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"Live and Learn: Europe Semester Fall 2015"
Application deadline is now past.
LEADERS: Dr. Ken Kihlstrom, Professor of Physics and Dr. Randy VanderMey, Professor of English with Guest Instructor, Gabriel Fawcett, Oxford-educated historian, writer, and tour guide, and Dana VanderMey, R.N.
TENTATIVE ITINERARY: Scotland, England, Spain, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Austria, Czech Republic and Italy.
GE: II E Performing & Interpreting the Arts, II G Thinking Historically, II H Understanding Society; pending IIF Thinking Globally, III D 1 credit PE
QUESTIONS: firstname.lastname@example.com or email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.com
What is Europe Semester?
Westmont's Europe Semester Program has been going for over forty years since its beginning in 1969 with 10 students. Enthusiasm for the unique learning opportunities it affords has remained strong ever since. During its history, over 1500 students have completed the program.
Europe Semester couples intensive study with first-hand experience of the places and people that have shaped European history and cultures. You'll travel widely, read, research and write extensively, and learn from experts and everyday people from across Europe. Your courses will fulfill four Common Inquiries requirements from Westmont's General Education program, but your academic experience will be much more than meeting requirements. You will discover new perspectives, wrestle with challenging questions, and see abstract ideas embodied in real people's lives, all while being a part of a small, Christian learning community.
Your learning will begin well before we depart, as you equip yourself to get the most from your experience in Europe with summer readings, research, and essays. Once in Europe, our learning will take many forms: some scheduled, like traditional classroom lectures and discussions, site visits to museums and galleries, and cultural events such as concerts and plays; some unscheduled, like good conversations on long bus rides, one-on-one chats with a professor, and encounters with locals on a subway or in a coffee shop. In the end you'll find that learning permeates your whole experience--your classes, your worship, your play, and even mundane tasks like grocery shopping and laundry.
Europe Semester can be as challenging as it is rewarding. Travel is exciting, but can also be tedious. A close community is supportive in hard times, but can also test our patience. Study deepens our experience, but can also limit our freedom to see the sites. But these very challenges often bring the greatest growth--personally, intellectually, and spiritually. We hope you'll share these opportunities and challenges with us.
Europe Semester 2013 Program Description
Students on Europe Semester 2013 will cultivate the twin longings of the traveler: on the one hand to explore the new and unknown, and on the other hand to develop a sense of place, of familiarity, of knowing and being known. Four cities—Athens, Rome, Madrid, and Paris—will serve as our sojourning "hubs" where we will make a home for three to four weeks at a time. Our path will follow the historical trajectory of European social and political thought; our steps will take us from the Areopagus of St. Paul to the Sistine Chapel, from the plains of La Mancha to the Louvre. In Athens we will begin our journey through ancient thought with Plato and Aristotle, even as we engage contemporary Greek culture through a course on film. After a long travel weekend on the way to Rome, we will turn to the social thought of Augustine and Cicero, consider Christian pilgrim practices, and explore the creativity of Italian cinema. During the final week in Rome we will begin a three-week course focused on art and architecture that will carry us through Rome, Florence, and Madrid. After settling in Madrid we will resume our cultural engagement through film, explore the Jewish and Islamic social thought of medieval Spain, and continue to consider Christian pilgrimage in the context of the historic Camino de Santiago. After Madrid, students will make a pilgrimage of their own choosing and planning before we reunite in Paris for the final three weeks. Throughout the semester we will contrast being on the road with being planted, the past with the present, and the tourist with the pilgrim.
Athens (3 weeks); Rome (4 weeks); Florence (1 week); Madrid (4 weeks); Paris (3 weeks). Planned excursions include Corinth; Delphi; Venice; Naples; Toledo; Salamanca; Segovia; and London, among others.
2013 Courses
*** GE credit is pending and awaiting the approval of the GE Committee***
The Art of Italy and Spain (4 Units; fulfills the GE: Performing and Interpreting the Arts)
Instructor: John Carlander
This course will survey the Art of Italy and Spain firsthand. Emphases will be put upon the Art of Ancient Rome, Early Christian Art and then the Art of the Italian Renaissance. These periods will be studied in the classroom and then the major works will be studied in person. In Spain, the greatest artists of Spanish history will be surveyed, including El Greco, Velázquez , Goya and the 20th Century figures of Picasso, Dalí and Miró will be included. Hands-on studio projects will be introduced and museums including art from many great historical periods will be visited. In Rome sites will include the Colosseum, the Pantheon, the Forum, St. Peter's and the Vatican Museums. In Florence the Ufizzi and the Bargello will be a focus and in Madrid the great Prado Museum will be emphasized along with other museums.
European Culture in Film (4 Units; fulfills the GE: Understanding Society)
Instructor: Jesse Covington
This course will ask students to consider the political, religious, and popular culture of contemporary Europe through the powerful and evocative medium of visual narrative. With particular emphasis on films made in and by those who live in the cultural centers where we will live and study, students will be invited to see their new cultural context through the eyes of a native. Moreover, this course will draw students' minds and affections into the joys, questions, pains, and complexities of the diverse populations of each metropolitan center, helping them to engage those around them both critically and empathetically.
Introduction to Classical Social Thought (4 Units; fulfills the GE: Thinking Historically)
Instructor: Jesse Covington
Following the path of our travels through Athens, Rome, Madrid, and Paris, this course introduces students to the historical development of classical social and political theory. Readings and discussions will emphasize Plato and Aristotle while in Greece; Augustine and Cicero in Rome; Alfarabi, Maimonides and Averroes while in Madrid; and Thomas Aquinas in Paris. A central theme of the course will be the scope of what politics can accomplish--whether it can produce comprehensive human flourishing or only a more limited peace and compromise among those who disagree.
On the Road: Christian Pilgrimage (4 Units; fulfills the GE: Thinking Globally)
Instructor: Holly Covington
This course will look at the Christian practice of pilgrimage from theological, historical, and cultural perspectives and from the more personal point of view of the individual pilgrim. Together we will consider the various ways in which one can be fully engaged as a "resident alien." Centrally, the course will invite students to engage in Christian practices associated with pilgrimage, including contemplation, worship, and hospitality. Special attention will be given to the traditional pilgrimages to Rome and Santiago de Compostela, as we will set our feet along sections of those paths. We will compare Christian pilgrimage to that of other world religions, including Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca (Hajj), and functionally secular pilgrimage. There will also be a language component to this course, preparing students for basic daily communication with those along the road in four world languages.
Program Leaders
Jesse Covington, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Westmont. He has studied and lived abroad and teaches political theory and constitutional law. He is particularly interested in the intersection of religion and politics and the liberal arts in Christian contexts.
Holly Covington, MAR, ABJ, has studied and traveled extensively in Spain and has more than six years of experience as a Spanish language instructor. She earned her master's degree in Religion from Westminster Theological Seminary and has particular interests in language, liturgy, culture, and Christian practices.
John Carlander, MFA, taught studio art at Westmont for 30 years, and has taught art history courses at Westmont and elsewhere for 15 years. He has led seven tours of Rome and Florence for Westmont. Professor Carlander will be joining Europe Semester 2013 for a week each in Rome, Florence, and Madrid.
Europe Semester Program Objectives
For each participant, the Europe Semester faculty desire:
- An enlarged understanding and appreciation of the history and contemporary character of European culture and society, including the role of the Christian faith in Europe's past and present.
- An increased grasp of Europe's place in the world both historically and in the twenty-first century.
- An enhanced ability to acquire knowledge through observation and experience.
- A new empathy for the perspectives and perceptions of other peoples and cultures.
- An experience of the need for and process of creating a caring Christian community.
- A personal maturation in Christian graces such as loving, forgiving, communicating honestly,and experiencing Christian freedom responsibly.
Expenses and Payments
Westmont College attempts to secure reasonable group travel rates and adds these costs to regular campus charges to arrive at a final fee for Europe Semester. This final fee, in other words, is the sum of campus tuition, fees, and full room and board, plus a Europe Semester supplemental charge as yet to be determined.
Faculty leaders take into consideration all of the following:
- Class standing
- GPA (minimum 2.3 gpa for eligibility)
- How many Common Context courses you have completed (since these will provide an intellectual foundation to better understand and appreciate what is seen and learned experientially in Europe)
- Application essays
- Familiarity/proficiency with a foreign language
- Leadership experience
- Faculty and personal recommendations


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The Baskin Engineering Building is located in the North-West corner of UCSC, on Science Hill. Enter through the campus's West entrance, located at the intersection of Empire Grade Road and Heller Drive ("A"). Proceed along Heller Drive to the fifth stop sign, where you will see a large multi-story parking garage on your right side ("B"). This is the closest parking to Baskin Engineering.
You can also get door-to-door directions from Google Maps.
Within the parking structure, a permit is required to park in the reserved spaces. Visitors can get an A-level parking permit from kiosk at UCSC's main entrance at the intersection of Bay Drive and High Street. Limited metered spaces on the 2nd floor are provided for cars that do not have a parking permit. Permits are not required for parking after 8:30pm or any time Saturday or Sunday. Departments may arrange for guest parking in advance by contacting the Transportation and Parking Services (TAPS) Sales Office. TAPS also has a general information page.
Once you are parked, you should exit the parking garage on the East side, furthest away from where you entered the parking garage ("A") and turn Left on Steinhart Way. Cross over McLaughlin drive and proceed up the slight hill to Baskin Engineering ("B"). If your destination is Baskin Engineering, then you are looking for the large concrete building. If your destination is Engineering 2, then you are looking for the large glass building directly behind the concrete building.
A complete interactive UCSC campus map is available on the UCSC maps web site.


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By Ted Sillanpaa
Giants star Melky Cabrera denied Friday that he had tested positive for using a performance enhancing drug.
The report of the positive test and Cabrera's denial came first from Comcast Bay Area's Andrew Baggarly. He mentioned that Cabrera was tested last week, but said that neither Cabrera nor the MLB Players Association had any information regarding a positive drug test.
The rumor of the positive test came first on Twitter. It included that Cabrera was on the verge of being suspended before the Giants opened their three-game series with the Dodgers.
Before MLB does suspend a player, officials inform the player and get a B sample. There were specimen collectors at AT&T Park Friday night, but Cabrera was not among players tested.
Ted Sillanpaa covers sports for the Press Democrat. Email him at email@example.com. Follow him on Twitter @TedSillanpa.


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The Friends of the Indian Boundary Prairies
Category: OUTDOORS & PLAYLocated only 26 miles southwest of Chicago. Over 200 acres of pristine Illinois native prairie, much like the area was pre-settlement. Wildflowers, birds, butterflies abound! Prairie slide shows and tours available with advanced notice.
Location & Nearby Attractions
What's Nearby


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> technology |
Gateway has big plans for networked houses To consumers, Gateway is the company that makes the machines that come in the cow-colored boxes. To investors, Gateway is one of many PC makers threatened by slowing sales as computing moves off the desktop to other devices such as Web TVs, cellphones and personal digital assistants (PDAs). Not a problem, says Peter Ashkin, Gateway senior vice president and chief technology officer. While remaining committed to building boxes, the company recently signed a deal with America Online aimed at putting all manner of new appliances into "digital homes." But the deal is not about hardware, Ashkin says. By partnering with AOL, Gateway hopes to sell a range of integrated network services and content through its retail outlets (39 of which are in Asia) and the Web. During a recent stopover in Hong Kong, Ashkin spoke with Asiaweek's Jim Erickson: Is the PC dead? Not the last time I checked. The PC is going to be joined by a lot of new companions, wired and wireless, but it definitely isn't dead. In fact most estimates project sales will continue to grow. But to reach higher sales numbers don't they need to be made less complicated? Or are we going to see special-purpose PCs aimed at niche markets for people who like to do music on the Web or play games? I think it is the age of specialization. Technology will permit a large number of specialized devices that do a small number of things exceedingly well. The Palm is a perfect example. Its developers chose very religiously to have a simple operating system that just did a few things well at a very attractive price point. They sold loads of them. The same thing is going to happen in other areas, be it MP3 players, advanced PDAs, or other Internet devices. Yet Gateway is not moving as aggressively as other computer makers into the manufacture of digital appliances. Compaq, for example, is making an MP3 player. We offer to our customers pretty much the same set of products, although not necessarily under our brand. Rather than just make these products available, we package them around training, around ease-of-use, around integration with the PC. We have a product called Musicware that is special bundles we put together that include MP3 players along with software training. We've done the same thing with a package called Photoware for digital cameras. We want people to enjoy the experience, not be frustrated by it. How are you making the PC the center of the home network? Gateway and AOL are working on a number of Internet appliances that are really part of a bigger initiative centered around the digital home. Our Internet strategy is about content, services and end-to-end solutions. It isn't about pieces of hardware. Gateway, through our country stores, is really the best way to get the content and services into the marketplace. How will you make it easy to hook appliances together? For the U.S., we've chosen HPNA [Home Phoneline Networking Association] 2.0, which allows 10-megabit-per-second transmission through ordinary phone wiring. Basically any place you have a phone jack you can plug in an appliance and it is instantly networked. Will you be able to, say, plug in speakers and play songs from a PC in another room? Absolutely. Or you may see more conventional consumer appliances, such as stereo receivers, have a phone jack on the back so not only will they be able to receive information from a home server, they'll be able to send music out over HPNA to speakers and other remote devices. That's great in the U.S. There are phone jacks in every room. What about Asia? In Asia and in Europe, wireless will be the primary choice, although it is a much more expensive solution than HPNA. Clearly everyone would have wireless if everything were equal, but now the cost is not equal. What are the types of devices we'll be seeing later this year? We announced earlier this year that we are developing three products with AOL. One is a counter-top device with a flat-panel screen that will sit either on a counter or under a cabinet, perhaps in the kitchen. These devices will be able to deliver Internet access in a very simple way - the goal was no manuals. As a matter of fact the goal was just one button. You don't have to worry about dialing, making connections, because everything is built in. Next year you will see a wireless version of that from us. The third version is a low-cost, CRT-based model designed for applications such as the education market. How much will a wireless version cost? We really haven't released the price. Remember, these are not meant to be stand-alone. They will come bundled with a service package, just like your mobile phone or cable TV. For example, we might offer a service for $2.95 a month that automatically backs up valuable data, such as digital photographs, on a remote server, without any effort on the customer's part. You can see lots of similar applications that can be delivered over the Internet seamlessly. It is services and solutions you are providing, not devices. The trick is to create services that are accessible, compelling and interesting. Write to Asiaweek at firstname.lastname@example.com Quick Scroll: More stories from Asiaweek, TIME and CNN |


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A web log for all fans of Walt Disney, The Disney Company, and its many products. Using the theories behind Walt Disney's family oriented entertainment and education, this blog is intended to be a safe read for the whole family. Proud to be a part of Quality Will Out Omnimedia. The Disney Blog is not affiliated with The Walt Disney Company in any way. All Disney parks, attractions, lands, shows, event names, etc. are registered trademarks of The Walt Disney Company. The Disney Blog is affiliated with LaughingPlace.com, the number one Disney Fan site on the internet. Please see creative commons license at the bottom of this page for copyright information. All content on this website is my own and does not necessarily represent the views of my employer or anyone else on the planet. The Disney Blog is supported by advertising and some of the links on this site and in product reviews are revenue share affiliate ads. I also do accept product for review and to give away as prizes. However, I compose all my editorial separate from any decision regarding advertising or affiliate links. YMMV.
Tag Archives: nikki finke
Nikki Finke on Rich Ross' Ouster
Like everyone in Hollywood, Nikki Finke has her own agenda. But even so, her insight into why Rich Ross was pushed out of the Walt Disney Studios President role is worth reading. Finke lays a lot of the blame at … Continue reading
Posted in Corporate, Walt Disney Studios
Tagged Bob Iger, Burbank, dick cook, disney studios, hollywood, nikki finke, nikkster, rich ross, rumor, Walt Disney Studios
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text: What about those people who trust someone to make repairs on their cars, home, barns or other inanimate objects and a bum job is done on the repair. If you take them to small claims court the only thing the court can do if the defendant is found to be guilty is order him to make restitution. They can't make him pay back the money spent. What recourse do they have now? Frontier justice is all I see.


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I've stated before that no gov't can dramatically increase taxes on a nation in deep recession and think that recession won't get worse. If they do, it will...there's no way around it. It's impossible to take disposable income away from consumers who create/generate over 70% of GDP. We all know consumers just aren't spending, so increases in taxes significantly will decrease consumers spending even further. That's not a theory folks, it's basic math. So now they're thinking of taxing company cell phone use for private phone calls. That on TOP of the possibilty of taxing company paid health insurance. ALL OF WHICH ADDS UP TO ONLY ONE THING...A HUGE BROKEN PROMISE NOT TO INCREASE TAXES ON THOSE MAKING LESS THAN $250K. There is NOTHING worse a president can do than break a promise he made over & over again. "The use of company-issued mobile phones could trigger new federal income taxes on millions of Americans as a "fringe benefit." The Internal Revenue Service proposed employers assign 25% of an employee's annual phone expenses as a taxable benefit. Under that scenario, a worker in the 28% tax bracket, whose wireless device costs the company $1,500 a year, could see $105 in additional federal income tax." Tax Man's Target: The Mobile Phone - WSJ.com
They'll say this isn't a "new" tax or "additional" tax just a more correct definition of "taxable income". It's crap, of course, but the obamans are good at explaining things like this. You 'ain't seen nothing yet, though, if obamacare goes through and cap and tax gets done you'll be paying more through taxes and all your energy bills.
Well ... you could have joined me in that old birth certificate thread ... Had to get that in ... Seriously Hillary would have done the same. McCain would have been more restrained on the spending but would have added nothing on the international front. Perhaps, if we are still around we can get it right next election or Obama may start investigating the crap that is being pulled on him ... right on the prompter no less.
I'll admit I don't like a lot of what he's doing, but I also like some other things he is doing. I would rather not see our way of life totally change and have our culture like many European countries. LOL on the birth certificate thing...but I still think that was petty stuff. What isn't petty is breaking a big promise.
PR, I think this article sums up the problem fairly well : Kneale: Obama's 'Ridiculous' Promise - Economy * US * News * Story - CNBC.com This particular paragraph is shocking and should make everyone pause when thinking about what obamacare may actually end up costing : "The Cato Institute's Michael Tanner and Chris Edwards note that government always lowballs its spending estimates in this area. When Medicare was born in 1965, the forecast was for "Part A" spending of $9 billion by 1990—but it ended up at $67 billion. The Medicaid benefit to hospitals, added in 1987, was pegged at $100 million a year; by 1992 it was already at $11 billion."
Pay up, slim. There are some Flint, Michigan, hootches who need assistance. Flint Journal I saw women like this in the cities of Michigan, but now because of the magic of Section 8 they're coming to a neighborhood near you.
It's always easy to spend other people's money, ain't it? Plus, it makes some feel morally superior. A win-win for liberals, a lose-lose for society. Check out Calif. recently? The Problem With California.


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Aka "White Archer". French comics by Corteggiani & Mitton. One of my favorite cоmics hero from childhood.
Dejan Delic©2014, All Rights Reserved.
All the materials contained in my deviantART gallery may not be reproduced, copied, edited, published, transmitted or uploaded in any way without my written and expressed permission. All rights reserved.


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How sweet was this! Chris Brown didn't let a paparazzi chase which led to a car crash get in the way of his attending a performance at the Debbie Allen Dance Academy and then awarding 11 scholarships, instead of just five, to talented young people.
Chris Brown made news on Feb. 9 when he crashed his Porsche after being chased by paparazzi. But what very few people knew at that time was that he was on the way to the renowned Debbie Allen Dance Academy to award scholarships to five teenaged Dance Academy finalists, funded by Chris's Symphonic Love Scholars program.
Chris Brown Doubles His Philanthropic Generosity
Despite being involved in the crash, Chris arrived in "great spirits and focused on the kids and being there," according to an eyewitness at the event.
"He focused on being present and encouraging the kids. He's able to see their unique abilities," the eyewitness told HollywoodLife.com exclusively.
As it turned out, Chris was so impressed by a dance performance by all 11 finalists for his Symphonic Love Scholarships that he decided he didn't want to have to choose just five students.
"He saw how devastated the kids would be if they weren't chosen and he decided on the spot to more than double the scholarships to 11," the eyewitness reports. "The kids were so excited they were crying."
Now all 11 students who came from low-income families will be able to train six days a week (after school and on Saturdays) at the Debbie Allen Dance Academy (DADA) and be able to perform in the annual DADA concert and also be able to participate in various auditions.
Debbie Allen: Chris Brown 'Has Found A Purpose Beyond Stardom'
Chris established the Symphonic Love Foundation scholarships because "he understands the scholarships provide opportunities and he knows that dance can change people's lives — it can be transformative," Debbie Allen, the artistic director and founder of the Debbie Allen Dance Academy, told HollywoodLife.com exclusively.
"Chris understands that young people deserve the opportunity" to have artistic expression, explains Debbie Allen. "It's very sad that arts programs are one of the first things cut in most public schools in low-income neighborhoods."
Ms. Allen also pointed out that "Chris is taking the time to be physically present [at the Debbie Allen Dance Academy] and to develop a relationship with the kids."
"It's one thing to give a scholarship, but it's another to come in," Ms. Allen told HollywoodLife.com. "Chris has found a purpose beyond his own stardom with this."
She said that Chris was so inspired by watching the students who are between 15 and 18 perform, that he said he "felt like he needed to start stretching after he saw them."
He also told a whole group of about 60 students who attended the performance that he wants them in his next video, and he stayed and talked and took photos with the students.
Chris On The Teen Dancers: 'They Are All Beautiful'
Chris later said about awarding the DADA scholarships: "everyone has their own unique creativity. One way of being isn't better than another. I'm not judging the finalists, I'm here to inspire and motivate. I could see in their faces and in their energy that they have the drive and the dream. They are all beautiful."
Chris's visit to the Debbie Allen Dance Academy came after a couple of tough weeks for the singer. Aside from the car crash, he was also in court on Feb. 6 dealing with questions on his community service during probation and before that he was involved in a dispute with Frank Ocean on Jan. 27.
' This is the Real Chris Brown'
Nevertheless, he didn't let any of those concerns affect him when he was at the Dance Academy.
"He shakes it off when he's there with the kids and he keeps focusing on the positive and channeling it into creativity," reveals a source close to Brown. "Listen, it affects him. It hurts. He's a human being but when Chris more than doubles scholarships to deserving kids — that's absolutely the real Chris Brown. People who know him, know the creativity and generosity that comes from his heart."
Good for you, Chris!
And also good for you for participating on Saturday, Feb. 16, in NFL star Adrian Peterson's All Day Foundation event to support the Texas Council of Family Violence and Cornerstone Minneapolis.
To support All Day Foundation's programs and win a chance to meet Chris backstage at Adrian's NBA All Star Weekend, enter the raffle for $2 a ticket! Go to this link to enter.
We're glad to see you using your star power to make such a positive impact on the lives of young people, Chris! Don't you agree, HollywoodLifers?
– Bonnie Fuller
Follow Bonnie!
More Chris Brown News:
View Comment
Posted at 11:05 AM on February 16, 2013
Posted at 5:08 PM on February 15, 2013
Posted at 5:05 PM on February 15, 2013
Chris Brown should pose for playboy. He has it all. I dream about him every night. In my dreams he is my husband and I love him. I love him more than Rihanna and I can make him happy for the rest of his life. Have you seen his You tube Video I going to take you down? I love him.
Posted at 7:27 PM on February 14, 2013
Posted at 3:32 PM on February 14, 2013
Posted at 7:58 AM on February 14, 2013
Posted at 6:26 AM on February 14, 2013
Chris we love you! We loved you from day one when you appeared in the movie "This Christmas" You are a loving person with a big heart and a beautiful smile. You are always in a fun loving non-agressive mood. You are the greatest dancer in the world next to MJ. Your talent is enormous!
Posted at 7:30 PM on February 14, 2013
Posted at 11:49 PM on February 13, 2013
Posted at 7:15 PM on February 13, 2013
Chris is the best!! But I'm still waiting on what have rihanna done for charity and the community other than just give one time to her grandmother hospital from HER island…have she done anything for america? Where the american children have given so much to her? There's a lot of abused women and children out there she can help out wth…other than just being handson with chris's dick she can make use of her hands and money!!
Posted at 6:15 PM on February 18, 2013
Sudi mfua
Posted at 5:56 PM on February 13, 2013
U. Grant
Posted at 5:48 PM on February 13, 2013
Posted at 5:05 PM on February 13, 2013
I admire Chris Brown and his strength as he tries to still stand tall with the everyday haters. It has been a long time I have read such positive comments about him and not feeling annoyed about the constant lies and bashing about a young man who made a mistake and have been forgiven and loved by his beautiful "BFF". The Media and Blogs have an agenda to destroy him at all cost.. he was 18 and he pays dearly everyday. He needs to live and feel free just as any other young person who did something that they are not so proud of and I am certain their parents or family and friends still continue to love them with sincerity and guidance.Chris keeps giving from his heart but it's not reported..on;y the negative is seen and read!!!! DISGUSTING AND SICKENING!!!!!!
I always knew Chris had a heart! how many famous people in his status go beyond the call of duty! not many mabE a few maybe, that's a good human being!!! so quit !!THE NEGATIVITY ABOUT CHRIS IF YOUR A GOOD PERSON YOUR SELF EVERYONE IS ALLOWED A SECOND CHANCE! IT'S UNINVERSAL KNOW FROM THE SUPREME BEING YOU- FORGIVE AND I'LL FORGIVE YOU!
Chris John
Posted at 2:50 PM on February 13, 2013
Posted at 2:43 PM on February 13, 2013
Posted at 1:18 PM on February 13, 2013
There is so much this man has done positively that the media never highlights. There is so much negativity that is realistic to non believers and false to his supporters. He is a seriously giving and caring person and has donated millions and did many events of all types. These are the things that needs to be recognized but has been ignored on numerous occasions. The media has made him seem like an enemy when he is the total opposite and a beautiful person. This article is nice.
Posted at 11:33 AM on February 13, 2013
Janette M.
Posted at 9:50 AM on February 13, 2013
Finally something nice is being said about him. The media and people are so quick to judge him and don't see that he is doing better. He is human he made a huge mistake and he will pay and remember for the rest of his life. Instead of critizing him acknowledge the great things he does. He is not made of steel I'm sure all the negativity gets to him like it would any of us. Thank you for writing such a great story.
Heavens Height
Posted at 10:21 AM on February 13, 2013


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Mike Rogerson Estate Agents have been associated with the sales of all types of properties in Northumberland for over 16 years. We offer a comprehensive variety of properties located within North East / Northumberland served by our high profile networked offices.
Today we are Northumberland's leading independent Estate Agency with multiple computer linked branches serving the local area. We benefit from experienced staff in all our offices, which arguabley is our biggest asset.
6 Cheviot House, Manor Walks, Cramlington, NE23 6RT


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X You can search by multiple tags:
Type a tag word and hit "Tab" key to add tags in the search queue. Click "Search" button to see results.
In this video, Telerik Developer Support Specialist, Joshua Holt, will introduce you to the cool new features released in Q1 2010 for OpenAccess ORM, and JustCode.
Tags: ORM Whats-New Productivity Q1-2010 Send feedback Tweet


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Rail Transport
The Working Party on Rail Transport (SC.2) is an intergovernmental body which provides a pan-European forum for exchange of technical, legal and policy information and best practices in international rail transport.
The objective is to promote rail transport in UNECE member countries and to ensure its economic efficiency and environmental sustainability (more).
7 June 2013
The Report ad Hoc Workshop PPP Schemes Railways Financing is out, see the publications page.
8-9 November 2012
SC.2 adopted the Joint Declaration on the promotion of Euro Asian rail transport and activities towards unified railway law
8-9 November 2012
SC.2 decided the development of a master plan for high speed trains
7 November 2012
Ad Hoc Workshop on Public Private Partnerships Schemes and Railways Financing


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Polytechnic Colleges Punjab | 2015 | Institutes
Polytechnic Courses in Punjab these days is opted by most of the students. There are top Polytechnic Colleges in Punjab that provide the best courses. Click below on the names of each Polytechnic College to more about them.
Add comment
2012-06-14 16:30
Respected sir,I got 1500 rank in JET exam 2012. Please suggest me some of the best collages in punjab. I am from chandigarh
2012-06-14 04:50
i want to apply for the post of lecturer in a polytechnic college in EC department.please send me some notifications related to that job.....


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David's last stand? Not yet.
March, 23, 2010
Jordan Brenner and
Peter Keating | ESPN Insider
There are two Giant Killers lurking in the Sweet 16, and it wouldn't shock us to see either one pull off another upset. Of course, at this point in what has been an incredibly topsy-turvy NCAA tournament, it probably wouldn't shock anyone to see anything. But our model detects specific reasons why these deepest of dogs aren't just rapidly emerging as fan favorites, but as teams capable of living to fight another day. Here are our previews of upcoming GK action.


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Recent Articles by Annelise Fagan
Dragons drown in sea of red, white and blue
THE Sydney Roosters have pushed St George Illawarra Dragons further down the ladder with a 36-0 thrashing at WIN Jubilee Oval infront of 11,857 fans.
Canberra make it 10/10 at home
CANBERRA Raiders make it 10 straight wins at home with a 24-6 win over Penrith Panthers infront of 9,176 at Canberra Stadium.
Penalties and injuries weaken Wests
THE Brisbane Broncos have defeated the Wests Tigers in front of 11,547 fans at Campbelltown Sports Stadium. In a penalty ridden game, the Broncos won 20-10 with the Tigers losing three of their key players.
Eels claim inaugural Johnny Mannah Cup
THE Parramatta Eels have claimed the first annual Johnny Mannah Cup with a 13-6 win over the Cronulla Sharks infront of 11,063 supporters at Parramatta Stadium.
Knights get the choccies over Raiders on Easter Sunday
AN Adam Cuthbertson double guides the Newcastle Knights to a 28-12 home win over the Canberra Raiders in front of 18,689 fans at Hunter Stadium.
« Previous 1 2 3 Next »


text: Mark Hymers wrote: >OK. There's been no opposition. > >Compile times are going :-) > >Mark > According to my system, you posted the first message at 05:16 and this message at 15:00. 10 Hours. Please give us a chance to reply before implementing a policy. At least 24 hours. 48 hours would be better. I don't know where you are based, but I am in Texas and sometimes can't get to my system until late. -- Bruce


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** Cats. Toilet paper. Conflict. Shredding.
Tear all the toilet paper from the roll before an angry human intervenes and stops the fun.
Choose your shredding experience, different cats, different locations for a unique restroom CATastrophe.
* Over a dozen different cats, including the mighty Bengal tiger
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* Claw your way to gold – earn medals for your toilet shredding expertise! (Please be careful not to scratch your iphone).
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sour cream cornbread with aleppo
Despite living in New York City, a place where one could theoretically go to some fabulous new restaurant every night and not run out of places to eat for some time, we're not big new-hot-thing chasers. When we go out to eat, we want to experience new tastes but also disappear for a couple hours, not ooh and aah over the celebrity at the next table while feeling bad about our clothes. But. Every so often a restaurant gets talked up so much that we're unable to resist its magnetism and have to go as soon as humanly possible. This happened a few weekends ago and I'm so glad that it did.
Of course, the Red Rooster isn't just any old restaurant. First, it's neither below 14th Street or in Brooklyn, which alone makes it unlike the other 100 restaurants there's been buzz about in recent years. Mostly, though, the food tastes different. The chef, Marcus Samuelsson, was born in Ethiopia, raised in Sweden and moved to New York where he fell in love with soul food and manages to blend these influences together into food like we've never tasted before. I'll spare you the point-by-point on the menu, the web is full of gasping Yard Bird and Uptown Steak Frites reviews. I'll only admit that we ordered too much, which we always do when the menu looks so good it is impossible to make decisions. Also, there was cornbread.


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Dorothy Swan's Family Home PageUpdated September 5, 2000 |
Dorothy Swan
15705 Debba Drive
Austin, TX 78734
(512)266-2857 |
I am researching the following names:Nelson--in IL, MN, IA, Sweden. Wick/Wicke--in IL, Sweden. Zug/Zook in PA, KY, IN. Hayes/Hays in NC, IN. Ulrich Zug landed in Philadelphia on 27 Sep 1727. I believe John Hays immigrated about 1810. Charles Albert Nelson immigrated about 1864. Carrie Wick in 1892. |
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Scientists living under an oppressive regime decide to clinically study the founders and supporters of evil regimes to determine what common factor is at play in the rise and propagation of man's inhumanity to man.
I live in a Juniper and Pinion forest and the trees have taught me many things. There is magic in trees. They are portals into the realm of nature spirits and the underworld, etc. The ancient Druids and Pagans knew this and were famous for their groves which were used for divination and contact with other realities. Like magicians or shamans use fire or a smudge to put particulate into the air to give the spirits something with which to manifest themselves, trees can serve the same purpose. I have seen the Green Man and countless other spirits over the years and even some very dark entities that obviously came up from the underworld to test me, to see if they could scare me off. I managed to brass it out and now I know and am known by the trees.
A cryptic passage from the Bible talks about the battle of Ephraim wood. It lay on the east of Jordan, not far from Mahanaim, and was some part of the great forest of Gilead. The story can be found in 2 Samuel the 18th chapter.
The scene is King David is ousted in a family coup and flees with just a few thousand men, is attacked by a massive army and it doesn't look good, then the spirits intervene...
6 So the people went out into the field against Israel: and the battle was in the wood of Ephraim;
7 Where the people of Israel were slain before the servants of David, and there was there a great slaughter that day of twenty thousand men.
8 For the battle was there scattered over the face of all the country: and the wood devoured more people that day than the sword devoured.
Never give up, never surrender. Hold fast to what is right and true. Pray for protection and blessing in the struggle and look for a miracle.
"However, we do know that approximately one-half of the particles that we inhale during normal breathing are retained in our respiratory system and it has been shown that charged particles were more likely to be deposited in the lungs than uncharged particles."
Is very interesting, especially in regards to Gurdjieff calling air our 2nd being food.
There is a tree called the Quivering Aspen that I was introduced to when I lived in Michigan. Each leaf has a stem that is shaped in such a way to make the leaf twist back and forth when wind blows across it. I assume this might assist in transpiration. But it might also have an electrical function.
Any branching structure, as that of the tree and of most bushes and plants, and also seen in a different form as fur on animals and hair on people, could imply some sort of electrical function. Radio and TV antennas are mechanical analogs to this branched electrical structure. If you want to maximize signal strength for a given volume, then you need to maximize the number of antenna elements. And if you want to maximize bandwidth, then you need to provide a structure with elements of a variety of different lengths.
Some of the antenna arrays being developed (mostly for military use) actually have a leaf-like shape, and are often implemented in arrays containing hundreds of elements.


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What does WNW mean in Meteorology?
This page is about the meanings of the acronym/abbreviation/shorthand WNW in the Academic & Science field in general and in the Meteorology terminology in particular.
Find a translation for WNW in other languages:
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What does WNW mean?
- west northwest, WNW(noun)
- the compass point midway between west and northwest
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"WNW." Abbreviations.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2015. Web. 6 Mar. 2015. <http://www.abbreviations.com/term/246515>.
WNW also stands for:
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- Wilderness War
- Willems & van den Wildenberg
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Get Involved
Wild About Gardens is a joint initiative by the RHS and The Wildlife Trusts to encourage people to support local biodiversity in their gardens. In May 2013, the State of Nature report, compiled by 25 wildlife organisations, found that 60 percent of the 3,148 UK animal and plant species assessed have declined in the past 50 years for a range of reasons including loss of habitat. Many of our common garden species - hedgehogs, house sparrows, starlings and common frogs, for example – are becoming much less common. This is where gardeners can make a difference, by making their own gardens and the green spaces in their communities more wildlife friendly.
Find out what you can do in your own garden and download the Pollinators Protection Pack (8mB pdf)
Alternatively, organise or join a Wild About Gardens Week event.
Make sure you visit The RHS and The Wildlife Trusts on Facebook and follow #WildAboutGardens on Twitter throughout the week for regular tips on how you can make a difference this autumn. Also find tips and activity ideas on Pinterest. Have a question? Contact us on Facebook or Twitter and we'll do our best to help. From hedgehogs and butterflies to birds and bats; it's time to join forces and do something to help wildlife in your garden!
"We want this week to be not just about doing great things for nature but also about enjoying the wildlife that is already there. In between all the activities take a moment to listen to garden birdsong, marvel at how insects find our flowers or turn over a few stones to discover what lives beneath them. Everyone can experience that connection with nature and sharing it with others is the key to saving our wildlife from further neglect and decline."
Meadow brown butterfly on knapweed


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calligraphy Introductioncalligraphy (kəlĭgˈrəfē) [key] [Gr., = beautiful writing], skilled penmanship practiced as a fine art. See also inscription; paleography.Sections in this article:
The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: Language and Linguistics |
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Published 02/20/2014 12:00 AM
Updated February 20. 2014 10:19PM
New London High School retired Kris Dunn's #3 in a ceremony before Thursday night's game against Hamden.
Police say two children found at home of alleged New London drug dealer
Stonington lobster case ends in mistrial
Saudis' bold gambit to cut oil prices and thwart competition is paying off
Fitch High School students hold Black History Month 'die-in'
The ultimate teacher is back in the game
Hospitals balk at latest tax increase, other Malloy budget moves
Mohegans' first Arooga's franchise to open March 15
NFA girls win fourth straight ECC title
Community Supported Agriculture gets started in Waterford, Old Lyme, Ledyard, Salem
Icy man cave
Highlights: NFA wins fourth straight ECC championship
New London head coach Holly Misto
Full Game: NFA 44, New London 28 in ECC final
Live Lunch Break: Motion Radio
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Some GOP governors back Homeland Security showdown
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UPDATED: Defying GOP, Obama vetoes Keystone XL pipeline bill
Medical, Catholic groups oppose bill to allow suicide drug prescriptions


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
The Branch Davidian flag | |
Founder | |
Victor Houteff | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Davidian Seventh Day Adventists | |
Mount Carmel | Waco, Texas |
Scriptures | |
Isaiah 9:7, Ezekiel 9, Hosea 1-2, Micah 6:9, Micah 7:14, Matthew 20, Revelation 7:6, Revelation 13, Revelation 14 | |
The Shepherd's Rod |
The Branch Davidian flag | |
Founder | |
Victor Houteff | |
Regions with significant populations | |
Davidian Seventh Day Adventists | |
Mount Carmel | Waco, Texas |
Scriptures | |
Isaiah 9:7, Ezekiel 9, Hosea 1-2, Micah 6:9, Micah 7:14, Matthew 20, Revelation 7:6, Revelation 13, Revelation 14 | |
The Shepherd's Rod |
The Branch Davidians (also known as "The Branch") are a Protestant sect that originated in 1955 from a schism in the Davidian Seventh Day Adventists ("Davidians"), a reform movement that began within the Seventh-day Adventist Church ("Adventists") around 1930. The majority of those who accepted the reform message have been disfellowshipped[clarification needed] due to the Adventist church rejecting it. The Branch Davidians have many theological beliefs in common with Messianic Judaism [1]
From its inception in 1930, the reform movement inherited Adventism's apocalypticism, in that they believed themselves to be living in a time when Bible prophecies of a final divine judgment were coming to pass as a prelude to Christ's second coming. The name "Branch Davidian" is most widely known for the Waco Siege of 1993 on their property (known as the Mount Carmel Center) near Waco, Texas, by the ATF, FBI, and Texas National Guard, which resulted in the deaths of their leader, David Koresh, as well as 82 other Branch Davidians and four ATF agents.[2][3]
Contents |
In 1929 Victor Houteff, a Bulgarian immigrant and a Seventh-day Adventist Sabbath School teacher, claimed that he had a new message for the church. He presented this message in a book, The Shepherd's Rod: The 144,000—A Call for Reformation.[4] The Adventist leadership rejected Houteff's message as contrary to the Adventists' basic teachings and disfellowshipped (banished) Houteff and his followers.
In 1935 Houteff established his headquarters to the west of Waco, Texas. Until 1942, the movement was known as the Shepherd's Rod Seventh Day Adventists. When Houteff found it necessary to formally organize for legal purposes, he named the association the General Association of Davidian Seventh Day Adventists. The term Davidian reflects their belief in the restoration of the Davidic kingdom[5] in Israel before Christ's second coming (advent) in the clouds of heaven. Houteff directed Davidians to work exclusively for the reforming of Seventh-day Adventists, in preparation for a large influx of converts when the church was purified.
The Davidians believe that the president of the church must be endowed with the spirit of prophecy by which to bring increasing Biblical truth to the movement. Thus, in 1955, after Houteff's death, the Davidians split over who had the qualifications to lead the reform movement. This dispute brought about the General Association of Branch Davidian Seventh Day Adventists, headed initially by Benjamin L. Roden. The name Branch reflects their belief that Branch is Jesus' new name.[6] In the late 1960s, the group established its headquarters east of Waco, Texas, on the property previously occupied by the Davidians after they sold their property west of Waco in the early 1960s.
In 1958–59, The Branch became the first group of Christians to be granted landed immigrant status in Israel.[7] They received permission to settle three villages there, though they lost two of them because not enough Davidians came to inhabit the villages. Due to their efforts, along with those of others (mostly Jews), the remaining village, Amirim, became the first vegetarian village in Israel, and remains such today. Being strict vegetarians, they established The Branch Organic Agricultural Association, one of the first organizations to encourage organic gardening in Israel, which produces an abundance of crops for the area and for Europe.[citation needed]
At around the same time, Ben Roden called for the church to keep the Lord's Supper and all of the Biblical feast days. In 1976, he called for the General Conference of SDAs to keep the Lord's Supper daily, at the same times of worship that were designated in ancient Israel (the 3rd and 9th hours of the day). In 1981, Lois Roden, Ben's wife, called for all members of the Branch to keep the Lord's Supper daily at those same times.
Although under the leadership of Victor T. Houteff the reform movement strictly confined its work among SDAs, under Ben Roden the work was extended outside the mother church. Roden was especially vocal in his opposition to Sunday blue laws,[8][9][10][11][12] which Adventists identify as being an aspect of the "mark of the beast", as they support the concept of Saturday rather than Sunday worship.
In 1977, Ben Roden's wife, Lois, claimed to have a new message of her own, one element of which was the doctrine that the Holy Spirit is feminine in gender, causing much controversy in the group. That new message entitled her to a place in the leadership of the church, which her husband and others accepted. When Ben Roden died the next year, their son George tried to assume the leadership, claiming that he was the rightful prophet of the group. But Lois overcame his attempt, and a permanent injunction was issued against George, prohibiting him from attempting to act as president of the church.[13]
In 1979, Lois Roden began publishing Shekinah magazine, which was a "sounding board" in which she presented articles from people of many different Christian, Jewish, and other backgrounds exploring the issue of the femininity of the Holy Spirit, and women in the ministry of the church. During the next several years she was written about in national and international newspapers, was on radio talk shows, and appeared on TV discussing her message. She distributed her literature at many different large religious meetings, including those held in various places when Pope John Paul II came to America in 1979.
In late 1982, and early 1983, she won an award from Religion in Media, and from another international Christian group for her work and for her magazine. A couple of months later, the Administrative building at their church headquarters which contained their printing department was destroyed by fire. Vernon Howell (who changed his name to David Koresh in 1990) later admitted starting the fire. He said he did it because God had told him to do so, and that he was instructed to tell Lois that, "the LORD hath given a commandment concerning thee, that no more of thy name be sown." Nahum 1:14.
While the SDAs, the Davidians, and The Branch hold many fundamental beliefs in common with most Christian denominations, there are a few additional doctrines which give each of them their distinct identities and names. The ones which the SDAs, the Davidians, and the Branch groups hold in common are:
The doctrines that distinguish the Davidian[22] and Branch reform movements from the mainline SDAs are:
The doctrines that distinguish the Branch from the mainline SDAs and Davidians are:
This section has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.
In 1981 Vernon Wayne Howell (later renamed David Koresh) connected himself with the group after being disfellowshipped (excommunicated) from the SDA church in Tyler, Texas, for moral reasons. Shortly after that time he said that he had a new message for the church, but it was not received by anyone then. Rejected in his attempts to gain a following at that time, he came and went over the next year or so, only to return in early 1983, and then again in the fall of 1983 to try again. When there, he would offer Mrs. Roden his services in fixing cars and other mechanical problems, thereby gaining her trust.
Never at any time did he actually accept any of the basic moral teachings and practices of the Branch Davidian Seventh Day Adventists. The same type of things that caused him to be disfellowshipped from the SDA church would have disqualified him from membership in the Branch. The fact that he later had multiple "wives," used alcohol and flesh foods (and taught his followers to do so), dealt in firearms, and used various questionable techniques to compel the consciences of his followers and break down their physical and mental powers, further disqualified him from membership in the church and its leadership.[citation needed]
In September 1983 Lois Roden allowed Howell to teach his own message, opening the door for him to build a following before their split in early 1984. It is the church's practice to allow most anyone the freedom to present a study, so as not to stifle the spirit of investigation. There was a general meeting at Mount Carmel Center of many Branch Davidians in 1984 during Passover, and the end result was that the group split into a few factions, one of which was loyal to Howell. At this time George Roden forced Howell and his group, and some others, to leave the property. Shortly before that time Howell named his faction the "Davidian Branch Davidian Seventh-Day Adventist Association." Within about a year after leaving Mt. Carmel Center, Howell and his followers ended up in Palestine, Texas, which was his headquarters for the next couple of years. At Howell's command, his followers stopped distributing any of the Davidian and Branch literature after they joined him.[citation needed]
On March 28, 1985, Lois was in court again, enforcing the injunction against George. At that time she swore that she was the "President of the Branch Davidian Seventh-Day Adventist Association."[36][non-primary source needed] About 2½ months later, Vernon Howell was involved in a separate court case in which he swore that he was the "President of the Davidian Branch Davidian Seventh-Day Adventist Association",[37][non-primary source needed] and named nine of his followers who were members of the Branch before they left it to join his new faction under its new name. That case was initiated by George Roden. He was claiming that Vernon and numerous others were preventing him from being the President of the Branch church. Vernon's defense against George's complaint was that he was actually the President of a different association, i.e., the "Davidian Branch Davidian Seventh-Day Adventist Association."
While Howell and his followers claimed that Lois Roden had passed on, or had lost, her presidency to him, he never challenged her in court, nor did he attempt to exercise his purported right to the presidency and to the church's name and property until after she died in November, 1986. Though George had used his office of Trustee of the association to have Howell banned from the church's headquarters in 1984, Howell never used his alleged right to the leadership of the church to overturn George's action against him until after Lois died. Neither was he a party in the probate of Lois' estate in January 1987. Lois, as president of the church, held much of the church's property in her name in accordance with the church's Constitution and By-laws, yet Howell was not at the probate proceedings to protect the church's property, which he could have, and should have, done if he were her lawful successor. Instead, in the following summer Howell began to file numerous documents[38][non-primary source needed] in the County Records office, which he and his followers were to later use to exert their claim to the right to use the church's identity and property. In all of those documents he assumed the church's name, rather than using the new name of his distinct faction, which he dropped at around that time.[citation needed]
Many[who?] of those nine persons named in Howell's statement regarding his being president of an association ("Davidian Branch Davidian...") different from The Branch had been members of the church's Executive Council under Lois. But, it wasn't until after Lois died that they and Vernon used that fact to make it appear that they were still members of the association which Lois was president of in order to gain use of the church's identity and property, and to bring contempt charges against George, causing him to leave the church's property. Their names appeared on the original 1979 court order against George, so although they left the church under Lois to join with Howell, under the guise of still being members of the "Executive Council" they took legal actions against George after Lois died.[citation needed]
In early November, 1987, Vernon and seven of his followers made what the authorities[who?] described as a military style assault upon George in order to gain control of Mt. Carmel Center. It was reported that Vernon and his followers said that they were just trying to get some photographs of a dead body which George had dug up. They claimed that the District Attorney had requested that they get the pictures in order to prosecute George That claim is questionable, because the sheriffs were well aware that George had dug up the body, for they had investigated the matter nearly nine months before that time when it was reported to them by Doug Mitchell (one of Lois' remaining followers) during the time of the probate of Lois' estate.[39][non-primary source needed]
It was reported[according to whom?] that during their assault Vernon and his followers had more ammunition than "a Vietnam patrol." They had hidden out in the ruins of the Administration building that Vernon burned down in 1983 until the morning when they were discovered and a shootout started between them and George. It reportedly went on for around 45 minutes before the sheriffs arrived. The sheriffs were met by Perry Jones (Vernon's father-in-law) outside of Mt. Carmel who said that they were just trying to take some pictures of the deceased woman. Vernon and those with him were put in jail, awaiting their trial on attempted murder charges. Vernon was bailed out while the others remained in jail. One of the officers who testified at the trial said that it appeared to him that Vernon and his followers were attempting to use the sheriffs in order to gain control of Mt. Carmel Center.[citation needed]
While waiting for the trial, George was put in jail under contempt of court charges on March 21, 1988 because of his use of foul language in some court pleadings. The very next day, Perry Jones and a number of Vernon's other followers moved from their headquarters in Palestine, Texas to Mt. Carmel Center.[citation needed]
At the trial, Vernon's group came with their children and gained much sympathy from the jury. The jury acquitted Vernon's followers. There was a mistrial declared for Vernon, and the charges against him were later dropped. All of their guns were given back to them.[citation needed]
Mitchell, the last church member in Waco to work with Lois before she died, had left there a week or so before that shootout, so there were no members of the church under Lois Roden in Waco who could testify at the trial in 1988 as to what was going on, other than George. Therefore, neither the jury nor the general public knew that Howell's leadership was of a completely different nature than that of Victor Houteff, and that of Ben and Lois Roden, who were well respected in the Waco community, or that he was actually the leader of a different association under a different name.[citation needed]
This section does not cite any references or sources. (February 2012) |
Lois also faced discord from Canadian Charles Pace, who joined the church in the early 1970s, and who, in 1981, also said he had a special message for the church. After examining Pace's message, and finding some errors in it, Lois asked him to stop teaching it among them. When he refused to do so, she put him under a "censure," which meant that he could attend meetings of the church, but not teach at them. At the pivotal Passover, 1984 meeting, Pace presented his special message at a meeting held by George Roden. While Lois and others accepted the key point of Pace's teachings, the significant errors in it precluded Lois from publishing anything of his as he had presented it.
At the meeting, Pace announced that he believed that George was to be the next president of the church, and gave him around $14,000 so that he (Pace) could open a health center there. However, Lois had asked people to not give financial support to George, who was still under the court order that enjoined him from acting as the church's president; therefore, George had no authority to authorize Pace to open a health center. Shortly thereafter, Pace had a falling out with George, and he threw Pace off of the property.
After Lois' death in late 1986, Pace moved from Canada to Gadsen, Alabama, and set up his own faction which he at first named "The Living Waters Branch of Righteousness," then later changed the name to "The Branch, The Lord (YHVH) Our Righteousness." Though he claimed to be Lois' successor, he did not take part in the probate of Lois' estate, and thus allowed the church's property and identity to fall into the hands of George Roden, and then, eventually, Howell's.
In 1990, one of the first things Pace published under his new name was called It Is Finished. Shortly before Lois died in November, 1986, he declared that the church no longer needed to keep the daily hours of worship which Ben and Lois had labored hard to restore to the church. In that 1990 study he taught that it was an "abomination" to keep wine (grape juice) as an emblem of the Lord's Supper daily (as the Rodens had taught) because Jesus was no longer interceding for us, but only the Holy Ghost was.
In Lois' unattested will she named "Irmine Sampson, Teresa Moore, and the New York group" to lead out in republishing her and Ben's literature. Teresa took that to mean that she was anointed to be the next president of the church, though the others didn't assume the same about their being mentioned. Teresa attended the hearing on the probate of Lois' estate in early 1987, but not as a party to it. After the hearing she told Doug Mitchell (who was a party to the proceedings for the purpose of preserving the church's assets from abuse until the members could meet together) that it was her opinion that the church members should just let George Roden have control of Mt. Carmel Center and the other church assets. Therefore, she went back home and established her own faction, naming it The Lords of Sabbaoth, Our Righteous Branches, and abandoned the church's identity and property.
Amo Bishop became associated with George Roden in 1987, and later was married to him for a few months by "contract." George's mental condition was greatly deteriorating during that time, and not long afterwards he ended up in a mental institution until his death in 1998. Amo claims to represent the church, though she rejects many of the church's fundamental teachings. Even though she managed to get permission from George to represent his interests, he, not long afterwards, formally withdrew that permission. In spite of that, Amo continues to put herself forward as a member of the church with a right to speak and act for the church, even using George's last name (Roden). She then began publishing her own studies, which, according to Mitchell and others, greatly misrepresent the church's teachings. Some say that she is part of a group whose purpose is to disrupt and manipulate the church's image for nefarious reasons. They say that she has been taking advantage of the church's turmoil by repeatedly moving on to the church's property and passing out her literature under the supposed auspices of the church.
Doug Mitchell joined the movement in 1978, and worked closely with Lois until her death. He became a party in the probate proceedings of Lois' estate for the purpose of preserving the church's assets from abuse until the members could meet together, but to no avail as the judge wouldn't recognize that much of Lois' estate was things held in trust by her for the church, and appointed two of her other sons who were not active in the church as executors of her estate.
About six months before she died, Mitchell presented her with some "new light" he said he was receiving on the true nature of the Lord's Supper. That being, that in the early church that which is known as the Agape or Love Feast (the communal meal ) was the only Lord's Supper they practiced. Lois accepted that belief and practiced it with Mitchell when they met together, and even with Pace when they visited him shortly before she died.
By the time of the siege, Koresh had encouraged his followers to think of themselves as "students of the Seven Seals" rather than as "Branch Davidians." During the standoff one of his followers publicly announced that he wanted them to thereafter be identified by the name "Koreshians".[40]
This section may contain original research. (February 2012) |
This section needs additional citations for verification. (February 2012) |
Due to the secrecy under which Koresh operated, and because some of his original followers were using their former membership on the church's Executive Council to portray themselves as still a part of the Branch, those who never left the church under Lois Roden's leadership were not able to easily challenge Koresh's group until after their deeds and teachings were known publicly after the 1993 incident. The revelation of those things gave others the opportunity to dispute their hold on the Mount Carmel property and the church's identity. Within months Amo Bishop moved onto the land to begin a one-woman occupation.
After Koresh's death, most of his survivors and supporters recognized Clive Doyle as the spokesman of their organization. But, according to the church's Constitution and By-Laws, the Trustees of the church's property must be appointed to said positions by the president thereof, and Koresh had made no such appointments, nor did they even have a president since he died in 1993, and they announce publicly that they weren't expecting another one to come after him. This situation has existed until today. Therefore, in 1996, they filed a document in the County Records Office stating that they were reorganizing themselves outside of the parameters of the church's laws, and named 11 individuals as co-Trustees.
After the 1993 incident, some of Koresh's survivors filed a lawsuit in order to obtain their personal property that had been confiscated after the end of the standoff. In that suit they, almost incidentally, attempted to gain title to the church's property, Mt. Carmel Center. In 1996 the court ruled that the land belongs to the Branch Davidian Seventh Day Adventist Church, but refused to rule on who exactly constitutes "the church."
Therefore, in 1996, a number of Koresh's remaining followers filed an action to quiet title to the church's property under a claim of adverse possession. Adverse possession requires that the claimant file it against a party that holds title to the property. They filed that suit claiming to be the "Trustees" of the church, while contradictorily claiming that they possessed the property in adversity to the trustees of the church. The only defendants they named in the suit were George Roden, who was confined in a mental institution, and Amo Bishop. They also tried to conceal the fact that they were making a claim for the property by attempting to meet the public notification requirements by publishing their claim in the Waco Farm and Labor Journal that had only 1200 subscribers, and no general circulation at all.
Charles Pace and one of his followers joined the suit, alleging that they had rights to the property along with Koresh's followers because they had contributed to the church's "2nd tithe fund," which had been used to acquire and maintain the property. He was petitioning the court to have it recognize all of the different factions and set up a board with representatives of the various groups to work together to determine how the property would be used.
In 1998, Doug Mitchell, joined the case in opposition to all of the parties. He says that he told Pace that since he was not a follower of Koresh's, that he would not file against him if he would withdraw from the case. Pace then withdrew from the case, but then signed a document in which he stated that he was fully recognizing Koresh's follower's claim to the property, and joined with them in their opposition to Mitchell. Mitchell contends that when Koresh left Mount Carmel in 1984 and adopted the new name "Davidian Branch Davidian Seventh Day Adventist" for his group, they formally left the church, forfeiting their claim as true Branch Davidians. And even more so, considering that during the property trial Koresh's surviving followers formally reorganized themselves outside of, and with specific disregard for the church's governing laws. He says the same is true of Pace when he formed his own group under its new name(s) and began to teach doctrines that are in direct opposition to the fundamental Branch teachings. Teresa Moore chose not to be a party to the suit, but during the proceedings she linked up with Amo Bishop in opposition to Mitchell.
During the pre-trial proceedings, Mitchell's attempts to obtain an injunction against Koresh's remaining followers that would have prohibited them from using the church's name and property was dismissed for "lack of jurisdiction." Judge Alan Mayfield felt that the matter involved church issues which the court could not rightly consider. Mitchell asserts that none of the Judge's conclusions of law in his order were applicable to the case before him. He says that he was unable to appeal the judge's ruling at that time due to personal hardships and to harassment and violence he was subjected to by some of Koresh's followers and from Pace.
Koresh's survivors dropped their claim for adverse possession the day before the trial began, proceeding only on their claims of being the Trustees of the Church. Mitchell's claim to be the rightful Trustee of the church's property was not allowed to be heard by the jury when Koresh's followers' and Amo Roden's claims were considered, but he was allowed to defend himself against the others' claims. Even though Koresh's followers presented the numerous documents that they and Howell had filed in the County Records office in 1987 and later, in 2000 a jury ruled against them and Amo Roden.[41][42] However, they continued to use the property, along with Charles Pace.
Approximately fifty[43] to seventy[44] people attended the yearly memorial service on April 19, 2005. At that time, survivor Clive Doyle was living at the Mount Carmel Center with supporter Ron Goins, operating a small visitor museum as well as holding weekly Bible studies on the Sabbath. Charles Pace and his family also lived on the property and held worship services.
However, relations began to break down. In August, Pace held a baptism for his members at Mount Carmel, joined by Goins. This left Doyle as the only Koresh follower on the property, and he says he came under increasing pressure to convert or leave. In February, 2006, he decided to move into town, emptying the visitor museum as well.
This has left Pace's group in questionable control of Mount Carmel Center. Pace had opposed the planting of the grove of memorial trees calling it paganism, and his group has chopped down David Koresh's tree and smashed his plaque, to prevent it from being used for idolatry. They have also removed the plaques from the other trees, with plans to incorporate the stones into their own memorial to the dead. Pace, a naturopathic doctor, also plans to make a wellness center out of Doyle's repossessed house and a health food/herb shop out of the visitors' center. Meanwhile, Koresh's survivors nurse hopes of reclaiming the property.
In 2003, Mitchell set up a web site[45] on which he posted most all of the publications of Victor T. Houteff, Ben and Lois Roden, and his own new studies, including a detailed presentation of what he calls The Warfare of Vernon Howell (a.k.a. David Koresh) and others against the Branch Davidian Seventh Day Adventists,[46] in which he gives a detailed and documented overview of the controversy regarding the church and its adversaries. Mitchell says that numerous people who have examined his teachings and those of Koresh's and his followers, Charles Pace, and Teresa Moore, and have found their teachings to be divergent from the fundamental doctrines of the church, and have sided with him. He says that the matter is far from resolved, and that certain facts may soon come to light which will clear up the matter.
Coordinates: 31°35′46″N 96°59′17″W / 31.596089°N 96.98804°W


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Serving up all the latest food news, cool foodie products, gossip, and good deals that are fit to print!
Toronto Mayor Rob Ford Is In the News Again — for Buying a Hot Dog
We know Rob Ford is a fan of food, but perhaps his love extends to food critics as well. Canada's National Post reports that the Toronto Mayor and famed British food critic for The London Times Giles Coren headed to a hot dog stand along with a film crew. The two were mobbed by reporters and camera crews when Ford purchased a hot dog for Coren near City Hall.
Did look like a good hot dog, though, @gilescoren. Some great video here of you in the crush http://t.co/JkT7rmZNR0 pic.twitter.com/xZBXCNDHN0
James Martin (@ByJamesMartin) March 19, 2014
Coren was likely shooting for his U.S. TV Show, "Million Dollar Critic," which was picked up last fall, according to the Hollywood Reporter. It's slated to air sometime in 2014.
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According to S&P/Case-Shiller U.S. National Home Price Index, prices of single-family U.S. homes sold during the month of March rose two-tenths of a percent over February on a non-seasonally-adjusted basis, according to the latest S&P/Case Shiller report. Long-term data indicates that price gains are cooling off across the country.
An astonishingly tragic year for air travel in Southeast Asia turned worse Sunday when an AirAsia plane carrying 162 people disappeared over stormy Indonesian waters, with no word on its fate despite several hours of searching by air and sea. AirAsia Flight 8501 vanished in airspace possibly thick with dense storm clouds, strong winds and lightning on its way from Surabaya, Indonesia, to Singapore. Searchers had to fight against heavy rain. The Malaysia-based carrier's loss comes on top of the still-unexplained disappearance of Malaysia Airlines Flight 370 in March and the downing of Malaysia Airlines Flight 17 in July over Ukraine. At the Surabaya airport, shocked family members pored over the plane's manifest, crying and embracing when they learned the news. Nearly all the passengers and crew are Indonesians, who are frequent visitors to Singapore, particularly on holidays.
Actor Michelle Rodriguez challenged racial minorities in Hollywood to "develop their own mythology" and tell their own stories instead of recasting traditionally white characters as different races. In a video the "Fast and Furious" star posed on Facebook Saturday, she said, "It's not about taking Catwoman or Superman or Green Lantern or whatever these characters are and trying to make them fit to whatever cultural background you are."
Don't listen to the haters, Dakota Johnson: You made your famous mother proud. Amid mixed reviews for the "Fifty Shades" actor's appearance this weekend on "Saturday Night Live," her mother, Melanie Griffith, chimed in with her own parental take,"She killed it!!! Wow! I loved her poise, her comic timing, her grace, loved everything she did!!" Griffith and her ex-husband, Don Johnson, were in the audience for their daughter's monologue, which she used to riff on the film adaptation of E.L. James' hit erotic novel.
U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry will defend Israel at a U.N. human rights body on Monday as Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu prepares to criticize nuclear negotiations with Iran that the top diplomat is leading. Kerry landed in Geneva late on Sunday for up to three days of talks with Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif on a deal to restrain the Iranian nuclear program in exchange for easing sanctions on Tehran. Human Rights Council in part to defend Israel against what U.S.
Meryl Streep 's daughters Grace, Louisa and Mamie Gummer showcase chic looks in a new fashion campaign. The three beauties appear in a new ads for popular retailer H&M's sister brand, & Other Stories , which launched a U.S. online store last year. They showcase colorful styles from Clare Vivier's new Co-Lab collection, which features shoes, bags and accessories and will be made available for purchase on March 5. Viver said, "I was thrilled when &OS enlisted my friends and favorite sisters, Mamie, Grace and Louisa Gummer, to star in the campaign."
Sleeping With Sirens LIVE Concert
Steve Aoki
Foreigner - Feels Like the First Time - Live from NYCB Theatre at Westbury #YahooLive
Gilberto Santa Rosa - Apaga la Luz - Live from House of Blues Las Vegas #YahooLive
Big Sean - All Me - Live from House of Blues Sunset Strip #YahooLive
August Burns Red LIVE Concert
Stars Help John Oliver Make Infrastructure Maintenance Sexy
Katie Couric swigs whiskey with Larry David
Some Creature Comforts Are Back on 'The Walking Dead'
Cuban 5 ringleader Gerardo Hernandez: 'I was not spying on the U.S. government'
Kelly Clarkson Reveals First 'I Love You'
Larry David talks about love, his least favorite body part, and being on Broadway


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Social Media and Subpoenas: The Loophole That Puts Journalistic Sources at Risk. The Department of Justice issued Twitter a subpoena for access to the accounts of Julian Assange and several others in relation to its investigation of the whistle-blower organization, which released roughly 2,000 classified cables.
As a result of its current law enforcement guidelines, Twitter is going to divulge the information. The provision is fairly typical for technology startups to include in their policies as a way to protect themselves from getting involved in legal issues pertaining to the platform's users. With such a policy, Twitter is not held responsible, and in many ways it should not be. According to the media lawyers we interviewed, this kind of government request is not unique.
ECPA reform: Why digital due process matters. Yesterday, the Senate held a hearing on proposed updates to the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, the landmark 1986 legislation that governs the protections citizens have when they communicate using the Internet or cellphones.
Today, the House held a hearing on ECPA reform and the revolution in cloud computing. While the vagaries of online privacy and tech policy are far out in the geeky stratosphere, the matter before Congress should be earning more attention from citizens, media and technologists alike. "Just as the electric grid paved the way for industrial economy, cloud computing paves the way for a digital economy," testified David Shellhuse of Rackspace.
So to take it one step further: updates to the ECPA have the potential to improve the privacy protections for every connected citizen, cloud computing provider or government employee. Thoughts on the DOJ wikileaks/twitter court order. The world's media has jumped on the news that the US Department of Justice has sought, and obtained a court order seeking to compel Twitter to reveal account information associated with several of its users who are associated with Wikileaks.
Communications privacy law is exceedingly complex, and unfortunately, none of the legal experts who actually specialize in this area (people like Orin Kerr, Paul Ohm, Jennifer Granick and Kevin Bankston) have yet to chime in with their thoughts. As such, many commentators and journalists are completely botching their analysis of this interesting event. While I'm not a lawyer, the topic of government requests to Internet companies is the focus of my dissertation, so I'm going to try to provide a bit of useful analysis. However, as always, I'm not a lawyer, so take this with a grain of salt. Twitter, and Reacting to DOJ's Wikileaks Court Order. There's a hint of poetry in the fact that Birgitta Jónsdóttir needed only a tweet to let the world know instantly that the U.S.
Department of Justice was after her Twitter records. Jónsdóttir is both a member of Althingi, Iceland's parliament, and someone who helped Wikileaks get its secretly-aquired government documents up on the web and out into the world. Late Friday, Jónsdóttir tweeted the situation: "usa government wants to know about all my tweets and more since november 1st 2009" -- and Jónsdóttir later told Wired.com's Threat Level that Twitter had informed her of that United States District Court in Alexandria, Virginia, had issued a so-called 2703 (d) order [pdf], named for the relevant part of Section 18 of U.S.
US subpoenas Twitter for accounts of two Wikileaks volunteers. The U.S.
Justice Department has ordered Twitter to hand over data associated with multiple user accounts, in preparation for legal action related to Wikileaks. "There are many WikiLeaks supporters listed in the US Twitter subpoena," Wikileaks stated over Twitter tonight. UPDATE, 9:01pm PT: A copy of the order is here, and a copy of the court's unsealing order is here, via Salon's Glenn Greenwald. The order was signed by federal Magistrate Judge Theresa Buchanan, in the Eastern District of Virginia. US wants Twitter details of Wikileaks activists. 8 January 2011Last updated at 18:09 Wikileaks founder Julian Assange is currently fighting extradition from the UK to Sweden The US government has subpoenaed the social networking site Twitter for personal details of people connected to Wikileaks, court documents show.
U.S. Subpoenas Twitter Over WikiLeaks Supporters. Ministers must 'wise up not clam up' after WikiLeaks disclosures. Civil servants and ministers need to 'be more proactive' in releasing information, Christopher Graham said.
Photograph: Chris Young/PA The government should take the WikiLeaks revelations as a lesson that civil servants and ministers can no longer assume they operate in private, and "wise up" to a world where any official communication could be made public, according to the information commissioner. Christopher Graham, the independent freedom of information watchdog, told the Guardian that the website's disclosures had profoundly changed the relationship between state and public, in a way that could not be "un-invented".
But he warned against "clamming up," saying the only response was for ministers to be more open. Speaking after weeks of revelations from US embassy cables published by WikiLeaks, he said: "From the point of view of public scrutiny, the web and the internet has empowered citizens. U.S. Subpoenas Twitter Over WikiLeaks Supporters. What the Government Might Be After with Its Twitter Subpoena. After a member of Iceland's Parliament and former Wikileaks volunteer, Birgitta Jónsdóttir, revealed on Twitter yesterday that Twitter has been subpoenaed for details on her Twitter account, Glenn got a copy of the subpoena.
The subpoena was first submitted to Twitter on December 14, and asked for account information for six people as well as any account associated with Wikileaks, going back to November 1, 2009. Of particular note, they ask for: U.S. orders Twitter to hand over WikiLeaks records. U.S. Subpoenas Twitter Accounts of WikiLeaks Figures. The subpoena is the first public evidence of a criminal investigation, announced last month by Attorney General , that has been urged on by members of Congress of both parties but is fraught with legal and political difficulties for the Obama administration.
It was denounced by WikiLeaks, which has so far made public only about 1 percent of the quarter-million confidential diplomatic cables in its possession but has threatened to post them all on the Web if criminal charges are brought. Kettling Wikileaks. For current political commentary, see the daily political notes.
RMS' Bio | The GNU Project by Richard Stallman Note, a shortend version of this was previously published by the Guardian. Spanish Translation. Confirmed: #WikiLeaks demands Google and Facebook unseal US subpoenas (Guardian) US tells Twitter to hand over WikiLeaks supporter's messages. Birgitta Jonsdottir, the Icelandic MP and former WikiLeaks volunteer, who is now fighting a US justice department attempt to get hold of her private messages on Twitter Photograph: Halldor Kolbeins/AFP/Getty Images A member of parliament in Iceland who is also a former WikiLeaks volunteer says the US justice department has ordered Twitter to hand over her private messages.
Birgitta Jonsdottir, an MP for the Movement in Iceland, said last night on Twitter that the "USA government wants to know about all my tweets and more since november 1st 2009. WikiLeaks demands Google and Facebook unseal US subpoenas. WikiLeaks has demanded that Google and Facebook reveal the contents of any US subpoenas they may have received after it emerged that a court in Virginia had ordered Twitter to secretly hand over details of accounts on the micro-blogging site by five figures associated with the group, including Julian Assange. Amid strong evidence that a US grand jury has begun a wide-ranging trawl for details of what networks and accounts WikiLeaks used to communicate with Bradley Manning, the US serviceman accused of stealing hundreds of thousands of sensitive government cables, some of those named in the subpoena said they would fight disclosure. "Today, the existence of a secret US government grand jury espionage investigation into WikiLeaks was confirmed for the first time as a subpoena was brought into the public domain," WikiLeaks said in a statement.
Feds Subpoena Twitter Seeking Information on Ex-WikiLeaks Volunteer. The U.S. Justice Department has served Twitter with a subpoena seeking information on an Icelandic lawmaker who has worked with WikiLeaks and its founder Julian Assange, the lawmaker told Threat Level on Friday. "I got the letter from Twitter a couple of hours ago, saying I got 10 days to stop it," wrote Birgitta Jonsdottir, a member of Iceland's parliament, in an e-mail.
"Looking for legal ways to do it. Will be talking to lawyers from EFF tonight." EFF refers to the Electronic Frontier Foundation, a non-profit civil liberties group in the United States.


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ELI Professional Practice Seminar: The Supreme Court Revisits Chevron Deference to Agencies
September 10, 2013
ELI Professional Practice Seminar
This seminar offered practitioners the most current information on the way courts view federal agencies' decisions. Four subject matter experts—from EPA, private practice, and a leading NGO—provided a timely update covering the Chevron doctrine as it has been interpreted and applied by the Supreme Court in cases from the last term and by the D.C. Circuit.
Under Chevron, a federal agency is afforded deference by reviewing courts for its interpretation of a governing statute if Congress did not speak directly to the question at issue. Over the years, the Supreme Court has built significant case law further defining the contours of this doctrine, as well as augmenting it with both Auer and Skidmore deference.
In two recent cases, the Supreme Court revisited the rules of agency deference and set the stage for future litigation. In Decker v. Northwest Environmental Defense Center, No. 11-338 (March 20, 2013), Chief Justice Roberts clearly opened the door to a re-evaluation of the Auer doctrine, which provides deference to agency interpretation of its own rules. The concurring opinion by Justice Breyer in City of Arlington v. FCC, No. 11-1545 (May 20, 2013), will affect any case in which the agency's jurisdiction is at issue. Finally, the Court's decision in Christopher v. Smithkline Beecham Corp., 132 S.Ct. 2156 (2012), has left some to speculate that agencies can interpret broad and vague regulations with few restrictions.
Where do these recent developments leave the doctrine of agency discretion? What are the implications for environmental law in areas such as promulgation of EPA's greenhouse gas regulations or the cancellation of certain pesticides under FIFRA? How else might these rulings affect environmental regulation? Participants joined our expert panel to learn more about how this will affect their practice.
John Cruden, President, Environmental Law Institute (moderator)
Shannon S. Broome, Partner, Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP
Pamela Campos, Attorney, Environmental Defense Fund
Thomas A. Lorenzen, Partner, Dorsey & Whitney LLP
Marna McDermott, Associate Deputy General Counsel, EPA
Thomas Lorenzen presentation, Judicial Deference to Agency Interpretations of Statutes and Regulations: Recent Supreme Court Decisions
Marna McDermott presentation, Deference 101: Judicial Review of Agency Interpretations
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