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So my dad is purchasing an auto 97 SS $360. There's a rod knock. He wants to stroke the motor ( 383 stroker ) but leave the cam ( whether its stock i dont know but im 99% sure it is ). Will he see ANY gains to this?
View Full Version : 383 question ckyconan2003 01-05-2008, 11:47 PM So my dad is purchasing an auto 97 SS $360. There's a rod knock. He wants to stroke the motor ( 383 stroker ) but leave the cam ( whether its stock i dont know but im 99% sure it is ). Will he see ANY gains to this? JonCR96Z 01-06-2008, 01:04 AM Gains? maybe. Cam would make a tremendous difference over the stock one on a 383. For an extra $250 it would be stupid not to. I mean the stock cam will have to come out anyway for the rebuild, so there no extra labor. Jon 96capricemgr 01-06-2008, 09:44 AM A 383 without addressing the heads and cam is a huge mistake. There is a kid on here who got taken for a ride by a bad machineshop. Kept stock heads and put a little more cam in it and the thing put basically stock power too the wheels and runs slower on the bottle than my car does NA. He finally found some forums and is now in the process of learning so he can correct all the mistakes made the first time around. Turn the crank and replace the knocking rod. If you need a single replacement rod shoot me a PM I have sold singles to guys in this position before. Can get the car back up and running for a few hundred dollars. ckyconan2003 01-06-2008, 10:14 AM he wants to put a mild cam in the car. What would you reccomend for value of the car? rebuild it to stock? 96capricemgr 01-06-2008, 10:30 AM I would not machine the block atall. Turn the crank and rebearing or if you have your old crank polish it and rebearing. The single knocking rod would need replacing simply because that is cheaper than reconditioning. I helped a guy who was out of work and on a TIGHT budget do this last winter. Crank polished is like $35 grinding is like 110+ I have sold individual rods with piston for $20 shipped, put your rings on it The stock Mahle bearings are like $80 Would put a $3 higher pressure oil pump relief spring in it. $51 for the felpro conversion gasket set, basically the bottomened and timing cover $20 intake set $45 for a set of Victor Rienz .026 gaskets, like the Mr. Gasket but without the bad packaging, these will get you some compression $15 for a set of plugs Throw in a set of wires and I still think that comes in under $400. You will not get your money back out of an engine build. Red1996SS1519 01-06-2008, 08:21 PM "So my dad is purchasing an auto 97 SS $360" , WHAT!!!! Buying a 97 SS for $350 ??? R u serious? I'll but it from him for $3500 :) infinitebird 01-06-2008, 09:16 PM 383 with the stock cam lol. I would advise your dad to maybe do a little research on these cars before he does any modding. |

subset: commoncrawl


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Faculty & Staff News: Announcements
Annual Service Awards Recognize Faculty & Staff
See a copy of the program listing faculty and staff with 5 to 45 years of service to Baylor University.
UPDATE: Baylor to Close at 1:15 p.m. Today (Feb. 23, 2015), Law School Classes Will Be Canceled Following 2:15 p.m. Class
WACO, Texas (Feb. 23, 2015) – Baylor University will close early at 1:15 p.m. today (Monday, Feb. 23, 2015) because of inclement weather conditions. Offices will be closed, and all classes after 1:15 p.m. have been canceled. The 2:15 p.m. class at Baylor Law School will be held as scheduled. However, all classes at the law school after 2:15 pm. have been canceled.
Faculty & Staff Go Above & Beyond the Campaign!
The Waco McLennan County United Way newsletter shares how Baylor Faculty and Staff went above and beyond for the annual campaign.
Additional Benefits for Faculty & Staff
If it has been a while since you perused the list of additional benefits available for faculty and staff, refresh your memory.
What's in the BaylorNews?
The Winter 2015 edition of BaylorNews hits mailboxes this week. For all BaylorNews Winter 2015 articles, visit www.baylor.edu/bn today!
Life Changing Events
Is a life changing event in your future? If so, plan for changes in your Baylor benefit enrollment!
RSVP for Cultural Connection Celebration today
Today is the last day to RSVP for the Cultural Connection Celebration to be held this Thursday, Feb. 5 at 5:30PM. Dr. Debbie Z. Harwell from the University of Houston will be the keynote speaker.
McMullen Chef Showcase: Mindful Eating Made Easy
The McMullen-Connally Faculty Center will host Jill Hamilton for Chef Showcase from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. on Wednesday, January 21 promoting a menu emphasizing lower sodium and heart healthy fats.
Spring faculty meeting Thursday
The spring faculty meeting will be held on Thursday, January 15 at 3:30 p.m. in Roxy Grove Hall, where newly appointed executive vice president and provost, Dr. Ed Trevatham, will be introduced.
Pick Your Mix breakfast treats available at East Village Bakery
Baylor Dining Services has received several appeals and feedback to develop a special faculty and staff request. Therefore, starting January 12 the East Village Bakery will be offering a "Pick Your Mix" assorted breakfast box especially geared to departments.
Emergency Notification Test Friday
The monthly test of the outdoor mass notification and indoor voice evacuation systems will occur this Friday, January 9th between 2:15 and 2:30 PM. There will be several activations of the systems during this 15 minute period, each activation approximately 30 seconds long.
Fourth Street to Close Jan. 7-9 Due to Foster Campus Crane Removal
Beginning at noon Wednesday, Jan. 7, construction crews will begin dismantling and removing a crane at the site of the Foster Campus for Business and Innovation. This work will close the northbound and southbound lanes of Fourth Street between Hopkins Street and Bagby Avenue until noon Friday, Jan. 9.
Baylor Mourns Passing of Dr. Randy Lofgren
WACO, Texas (Dec. 28, 2014) -- Baylor University is mourning the passing of Dr. Randy Lofgren, B.M.Ed. '62, M.M. '70 and Ed.D. '74, retired associate vice president of constituent engagement, who died Dec. 26 at the age of 74. A memorial service will be held at 7:30 p.m. Tuesday, Dec. 30, at Calvary Baptist Church, 1001 North 18th A Street in Waco, with Dr. Randall O'Brien officiating.
Energy Curtailment in Campus Buildings During Christmas Break
During the upcoming winter break, Baylor University has a unique opportunity to save considerable utility costs by curtailing the use of energy in campus buildings that are closed or have minimal occupancy.
SUB Food Court offers Faculty/Staff discount
Though residential and employee dining facilities are closed for the fall semester, faculty and staff can enjoy a discount in the SUB Food Court.
Third Street Closure Planned Dec. 16-18 for Water Line Work
The southbound lane of Third Street on the Baylor campus is scheduled for closure between Bagby Avenue and the East Campus Parking Facility from 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Wednesday, Dec. 17, through Friday, Dec. 19.
Advance Tickets: Monster Truck World Championships at McLane Stadium
Advance, discount tickets to the Monster Truck World Championships will go on sale for Baylor faculty, staff and students December 10-11.
Bring a Bear, Build a Bridge
Staff Council is teaming with local service agencies to build a "Bridge of Caring" to some of the neediest children and families.
HR Advisory - News & Information You Can Use!
See what your colleagues are saying about the HR Advisory.
Lift Up Your Hearts: a service of prayer & worship for the Baylor Family
On Wednesday, December 10, please join us for a service of prayer and worship with the Baylor family as we bring the semester to an end and begin preparing for the coming of Christ. Various members of the Baylor community will lead in worship. The "Lift Up Your Hearts" worship service will begin at 11 AM in the Truett Seminary Chapel.


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In late 2011, we discussed NVIDIA's thoughts on what the future of PC gaming would bring, and as we discovered, it wasn't going to die (*gasp* *shock* *awe*). Instead, relayed reports stated that PC gaming could overtake console gaming as early as 2014.
That was 27 months ago. Since then, I think the PC has proven itself as a gaming platform. Game developers have begun to take Mac OS X and Linux more seriously, and Valve has gone out of its way to not only support both, but produce an operating system that helps bring PC gaming to the TV – literally catering to console gamers who don't want to sit at a desk.
Well, things get even better, at least on the Steam front: The service has broken through the 7 million concurrent user barrier.
It's worth noting a counter-point: Those 7 million users were just online – about 23% of them were actually in a game. That counter could be countered with the premise that a lot of console gamers don't game 100% of the time they're logged in, either. In fact, Netflix seems to be an ultra-popular use for all of the available consoles and PC alike.
A major contributing factor to this achievement is the popularity of Dota 2, a game that also holds a record for number of concurrent users on Steam. Before its release, Team Fortress 2 was Steam's leading game, averaging 200,000 or so each night. Dota 2, by contrast, reaches a peak of at least 500,000 users on any given day. That's nothing short of incredible.
As I've said before, PC gaming isn't dead. It's just getting started.


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OMPS hosts a number of programs and events on a weekly, monthly, and yearly basis. Many of the signature programs of OMPS include weekly, biweekly, and monthly meetings and trainings. Use the navigation links to the left for the specifics of each program.
In addition to these signature programs, OMPS sponsors and cosponsors the events below:
Flavors of Emory 8/24/2014 | 5:30-7:00p | DUC Terraces |
Restart Last Saturdays | 10:00p-midnight | OMPS |
Multicultural Mondays TBD |
Unity Month November |
Leadership, Service, & Diversity Awards TBD |
OMPS End-of-Year Celebration TBD |


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Winners for 2011 in Best Remote Access App
Second Place
PocketCloud Remote Desktop Pro - RDP / VNC / View
iOS App by Wyse Technology Inc.
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TeamViewer for Remote Control
Android App by TeamViewer
Third Place
TeamViewer for Remote Control
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Splashtop Remote Desktop
Android App by Splashtop
Honorable Mentions
Screens VNC - Control your computer remotely
iOS App by Edovia Inc.
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iOS App by LogMeIn, Inc.
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Air Display
iOS App by Avatron Software, Inc.
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Jump Desktop (Remote Desktop)
iOS App by Phase Five Systems
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iTeleport: VNC & RDP
iOS App by iTeleport Inc.
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iSSH - SSH / VNC Console
iOS App by Zinger-Soft
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Citrix Receiver.
iOS App by Citrix Systems, Inc.
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PocketCloud Explore
Android App by Wyse Technology Inc
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LogMeIn Ignition
Android App by LogMeIn, Inc.
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Mocha VNC
Android App by MochaSoft
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VNC Viewer
Android App by RealVNC Limited
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GoToMyPC (Remote Desktop)
Android App by Citrix Online, a division of Citrix Systems, Inc
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Jump Desktop (RDP & VNC)
Android App by Phase Five Systems LLC
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Android App by SugarSync, Inc.
2011 Awards Sponsor
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The Portable Gamer - Mobile gaming magazine for the casual gamer.
The App Hall of Fame - An archive of the very best in apps and games.
148Apps.biz - iPhone development news and information for the community, by the community.
GiggleApps - iPhone applications reviews for kids and parents.


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Publications (10)43.58 Total impact
- Hearing research 01/2010; 259(1-2):118. · 2.85 Impact Factor
Article: Adenoviral and adeno-associated viral vector mediated gene transfer in the guinea pig cochlea.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Peripheral sensorineural hearing loss is a very common inner ear disorder affecting nearly 10% of the population. At present there is no cure for this disorder but gene therapy has been suggested as a potentially effective method for clinical treatment in the future. Thus we investigated the effectiveness of adenoviral (Ad) and adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors to transduce the cochlea of guinea pigs. After direct injection into the basal turn of the cochlea, we found that both Ad and AAV vectors coding for the reporter genes lacZ or GFP readily transduced spiral ganglion cells. In addition, some transgene expression was detected in the stria vascularis after AAV-GFP injection. Gene expression persisted at least 8 weeks after viral vector injection. Present findings will help to develop future gene therapy protocols in the inner ear by using Ad and AAV coding for neurotrophins such as NT-3, BDNF, GDNF and VEGF.Neuroreport 08/2002; 13(10):1295-9. · 1.64 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: During the last decade, there have been numerous interesting findings regarding the roles of neurotrophins, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species, glutamate receptors, and shock protein in the auditory system. These findings have provided a scientific basis for the development of techniques to protect the auditory system against trauma as well as for the treatment of peripheral hearing disorders. This review focuses on recent advances in experimental prevention and treatment of hearing impairment which are expected to be of clinical value in the near future. Viral vector and non-viral vector gene therapy and transplantation of stem cells are discussed as potential treatments of irreversible sensorineural inner ear damage.Hearing Research 08/2002; 169(1-2):169-78. · 2.85 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The role of glutamate receptors was investigated by infusing N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-isoxazol-propionate (AMPA) into the guinea pig cochlea. Auditory brainstem response thresholds and forward masking were used to determine auditory sensitivity. In the presence of 330 microM NMDA, the auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds were elevated by 20-30 dB at 2 kHz and 8 kHz, and the slopes of the forward masking curves were not significantly different from controls. When a high concentration of NMDA (15 mM) was used, ABR thresholds were elevated by 40-50 dB at 2 kHz and 8 kHz and the slopes of the forward masking curves were significantly decreased. In contrast, when AMPA (150 microM) was infused, ABR thresholds were elevated by 20-35 dB at 2 and 8 kHz and the slopes of the forward masking curves were significantly decreased from the control group. When the concentration of AMPA was decreased (100 microM). ABR thresholds were not significantly altered but the slopes of the forward masking curves were significantly decreased from control values. The present study suggests that AMPA receptors play a significantly more important role in short-term adaptation than NMDA receptors.Acta Oto-Laryngologica 02/2001; 121(1):21-7. · 0.99 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: MRI with a T1 contrast agent was used to investigate the normal and noise-damaged cochlea. The time course and distribution of the in vivo uptake of the gadodiamide chelate bound paramagnetic Gd ion (GdDTPA-BMA) throughout the membranous labyrinth of normal and impulse noise-damaged guinea pig cochleae were measured by MRI at 4.7T. Simultaneous signal enhancement of the basal, medial and apical scala tympani (ST) and scala vestibuli (SV) was observed within 10 min following i.v. injection, reaching maximum levels at around 100 min. ANOVA and post hoc paired t-tests showed statistically significant differences in the levels and rates of Gd uptake-enhancement between the scalae. The ST revealed the most rapid and extensive enhancement throughout the period of active Gd uptake, while the SV showed comparatively slower and less enhancement, and the intact scala media (SM) indicated insignificant enhancement. The in vivo Gd penetration and enhancement of the membranous SM increased significantly in the noise-damaged cochlea, suggesting lesioning of the cochlear membranes.Neuroreport 01/2001; 11(18):3979-83. · 1.64 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Hearing loss is a very common disorder; nearly 10 per cent of the population is affected. Recently, a few findings such as the roles of neurotrophins, nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species and glutamate receptors in the peripheral hearing system have been highlighted. In this review, focus is set on possible mechanisms of peripheral hearing disorders, and on recent advances to prevent and treat hearing loss. Clinically useful treatment strategies, especially gene therapy and the use of embryonic stem cells, are particularly stressed.Lakartidningen 04/2000; 97(10):1106-8, 1111-2. - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Hearing is conveyed from the auditory receptors, the hair cells in the organ of Corti, to the brain via the spiral ganglion neurons. Damage or loss of either spiral ganglion neurons or hair cells causes hearing impairment. Such hearing disorders are often permanent and can be caused by therapeutic agents, such as aminoglycoside antibiotics and cisplatin, or by aging, loud sounds, infections and mechanical injury (1). Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), members of the neurotrohin family of neurotrophic factors that also include nerve growth factor (NGF) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4), are important in development of the neuronal components of the inner ear. We report here that the loss of target innervation and the degeneration of approximately 90% of the adult spiral ganglion neurons caused by aminoglycoside toxicity can be prevented by infusion of the neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in the membranous labyrinth in guinea pigs. The potency of NT-3 in protecting spiral ganglion neurons from degenerating suggests that neurotrophins may be useful for the treatment of hearing disorders.Nature Medicine 05/1996; 2(4):463-7. · 28.05 Impact Factor -
Article: Differences in forward masking after a temporary and a permanent noise-induced hearing loss.
[Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The forward masking curve of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) at selected frequencies together with the quantification of hair cell loss through the analysis of cochlear surface morphology was studied in guinea pigs before and after acoustic trauma resulting in either a temporary or a permanent threshold shift. In the presence of a noise-induced temporary threshold shift, the slope of the forward masking curve was not significantly different from the pre-exposure curve. In contrast, during the acute phase of the permanent threshold shift, the slope of the forward masking curve was significantly reduced compared to the pre-exposure value. After a recovery period of 2 weeks, the slope of the forward masking curve from the permanently damaged group returned to nearly normal values despite a persisting ABR threshold shift and significant loss of outer hair cells. The potential for analyzing the slope of the forward masking curve in order to distinguish between the acute phase of a permanent threshold shift and a temporary threshold shift is discussed.Audiology and Neurotology 01/1996; 1(6):328-38. · 1.85 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that the inner hair cell complex (inner hair cell and dendritic contacts) is solely responsible for generating the slope of the forward masking curve. To test this hypothesis two experiments were performed. The first was to measure forward masking from the Bronx waltzing mouse, a mutant possessing an inner hair cell defect. The Bronx waltzing mouse demonstrated an approximately 60-dB auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold shift compared to CBA/CBA mice at 8 and 12 kHz. The slope of the forward masking curve was significantly reduced compared to the control group, particularly at the early delay times between 0 and 4 ms. The second model employed kainic acid to affect the dendrites beneath the inner hair cell. After the intracochlear infusion of kainic acid, there was an approximately 47-dB ABR threshold shift at 4 and 8 kHz compared to pre-infusion thresholds. The slope of the forward masking curve from the kainic-acid group was significantly reduced compared to the artificial-perilymph group. Primarily the early delay times were affected by kainic acid (0-4 ms). Morphological analysis showed that there was extensive swelling of the afferent nerve radial dendrites under the inner hair cells. The results from the present study, as well as the preceding article, suggest that the analysis of the slope of the forward masking curve may be used for the detection of inner hair cell or radial dendrite damage, independent of outer hair cell damage. The present finding could provide a useful means of employing a clinical test for determining the function of the inner hair cell complex using a non-invasive measure of auditory function.Audiology and Neurotology 01/1996; 1(6):320-7. · 1.85 Impact Factor - [Show abstract] [Hide abstract]
ABSTRACT: Forward masking of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) was achieved by increasing the time interval from 0 to 12 ms between the masker offset and the probe onset. The forward masking response demonstrated a near linear function with an approximate 3.0-dB increase in masking threshold for every millisecond interval increase in the control guinea pig. The slope of the masking curve at selected frequencies together with the quantification of hair cell loss through the analysis of cochlear surface morphology was studied before and after chemical insult. The intracochlear infusion of sodium salicylate caused an approximately 45-dB threshold shift of the ABR whereas the slope of the forward masking curve was not significantly different from the control values at the tested frequencies (1, 4, and 8 kHz). Systemic kanamycin administration (400 mg/kg body weight for 9 consecutive days) caused a permanent ABR threshold shift of 43-63 dB at 1, 4, and 8 kHz. The slope of the forward masking curve was not significantly different at 1 kHz despite significant outer hair cell loss. The slope of the forward masking curve at 4 and 8 kHz showed significant reductions at the time intervals between 0 and 4 ms. Analysis of the kanamycin-treated cochleae revealed not only significant outer hair cell loss throughout the cochlea but significant inner hair cell and inner pillar cell loss in the basal end of the cochlea. The results suggest that the outer hair cells are not needed for maintaining a normal forward masking curve, whereas the slope of the forward masking curve is sensitive to alterations induced to either the inner hair cells or the inner pillar cells.Audiology and Neurotology 01/1996; 1(6):309-19. · 1.85 Impact Factor
Publication Stats
273 | Citations | |
43.58 | Total Impact Points | |
Top Journals
- Audiology and Neurotology (3)
- Neuroreport (2)
- Acta Oto-Laryngologica (1)
- Lakartidningen (1)
- Hearing Research (1)
Karolinska University Hospital
Tukholma, Stockholm, Sweden
Harvard University
Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
Karolinska Institutet
- Institutionen för fysiologi och farmakologi
Solna, Stockholm, Sweden


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18.330Introduction to Numerical AnalysisSpring 2015Instructor: Homer Reid |
View this document in PDF form: Overview.pdf Overview.pdf
Lectures: 2:30--4 pm, Tuesday / Thursdays, 2-105 PSets, Exams, etc: Approximately weekly PSets. Two in-class midterms. No final exams. Final project worth 25% of grade. Grading: 25% homework, 25% midterm 1, 25% midterm 2, 25% final project. Office hours: 4--7 PM Tuesdays, 2-105 (immediately following lecture)
Note: At some point during the first two weeks of class I will hold special office hours for the purpose of ensuring that everybody is up and running with the programming language of your choice. Bring your laptop and we'll work through any issues you might be having. Stay tuned for the time, date, and place.
This course is an exploration of the art and science of extracting numbers from mathematical expressions. The material we will cover may be broadly divided into two units.
Unit 1 is all about basic numerical calculus. We will discuss elementary methods for obtaining accurate numerical estimates of integrals, derivatives, and infinite sums. This unit will include discussions of extrapolation, interpolation, root-finding, optimization, and evaluation of special functions. By the end of Unit 1, you will be in a position to implement and understand the properties of the most basic numerical methods for all of these tasks. However, in several places during the course of the elementary treatment of Unit 1, we will encounter phenomena that seem to be hinting at a deeper set of ideas.
This will set the stage for Unit 2 of our course, Fourier analysis and spectral methods. The overarching theme here is that we can often revolutionize the speed and accuracy of a calculation by approximating a function as an expansion in some convenient set of expansion functions -- often a set of orthogonal functions. Our discussion of orthogonal-function expansions will begin, as must any, with the granddaddy of them all: the Fourier series and its immediate descendants (the Fourier transform, Parseval's and related theorems, the FFT, etc.). Then we will broaden the setting to consider more general classes of functions and more general spectral methods: Gaussian quadrature, Chebyshev polynomials and Trefethen's
Nystrom solution of integral equations, and more.Throughout Units 1 and 2 we will pepper the discussion with examples drawn from engineering and the sciences, including binding energies of solids, coding and modulation schemes for efficient use of the wireless communications spectrum, spherical Bessel functions for electromagnetic scattering and thermal engineering, and Ewald summation. The course will also include bird's-eye views of topics treated more thoroughly in other courses, such as numerical linear algebra, PDE solvers, and stochastic and Monte-Carlo methods.
This is a rough schedule of the topics we will discuss and the order in which we will discuss them. The midterm dates will not change, but the order of some topics and the time we allocate to them may shift as the semester progresses.
Date | Topic | |
2/3/2015 | Tuesday | Course invitation. |
2/5/2015 | Thursday | Evaluation of infinite sums. Numerical integration of functions: Newton-Cotes quadrature. Application to improper integrals. |
2/10/2015 | Tuesday | Heuristic convergence analysis of Newton-Cotes quadrature. |
2/12/2015 | Thursday | Numerical integration of ODEs. Reduction of high-order ODEs to first-order form. Euler's method. |
2/19/2015 | Thursday | Numerical integration of ODEs: Beyond Euler's method. Convergence analysis of the improved Euler method. Runge-Kutta methods. Adaptive stepsizing. |
2/24/2015 | Tuesday | Pathologies in ODE solvers: Stability, stiffness, and implicit methods. Pathologies in ODEs themselves: non-uniqueness and non-existence. Boundary-value problems; shooting methods. The beam equation. |
2/26/2015 | Thursday | Richardson extrapolation. Numerical differentiation: finite-difference stencils. Finite-difference approach to boundary-value problems. |
3/3/2015 | Tuesday | Computer representation of numbers: fixed- and floating-point arithmetic. Exactly representable numbers and rounding errors. Catastrophic loss of floating-point precision. |
3/5/2015 | Thursday | Computer representation of numbers: Accumulation of rounding errors. Numerical stability of forward and backward recurrence relations for special functions. Numerical root-finding: Sample problems and 1D methods. |
3/10/2015 | Tuesday | Convergence of Newton's method. Newton's method in higher dimensions. |
3/12/2015 | Thursday | Unit 1 summary and midterm review. |
3/17/2015 | Tuesday | Midterm 1 |
3/19/2015 | Thursday | Monte-Carlo integration |
3/31/2015 | Tuesday | Fourier analysis: The fourfold way. Parseval, Plancherel, and Poisson formulas. |
4/2/2015 | Thursday | Paley-Wiener theorems. Convolution. Fourier series. |
4/7/2015 | Tuesday | Applications of Fourier analysis, Part 1: Modulation. Wireless communications and lock-in amplifiers. Spectral efficiency of telecommunications coding schemes. |
4/9/2015 | Thursday | Applications of Fourier analysis, Part 2: Ewald summation. |
4/14/2015 | Tuesday | Fourier analysis in higher dimensions. Applications of Fourier analysis, Part 3: Rigorous convergence analysis of Newton-Cotes quadrature. |
4/16/2015 | Thursday | Clenshaw-Curtis quadrature. Discrete Fourier transforms. |
4/23/2015 | Thursday | Final project proposal due. Applications of Fourier analysis, Part 4: the FFT and its uses. Signal processing, arbitrary-precision arithmetic, discrete convolution, PDE solvers. |
4/28/2015 | Tuesday | Chebyshev polynomials. Chebyshev interpolation and differentiation. |
4/30/2015 | Thursday | Orthogonal polynomials. Gaussian quadrature. Integral equations. Nystrom's method. |
5/5/2015 | Tuesday | Unit 2 summary and midterm review |
5/7/2015 | Thursday | Midterm 2 |
5/12/2015 | Tuesday | Numerical linear algebra revisited. Dense-direct and sparse-iterative methods. Bird's-eye overview of numerical PDE solvers. |
5/14/2015 | Thursday | Numerical nonlinear algebra: Resultants and tensor eigenvalues. |
The PSets and the final project will require you to write simple computer programs. You may use any programming language you like, but we particularly recommend one of three choices: c (or c++), matlab, or julia.If you are not sure which language to use, here are some thoughts to help guide your decision.
The c programming language, and its close cousin c++, are the most widely used programming languages in the world. Programming in these languages offers you maximal flexibility in using your computer's resources. c/c++ programs run significantly faster than programs written in matlab, python, or other languages. Moreover, almost every useful piece of software out there in the world that you might want to tie into your software is available in c/c++ form, so this option offers you the widest range of interoperability with existing codes. If you are planning to do much programming or to work with existing codes in your future, I strongly recommend you acquire at some point at least a working familiarity with c/c++. However, if you have not done much or any c/c++ programming, you may experience a rather steep learning curve, and you may not wish to make that time investment for 18.330.
matlab is a common choice for academic numerical programming. It is much easier to get started programming in matlab than in c/c++. Your programs will run much more slowly and will not be able to take full advantage of your computer's resources, but these factors will not be too significant for the programs you need to write in 18.330. The main difficulty with matlab is that it is closed-source software that is almost prohibitively expensive for anybody outside an academic or corporate environment. (An individual copy costs around $3000, and even we MIT faculty and instructors have to pay $100 every year if we want to use it.) This means not only that (a) you may find yourself without access to the tool once you are out of college, but also (b) codes you may write and want to share with others may be of limited utility, because most people in the world don't have matlab.
This brings us to julia, which combines many of the best features of the previous two options. julia is an exciting new language developed over the past several years at MIT. It is as easy to use as matlab (which means it is much easier to get started with numerical programming in julia than in c/c++), but it has the critical advantage of being free, open-source software, so there is no fear of ever losing access to it, nor of wanting to share your codes with someone who doesn't have it herself. It is significantly faster than matlab (again, this is not a crucial concern for 18.330) and has an enthusiastic and rapidly growing base of users and contributors. This means, in particular, that (a) if you request a new feature you have a decent chance of getting somebody to implement it for you, and (b) there are lots of opportunities for you to contribute to this cool new project. (For example, implementing some pieces of numerical software for inclusion in the julia distribution would be a great final project for 18.330.) The main difficulty with julia is that it is quite new and hence a little rough around the edges. Certain things that you would expect to just work in more mature packages may turn out to be incompletely implemented or (alas) buggy in julia. The good news is that the aforementioned enthusiatic developer base is vigilant about addressing bug reports, so any issues that you encounter will probably get fixed quickly; however, using julia has a bit of a scrappy startup / wild-wild-west feel to it which may not appeal to all students.
See below for programming examples and tutorial walkthroughs to get you started with numerical programming in each of these three languages. We will also hold special office hours during the first week of class to make sure you are up and running with the programming language of your choice.
You may (and are encouraged to) work together on PSets, but you must write up and turn in your own solutions. For problems involving computer programs, you must submit a listing of your program and its output together with your PSet. If you work with other students to write your program, each student in your study group must separately type in and execute the program to generate a listing submitted with the PSet. This is to ensure that you become familiar with the mechanics and semantics (semicolons, parentheses, etc.) of programming.
See the 18.330 PSet submission guidelines.
Date Due | Problem Set | Solutions |
2/19/2015 | PSet 1 | PSet 1 Solutions |
2/19/2015 | PSet 2 | PSet 2 Solutions |
2/26/2015 | PSet 3 | PSet 3 Solutions |
3/5/2015 | PSet 4 |
The final project for 18.330 is an exploration of a topic of your choice in numerical analysis. Typically this will be some numerical algorithm that we did not cover thoroughly in the course, although this is not the only possible choice.
You have considerable leeway in choosing a topic of interest to you and structuring your report in a way that is appropriate for the topic you choose, but your project must incorporate all of the following elements:
A rough guideline for the magnitude of the writeup is that it should consist of 15--20 LaTeX pages (including plots but not including code listings).
Before getting started on your final project, you must submit a brief proposal to let me know what you are planning to do and how you envision structuring your final report. This proposal is due by April 23, 2015 (you may email it to me directly or submit it in class). Below is a rough sample of what a reasonable proposal might look like.
Practical Evaluation of Lattice Sums: Is Ewald Summation Always Best?
Many problems in computational science require efficient and accurate evaluation of lattice sums---that is, sums that accumulate contributions to some physical quantity from sites in a one-, two-, or three-dimensional lattice. Brute-force evaluation of such sums is generally prohibitively expensive, and this fact has spurred the development of more sophisticated and efficient methods. In class we covered one such method---Ewald summation---but we discussed only the electrostatic (zero-frequency) case, and then only for the cases of one- and two-dimensional lattices. My final project will extend this discussion to a broader comparison of lattice-summation methods, including consideration of three-dimensional lattices and nonzero-frequency problems.
My paper will begin with a brief introduction (2--4 pages) to the problem. I will then discuss (3--5 pages) the history of lattice-summation methods, touching in particular on the original contributions of Paul Ewald himself and the physical problems that motivated his development of the Ewald-summation technique, but considering also the evolution of techniques spurred by the computer-aided-design (CAD) revolution of the late 20th century. Then I will explain (5-8 pages) the mathematical underpinnings of several sophisticated lattice-summation methods, including (1) Ewald summation, (2) Kummer decomposition, and (3) integral transforms. Finally, for the specific problem of a 2D lattice sum at nonzero frequency I will implement Ewald summation and Kummer decomposition and compare (3--5 pages) the accuracy and efficiency of these two methods.
Here are a couple of possible final-project topics. Needless to say, this is not intended to be an exhaustive list.
There is no assigned textbook for this course, but you may find the following references helpful. The links will direct you to online versions (in some cases you will need MIT certificates to access them).
18.330 Spring 2015 | Main course page |


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2015 Conneaut Lake Ice Fishing Tourney
Date: February 28, 2015
Time: 7am start to 4:30pm finish; prizes at 5:00pm
Registration: Registration is at Timberland Bait Shop, 36320 Dutch Hill Rd., Union City, PA 16438 814-694-FISH (34747) any day prior to the tourney (but call bait shop in advance to ensure someone is there). You may also purchase tickets in advance at Anchor Beer Distributors-Home of Chuck's Bait, 10940 Pennsylvania St. Hwy. 18, Conneaut Lake, PA 16316 814-382-5625. Or, if you wait until day of the tourney, you can purchase tickets at Chuck's Bait, which will open at 6am or at Fireman's Beach, where Jerry will have HQ set up. This is where Jerry will be set up for weigh-ins/operations.
Registration Fee: $15 ( buy your ticket at bait shop 36320 Dutch Hill Rd. Union City, PA 16438 814-694-3474)
Food Delivery:
Food delivery out on the ice to be provided by Walt's Tavern, located at 11780 State Hwy 618, Conneaut Lake, PA. Order by calling (814) 382-9593, and your food will be delivered during the tourney out on the ice.
Optional 50/50 Drawing: You may buy a single ticket for $5. One ticket only per person. You will include your name and phone number on the ticket. Drawing to be held at 4:30pm at Fireman's Beach. Winner need not be present. Tickets may be purchased at the bait shop on Friday or Saturday.
Fishing: Absolutely no fishing prior to 7am. Jerry will be riding around checking. Prizes awarded for largest, legal fish in various categories Musky, Walleye, Northern Pike, Crappie & Perch. Fish at your own risk**.
Bait: Get your bait Friday between 8am and 9pm or as of 5am Saturday morning.
Protocol: If you are fishing for large game fish prizes, put your fish on a stringer (sold at the bait shop) and call Jerry's cell or use a walkie-talkie so he can drive over and check out / measure your fish.
Walkie-talkie: channel 4.
**ice fishing at your own risk; only you can determine if it's safe to go on the ice and we disclaim any responsibility
Conneaut Lake, PAUpdated Friday, February 27, 2015 5:53 AM Clear-9°FHigh: 8°FLow: -8°FWind: 3 mphHumidity: 78% Saturday19° / 4°Sunday30° / 20°Monday30° / 13°Tuesday34° / 25° MSN WeatherData provided by iMap
2014 Recap
Date: February 22, 2014
Temperature: 40
Turnout: 150 anglers


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Rogue Farms Dirtoir Black LagerBrewed by Rogue Ales Newport, Oregon USA Formerly Chatoe Rogue Dirtoir Black Lager.
Tasting Notes: Jet black in color with a tan head, medium to full bodied, deftly balanced, seamless dark roasted malt flavors with a smooth bitterness, lingering long finish. 9 Ingredients: Malts: Melanoidin, Carafe Special II, Black, Chocolate and Rogue Micro-Barley Farm first growth Risk malts. Hops: Rogue Micro-Hop Yard first growth Independent and Revolution. Yeast & Water: Oktoberfest Yeast & Free Range Coastal Water. Specs: 15º PLATO, 35 IBU, 130 AA, 75º Lovibond |
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17th August 2011, 20:51
hi to everyone here!i´m tim!really nice site!(Thumb)
Hello!!!Julean 17th August 2011, 20:51 hi to everyone here!i´m tim!really nice site!(Thumb) billyboy 17th August 2011, 23:46 A warm welcome aboard from the Philippines. Please enjoy all this great site has to offer gdynia 18th August 2011, 09:58 Welcome onboard to SN and enjoy the voyage captain61 18th August 2011, 10:26 Welcome aboard this great site Stephen linerrich 18th August 2011, 11:59 Greetings and Welcome Aboard! Rich R58484956 18th August 2011, 15:14 Greetings Tim and welcome to SN. Bon voyage. seanav 21st August 2011, 12:16 HELLO TO ALL I am a newcomer in the site,.like all of you a love ships the sea and air and I work with them too.Hope ill be useful something which will be quite surprising but anyway ill try ,. My name is Stelios,. Thanks for taking me in,. James_C 22nd August 2011, 02:15 Julean, A warm welcome to Ships Nostalgia where I hope you'll find much of interest! Enjoy the voyage! seanav 22nd August 2011, 19:20 Thanks for the welcome I have some difficulties handling threads and gadgets but ill catch up with some help from my friends tks Stelios |


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You are using an outdated browser. Please upgrade your browser to improve your ReverbNation experience.
As a young child Samuel had a piece of his tongue cut out, At the tender age of 9 ,As a pre teen he would making music in his bed room finding time to invent little worlds he can explore to get away .From the years 1997 to 2005 he started to develop a sound ,in salt lake city UT 2007 he was in the band called Grave midnight with friends Dan Abbott and jeff joystick better known as Jeffrie A. Moir After a short while Dan went on his own way with Grave Midnight .Then 2008 Samuel started his solo project with friend Jeffrie A. Moir witch was the called Samuel Demon self-titled solo-project Samuel Demon with was short lived . And 2008 Samuel released a song call look in my eye for a movie called ''killers from deep space'' by mad Angel films. In 2008 Samuel moved to Las Vegas NV, where the Band got the name "Hong Kong Debonairs "by Damian a Guitarist from Midnight Feature who join Samuel in Hong Kong Debonairs but then left after starting Midnight Feature .After few mouths of having the name Hong Kong Debonairs Samuel changed it to The Ex - tracts after Damian leaving .2010 The Ex - tracts was in Gothic Magazine.2011 the band was singed to Zorch Factory Records ,and started a new line up Rocket drums and a new bass player .


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£249,950 Guide Price
Guide Price £249,950
1 bedroom apartment for sale Upper Blackfriars, Shrewsbury
An impressive and extensively improved second floor apartment situated within this prestigious town centre development with balcony, private parking space and possibly one of the finest river views in Shrewsbury. More details › -
1 bedroom apartment for sale The Monklands, Abbey Foregate, Shrewsbury, SY2 6AP
A beautiful, stylish 1 bedroom apartment situated on the ground and lower ground floor of this Grade II listed building. Approached into an impressive Living Room with period cornice and fireplace and double glazed sash windows. More details › -
£139,950 Offers in Region of
Offers in Region of £139,950
1 bedroom flat for sale Oxon Hall, Holyhead Road, Shrewsbury
An extremely spacious one bedroomed first floor leasehold apartment, situated within the converted magnificent Oxon Hall, which is a superb period property occupying a delightful rural position set within its own spacious grounds only about two miles west of Shrewsbury town centre and within eas... More details › -
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£135,000 Offers in Region ofOffers in Region of £135,000
1 bedroom flat for sale Bromley Court, Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Enjoying a sought after residential locality convenient for Shrewsbury town centre, Richmond Harvey Properties are delighted to release this most well-appointed one bedroom ground floor luxury apartment which has been built to a high specification and includes a contemporary fitted kitchen and b... More details › -
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£135,000 Offers in Region ofOffers in Region of £135,000
1 bedroom flat for sale Bromley Court, Shrewsbury, Shropshire
Holland Broadbridge are pleased to offer for sale this well presented modern one double bedroom ground floor apartment situated on a development of 44 luxury apartments. The apartment has been finished to a high standard and is situated in a fantastic residential location close to excellent loca... More details › -
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1 bedroom apartment for sale Copthorne Road, Shrewsbury
A modern, attractive ground floor apartment with private garden and parking space. The accommodation comprises entrance hall, luxury kitchen with integrated appliances. There is a large lounge/diner, double bedroom and bathroom. More details › -
1 bedroom apartment for sale Pountney Gardens, Belle Vue Road, Shrewsbury, SY3 7LG
An appealing, individual, one bedroom apartment located on the top floor of this impressive Grade II listed building. The accommodation includes Entrance Hall, Living Room, Attractive Kitchen,Spacious Double Bedroom with steps down to modern Shower Room, fantastic views from every window,... More details › -
1 bedroom apartment for sale St Mary's Water Lane, Shrewsbury SY1 2BA
An attractive purpose built one bedroom apartment located on the second floor of this appealing select town centre development. The accommodation includes: Enclosed Porch, Hall, Living Room opening onto Balcony, Fitted Kitchen/Breakfast Room, Double Bedroom with Built in Double Wardrobe, Bathroom, More details › -
1 bedroom flat for sale Hazledine Court, Shrewsbury, SY3 7BS
A ONE BEDROOM RETIREMENT APARTMENT SITUATED ON THE GROUND FLOOR. Hazledine Court was constructed by McCarthy & Stone (Developments) Ltd and comprises one and two bedroom retirement flats, each benefiting from its own private front door, entrance hall, lounge/dining area, fitted kitchen and fitted More details ›


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jobs in nashville?
1 Hello. I am thinking of going back to school to get a second degree in nursing. As of now, I am looking into getting my ADN from Aquinas College. Does anyone know if the local hospitals in Nashville (Vandy, St. Thomas, Baptist, etc) are hiring ADN grads? I do not want to invest in an ADN if I can not get a job in a hospital. Any info would be helpful.
thank you for your time,
Must Read Topics
0Aug 17, '11 by johnny depp23They're always hiring for new RN's. Most hospitals, however, want you to have your BSN before applying.2Oct 12, '11 by ziggy150Don't believe it. There are TONS of nurses with BSN's that don't know what to do with a blue baby that's not breathing. The only time you need to be concerned is if you apply for a management position - which you don't want anyway. Most always you can make more money as a "worker bee". Anyway, some jobs will say BSN preferred, but that's never ever been an issue. Most ADN programs are actually more concentrated hands on and turn out better clinically prepared nurses than the more heavily academic BSN programs. When faced with a situation that requires quick critical thinking, are you going to stand there and write a paper or take action and appropriately intervene. BSN is a formality, not a requirement.redhead_NURSE98! and fleur-di-lis-RN2b like this.


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POSTED: Tuesday, September 10, 2013 - 5:52pm
UPDATED: Tuesday, September 10, 2013 - 5:53pm
Tyler, Texas (KETK) — The gates to the 98th Annual East Texas State Fair opens September 20th and it's nine days of fun.
Folks organizing the fair tell us, East Texans can expect something different. East Texans are going to love what has been added to the fair.
KETK spoke to the President of the East Texas State Fair, John Sykes, he tells us, they have added a Frontier Show with horses, cooking and a saloon.
Another attraction they're adding is the a wild pack of wolves that have been trained to do tricks and acts.
Plus, a high-diving act, where one of the highlights of this will be a man diving from 8 stories high into a 9 foot pool of water.
There will be a new concert series with the help of East Texas Music.
Some of the artists performing are 'JB and the Moonshine' and the Swan Brothers' who came in third place on the NBC show 'The Voice'.
Hang-on for the new rides. One of the new thrill rides at the fair is called 'Speed', and much more new attractions.
And of course all the traditional attractions will still be there.
The East Texas State Fair is a fun and entertaining time for everyone.
It's all about the rides, concerts, livestock, teaching agriculture, a special attraction of 'Agri World', competitions, shopping, a marketplace, exhibits, and we can't forget all the delicious, tasty fair food and sweets.
And of course spending the day and evening at the East Texas State Fair with family and friends.
It's an East Texas tradition.
East Texas State Fair information:
September 20-29th.
Visit: http://www.etstatefair.com/ [1]


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We were really impressed by the friendly service from managers Linda and Geoff . You both made our stay with you a memorable occasion as we were in the area for our grandsons wedding. The location has such a peaceful feeling. Thank you Linda and Geoff.
- Reservation Options:
- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com so you can book your Mt Warning Bed and Breakfast Retreat reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


text: THE WRITING'S ON THE WALL VICTORIAN LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESPONSES TO GRAFFITI December 2002 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti CONTENTS CONTENTS 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 INTRODUCTION 4 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5 POLICIES ADOPTED BY COUNCILS 6 NO POLICIES 6 REACTIONARY POLICIES 7 EMPLOY CONTRACTORS 8 MINOR OR PROPOSED POLICIES 9 PRO-ACTIVE POLICIES 10 REMOVAL STRATEGIES 11 EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES 14 PREVENTION STRATEGIES 16 KEY RECOMMENDATIONS 19 REFERENCES 20 2 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The prominence of graffiti in Victoria's urban landscape has recently emerged as a pressing issue. It raises questions about how comfortable and safe residents feel in their communities, and is seen by many as a symptom of a society where anti-social behaviour is the norm. Yet despite the negative impact that graffiti has on our communities, there does not appear to be any consensus as to who's task it is to tackle the graffiti issue. Some believe it is a policing problem, others would rather leave it to the State Government to solve. However, a small number of Victoria's Local Government Councils have taken it upon themselves to devise strategies to counter the graffiti problem – with some extremely positive results. They see graffiti as affecting the whole community, and therefore consider it to be everyone's job to contribute towards the solution. The solution, however, does not lie in one single strategy. Graffiti is a complex, multi-faceted problem, and requires a complex solution. The following Key Recommendations outline the foundation for implementing a comprehensive solution to the graffiti problem: • A comprehensive graffiti policy should include a combination of removal, educational and preventative strategies in order to tackle graffiti both in the short-term and the long-term. Policies adopted by Greater Geelong City Council, Greater Dandenong City Council, Boroondara City Council and Knox City Council, provide examples of the broad approach necessary to manage graffiti. Councils newly adopting or updating graffiti policies should therefore select a range of approaches that best suit the needs of their municipality. • Different strategies achieve different results depending upon which municipality they are implemented in. Therefore, councils should conduct pilot programs to test the success of their chosen strategies before implementing them across the whole of the municipality. • It is unrealistic to expect that graffiti can be eradicated totally. Rather, graffiti management requires a long-term commitment by councils. Councils need to allow room for graffiti management in their budgets over the long term, taking the lead from pro-active councils such as Greater Geelong and Knox. • Councils should cooperate with each other by communicating their different approaches and successes, in order to establish best practice within each municipality. It is hoped that this report will assist local councils in devising comprehensive graffiti policies, and inspire them to work together towards a consistent approach to the graffiti issue across the State. 3 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti INTRODUCTION The incidence of graffiti in Victorian streets and on assets, both publicly and privately owned, has a negative impact on many aspects of life within our municipalities. From the feelings of insecurity and fear that graffiti installs in community members, to negative attitudes directed towards our youth, graffiti affects more than just the immediate victims; it creates the impression that crime and delinquency are rampant within the community. Graffiti is defined as the marking of another person's property without their consent, and can take several forms: • 'Tagging' describes the practice of quickly scribbling or scratching the signature or nickname of the person responsible, and is by far the most prevalent form of graffiti. • 'Piecing' involves the creation of a more complex picture or word, and is far more time consuming than tagging. • Political or social comments, which are generally associated with university students. Graffitists come from a range of backgrounds and have varied motivations, whether it be boredom, self-expression, peer pressure or simply risk-taking. 'Tags' and 'Pieces' provide publicity and credibility for the person responsible among other graffitists. Tagging presents the biggest problem in our municipalities, due to the nature of the activity where offenders can get their 'tag' up quickly in most public places and disappear before detection. Piecing, on the other hand, is quite time consuming and requires a certain level of skill. Hence, 'pieces' are mostly found in less public areas, such as on fences abutting train tracks and reserves. The question of how to deal with graffiti is a complex one. While 'tags' and 'pieces' are generally interpreted by the community as symptoms of a society where anti- social behaviour is the norm, many others argue that graffiti is an art form, a means of expression for our youth. The solution, therefore, requires the development of a multi-faceted approach that incorporates both of the above viewpoints. The following examples illustrate the many and varied strategies available to tackle the graffiti issue, and it is clear that those municipalities achieving the greatest success are those who have implemented a range of approaches, as opposed to a single solution. 4 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti RESEARCH METHODOLOGY The information provided in this report was obtained primarily from material communicated to me by each of the Victorian Local Government Councils, at my request. As such, some of the strategies outlined may be incomplete or out of date, as several Councils indicated that their policies were still in the process of being developed or up-dated, others were unable to locate the exact details, and still others deemed the information as being confidential. In light of these limitations, the following report presents the most comprehensive and up-to-date information made available to me at the time of writing. 5 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti POLICIES ADOPTED BY COUNCILS The following information indicates where each Council stands in relation to its graffiti control or prevention policies. No Policies Alpine Shire Council Gannawarra Shire Council Ararat Rural City Council Glenelg Shire Council Buloke Shire Council Hindmarsh Shire Council Campaspe Shire Council Indigo Shire Council Central Goldfields Shire Council Mount Alexander Shire Council Darebin City Council Northern Grampians Shire Council Delatite Shire Council West Wimmera Shire Council East Gippsland Shire Council Yarriambiack Shire Council The majority of these Councils indicated that they did not consider graffiti a problem. Being rural municipalities, the incidence of graffiti is minimal or, as in the case of West Wimmera Shire Council, non-existent. However, Ararat Rural City Council expressed an interest in developing a policy, and Glenelg Shire Council stated that graffiti is apparent within the municipality, but as the community doesn't appear to see it as a problem Council has no impetus to act. Darebin City Council and Indigo Shire Council expressed an interest in the ban of spray-paint cans to minors, however Indigo felt that the issue was more relevant to the State Government than individual Councils. 6 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Reactionary Policies Ballarat City Council Moreland City Council Bass Coast Shire Council Mornington Peninsula Shire Council Brimbank City Council Moyne Shire Council Colac-Otway Shire Council Murrindindi Shire Council Corangamite Shire Council Nillumbik Shire Council Glen Eira City Council Pyrenees Shire Council Golden Plains Shire Council Queenscliffe Borough Council Greater Bendigo City Council Southern Grampians Shire Council Greater Shepparton City Council Strathbogie Shire Council Horsham Rural City Council Towong Shire Council Macedon Ranges Shire Council Wangaratta Rural City Council Mitchell Shire Council Wellington Shire Council Moonee Valley City Council Wyndham City Council These Councils stated that the only action taken to combat graffiti is to clean it off Council property when somebody reports it. They have no policies in place to provide assistance, education or guidance to private property owners who are victims of graffiti. A time-limit for graffiti removal has been adopted in several of these municipalities (ie. 2 hours for offensive material and 24 hours for other graffiti), and Greater Bendigo Shire Council mentioned assisting private property owners with removal if they are incapable of removing it themselves (frail, aged etc.). Southern Grampians Shire Council makes an effort to identify offenders to provide information to the Police, however they stated that this kind of information is fairly scarce. While many of these municipalities are located in rural areas, several of them acknowledged an awareness of the incidence of graffiti,. For example, Queenscliffe Shire Council acknowledged an increase during school holidays when holiday makers visit, and Towong mentioned the incidence of graffiti on their skate park. While graffiti is included in some of these Councils' Local Laws – in relation to penalties for those apprehended – many considered the issue as more of a police matter. 7 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Employ Contractors Monash City Council Yarra Ranges Shire Council Moorabool Shire Council La Trobe Shire Council Whittlesea City Council These Councils consider graffiti an issue worth investing in, employing contractors (such as 'Graffiti Busters') to remove graffiti from Council property. Monash City Council also issue a notice to property owners to clean off graffiti or be issue a fine. They also take responsibility for cleaning private fences that abut a reserve. Whittlesea City Council employs contractors for large works only, and have time-lines for graffiti removal. In addition to the above measures, La Trobe Shire Council only uses dark paint on toilet blocks in order to deter graffitists. 8 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Minor or Proposed Policies Hepburn Shire Council Moira Shire Council Hobsons Bay City Council South Gippsland Shire Council Kingston City Council Surf Coast Shire Council Loddon Shire Council Swan Hill Rural City Council Maribyrnong City Council Warrnambool City Council Melton Shire Council Wodonga Rural City Council Several of these Councils are in the process of developing policies, which include graffiti 'hotlines', legal graffiti walls, cost sharing with private property owners etc. Maribyrnong City Council provide a 'one-off' graffiti kit to residents for removal, and Melton Shire Council has a customer service charter, where reports are placed on a time frame and removed in order. Moira Shire Council has painted several large walls within the municipality to prevent graffiti, and Wodonga Rural City Council clean their Skate Bowl after every school holiday, and paint their underpasses every year. Surf Coast Shire Council use only oil-based paint on painted surfaces, as removal products are far more effective on this surface. Swan Hill Rural City Council is working with the Community Local Safety Committee, and their approach has a distinct Police focus. Loddon indicated that they have almost no incidence of graffiti except for on a public toilet block, which they are considering demolishing in order to prevent graffiti. And South Gippsland Shire Council has adopted another unique policy – playing music that is unattractive to adolescents in walkways where they tend to congregate - an approach that has been very successful. 9 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Pro-Active Policies Banyule City Council Hume City Council Baw Baw Shire Council Knox City Council Bayside City Council Manningham City Council Boroondara City Council Maroondah City Council Cardinia Shire Council Melbourne City Council Casey City Council Mildura Rural City Council Frankston City Council Port Phillip City Council Greater Dandenong City Council Stonnington City Council Greater Geelong City Council Whitehorse City Council These Councils have adopted pro-active responses to graffiti in their municipalities, and their different strategies, grouped into categories of removal, education and prevention, are outlined below: 10 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti REMOVAL STRATEGIES Strategy Details Discussion Utilised By Zero-Tolerance Graffiti is removed within a This approach aims to deter Banyule City Council certain time-frame after it has graffitists by removing their Baw-Baw City Council been reported. For example, material immediately so that Bayside City Council offensive graffiti might be the graffitist does not receive Boroondara City Council removed within 5 hours of it any fame or recognition for Cardinia Shire Council being reported, and all other the act among his/her peers. Casey City Council graffiti removed within 24 Whilst it has proven to be City of Melbourne hours. Contractors such as successful in many areas, it Frankston City Council 'Graffiti Busters' are often can be quite costly to hire Greater Dandenong City employed to implement the contractors to do a Council removal. comprehensive job. Greater Geelong City Council However, evidence shows Hume City Council that once an initial clean up Knox City Council has been implemented, costs Manningham City Council do decrease with the decrease in the incidence of graffiti. Provision of Paint Council provides paint This approach has potential Banyule City Council Vouchers to Private vouchers entitling the graffiti but requires resources to be Boroondara City Council property Owners victim to a specified amount put towards advertising in City of Stonnington of paint in order to clean off order to encourage residents Frankston City Council their own property. Paint to take up the offer. Many Greater Geelong City Council Outlets are contacted and residents believe that graffiti Knox City Council asked to participate by is someone else's problem, providing discounted paint. and so this strategy should be paired with an education strategy in order to maximise the benefits. Graffiti 'Hotline' The graffiti 'hotline' facilitates This has proved to be a Boroondara City Council the reporting of graffiti, as popular strategy amongst Casey City Council well as providing technical pro-active Councils, allowing Frankston City Council advice on the cleaning and ease of reporting and Greater Geelong City Council removal of graffiti. It is auditing, and an effective Hume City Council usually paired with a media method of distributing Knox City Council campaign aimed at information to those seeking Stonnington City Council educating residents to report advice. graffiti. 11 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Utilising the Justice Convicted graffitists and This approach has the Baw-Baw City Council Department young offenders are made double benefit of educating Boroondara City Council 'Diversion Program', contribute to the removal or offenders about the damage Cardinia City Council and 'Community prevention of graffiti as a part they do to the community, Frankston City Council Corrections' of their punishment (ie. while also removing existing Greater Geelong City Council Community Based Orders). graffiti or preventing further Knox City Council For example, they may be offences. Maroondah City Council required to clean existing graffiti off Council property, or decorate spaces that are prone to graffiti with murals to prevent further damage. Pro-Active Audits Council conducts pro-active Aimed at reducing the visible Boroondara City Council audits throughout the presence of graffiti in order to Cardinia Shire Council municipality to identify deter other graffitists. Casey City Council graffiti, and contractors are City of Melbourne then hired to maintain and Greater Dandenong City clean Council owned Council facilities and report graffiti on Greater Geelong City Council a daily basis Knox City Council Manningham City Council Mildura Rural City Council Stonnington City Council Graffiti Information Council web-sites include A cost-effective strategy to Boroondara City Council via Council Web- information about graffiti, ensure that information is Frankston City Council sites preventative measures and accessible to those who seek Greater Geelong City Council removal strategies. it. Provision of free Tool kits including free paint These kits enable private City of Stonnington 'Graffiti Tool Kits' to and removal products and property owners to remove Frankston City Council victims information are available to any graffiti themselves, Greater Dandenong City victims of graffiti. Usually, which should act as a Council only the first kit is free, and deterrent to others planning Greater Geelong City Council any further kits required will on graffiting private property. be available at a discounted cost. Graffiti Removal Council provides graffiti Empowers the community, Frankston City Council Trailers removal trailers for use by enabling them to take an volunteers for the removal of active stance on the fight graffiti on private property. against graffiti. A Local Law The owner of private Ensures private property City of Melbourne rcing the removal of property that has been owners take responsibility for Frankston City Council fiti on private property graffitied is issued a notice to their own assets, should be Greater Geelong City Council remove the graffiti or be in conjunction with a free Hume City Council issued a fine. paint of tool kit offer. Promote the These networks develop and Create a sense of community Greater Dandenong City establishment of participate in community empowerment and pride. Council neighbourhood or projects and evaluate local Greater Geelong City Council precinct networks graffiti minimisation Knox City Council initiatives. Manningham City Council 12 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Preliminary free Council invests in a once off, While this strategy is costly City of Melbourne graffiti clean up from comprehensive clean up of to begin with, it is very City of Stonnington front fences or all graffiti on public and effective, with graffiti levels Manningham City Council facades or private private property in the dropping dramatically after Port Phillip City Council properties municipality. the initial period. Hence, removal costs on Council assets decrease in the long term. 13 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti EDUCATIONAL STRATEGIES Strategy Details Discussion Utilised By Educational Educational Brochures are The provision of brochures is Banyule City Council Brochures made available to the public, a cheap and effective Bayside City Council outlining what graffiti is, method of educating and Boroondara City Council methods of removal, empowering private property Cardinia Shire Council preventative measures, and owners. They encourage the City of Whitehorse encouraging the reporting of adoption of preventative Frankston City Council graffiti. measures, and educate Greater Dandenong City victims as to how to remove Council the offensive material Greater Geelong City themselves to reduce further Council graffiti. Knox City Council Manningham City Council Educational Programs might include Focusing education at Banyule City Council Programs for community art projects, Primary School children aims Cardinia Shire Council Primary School 'adopt-a-bus at cutting out the problem at Casey City Council children shelter/pole/power box' its source. These programs Frankston City Council projects, talks explaining the instil in the participants a Greater Dandenong City damage and costs sense of ownership and Council associated with illegal pride in their communities. Greater Geelong City behaviour such as graffiti etc. 8-9 year olds are deemed Council the most appropriate Knox City Council audience, as they are old Manningham City Council enough to understand but Port Phillip City Council are not yet at the stage where peer-pressure and identity issues start to emerge. A 'Code of Practice' A Code of Practice is As above, the lower the Boroondara City Council be established established for local traders visible presence of graffiti, Greater Dandenong City to ensure their commitment the less likely it is to re-occur. Council and consistent protocols are met for dealing with graffiti Trader Forums Council undertakes 'Trader Traders need to be educated Boroondara City Council Forums' to educate traders so that they recognise the Greater Dandenong City about strategies to deal with problem as one that the Council graffiti, in conjunction with whole community can Victoria Police. contribute towards fixing, rather than harbouring the 'leave it to the Police' attitude. In-house training Keep Council staff informed Ensure there is a firm Boroondara City Council and information about Council's attitude commitment across the sharing sessions towards graffiti and relevant Council to tackle graffiti. programs. 14 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Encourage Public Aim to empower the A whole of community Cardinia Shire Council Education community to take action to approach is required to City of Melbourne prevent graffiti occurring on effectively tackle the graffiti Greater Dandenong City their personal property, and issue. Only education will Council to heighten public awareness serve this purpose, however Manningham City Council of, and gain support for, it can be costly. Maroondah City Council Council's graffiti management strategy. 15 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti PREVENTION STRATEGIES Strategy Details Discussion Utilised By Reporting Graffiti to All graffiti is reported to the Increases the likelihood that Boroondara City Council Police police, to assist them in the offenders will be caught. Cardinia Shire Council compiling 'tag' identification City of Melbourne databases, and to inform Greater Geelong City Council them of 'hot spots'. Knox City Council Maroondah City Council Mildura Rural City Council Implementing 'Crime Crime Prevention Through Incorporating CPTED Banyule City Council Prevention Through Environmental Design' principles into the Baw-Baw City Council Environmental (CPTED) principles advocate construction of new buildings Boroondara City Council Design' Principles careful planning to ensure ensures that new structures Cardinia Shire Council new structures or do not attract graffiti. It is a City of Melbourne renovations have a reduced cost-effective and pro-active Frankston City Council risk of attracting graffiti. prevention strategy. Greater Dandenong City They include: Facilitating Council sight lines to enhance natural Greater Geelong City Council surveillance, improving Knox City Council lighting and landscaping, Manningham City Council site/building design to limit access to walls etc. and using materials that will not attract graffiti. Use of Anti-Graffiti This approach aims to deter This pro-active approach is Bayside City Council Coatings or use of graffitists, as offenders prefer cost-efficient and effective as Boroondara City Council dark paint on to write on light coloured a deterrent. Cardinia City Council Council assets surfaces, and the use of anti- City of Melbourne graffiti coatings allows the Frankston City Council graffiti to be easily removed. Greater Dandenong City Council Mildura Rural City Council Encouraging other Encouraging other agencies, The lower the visible Boroondara City Council Government such as transport providers, presence of graffiti, the less City of Melbourne agencies and to remove graffiti from their likely graffitists will be Frankston City Council service providers to assets and take up encouraged to 'put up' their Greater Dandenong City also take a pro- preventative measures, own graffiti. Council active stance means that graffiti will be Greater Geelong City Council against graffiti reduced throughout the Knox City Council whole municipality, not just Manningham City Council on Council assets. 16 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Community Art School students are invited This instils a sense of Boroondara City Council Projects to participate in community community pride and Greater Dandenong City art projects, such as painting ownership in students, and Council murals in laneways, or also serves to deter possible Knox City Council decorating power boxes, in graffitists as there is strong order to deter graffitists and aversion within the graffiti beautify the municipality. community to writing over another person's artwork. Keeping a Register Enables the linking of The aim is to encourage Cardinia Shire Council of 'tags' incidents and mapping. reporting that leads to Greater Geelong City Council prosecution (or other) of offenders, and to develop accurate and efficient reporting systems for graffiti to assist with rapid removal and a coordinated response. This process can be costly. Place controls on Spray paint, markers etc. are There is some debate as to Cardinia Shire Council sale of graffiti placed in locked cabinets, the effectiveness of this Casey City Council implements through out of sight of customers, by strategy. There is an City of Melbourne voluntary accord of traders to deter young argument that graffitists will Greater Geelong City Council traders people from buying or just go elsewhere to Manningham City Council stealing these implements. purchase their tools, unless there was a total ban against the sale of spray paint cans to minors, which is seen by many as putting across a message of distrust to all youths. Legal Murals/Art Delegating specific walls or There are mixed feelings on Cardinia Shire Council areas where graffiti artists this strategy. Although legal Greater Dandenong City can produce their works graffiti can be useful on a Council legally. continually damaged site, Greater Geelong City Council they may be considered to Mildura Rural City Council send out mixed messages, Port Phillip City Council and they don't necessarily appeal to the culture of graffitists. Others argue that this approach to reducing graffiti reflects negatively on it as a legitimate art form. 17 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti Provision of Youth Council provision of Aims to focus youth activities Cardinia Shire Council Programs adequate youth programs on legal pursuits, with some City of Melbourne (eg. Skate parks, youth activities proving to be quite Greater Geelong City Council centres/activities) that will - successful. However, with Knox City Council as a by-product - assist in the provision of skate parks Port Phillip City Council graffiti reduction by providing usually comes an increase in recreational opportunities for graffiti in that area, so these young people activities do not wholly divert attention away from illegal activities. 18 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti KEY RECOMMENDATIONS • A comprehensive graffiti policy should include a combination of removal, educational and preventative strategies in order to tackle graffiti both in the short-term and the long-term. Policies adopted by Greater Geelong City Council, Greater Dandenong City Council, Boroondara City Council and Knox City Council, provide examples of the broad approach necessary to manage graffiti. Councils newly adopting or updating graffiti policies should therefore select a range of approaches that best suit the needs of their municipality. • Different strategies achieve different results depending upon which municipality they are implemented in. Therefore, councils should conduct pilot programs to test the success of their chosen strategies before implementing them across the whole of the municipality. • It is unrealistic to expect that graffiti can be eradicated totally. Rather, graffiti management requires a long-term commitment by councils. Councils need to allow room for graffiti management in their budgets over the long term, taking the lead from pro-active councils such as Greater Geelong and Knox. • Councils should cooperate with each other by communicating their different approaches and successes, in order to establish best practice within each municipality. Graffiti is a blight upon our urban landscape, creating the impression of crime and delinquency within our communities. As such, it is an issue that demands immediate attention. It is hoped that this report has provided the necessary information to enable those councils that have not yet taken action to lay down a corner stone upon which can be built a whole of State approach to the management of graffiti. 19 The Writing's on the Wall – Victorian Local Government Responses to Graffiti REFERENCES • Individual local government publications. • www.kesab.asn.au/graffiti/report.pdf 20


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Misa Espiritual March 7th
On March 7th, our temple will be hosting a Misa Espiritual, White table service/mass, and you are welcome to come join us.
During a Misa Espiritual, Mediums communicate messages from Spirit Guides and ancestors to people in the congragation. They help people resolve their issues, get guidance and spiritual healing. If you've never been to a spiritual ceremony, this is a good introduction to the Spiritual world. For those who practice American Spiritualism, it is very similar to what is known as a Message Service.
Email Soley at email@example.com for time, location and further information. Seating is limited to first come, first serve basis.
Hope to see you there,
Papa Hector
Protected: DIY LUCK RITUAL
Take a mystical journey along the life of a powerful Espiritista, Bruja and Healer, Dona Juana. Learn how she came to do the spiritual work that she did, and how she affected and changed the world of the people around her. This is a story of mystical transformation, spiritual healing, and how the spiritual world can help to literally transform and change peoples lives for the better. Espiritismo Folklorico, or Espiritismo del Pueblo, or Espiritismo de la Mesa Blanca, Brujeria, Curanderismo, the practices of Dona Juana are known under many of these names. These are powerful Spiritual Traditions of Puerto Rico in which the Spiritual World is contacted and worked with to help people find love, healing, peace, and happiness in their lives.
If you didn't get a chance to come to our wonderful Mediumship Skills 101 workshop in California here is your chance!
Cd is only $121 and has 2 hours of valuable information never before released to the public. Order now by clicking here:
Hello Everyone,
Wishing everyone a beautiful fall and a Happy Halloween.
This year, as we have for many years now already, we will be hosting our annual Fete Gede, feast of the Gede, the dead and the Ancestors.
This ceremony will be held on Sat. November 8th at 3pm.
Donation: Non members- $25 to attend.
Members- Contact us
Please Email us at firstname.lastname@example.com for further information and directions to our location,
See you there,
and Happy Halloween,
Papa Hector
With Houngan Hector Salva – World Renowned Sansista Medium
Priestess Shoshana Des Chenes – Sansista at Priestess Works
Mediumship Skills
October 4th 2014
12:30 – 2:00
Register $99
Workshop Syllabus
Mediumship Skills
– A comprehensive course designed by Papa Hector Salva and the Gade Nou Leve Society.
-Together, Priestess Shoshana and Houngan Hector will share their invaluable knowledge and experience with you.
– In this full curriculum you will learn what you need to know to enhance or begin your mediumship work.
– As we enter Autumn, spirits are abound, learn to communicate more effectively, while being safe and assured your practice is taking the right direction.
LUNCH (2:00pm – 3:00pm)
Free Misa Espiritual
3:00 – 6:00 Mediums Channeling
EMAIL US TODAY AT firstname.lastname@example.com TO REGISTER OR GET MORE INFORMATION.
LaSirene is the Spirit of the Sea, the Queen of the Seas.
A Spirit of luck, beauty, wealth, and the Arts. She is also a spirit of hypnotizing love and seduction. Many men and women like to receive her special bath to increase their powers of attraction. She is a Spirit who many actively try to receive her favor. You can read more about her here:
This year we will be doing her Special Bath at the Sea. In Atlantic City, New Jersey on Aug 23rd at 9 am.
And afterwards at 3pm we will be having a special ceremony in honor of her and her Husband. Someone will be marrying her husband, the powerful Met Agwe.
Due to this, and the charity of the person giving the ceremony, we are able to offer a very special price this year for this special ceremony.
If you come in person, you will need to bring your fee, a set of old clothing and a set of white clothing. Everything else will be provided for you.
This year only the bath will be given for $121.
If you are far away and would like this mailed to you (only in the US — unfortunately due to customs we are unable to send this internationally) — It will be $151 to cover shipping and other materials we will have to send you since you were not here to have it administered. (LINK TO ORDER COMING SOON)
You can email us at email@example.com for more information and directions.
Don't miss it!
DIfferences between sanse and las 21 Divisiones
Differences between 21 Division and Sanse–
I know I have spoken on this before, but due to the very closely related nature of these two traditions, I have been requested to expound upon it further as to the differences. It is often very difficult to tell the two Traditions apart, even by many practitioners. This is due, in part, to the regional differences in each of the two Religions.
This article reflects my view and expierence as I have seen, witnessed and been a part of. Being an initiate of both traditions, I can often easily see the differences between the two Traditions. I am sure others will be of other opinions and views, but that is why God gave everyone their own set of eyes, ears, and head to expierence and understand as per their capabilities.
A common misbelief and mistake that people make is to think that no one in the Dominican Republic practices Sanse — only 21 Divisions is practiced there. And in Puerto Rico, one will only find Sanse. That is definately not true. There are many practitioners of both traditions in both islands. There are Sansistas in the DR just as there are Papa Bokos and Mama Mambos in PR.
The main difference between the two traditions is the way that the practioners practice and approach the Spirits. How they work with the Spirits, the Spiritual Contracts (for lack of a better word) that they make with the Spirits and how they do their rituals, ceremonies, etc.
The best way I can describe Sanse is a marriage of Espiritismo Criollo (Or del Pueblo, like we used to say) with La 21 Division. This is part of what causes much of the confusion in determining which is which. Secondly, in Sanse, there are lineages who are more strongly influenced from the 21 Division side of things, and other lineages that have a stronger Espiritismo influence. Sanse also incorporates Puerto Rican Brujeria and Curanderismo practices.
The second obvious and major difference is the culture and therefore the major influences upon both practices. For example, in the 21 Divisions, when it comes to the Misterios the African Influence is stronger than in Sanse. The number of Misterios known as Misterios (under their African names) is larger. The primary focus is on the Misterios. Most Catholic Saints have a name and way they are served as a Misterio. There is a practice for the dead and some elevated Dead and Spirit guides, but this is a bit less common overall and somewhat of a secondary focus.
Except in certain lineages.
Also, the African tribe or nations that are of major influence differ in the two Traditions. In the 21 Divisions, there is a greater number of African tribes and nations that have influence or significance amongst the Divisions. However, in Sanse, the tradition has the majority of it's African influence stemming from the Kongo and their practices. THis has to do with the fact that the majority of the Slaves in Puerto Rico were of Kongo origin. However, in the 21 Divisions, the Kongo influence is one of many African based influences.
In Sanse, all of the Major Misterios of the 21 Divisions are known and known pretty much the same way. Baron de Cementerio, Candelo, Metresili for example. However, the overall number of Saints referred to as Misterios, or rather by their African name, is lesser. In Puerto Rico, much of the African influence was removed much more so than in the Dominican Republic. Therefore, it is common for a Sansista to refer to the lesser known Misterios only under the way of Saints (or Santos). But in Sanse, working with Guias espirituales (Spiritual Guides) is much more pronounced, and often a primary focus as they are seen as the Messengers of the Misterios. While Misterios are worked with and do come in possession, it is generally the more major Misterios (those with the largest followings) that are most commonly seen or mount. It is very common however, for a Guia to come as an Emisario of the Misterio and deliver the messages or do the spiritual work.
In Sanse, however, the Taino Indian influence is much stronger in the way of practices. Although the 21 Divisions definately does have the Indian Divison and those practices, the appearance of Indians and their significance in the Sanse tradition is more readily seen and worked with. Due to this, and the Kongo influence, is another reason why the Sanse tradition takes a greater focus on the Dead and personal Spiritual Guides, Elevated dead, than in the 21 Division.
Another difference is also in who can rise to certain levels of the priesthood within each tradition. The focus on different spiritual abilities is also present. In the 21 Divisions, the focus tends to be more on the possession by the Misterios as the main form of communication. And to recieve the Bautizo ceremony, one must be called to serve as Caballo de Misterio (a horse for the Spirits, someone who gets possessed). That ceremony is reserved for those individuals and for those individuals who are meant to serve in that capacity.
NOte that, Other ceremonies (refresco, aplasamiento) can be received in the 21 Division by others with different capacities, but not the Bautizo.
In Sanse, the Bautizo (or Bautismo) ceremony can be attained by anyone who has developed their spiritual faculties enough, whether or not that be that they can become possessed. To function in the form of Priest in Sanse, possession by the Spirits is not necessarily required. The focus is just as much, if not more so, focused on the other spiritual communication abilities of the person or Priest than that of becoming possessed.
The way that spiritual issues and problems are dealt with also is different between the two traditions. In Sanse, it is working the Causa that takes precedence. And removing or elevating the Causa in order to resolve the issue is the way most situations are approached with. Causa is a very long thing to explain and quite complicated, and it is something that I get into with my students and teach them how to work with these, but to give you an idea — a causa is a negative spirit that is the source or result of a problem or issue.
That I have seen and expierenced also, in Sanse the focus tends to be more on healing or Spiritual Healing. Brujeria and magic do exist, but that focus is somewhat secondary. Where as in the 21 Division, the focus tends to be more on the magical practices and aspects of the Spiritual work. Again healing does happen, quite often, and exists but often it's focus can be made secondary.
Now rituals. In Sanse, generally you will not see any sacrifice of animals. THis is due to the Espiritismo influence on the tradition. However, in the 21 Divisions, there are some lineages that indeed sacrifice animals and some that do not.
In 21 Divisions, there are more ceremonies oriented towards dancing, singing, drumming, etc. than in Sanse. Manis, Prillis, Fiestas de Palo, etc in the 21 Divisions. While Sanse does have it's Fiestas Espirituales, the main focus tends to be on Misas, Velaciones and Reuniones are of primary focus. These ceremonies often do include some singing, but usually are more prayerful and "quiet" in nature, for lack of a better word. In the 21 Divisions, there are also these more quiet types of ceremonies (Hora Santa, Aksyon de Gracias, etc) however the first is more common than the latter.
Another thing that I would like to note, and I know some people are not going to like it — but everyone doesn't like the truth.
As far as I learned, know and am aware, the practice of having a Postiza for the Misterios to reside is one of Sanse — not of the 21 Divisions. I've been involved and grown up around these traditions for more than 20 years. It is only until now that I am hearing people claiming the use of a Postiza in the 21 Divisions. In the 21 Divisions, no such object is given to you — because the Misterios are anchored to the person and their body, and reside with the body. While we have certain objects in the 21 Divisions for the Misterios, they are puntos and are not the "home" and is not a place where the Misterios reside.
Secondly, not all Lineages of Sanse use the Postiza. Some do use the Postiza, some do not. In some it is only used in certain cases, and in others no.
This certainly does not cover all the differences between the two Traditions. But if I were to go into that, I think I might be writing for the next 10 years.
Really the best way for you to know the differences would be to go to the ceremonies of both and expierence for yourself. Both are beautiful but both are definately different.
Best of Luck
Papa Hector


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when ever i login in im told to connect to a game i never joined.... when i try to connect nothing happens >.> i was just about to buy yorick :c
Junior Member
the same thing is happening to me for about an hour and a half now.....
It's a bug that happens occasionally. Leave it for a while and it should fix itself.
how long ............... :c
No idea. I've never had the problem. I've heard a few hours, but then I've also seen much shorter than that. Just keep trying every, say, 15-20 minutes.
thanks bro.
im in the queue to log in and the countdown is about 10 mins, so hopefully in about 10 mins it will be fixed


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His Highness General Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed Al Nahyan, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the UAE Armed Forces made a visit today to Al Ain Municipality, where he was briefed by its Dircetor General Dr Matar Mohamed Al Nuaimi and the staff about the services offered to the public.
Sheikh Mohamed urged the Municiaplity's staff to work as one team and to intensify efforts to provide quality services. He also called for more capability development and capacity building programmes for the UAE staff.
The management and staff of Al Ain Municipality expressed their pleasure over meeting Sheikh Mohamed and pledged further efforts to best serve the city and people of Al Ain.
Sheikh Mohamed was accompanied during his tour by Dr Ahmed Mubarak Al Mazrouei, Secretary General of the Abu Dhabi Executive Council.