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Technological leadership and foreign investors'choice of entry mode
Developing country governments tend to favor joint ventures over other forms of foreign direct investment, believing that local participation facilitates the transfer of technology, and marketing skills. The author assesses joint ventures'potential for such transfers by comparing the characteristics of foreign investors engaged in joint ventures with those of foreign investors engaged in wholly owned projects in transition economies in the early 1990s. Unlike the existing literature, the author focuses on intra-industry differences rather than inter-industry differences in research and development, and advertising intensity. Empirical analysis shows that foreign investors who are technological, or marketing leaders in their industries, are more likely to invest in wholly owned projects than to share ownership. This is true in high- and medium-technology sectors, but not in industries with low research and development spending. The author concludes that it is inappropriate to treat industries as homogeneous in investigating modes of investment. She also suggests that in sectors with high research and development spending, joint ventures may present less potential for transfer of technology, and marketing techniques than wholly owned subsidiaries.
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Date of creation: | 30 Apr 2000 |
Date of revision: | |
Handle: | RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2314 |
Contact details of provider: | Postal: Phone: (202) 477-1234 Web page: http://www.worldbank.org/Email: More information through EDIRC |
References listed on IDEAS
Please report citation or reference errors to , or , if you are the registered author of the cited work, log in to your RePEc Author Service profile, click on "citations" and make appropriate adjustments.:
- Djankov, Simeon & Hoekman, Bernard, 1998. "Avenues of Technology Transfer: Foreign Investment and Productivity Change in the Czech Republic," CEPR Discussion Papers 1883, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Wilfred J. Ethier & James R. Markusen, 1991.
"Multinational Firms, Technology Diffusion and Trade,"
NBER Working Papers
3825, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Ethier, Wilfred J. & Markusen, James R., 1996. "Multinational firms, technology diffusion and trade," Journal of International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 41(1-2), pages 1-28, August.
- Ethier, W.J. & Markusen, J.R., 1993. "Multinational Firms, Technology Diffusion and Trade," ISER Discussion Paper 0303, Institute of Social and Economic Research, Osaka University.
- Benjamin Gomes-Casseres, 1990. "Firm Ownership Preferences and Host Government Restrictions: An Integrated Approach," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 21(1), pages 1-22, March.
- Djankov, Simeon & Hoekman, Bernard, 1997. "Competition Law in Post-Central Planning Bulgaria," CEPR Discussion Papers 1723, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Elizabeth Asiedu & Hadi Salehi Esfahani, 2001. "Ownership Structure In Foreign Direct Investment Projects," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 83(4), pages 647-662, November.
- Miller, R-R & Glen, J-D & Jaspersen, F-Z & Karmokolias, Y, 1996. "International Joint Ventures in Developing Countries. Happy Marriages?," Papers 29, World Bank - International Finance Corporation.
- Cohen, Wesley M & Klepper, Steven, 1992. "The Anatomy of Industry R&D Intensity Distributions," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 82(4), pages 773-99, September.
- Magnus Blomstrom & Mario Zejan, 1989. "Why Do Multinational Firms Seek Out Joint Ventures?," NBER Working Papers 2987, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
- Javorcik, Beata, 1999. "Composition of Foreign Direct Investment and Protection of Intellectual Property Rights in Transition Economies," CEPR Discussion Papers 2228, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
- Keith D Brouthers & Gary J Bamossy, 1997. "The Role of Key Stakeholders in the International Joint Venture Negotiations: Case Studies from Eastern Europe," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 28(2), pages 285-308, June.
- Warhurst, Alyson, 1991. "Technology transfer and the development of China's offshore oil industry," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 19(8), pages 1055-1073, August.
- Ignatius Horstmann & James R. Markusen, 1987. "Licensing versus Direct Investment: A Model of Internalization by the Multinational Enterprise," Canadian Journal of Economics, Canadian Economics Association, vol. 20(3), pages 464-81, August.
- Gomes-Casseres, Benjamin, 1989. "Ownership structures of foreign subsidiaries : Theory and evidence," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 11(1), pages 1-25, January.
- Klaus E Meyer, 1995. "Direct Foreign Investment in Eastern Europe the Role of Labor Costs," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 37(4), pages 69-88, December.
- Bruce Kogut & Harbir Singh, 1988. "The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(3), pages 411-432, September.
- Kogut, Bruce, 1989. "The Stability of Joint Ventures: Reciprocity and Competitive Rivalry," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 38(2), pages 183-98, December.
- Boyes, William J. & Hoffman, Dennis L. & Low, Stuart A., 1989. "An econometric analysis of the bank credit scoring problem," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 3-14, January.
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PetSmart Inc's other long-term assets for the quarter that ended in Oct. 2014 was $202 Mil.
PetSmart Inc's quarterly other long-term assets increased from Apr. 2014 ($194 Mil) to Jul. 2014 ($195 Mil) and increased from Jul. 2014 ($195 Mil) to Oct. 2014 ($202 Mil).
PetSmart Inc's annual other long-term assets increased from Jan. 2012 ($169 Mil) to Jan. 2013 ($190 Mil) and increased from Jan. 2013 ($190 Mil) to Jan. 2014 ($210 Mil).
* All numbers are in millions except for per share data and ratio. All numbers are in their own currency.
PetSmart Inc Annual Data
Jan05 | Jan06 | Jan07 | Jan08 | Jan09 | Jan10 | Jan11 | Jan12 | Jan13 | Jan14 | |
Other Long-Term Assets | 134 | 150 | 162 | 162 | 142 | 151 | 170 | 169 | 190 | 210 |
PetSmart Inc Quarterly Data
Jul12 | Oct12 | Jan13 | Apr13 | Jul13 | Oct13 | Jan14 | Apr14 | Jul14 | Oct14 | |
Other Long-Term Assets | 159 | 165 | 190 | 177 | 182 | 196 | 210 | 194 | 195 | 202 |
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subset: commoncrawl


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Apple ranked last in 'greenness'
Greenpeace International has Apple placed last in its recent rankings for environmental friendliness among major electronics companies. A spokesperson for Greenpeace claims Apple failed to stop using several types of harmful chemicals in its manufacturing processes, and has yet to make a plan for stopping their use. Apple, meanwhile, is rejecting the rankings, claiming its products are among the "greenest" in the world.
"We disagree with Greenpeace's rating and the criteria they chose," Apple spokeswoman Sheryl Seitz said, reading a prepared statement. "Apple has a strong environmental track record and has led the industry in restricting and banning toxic substances such as mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium, as well as many BFRs (brominated flame retardants)."
Fortune: 'Why Apple is the best retailer in America'
Following Apple being named to Fortune's list of most admired companies, the magazine has published an interesting article on the beginning of Apple's retail store effort. "I started to get scared," said Apple CEO Steve Jobs about depending on large retailers to sell Macs before Apple's first retail store was opened. "It was like, 'We have to do something, or we're going to be a victim of the plate tectonics. And we have to think different about this. We have to innovate here.'" Apple's 174 stores, which each attract 13,800 visitors a week on average, now produce sales of $1 billion a quarter for the company. The average Apple Store generates sales of $4,032 per square foot a year—more than Saks, Best Buy, and Tiffany & Co.
Jobs told Fortune how he helped kick off the retail effort. "We looked at it and said, 'You know, this is probably really hard, and really easy for us to get our head handed to us.' So we did a few things. No. 1, I started asking who was the best retail executive at the time. Everybody said Mickey Drexler, who was running the Gap." Jobs then went after Ron Johnson, then a Target executive, to run the retail store operations. "One of the best pieces of advice Mickey ever gave us was to go rent a warehouse and build a prototype of a store, and not, you know, just design it, go build 20 of them, then discover it didn't work," said Jobs. Interestingly, the first Apple Store prototype was scrapped, delaying the launch of the first store by 6-9 months.
Another interesting detail in the article is that the Apple Store Genius Bar was conceived after the majority of a focus group told Johnson that the best service experience they'd ever gotten was from a hotel concierge. "When we launched retail, I got this group together, people from a variety of walks of life," says Johnson. "As an icebreaker, we said, 'Tell us about the best service experience you've ever had.'" Of the 18 people, 16 said it was in a hotel. "We said, 'Well, how do we create a store that has the friendliness of a Four Seasons Hotel?'" The answer: "Let's put a bar in our stores. But instead of dispensing alcohol, we dispense advice."
Apple ranked among most admired companies
Apple ranks 7th on Fortune magazine's 25th annual list of the most admired companies. "You could say that Apple has landed—not only on our street corners and in our malls but also, for the first time, on the top ten of our Most Admired Companies list," writes the magazine. "Apple's peers have watched it upend industries from computers to music. And now it's become the best retailer in America. In 2004, Apple reached $1 billion in annual sales faster than any retailer in history; last year, sales reached $1 billion a quarter. And now comes the next, if not must-have, then must-see, product (iPhone)." To create the magazine's top 20, Fortune survey partners at Hay Group asked 3,322 executives, directors, and securities analysts to select the 10 companies they admire most.
Steve Jobs, Bill Gates to make rare joint appearance
Apple CEO Steve Jobs and Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates will make a rare joint appearance at The Wall Street Journal's D: All Things Digital conference this year. According to show organizers, they will jointly discuss "the history and future of the digital revolution in an unrehearsed, unscripted, onstage conversation." Both executives have made multiple appearances at the conference, but this will be their first joint session at D. Jobs will also appear on his own in a separate segment at D to discuss the latest developments at Apple. The conference, which is sold out, will take place May 29-31 near San Diego, California.
Apple and The Beatles form new trademark agreement
Apple Inc. and The Beatles' Apple Corps said today that they have ended their ongoing trademark dispute and have entered into a new agreement over the use of the Apple name. Under the new agreement, which replaces one from 1991, Apple Inc. will own all of the trademarks related to "Apple" and will license certain trademarks back to Apple Corps. The companies said the terms of settlement are confidential. Apple Inc. won a trademark lawsuit brought on by Apple Corps last year, with a UK judge ruling that the company could continue using its logo on the iTunes Store.
"We love the Beatles, and it has been painful being at odds with them over these trademarks," said Apple CEO Steve Jobs. "It feels great to resolve this in a positive manner, and in a way that should remove the potential of further disagreements in the future." Neil Aspinall, manager of Apple Corps said, "It is great to put this dispute behind us and move on. The years ahead are going to be very exciting times for us. We wish Apple Inc. every success and look forward to many years of peaceful co-operation with them."
Update: We've posted an Editorial discussing the potential impact of the new agreement.
Apple, Google top two brands in world
Google has again beat out Apple for the top spot in an annual global brand ranking. The survey by online branding magazine BrandChannel.com asked 3,625 branding professionals and students "Which brand had the most impact on our lives in 2006?". Globally, the top five were Google, Apple, YouTube, Wikipedia, and Starbucks. The North American results, however, saw Apple in first place, followed by YouTube, Google, Starbucks and Wikipedia. "The poll does not take account of economic brand value, the murky science of assigning a financial value to brand, which regularly puts Coca-Cola in first place," says Reuters. "Neither does it ask respondents to consider whether the brand's impact is positive or negative."
Notes from Q1 2007 Apple Conference Call
In its first-quarter 2007 Quarterly Results Conference Call, Apple Inc. executives provided additional insights into the domestic and international sales of iPods, growth of the iTunes Store, and the potential of both Apple TV and the upcoming iPhone. During his introductory remarks, Apple CFO Peter Oppenheimer noted that music products, including iPod, represented 57% of Apple's total revenue, versus 59% in the preceding year's quarter. The company maintained its MP3 leadership share in the U.S. market, boasting a 72% marketshare in December, according to NPD data, and extended its lead in every international territory for which it has market data. Very strong sales through the iTunes Store helped the company's performance: "other music revenue" grew 29% over the same quarter last year, buoyed by doubled sales of iTunes Gift Cards. iTunes now accounts for 85% of the U.S. market for legal digital music downloads, according to Nielsen Soundscan.
Additional notes from the Conference Call, including Apple TV as the "DVD player of the 21st Century" and potential changes to iPhone before release, are now available below.
iLounge announces 2007 Best of Show Award winners
iLounge has just announced the winners of its Best of Show 2007 Awards:
Alpine X001 Digital Media Receiver
Altec Lansing iM600 Portable Speaker System
Apple iPhone
Belkin Bluetooth Dock Adapter for iPod
Belkin Clear Acrylic and Brushed Metal Case for iPod nano
Belkin TuneStudio
Elgato EyeTV 2.3.3
Griffin Evolve Wireless Speaker System
Harman Kardon Drive + Play 2
iSkin Cerulean Bluetooth Earphones
Lenntek Hookup-Lanyard
Macally TunePro Flat Panel Stereo Speaker with AM/FM Alarm Clock
Power Support Silicone Jacket for iPod shuffle
Roxio Toast 8 Titanium
Congratulations to the winners! Full details are now available in this linked article.
Apple stock soars, smartphone makers sink
Following the introduction of the iPhone today, Apple stock rose $7.10, or more than 8 percent, to end the trading day at $92.57 a share. Meanwhile, being negatively affected by the iPhone, shares of smartphone makers Palm and Research In Motion (RIM) fell sharply. In the wake of the announcement, investors sold off shares of RIM, maker of the Blackberry line of devices, causing the stock to fall nearly 8 percent, or more than $11. Palm, maker of the popular Treo handheld, saw its stock drop nearly 6 percent.
iPhone, Apple TV shown at Macworld keynote
During his keynote presentation at Macworld Expo today, Apple CEO Steve Jobs unveiled the long-rumored iPhone to rapturous applause from the large audience in attendance. Jobs also showed off the retail version of the iTV, now called the Apple TV, and revealed other news such as a company name change and the latest iTunes sales.
• Apple unveils revolutionary iPhone
• Apple TV announced
• iTunes Store sells 2b songs, 50m TV shows, 1.3m movies
• Apple drops 'Computer' from company name
• Apple now fourth-largest music reseller in U.S.
• Cisco sues Apple over iPhone name
• iPhone reaction: Press, analysts, competitors and bloggers
• Apple's Jobs: 'You don't want your phone to be like a PC'
• iLounge Macworld Expo flickr photos
• iLounge Apple keynote photo gallery
• Macworld Expo 2007 keynote video
Apple drops 'Computer' from company name
Toward the end of his keynote presentation today, Apple CEO Steve Jobs announced that his company is dropping the "Computer" from its name and will now officially be known as Apple Inc. Jobs noted that of Apple's four main product lines—the Mac, iPod, Apple TV, and now iPhone—only one was a computer. The name change was more than likely made possible by a settlement last year with The Beatles' Apple Corps.
WSJ: Apple to announce cell phone with Cingular as carrier
The Wall Street Journal is reporting that Apple will announce a mobile phone as early as tomorrow and that the company will use Cingular as its carrier of choice. The Journal reports: "Cingular Wireless is expected to provide wireless service for a new Apple Computer cellphone, people familiar with the situation say. The launch of the new phone and service is expected to be announced as early as Tuesday, these people say. The new product could give Apple access to the huge wireless business, in which nearly a billion handsets are shipped every year, dwarfing the nearly 70 million iPods Apple has sold over the past five years." The newspaper offers no other details on the phone or service.
NY Times: Apple readying 'personal computers in pocket form'
While not distinguishing whether his story is based on his own sources or current circulating rumors, John Markoff of the New York Times writes that Apple is set to unveil a mobile phone that may feature "a sleek ceramic case and a transparent touch screen." Markoff says that "industry executives and competitors" believe Apple has developed "the first of a new generation of devices that are closer to personal computers in pocket form, meaning that they will easily handle music, entertainment, productivity tasks and communications on cellular and other wireless networks." The Times tech writer notes that "Apple's business strategy in offering an Apple phone will potentially be as intriguing as its industrial design." He says Steve Jobs "has been rumored to have entered into an alliance with Cingular," and that the Apple CEO recently told two associates he was "more excited about his current project than he was about the Macintosh."
Analyst: Apple keynote to focus on home entertainment
American Technology Research analyst Shaw Wu believes that Apple's product announcements at Macworld Expo tomorrow will focus on Macs and home entertainment, but that the company could also unveil a new iPod, cell phone, or even an Apple-branded HDTV.
"There appears to be more uncertainty as to what Apple CEO Steve Jobs will announce this year than in previous years. We believe this is likely because Apple is plugging leaks better as protecting its secrecy remains a top priority for the company," Wu says in a research note to clients today. "We therefore believe there will likely be more surprises this year. We anticipate announcements to focus on two areas—Macs and home entertainment. Our supply chain sources indicate new vPods with Bluetooth stereo headphones and cell phones near/at manufacturing stage, though we are not certain on near-term timing."
As do many other Apple watchers, Wu expects Apple to officially release its iTV streaming media device this week. He also expects new iTunes Store movie partners, and hears whispers of an Apple big-screen TV. "We anticipate new movie content partnerships with one or more studios (Fox, Universal, Paramount, and Warner) that extend beyond Disney," says Wu. "Furthermore, we are not certain on timing but our analysis indicates that Apple is beyond prototype on large-screen technologies (for a larger monitor or possibly Apple-branded HDTV)."
Wu says a new video iPod is definitely in the works, but is unsure of timing. "The very successful vPod has not had a major update since August 2005 when it was first announced. Our analysis in the supply chain indicates that its successor has been under development for some time and recent data indicates shifting component order dynamics," Wu says. "We do not have high conviction on timing but see improved battery life, widescreen, and Bluetooth 2.0 stereo as the newest features."
Wu is also unsure if the long-rumored iPod phone will be shown tomorrow. "While our analysis continues to indicate Apple's first cell phone is technically complete, its 'go-to-market' strategy continues to be a mystery and likely a gating factor (MVNO vs. traditional carrier or both)," says the analyst. "Our conviction remains high that Apple's first cell phone will be released in 2007—potentially 1H07."
Apple, others sued over online media distribution
Defunct online movie provider Intertainer has filed a lawsuit against Apple, Google and Napster, alleging that the three companies are infringing on a patent that covers the commercial distribution of digital media over the Internet. "Founded in 1996, Intertainer developed technology to distribute movies on demand through cable and phone lines for viewing on televisions and personal computers. It gained investors including Intel, Microsoft, Sony, NBC and Comcast," according to the New York Times. The company shut down in 2002, filing a suit against the Hollywood studios behind Movielink for anticompetitive actions. The studios settled the lawsuit for an undisclosed sum, and Intertainer is now considered a patent licensing business.
Apple sued over Nike+iPod Sport Kit
In its quarterly report filed with the SEC last week, Apple disclosed that it is facing a lawsuit over the Nike+iPod Sport Kit. Apple said PhatRat Technology filed a lawsuit in October alleging patent infringement. The company claims Apple's product is infringing on several patents held by PhatRat, including: U.S. Patent number 6,499,000 entitled "System and Method for Determining Loft Time, Speed, Height and Distance," U.S. Patent number 6,885,971 entitled "Methods and Systems for Assessing Athletics Performance," U.S. Patent number 6,963,818 entitled "Mobile Speedometer Systems and Associated Methods," and U.S. Patent number 7,092,846 entitled "Systems and Methods for Determining Performance Data," as well as allowed U.S. Patent Application number 11/358,508 entitled "Shoes Employing Monitoring Devices, and Associated Methods."
Apple: 'The first 30 years were just the beginning'
Apple has posted an intriguing new welcome message on the home page of Apple.com. The fresh graphic features a backlit Apple logo with the text, "The first 30 years were just the beginning. Welcome to 2007." While the message could simply be a harmless New Year's greeting, it will no doubt stir up much anticipation before Apple CEO Steve Jobs' keynote at next week's Macworld Expo.
Apple restates past earnings, stands by exec team
Following an independent investigation into the backdating of past stock option practices, Apple today restated past earnings, but cleared current executives of misconduct. Apple said it will record a non-cash charge of $84 million to compensate for improperly handled stock option grants made between 1997 and 2002. The company said after-tax profits would be lowered by $10 million for 2004, $7 million for 2005 and $4 million for 2006.
In delayed filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the company said a special committee of its board found that while Apple CEO Steve Jobs and other managers recommended or were aware of certain inaccurate grant dates, they did not financially benefit from them. Apple said it has "complete confidence" in the executive team.
"The special committee, its independent counsel and forensic accountants have performed an exhaustive investigation of Apple's stock option granting practices," said Al Gore, chair of the special committee, and Jerome York, chair of Apple's Audit and Finance Committee, in a joint statement. "The board of directors is confident that the company has corrected the problems that led to the restatement, and it has complete confidence in Steve Jobs and the senior management team."
Report: Apple falsified stock options documents
Federal prosecutors are investigating stock option documents at Apple that were reportedly falsified by company officials, according to a report by Law.com. The report also says that Apple CEO Steve Jobs has hired his own legal representation to deal with investigators from the SEC and Justice Department. The article does not say which documents were allegedly falsified, but Apple previously stated that "stock option grants made on 15 dates between 1997 and 2002 appear to have grant dates that precede the approval of those grants."
Jonathan Ive awarded Honorary Doctorate
UK-based iLounge Forums member "Doc Evils" has shared his experience in attending an award ceremony presenting Apple's Jonathan Ive with an Honorary Doctorate of the University of the Arts London. The award is in "recognition of the outstanding contribution that an individual has made to his or her chosen field of endeavor." Ive is the Senior Vice President of Industrial Design at Apple and is behind the company's most lauded designs, such as the iMac and iPod.
"Doc Evils" was amongst an audience of students selected from various design courses and members of the press. After the presentation of his doctorate, the editor of British GQ magazine and former student of the college, Dylan Jones, chaired a question and answer session with Ive which lasted over two hours. During the cocktail party which followed the presentation and questions,"Doc Evils" was fortunate enough to have a conversation with Ive, which was without doubt the highlight of the event for him.
Update: In related news, Ive collected his CBE from Her Majesty the Queen in London today. The award was announced in December 2005. In a statement at the time, Apple said: "We are as proud as could be that Jonny is receiving such a prestigious commendation."


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Vt. GE Healthcare lays off 10 percentNovember 16,2012
BURLINGTON GE Healthcare said Thursday it was laying off about 10 percent of its Vermont workforce, but promised to try to find alternate roles for those who lose their jobs.
GE Healthcare spokesman Benjamin Fox wouldnt say how many workers a 10 percent cut represented.
While GE Healthcare regrets the loss of any jobs, the business needs to make tough decisions in the current economic climate, Fox said.
The Burlington Free Press reported that in January GE Healthcare employed about 527 people.
GE Healthcare specializes in information technology for the health care industry.
The South Burlington facility was founded as the medical software producer IDX Systems.GE Healthcare bought IDX in 2005 for $1.2 billion.
Vermont Deputy Commerce Secretary Patricia Moulton Powden said the job losses at GE Healthcare is tragic, but there are other high-tech companies in the area looking for talented employees.
The only silver lining is we have a lot of employers looking for this kind of talent, Moulton Powden said.MORE IN Vermont NewsMONTPELIER Lawmakers are reviewing a bill that could make it more difficult for many public... Full StoryWASHINGTON In the complicated debate over labeling of genetically modified foods, Agriculture... Full StoryHARRISBURG, Pa. Full Story -
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Please recommend a pull saw for my Christmas list
My family's started asking me what I want for Christmas. :-)
One thing that I think I'd like this year is a Japanese (?) pull saw. While I don't know much about them, I know (a) I see them mentioned here on the forum and (b) I don't have one.
Any brand recommendations from you all?
Amazon shows a bunch of different brands (Irwin, Tajima, Shark), and I don't know whether price is an indication of quality.
Here is a link to my personal favorite. Very fine kerf, crosscuts _and_ rips equally well. Replacement blades are only 19 bucks. Saw is 45.
Here is a link that might be useful: Japanese Dovetail saw
I have three different sizes of Shark's saws. Happy with all of them. Which one(s) you want will depend upon what you want to do with them.
I also have a very nice saw that I got at Lee Valley, but I've seen the same thing elsewhere
Here is a link that might be useful: lee valley's saws
Hi Casey and bobsmyuncle, *thanks* for the recommendations! The price range is good, and I like the idea of replacement blades.
Which one(s) you want will depend upon what you want to do with them.
Aye, that's so true, isn't it? :-)
While I don't have a specific project in mind, I recall reading an article in This Old House some time this year where they were fitting wainscoting or something against an existing window stool and apron, and mentioned using a "Japanese pull saw". For the life of me, I cannot find that article now in my TOH issues on my shelf. What I do remember is thinking "wow, that would be handy to have".
And another advantage for me is that I find that I have more muscle power in the "pull" motion than the push motion. I'm a girl, oops, I mean woman. :-) For some reason, I can pull more easily than push.
Thanks again for this!
Just be aware that pull saws are much different than push saws.
Other than the obvious change of motion, that is.
Pull saws have blades much more flexible than push saws. The actual sawing is done more in a rhythm than for speed. That means the complete cut takes longer.
I read an article about why the Japanese prefer pull to push action. They feel the acts of creation are as important, if not more so, than the creation itself. Pulling the saw brings the act inward to the soul and invests more personal effort into making something.
I sometimes get frustrated when using a pull dovetail saw because the blade is more supple than the stronger push design blades. It helps to remember the spirituality of the reason for the design.
Hi handymac,
Wow, thanks for sharing that aspect about the article of why the Japanese prefer pull to push action. Really, truly thanks for that!
For me personally, I cannot tell you what a huge help that is. Because in the last few years, I have been consciously trying to grow more spiritually, and now that you've given me that thought to keep in mind as I use these types of saws, I think it will help me have more success to achieve whatever goal is there in the moment :-)
Thank you so much for sharing that! While I'm sure that I'm inadequately expressing myself here, because before I never connected spirituality with tools, your comments make me think about it in a new way, and I like that.
Pull saws can be made thinner because the blade is in tension when used, so the blade needn't be made thick enough to resist the bending force that is brought against the push-cut saws. The thinner kerf is removing less material, therefore the effort is less. Pull saws are therefore the more efficient cutting tools because they obtain the same results with less energy expense.
Agree with Casey.
I can trim off 1/16" off the end of a board with one of these. Can't do that with a western saw (well, at least _I_ can't)
If I was only to get one, I'd go for the middle one I posted. I've marked "X" (crosscut) and "R" (rip) on the appropriate edges.
Be aware the teeth are usually impulsed hardened. That means you can't resharpen them. It also means hitting something hard might chip a tooth or two off.
You can spend really big bucks on these things. See link. I'd suggest going with a less expensive one and see how you like it.
Here is a link that might be useful: What, not $299?


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OPERSOFT LLC Patent applications | ||
Patent application number | Title | Published |
20090248576 | VARIABLE RATES FOR THIRD PARTY BILL PAYMENT OVER NET (TPBP) AND OTHER SERVICES - An online system which integrates the business components of Shipping, Freight Forwarding and making available Banking credit by means of an effective bidding system on Service Charges and Interest Rates for each bill payment. The System is an advancement over the existing Banking credit line systems and enhances the business process by providing optimum usage of Banking resources at the customers end as well as providing optimum lending opportunities to customers from the Banking end. | 10-01-2009 |


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Support MGoBlog: buy stuff at Amazon
Buying / Selling UM tickets thread with spreadsheet
[UPDATE 8/26/2014 from Seth:]
While the ticket spreadsheet was awesome for its time, we've known for some time that it's subject to abuse, and more likely to be damaged the more our community has grown. We've been on the lookout for some way to add a layer of security that's still free on both ends. Now we have that!
Go here: http://www.tiqiq.com/sellerdirect and sign in with your Facebook account. Then list your tickets, put MGoBlog somewhere in your description if you like, then copy the link to your tickets and paste on the spreadsheet.
Nobody's forced to use that system. This is just a protection for sellers so their price can't be changed, and for buyers so they know they're dealing with a real human with a name and pictures of their cat.
To go along with the 'more informative headlines' theme, this thread will hopefully get set as a sticky. I have made a spreadsheet listing all people selling and looking for tickets.. http://spreadsheets.google.com/ccc?key=0Avnckx2kNv9GdGVPQXBQMDZQdFJ4RTJS... Basketball season is here.. I've started up a new sheet in the document for basketball. Ive made the permissions open to anyone to edit, so we'll try the trust method for a while until someone abuses. Feel free to post what you are looking for or selling. If it gets abused, I'll go back to the method of requiring someone to email me and then posting.
New policy: tickets sold at discount for students with financial need
Via the Michigan Daily (LINK):
The Michigan Athletic Department will announce a new policy Monday regarding the prices of student tickets, in which students demonstrating financial need are eligible for pricing discounts.
Students who meet the eligibility criteria for the Federal Pell Grant will be able to purchase season tickets for football, men's basketball and hockey at a discounted rate. The standard prices for football, men's basketball and hockey tickets in 2015-16 will be $175, $200 and $150, respectively, while the discounted prices are $100, $120 and $90.
Nice work by CSG prez Bobby Dishell:
The idea for need-based pricing for tickets came from Central Student Government President Bobby Dishell. When Dishell worked with the Athletic Department earlier in the school year to come up with a plan for lowering football ticket prices, he spoke with members of the Athletic Department about the possibility of special need-based pricing.
Season Ticket Interest List
I am debating on donating the minimum $150 to join the season ticket list. Does anyone have info or experiences on the chances I am offered tickets if I only donate the minimum this year?
Best location for Michigan friendly seats at ND?
Dear mgoblog community,
I'm strongly considering stub hubbing one ticket to the game this Saturday in South Bend, as my son is going as a guest of a family of Notre Dame friends and sitting WITH THEM in the ND section.
I sat with them a couple years ago, and while they're cool, the surrounding fans...
...not so much.
So if I were to buy a single ticket for me, what sections are best in terms of Michigan company?
Thanks, and Go Blue!
Big Ten tournament tickets
I'm sure this gets asked every year, but could someone please shed some light on getting tickets to the tournament. I checked StubHub and there are tickets available, but I don't know if I want to buy single day tickets now, not knowing if we're going to be playing that day. If you go to Indianapolis, can you find tickets the day of? I figure we'll get a bye on Thursday, and either I'll go down for Friday, or Friday and Saturday.
Michigan Hockey at the Joe Ticket Question
With next week's game (Jan 23rd) vs MSU at Joe Louis I was wondering if there was a standard "side" of the arena Michigan fans typically are designated? I assumed the band will be on the Upper Level, but haven't been able to locate where.
Looking to take my fiance to her first Michigan hockey game and want her to get a taste for the experience. She hasn't been able to make a game at Yost yet, so thought this would be a good start.
Thanks in advance!


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Peninsula Home Care Becomes First Home Care Agency in the Region to Deploy Community Health Workers - December 9, 2014
How can we help you take better care of yourself? SALISBURY, MD – Health providers across the nation are turning to community health workers (CHWs) to serve as connectors between health care consumers and providers. Peninsula Home Care is leading the way as the first home care agency in the region to offer community health [.. Read the full article ..]
Peninsula Home Care Offers Free Chronic Disease Self-Management Workshops - November 10, 2014
SEAFORD, DE – Some people are sick and tired – of being sick and tired? People diagnosed with chronic diseases such as cancer, arthritis, heart disease or diabetes face an uphill battle most days to find the strength to manage their illness, curb their pain and have a positive outlook on life. Peninsula Home Care [.. Read the full article ..]
Peninsula Home Care's Pulse is on Providing Tools to Measure Oxygen Levels for Healthy Lung Month - October 6, 2014
SALISBURY, MD – It's amazing how something so small and simple can save lives. Like the little clip placed on a patient's finger during a well-check. This device, called a pulse oximeter, is used to measure oxygen levels in the bloodstream. These fingertip size devices become a lifesaving tool when they detect problems in the [.. Read the full article ..]
Peninsula Home Care Becomes First in the Region to Certify Therapists to Treat Stroke Patients with Saebo Neurological Orthotic Devices - September 1, 2014
Innovative Rehabilitation Products Designed to Re-Program the Brain For more than 700,000 stroke patients in the U.S. each year, the crippling reality of stroke is not only physical, it is all encompassing. Getting dressed, making a sandwich, brushing teeth … even the most basic task becomes a daily challenge. But, hope can be found in [.. Read the full article ..]
Peninsula Home Care Promotes Lifesaving Vaccines for Seniors - August 6, 2014
National Immunization Month highlights how regularly scheduled vaccinations and up-to-date medical records can save lives. Scheduling vaccinations regularly is one of the single most important steps of staying healthy and preventing illness, year-round and long-term. An estimated 45,000 adults ages 65 and older die annually from complications due to vaccine-preventable diseases. "One of the biggest [.. Read the full article ..]


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Categories 7-Day Forecast First Alert Doppler Weather Cameras Humidity 92% Winds 4.6mph View Full Forecast › 8° Colorado Springs ›
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Union says Denver officers ordered not to wear riot gear DENVER (AP) - Denver's police union says officers' safety is being compromised by orders not... Read Story ›
Thursday Weather: Sunny & Warm (Rinse & Repeat) Colorado Springs hit 60 degrees on Wednesday afternoon. Pueblo warmed to 62 degrees. Those Wednesday... Read Story ›
UNLV hires high school football coach LAS VEGAS (AP) - Bishop Gorman High School coach Tony Sanchez is set to take... Read Story ›
Slum study sought for Lower Westside PUEBLO - Pueblo City Council is expected vote tonight on proposed resolution asking the Pueblo... Read Story ›
Pueblo County records first death from flu A person has died from influenza in Pueblo County, according to Public Health officials. 60... Read Story ›
Union says Denver officers ordered not to wear riot gear DENVER (AP) - Denver's police union says officers' safety is being compromised by orders not... Read Story ›
2 years 2 months ago Students deliver toys to kids in Pueblo hospitals Christmas gifts can light up a child's face. That's especially true when they're in the hospital, so the Honors Society at Central High School in Pueblo visited them today at St. Mary Corwin Medical Center. Just like Santa's elves, they brought joy and presents! "It's always a good... Read Story › Share: Facebook Twitter Google Plus
Play Black Forest Selects New Fire Chief Play Air Academy Hockey, Athlete of the Week Play Thousands of kids in need this Christmas Play Improving Stormwater drainage in Colorado Springs Play K9 coming to Canon City Police Dept. Play Report released about safety lapse in Pueblo abuse case Play Pit Bull Trial Play Your Healthy Family Play Pit bull released and reunited with his family Play Caught On Cam: Fiery Rescue Play Santa Delivers A Miracle Play New hospital gown gives full coverage Play City Council and Mayor Bach Battle over Budget Play Urban Renewal hopeful for city loan Play PD: Vandals do over $40K in damage to Pueblo school Play StopFraudColorado.gov targets scammers 1 2 3 4


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India woos foreign film-makers with faster approvals
Published on Jan 15, 2014 9:01 PM
NEW DELHI (AFP) - India has simplified rules for foreign moviemakers wanting to film in the country and is promising speedy approval of projects, after frustrating redtape and delays were blamed for crews shooting elsewhere.
The ministry of information and broadcasting said it was "inviting" foreign film-makers to make their movies in India – "a country with locations of untold beauty".
"We have simplified the procedure for shooting of films by foreigners in India," the ministry of information and broadcasting said on its website.
"Your permission to shoot should not take more than three weeks to process," an undated notice on the website said on Wednesday.
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For all of the translators out there rushing to get their Heim Translation Grant applications finished on time . . . pause. Relax. You have another two weeks.
The official deadline for submissions is now January 30th. And if you need the details on how to apply, click here or read below:
The PEN/Heim Translation Fund was established in the summer of 2003 by a gift of $730,000 from Priscilla and Michael Henry Heim in response to the dismayingly low number of literary translations currently appearing in English. Its purpose is to promote the publication and reception of translated world literature in English. [. . .]
Who is eligible
The PEN/Heim Translation Fund provides grants to support the translation of book-length works of fiction, creative nonfiction, poetry, or drama that have not previously appeared in English in print or have appeared only in an outdated or otherwise flawed translation.
There are no restrictions on the nationality or citizenship of the translator, but the works must be translated into English.
The Fund seeks to encourage translators to undertake projects they might not otherwise have had the means to attempt.
Anthologies with multiple translators, works of literary criticism, and scholarly or technical texts do not qualify.
As of 2008, translators who have previously been awarded grants by the Fund are ineligible to reapply for three years after the year in which they receive a grant.
In addition, projects that have already been submitted and have not received a grant are unlikely to be reconsidered in a subsequent year.
Translators may only submit one project per year.
I'm not sure why I didn't think of this sooner, but starting with this year's grants, Open Letter is going to donate a copy of The Man Between: Michael Henry Heim & A Life in Translation to all the recipients. It's only appropriate that they have a copy of the book about the man who made the grant possible . . .
On a tangential note, we recently signed on Guillermo Saccomanno's Gesell Dome, which we found out about when Andrea Labinger received a Heim award last year. According to the PEN website, 78% of the winning books from the first five years of the Fund have found publishers. So even if you don't have a publisher lined up for your work, you should definitely apply—you might just find one!
Last week, the Instytut Ksiazki announced that this year's Transatlantyk Award was to Vlasta Dvořáčková, who translates Polish literature into Czech.
Vlasta Dvořáčková is the most important Czech translator of Czesław Miłosz, Tadeusz Różewicz, Wisława Szymborska, and Zbigniew Herbert. Ever since having studied Polish Literature at Charles University in Prague – in the complex circumstances of a communist state and widespread censorship – she has promoted Polish literature and culture, including authors that were blacklisted. She has performed an invaluable service in her publishing and popularizing of modern Polish poetry, both before and after 1989. Her contribution to the popularization of the classics of Polish literature is also inestimable, as her translations include Jan Andrzej Morsztyn, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski, Henryk Sienkiewicz and Adam Mickiewicz. Dvořáčková has won the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of Poland. In 2009 she received the translation of the year award from the Czech Translators' Association for her rendering of recent volumes by Wisława Szymborska (Moment, Colon, and Here). She also translates from German and English.
The Transatlantyk is an annual Book Institute award presented for outstanding achievement in the promotion of Polish literature in the world. The Award Chapter selects the winner; it is made up of Ireneusz Kania, Xenia Staroshyelska, Beata Stasińska and Olga Tokarczuk. The head is the Director of the Book Institute. The award includes 10,000 euro and a statue. The winners to date have been: Henryk Bereska (2005), Anders Bodegård (2006), Albrecht Lempp (2007), Xenia Staroshyelska (2008), Biserka Rajčić (2009), and Pietro Marchesani (2010).
The Shortlist for the 2011 Independent Foreign Fiction Prize was announced on Monday and is a really interesting group of six titles:
Visitation by Jenny Erpenbeck, translated by Susan Bernofsky from the German
Kamchatka by Marcelo Figueras, translated by Frank Wynne from the Spanish
The Museum of Innocence by Orhan Pamuk, translated by Maureen Freely from the Turkish
I Curse the River of Time by Per Petterson, translated by Charlotte Barslund with Per Petterson from the Norwegian
Red April by Santiago Roncagliolo, translated by Edith Grossman from the Spanish
The Sickness by Alberto Barrera Tyszka, translated by Margaret Jull Costa from the Spanish
For glaringly obvious reasons, the IFFP is one of my favorite annual awards, and is one of the inspirations for the Best Translated Book Award. It's always interesting to see the convergences (and divergences) of the two awards . . .
This year there's quite a bit of overlap: Visitation and I Cures the River of Time were on the 2011 BTBA longlist (and Visitation on the shortlist), and The Museum of Innocence was on the 2010 longlist. Kamchatka is just coming out in the States (more on Figueras later in relation to the PEN World Voices event in Rochester), and The Sickness doesn't seem to have a U.S. publisher. (Although it must . . . Anyone have any info?)
It's impossible guessing a winner, but I think the Erpenbeck has a great chance . . . Anyway, all six are worth checking out, and the winner will be announced on May 26th.
Just received this reminder from Emma Archer:
The Florence Gould Foundation and the French-American Foundation are currently accepting submissions for their Annual Translation Prizes.
This year the foundation will present a $10 000 cash award for the best English translation of French in both fiction and non-fiction.
Translations for consideration must have been published for the first time in the United States between January 1 and December 31, 2009 and must be submitted, accompanied by the French original work by December 31, 2009 (one French copy and one English copy).
All categories of work are eligible in fiction and nonfiction, with the exception of technical, scientific and reference works, and children's literature. The prizes will be announced and presented in the spring of 2010.
All submissions should be sent to:
The French-American Foundation
Translation Prizes
28 West 44th Street, Suite 1420
New York, New York 10036
Each submission must be sent with the corresponding submission form.This form should include required contact information for both French and American publishers (editorial and publicity departments) and for the translator.
Submissions will not be considered without duly filled submission form.
For inquiries, please contact earcher [at] frenchamerican [dot] org.
I'd totally stealing this post from Paper Republic. If it weren't for PR, I think these dates would've passed without my noticing. (Isn't it still the middle of December?)
I'm not exactly sure when this was announced, but the list of the recipients of the FY 2008 NEA Literature Fellowships for Translations is now available online.
The NEA seems to do a consistently great job of supporting interesting projects from worthy translators, and this year is no exception. Among this year's winners are:
Fourteen translators received awards this year in the amount of $10,000 or $20,000. And the link above not only lists all the recipients, but has descriptions of their projects as well . . .
I've heard from very reliable sources that the NEA doesn't receive very many applications for this grant. Which absolutely boggles my mind. Aside from a few special prizes, there is no other grant that American translators can apply for where they can receive more than $10,000 for their work.
Seriously, the next deadline is January 7, 2008, and the application info can be found here.
The last five days of the eleventh-century Icelandic politician, writer of sagas, and famous murder victim Snorri Sturleleson (the Norwegian spelling, Snorre, is preserved in the book) make up Thorvald Steen's most recently translated historical fiction, The Little Horse. Murdered. . .
We all know Paris, or at least we think we know it. The Eiffel Tower. The Latin Quarter. The Champs-Élysées. The touristy stuff. In Dominique Fabre's novel, Guys Like Me, we're shown a different side of Paris: a gray, decaying. . .
One hundred pages into Birth of a Bridge, the prize-winning novel from French writer Maylis de Kerangal, the narrator describes how starting in November, birds come to nest in the wetlands of the fictional city of Coca, California, for three. . .
At 30, the Mexican writer Valeria Luiselli is already gathering her rosebuds. Faces in the Crowd, her poised debut novel, was published by Coffee House Press, along with her Brodsky-infused essay collection, Sidewalks. The essays stand as a theoretical map. . .
Fantomas Versus the Multinational Vampires: An Attainable Utopia (narrated by Julio Cortázar) is, not disappointingly, as wild a book as its title suggests. It is a half-novella half-graphic novel story about . . . what, exactly? A European tribunal, Latin. . .
Marie NDiaye has created a tiny, psychological masterpiece with her Self-Portrait in Green. In it she explores how our private fears and insecurities can distort what we believe to be real and can cause us to sabotage our intimate relationships.. . .
Reading a genre book—whether fantasy, science fiction, crime, thriller, etc.—which begins to seem excessively, stereotypically bad, I have to make sure to ask myself: is this parodying the flaws of the genre? Usually, this questioning takes its time coming. In. . .


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Below is the poem entitled Relation which was written by poet Sallam Yassin. Please feel free to comment on this poem. However, please remember, PoetrySoup is a place of encouragement and growth.
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Learn more about Dane Cook-Isolated Incident:
Editor's Note
The multi-platinum comic Dane Cook embraces his dark side in this performance captured live at Hollywood's famed Laugh Factory. With an intimate crowd of 400 hanging on his every punchline, the performance marked a definite shift in focus from Cook's previous arena concerts and offered him the opportunity to reinvent his image by treading on topics that most mainstream comics wouldn't touch with a 10-foot mic stand.
Cast & Crew
Dane Cook | |
Dane Cook - Performer(s) |


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Hang tight!
Recipe by Cain & Sharlena
"Delish! If you like mustard and pork, create and devour. Serve with salad with vinaigrette dressing, goat cheese, tomato, and crumbled bacon. Enjoy!"
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2 boneless pork chops
salt and ground black pepper to taste
1 pinch Italian seasoning, or to taste
1 tablespoon butter
1 tablespoon olive oil
1 onion, sliced
2 shallots, sliced
1 tablespoon chicken stock
2 tablespoons white cooking wine
1 cup half-and-half
2 1/2 tablespoons horseradish mustard
2 teaspoons lemon juice
1/4 teaspoon fresh thyme
Made this tonight and got rave reviews from my boyfriend...The only things I did differently was add some more butter to the sauce, as well as some freshly grated parmesan cheese. It was such a beautiful presentation along side roasted asparagus, and even better taste. Thank you!
Great recipe! Would make again
3 Ratings
I omitted the shallot since I didn't have any and added a little parmesan cheese and garlic to the sauce. Turned out great!
* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2,000 calorie diet.
Boneless Pork Chop with Shallot Mustard Sauce
Serving Size: 1/2 of a recipe Servings Per Recipe: 2 Amount Per Serving Calories: 471 Calories from Fat: 312
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Economics and Globalization Events
Latin America's Global Insertion
May 29, 2013 // 4:00pm — 5:30pm
Latin American Program
Countries in Latin America are revising their patterns of international insertion and new patterns of economic and political integration are emerging.
Serbia's Challenges on Its Path to EU Accession
May 29, 2013 // 1:00pm — 2:00pm
Global Europe Program
Assistant Foreign Minister of Serbia Ljubica Vasic will discuss the challenges and opportunities that the Republic of Serbia faces on its path to European integration. Vasic will address key reforms that the country has introduced so far to advance its EU accession bid, and will explain why the European integration process is important for the overall development of the country. She will outline the steps that Serbia has taken to achieve one of its main foreign policy goals – EU membership.
The State of the U.S.-Mexico Border
May 23, 2013 // 3:30pm — 5:30pm
Mexico Institute
As the debate over immigration reform has brought the management of the U.S.-Mexico border back into the spotlight, the Mexico Institute is pleased to invite you to the launch of its new State of the Border Report.
Business of Civil War: New Forms of Life in the Debris of the Democratic Republic of Congo
May 22, 2013 // 2:00pm — 3:30pm
Africa Program
This event has been organized in order to discuss a new book authored by Patience Kabamba, Assistant Professor of International Studies at Marymount Manhattan College. In this work, Kabamba discusses the enterprises of the Nande trust networks and consequently aims to challenge the assumption that a "weak state" is synonymous with a "failed" society.
Barriers to Cross-Border Labour Mobility for Professionals Doing Business in Canada and the United States (Toronto)
May 22, 2013 // 12:00pm — 1:30pm
Canada Institute
The Canada Institute launched the 16th issue of its One Issue, Two Voices series in Toronto on May 22, 2013. Addressing the problem of executive labor mobility, the publication and the panel addressed the barriers that professionals face when crossing the Canada-U.S. border on business. The moderator, Eileen Martin, who has extensive experience in immigration law as well as at border crossings as a customs agent, discussed the reality of what happens at the border; the two authors discussed the challenges faced by their members.
A Conversation with Congressman Henrique Eduardo Alves, Speaker of Brazil's House of Representatives
May 22, 2013 // 9:00am — 11:00am
Brazil Institute
On Wednesday, May 22nd, the Brazil Institute welcomes the President of Brazil's Chamber of Deputies, Congressman Henrique Eduardo Alves.
Africa: Agriculture, Structural Change and the Urban Imperative
May 22, 2013 // 9:00am — 11:00am
Urban Sustainability Laboratory
Panelists will examine how African nations can manage structural and spatial change to broaden economic growth.
The GEF Looking Forward
May 20, 2013 // 3:00pm — 5:00pm
Brazil Institute
On Monday, May 20th, the new CEO and Chairperson of the GEF, Dr. Naoko Iishii, gave her insight on the role of the GEF in international development.
Crisis in the Eurozone: Challenges and Opportunities for the European South
May 16, 2013 // 9:00am — 10:00am
Global Europe Program
European integration is the result of a series of policy initiatives with strong voluntaristic features. By far the most important of those initiatives was the adoption of the euro as a common currency for the 17 countries-members of the euro zone. The European edifice was designed for normal conditions and not for crisis situations. The budgetary and financial crisis of the recent years led necessarily to the adoption of an extraordinary system of economic governance of the euro area with entirely intergovernmental- and not community- features. While the countries in crisis are predominantly in the European South, Evangelos Venizelos, President of PASOK, argues that the notion of the European South is a political and not a geographic concept.
More than Revenue: Taxation as a Development Tool
May 15, 2013 // 9:00am — 11:00am
Latin American Program
The Latin American Program presented a new report from the Inter-American Development Bank, "More than Revenue"


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By: Brendan Kearney January 28, 2010
…gee, the gentleman "had some mental issues" and, well, the Brotha wanted to WorkItOut. makes perfect sense to me. No, really folks, this appears to be another instance of the court system acting as a surrogate mental health care system – the court system as a substitute for the ineffectual (or non-existent in some places) mental health system.
'Tis a pity the gentleman was a victim of the Baltimore Public school system which failed to convey to him the importance, and even majesty, of his given name. His name sake, James Weldon Johnson was one of the great figures of the Reconstruction Era, of African-American history and American history in general. JWJ served as the United States' Consul General to both Venezuela and Nicaragua, an attorney and a college professor and the composer of the little-sung, little-remembered "Negro National Anthem" a musically avant garde composition that captured the sentiment of an oppressed and newly-freed peoples and the idiosyncratic classical musical renditions of the late 19th-century.
According to his case docket, Mr. Workitout's rearraignment has been "postponed until further notice." I'll let everyone know if/when it eventually…(groan)…works out.


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2 Stocks That Could Soar if Gas Reaches $4 a Gallon
Clean Energy Fuels (CLNE - Get Report)
This company, formerly known as Pickens Fuels, was founded by oil legend T. Boone Pickens. Though he made his fortune in crude oil, he's become much more bullish on natural gas in recent years, especially as a transportation fuel source. He currently controls about 4.7 million shares (or 7%) of the company, so he's got an obvious agenda. And his vision has not yet delivered the shareholder returns he had hoped. Even though Clean Energy Fuels is the largest operator of natural gas filling stations (with almost 250 at last count), bottom-line results haven't added up. The company has never generated positive free cash flow and has had to repeatedly sell more stock to raise capital in order to extend the filling station network.Yet that network of filling stations may have finally reached critical mass. The company is expected to book quarterly GAAP profits by the middle of next year. Fuel sales shot up 60% in 2010 (to $212 million) and should top $350 million by next year. At a $500 million run rate, the company thinks it would generate solid levels of profitability.
Of course, more natural-gas-fueled cars on the road would instantly change the company's trajectory. And help may be on the way. Honda (HMC) already sells a natural-gas-powered Civic; GM (GM) is launching a line of pick-up trucks powered by CNG (compressed natural gas), and Ford's (F) Transit Connect minivan will soon be available in a similar configuration. European automakers, including Fiat, already sell natural-gas-powered cars in their home region.
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text:
Scrambled Eggs With Mushrooms, Onions and Parmesan Cheese
Total Time
15 minsCook
10 minsI'm not sure if I came up with this on my own or if it's a common recipe but I had a craving for eggs with cheese and mushrooms last night, when I started to make it and get the ingredients, I discovered to my dismay that we were totally out of cheese which is quite unusal in my house, anyway, I sauted some sliced fresh muchrooms and chopped onions in butter, added some parmesan cheese, let it saute for about 15 minutes, then scrambled eggs and added it to the other ingredients....was pleasantly surprised, it came out very tasty and I will be making it again, DH an DS loved it.
- Heat saucepan, Add butter till it's melted.
- Add mushrooms and onions, stir well.
- Add Parmesan cheese.
- Saute on low heat for about 15 minutes.
- In a separate bowl, scramble egg and milk.
- Add egg and milk mixture to other ingredients.
- Scramble as you would if you were making plain scrambled eggs.
- Cood over medium heat, stirring constantly --.
- When eggs are not wet anymore, serve with toast or bagels -- .
Nutrition Info
Serving Size: 1 (110 g)
Servings Per Recipe: 2
- Amount Per Serving
- % Daily Value
- Calories 173.1
- Calories from Fat 130
- 75%
- Total Fat 14.5 g
- 22%
- Saturated Fat 7.7 g
- 38%
- Cholesterol 212.2 mg
- 70%
- Sodium 190.9 mg
- 7%
- Total Carbohydrate 2.4 g
- 0%
- Dietary Fiber 0.4 g
- 1%
- Sugars 1.1 g
- 4%
- Protein 8.7 g
- 17%
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Kennis Caravans and Motorhomes refurbish and re-equip our guaranteed, pre-owned caravans and motorhomes,and also include invaluable free Roadside Assistance on New and Pre-owned units. We provide not only excellent deals on all types of new and pre-owned caravans and motorhomes, but will consider matching any written quotation, and then offer you the benefit of our vast experience and dedicated aftercare.
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text:
The goalkeeper urged the Basques to move on as quickly as possible after failing in their brave bid to end the club's wait for a first continental trophy
Athletic Bilbao goalkeeper Gorka Iraizoz urged his devastated team-mates to avoid dwelling on their Europa League final loss to Atletico Madrid and instead focus on making amends in their Copa del Rey showdown with Barcelona later this month.The Basques had high hopes of ending their wait for a first continental title after overcoming Manchester United and Schalke on their way to Bucharest, but they were outgunned by their Liga rivals in the tournament decider, succumbing to two first-half goals from Radamel Falcao and a third from Diego late on.
Iraizoz was unable to hide his own disappointment at the full-time whistle but he insisted afterwards that the players simply have to put the game behind them if they are to have any chance of upsetting Barca at the Vicente Calderon on May 25.
"In 15 days we have another final," the goalkeeper told reporters in the Romanian capital. "We have made it to two finals, which is something few teams do, and although tonight it is difficult, we now have to grit our teeth and, with the support of our fans, hopefully re-emerge in the same way Athletic have done many times before.
"We must go on. We must believe in the work that is being done and be proud of the way in which we got here.
"What we have to do now is to stick together; to be united. We know that we have another chance and we must cling to that now."
Before they can fully focus on the Blaugrana, Athletic must first complete their league campaign with a trip to Valencia on Sunday to take on Levante.


text:
US 7418042 B2 Abstract Data is transmitted over a wireless channel. Convolutionally encoded data is received and the data is repetition encoding where a repetition rate associated with the repetition encoding is set to one of a plurality of possible rates. In some embodiments, data is repeated in the frequency domain. In some embodiments, data is repeated in the time domain.
Claims(24) 1. A method of transmitting data over a wireless channel comprising:
convolutionally encoding data to be transmitted over the wireless channel;
repetition encoding the convolutionally encoded data, wherein repetition encoding is performed in the frequency domain prior to processing by an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT);
masking the repetition encoded data using a long symbol associated with IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 standard a or IEEE 802.11 standard g;
processing the masked data using the IFFT, wherein frequency domain information is transformed into time domain information; and
transmitting the time domain information over the wireless channel.
2. A method of transmitting data over a wireless channel as recited in
3. A method of transmitting data over a wireless channel as recited in
4. A method of transmitting data over a wireless channel as recited in
5. A method of transmitting data over a wireless channel as recited in
6. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel comprising: receiving masked, convolutionally encoded, and repetition encoded data via the wireless channel;
unmasking the received masked, convolutionally encoded, and repetition encoded data using a long symbol associated with IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 standard a or IEEE 802.11 standard g:
processing the unmasked data using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), wherein time domain information is transformed into frequency domain information;
combining the repetition encoded data to produce combined data, wherein combining is performed in the time domain after processing by the FFT; and
decoding the combined data.
7. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
8. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
9. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
10. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
11. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
12. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
13. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
14. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
15. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
16. A method of receiving data over a wireless channel as recited in
estimating a phase offset using the received repetition encoded data by making a hard decision and determining a hard decision corrected signals; and
filtering the estimated phase offset using a median filter.
17. A system for encoding data for transmission over a wireless channel comprising:
a convolutional encoder configured to convolutionally encode data to be transmitted over the wireless channel; and
a repetition encoder configured to repetition encode the convolutionally encoded data, wherein repetition encoding is performed in the frequency domain prior to processing by an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT);
a masker configured to mask the repetition encoded data using a long symbol associated with IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 standard a or IEEE 802.11 standard g;
the IFFT configured to process the masked data, wherein frequency domain information is transformed into time domain information; and
a transmitter configured to transmit the time domain information over the wireless channel.
18. A system for encoding data as recited in
19. A system for encoding data as recited in
20. A system for receiving data over a wireless channel comprising:
a receiver configured to receive masked, convolutionally encoded, and repetition encoded data via the wireless channel;
an unmasker configured to unmask the received masked, convolutionally encoded, and repetition encoded data using a long symbol associated with IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.11 standard a or IEEE 802.11 standard g;
a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) configured to process the unmasked data, wherein time domain information is transformed into frequency domain information;
a data combiner configured to combine the repetition encoded data to produce combined data, wherein combining is performed in the time domain after processing by the FFT; and
a decoder configured to decode the combined data.
21. A system for receiving data as recited in
22. A system for receiving data as recited in
23. A system for receiving data as recited in
24. A system for receiving data as recited in
Description The present invention relates generally to a data transmission scheme for a wireless communication system. More specifically, a repetition coding scheme for a wireless system is disclosed. The IEEE 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g standards, which are hereby incorporated by reference, specify wireless communications systems in bands at 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz. The combination of the 802.11a and 802.11g standards, written as the 802.11a/g standard, will be referred to repeatedly herein for the purpose of example. It should be noted that the techniques described are also applicable to the 802.11b standard where appropriate. It would be useful if alternate systems could be developed for communication over an extended range or in noisy environments. Such communication is collectively referred to herein as extended range communication. The IEEE 802.11a/g standard specifies a robust data encoding scheme that includes error correction. However, for extended range communication, a more robust data transmission scheme at reduced data rates is required. The present invention will be readily understood by the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which: It should be appreciated that the present invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process, an apparatus, a system, or a computer readable medium such as a computer readable storage medium or a computer network wherein program instructions are sent over optical or electronic communication links. It should be noted that the order of the steps of disclosed processes may be altered within the scope of the invention. A detailed description of one or more preferred embodiments of the invention is provided below along with accompanying figures that illustrate by way of example the principles of the invention. While the invention is described in connection with such embodiments, it should be understood that the invention is not limited to any embodiment. On the contrary, the scope of the invention is limited only by the appended claims and the invention encompasses numerous alternatives, modifications and equivalents. For the purpose of example, numerous specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be practiced according to the claims without some or all of these specific details. For the purpose of clarity, technical material that is known in the technical fields related to the invention has not been described in detail so that the present invention is not unnecessarily obscured. In a typical system as described below, bits representing a set of data that is to be communicated are convolutionally encoded or otherwise transformed into values. Various types of modulation may be used such as BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM or 32QAM. In the case of BPSK, which is described further herein, each BPSK symbol may have one of two values and each BPSK symbol corresponds to one bit. An OFDM symbol includes 48 values that are transmitted on different subchannels. To provide extended range, each value that is sent is repeated several times by the transmitter. In one embodiment, the bits are convolutionally encoded using the same encoding scheme as the encoding scheme specified for the IEEE 802.11a/g standard. Each encoded value is repeated and transmitted. Preferably, the values are repeated in the frequency domain, but the values may also be repeated in the time domain. In some embodiments, the repetition coding is implemented before interleaving and a specially designed interleaver is used to handle repeated values. In addition, a pseudorandom code may be superimposed on the OFDM symbols to lower the peak to average ratio of the transmitted signal. The receiver combines each of the signals that correspond to the repetition coded values and then uses the combined signal to recover the values. In embodiments where the values are combined in the frequency domain, the signals are combined coherently with correction made for different subchannel transfer functions and phase shift errors. For the purpose of this description and the claims, �coherently� combining should not be interpreted to mean that the signals are perfectly coherently combined, but only that some phase correction is implemented. The signals from different subchannels are weighted according to the quality of each subchannel. A combined subchannel weighting is provided to a Viterbi detector to facilitate the determination of the most likely transmitted sequence. Using the modulation and encoding scheme incorporated in the IEEE 802.11a/g standard, the required signal to noise ratio decreases linearly with data rate assuming the same modulation technique and base code rate are not changed and repetition coding is used. Some further gains could be achieved through the use of a better code or outer code. However, in a dual mode system that is capable of implementing both the IEEE 802.11a/g standard and an extended range mode, the complexity introduced by those techniques may not be worth the limited gains that could be achieved. Implementing repetition of values is in comparison simpler and more efficient in many cases. The repetition code can be implemented either in the time domain or in the frequency domain. For time domain repetition, the OFDM symbols in the time domain (after the IFFT operation) are repeated a desired number of times, depending on the data rate. This scheme has an advantage in efficiency since just one guard interval is required for r-repeated OFDM symbols in the time domain. The OFDM symbols can also be repeated in the frequency domain (before the IFFT). The disadvantage of this scheme is that one guard interval has to be inserted between every OFDM symbol in the time-domain since the OFDM symbols with frequency-domain repetition are not periodic. However, repetition in the frequency domain can achieve better multipath performance if the repetition pattern is configured in the frequency-domain to achieve frequency diversity. In a typical environment where signals are reflected one or more times between the transmitter and the receiver, it is possible that certain reflections and direct signals will tend to cancel out at the receiver because the phase difference between the paths could be close to 180 degrees. For different frequencies, the phase difference between the paths will be different and so spreading the repeated values among different frequencies to achieve frequency diversity ensures that at least some of the values will arrive at the receiver with sufficient signal strength to be combined and read. To maximize the benefit of frequency diversity, it is preferable to repeat values across subchannels that are as widely spaced as is practicable, since the phase difference between adjacent subchannels is small. The system depicted in For example, one OFDM symbol would carry exactly 1 uncoded repeated bit at a data rate of � Mbps. Since the OFDM symbol could be generated from that one bit, there would never be a need to add extra uncoded bits and so padding would not be necessary in principle. However, due to the special structure of the 802.11a/g interleaver, several bits would need to be padded to make the number of coded bits a multiple of 48 before the interleaver. The padded bits convey no information and add to the overhead of the transmission, making it more inefficient. On the other hand, if the repetition encoder is placed after the interleaver, the repetition coded bits generated from the 48 interleaved bits are distributed over multiple OFDM symbols. Therefore, the receiver would need to process the multiple OFDM symbols before deinterleaving the data could be performed. Therefore, additional buffers would be necessary to store frequency-domain data. The system can be improved and the need for data padding at the transmitter and data buffering at the receiver can be eliminated by redesigning the interleaver so that it operates on bits output from the repetition encoder. Interleaver 306 is preferably designed such that the same (repeated) data are transmitted well separated in the frequency domain to achieve full frequency diversity. For example, a repetition pattern in the frequency domain for in 1 Mbps mode in one embodiment would repeat each bit 6 times. Denoting data in the frequency domain as d1, d2, . . . , d8, the repeated sequence of data is given by:
The same data are placed in a group fashion because it is easy to combine those data at the receiver. Note that the repeated data can be combined only after r (6 in this example) data are available. The repetition pattern in the above example does not provide the greatest possible frequency diversity since the spacing between the same data transmitted on adjacent subchannels may not be large enough and the subchannels corresponding to the same data are not completely independent. Greater frequency diversity would be desirable especially for multipath channels with large delay spreads. Interleaver 306, therefore, is designed to spread the repeated data in the frequency domain to achieve frequency diversity as much as is practical. In one embodiment, the interleaver is designed to optimize the frequency diversity provided by the interleaver for data rates faster than 1 Mbps (repetition number<=6). For lower data rates � and � Mbps, there is enough repetition that sufficient subchannels are covered to provide frequency diversity even if adjacent subchannels are used. In the preferred interleaver described below, repeated bits are separated at least by 8 subchannels and consecutive coded bits from the convolutional encoder are separated at least by 3 subchannels. The interleaver is designed according to the following steps:
For the example interleaver shown, if the input to the interleaver is {1, 2, 3, . . . , 48}, then the output would be: {1, 19, 37, 7, 25, 43, 13, 31, 4, 22, 40, 10, 28, 46, 16, 34, 2, 20, 38, 8, 26, 44, 14, 32, 5, 23, 41, 11, 29, 47, 17, 35, 3, 21, 39, 9, 27, 45, 15, 33, 6, 24, 42, 12, 30, 48, 18, 36}. Repetition of the values in the frequency domain tends to generate a peak in the time domain, especially for very low data rates (i.e., for large repetition numbers). The large peak-to-average ratio (PAR) causes problems for the system, especially the transmit power amplifier. This problem can be ameliorated by scrambling or masking the values transmitted on different frequencies so that they are not all the same. As long as the masking scheme is known, the scrambling can be undone at the receiver. In one embodiment, the frequency-domain data is multiplied by the long symbol of 802.11a/g, which was carefully designed in terms of PAR. As can be seen in At the receiver, decoding includes: (1) mask removal, (2) deinterleaving, (3) data combining, (4) channel correction, (5) Viterbi decoding. It should be noted that in some embodiments, the order of the steps may be changed as is appropriate. In embodiments using frequency repetition, the transmitter preferably masks the frequency-domain signal to reduce the peak-to-average ratio (PAR) in the time-domain. The receiver removes the mask imposed by the transmitter. If, as in the example above, the mask used by the transmitter consists of +/−1 s, then the mask is removed by changing the signs of the FFT outputs in the receiver. After the mask is removed, the data is deinterleaved according to the interleaving pattern at the transmitter. The repeated signal is combined in the frequency domain at the receiver to increase the SNR of the repeated signal over the SNR had the signal not been repeated. The SNR is increased by multiplying the complex conjugate of the channel response as follows.
where Yj is the signal in subchannel j, Hj is the response of subchannel j, Yc is the combined signal, Hc is the combined channel, and Sc is the set of indices corresponding to the frequency subchannels that contain the same data. The channel effect is preferably removed before the data is input to the Viterbi decoder so that the Viterbi decoder is able to use the same soft decision unit regardless of the actual channel response. In the extended-range mode, the combined channel is used in the channel correction unit. The frequency-domain signals are weighted for calculating the path-metrics in the soft-decision Viterbi decoder, and the optimal weights are determined by the corresponding SNR. The resulting SNR for the combined signal becomes:
where Ex is the signal power, and σj 2 is the noise power for the subchannel j. The combined SNR is used to evaluate the Viterbi weights. The 802.11a/g standard specifies that there are four pilot signals included in each OFDM symbol for the purpose of estimating timing offset and frequency offset and tracking phase noise in 802.11a/g signals. The 802.11a/g system assumes that these 4 pilots are reliable enough to estimate the phase information. That assumption may not be true for a system with a very low SNR. The redundancy that exists in the frequency-domain signal is exploited to help the pilots to estimate and track phase. The phase information is estimated from the frequency domain data as follows: 1. The repeated signals are combined in the frequency domain to increase the SNR, with a channel estimate determined from a preamble sequence of long symbols and an estimated slope, which captures the effect of timing offset. 2. Hard decisions are made for each of the combined signals after removing the phase offset estimated from the previous symbol. 3. The combined signals are multiplied by their own hard decisions. The average of the hard-decision corrected signal is used to evaluate an angle to estimate the phase offset for the current symbol. A filter is applied to the estimated phase offset to reduce the effect of noise. In one embodiment, a nonlinear median filter is used. The nonlinear median filter effectively detects and corrects an abrupt change in the phase offset, which could be caused by hard decision errors. An encoding and decoding scheme for a wireless system has been disclosed. Preferably, repetition coding in the frequency domain is used. An interleaver that provides frequency diversity has been described. In various embodiments, the described techniques may be combined or used separately according to specific system requirements. Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail for purposes of clarity of understanding, it will be apparent that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the appended claims. It should be noted that there are many alternative ways of implementing both the process and apparatus of the present invention. Accordingly, the present embodiments are to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive, and the invention is not to be limited to the details given herein, but may be modified within the scope and equivalents of the appended claims. Patent Citations
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Cheap Conrad in and around Cairo
Popular Conrad in and around Cairo, Egypt
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text:
Ivan Slusar
HTML/CSS developer
I have good experience with slicing PSD to HTML/CSS 2.0 and CSS 3.0. I'm picky about details and always thrive to produce HTML exactly matching original design. I respect standards and produce valid and semantically logical HTML.
In last 2 years I have contributed to many projects from small one page sites to large Rails projects where I produced HAML templates and SASS stylesheets.
Ivan Slusar has added 5 portfolio pieces. Create an account to review them.
Work History & Feedback
HAML & SASS production from PSD files
6 hrs
@ $12.00/hr
Earned $72
No feedback given
Tests Taken
Name | Percentile Score |
CSS 2.0 Test |
74 |
HTML 4.01 Test |
83 |
XHTML 1.0 Test |
59 |
oDesk Readiness Test for Independent Contractors and Staffing Managers |
Passed |


text:
What does TNS mean in Physiology?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand TNS in the Medical field in general and in the Physiology terminology in particular.
Find a translation for TNS in other languages:
Select another language:
What does TNS mean?
- tension, tenseness, stress(noun)
- (psychology) a state of mental or emotional strain or suspense
Discuss this TNS abbreviation with the community:
Use the citation below to add this abbreviation to your bibliography:
"TNS." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 1 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/39154>.
TNS also stands for:
- Tactical Name Server
- Tactical Name Service
- Target Name Space
- Taylor Nelson Sofres
- Telephone Notification System
... and 14 more »


text:
PlantFiles: Magic Lily, Surprise Lily
Lycoris caldwellii
Family: Amaryllidaceae (am-uh-ril-id-AY-see-ee) (Info) Genus: Lycoris (LY-kor-iss) (Info) Species: caldwellii (cald-WEL-lee-eye) (Info) One vendor has this plant for sale. One member has or wants this plant for trade. Category: Height: Spacing: Hardiness: Sun Exposure: Danger: Bloom Color: Bloom Time: Foliage: Other details: Soil pH requirements: Patent Information: Propagation Methods: Seed Collecting: |
No positives
1 neutral
No negatives
Gardeners' Notes:


text:
Coach Stallings accepted the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge from Anna Cage, the wife of Director of Basketball Operations Dan Cage, and his assistant coach Adam Cohen, with the challenge coming to fruition on Tuesday at Memorial Gym with the help of his players and his entire staff.
Click here for the original story.
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