduction in its service life. Water tree growth appears to increase upon dc testing. Recommendations are made to operating utility companies not to do dc acceptance (proof or maintenance) testing at 40 kV on XLPE insulated cables, failed once in service and then spliced. DC testing can be done at 55 kV in the field on a new cable prior to energizing when there is no aged cable spliced in the system.
Srinivas, N.N. (Detroit Edison Co., MI (United States)); Duffy, E.K.; Starrett, W. (Essex Cable Co., Lafayette, IN (United States))
OHMSETT (Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank) test series 77: Global Oil Recovery Skimmer, Veegarm Skimming Arm, Kebab 600, Wylie Skimmer and the Skim-Pak Cluster. Final report Jan 80-Jun 81
This report covers the performance testing of five oil spill recovery devices at the Oil and Hazardous Materials Simulated Environmental Test Tank in Leonardo, New Jersey. The GOR Skimmer was tow tested in harbor chops, regular waves, and calm water at tow speeds through 2 knots to determine the effectiveness of modifications made to the device since it was last tested. The performance was consistently lower after the modifications in all conditions. The Hydrovac Veegarm was the most exhaustively tested skimmer in this program.
Borst, M.
Effect of landslides and debris flow deposits in gravity time series
From 2006 to 2010, yearly gravity times series surveys were conducted across southern Taiwan in order to monitor mass transfers and ground deformations in this active tectonics area. In Taiwan, the main reasons for gravity variations are the redistribution of local groundwater and vertical ground motions sustained by summer wet/winter dry conditions and tectonic forces, respectively. However, early August 2009, Morakot typhoon hit the island and triggered numerous landslides and debris lows. Every year' typhoons make landfall in Taiwan but Morakot was the strongest since 50 years. Large volumes of materials were removed from the central range slopes and were redistributed in the valleys. The amplitude of the gravity changes measured after Morakot, at sites located nearby landslides or deposits areas, cannot be explained by local water redistribution or vertical motions of the ground. Therefore, we suggested that large gravity changes correspond to the transfer of materials eroded by the typhoon. This hypothesis is also favoured by a correlation between the topography around the measurement site and the gravity variation; gravity decreased (i.e. loss of mass below the measurement site) in sloping areas and increased (gain of mass) in flat areas. Coupling gravity results, aerial images analysis and field obsevations we estimated the thickness of the debris flow deposits and landslides. Because this use of temporal gravimetry was unexpected, we propose some survey improvements in order to better quantify such mass transfers.
Mouyen, M.; Masson, F.; Hwang, C.; Cheng, C.; Le Moigne, N.; Lee, J.; Kao, R.; Hsieh, W.
Measuring effects of refractive surgery on corneas using Taylor series polynomials
Corneal topographers have made it possible to accurately map corneal shape. We applied this technology to model the post- refractive surgery cornea using Taylor series polynomials. Topography data was taken from 58 patient eyes with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or astigmatic photorefractive keratectomy (PARK). We looked at the changes the cornea underwent surgically, as well as the healing process. We compared the post-ablation cornea to the pre-ablation cornea and to the intended correction using novel topography maps. From the refractive map, we quantified the spherical aberration as areas of defocus on the cornea. From the pre-op exam to the first post-op exam, we measured 0.19+/-0.10 mm radius decrease in PRK and a 0.13+/-0.08 mm radius decrease in PARK in the areas where rays come to within two diopeters of defocus. As this change occurs within the optical zone, this corresponds to an increase in spherical aberration for both the PRK and the PARK patient. As the patient healed, we found additional decrease in radius of the zones of best vision in PRK patients, whereas we found no significant decrease in PARK patients. This corresponds to increased spherical aberration in the PRK patient.
Corbin, Jacob A.; Klein, Stanley A.; van de Pol, Corina
Threshold effects in positron scattering from isoelectronic series of atoms and molecules
The observation of features, often referred to as "Wigner cusps" in a scattering cross section at the opening of a new scattering channel has been widely reported in electron scattering, and has been attributed to strong coupling between the two scattering channels. Recently a series of cusps were observed in positron scattering from the noble gases [A. C. L. Jones et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 073201 (2010), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.073201]. In this case, the strong opening of the positronium formation cross section resulted in a cusplike feature, or bump, in the total elastic scattering cross section. The positronium formation channel is typically the largest partial scattering cross section in the region of the electronic excitation and ionization thresholds in most atoms and molecules, and it is plausible that similar features may exist in other atomic and molecular species. We have undertaken measurements of the isoelectronic targets of helium—H2, and neon—H2O, NH3, and CH4, in an effort to better understand the mechanisms leading to these threshold features.
Machacek, J. R.; Buckman, S. J.; Sullivan, J. P.
Manual on Cost-Effectiveness of Training Modalities in Population Education. Population Education Programme Service Series.
This manual is the result of a regional training workshop on the cost-effectiveness of different training strategies in population education by Unesco in Kathmandu, Nepal, June 1-8, 1987. The purpose of the manual is to enable project staff to initiate studies to determine cost-effective training strategies in population growth control education.…
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.
PERC Handbook (Program Effectiveness and Related Costs). Empire State College Research Series.
This handbook is a "how to do it" set of definitions, instruments, and procedures based on program effectiveness and related costs (PERC) evaluation at Empire State College (Saratoga Springs, New York) and four other cooperating institutions. The handbook focuses first on program effectiveness and then considers program costs. It utilizes a…
Palola, Ernest G.; And Others
Reversal of the Hofmeister Series: Specific Ion Effects on Peptides Jana Paterova,
. Rembert,,# Jan Heyda,§ Yadagiri Kurra, Halil I. Okur,,# Wenshe R. Liu, Christian Hilty, Paul S. Cremer role in ion-specific effects. The present study thus provides a molecular rationalization of Hofmeister-range kosmotropic effects in water.8,9 Second, the usual ordering of ions according to their ability to salt
Time-series analysis of ion and isotope geochemistry of selected springs of the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada
The temporal variations of ion and isotope geochemistry were observed at six selected springs on the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada and included: Cane, Whiterock, Captain Jack, Topopah, Tippipah, and Oak Springs. The sites were monitored from 1980 to 1982 and the following parameters were measured: temperature, pH, electrical conductance, discharge, cations (Ca{sup 2+}, Mg{sup 2+}. Na{sup +}, K{sup +}), anions Cl{sup {minus}}, SO{sub 4}{sup 2{minus}}. HCO{sub 3}{sup {minus}}, silica, stable isotopes ({delta}{sup 18}O, {delta}D, {delta}{sup 13}C), and radioactive isotopes ({sup 3}H, {sup 14}C). A more detailed study was continued from 1982 to 1988 at Cane and Whiterock Springs. Field microloggers were installed at these sites in 1985 to measure the high frequency response of temperature, electrical conductance, and discharge to local precipitation. Stage fluctuations near the discharge point dissolve minerals/salts as groundwater inundates the mineralized zone immediately above the equilibrium water table. This phenomena was most noticeable at Whiterock Spring and lagged the discharge response by several hours. Stable isotope analysis of precipitation and groundwater suggests a 1.5 to 2 month travel time for meteoric water to migrate from the recharge area to the discharge point. Groundwater age determinations suggest a mean age of approximately 30 years at Whiterock Spring and possibly older at Cane Spring. However, the short travel time and geochemical integrity of recharge pulses suggest that the waters are poorly mixed along the flow paths. 25 refs., 25 figs., 24 tabs.
Lyles, B.F.; Edkins, J.; Jacobson, R.L.; Hess, J.W.
A linear theory of slug tests with annular effects
SummaryWe derive a closed form theory of water level fluctuations caused by slug tests in a well with an annulus that extends to the piezometric surface. This hydraulics can be created by small diameter slug test equipment in a large diameter well, with an annulus established by borehole casing and the riser pipe of the equipment. The conservation of mass equation couples aquifer hydraulics, core hydraulics inside the riser pipe (which include inertia), and annular hydraulics outside the riser pipe (which include inertia and linear friction). The linear friction is needed to attenuate oscillations between the core and annulus, which would otherwise persist indefinitely after damping of aquifer discharge. A characteristic velocity is adopted for the annular friction, so that aquifer permeability is the sole calibration parameter. We calibrate the theory with overdamped and underdamped experiments run in a limestone aquifer at the Hydrogeological Experimental Site of Poitiers in France by Audouin, O., Bodin, J. 2007. Analysis of slug tests with high frequency oscillations. Journal of Hydrology 334, 282-289. The data and analytical theory yield plausible, accurate permeability estimates of 4.1 × 10 -12 and 1.7 × 10 -11 m 2. Portable, small diameter slug testing devices may accordingly be used in permanent, large diameter cased boreholes to estimate aquifer permeability, although the annular effects can obscure aquifer hydraulics. The annular effects may also occur in slug tests on wells with skins, bypasses, and packers, although different boundary and matching conditions would be needed to model this hydraulics.
Ostendorf, David W.; Zlotnik, Vitaly A.; DeGroot, Don J.
Effects of load on wingate test performances and reliability.
Jaafar, H, Rouis, M, Coudrat, L, Attiogbé, E, Vandewalle, H, and Driss, T. Effects of load on Wingate test performances and reliability. J Strength Cond Res 28(12): 3462-3468, 2014-The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of 2 braking forces (8.7 and 11% of body mass, BM) on Wingate test performance, peak lactate ([La]pk), peak heart rate (HRpk), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE). Sixteen male physical education students (age: 22.7 ± 1.3 years, height: 1.81 ± 0.07 m, BM: 74.3 ± 9.6 kg) performed, in a randomized order, 2 Wingate tests at 8.7% BM and 2 Wingate tests at 11% BM on a Monark cycle ergometer on 4 separate sessions. The results showed that the reliability level of mechanical measures was not affected by the braking force and was relatively similar for each variable in both braking forces (0.886 < ICC < 0.985). In addition, peak power, mean power, fatigue slope, and RPE were significantly higher (8.2, 7.0, 11.9, and 4.1%, respectively, all < 0.05) using a braking force of 11% BM compared with 8.7% BM, whereas there was no significant effect of braking force on [La]pk and HRpk. In conclusion, the results of this study suggested that the reliability of the Wingate test does not depend on the used load, and a braking force of 11% BM is more optimal for power output during Wingate test in active adults. PMID:24936901
Jaafar, Hamdi; Rouis, Majdi; Coudrat, Laure; Attiogbé, Elvis; Vandewalle, Henry; Driss, Tarak
PUMA-PCCS separate effect tests and RELAP5 code evaluation in PUMA
One of the key areas in the design of advanced nuclear reactors is to develop a reliable Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS). The purpose of the current work is to better understand the condensation phenomena in PCCS for the downward co-current flow of a steam/air mixture through condenser tube bundles during the three PCCS operational modes, namely the bypass mode, the cyclic venting mode and the long-term cooling mode. A series of unique separate-effect PCCS test data were obtained for condensation heat transfer in the PCCS heat exchangers of the PUMA (Purdue University Multidimensional Integral Test Assembly) facility under a task sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Test conditions includes bypass mode, cyclic venting mode and long term mode, covering a wide range of Loss of Coolant Accident(LOCA) conditions with a parameters of pressure, mass flow rate, noncondensable(NC) gases, and PCCS pool water level. The parametric effect studies and a further validation of the PUMA-PCCS separate effect test data were performed. The evaluation of a best estimate system code (RELAP5/MOD3.3) was performed by using unique PUMA-PCCS separate effects data and PUMA-Main Steam Line Break (MSLB) integral test (1998). Through a sensitivity studies of nodalization method and physical models on the MSLB test simulations, deficiencies in RELAP5/MOD3.3 code were found as follows: (1) over prediction of heat removal rate by condensation models, (2) overestimation of SP heat transfer through the horizontal venting line and thermal stratification distortion, (3) underestimation of NC gas effects in PCCS by the distortion of cyclic venting phenomena and (4) overestimation of the DW and SP wall condensation. The improvement for the code calculation predictions could be obtained by removing the RELAP5/MOD3.3 code deficient factors in the PUMA MSLB integral test simulation. The unique PCCS NC gas venting visualizations were obtained according to various PCCS inlet NC gas conditions. Through the local control volume analysis on the NC gas venting phenomena, the NC gas mass flow rate was obtained in the long term mode and the cyclic venting effects on the PCCS heat removal rate were analyzed. In addition, the estimation of mass and energy transfer through PCCS cyclic venting phenomena was studied by using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) code simulation (FLUENT).
Choi, Sung Won
Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal
Linear mixed-effects models (LMEMs) have become increasingly prominent in psycholinguistics and related areas. However, many researchers do not seem to appreciate how random effects structures affect the generalizability of an analysis. Here, we argue that researchers using LMEMs for confirmatory hypothesis testing should minimally adhere to the standards that have been in place for many decades. Through theoretical arguments and Monte Carlo simulation, we show that LMEMs generalize best when they include the maximal random effects structure justified by the design. The generalization performance of LMEMs including data-driven random effects structures strongly depends upon modeling criteria and sample size, yielding reasonable results on moderately-sized samples when conservative criteria are used, but with little or no power advantage over maximal models. Finally, random-intercepts-only LMEMs used on within-subjects and/or within-items data from populations where subjects and/or items vary in their sensitivity to experimental manipulations always generalize worse than separate F1 and F2 tests, and in many cases, even worse than F1 alone. Maximal LMEMs should be the 'gold standard' for confirmatory hypothesis testing in psycholinguistics and beyond. PMID:24403724
Barr, Dale J.; Levy, Roger; Scheepers, Christoph; Tily, Harry J.
The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) program: A unique series of scientific experiments
The Defense Department and NASA have joined in a program to study the space environment which surrounds the earth and the effects of space radiation on modern satellite electronic systems. The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite (CRRES) will carry an array of active experiments including chemical releases and a complement of sophisticated scientific instruments to accomplish these objectives. Other chemical release active experiments will be performed with sub-orbital rocket probes. The chemical releases will 'paint' the magnetic and electric fields of earthspace with clouds of glowing ions. Earthspace will be a laboratory, and the releases will be studied with an extensive network of ground-, aircraft-, and satellite-based diagnostic instruments. Some of the topics discussed include the following: the effects of earthspace; the need for active experiments; types of chemical releases; the CRRES program schedule; international support and coordinated studies; photographing chemical releases; information on locating chemical releases for observation by the amateur; and CRRES as a program.
Reasoner, David L.; Mccook, Morgan W. (editor); Vaughan, William W. (editor)
Testing for covariance between time-uncertain series: Theory, Monte Carlo results and applications to proxy records of millennial scale climate variations
Statistical measures of the relationships between time series are generally altered by the presence of errors in timing, i.e. when applied to time-uncertain series. For example, the covariance sampled between two time series which in truth covary will generally be decreased by errors in timing. Previous work has sought to maximize some goodness of fit between time-uncertain series either heuristically
Peter Huybers; Eddie Haam
The Greenhouse Effect: A Selected Bibliography. Bibliography Series Twenty-two.
The purpose of this bibliography is to provide listings of articles, books, and documents which are available in the Robert E. Kennedy Library, California Polytechnic State University, and other libraries on the problem of the greenhouse effect published since 1980. Listings are organized as: (1) "Subject Headings"; (2) "Carbon Dioxide…
O'Neill, Gertrudis, Comp.
Effect of antibiotics of the penicillin series on fetal and neonatal development in rats
Penicillin, if injected into rats in large doses at different stages of pregnancy, had no adverse effect on the developing fetus or the newborn rat. Meanwhile benzathine penicillin (bicillin-3) caused resorption of the embryonic cells and acted adversely on development of the heart. Consequently, benzathine penicillin must not be used for the prevention of relapses of rheumatic fever on patients
V. V. Korzhova; N. T. Lisitsyna; E. I. Smirnova; L. A. Kiseleva
Preparing Effective Special Education Teachers. What Works for Special-Needs Learners Series
What tools are in the toolkit of an excellent special educator, and how can teacher preparation programs provide these tools in the most efficient, effective way possible? This practical, clearly written book is grounded in current research and policy as well as the author's extensive experience as a teacher educator. It identifies what special…
Mamlin, Nancy
The Effects of Instruction on College Nonmajors' Conceptions of Respiration and Photosynthesis. Research Series No. 164.
The processes of photosynthesis and respiration are basic to the understanding of many other aspects and functions of biological systems. Because of their curricular significance, these processes served as the focal point in an investigation of student conceptions and instructional effectiveness. In this study, students in a college nonscience…
Anderson, Charles W.; And Others
The Deterrent Effect Of Capital Punishment In Florida: A Time Series Analysis
Recent Supreme Court decisions and public opinion polls both show increased support for the use of the death penalty. Much research has been conducted to assess the effect of executions on homicide rates. Most of this research, however, has been conducted at levels of aggregation different from that at which the policy is formulated and imposed. This study looks at
Toward Effective Public School Programs for Deaf Students: Context, Process, and Outcomes. Special Education Series.
This book's aim is to define and clarify the issues involved in the education of deaf and hard of hearing children in local public schools, to bring to light the accumulating research in this area, and to recommend actions for organizing effective educational programs. The book offers a perspective on the current confusion in the field of deaf…
Kluwin, Thomas N., Ed.; And Others
Effects of air pollution on neonatal prematurity in guangzhou of china: a time-series study
BACKGROUND: Over the last decade, a few studies have investigated the possible adverse effects of ambient air pollution on preterm birth. However, the correlation between them still remains unclear, due to insufficient evidences. METHODS: The correlation between air pollution and preterm birth in Guangzhou city was examined by using the Generalized Additive Model (GAM) extended Poisson regression model in which
Qingguo Zhao; Zhijiang Liang; Shijuan Tao; Juan Zhu; Yukai Du
Communication for the Workplace: An Integrated Language Approach. Second Edition. Job Skills. Net Effect Series.
Using a developmental, hands-on approach, this text/workbook helps students master the basic English skills that are essential to write effective business correspondence, to recognize language errors, and to develop decision-making and problem-solving skills. Its step-by-step focus and industry-specific format encourages students to review,…
Ettinger, Blanche; Perfetto, Edda
The effect of deep brain stimulation surgery on repetitive behavior in Parkinson patients: A case series
Repetitive behavior has been increasingly reported in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This study evaluates the effect of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) treatment on existing repetitive behavior in three PD patients who underwent unilateral STN DBS surgery at the University of Florida Movement Disorders Center. No significant change in repetitive behavior was noted acutely post-surgery; however, all cases were participating less
Mary F. Wood; Fredrick N. Nguyen; Michael S. Okun; Ramone L. Rodriguez; Kelly D. Foote; Hubert H. Fernandez
Named Series: Epigenetics, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Epigenetic perspective on the developmental effects of bisphenol A
and function(s) of the endocrine system (Patisaul and Adewale, 2009). EDCs have been largely shown to produce development Behavior Immune Endocrine disruptor Transgenerational a b s t r a c t Bisphenol A (BPA effects and discuss the transgener- ational implications of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals. Ă?
Champagne, Frances A.
Effectiveness of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) in anorexia nervosa: A case series
We investigated whether cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is effective in improving cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa (AN). Twenty AN outpatients were consecutively recruited at the Eating Disorders Center of the Turin University. All participants completed 10 sessions of CRT. Neuropsychological performances improved with CRT. Data showed also a significant improvement of impulse regulation and interoceptive awareness (subscales of the Eating
Giovanni Abbate-Daga; Sara Buzzichelli; Enrica Marzola; Federico Amianto; Secondo Fassino
Testing Overall and Subpopulation Treatment Effects with Measurement Errors
There is a growing interest in the discovery of important predictors from many potential biomarkers for therapeutic use. In particular, a biomarker has predictive value for treatment if the treatment is only effective for patients whose biomarker values exceed a certain threshold. However, biomarker expressions are often subject to measurement errors, which may blur the biomarker's predictive capability in patient classification and, as a consequence, may lead to inappropriate treatment decisions. By taking into account the measurement errors, we propose a new testing procedure for the overall and subpopulation treatment effects in the multiple testing framework. The proposed method bypasses the permutation or other resampling procedures that become computationally infeasible in the presence of measurement errors. We conduct simulation studies to examine the performance of the proposed method, and illustrate it with a data example. PMID:24501537
Ma, Yanyuan; Yin, Guosheng
Test of "Light" cigarette counter-advertising using a standard test of advertising effectiveness
OBJECTIVE—To evaluate systematically the effectiveness of six advertising strategies (two message strategies presented in three different contexts) designed to promote smoking cessation by addressing smokers' misperceptions about Light cigarettes.?DESIGN—Smokers viewed one of six, 30 second test television concept advertisements, which varied by message (one emphasising how the sensory effects of Lights can be deceptive, the other describing the effects of vent blocking) and by ad context (non-commercial public service announcement (PSA), promotion of unbranded nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), or promotion of branded NRT). The effectiveness of each advertisement was determined using a validated advertising testing system in which ads were viewed in the context of reviewing a pilot television programme. Response to ads is assessed through shifts in subject choices of products offered as prizes before and after viewing the test advertisements. Included among the possible prizes were cigarettes and various pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation.?SUBJECTS—Daily smokers (n = 1890) of Regular (34%), Light (47%), and Ultra Light (19%) cigarettes recruited from eight US cities.?MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES—The primary outcome of interest was the shift away from cigarettes as the selected prize following exposure to the test advertisements. Secondary outcomes of interest included movement away from Light cigarettes and movement towards assisted quitting products.?RESULTS—Smokers who saw the advertisement emphasising the sensory characteristics of Light cigarettes were more likely than subjects who saw the advertisement emphasising the effect of vent blocking to move away from cigarettes (OR = 1.97, 95% confidence interval CI 1.25 to 3.09; ?2(1) = 8.69, p = 0.003). Similarly, subjects who saw the advertisement framed as a PSA, rather than as a promotion for either a branded or unbranded NRT product, were also somewhat more likely to move away from cigarettes (OR = 1.51, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.40; ?2(1) = 2.97, p = 0.085). The effect was observed regardless of sex, age, or type of cigarette smoked.?CONCLUSIONS—Addressing smokers' sensory perceptions of Light cigarettes and presenting this information in an impartial way is likely to be an effective communication strategy for counter-marketing Light cigarettes.???Keywords: Lights; advertising; counter-marketing PMID:11740042
Shiffman, S.; Burton, S.; Pillitteri, J.; Gitchell, J.; Di, M; Sweeney, C.; Wardle, P.; Koehler, G.
The origins of multifractality in financial time series and the effect of extreme events
This paper presents the results of multifractal testing of two sets of financial data: daily data of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) index and minutely data of the Euro Stoxx 50 index. Where multifractal scaling is found, the spectrum of scaling exponents is calculated via Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis. In both cases, further investigations reveal that the temporal correlations in the data are a more significant source of the multifractal scaling than are the distributions of the returns. It is also shown that the extreme events which make up the heavy tails of the distribution of the Euro Stoxx 50 log returns distort the scaling in the data set. The most extreme events are inimical to the scaling regime. This result is in contrast to previous findings that extreme events contribute to multifractality.
Green, Elena; Hanan, William; Heffernan, Daniel
Accepting personality test feedback: A review of the Barnum effect
This article attempts a comprehensive and critical review of the by-now fairly extensive literature on the Barnum effect—the\\u000a approval\\/acceptance by subjects of bogus personality interpretations supposedly derived from standard tests. Since the last\\u000a major review eight years ago various methodological extensions have occurred and various rival hypotheses for established\\u000a findings have been proposed. The present review is divided into three
Adrian Furnham; Sandra Schofield
Effective Size Analysis of the Diametral Compression (Brazil) Test Specimen
This study considers the finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and Weibull effective size analysis for the diametral compression (DC) or Brazil specimen loaded with three different push-rod geometries. Those geometries are a flat push-rod, a push-rod whose radius of curvature is larger than that for the DC specimen, and a push-rod whose radius of curvature matches that of the DC specimen. Such established effective size analysis recognizes that the tensile strength of structural ceramics is typically one to two orders of magnitude less than its compressive strength. Therefore, because fracture is much more apt to result from a tensile stress than a compressive one, this traditional analysis only considers the first principal tensile stress field in the mechanically loaded ceramic component for the effective size analysis. The effective areas and effective volumes were computed as function of Weibull modulus using the CARES/Life code. Particular attention was devoted to the effect of mesh sensitivity and localized stress concentration. The effect of specimen width on the stress state was also investigated. The effects of push-rod geometry, the use of steel versus WC push-rods, and considering a frictionless versus no-slip interface between push-rod and specimen on the maximum stresses, where those stresses are located, and the effective area and effective volume results are described. Of the three push-rod geometries, it is concluded that the push-rod (made from WC rather than steel) whose radius of curvature matches that of the DC specimen is the most apt to cause fracture initiation within the specimen's bulk rather than at the loading interface. Therefore, its geometry is the most likely to produce a valid diametral compression strength test. However, the DC specimen remains inefficient in terms of its area and volume efficiencies; namely, the tensile strength of only a few percent of the specimen's entire area or volume is sampled. Given the high probability that a valid (or invalid) test can be proven by ceramic fractographic practices suggests that this test method and specimen is questionable for use with relatively strong structural ceramics.
Jadaan, Osama M. [University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Wereszczak, Andrew A [ORNL
Pedigree-based random effect tests to screen gene pathways
The new generation of sequencing platforms opens new horizons in the genetics field. It is possible to exhaustively assay all genetic variants in an individual and search for phenotypic associations. The whole genome sequencing approach, when applied to a large human sample like the San Antonio Family Study, detects a very large number (>25 million) of single nucleotide variants along with other more complex variants. The analytical challenges imposed by this number of variants are formidable, suggesting that methods are needed to reduce the overall number of statistical tests. In this study, we develop a single degree-of-freedom test of variants in a gene pathway employing a random effect model that uses an empirical pathway-specific genetic relationship matrix as the focal covariance kernel. The empirical pathway-specific genetic relationship uses all variants (or a chosen subset) from gene members of a given biological pathway. Using SOLAR's pedigree-based variance components modeling, which also allows for arbitrary fixed effects, such as principal components, to deal with latent population structure, we employ a likelihood ratio test of the pathway-specific genetic relationship matrix model. We examine all gene pathways in KEGG database gene pathways using our method in the first replicate of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 18 simulation of systolic blood pressure. Our random effect approach was able to detect true association signals in causal gene pathways. Those pathways could be easily be further dissected by the independent analysis of all markers.
Effects of temperature on in situ toxicity testing
With increasing concern over the impacts and perturbations to receiving waters as a result of storm water runoff and contaminated sediments, many investigators have turned towards in situ testing for direct response data. In situ testing has been shown to be an effective assessment tool. In order to further evaluate the limitations of this method, temperature effects were evaluated. There is concern that laboratory to stream transfer of test organisms may induce significant stress if water temperatures are too cool. This study was designed to specifically address the issue of temperature tolerance and attenuation of Hyalella azteca, Ceriodaphnia dubia and Pimephales promelas in in situ conditions. Temperature tolerance is of importance in areas where receiving waters are subject to low or fluctuating temperatures as well as areas of more temperate climates. In this study, the organisms where exposed to temperatures as low as 2 C for variable lengths of time, removed and allowed to come to ambient laboratory temperatures then monitored for acute or chronic responses. No effects on survival were observed after 48 h. at 5 C; however lower temperatures increased mortality.
Rowland, C.D.; Burton, G.A. Jr. [Wright State Univ., Dayton, OH (United States)
Children Becoming More Intelligent: Can the Flynn Effect be Generalized to Other Child Intelligence Tests?
In this article, time effects on intelligence test scores have been investigated. In particular, we examined whether the "Flynn effect" is manifest in children from the middle and higher IQ distribution range, measured with a child intelligence test based on information processing principles—the Leiden Diagnostic Test. The test was administered to two independent groups of children—one tested recently, another tested
Wilma C. M. Resing; Erika Tunteler
Effects of measurement resolution on the analysis of temperature time series for stream-aquifer flux estimation
From its inception in the mid-1960s, the use of temperature time series (thermographs) to estimate vertical fluxes has found increasing use in the hydrologic community. Beginning in 2000, researchers have examined the impacts of measurement and parameter uncertainty on the estimates of vertical fluxes. To date, the effects of temperature measurement discretization (resolution), a characteristic of all digital temperature loggers, on the determination of vertical fluxes has not been considered. In this technical note we expand the analysis of recently published work to include the effects of temperature measurement resolution on estimates of vertical fluxes using temperature amplitude and phase shift information. We show that errors in thermal front velocity estimation introduced by discretizing thermographs differ when amplitude or phase shift data are used to estimate vertical fluxes. We also show that under similar circumstances sensor resolution limits the range over which vertical velocities are accurately reproduced more than uncertainty in temperature measurements, uncertainty in sensor separation distance, and uncertainty in the thermal diffusivity combined. These effects represent the baseline error present and thus the best-case scenario when discrete temperature measurements are used to infer vertical fluxes. The errors associated with measurement resolution can be minimized by using the highest-resolution sensors available. But thoughtful experimental design could allow users to select the most cost-effective temperature sensors to fit their measurement needs.
Soto-López, Carlos D.; Meixner, Thomas; Ferré, Ty P. A.
The Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite program (CRRES): A unique series of scientific experiments
CRRES is a program to study the space environment which surrounds Earth and the effects of space radiation on modern satellite electronic systems. The satellite will carry an array of active experiments including chemical releases and a complement of sophisticated scientific instruments to accomplish these objectives. Other chemical release active experiments will be performed with suborbital rocket probes. These chemical releases will paint the magnetic and electric fields in Earthspace with clouds of glowing ions. Earthspace will be a laboratory, and the releases will be studied with an extensive network of ground-, aircraft-, and satellite-based diagnostic instruments.
30 CFR 35.22 - Test to determine effect of evaporation on flammability.
... 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test to determine effect of evaporation on flammability...MINING PRODUCTS FIRE-RESISTANT HYDRAULIC FLUIDS Test Requirements § 35.22 Test to determine effect of evaporation on...
49 CFR 40.273 - What is the effect of a cancelled alcohol test?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
... false What is the effect of a cancelled alcohol test? 40.273 Section 40.273 Transportation...PROCEDURES FOR TRANSPORTATION WORKPLACE DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING PROGRAMS Problems in Alcohol Testing § 40.273 What is the effect...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
Accelerated test techniques for micro-circuits: Evaluation of high temperature (473 k - 573 K) accelerated life test techniques as effective microcircuit screening methods
The application of high temperature accelerated test techniques was shown to be an effective method of microcircuit defect screening. Comprehensive microcircuit evaluations and a series of high temperature (473 K to 573 K) life tests demonstrated that a freak or early failure population of surface contaminated devices could be completely screened in thirty two hours of test at an ambient temperature of 523 K. Equivalent screening at 398 K, as prescribed by current Military and NASA specifications, would have required in excess of 1,500 hours of test. All testing was accomplished with a Texas Instruments' 54L10, low power triple-3 input NAND gate manufactured with a titanium- tungsten (Ti-W), Gold (Au) metallization system. A number of design and/or manufacturing anomalies were also noted with the Ti-W, Au metallization system. Further study of the exact nature and cause(s) of these anomalies is recommended prior to the use of microcircuits with Ti-W, Au metallization in long life/high reliability applications. Photomicrographs of tested circuits are included.
Johnson, G. M.
3-D numerical evaluation of density effects on tracer tests.
In this paper we present numerical simulations carried out to assess the importance of density-dependent flow on tracer plume development. The scenario considered in the study is characterized by a short-term tracer injection phase into a fully penetrating well and a natural hydraulic gradient. The scenario is thought to be typical for tracer tests conducted in the field. Using a reference case as a starting point, different model parameters were changed in order to determine their importance to density effects. The study is based on a three-dimensional model domain. Results were interpreted using concentration contours and a first moment analysis. Tracer injections of 0.036 kg per meter of saturated aquifer thickness do not cause significant density effects assuming hydraulic gradients of at least 0.1%. Higher tracer input masses, as used for geoelectrical investigations, may lead to buoyancy-induced flow in the early phase of a tracer test which in turn impacts further plume development. This also holds true for shallow aquifers. Results of simulations with different tracer injection rates and durations imply that the tracer input scenario has a negligible effect on density flow. Employing model cases with different realizations of a log conductivity random field, it could be shown that small variations of hydraulic conductivity in the vicinity of the tracer injection well have a major control on the local tracer distribution but do not mask effects of buoyancy-induced flow. PMID:16183165
Beinhorn, M; Dietrich, P; Kolditz, O
Effect of power bleaching on the fluorosis stained anterior teeth case series.
Bleaching is a conservative method for restoring the colour of intrinsic discoloration of teeth. The combination of McInnes solution and power bleaching is effective procedure for bleaching of fluorosis stained teeth. Definitely bleaching with McInnes bleaching agent gives instant results, not dependent on patient's compliance as other office based procedures, no dehydration of the tooth occurs with no damage to the pulp. Bleaching with this solution is esthetically pleasing and minimally invasive option for young patients rather than a complete coronal covering. The dentist is in complete control of the process throughout the treatment. It is a fast process the results are evident even after a single visit. PMID:25302292
S, Parinitha M; M, Annapoorna B; Tejaswi, Sunil; Shetty, Suneeth; K, Sowmya H
Effect of Power Bleaching on the Fluorosis Stained Anterior Teeth Case Series
Bleaching is a conservative method for restoring the colour of intrinsic discoloration of teeth. The combination of McInnes solution and power bleaching is effective procedure for bleaching of fluorosis stained teeth. Definitely bleaching with McInnes bleaching agent gives instant results, not dependent on patient's compliance as other office based procedures, no dehydration of the tooth occurs with no damage to the pulp. Bleaching with this solution is esthetically pleasing and minimally invasive option for young patients rather than a complete coronal covering. The dentist is in complete control of the process throughout the treatment. It is a fast process the results are evident even after a single visit. PMID:25302292
M, Annapoorna B; Tejaswi, Sunil; Shetty, Suneeth; K, Sowmya H
Spectral studies on a series of metal ion complexes derived from pyrimidine nucleus, TEM, biological and ?-irradiation effect
A series of thiouracil complexes was prepared, all the prepared compounds are investigated by all possible tools. The ligand coordinates towards two central atoms as a neutral hexadentate mode. The octahedral structure was proposed with Ni(II), Pt(IV) and UO2(II) complexes. Square-pyramidal and square planar with VO(II) and Pd(II) complexes, respectively. VO(II) complex was irradiated by using Gamma radiation to through a light on the probability of geometry changes with the effect of radiation. The parameters calculated from ESR spectra before and after ?-irradiation reflect the rigidity of the complex towards the effect. Such may discuss the unaffected biological behavior before and after irradiation. XRD patterns were carried out to emphasis on the nature of the particles and the purity of products. The ligand, Pt(IV) and Pd(II) are found in nanometer range. TEM is a sensitive tool used to justify on the microstructure and surface morphology. All the investigated compounds are in nanorange. TG curves reflect a lower thermal stability of all investigated complexes due to the presence of water of crystallization. Finally, a toxic effect was observed with all investigated complexes towards Gram positive bacterium as well as a resistant behavior was observed with Gram negative bacteria.
Al-Ashqer, Sawsan; Abou-Melha, Khlood S.; Al-Hazmi, G. A. A.; Saad, Fawaz A.; El-Metwaly, Nashwa M.
The CLEAN Workshop Series: Promoting Effective Pedagogy for Teaching Undergraduate Climate Science
To prepare students to understand a changing climate, it is imperative that we equip educators with the best possible tools and methods for reaching their audience. As part of the Climate Literacy and Energy Awareness Network (CLEAN) professional development efforts, two workshops for undergraduate faculty were held in 2012. These workshops used a variety of activities to help faculty learn about recent climate research, take part in demonstrations of successful activities for teaching climate topics, and collaborate to create new teaching materials. The workshops also facilitated professional networking among participants. Both workshops were held online, eliminating the need for travel, encouraging participants without travel funds to attend, and allowing international collaborations and presentations. To create an authentic experience, the workshop used several technologies such as the Blackboard Collaborate web conferencing platform, SERC's web-based collaboration tools and online discussion threads, and conference calls. The workshop Communicating Climate Science in the Classroom, held in April 2012, explored practices for communicating climate science and policy in the classroom and provided strategies to improve student understanding of this complex and sensitive topic. Workshop presentations featured public opinion research on Americans' perceptions of climate change, tactics for identifying and resolving student misconceptions, and methods to address various "backfire effects" that can result from attempts to correct misinformation. Demonstrations of teaching approaches included a role-playing simulation of emissions negotiations, Princeton's climate stabilization wedges game, and an activity that allows students to use scientific principles to tackle misinformation. The workshop Teaching Climate Complexity was held in May 2012. Teaching the complexities of climate science requires an understanding of many facets of the Earth system and a robust pedagogic approach that fosters systems thinking. Workshop participants heard presentations from top climate scientists about topics such as the role of carbon dioxide in regulating Earth's climate, the silicate-weathering thermostat hypothesis, effects of water vapor in the climate system, and albedo effects from the loss of Artic sea ice. Demonstrations of classroom techniques allowed participants to use a jigsaw approach to understand poleward heat transport, plot atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and use a mass balance model to explore the role of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere. A hallmark of the CLEAN workshops is that participants are actively engaged in team projects to create new teaching materials. In the Communicating Climate workshop, John Cook led a demonstration of techniques featured in his Debunking Handbook and workshop participants created examples of how to respond to common climate myths in the classroom. In the Climate Complexities workshop, participants used existing elements within the CLEAN reviewed collection to create a comprehensive sequence of activities that can be used to teach elements of Earth's climate system. Activities from the workshop are archived on the CLEAN website, including screen cast recordings of all the presentations and materials created at each workshop. For more information, visit the workshop website at the URL below.
Kirk, K. B.; Bruckner, M. Z.; Manduca, C. A.; Buhr, S. M.
Quantification of the acute effect of a low dose of red wine by nonlinear measures of RR and QT interval series in healthy subjects.
The measures of nonlinear properties of RR interval and QT interval time series are sensitive to physiologically- or pathologically-induced complexity/regularity changes, but were not used to estimate the effect of alcohol intake. We wanted to examine the potential of these measures to quantify the acute effect of a low dose of red wine in healthy subjects. In separate experiments, fourteen young volunteers drank 200ml of red wine and a control drink with equal concentration of ethanol. ECG in supine position was recorded 20min before and 60min after drink intake. RR interval and QT interval series were extracted from ECG and we calculated variability, scaling exponents (?1 and ?2) and sample entropy (SampEn) for both series. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BP) were measured every 10min. The immediate effect of both the drinks was equal: HR, BP and QT variability exhibited a sudden increase and then a decrease. However, the prolonged effect of wine and the control drink was different. Wine decreased both BP (p<0.05) and reduced complexity of RR and QT series (increased scaling exponents and decreased SampEn). The control drink prolonged QT and RR intervals (p<0.05). These results point out that the nonlinear properties of RR and QT interval series could be used to differentiate the effect of wine and ethanol. Changes in RR and QT interval series induced by a low dose of red wine are more detectable by methods that quantify the structure of the series than by methods that quantify their variability. PMID:25194258
Platiša, Mirjana M; Gal, Vera; Nestorovi?, Zorica; Gojkovi?-Bukarica, Ljiljana
Effect of uneven sampling on correlation dimension computed from time series data
Observational data, especially astrophysical data, is often limited by uneven sampling that arises due to lack of observations for a variety of reasons. Such inadvertent gaps are usually smoothed over using interpolation techniques. However the smoothing techniques can introduce artificial effects, especially when non-linear analysis is undertaken. We investigate how uneven sampling can affect the computed values of correlation dimension of the system, without using any interpolation. For this we introduce gaps artificially in synthetic data derived from standard chaotic systems, like the Rossler and Lorenz, with frequency of occurrence and size of missing data drawn from Gaussian distributions. Then we study the changes in correlation dimension with change in the distributions of frequency of gaps introduced and size of data removed. We find that for a considerable range of gap frequency and size, the value of correlation dimension is not significantly affected. This would mean that in such specific cases, the calculated values can still be reliable and acceptable. Thus our study introduces a method of checking the reliability of computed correlation dimension values by calculating the distribution of gaps with respect to its size and frequency and comparing with the standard plots presented in the paper. This is illustrated for real world examples of the data from three variable stars, R Scuti, U Monocerotis and SU Tauri. We also demonstrate how a cubic spline interpolation can cause an unevenly sampled noisy data to be misinterpreted as being chaotic in origin. This is demonstrated for the non chaotic light curve of variable star SS Cygni, which gives a saturated D2 value, when interpolated using a cubic spline.
Sandip V. George; G. Ambika; R. Misra
Standard Test Method for Effects of Cleaning and Chemical Maintenance Materials on Painted Aircraft Surfaces
1.1 This test method covers determination of the effects of cleaning solutions and liquid cleaner concentrates on painted aircraft surfaces (Note 1). Streaking, discoloration, and blistering may be determined visually. Softening is determined with a series of specially prepared pencils wherein determination of the softest pencil to rupture the paint film is made. Note 1—This test method is applicable to any paint film that is exposed to cleaning materials. MIL-PRF-85285 has been selected as a basic example. When other paint finishes are used, refer to the applicable material specification for panel preparation and system curing prior to testing. 1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user ...
American Society for Testing and Materials. Philadelphia
Effect of pilopool on forced swimming test in mice.
Pilopool is composed of high molecular weight water-soluble chitosan, Allium sativum L. extract, mushroom extract, Dioscorea Batatas D., and purple bamboo salt. This study investigated the effect of Pilopool on performance of forced swimming test (FST). First, the immobility time was decreased in Pilopool-fed group in comparison with control group on FST. In blood serum, the contents of creatine kinase and lactic dehydrogenase were decreased and the contents of glucose and total protein were increased. The results predict a potential benefit of Pilopool as an anti-fatigue agent and for improving physical stamina. PMID:18300010
Koo, Hyun-Na; Um, Jae-Young; Kim, Hyung-Min; Lee, Eun-Hee; Sung, Hyun-Jea; Kim, Ii-Kwang; Jeong, Hyun-Ja; Hong, Seung-Heon
Transportation Energy Futures Series: Effects of Travel Reduction and Efficient Driving on Transportation: Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Since the 1970s, numerous transportation strategies have been formulated to change the behavior of drivers or travelers by reducing trips, shifting travel to more efficient modes, or improving the efficiency of existing modes. This report summarizes findings documented in existing literature to identify strategies with the greatest potential impact. The estimated effects of implementing the most significant and aggressive individual driver behavior modification strategies range from less than 1% to a few percent reduction in transportation energy use and GHG emissions. Combined strategies result in reductions of 7% to 15% by 2030. Pricing, ridesharing, eco-driving, and speed limit reduction/enforcement strategies are widely judged to have the greatest estimated potential effect, but lack the widespread public acceptance needed to accomplish maximum results. This is one of a series of reports produced as a result of the Transportation Energy Futures (TEF) project, a Department of Energy-sponsored multi-agency project initiated to pinpoint underexplored strategies for abating GHGs and reducing petroleum dependence related to transportation.
Porter, C. D.; Brown, A.; DeFlorio, J.; McKenzie, E.; Tao, W.; Vimmerstedt, L.
[The assessment of no adverse effect doses for plant populations chronically exposed to radionuclides of uranium and thorium decay series].
Dose rates cause no adverse effects on natural populations of Pinus sylvestris L. and Vicia cracca L. inhabiting territories contaminated by uranium mill tailings and radium production wastes (Vodny settlement, Komi Republic) were determined. A significant increase in embryonic lethal mutation frequency in V. cracca legumes and decrease in seedlings survival rate as compared with control values were registered at dose rate equal to 1.67 mGy/day, that is 280 times higher than the one calculated for the reference site. The adverse effects in P. sylvestris expressed in increased frequency of chromosome aberrations in meristematic root tips and decreased reproductive capacity of seeds were determined at absorbed dose rate equal to 0.083 mGy/day. Data obtained show that the decrease in plant reproductive capacity in case of chronic exposure of radionuclides of uranium and thorium decay series can observe at lower weighted absorbed dose rates than in case of environmental contamination by artificial radionuclides. PMID:20968049
Evseeva, T I; Ma?strenko, T A; Belykh, E S; Geras'kin, S A
Studying the effect of weather conditions on daily crash counts using a discrete time-series model.
In previous research, significant effects of weather conditions on car crashes have been found. However, most studies use monthly or yearly data and only few studies are available analyzing the impact of weather conditions on daily car crash counts. Furthermore, the studies that are available on a daily level do not explicitly model the data in a time-series context, hereby ignoring the temporal serial correlation that may be present in the data. In this paper, we introduce an integer autoregressive model for modelling count data with time interdependencies. The model is applied to daily car crash data, metereological data and traffic exposure data from the Netherlands aiming at examining the risk impact of weather conditions on the observed counts. The results show that several assumptions related to the effect of weather conditions on crash counts are found to be significant in the data and that if serial temporal correlation is not accounted for in the model, this may produce biased results. PMID:18460387
Brijs, Tom; Karlis, Dimitris; Wets, Geert
Comparing Direct versus Indirect Measures of the Pedagogical Effectiveness of Team Testing
Direct measures (tests) of the pedagogical effectiveness of team testing and indirect measures (student surveys) of pedagogical effectiveness of team testing were collected in several sections of an undergraduate marketing course with varying levels of the use of team testing. The results indicate that although students perceived team testing to…
Bacon, Donald R.
State Test Score Trends Through 2007-08, Part 2: Is There a Plateau Effect in Test Scores?
Many in the research and policy worlds have taken for granted the existence of a phenomenon known as the "plateau effect," wherein test scores rise in the early years of a test-based accountability system and then level off. Drawing from our database of reading and math test results from all 50 states going back as far as 1999, the Center on…
Chudowsky, Naomi; Chudowsky, Victor
A semi-field approach to testing effects of fresh pesticide residues on bees in multiple-rate test
We describe a semi-field cage test specifically designed to test effects of delayed exposure to plant protection products. The trial involved the use of standardised mini-beehives. The principle of the trial was to prepare two groups of potted test plants per treatment. The first group of plants remained untreated, while the second group was treated at the desired rate and
F. Bakker; J. N. M. Calis
Hierarchical structure of the energy landscape of proteins revisited by time series analysis. II. Investigation of explicit solvent effects
Time series analysis tools are employed on the principal modes obtained from the C? trajectories from two independent molecular-dynamics simulations of ?-amylase inhibitor (tendamistat). Fluctuations inside an energy minimum (intraminimum motions), transitions between minima (interminimum motions), and relaxations in different hierarchical energy levels are investigated and compared with those encountered in vacuum by using different sampling window sizes and intervals. The low-frequency low-indexed mode relationship, established in vacuum, is also encountered in water, which shows the reliability of the important dynamics information offered by principal components analysis in water. It has been shown that examining a short data collection period (100 ps) may result in a high population of overdamped modes, while some of the low-frequency oscillations (<10 cm-1) can be captured in water by using a longer data collection period (1200 ps). Simultaneous analysis of short and long sampling window sizes gives the following picture of the effect of water on protein dynamics. Water makes the protein lose its memory: future conformations are less dependent on previous conformations due to the lowering of energy barriers in hierarchical levels of the energy landscape. In short-time dynamics (<10 ps), damping factors extracted from time series model parameters are lowered. For tendamistat, the friction coefficient in the Langevin equation is found to be around 40-60 cm-1 for the low-indexed modes, compatible with literature. The fact that water has increased the friction and that on the other hand has lubrication effect at first sight contradicts. However, this comes about because water enhances the transitions between minima and forces the protein to reduce its already inherent inability to maintain oscillations observed in vacuum. Some of the frequencies lower than 10 cm-1 are found to be overdamped, while those higher than 20 cm-1 are slightly increased. As for the long-time dynamics in water, it is found that random-walk motion is maintained for approximately 200 ps (about five times of that in vacuum) in the low-indexed modes, showing the lowering of energy barriers between the higher-level minima.
Alakent, Burak; Camurdan, Mehmet C.; Doruker, Pemra
Hierarchical structure of the energy landscape of proteins revisited by time series analysis. II. Investigation of explicit solvent effects.
Time series analysis tools are employed on the principal modes obtained from the C(alpha) trajectories from two independent molecular-dynamics simulations of alpha-amylase inhibitor (tendamistat). Fluctuations inside an energy minimum (intraminimum motions), transitions between minima (interminimum motions), and relaxations in different hierarchical energy levels are investigated and compared with those encountered in vacuum by using different sampling window sizes and intervals. The low-frequency low-indexed mode relationship, established in vacuum, is also encountered in water, which shows the reliability of the important dynamics information offered by principal components analysis in water. It has been shown that examining a short data collection period (100 ps) may result in a high population of overdamped modes, while some of the low-frequency oscillations (<10 cm(-1)) can be captured in water by using a longer data collection period (1200 ps). Simultaneous analysis of short and long sampling window sizes gives the following picture of the effect of water on protein dynamics. Water makes the protein lose its memory: future conformations are less dependent on previous conformations due to the lowering of energy barriers in hierarchical levels of the energy landscape. In short-time dynamics (<10 ps), damping factors extracted from time series model parameters are lowered. For tendamistat, the friction coefficient in the Langevin equation is found to be around 40-60 cm(-1) for the low-indexed modes, compatible with literature. The fact that water has increased the friction and that on the other hand has lubrication effect at first sight contradicts. However, this comes about because water enhances the transitions between minima and forces the protein to reduce its already inherent inability to maintain oscillations observed in vacuum. Some of the frequencies lower than 10 cm(-1) are found to be overdamped, while those higher than 20 cm(-1) are slightly increased. As for the long-time dynamics in water, it is found that random-walk motion is maintained for approximately 200 ps (about five times of that in vacuum) in the low-indexed modes, showing the lowering of energy barriers between the higher-level minima. PMID:16238428
Alakent, Burak; Camurdan, Mehmet C; Doruker, Pemra
... mutation, and must be identified through further testing. Prenatal Testing Prenatal testing is used to determine if a fetus has ... used: In amniocentesis , the most common form of prenatal testing, a very fine needle is inserted into the ...
Implementing and evaluating a regional strategy to improve testing rates in VA patients at risk for HIV, utilizing the QUERI process as a guiding framework: QUERI Series
Background We describe how we used the framework of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Quality Enhancement Research Initiative (QUERI) to develop a program to improve rates of diagnostic testing for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). This venture was prompted by the observation by the CDC that 25% of HIV-infected patients do not know their diagnosis – a point of substantial importance to the VA, which is the largest provider of HIV care in the United States. Methods Following the QUERI steps (or process), we evaluated: 1) whether undiagnosed HIV infection is a high-risk, high-volume clinical issue within the VA, 2) whether there are evidence-based recommendations for HIV testing, 3) whether there are gaps in the performance of VA HIV testing, and 4) the barriers and facilitators to improving current practice in the VA. Based on our findings, we developed and initiated a QUERI step 4/phase 1 pilot project using the precepts of the Chronic Care Model. Our improvement strategy relies upon electronic clinical reminders to provide decision support; audit/feedback as a clinical information system, and appropriate changes in delivery system design. These activities are complemented by academic detailing and social marketing interventions to achieve provider activation. Results Our preliminary formative evaluation indicates the need to ensure leadership and team buy-in, address facility-specific barriers, refine the reminder, and address factors that contribute to inter-clinic variances in HIV testing rates. Preliminary unadjusted data from the first seven months of our program show 3–5 fold increases in the proportion of at-risk patients who are offered HIV testing at the VA sites (stations) where the pilot project has been undertaken; no change was seen at control stations. Discussion This project demonstrates the early success of the application of the QUERI process to the development of a program to improve HIV testing rates. Preliminary unadjusted results show that the coordinated use of audit/feedback, provider activation, and organizational change can increase HIV testing rates for at-risk patients. We are refining our program prior to extending our work to a small-scale, multi-site evaluation (QUERI step 4/phase 2). We also plan to evaluate the durability/sustainability of the intervention effect, the costs of HIV testing, and the number of newly identified HIV-infected patients. Ultimately, we will evaluate this program in other geographically dispersed stations (QUERI step 4/phases 3 and 4). PMID:18353185
Goetz, Matthew B; Bowman, Candice; Hoang, Tuyen; Anaya, Henry; Osborn, Teresa; Gifford, Allen L; Asch, Steven M
Transportation Energy Futures Series: Effects of the Built Environment on Transportation: Energy Use, Greenhouse Gas Emissions, and Other Factors
Planning initiatives in many regions and communities aim to reduce transportation energy use, decrease emissions, and achieve related environmental benefits by changing land use. This report reviews and summarizes findings from existing literature on the relationship between the built environment and transportation energy use and greenhouse gas emissions, identifying results trends as well as potential future actions. The indirect influence of federal transportation and housing policies, as well as the direct impact of municipal regulation on land use are examined for their effect on transportation patterns and energy use. Special attention is given to the 'four D' factors of density, diversity, design and accessibility. The report concludes that policy-driven changes to the built environment could reduce transportation energy and GHG emissions from less than 1% to as much as 10% by 2050, the equivalent of 16%-18% of present-day urban light-duty-vehicle travel. This is one of a series of reports produced as a result of the Transportation Energy Futures (TEF) project, a Department of Energy-sponsored multi-agency project initiated to pinpoint underexplored strategies for abating GHGs and reducing petroleum dependence related to transportation.
Porter, C. D.; Brown, A.; Dunphy, R. T.; Vimmerstedt, L.
Effect of locomotor training on motor recovery and walking ability in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: a case series.
[Purpose] The aim of this study was to describe the effect of locomotor training on a treadmill for three individuals who have an incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). [Subjects and Methods] Three indivduals (2 males, 1 female) with incomplete paraplegia participated in this prospective case series. All subjects participated in locomotor training for a maximum of 20 minutes on a motorized treadmill without elevation at a comfortable walking speed three days a week for four weeks as an adjunct to a conventional physiotherapy program. The lower extremity strength and walking capabilities were used as the outcome measures of this study. Lower extremity strength was measured by lower extremity motor score (LEMS). Walking capability was assessed using the Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI II). [Results] An increase in lower extremity motor score and walking capabilities at the end of training program was found. [Conclusion] Gait training on a treadmill can enhance motor recovery and walking capabilities in subjects with incomplete SCI. Further research is needed to generalize these findings and to identify which patients might benefit from locomotor training. PMID:25013303
Anwer, Shahnawaz; Equebal, Ameed; Palekar, Tushar J; Nezamuddin, M; Neyaz, Osama; Alghadir, Ahmad
Neurobehavioral Effects of Space Radiation on Psychomotor Vigilance Tests INTRODUCTION Risk assessment of the biological consequences of living in the space radiation environment represents one of the highest priority areas of NASA radiation research. Of critical importance is the need for a risk assessment of damage to the central nervous system (CNS) leading to functional cognitive/behavioral changes during long-term space missions, and the development of effective shielding or biological countermeasures to such risks. The present research focuses on the use of an animal model that employs neurobehavioral tests identical or homologous to those currently in use in human models of risk assessment by U.S. agencies such as the Depart-ment of Defense and Federal Aviation and Federal Railroad Administrations for monitoring performance and estimating accident risks associated with such variables as fatigue and/or alcohol or drug abuse. As a first approximation for establishing human risk assessments due to exposure to space radiation, the present work provides animal performance data obtained with the rPVT (rat Psychomotor Vigilance Test), an animal analog of the human PVT that is currently employed for human risk assessments via quantification of sustained attention (e.g., 'vigilance' or 'readiness to perform' tasks). Ground-based studies indicate that radiation can induce neurobehavioral changes in rodents, including impaired performance on motor tasks and deficits in spatial learning and memory. The present study is testing the hypothesis that radiation exposure impairs motor function, performance accuracy, vigilance, motivation, and memory in adult male rats. METHODS The psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was originally developed as a human cognitive neurobe-havioral assay for tracking the temporally dynamic changes in sustained attention, and has also been used to track changes in circadian rhythm. In humans the test requires responding to a small, bright-red-light stimulus (LED-digital counter) as soon as the stimulus appears, which stops the stimulus counter and displays the reaction time for each trial in milliseconds for a 1-sec period. Simple to perform, the PVT has only very minor learning effects, is widely used in human risk assessments in operational environments, and has been recently developed and adopted for use on the ISS for astronauts as a "self test" to provide performance feedback, detect changes in alertness, prevent errors, and manage fatigue from sleep loss, circadian dis-ruption, and high workload requirements. A rodent version of the PVT, the rPVT, has been developed and demonstrated to track the same types of performance variables as the human PVT -i.e., general motor function and speed, fine motor control, inhibitory control ("impul-sivity"), timing, selective attention, motivation, and basic sensory function. Five cohorts of 16 rats each (total N = 80) were trained on the rPVT, exported to BNL for head-only radiation exposure (0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 cGy protons @ 150 MeV/n), then returned to Johns Hopkins for follow-up testing. RESULTS The rPVT was readily learned by all rats and required as little as 5-7 days of training to acquire baseline performance levels. Following irradiation, performances in the rPVT were disrupted at exposure levels of 50, 100, and 200 cGy, showing a consistent, significant increase (i.e., slowing) in reaction times and increased lapses in responding, both indicative of a decrease in sustained attention. Additionally, premature responses showed consistent increases at the higher radiation levels. None of these changes were observed in the non-exposed control animals. Over this same time period, no significant changes were observed in discrimination accuracy, motivation (as indicated by trials completed), or food intake. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The results of these experiments demonstrate the sensitivity of tests such as the rPVT for assessing the effects of head-only space radiation on cognitive neurobehavioral function. Expo-sure to protons at as litt
Hienz, Robert; Davis, Catherine; Weed, Michael; Guida, Peter; Gooden, Virginia; Brady, Joseph; Roma, Peter
Tests of a Functional Account of the Abney Effect
The Abney effect refers to changes in the hue of lights as they are desaturated. Normally the purity is varied by desaturating with a fixed spectrum. Mizokami et al. (2006, Journal of Vision, 6(9), 996–1007) instead varied purity by using Gaussian spectra and increasing their bandwidth. Under these conditions the hues of lights at short and medium wavelengths tended to remain constant and thus were tied to a fixed property of the stimulus like the spectral peak, possibly reflecting a compensation for the spectral filtering effects of the eye. Here we test this account more completely by comparing constant hue loci across a wide range of wavelengths and between the fovea and periphery. Purity was varied by adding either a fixed spectrum or by varying the spectral bandwidth, using an Agile Light Source capable of generating arbitrary spectra. For both types of spectra, hue loci were approximated by the Gaussian model at short and medium wavelengths, though the model failed to predict the precise form of the hue changes or the differences between the fovea and periphery. Our results suggest that a Gaussian model provides a useful heuristic for predicting constant hue loci and the form of the Abney effect at short and medium wavelengths, and may approximate the inferences underlying the representation of hue in the visual system. PMID:22330374
O'Neil, Sean F.; McDermott, Kyle C.; Mizokami, Yoko; Werner, John S.; Crognale, Michael A.; Webster, Michael A.
Effect of alignment changes on socket reaction moments during gait in transfemoral and knee-disarticulation prostheses: Case series
The alignment of a lower-limb prosthesis is critical to the successful prosthetic fitting and utilization by the wearer. Loads generated by the socket applied to the residual limb while walking are thought to be different in transfemoral and knee-disarticulation prostheses. The aim of this case series was to compare the socket reaction moments between transfemoral and knee-disarticulation prostheses and to investigate the effect of alignment changes on them. Two amputees, one with a transfemoral prosthesis and another with a knee-disarticulation prosthesis, participated in this study. A Smart Pyramid™ was used to measure socket reaction moments while walking under 9 selected alignment conditions; including nominally aligned, angle malalignments of 6° (flexion, extension, abduction and adduction) and translation malalignments of 15 mm (anterior, posterior, medial and lateral) of the socket relative to the foot. This study found that the pattern of the socket reaction moments was similar between transfemoral and knee-disarticulation prostheses. An extension moment in the sagittal plane and a varus moment in the coronal plane were dominant during stance under the nominally aligned condition. This study also demonstrated that alignment changes might have consistent effects on the socket reaction moments in transfemoral or knee-disarticulation prostheses. Extension or posterior translation of the socket resulted in increases in an extension moment, while abduction or lateral translation of the socket resulted in increases in a varus moment. The socket reaction moments may potentially serve as useful biomechanical parameters to evaluate alignment in transfemoral or knee-disarticulation prostheses. PMID:23931961
Kobayashi, Toshiki; Orendurff, Michael S.; Boone, David A.
Effects of D-series resolvins on behavioral and neurochemical changes in a fibromyalgia-like model in mice.
This study investigated whether the spinal or systemic treatment with the lipid resolution mediators resolvin D1 (RvD1), aspirin-triggered resolvin D1 (AT-RvD1) and resolvin D2 (RvD2) might interfere with behavioral and neurochemical changes in the mouse fibromyalgia-like model induced by reserpine. Acute administration of AT-RvD1 and RvD2 produced a significant inhibition of mechanical allodynia and thermal sensitization in reserpine-treated mice, whereas RvD1 was devoid of effects. A similar antinociceptive effect was obtained by acutely treating animals with the reference drug pregabalin. Noteworthy, the repeated administration of AT-RvD1 and RvD2 also prevented the depressive-like behavior in reserpine-treated animals, according to assessment of immobility time, although the chronic administration of pregabalin failed to affect this parameter. The induction of fibromyalgia by reserpine triggered a marked decrease of dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) levels, as examined in total brain, spinal cord, cortex and thalamus. Reserpine also elicited a reduction of glutamate levels in total brain, and a significant increase in the spinal cord and thalamus. Chronic treatment with RvD2 prevented 5-HT reduction in total brain, and reversed the glutamate increases in total brain and spinal cord. Otherwise, AT-RvD1 led to a recovery of dopamine levels in cortex, and 5-HT in thalamus, whilst it diminished brain glutamate contents. Concerning pregabalin, this drug prevented dopamine reduction in total brain, and inhibited glutamate increase in brain and spinal cord of reserpine-treated animals. Our data provide novel evidence, showing the ability of D-series resolvins AT-RvD1, and mainly RvD2, in reducing painful and depressive symptoms allied to fibromyalgia in mice. PMID:24929111
Klein, Caroline P; Sperotto, Nathalia D M; Maciel, Izaque S; Leite, Carlos E; Souza, Alessandra H; Campos, Maria M
Test of fundamental symmetries via the Primakoff effect
The three neutral pseudoscalar mesons, ?0, ? and ?', represent one of the most interesting systems in strong interaction physics. A study of the electromagnetic properties of these mesons provides a sensitive probe of the symmetry structure of QCD at low energy. A comprehensive experimental program at Jefferson Laboratory (Jlab) is aimed at gathering high precision measurements on the two-photon decay widths and transition form factors at low Q2 of ?0, ? and ?' via the Primakoff effect. The completed experiments on the ?0 radiative decay width at Jlab 6 GeV, and other planned measurements at Jlab 12 GeV will provide a rich laboratory to test the chiral anomaly and to study the origin and dynamics of chiral symmetry breaking at the confinement scale of QCD.
Gan, Liping
Effects of white noise on Callsign Acquisition Test and Modified Rhyme Test scores
The Callsign Acquisition Test (CAT) is a speech intelligibility test developed by the US Army Research Laboratory. The test has been used to evaluate speech transmission through various communication systems but has not been yet sufficiently standardised and validated. The aim of this study was to compare CAT and Modified Rhyme Test (MRT) performance in the presence of white noise
Misty Blue-Terry; Tomasz Letowski
Comparing the Effects of Test Anxiety on Independent and Integrated Speaking Test Performance
Integrated speaking test tasks (integrated tasks) offer textual and/or aural input for test takers on which to base their subsequent oral responses. This path-analytic study modeled the relationship between test anxiety and the performance of such tasks and explored whether test anxiety would differentially affect the performance of independent…
Huang, Heng-Tsung Danny; Hung, Shao-Ting Alan
Effect of playing tactics on achieving score-box possessions in a random series of team possessions from Norwegian professional soccer matches
Methods of analysis that include an assessment of opponent interactions are thought to provide a more valid means of team match performance. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of playing tactics on achieving score-box possession by assessing opponent interactions in Norwegian elite soccer matches. We analysed a random series of 1703 team possessions from 163 of
Albin Tenga; Ingar Holme; Lars Tore Ronglan; Roald Bahr
Does self-directed and web-based support for parents enhance the effects of viewing a reality television series based on the Triple P - Positive Parenting Programme?
Background: This study investigated whether providing self-directed and web-based support for parents enhanced the effects of viewing a reality television series based on the Triple P - Positive Parenting Programme. Method: Parents with a child aged 2 to 9 (N = 454) were randomly assigned to either a standard or enhanced intervention condition. In the standard television alone viewing condi-
Matthew Sanders; Rachel Calam; Marianne Durand; Tom Liversidge; Sue Ann Carmont
Shielding effectiveness testing method of pulse electric field based on GTEM cell
In order to evaluate the shielding ability of materials under the radiation of electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a test method based on GTEM cell is put forward. And the test theory and the components of test system are introduced. The shielding box method is verified to be reasonable with simulation. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of one material is tested with this method, and the test results are compared with the results based on the coaxial method. The results show this test method can be used to test the effect of SE on EMP, and the test results can reflect the true shielding ability of the test material.
Zhang, Long; Wei, Guanghui; Hu, Xiaofeng; Li, Xinfeng
Assessing the psychological effects of prenatal screening tests for maternal and foetal conditions: a systematic review
Background: Foetal medicine advancements have increased the variety of prenatal screening tests that can be offered to women. Prenatal screening tests may have positive or negative effects for women. This systematic review aims to review the published literature to determine the psychological effects of prenatal screening tests for conditions that affect the mother, as compared to screening tests for conditions
James Matthew Harris; Linda Franck; Susan Michie
Test-Enhanced Learning of Natural Concepts: Effects on Recognition Memory, Classification, and Metacognition
Three experiments examined testing effects on learning of natural concepts and metacognitive assessments of such learning. Results revealed that testing enhanced recognition memory and classification accuracy for studied and novel exemplars of bird families on immediate and delayed tests. These effects depended on the balance of study and test…
Jacoby, Larry L.; Wahlheim, Christopher N.; Coane, Jennifer H.
Effects of Testing Conditions on Conceptual Survey Results
Pre-testing and post-testing is a commonly used method in Physics Education Research to assess student learning gains. It is well recognized in the community that timings and incentives in delivering conceptual tests can impact test results. However, it is difficult to control these variables across different studies. As a common practice, a…
Achievement Level Testing Effects on Rasch Item Difficulty Estimates.
The ability of the Rasch model to provide item difficulties and achievement test scores which are invariant is studied. Data for the study were obtained from students in grades 3 through 7 who took the Sequential Tests of Educational Progress (STEP III) Reading and Mathematics Concepts tests during a spring norming study. Each test contained 50…
Cohen, Allan S.; Kappy, Kathleen A.
Is Branch Coverage a Good Measure of Testing Effectiveness?
and the branch coverage over time. For the tested classes, (1) random test- ing reaches 93% branch coverage (2 on the execution of the program [18] under test. As an example the European Cooperation for Space Standardization and faults detected over time. The main results are: Â Random testing reaches 93% branch coverage on average
Meyer, Bertrand
Effects of strain on contractile force and number of sarcomeres in series of Xenopus laevis single muscle fibres during long-term culture
The aim of the present study is to test whether mechanical strain uniquely regulates muscle fibre atrophy\\/hypertrophy and\\u000a adaptation of the number of sarcomeres in series within mature muscle fibres in vitro. Mature single muscle fibres from Xenopus laevis illiofibularis muscle were cultured (4--97 days) while kept at negative strain (? 20% below passive slack length, `short\\u000a fibres') or at
R. T. Jaspers; H. M. Feenstra; A. K. Verheyen; W. J. Van der laarse; P. A. Huijing
The Effects of Home-Away Sequencing on the Length of Best-of-Seven Game Playoff Series
We analyze the number of games played in a seven-game playoff series under various home-away sequences. In doing so, we employ a simple Bernoulli model of home-field advantage in which the outcome of each game in the series depends only on whether it is played at home or away with respect to a designated home team. Considering all such sequences
Christopher M. Rump
Orientational ordering from molecular polarizabilities and an odd-even effect in nCB homologous series
The molecular polarizabilities of the homologous series of cyano-alkyl-biphenyl (CnH2n+1..CN for n = 5 to 9) have been calculated using two different internal field models. From these values the orientational order parameters have been obtained. The orientational ordering exhibits an odd-even alteration along the series. The variations of different parameters with the increase of alkyl chain length are discussed. The
M. Mitra
Micro-hardness experiments were conducted over a range of temperatures using a Nikon QM micro-hardness machine on a number of metallic glass (e.g. Zr-, Fe-, Al-) systems. Although high micro-hardness was exhibited at room temperature, significant hardness reductions were exhibited near the glass transition temperature, T{sub g}. The effects of changes in test temperature on the micro-hardness will be reported. The effects of exposure time on the hardness evolution at a given temperature will also be summarized to illustrate some of the differences in behavior of the systems shown. The extreme softening near T{sub g}, characteristic of bulk metallic glass systems, enables the exploration of novel deformation processing. In order to develop deformation processing windows, the evaluation of bulk metallic glass mechanical properties under quasi-static conditions and the determination of flow properties at different temperatures and strain rates are reported. The use of such information to create layered/composite bulk metallic glasses will be summarized.
The Effects of Vocal Intonation in Digit Span Testing
"Digit Span" subtests appear on many individual measures of intellectual and cognitive functioning and typically are interpreted as a reflection of individual skills. However, variations in the presentation of stimuli may affect results on these measures. Intonation, the drop in pitch of the examiner's voice, may influence performance by serving to signal the end of a digit series and to
M. G. Thomas; Teresa A. Hutchens
Testing polynomial covariate effects in linear and generalized linear mixed models*
An important feature of linear mixed models and generalized linear mixed models is that the conditional mean of the response given the random effects, after transformed by a link function, is linearly related to the fixed covariate effects and random effects. Therefore, it is of practical importance to test the adequacy of this assumption, particularly the assumption of linear covariate effects. In this paper, we review procedures that can be used for testing polynomial covariate effects in these popular models. Specifically, four types of hypothesis testing approaches are reviewed, i.e. R tests, likelihood ratio tests, score tests and residual-based tests. Derivation and performance of each testing procedure will be discussed, including a small simulation study for comparing the likelihood ratio tests with the score tests. PMID:19816591
Huang, Mingyan; Zhang, Daowen
Effects of Air Pollution on Postneonatal Infant Mortality Among Firstborn Infants in Seoul, Korea: Case-Crossover and Time-Series Analyses
Infants are known to be susceptible to the adverse health effects of ambient air pollution. The authors examined the relationship between air pollution and postneonatal mortality from all causes among firstborn infants in Seoul, Korea, during 1999-2003, using both case-crossover and time-series analyses. Using a bidirectional control-sampling approach, the authors compared the effects of various types of air pollution on
Ji-Young Son; Yong-Sung Cho; Jong-Tae Lee
Use of folk tests to detect ciguateric fish: a scientific evaluation of their effectiveness in Raivavae Island (Australes, French Polynesia).
Ciguatera fish poisoning is a seafood intoxication commonly afflicting island communities in the Pacific. These populations, which are strongly dependent on fish resources, have developed over centuries various strategies to decrease the risk of intoxication, including the use of folk tests to detect ciguateric fish. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of two folk tests commonly used in Raivavae Island (Australes, French Polynesia): the rigor mortis test (RMT) and the bleeding test (BT). A total of 107 fish were collected in Raivavae Lagoon, among which 80 were tested by five testers using the RMT versus 107 tested by four testers using BT. First, the performance between testers was compared. Second, the efficiency of these tests was compared with toxicity data obtained via the receptor binding assay (RBA) by assessing various parameter's values such as sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Comparisons of outcomes between folk tests and RBA analyses were considered: tests used separately or in a parallel versus the series approach by each tester. The overall efficiency of the RMT and BT tests was also evaluated when the judgments of all testers were "pooled". The results demonstrate that efficiencies varied between testers with one showing the best scores in detecting toxic fish: 55% with RMT and 69.2% with BT. BT gave the best results in detecting toxic fish as compared with RMT, giving also better agreement between testers. If high NPV and Se values were to be privileged, the data also suggest that the best way to limit cases of intoxication would be to use RMT and BT tests in a parallel approach. The use of traditional knowledge and a good knowledge of risky versus healthy fishing areas may help reduce the risk of intoxication among communities where ciguatera fish poisoning is highly prevalent. PMID:23289800
Darius, H T; Drescher, O; Ponton, D; Pawlowiez, R; Laurent, D; Dewailly, E; Chinain, M
Differential physiological effects during tonic painful hand immersion tests using hot and ice water
The cold pressor test (CPT) is an empirically validated test commonly used in research on stress, pain and cardiovascular reactivity. Surprisingly, the equivalent test with water heated to noxious temperatures (hot water immersion test, HIT) has not been thoroughly investigated. The aim of the present study was to characterize the physiological effects and psychophysics of both tests and to analyze
Anouk Streff; Linn K. Kuehl; Gilles Michaux; Fernand Anton
The Effect of Mode of Response on a Semidirect Test of Oral Proficiency
This article reports on a study conducted with 42 participants from a Chilean university, which aimed to determine the effect of mode of response on test performance and test-taker perception of test features by comparing a semidirect online version and a direct face-to-face version of a speaking test. Candidate performances on both test versions…
Kiddle, Thom; Kormos, Judit
Generally, thermal cycle tests (TCTs) are applied to under development electronic packages in order to prove their reliability. However, a more effective test is desirable because of the TCTs are time-consuming. This paper present a mechanical cyclic test for the QFN package, namely the three-point cyclic bending test, was proposed into the subject area. This fixture test method is a
S. Abdullah; M. F. Abdullah; A. K. Ariffin; M. N. Baharin; Z. A. Aziz; M. F. Mod Yunoh
... false Test to determine effect of evaporation on flammability. 35.22 Section...35.22 Test to determine effect of evaporation on flammability. (a) Purpose...test shall be to determine the effect of evaporation on the reduction of fire...
This document describes possible approaches to the testing of fuels and fuel additives for potential health effects. Such health effects testing is required of the manufacturer of a fuel or fuel additive. The health effects tests must include but are not limited to carcinogenic, ...
Homogeneity of Latvian temperature and precipitation series
During previous years and decades the homogenization of Latvian monthly temperature and precipitation data series was based on the direct homogenization methods which relayed on metadata and studies of the effects of specific changes in time of observation as well as methods of observation. However, the method is not effective for temperature and precipitation data series shifts detection caused by measurement's place relocation or environmental changes. The both climatological temperature and precipitation records are significantly affected by a number of non-climatological factors (station moves, changes in instrumentation; introduction of different observing practices like a different observing time or introduction of wetting corrections for precipitation, changes in the local urban environment). If these non-homogeneities are not accounted for properly, that makes the data unrepresentative to be used for analyses of climate state, variations and changes. Monthly and daily Latvian station series (1950-2008) of surface air temperature and precipitation are statistically tested with respect to homogeneity. Two homogeneity tests are applied to evaluate monthly series. The multiple analyses of series for homogenization MASHv3.02 has been applied to 23 Latvian mean, maximum and minimum daily and monthly data series and daily and monthly precipitation series. The standard normal homogeneity tests (SNHT) has been applied to monthly mean temperature and precipitation series. During the tested period the station network is dense enough for efficient homogeneity testing. It has been found that all the time series contain the homogeneity breaks at least during one of the month. For some stations the multiple breaks were found. For mean temperature time series the 80 % of the breaks are generally less than ±0.20C. The largest detected homogeneity breaks in the mean monthly temperatures are up to ±1.00C, in mean monthly maximum temperature are up to ±1.30C and for mean monthly minimum temperature are up to ±1.40C. The largest sizes of the breaks have been found for the summer months caused by station relocation. For precipitation time series almost 80% of inhomogeneities were caused by changes in instruments (new gauge type), introduction of wetting corrections and changes in the immediate environment (trees, buildings). In general, the results have shown that the changes in the operation of the stations account for inhomogeneity in 70% of cases, mostly due to the relocations of stations. Besides, the use of the MASH method allowed revealing technical errors that occurred while digitizing or calculating observation data. In general, the results of the SNHT and MASH tests were identical with minute differences in the correction factors identified. This work was carried out as a part of the COST Action ES0601: Advances in homogenisation methods of climate series: an integrated approach (HOME)
Lizuma, L.; Briede, A.
20-Atmosphere rig PFBC test results. Test II. Investigations into the effect of coal-size distribution
A series of tests is being carried out in a lft x lft pressurized fluidized-bed combustor. This report presents results obtained in Test 11 when the combustor was operated at 10 and 16 atm, 3 and 4-1/2 ft/s fluidizing velocity and 1560/sup 0/F bed temperature. The feedstock was comprised of Pittsburgh No. 8 coal and Plum Run dolomite. The main objective was to measure the performance when operating with two different coal size distributions - 1/8 inch x 1/16 inch and 1/16 inch x 0. Data on combustion efficiency, sulphur retention, NO/sub x/ emissions, alkali distributions and heat transfer are presented.
The Effects of Young EFL Learners' Perceptions of Tests on Test Anxiety
Studies conducted so far have mainly focused on the relationships between perceptions of tests and test anxiety among adult foreign language learners, while there is a lack of research focusing on young learners on the above-mentioned issue. Thus, this study aims to examine the relationship between test anxiety among young learners who study…
Aydin, Selami
Experiments to investigate the effect of flight path on direct containment heating (DCH) in the Surtsey test facility
The goal of the Limited Flight Path (LFP) test series was to investigate the effect of reactor subcompartment flight path length on direct containment heating (DCH). The test series consisted of eight experiments with nominal flight paths of 1, 2, or 8 m. A thermitically generated mixture of iron, chromium, and alumina simulated the corium melt of a severe reactor accident. After thermite ignition, superheated steam forcibly ejected the molten debris into a 1:10 linear scale the model of a dry reactor cavity. The blowdown steam entrained the molten debris and dispersed it into the Surtsey vessel. The vessel pressure, gas temperature, debris temperature, hydrogen produced by steam/metal reactions, debris velocity, mass dispersed into the Surtsey vessel, and debris particle size were measured for each experiment. The measured peak pressure for each experiment was normalized by the total amount of energy introduced into the Surtsey vessel; the normalized pressures increased with lengthened flight path. The debris temperature at the cavity exit was about 2320 K. Gas grab samples indicated that steam in the cavity reacted rapidly to form hydrogen, so the driving gas was a mixture of steam and hydrogen. These experiments indicate that debris may be trapped in reactor subcompartments and thus will not efficiently transfer heat to gas in the upper dome of a containment building. The effect of deentrainment by reactor subcompartments may significantly reduce the peak containment load in a severe reactor accident. 8 refs., 49 figs., 6 tabs.
Allen, M.D.; Pilch, M.; Griffith, R.O. (Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (United States)); Nichols, R.T. (Ktech Corp., Albuquerque, NM (United States))
Anvil effect in spherical indentation testing on sheet metal
, such testing methods are extremely localized, require skilled labor, and are much more expensive than the conventional Brinell or Rockwell hardness testing methods. Moreover, these latter methods use large indenters which ensure that each impression covers..., such testing methods are extremely localized, require skilled labor, and are much more expensive than the conventional Brinell or Rockwell hardness testing methods. Moreover, these latter methods use large indenters which ensure that each impression covers...
Dhaigude, Mayuresh Mukund
The Effects of Test Preparation Activities on ACT Assessment Scores.
"Test preparation" activities can range from simple practice to in-depth instruction, but most of these activities use some form of test familiarization, drill and practice with feedback, training in strategies for specific item types, and general test-taking, subject-matter review, and skill development exercises. Two experiments were conducted…
Scholes, Roberta J.; Lain, M. Margaret
Biophysical profile (BPP) test is the most commonly used antenatal test of fetal well-being. Purpose of this study is determining the influence of acoustic stimulation (AS) on BPP testing time. About 55 pregnant women at 35 to 42 weeks who referred to department of Obstetric & Gynecology at university of medical sciences, Tabriz, Iran, were selected randomly. We used abdominal
M. Pourissa; S. Refahi; M. Javid Majd; A. Mardi
The Effect of Schooling and Ability of Achievement Test Scores
This paper develops two methods for estimating the e!ect of schooling on achievement test scores that control for the endogeneity of schooling by postulating that both schooling and test scores are generated by a common unobserved latent ability. These methods are applied to data on schooling and test scores. Estimates from the two methods are in close agreement. We ,nd
Accelerated life testing effects on CMOS microcircuit characteristics
Accelerated life tests were performed on CMOS microcircuits to predict their long term reliability. The consistency of the CMOS microcircuit activation energy between the range of 125 C to 200 C and the range 200 C to 250 C was determined. Results indicate CMOS complexity and the amount of moisture detected inside the devices after testing influences time to failure of tested CMOS devices.
Wind tunnel test of model target thrust reversers for the Pratt and Whitney aircraft JT8D-100 series engines installed on a 727-200 airplane
The results of a low speed wind tunnel test of 0.046 scale model target thrust reversers installed on a 727-200 model airplane are presented. The full airplane model was mounted on a force balance, except for the nacelles and thrust reversers, which were independently mounted and isolated from it. The installation had the capability of simulating the inlet airflows and of supplying the correct proportions of primary and secondary air to the nozzles. The objectives of the test were to assess the compatibility of the thrust reversers target door design with the engine and airplane. The following measurements were made: hot gas ingestion at the nacelle inlets; model lift, drag, and pitching moment; hot gas impingement on the airplane structure; and qualitative assessment of the rudder effectiveness. The major parameters controlling hot gas ingestion were found to be thrust reverser orientation, engine power setting, and the lip height of the bottom thrust reverser doors on the side nacelles. The thrust reversers tended to increase the model lift, decrease the drag, and decrease the pitching moment.
Hambly, D.
Castle series, 1954. Technical report
CASTLE was an atmospheric nuclear weapons test series held in the Marshall Islands at Enewetak and Bikini atolls in 1954. This is a report of DOD peronnel in CASTLE with an emphasis on operations and radiological safety.
Martin, E.J.; Rowland, R.H.
Development and Demonstration of a Computational Tool for the Analysis of Particle Vitiation Effects in Hypersonic Propulsion Test Facilities
In order to improve the understanding of particle vitiation effects in hypersonic propulsion test facilities, a quasi-one dimensional numerical tool was developed to efficiently model reacting particle-gas flows over a wide range of conditions. Features of this code include gas-phase finite-rate kinetics, a global porous-particle combustion model, mass, momentum and energy interactions between phases, and subsonic and supersonic particle drag and heat transfer models. The basic capabilities of this tool were validated against available data or other validated codes. To demonstrate the capabilities of the code a series of computations were performed for a model hypersonic propulsion test facility and scramjet. Parameters studied were simulated flight Mach number, particle size, particle mass fraction and particle material.
Perkins, Hugh Douglas
This report covers the time period from May 1976 to December 1979 and encompasses the three phases of accelerated testing: Phase 1, the 250 C testing; Phase 2, the 200 C testing; and Phase 3, the 125 C testing. The duration of the test in Phase 1 and Phase 2 was sufficient to take the devices into the wear out region. The wear out distributions were used to estimate the activation energy between the 250 C and the 200 C test temperatures. The duration of the 125 C test, 20,000 hours, was not sufficient to bring the test devices into the wear out region; consequently the third data point at 125 C for determining the consistency of activation energy could not be obtained. It was estimated that, for the most complex of the three device types, the activation energy between 200 C and 125 C should be at least as high as that between 250 C and 200 C. The practicality of the use of high temperature for the accelerated life tests from the point of view of durability of equipment was assessed. Guidelines for the development of accelerated life test conditions were proposed. The use of the silicon nitride overcoat to improve the high temperature accelerated life test characteristics of CMOS microcircuits was explored in Phase 4 of this study and is attached as an appendix to this report.
The Environmental Technology Verification report discusses the technology and performance of the AeroStar "C-Series" Polyester Panel Filter air filter for dust and bioaerosol filtration manufactured by Filtration Group. The pressure drop across the filter was 126 Pa clean and 267...
Effects of air ventilation during stationary exercise testing.
The impact of air ventilation on performance and physiological responses during stationary exercise in the laboratory was studied. Fourteen well-trained cyclists performed three exercise tests on a cycle ergometer, each separated by a 1-week interval. The first test was a graded test to determine the power output corresponding with the 4-mmol l(-1) lactate level. Tests 2 and 3 were 30-min constant-load tests at a power output corresponding with this 4-mmol l(-1) lactate threshold. One constant-load test was performed in the absence (NAV), whilst the other was performed in the presence (AV) of air ventilation (3 m s(-1)). During the constant-load tests, heart rate, tympanic temperature, blood lactate concentration and oxygen uptake (VO2) were measured at 10-min intervals and at the end of the test. Differences between the two test conditions were evaluated using paired t-tests. During NAV, 12 subjects interrupted the test due to premature exhaustion (exercise duration <30 min), versus only seven in AV ( P<0.05). At the end of the test tympanic temperature was 35.9 (0.2) degrees C in AV and was higher in NAV [36.7 (0.2) degrees C, P<0.05]. Exercise heart rate increased at a faster rate during NAV [+2.2 (0.3) beats min(-1)] than during AV [+1.5 (0.2) beats min(-1), P<0.05]. Blood lactate concentration and VO2 were similar between conditions. Air ventilation is essential to prevent an upward shift in the lactate:heart rate as well as the power output:heart rate relationship during laboratory exercise testing and indoor exercise training. PMID:15083366
Van Schuylenbergh, R; Vanden Eynde, B; Hespel, P
Effects of time-series length and gauge network density on rainfall climatology estimates in Latin America
Despite recent advances in the development of satellite sensors for monitoring precipitation at high spatial and temporal resolutions, the assessment of rainfall climatology still relies strongly on ground-station measurements. The Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) is one of the most popular stations database available for the international community. Nevertheless, the spatial distribution of these stations is not always homogeneous and the record length largely varies for each station. This study aimed to evaluate how the number of years recorded in the GHCN stations and the density of the network affect the uncertainties of annual rainfall climatology estimates in Latin America. The method applied was divided in two phases. In the first phase, Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate how the number of samples and the characteristics of rainfall regime affect estimates of annual average rainfall. The simulations were performed using gamma distributions with pre-defined parameters, which generated synthetic annual precipitation records. The average and dispersion of the synthetic records were then estimated through the L-moments approach and compared with the original probability distribution that was used to produce the samples. The number of records (n) used in the simulation varied from 10 to 150, reproducing the range of number of years typically found in meteorological stations. A power function, in the form RMSE= f(n) = c.na, where the coefficients were defined as a function of the rainfall statistical dispersion, was applied to fit the errors. In the second phase of the assessment, the results of the simulations were extrapolated to real records obtained by the GHCN over Latin America, creating estimates of errors associated with number of records and rainfall characteristics in each station. To generate a spatially-explicit representation of the uncertainties, the errors in each station were interpolated using the inverse distance weighting method. Furthermore, the effect of the density of stations was also considered by penalizing the interpolated errors proportionally to the station density in the site. The results showed a large discrepancy on rainfall estimate uncertainties among Latin American countries. The uncertainties varied from less than 2% in the Southeastern region of Brazil, to around 40% in regions with low stations density and short time-series at Southern Peru. Therefore, the results highlight the importance of international cooperation for climate data sharing among Latin American countries. In this context, projects aiming at improving scientific cooperation and fostering information based policy such as EUROCLIMA and RALCEA, funded by the European Commission, offer an important opportunity for reducing uncertainties on estimates of climate variables in Latin America.
Maeda, E.; Arevalo, J.; Carmona-Moreno, C.
Empirical estimation of the effect of urban heat advection on the temperature series of De Bilt (The Netherlands)
The influence of urban heat advection on the temperature time series of the Dutch GCOS station De Bilt has been studied empirically by comparing the hourly meteorological observations (1993-2000) with those of the nearby (7.5 km) rural station at Soesterberg. Station De Bilt is in the transition zone (TZ) between the urban and rural area, being surrounded by three towns,
T. Brandsma; H. R. A. Wessels
Investigating tropospheric effects and seasonal position variations in GPS and DORIS time-series from the Nepal Himalaya
Geodetic time-series from continuous GPS (cGPS) and 1 DORIS stations across the Himalaya of central Nepal show strong seasonal fluctuations observed on the horizontal and vertical components. Because the fluctuations determined at the different stations have similar phase but different amplitudes, these observations would imply that the secular shortening across the range is modulated by a seasonal strain. Given the
Mireille Flouzat; Pierre Bettinelli; Pascal Willis; Jean-Philippe Avouac; Thierry Héritier; Umesh Gautam
Examining the Testing Effect with Open-and Closed-Book Tests
). Closed-book tests represent the norm, especially in higher education. During a closed-book test, students on learning and long-term retention. The fact that students engage in cognitive processes that promote and higher education (e.g. Baillie & Toohey, 1997; Ben-Chaim & Zoller, 1997; Eilertsen & Valdermo, 2000
McDermott, Kathleen
Polytomous Adaptive Classification Testing: Effects of Item Pool Size, Test Termination Criterion, and Number of Cutscores
Computer-adaptive classification tests focus on classifying respondents in different proficiency groups (e.g., for pass/fail decisions). To date, adaptive classification testing has been dominated by research on dichotomous response formats and classifications in two groups. This article extends this line of research to polytomous classification…
Gnambs, Timo; Batinic, Bernad
Effects of Test-Taker Characteristics and the Number of Participants in Group Oral Tests
This study explores the nature of co-constructed interaction in group oral tests by examining whether a test-taker's own and his or her group members' extraversion levels and oral proficiency levels have different influences on conversational styles between two group sizes: groups of three and groups of four. Data were collected from 269 Japanese…
Nakatsuhara, Fumiyo
Effects of Misinformation on the Concealed Knowledge Test.
Misinformation effects occur in laboratory settings despite disagreement over the mechanism(s) responsible for such effects. Both memory impairment and non-impairment hypotheses explain the phenomenon. The effects of misinformation were examined using the...
S. L. Amato-Henderson
Priming effect as determined by adding 14 C-glucose to modified controlled composting test
The development of new biodegradable packaging materials, especially biodegradable plastics, has created a need for biodegradability testing. The European standard for controlled composting test was used in this study for assessing if the addition of a test material results in excess CO2 production in compost. This effect, designated as the priming effect, would give an erroneous result for biodegradation, which
Marja Tuomela; Annele Hatakka; Sari Karjomaa; Merja Itävaara
40 CFR 53.56 - Test for effect of variations in ambient pressure.
...Test for effect of variations in ambient pressure. 53.56 Section 53.56 Protection...Test for effect of variations in ambient pressure. (a) Overview. (1) This...under variations in ambient (barometric) pressure. Tests shall be conducted in a...
The Effects of Repeated Retention Tests Can Benefit as Well as Degrade Timing Performance
In this study, we examined the effects of interference and repeated retention tests by comparing groups that performed (a) one or two tests, or (b) two tests separated by interpolated tasks. The task involved pressing five keys in 925 ms. Constant error increased after Block 1 of the second test for the group completing the interpolated tasks.…
Fairbrother, Jeffrey T.; Barros, Joao Augusto de Camargo
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STUDENTS' TEST DATA C. Stringfellow, Z. Kurunthottical
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STUDENTS' TEST DATA C. Stringfellow, Z. Kurunthottical email@example.com, firstname.lastname@example.com ABSTRACT One of the challenges for students is to come up with appropriate test cases to test the applications they develop. The challenge for instructors is to come up with a small test suite
Stringfellow, Catherine V.
The Positive and Negative Effects of Science Concept Tests on Student Conceptual Understanding
This study explored the phenomenon of testing effect during science concept assessments, including the mechanism behind it and its impact upon a learner's conceptual understanding. The participants consisted of 208 high school students, in either the 11th or 12th grade. Three types of tests (traditional multiple-choice test, correct concept test,…
Chang, Chun-Yen; Yeh, Ting-Kuang; Barufaldi, James P.
BBR Asphalt mixture creep test BBR Asphalt mixture creep size effect
#12;Outline Ă?BBR Asphalt mixture creep test Ă?BBR Asphalt mixture creep size effect Ă?BBR Asphalt mixture strength test Ă?BBR Asphalt binder strength test #12;Asphalt Pavements Ă?Recent efforts under NCHRP Idea funding to explore the possibility of testing small asphalt mixture specimens at low temperatures
Minnesota, University of
Chiral chromatography of amino acids on porous graphitic carbon coated with a series of N-substituted l-phenylalanine selectors effect of the anchor molecule on enantioselectivity
Six chiral stationary phases were prepared by coating the surface of porous graphitic carbon (PGC) with a series of N-substituted l-phenylalanine chiral selectors. The N-substituents served as anchor molecules for immobilization of chiral selectors on the support material. The effect of the alkyl (C7, C9, C12) and aryl (methoxybenzyl, naphthylmethyl, anthrylmethyl) anchor molecules on retention and enantioselectivity was studied using
Qian-Hong Wan; P. Nicholas Shaw; Martyn C. Davies; David A. Barrett
Effect of homologous series of n-alkyl sulfates and n-alkyl trimethylammonium bromides on low molecular mass protein tyrosine phosphatase activity
The effect of anionic and cationic surfactants on acid phosphatase denaturation has been extensively studied. Low molecular mass (LMr) protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP), a key regulatory enzyme involved in many different processes in the cell, was distinctly affected by anionic (homologous series of n-alkyl sulfates (C8-C14)) and cationic (n-alkyl trimethylammonium bromides (C12-C16)) surfactants. At concentrations 10-fold lower critical micellar concentration
José Mauro Granjeiro; Marcio André Miranda; Maria da Glória S. T. Maia; Carmen Veríssima Ferreira; Eulázio Mikio Taga; Hiroshi Aoyama; Pedro Luiz Onofrio Volpe
Effectiveness of anonymised information sharing and use in health service, police, and local government partnership for preventing violence related injury: experimental study and time series analysis
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of anonymised information sharing to prevent injury related to violence.Design Experimental study and time series analysis of a prototype community partnership between the health service, police, and local government partners designed to prevent violence.Setting Cardiff, Wales, and 14 comparison cities designated "most similar" by the Home Office in England and Wales.Intervention After a 33 month
Curtis Florence; Jonathan Shepherd; Iain Brennan; Thomas Simon
Effect of structurally constrained oxime-ether linker on PPAR subtype selectivity: Discovery of a novel and potent series of PPAR-pan agonists.
A novel series of thaizole and oxazole containing phenoxy acetic acid derivatives is reported as PPAR-pan agonists. Incorporation of structurally constrained oxime-ether based linker in the chemotype of a potent PPAR? selective agonist GW-501516 was adapted as designing strategy. In vitro, selected test compounds 12a, 12c, 17a and 18a showed PPAR-pan agonists activities and among these four compounds tested, 12a emerged as highly potent and efficacious compound, while 17a exhibited moderate and balanced PPAR-pan agonistic activity. In vivo, selected test compounds 12a and 17a exhibited significant anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities in relevant animal models. These results support our hypothesis that the introduction of structurally constrained oxime-ether linker between lipophilic tail and acidic head plays an important role in modulating subtype selectivity and subsequently led to the discovery of potent PPAR-pan agonists. PMID:21215640
Makadia, Pankaj; Shah, Shailesh R; Pingali, Harikishore; Zaware, Pandurang; Patel, Darshit; Pola, Suresh; Thube, Baban; Priyadarshini, Priyanka; Suthar, Dinesh; Shah, Maanan; Giri, Suresh; Trivedi, Chitrang; Jain, Mukul; Patel, Pankaj; Bahekar, Rajesh
The Effect of Proficiency Testing Participation on Laboratory Performance
Data accumulated through the proficiency testing program operated by the Canadian Association for Environmental Analytical Laboratories (CAEAL) was evaluated to determine if proficiency testing participation results in improved laboratory performance. The data shows that, on average, PT performance scores increase over the first few rounds followed by a plateau. This corresponds to a decreased variation in scores. It is suggested
Ken Middlebrook; Andrew Morris
Effects of Instruction and Stage-Fright on Intelligence Testing
In the present research, it was tried to unravel the influence of various types of instruction on test anxiety levels and, in turn, its influence on intelligence test performance. Three types of instruction were compared: a stressful, achievement-orientated instruction; a reassuring, task-orientated instruction; and an ambiguous instruction.…
Meijer, Joost; Oostdam, Ron
TAMA General Knowledge Test; Technical Report 23. Disadvantaged Children and Their First School Experiences. ETS-Head Start Longitudinal Study. Technical Report Series.
The TAMA was designed specifically for the Longitudinal Study as a nonverbal test of general knowledge. The test requires the child to point to the correct picture among three alternatives in response to a question. The two practice items and 25 test items are printed on bound cards, mostly in black and white. Items can be classified as follows:…
Gilbert, Lynn E.; Shipman, Virginia C.
The Hole-Count Test Revisited: Effects of Test Specimen Thickness
For historical reasons the hole count, an important performance test for the Analytical Electron Microscope (AEM), is somewhat arbitrary yielding different numbers for different investigators. This was not a problem a decade ago when AEM specimens were often bathed with large fluxes of stray electrons and hard x rays. At that time the presence or absence of a thick Pt second condenser (C2) aperture could be detected by a simple comparison of the x-ray spectrum taken 'somewhere in the hole' with a spectrum collected on a 'typical thickness' of Mo or Ag foil. A high hole count of about 10-20% indicated that the electron column needed modifications; whereas a hole count of 1-2% was accepted for most AEM work. The absolute level of the hole count is a function of test specimen atomic number, overall specimen shape, and thin-foil thickness. In order that equivalent results may be obtained for any AEM in any laboratory in the world, this test must become standardized. The hole-count test we seek must be as simpl and as nonsubjective as the graphite 0.344nm lattice-line-resolution test. This lattice-resolution test spurred manufacturers to improve the image resolution of the TEM significantly in the 1970s and led to the even more stringent resolution tests of today. A similar phenomenon for AEM instruments would be welcome. The hole-count test can also indicate whether the spurious x-ray signal is generated by high-energy continuum x rays (bremsstrahlung) generated in the electron column (high K-line to L-line ratio) or uncollimated electrons passing through or around the C2 aperture (low K/L ratio).
Lyman, C. E.; Ackland, D. W.; Williams, D. B.; Goldstein, J. I.
Likelihood ratio tests for unit roots in panels with random effects
The context is a simple panel time series, where the individuals are linked through a random effect in the mean. The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) of the autoregressive parameter is studied. It seems hard to find an explicit expression for this estimator. Instead we propose an alternative estimator which, under the null of a unit root, is proved to be
Rolf Larsson; Johan Lyhagen
Effects of Experimenter Gender, Testing Context and Marital Status Upon Marital Role Expectations
We examined the effects of participant (P) gender, experimenter (E) gender, presence or absence of P's dating partner, marital status, and age upon scores from college students using the Dunn (1960) Marital Role Expectations Inventory in a series of two experiments. In Experiment 1 with P couples, there were two significant interactions: (1) presence or absence of partner × E
Carl Bartling; Brenda Broussard
A gamma-ray testing technique for spacecraft. [considering cosmic radiation effects
The simulated cosmic radiation effect on a spacecraft structure is evaluated by gamma ray testing in relation to structural thickness. A drawing of the test set-up is provided and measurement errors are discussed.
Gribov, B. S.; Repin, N. N.; Sakovich, V. A.; Sakharov, V. M.
Current tests required for pesticide registration do not investigate the potential effects of chemical exposure on plant development. The tests investigate only seedling emergence and early growth. Previous research has shown that significant impacts can occur to plant developm...
The effect of effort on baseline neuropsychological test scores in high school football athletes