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Investigating the electric power distribution system (EPDS) bus voltage in the presence of distributed generation (DG)
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
This paper investigates the Electric Power Distribution System (EPDS) bus voltage in the presence of Distributed Generation (DG). Distribution Company's (Discos) planner endeavor to develop new planning strategies for their network in order to serve ... Keywords: PSCAD, distributed generation, electric power distribution system, islanding, power quality, voltage stability
Hasham Khan; Mohammad Ahmad Choudhry; Tahir Mahmood; Aamir Hanif
Voltage Stability Analysis with High Distributed Generation (DG) Penetration.
E-Print Network (OSTI)
??Interest in Distributed Generation (DG) in power system networks has been growing rapidly. This increase can be explained by factors such as environmental concerns, the� (more)
Al-Abri, Rashid
The Value of Distributed Generation (DG) under Different Tariff Structures
Open Energy Info (EERE)
The Value of Distributed Generation (DG) under Different Tariff Structures The Value of Distributed Generation (DG) under Different Tariff Structures Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: The Value of Distributed Generation (DG) under Different Tariff Structures Focus Area: Renewable Energy Topics: Socio-Economic Website: eetd.lbl.gov/ea/emp/reports/60589.pdf Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/value-distributed-generation-dg-under Language: English Policies: "Regulations,Financial Incentives" is not in the list of possible values (Deployment Programs, Financial Incentives, Regulations) for this property. Regulations: Utility/Electricity Service Costs This report examines the standby tariff structures recently implemented in New York as a result of utilities feelings toward distributed generation
A policy letter. DG-GRID Improving distribution network regulation for enhancing the share of sustainable distributed generation in Europe
A policy letter. DG-GRID Improving distribution network regulation for enhancing the share-generation of electricity and heat (CHP). This drives the growth of distributed generation (DG) generators connected to the distribution network to significant levels. The DG-GRID project1 carried out by nine European universities
Distributed Generation as Combined Heat and Power (DG-CHP) (New...
Edit with form History Share this page on Facebook icon Twitter icon Distributed Generation as Combined Heat and Power (DG-CHP) (New York) This is the approved revision of...
Modeling, control, and power management of a power electrical system including two distributed generators based on fuel cell and supercapacitor
This paper focuses on Distributed Generator (DG) integration in Power Electrical System (PES) for dispersed nodes. The main objective of the DG use can be classified into two aspects: a load following service and ancillary service systems. In this study
Battery control strategy Diesel generator Fuel consumption Hybrid system
Standalone diesel generators (DGs) are widely utilized in remote areas in Indonesia. Some areas use microhydro (MH) systems with DGs backup. However, highly diesel fuel price makes such systems become uneconomical. This paper introduces hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/MH/DG/battery systems with a battery control strategy to minimize the diesel fuel consumption. The method is applied to control the state of charge (SOC) level of the battery based on its previous level and the demand load condition to optimize the DG operation. Simulation results show that operations of the hybrid PV/MH/DG/battery with the battery control strategy needs less fuel consumption than PV/MH/DG and MH/DG systems.
Ayong Hiendro; Yohannes M. Simanjuntak
Distribution System Design for Strategic Use of Distributed Generation
This project was undertaken to identify distribution system design characteristics that limit widespread distributed generation (DG) penetration in utility distribution systems and to suggest new system design paths that increase strategic use of DG by distribution system operators. This work in 2005 was the first phase (requirements definition) of a multi-year project in the EPRI Advanced Distribution Automation (ADA) program plan. The multi-year project calls for design, implementation, and testing of ...
Hybrid distributed generation for power distribution systems planning
This paper presents planning models for hybrid distributed generation systems, as well as the results corresponding to a distribution systems planning problem obtained using a new computational tool based on a Geographic Information System, GIS. This ... Keywords: distributed generation (DG), geographical information systems (GIS), hybrid power systems, optimal planning
I. J. Ram�rez-Rosado; P. J. Zorzano-Santamar�a; L. A. Fern�ndez-Jim�nez; E. Garc�a-Garrido; P. Lara-Santill�n; E. Zorzano-Alba; M. Mendoza-Villena
Distributed generation capabilities of the national energy modeling system
SciTech Connect
This report describes Berkeley Lab's exploration of how the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) models distributed generation (DG) and presents possible approaches for improving how DG is modeled. The on-site electric generation capability has been available since the AEO2000 version of NEMS. Berkeley Lab has previously completed research on distributed energy resources (DER) adoption at individual sites and has developed a DER Customer Adoption Model called DER-CAM. Given interest in this area, Berkeley Lab set out to understand how NEMS models small-scale on-site generation to assess how adequately DG is treated in NEMS, and to propose improvements or alternatives. The goal is to determine how well NEMS models the factors influencing DG adoption and to consider alternatives to the current approach. Most small-scale DG adoption takes place in the residential and commercial modules of NEMS. Investment in DG ultimately offsets purchases of electricity, which also eliminates the losses associated with transmission and distribution (T&D). If the DG technology that is chosen is photovoltaics (PV), NEMS assumes renewable energy consumption replaces the energy input to electric generators. If the DG technology is fuel consuming, consumption of fuel in the electric utility sector is replaced by residential or commercial fuel consumption. The waste heat generated from thermal technologies can be used to offset the water heating and space heating energy uses, but there is no thermally activated cooling capability. This study consists of a review of model documentation and a paper by EIA staff, a series of sensitivity runs performed by Berkeley Lab that exercise selected DG parameters in the AEO2002 version of NEMS, and a scoping effort of possible enhancements and alternatives to NEMS current DG capabilities. In general, the treatment of DG in NEMS is rudimentary. The penetration of DG is determined by an economic cash-flow analysis that determines adoption based on the n umber of years to a positive cash flow. Some important technologies, e.g. thermally activated cooling, are absent, and ceilings on DG adoption are determined by some what arbitrary caps on the number of buildings that can adopt DG. These caps are particularly severe for existing buildings, where the maximum penetration for any one technology is 0.25 percent. On the other hand, competition among technologies is not fully considered, and this may result in double-counting for certain applications. A series of sensitivity runs show greater penetration with net metering enhancements and aggressive tax credits and a more limited response to lowered DG technology costs. Discussion of alternatives to the current code is presented in Section 4. Alternatives or improvements to how DG is modeled in NEMS cover three basic areas: expanding on the existing total market for DG both by changing existing parameters in NEMS and by adding new capabilities, such as for missing technologies; enhancing the cash flow analysis but incorporating aspects of DG economics that are not currently represented, e.g. complex tariffs; and using an external geographic information system (GIS) driven analysis that can better and more intuitively identify niche markets.
LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi; Edwards, Jennifer L.; Marnay, Chris
Avoiding Distribution System Upgrade Costs Using Distributed Generation
PNNL, in cooperation with three utilities, developed a database and methodology to analyze and characterize the avoided costs of Distributed Generation (DG) deployment as an alternative to traditional distribution system investment. After applying a number of screening criteria to the initial set of 307 cases, eighteen were selected for detailed analysis. Alternative DG investment scenarios were developed for these cases to permit capital, operation, maintenance, and fuel costs to be identified and incorporated into the analysis. The �customer-owned� backup power generator option was also investigated. The results of the analysis of the 18 cases show that none yielded cost savings under the alternative DG scenarios. However, the DG alternative systems were configured using very restrictive assumptions concerning reliability, peak rating, engine types and acceptable fuel. In particular it was assumed that the DG alternative in each case must meet the reliability required of conventional distribution systems (99.91% reliability). The analysis was further constrained by a requirement that each substation meet the demands placed upon it by a one in three weather occurrence. To determine if, by relaxing these requirements, the DG alternative might be more viable, one project was re-examined. The 99.91% reliability factor was still assumed for normal operating conditions but redundancy required to maintain reliability was relaxed for the relatively few hours every three years where extreme weather caused load to exceed present substation capacity. This resulted in the deferment of capital investment until later years and reduced the number of engines required for the project. The cost of both the conventional and DG alternative also dropped because the centralized power generation, variable O&M, and DG fuels costs were calculated based on present load requirements in combination with long-term forecasts of load growth, as opposed to load requirements plus a buffer based on predictions of extraordinary weather conditions. Application of the relaxed set of assumptions reduced the total cost of the DG alternative by roughly 57 percent from $7.0 million to $3.0 million. The reduction, however, did not change the overall result of the analysis, as the cost of the conventional distribution system upgrade alternative remained lower at $1.7 million. This paper also explores the feasibility of using a system of backup generators to defer investment in distribution system infrastructure. Rather than expanding substation capacity at substations experiencing slow load growth rates, PNNL considered a scenario where diesel generators were installed on location at customers participating in a program designed to offer additional power security and reliability to the customer and connection to the grid. The backup generators, in turn, could be used to meet peak demand for a limited number of hours each year, thus deferring distribution system investment. Data from an existing program at one of the three participating utilities was used to quantify the costs associated with the backup generator scenario. The results of the �customer owned� backup power generator analysis showed that in all cases the nominal cost of the DG scenario is more than the nominal cost of the base-case conventional distribution system upgrade scenario. However, in two of the cases the total present value costs of the alternative backup generator scenarios were between 15 and 22% less than those for the conventional scenarios. Overall, the results of the study offer considerable encouragement that the use of DG systems can defer conventional distribution system upgrades under the right conditions and when the DG configurations are intelligently designed. Using existing customer-owned DG to defer distribution system upgrades appears to be an immediate commercially-viable opportunity.
Schienbein, Lawrence A.; Balducci, Patrick J.; Nguyen, Tony B.; Brown, Daryl R.; DeSteese, John G.; Speer, Gregory A.
Evaluating the Impact of Solar Generation on Balancing Requirements in Southern Nevada System
Abstract�In this paper, the impacts of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation on balancing requirements including regulation and load following in the Southern Nevada balancing area are analyzed. The methodology is based on the �swinging door� algorithm and a probability box method developed by PNNL. The regulation and load following signals are mimicking the system�s scheduling and real-time dispatch processes. Load, solar PV generation and distributed PV generation (DG) data are used in the simulation. Different levels of solar PV generation and DG penetration profiles are used in the study. Sensitivity of the regulation requirements with respect to real-time solar PV generation forecast errors is analyzed.
Ma, Jian; Lu, Shuai; Etingov, Pavel V.; Makarov, Yuri V.
GA based energy loss minimization approach for optimal sizing & placement of distributed generation
Distributed Generators (DG) provide the lowest cost solution to handle low voltage or overload problems. In conjunction with such problems, a technique of energy saving is introduced by placement of distributed generation (DG) in distribution systems. ... Keywords: Distributed generation (DG), energy saving, genetic algorithms (GA), optimal sizing and placement
Deependra Singh; Devender Singh; K. S. Verma
Unbalanced Load Flow for Weakly Meshed Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation
Distributed Generation (DG) can bring support to distribution system, meanwhile, it bring unbalancedness in power source, load and line. Traditional load flow algorithms are not applicable to the weakly meshed distribution system with DGs. First, this ... Keywords: weakly meshed distribution system, distributed generation, unbalanced load flow, sensitivity compensation
Shao-Qiang Hu; Sen-Mao Li
DG Whitefield Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
Sign Up Search Page Edit with form History Facebook icon Twitter icon DG Whitefield Biomass Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name DG Whitefield Biomass Facility Facility DG...
A reliability assessment methodology for distribution systems with distributed generation
Reliability assessment is of primary importance in designing and planning distribution systems that operate in an economic manner with minimal interruption of customer loads. With the advances in renewable energy sources, Distributed Generation (DG), is forecasted to increase in distribution networks. The study of reliability evaluation of such networks is a relatively new area. This research presents a new methodology that can be used to analyze the reliability of such distribution systems and can be applied in preliminary planning studies for such systems. The method uses a sequential Monte Carlo simulation of the distribution system�?s stochastic model to generate the operating behavior and combines that with a path augmenting Max flow algorithm to evaluate the load status for each state change of operation in the system. Overall system and load point reliability indices such as hourly loss of load, frequency of loss of load and expected energy unserved can be computed using this technique. On addition of DG in standby mode of operation at specific locations in the network, the reliability indices can be compared for different scenarios and strategies for placement of DG and their capacities can be determined using this methodology.
Duttagupta, Suchismita Sujaya
Impact of Air Quality Regulations on Distributed Generation
Relatively small projects for generating electrical power at or near the point of use--distributed generation (DG)--offer unique opportunities for enhancing the U.S. electric system. This report finds that current air quality regulatory practices are inappropriately inhibiting the development of DG through a failure to recognize the environmental benefits offered by DG or by imposing requirements designed for larger systems that are not appropriate to DG systems. The report recommends that air quality regulation be made more efficient and appropriate for DG by establishing national standards for DG equipment. This report also recommends that DG projects be evaluated on a''net'' emissions basis by being given credit for any emission sources that they displace. Air quality regulation should also recognize the benefits of combined heat and power (CHP).
Bluestein, J.; Horgan, S.; Eldridge, M. M.
Power Quality Impacts of Distributed Generation: Survey of Distributed Generation Technologies
With the advent of deregulation, distributed generation (DG) will play an increasing role in electric distribution systems. Various new types of DG technologies, such as microturbines and fuel cells, now are being developed in addition to the more traditional solar and wind power. A common belief among developers is that DG will improve the local power quality. This potential for better quality is cited as one of the attributes that add value to the installation of distributed generators. In some cases, ...
Integrated Distributed Generation and Energy Storage Concepts
Distributed generation (DG) can provide users with versatile and cost effective solutions for many of their energy requirements. However, as these devices have begun to proliferate, there have been a number of load and power system compatibility concerns that have been identified. To better understand and address DG product improvement opportunities, this report details the capabilities and limitations of existing DG applications from the perspective of critical load starting and power quality support. I...
Power Quality Impacts of Distributed Generation: Guidelines
With the advent of deregulation, distributed generation (DG) will play an increasing role in electric distribution systems. This report addresses the issue of integrating DG into the electric power system in a way that assures power quality in the grid and at end-use customer facilities.
Making the Most out of Distributed Generation without Endangering Normal Operation: A Model-Based Technical-Policy Approach.
??In this dissertation we introduce a model-based approach for efficiently locating and operating distributed generation (DG) without endangering stable system operation. The proposed approach supports� (more)
Nazari, Masoud Honarvar
Optimal study of distributed generation impact on electrical distribution networks using GA and generalized reduced gradient
This paper presents the effect of Distributed Generators (DG) existence in the electrical power distribution networks taking IEEE 14 and IEEE 30 bus test feeders as proposed systems. The analysis is done to examine the effect on the overall system losses ... Keywords: IEEE 14 bus system, IEEE 30 bus system and optimization, distributed generator (DG), generalized reduced gradient (GRG), genetic algorithms (GA)
Samuel Raafat Fahim; Walid Helmy; Hany M. Hasanien; M. A. L. Badr
Modern generator protection systems
The special problems of the protection of generating stations with large machines connected to large integrated networks are presented. The coordination between the protective relays and tripping functions and the reliability of the protection scheme are important considerations in modern plants. Primary and backup protective functions, the applications, and their divisions into fault detection and ''fault prevention'' categories are considered. Testing and maintenance of the generator protection system including automatic calibration testing equipment is also discussed. The concept of the generator protection as a completely coordinated system and its realization with solid state protective relays is also presented. 9 refs.
Pencinger, C.J.
Steam generator support system
A support system for connection to an outer surface of a J-shaped steam generator for use with a nuclear reactor or other liquid metal cooled power source. The J-shaped steam generator is mounted with the bent portion at the bottom. An arrangement of elongated rod members provides both horizontal and vertical support for the steam generator. The rod members are interconnected to the steam generator assembly and a support structure in a manner which provides for thermal distortion of the steam generator without the transfer of bending moments to the support structure and in a like manner substantially minimizes forces being transferred between the support structure and the steam generator as a result of seismic disturbances.
Moldenhauer, James E. (Simi Valley, CA)
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A support system for connection to an outer surface of a J-shaped steam generator for use with a nuclear reactor or other liquid metal cooled power source is disclosed. The J-shaped steam generator is mounted with the bent portion at the bottom. An arrangement of elongated rod members provides both horizontal and vertical support for the steam generator. The rod members are interconnected to the steam generator assembly and a support structure in a manner which provides for thermal distortion of the steam generator without the transfer of bending moments to the support structure and in a like manner substantially minimizes forces being transferred between the support structure and the steam generator as a result of seismic disturbances. 4 figs.
Moldenhauer, J.E.
Distributed Generation Heat Recovery
Economic and environmental drivers are promoting the adoption of combined heat and power (CHP) systems. Technology advances have produced new and improved distributed generation (DG) units that can be coupled with heat recovery hardware to create CHP systems. Performance characteristics vary considerably among DG options, and it is important to understand how these characteristics influence the selection of CHP systems that will meet both electric and thermal site loads.
Study on Simulation of Distribution Generation on PSCAD/EMTDC
With the application of renewable energy, Distribution Generation (DG) will play a more important role in power systems in the near future. This paper describes the methods of modeling and simulation about photovoltaic cell, fuel cell and small aero ... Keywords: DG, photovoltaic cell, fuel cell, small aero generator, PSCAD/EMTDC
Ke-Ping Zhu; Dao-Zhuo Jiang; Yang Zhou
Optimal Siting and Sizing of Solar Photovoltaic Distributed Generation to Minimize Loss, Present Value of Future Asset Upgrades and Peak Demand Costs on a Real Distribution Feeder.
??The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) in power distribution systems presents technical and economic benefits as well as integration challenges to utility engineers. Governments� (more)
Mukerji, Meghana
Emissions Benefits of Distributed Generation in the Texas Market
One potential benefit of distributed generation (DG) is a net reduction in air emissions. While DG will produce emissions, most notably carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides, the power it displaces might have produced more. This study used a system dispatch model developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory to simulate the 2012 Texas power market with and without DG. This study compares the reduction in system emissions to the emissions from the DG to determine the net savings. Some of the major findings are that 85% of the electricity displaced by DG during peak hours will be simple cycle natural gas, either steam or combustion turbine. Even with DG running as baseload, 57% of electricity displaced will be simple cycle natural gas. Despite the retirement of some gas-fired steam units and the construction of many new gas turbine and combined cycle units, the marginal emissions from the system remain quite high (1.4 lb NO{sub x}/MWh on peak and 1.1 lb NO{sub x}/MWh baseload) compared to projected DG emissions. Consequently, additions of DG capacity will reduce emissions in Texas from power generation in 2012. Using the DG exhaust heat for combined heat and power provides an even greater benefit, since it eliminates further boiler emissions while adding none over what would be produced while generating electricity. Further studies are warranted concerning the robustness of the result with changes in fuel prices, demands, and mixes of power generating technology.
Hadley, SW
Modelling Versions in Collaborative Work School of Computing, Staffordshire University, Stafford ST18 0DG, UK.
, Stafford ST18 0DG, UK. Email: email@example.com Tom Rodden and Ian Sommerville Cooperative Systems
Dix, Alan
Power Quality Impacts of Distributed Generation
Distribution systems are designed for one-way power flow and can accommodate only a limited amount of distributed generation (DG) without alterations. This project focused on the economics associated with upgrading and designing distribution systems to support widespread integration of distributed resources, especially distributed generation. Costs were determined in the area of protection requirements and voltage regulation requirements, two of the main areas where changes are required to accommodate DG.
DG Energy Solutions | Open Energy Information
92101 Product Develops owns and operates industrial, commercial and institutional cogeneration plants from 2-50MW. References DG Energy Solutions1 LinkedIn Connections...
Distributed Generation: Challenges and Opportunities, 7. edition
The report is a comprehensive study of the Distributed Generation (DG) industry. The report takes a wide-ranging look at the current and future state of DG and both individually and collectively addresses the technologies of Microturbines, Reciprocating Engines, Stirling Engines, Fuel Cells, Photovoltaics, Concentrating Solar, Wind, and Microgrids. Topics covered include: the key technologies being used or planned for DG; the uses of DG from utility, energy service provider, and customer viewpoints; the economics of DG; the benefits of DG from multiple perspectives; the barriers that exist to implementing DG; the government programs supporting the DG industry; and, an analysis of DG interconnection and net metering rules.
Distributed Generation with Heat Recovery and Storage
L ABORATORY Distributed Generation with Heat Recovery andequal opportunity employer. Distributed Generation with Heatenergy resources (DER), distributed generation (DG), and
Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan M.; Zhou, Nan
MHD Generating system
According to the present invention, coal combustion gas is the primary working fluid and copper or a copper alloy is the electrodynamic fluid in the MHD generator, thereby eliminating the heat exchangers between the combustor and the liquid-metal MHD working fluids, allowing the use of a conventional coalfired steam bottoming plant, and making the plant simpler, more efficient and cheaper. In operation, the gas and liquid are combined in a mixer and the resulting two-phase mixture enters the MHD generator. The MHD generator acts as a turbine and electric generator in one unit wherein the gas expands, drives the liquid across the magnetic field and thus generates electrical power. The gas and liquid are separated, and the available energy in the gas is recovered before the gas is exhausted to the atmosphere. Where the combustion gas contains sulfur, oxygen is bubbled through a side loop to remove sulfur therefrom as a concentrated stream of sulfur dioxide. The combustor is operated substoichiometrically to control the oxide level in the copper.
Petrick, Michael (Joliet, IL); Pierson, Edward S. (Chicago, IL); Schreiner, Felix (Mokena, IL)
Next generation CAT system
Two novel techniques for future CAT system are presented. Transmission descattering is a singleshot method to differentiate unscattered and scattered components of light transmission through a scattering material. ...
Kim, Jaewon, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Comparison of large central and small decentralized power generation in India
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
This reports evaluates two options for providing reliable power to rural areas in India. The benefits and costs are compared for biomass based distributed generation (DG) systems versus a 1200-MW central grid coal-fired power plant. The biomass based DG systems are examined both as alternatives to grid extension and as supplements to central grid power. The benefits are divided into three categories: those associated with providing reliable power from any source, those associated specifically with biomass based DG technology, and benefits of a central grid coal plant. The report compares the estimated delivered costs of electricity from the DG systems to those of the central plant. The analysis includes estimates for a central grid coal plant and four potential DG system technologies: Stirling engines, direct-fired combustion turbines, fuel cells, and biomass integrated gasification combined cycles. The report also discusses issues affecting India`s rural electricity demand, including economic development, power reliability, and environmental concerns. The results of the costs of electricity comparison between the biomass DG systems and the coal-fired central grid station demonstrated that the DG technologies may be able to produce very competitively priced electricity by the start of the next century. The use of DG technology may provide a practical means of addressing many rural electricity issues that India will face in the future. Biomass DG technologies in particular offer unique advantages for the environment and for economic development that will make them especially attractive. 58 refs., 31 figs.
System Demonstration Multilingual Weather Forecast Generation System
System Demonstration Multilingual Weather Forecast Generation System Tianfang Yao DongmoZhang Qian (Multilingual Weather Forecasts Assistant) system will be demonstrated. It is developed to generate the multilingual text of the weather forecasts automatically. The raw data from the weather observation can be used
Installation, Operation, and Maintenance Costs for Distributed Generation Technologies
Distributed generation (DG) is a broad term that encompasses both mature and emerging onsite power generation technologies with power output as small as 1 kW and as large as 20 MW. While the equipment or purchase cost of a DG system is very important, installation, operation, and maintenance (IOM) costs also are significant and often overlooked. This report reviews IOM costs for both mature and emerging DG technologies. Some equipment cost data is included for reference, but is not the focus of this repo...
Impact of Renewable Distributed Generation on Power Systems M. Begovi, A. Pregelj, A. Rohatgi D. Novosel
, improve the voltage profile across the feeder, may reduce the loading level of branches and substation the effect of DG penetration on the actual load demand and voltage profile of the distribution feeder. However, DG systems inherently provide some benefits to the utility. They may level the load curve
A review of agent-based models for forecasting the deployment of distributed generation in energy systems
Agent-based models are seeing increasing use in the study of distributed generation (DG) deployment. Researchers and decision makers involved in the implementation of DG have been lacking a concise overview of why they should consider using agent-based ... Keywords: agent-based modeling, consumer behavior, distributed generation, energy forecasting, product deployment
Jason G. Veneman; M. A. Oey; L. J. Kortmann; F. M. Brazier; L. J. de Vries
On-Site Generation Simulation with EnergyPlus for CommercialBuildings
Building energy simulation software (e.g., EnergyPlus) is apowerful tool used widely by designers and researchers. However, currentsoftware is limited in modeling distributed generation (DG), including DGwith heat recovery applied to building end-use, i.e., combined heat andpower (CHP). Concurrently, DG investment and dispatch optimizationsoftware has been developed, yet has not been linked to a building energysimulation program for accurate assessment of DG designs, particularlyunder uncertainty in future end-use loads and equipment availability. CHPis a proven approach to cost effective reductions in primary fuelconsumption and CO2 emissions. Integrating DG system design and controlsinto building energy simulation is an important step towards popular DGacceptance. We propose to extend the existing building energy simulationprogram, EnergyPlus (E+), to enable the simulation of various DG modulesand associated control strategies in order to achieve more accurate andholistic analysis of DG technologies. Extension of EnergyPlus isconveniently facilitated by SPARK, a program capable of modeling buildingequipment and controls as individual modules. These modules can beautomatically integrated with EnergyPlus building models. Candidate DGsystems can be selected from the DG investment optimization program,Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM). Thedispatch of the modeled DG system can be determined by a novel dispatchoptimization algorithm, the Energy Manager, that accounts for uncertaintyin future load and DG availability, as well as curtailment options. DGequipment and controls can modeled in SPARK and integrated intoEnergyPlus building models. The way to this holistic approach will bedescribed in this paper.
Stadler, Michael; Firestone, Ryan; Curtil, Dimitri; Marnay, Chris
The Value of Distributed Generation under Different TariffStructures
Distributed generation (DG) may play a key role in a modern energy system because it can improve energy efficiency. Reductions in the energy bill, and therefore DG attractiveness, depend on the electricity tariff structure; a system created before widespread adoption of distributed generation. Tariffs have been designed to recover costs equitably amongst customers with similar consumption patterns. Recently, electric utilities began to question the equity of this electricity pricing structure for standby service. In particular, the utilities do not feel that DG customers are paying their fair share of transmission and distribution costs - traditionally recovered through a volumetric($/kWh) mechanism - under existing tariff structures. In response, new tariff structures with higher fixed costs for DG have been implemented in New York and in California. This work analyzes the effects of different electricity tariff structures on DG adoption. First, the effects of the new standby tariffs in New York are analyzed in different regions. Next generalized tariffs are constructed, and the sensitivity to varying levels of the volumetric and the demand ($/kW, i.e. maximum rate) charge component are analyzed on New York's standard and standby tariff as well as California's standby tariff. As expected, DG profitability is reduced with standby tariffs, but often marginally. The new standby structures tend to promote smaller base load systems. The amount of time-of-day variability of volumetric pricing seems to have little effect on DG economics.
Firestone, Ryan; Magnus Maribu, Karl; Marnay, Chris
Project factsheet for EC DG RTD brochure
The European Commission DG Research brochure contains project factsheets for FP7 funded Integrated Activities projects. Each factsheet is one page (recto-verso) detailing the general aims and scope of the project. The factsheets are directed at the general public.
Koutchouk, J P
EPRI First-Generation Advanced Radial Feeder for the Distribution System of the Future
This report describes a design for integrating distributed generation (DG) on a radial feeder, amounting to 75% of the feeder's peak load. A standard IEEE radial test feeder was used for the study, which was conducted using software tools readily available to utilities. Distributed Network Protocol (DNP3) to IEC 61850 mappings were developed to enable adaptive voltage control on the feeder. This type of automation to enable the strategic use of DG has not been implemented before.
Onsite Distributed Generation Systems For Laboratories, Laboratories for the 21st Century: Best Practices (Brochure)
This guide provides general information on implementing onsite distributed generation systems in laboratory environments. Specific technology applications, general performance information, and cost data are provided to educate and encourage laboratory energy managers to consider onsite power generation or combined heat and power (CHP) systems for their facilities. After conducting an initial screening, energy managers are encouraged to conduct a detailed feasibility study with actual cost and performance data for technologies that look promising. Onsite distributed generation systems are small, modular, decentralized, grid-connected, or off-grid energy systems. These systems are located at or near the place where the energy is used. These systems are also known as distributed energy or distributed power systems. DG technologies are generally considered those that produce less than 20 megawatts (MW) of power. A number of technologies can be applied as effective onsite DG systems, including: (1) Diesel, natural gas, and dual-fuel reciprocating engines; (2) Combustion turbines and steam turbines; (3) Fuel cells; (4) Biomass heating; (5) Biomass combined heat and power; (6) Photovoltaics; and (7) Wind turbines. These systems can provide a number of potential benefits to an individual laboratory facility or campus, including: (1) High-quality, reliable, and potentially dispatchable power; (2) Low-cost energy and long-term utility cost assurance, especially where electricity and/or fuel costs are high; (3) Significantly reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Typical CHP plants reduce onsite GHG by 40 to 60 percent; (4) Peak demand shaving where demand costs are high; (5) CHP where thermal energy can be used in addition to electricity; (6) The ability to meet standby power needs, especially where utility-supplied power is interrupted frequently or for long periods and where standby power is required for safety or emergencies; and (7) Use for standalone or off-grid systems where extending the grid is too expensive or impractical. Because they are installed close to the load, DG systems avoid some of the disadvantages of large, central power plants, such as transmission and distribution losses over long electric lines.
Not Available
Rolls-Royce has completed a preliminary design and marketing study under a Department of Energy (DOE) cost shared contract (DE-AC26-00NT40852) to analyze the feasibility of developing a clean, high efficiency, and flexible Next Generation Turbine (NGT) system to meet the power generation market needs of the year 2007 and beyond. Rolls-Royce evaluated the full range of its most advanced commercial aerospace and aeroderivative engines alongside the special technologies necessary to achieve the aggressive efficiency, performance, emissions, economic, and flexibility targets desired by the DOE. Heavy emphasis was placed on evaluating the technical risks and the economic viability of various concept and technology options available. This was necessary to ensure the resulting advanced NGT system would provide extensive public benefits and significant customer benefits without introducing unacceptable levels of technical and operational risk that would impair the market acceptance of the resulting product. Two advanced cycle configurations were identified as offering significant advantages over current combined cycle products available in the market. In addition, balance of plant (BOP) technologies, as well as capabilities to improve the reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) of industrial gas turbine engines, have been identified. A customer focused survey and economic analysis of a proposed Rolls-Royce NGT product configuration was also accomplished as a part of this research study. The proposed Rolls-Royce NGT solution could offer customers clean, flexible power generation systems with very high efficiencies, similar to combined cycle plants, but at a much lower specific cost, similar to those of simple cycle plants.
Frank Macri
Solar energy power generation system
A solar energy power generation system is described which consists of: (a) means for collecting and concentrating solar energy; (b) heat storage means; (c) Stirling engine means for producing power; (d) first heat transfer means for receiving the concentrated solar energy and for transferring heat to the heat storage means; and (e) second heat transfer means for controllably transferring heat from the storage means to the Stirling engine means and including a discharge heat pipe means for transferring heat to the Stirling engine means and further including means for inserting and withdrawing the discharge heat pipe means into and out of the heat storage means.
Nilsson, J.E.; Cochran, C.D.
2020. This penetration constraint applied to potential DG purchases as retrofits to the existing housing
Modeling and Optimization of Commercial Buildings and Stationary Fuel Cell Systems (Presentation)
This presentation describes the Distributed Generation Building Energy Assessment Tool (DG-BEAT) developed by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the University of California Irvine. DG-BEAT is designed to allow stakeholders to assess the economics of installing stationary fuel cell systems in a variety of building types in the United States.
Ainscough, C.; McLarty, D.; Sullivan, R.; Brouwer, J.
Heat engine generator control system
An electrical power generation system includes a heat engine having an output member operatively coupled to the rotor of a dynamoelectric machine. System output power is controlled by varying an electrical parameter of the dynamoelectric machine. A power request signal is related to an engine speed and the electrical parameter is varied in accordance with a speed control loop. Initially, the sense of change in the electrical parameter in response to a change in the power request signal is opposite that required to effectuate a steady state output power consistent with the power request signal. Thereafter, the electrical parameter is varied to converge the output member speed to the speed known to be associated with the desired electrical output power.
Rajashekara, Kaushik (Carmel, IN); Gorti, Bhanuprasad Venkata (Towson, MD); McMullen, Steven Robert (Anderson, IN); Raibert, Robert Joseph (Fishers, IN)
An electrical power generation system includes a heat engine having an output member operatively coupled to the rotor of a dynamoelectric machine. System output power is controlled by varying an electrical parameter of the dynamoelectric machine. A power request signal is related to an engine speed and the electrical parameter is varied in accordance with a speed control loop. Initially, the sense of change in the electrical parameter in response to a change in the power request signal is opposite that required to effectuate a steady state output power consistent with the power request signal. Thereafter, the electrical parameter is varied to converge the output member speed to the speed known to be associated with the desired electrical output power. 8 figs.
Rajashekara, K.; Gorti, B.V.; McMullen, S.R.; Raibert, R.J.
Turbine-Generator Auxilary Systems, Volume 3
The updated Turbine-Generator Auxiliary Systems, Volume 3: Generator Hydrogen System Maintenance Guide provides nuclear and fossil plant personnel with operation and maintenance guidance on the generator hydrogen system.BackgroundInput from member utilities of EPRI Program 65 as well as the Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) have indicated that maintenance guides are needed for turbine-generator auxiliary systems. The first auxiliary system ...
Technetium-99m generator system
A {sup 99}Mo/{sup 99m}Tc generator system includes a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing {sup 99}Mo. The sorbent column has an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column for concentrating {sup 99m}Tc eluted from the sorbent column. A method of preparing a concentrated solution of {sup 99m}Tc includes the general steps of: (a) providing a sorbent column loaded with a composition containing {sup 99}Mo, the sorbent column having an effluent end in fluid communication with an anion-exchange column; (b) eluting the sorbent column with a salt solution to elute {sup 99m}Tc from the sorbent and to trap and concentrate the eluted {sup 99m}Tc on the ion-exchange column; and (c) eluting the concentrated {sup 99m}Tc from the ion-exchange column with a solution comprising a reductive complexing agent. 1 fig.
Mirzadeh, S.; Knapp, F.F. Jr.; Collins, E.D.
Forced Oscillations in Wind Energy Generation Systems
Use of the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) in wind energy generation systems allows variable speed operation by using partially rated back-to-back quadruple active and reactive power PWM converters. The control of the system is very complex. Despite ... Keywords: Wind energy generation system, forced oscillation, stability
Zhen Li; Siu-Chung Wong; Chi K. Tse
Protecting the Modern Distribution Grid: EPRI Survey on Distribution Protection with Emphasis on Distributed Generation Integration Practices
The increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) has created the need for changing protection practices for electric utility distribution systems. An assessment of current practice and experiences is provided. This report is to make utility engineers aware of potential issues and present protection practices for systems with DG.BackgroundDistributed resources have had significant impacts on electric utility power delivery systems. Greater impacts are ...
A Model of U.S. Commercial Distributed Generation Adoption
Small-scale (100 kW-5 MW) on-site distributed generation (DG) economically driven by combined heat and power (CHP) applications and, in some cases, reliability concerns will likely emerge as a common feature of commercial building energy systems over the next two decades. Forecasts of DG adoption published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) in the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO) are made using the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), which has a forecasting module that predicts the penetration of several possible commercial building DG technologies over the period 2005-2025. NEMS is also used for estimating the future benefits of Department of Energy research and development used in support of budget requests and management decisionmaking. The NEMS approach to modeling DG has some limitations, including constraints on the amount of DG allowed for retrofits to existing buildings and a small number of possible sizes for each DG technology. An alternative approach called Commercial Sector Model (ComSeM) is developed to improve the way in which DG adoption is modeled. The approach incorporates load shapes for specific end uses in specific building types in specific regions, e.g., cooling in hospitals in Atlanta or space heating in Chicago offices. The Distributed Energy Resources Customer Adoption Model (DER-CAM) uses these load profiles together with input cost and performance DG technology assumptions to model the potential DG adoption for four selected cities and two sizes of five building types in selected forecast years to 2022. The Distributed Energy Resources Market Diffusion Model (DER-MaDiM) is then used to then tailor the DER-CAM results to adoption projections for the entire U.S. commercial sector for all forecast years from 2007-2025. This process is conducted such that the structure of results are consistent with the structure of NEMS, and can be re-injected into NEMS that can then be used to integrate adoption results into a full forecast.
LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi; Ryan Firestone; Zhou, Nan; Maribu,Karl; Marnay, Chris
Residential Power Systems for Distributed Generation Markets
This report is an update to "Technology Assessment of Residential Power Systems for Distributed Generation Markets" (EPRIsolutions report 1000772). That previous report dealt with fuel cells, stirling engine generators, and reciprocating engine generators; this current report focuses on polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) power systems fueled with natural gas or propane and sized for residential loads.
Distributed Generation with Heat Recovery and Storage �energy resources (DER), distributed generation (DG), andload of Figure 2. distributed generation of part or all of
Siddiqui, Afzal; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan M.; Zhou, Nan
Operation of Distributed Generation Under Stochastic Prices
Operation of Distributed Generation Under Stochastic PricesOPERATION OF DISTRIBUTED GENERATION UNDER STOCHASTIC PRICESwith either on-site distributed generation (DG) or purchases
Siddiqui, Afzal S.; Marnay, Chris
Benchmarking Distributed Generation Cost of Electricity and Characterization of Green House Gas Emission
Understanding the economic competitiveness and green house gas (GHG) footprint of all energy supply-side options has been identified by EPRI advisors as a key priority. This project benchmarks the cost of electricity and characterizes the GHG footprint of distributed generation (DG) options in various applications. DG technologies include small gas turbines, spark-ignited and diesel internal combustion engines, micro turbines, several types of fuel cells, Stirling engines, and photovoltaic systems.
Report on Distributed Generation Penetration Study
This report documents part of a multiyear research program dedicated to the development of requirements to support the definition, design, and demonstration of a distributed generation-electric power system interconnection interface concept. The report focuses on the dynamic behavior of power systems when a significant portion of the total energy resource is distributed generation. It also focuses on the near-term reality that the majority of new DG relies on rotating synchronous generators for energy conversion.
Miller, N.; Ye, Z.
PEV-based Reactive Power Compensation for Wind DG Units: A Stackelberg Game Approach
turbine's inductive load to ensure a stable voltage profile in the system. Since reactive power can only from the load centers, DG units will speed up the revolution of providing power on site with little unit. Reactive power compensa- tion is needed since the load is not pure resistive and may include
Wu, Chenye
Curtailing Intermittent Generation in Electrical Systems
Energy generation from intermittent renewable sources introduces additional variability into electrical systems, resulting in a higher cost of balancing against the increased variabilities. Ways to balance demand and supply for electricity include using ... Keywords: economic curtailment, energy storage operations, flexible generation, intermittent generation, operations management practice, wind power
Owen Q. Wu, Roman Kapuscinski
Ensemble Generation for Models of Multimodal Systems
In this work the performance of ensembles generated by commonly used methods in a nonlinear system with multiple attractors is examined. The model used here is a spectral truncation of a barotropic quasigeostrophic channel model. The system ...
Robert N. Miller; Laura L. Ehret
Turbocompressor downhole steam-generating system
This patent describes a downhole steam-generating system comprising: an air compressor; a steam generating unit, including: a combustor for combusting fuel with the compressed air from the compressor producing combustor exhaust products; and steam conversion means, in indirect heat-exchange relationship with the combustor, for converting water which is fed into the steam-conversion means into steam; a turbine which is rotated by the combustor exhaust products and steam from the steam-generating unit, the rotational motion of the turbine is mechanically coupled to the air compressor to drive the air compressor; and control bypass means associated with the steam generating unit and turbine for regulating the relative amounts of the combustor exhaust product and steam delivered to the turbine from the steam generating unit. The air compressor and turbine form an integral turbocompressor unit. The turbocompressor unit, steam-generating unit and control bypass means are located downhole during operation of the steam-generating system.
Wagner, W.R.
Control system for fluid heated steam generator
A control system for controlling the location of the nucleate-boiling region in a fluid heated steam generator comprises means for measuring the temperature gradient (change in temperature per unit length) of the heating fluid along the steam generator; means for determining a control variable in accordance with a predetermined function of temperature gradients and for generating a control signal in response thereto; and means for adjusting the feedwater flow rate in accordance with the control signal.
Boland, James F. (Bonneville County, ID); Koenig, John F. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Boland, J.F.; Koenig, J.F.
Steam Turbine Generator Auxiliary System Maintenance Guide--Volume 7 (Generator Excitation System)
Excitation systems are a critical part of the power generation system. They must be capable of providing a reliable excitation current to the generator and respond to system fluctuations while maintaining consistent generator voltage and power factor. Most modern excitation systems use a static or rotating solid-state exciter and include the associated components required to provide regulation and control over voltage and reactive power flow and to enhance power system stability. The proper operation of ...
Turbine Generator Auxiliary Systems Volume 1: Turbine Generator Lubrication System Maintenance Guide -- 2012 Update
This report provides nuclear and fossil plant personnel with current maintenance information on lubrication system components and specifications, treatment, and analysis of the lubricating oil.BackgroundInput from member utilities indicated that maintenance guides were needed for the turbine-generator auxiliary systems. The first auxiliary system selected was the turbine-generator lubrication system used in nuclear and ...
Greenhouse Gas Abatement with Distributed Generation in California's Commercial Buildings
Gas Abatement with Distributed Generation in California�sGAS ABATEMENT WITH DISTRIBUTED GENERATION IN CALIFORNIA�Sthe role of distributed generation (DG) in greenhouse gas
Stadler, Michael
Distributed Generation Investment by a Microgrid Under Uncertainty
N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Distributed Generation Investment by aemployer. ORMMES�06 Distributed Generation Investment by ato invest in a distributed generation (DG) unit that
Siddiqui, Afzal; Marnay, Chris
This patent relates to reactor systems of the type wherein the cooiing medium is a liquid which is converted by the heat of the reaction to steam which is conveyed directly to a pnime mover such as a steam turbine driving a generatore after which it is condensed and returred to the coolant circuit. In this design, the reactor core is disposed within a tank for containing either a slurry type fuel or an aggregation of solid fuel elements such as elongated rods submerged in a liquid moderator such as heavy water. The top of the tank is provided with a nozzle which extends into an expansion chamber connected with the upper end of the tank, the coolant being maintained in the expansion chamber at a level above the nozzle and the steam being formed in the expansion chamber.
Vernon, H.C.
A Better Steam Engine: Designing a Distributed Concentrating Solar Combined Heat and Power System
for distributed generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50environmentally benign distributed generation in a varietyfor inexpensive Distributed Generation (DG) technologies in
Norwood, Zachary Mills
Distributed Generation Systems Inc | Open Energy Information
Distributed Generation Systems Inc Distributed Generation Systems Inc Name Distributed Generation Systems Inc Address 200 Union Blvd Place Lakewood, Colorado Zip 80228 Sector Wind energy Product Developer of electricity generation wind power facilities Website http://www.disgenonline.com/ Coordinates 39.718048°, -105.1324055° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":39.718048,"lon":-105.1324055,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Control system for wind-powered generators
In a system of wind-powered generators, a reliable yet inexpensive control system is desirable. Such a system would be completely automatic so it could be left unattended for long periods. It would respond to electrical representations of data such as bearing temperature, vibration, wind velocity, turbine velocity, torque, or any other pertinent data. It would respond by starting or stopping the turbine, controlling the loading, or sounding an alarm. A microprocessor-based controller capable of these functions is described.
Kroth, G.J.
Main Generator Excitation System Upgrade/Retrofit
Upgrading or replacing even a portion of the excitation system of a generator can provide increased reliability and availability while simultaneously decreasing operational and maintenance costs. However, the upgrade or retrofit of an excitation system is a major cost involving some degree of implementation, installation, or performance risk. This report provides lessons learned, experiences, practices and solutions from plants that have installed excitation system retrofits and upgrades. This informatio...
Comparison of Raindrop Size Distribution Measurements by a Joss-Waldvogel Disdrometer, a PMS 2DG Spectrometer, and a POSS Doppler Radar
Three techniques for the measurement of raindrop size distributions are compared using data from a Joss-Waldvogel disdrometer (JWD), a Particle Measuring Systems 2DG spectrometer (PMS), and an Atmospheric Environment Service (AES) Precipitation ...
B. E. Sheppard; P. I. Joe
Two-stage approach for the assessment of distributed generation capacity mixture in active distribution networks
Distribution networks are limited with spare capacities to integrate increased volumes of distributed generation (DG). Network constraints and congestion
D. Jayaweera; S. Islam; S. Neduvelil
Turbine-Generator Auxiliary Systems, Volume 4: Generator Stator Cooling System
While there is a wealth of specific instructions, guidelines, experiences, and publications associated with water-cooled generators, the industry needs a comprehensive document that provides an unbiased overview of all technologies and related issues. This report deals with the specific features of water-cooled generators and the attached generator cooling water system. Though the primary focus is water-cooled stators, other possible components associated with rotor water cooling or attached systems, suc...
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Low Cost High Concentration PV Systems for Utility Power Generation...
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Control methodologies provide the necessary data acquisition, analysis and corrective actions needed to maintain the state of an electric power system within acceptable operating limits. These methods are primarily software-based algorithms that are nonfunctional unless properly integrated with system data and the appropriate control devices. Components of the control of power systems today include protective relays, supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), distribution automation (DA), feeder automation, software agents, sensors, control devices and communications. Necessary corrective actions are still accomplished using large electromechanical devices such as vacuum, oil and gas-insulated breakers, capacitor banks, regulators, transformer tap changers, reclosers, generators, and more recently FACTS (flexible AC transmission system) devices. The recent evolution of multi-agent system (MAS) technologies has been reviewed and effort made to integrate MAS into next generation power systems. A MAS can be defined as â�?�?â�?¦a loosely-coupled network of problem solvers that work together to solve problems that are beyond their individual capabilitiesâ�?¦â�?. These problem solvers, often called agents, are autonomous and may be heterogeneous in nature. This project has shown that a MAS has significant advantages over a single, monolithic, centralized problem solver for next generation power systems. Various communication media are being used in the electric power system today, including copper, optical fiber and power line carrier (PLC) as well as wireless technologies. These technologies have enabled the deployment of substation automation (SA) at many facilities. Recently, carrier and wireless technologies have been developed and demonstrated on a pilot basis. Hence, efforts have been made by this project to penetrate these communication technologies as an infrastructure for next generation power systems. This project has thus pursued efforts to use specific MAS methods as well as pertinent communications protocols to imbed and assess such technologies in a real electric power distribution system, specifically the Circuit of the Future (CoF) developed by Southern California Edison (SCE). By modeling the behavior and communication for the components of a MAS, the operation and control of the power distribution circuit have been enhanced. The use of MAS to model and integrate a power distribution circuit offers a significantly different approach to the design of next generation power systems. For example, ways to control a power distribution circuit that includes a micro-grid while considering the impacts of thermal constraints, and integrating voltage control and renewable energy sources on the main power system have been pursued. Both computer simulations and laboratory testbeds have been used to demonstrate such technologies in electric power distribution systems. An economic assessment of MAS in electric power systems was also performed during this project. A report on the economic feasibility of MAS for electric power systems was prepared, and particularly discusses the feasibility of incorporating MAS in transmission and distribution (T&D) systems. Also, the commercial viability of deploying MAS in T&D systems has been assessed by developing an initial case study using utility input to estimate the benefits of deploying MAS. In summary, the MAS approach, which had previously been investigated with good success by APERC for naval shipboard applications, has now been applied with promising results for enhancing an electric power distribution circuit, such as the Circuit of the Future developed by Southern California Edison. The results for next generation power systems include better ability to reconfigure circuits, improve protection and enhance reliability.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Power Generation Systems
An increasing worldwide demand for premium power, emerging trend towards electric utility deregulation and distributed power generation, global environmental concerns and regulatory controls have accelerated the development of advanced fuel cell based power generation systems. Fuel cells convert chemical energy to electrical energy through electrochemical oxidation of gaseous and/or liquid fuels ranging from hydrogen to hydrocarbons. Electrochemical oxidation of fuels prevents the formation of Nox, while the higher efficiency of the systems reduces carbon dioxide emissions (kg/kWh). Among various fuel cell power generation systems currently being developed for stationary and mobile applications, solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) offer higher efficiency (up to 80% overall efficiency in hybrid configurations), fuel flexibility, tolerance to CO poisoning, modularity, and use of non-noble construction materials of low strategic value. Tubular, planar, and monolithic cell and stack configurations are currently being developed for stationary and military applications. The current generation of fuel cells uses doped zirconia electrolyte, nickel cermet anode, doped Perovskite cathode electrodes and predominantly ceramic interconnection materials. Fuel cells and cell stacks operate in a temperature range of 800-1000 *C. Low cost ($400/kWe), modular (3-10kWe) SOFC technology development approach of the Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) initiative of the USDOE will be presented and discussed. SOFC technology will be reviewed and future technology development needs will be addressed.
Singh, Prabhakar; Pederson, Larry R.; Simner, Steve P.; Stevenson, Jeffry W.; Viswanathan, Vish V.
Protective, Modular Wave Power Generation System
The concept of small wave energy conversion modules that can be built into large, scalable arrays, in the same vein as solar panels, has been developed. This innovation lends itself to an organic business and development model, and enables the use of large-run manufacturing technology to reduce system costs. The first prototype module has been built to full-scale, and tested in a laboratory wave channel. The device has been shown to generate electricity and dissipate wave energy. Improvements need to be made to the electrical generator and a demonstration of an array of modules should be made in natural conditions.
Vvedensky, Jane M.; Park, Robert Y.
Next Generation Attics and Roof Systems
Next Generation Attics Next Generation Attics and Roof Systems William (Bill) Miller, Ph.D. ORNL email@example.com____ (865) 574-2013 April 4, 2013 Goals: Develop New Roof and Attic Designs Reduce Space Conditioning Due to Attic Convince Industry to Adopt Designs Building Envelope Program Dr. William Miller Dr. Som Shrestha Kaushik Biswas, Ken Childs, Jerald Atchley, Phil Childs Andre Desjarlais (Group Leader) 32% Primary Energy 28% Primary Energy 2 | Building Technologies Office eere.energy.gov Purpose & Objectives
to a put option on natural gas generation, which increasesgeneration (DG) unit that operates on natural gas.While the long-term natural gas generation cost is
Plasma generators, reactor systems and related methods
A plasma generator, reactor and associated systems and methods are provided in accordance with the present invention. A plasma reactor may include multiple sections or modules which are removably coupled together to form a chamber. Associated with each section is an electrode set including three electrodes with each electrode being coupled to a single phase of a three-phase alternating current (AC) power supply. The electrodes are disposed about a longitudinal centerline of the chamber and are arranged to provide and extended arc and generate an extended body of plasma. The electrodes are displaceable relative to the longitudinal centerline of the chamber. A control system may be utilized so as to automatically displace the electrodes and define an electrode gap responsive to measure voltage or current levels of the associated power supply.
Kong, Peter C. (Idaho Falls, ID); Pink, Robert J. (Pocatello, ID); Lee, James E. (Idaho Falls, ID)
Under sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation has conducted a study of Next Generation Gas Turbine Systems that embraces the goals of the DOE's High Efficiency Engines and Turbines and Vision 21 programs. The Siemens Westinghouse Next Generation Gas Turbine (NGGT) Systems program was a 24-month study looking at the feasibility of a NGGT for the emerging deregulated distributed generation market. Initial efforts focused on a modular gas turbine using an innovative blend of proven technologies from the Siemens Westinghouse W501 series of gas turbines and new enabling technologies to serve a wide variety of applications. The flexibility to serve both 50-Hz and 60-Hz applications, use a wide range of fuels and be configured for peaking, intermediate and base load duty cycles was the ultimate goal. As the study progressed the emphasis shifted from a flexible gas turbine system of a specific size to a broader gas turbine technology focus. This shift in direction allowed for greater placement of technology among both the existing fleet and new engine designs, regardless of size, and will ultimately provide for greater public benefit. This report describes the study efforts and provides the resultant conclusions and recommendations for future technology development in collaboration with the DOE.
Benjamin C. Wiant; Ihor S. Diakunchak; Dennis A. Horazak; Harry T. Morehead
Distributed Generation Potential of the U.S. CommercialSector
Small-scale (100 kW-5 MW) on-site distributed generation (DG) economically driven by combined heat and power (CHP) applications and, in some cases, reliability concerns will likely emerge as a common feature of commercial building energy systems in developed countries over the next two decades. In the U.S., private and public expectations for this technology are heavily influenced by forecasts published by the Energy Information Administration (EIA), most notably the Annual Energy Outlook (AEO). EIA's forecasts are typically made using the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS), which has a forecasting module that predicts the penetration of several possible commercial building DG technologies over the period 2005-2025. Annual penetration is forecast by estimating the payback period for each technology, for each of a limited number of representative building types, for each of nine regions. This process results in an AEO2004 forecast deployment of about a total 3 GW of DG electrical generating capacity by 2025, which is only 0.25 percent of total forecast U.S. capacity. Analyses conducted using both the AEO2003 and AEO2004 versions of NEMS changes the baseline costs and performance characteristics of DG to reflect a world without U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) research into several thermal DG technologies, which is then compared to a case with enhanced technology representative of the successful achievement of DOE research goals. The net difference in 2025 DG penetration is dramatic using the AEO2003 version of NEMS, but much smaller in the AEO2004 version. The significance and validity of these contradictory results are discussed, and possibilities for improving estimates of commercial U.S. DG potential are explored.
LaCommare, Kristina Hamachi; Edwards, Jennifer L.; Gumerman,Etan; Marnay, Chris
SOFC combined cycle systems for distributed generation
The final phase of the tubular SOFC development program will focus on the development and demonstration of pressurized solid oxide fuel cell (PSOFC)/gas turbine (GT) combined cycle power systems for distributed power applications. The commercial PSOFC/GT product line will cover the power range 200 kWe to 50 MWe, and the electrical efficiency for these systems will range from 60 to 75% (net AC/LHV CH4), the highest of any known fossil fueled power generation technology. The first demonstration of a pressurized solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine combined cycle will be a proof-of-concept 250 kWe PSOFC/MTG power system consisting of a single 200 kWe PSOFC module and a 50 kWe microturbine generator (MTG). The second demonstration of this combined cycle will be 1.3 MWe fully packaged, commercial prototype PSOFC/GT power system consisting of two 500 kWe PSOFC modules and a 300 kWe gas turbine.
Brown, R.A.
Analyzing auxiliary system in nuclear generating stations
The design for most nuclear generating stations took place before the widespread use of computerized engineering tools. The manual design basis calculations that were performed vary in quantity from only a few feet of shelf space for some of the first stations to bookcases full for stations that are now receiving their operating licenses. Some of the following issues may apply to the manual calculation files of any nuclear station: Errors and lack of detail in hand calculations; Calculations that may not document the required safety functions; Calculations that lag behind the as-built condition of the station; Documentation that does not add up to a coherent whole; and incomplete auditability and traceability of data. The increasing use of computerized tools in nuclear generating station analysis has helped address the hand-calculation problems. The use of a master system model to study various scenarios also ensures that uniform assumptions are being used for all related analyses. This article presents an overview of how computerized tools are being used for both ac and dc auxiliary system calculations. Problems that may be created by the use of these tools are discussed, along with a review of those issues specific to nuclear generating stations.
Jancauskas, J.R. (Gilber/Commonwealth (US))
Integrated high speed intelligent utility tie unit for disbursed/renewable generation facilities
After experiencing the price hikes and rotating blackouts in California, the disbursed or distributed generation (DG) is considered as one of the most attractive alternatives for future utility industry. In addition to the conventional DG that uses fossil-fuel ...
Worakarn Wongsaichua / Wei-Jen Lee; Soontorn Oraintara
DG & ES Strategic Intelligence Update newsletters 1 - 4
Distributed generation and energy storage technologies add value to a wide range of applications within the electric utility enterprise. Energy storage at megawatt-hour scales can be used to enable generators to better follow load and stabilize transmission voltage and frequency. Both distributed generation and energy storage systems can help utilities shift and manage peak loads within the distribution system, improve reliability, and potentially help defer infrastructure upgrades. Bulk energy storage e...
Integration of induction generator dynamics in multimachine system transient analysis
The impact of electrical transients of asynchronous wind generators on the synchronous generators is often ignored to keep the analysis of multimachine systems simple. A steady drift of slip from the nominal value, while of no consequence from power ... Keywords: dynamic modeling of wind systems, induction generator, power system, wind generation
A. H. M. A. Rahim; E. P. Nowicki
Integrated Energy System Dispatch Optimization
and N. Zhou, �Distributed Generation With Heat Recovery andresources (DER). A. Distributed Generation Buildings canequipment (i.e. distributed generation (DG)) such as
Firestone, Ryan; Stadler, Michael; Marnay, Chris
A multistage model for distribution expansion planning with distributed generation in a deregulated electricity market
Distribution systems management is becoming an increasingly complicated issue due to the introduction of new technologies, new energy trading strategies and a new deregulated environment. In the new deregulated energy market and considering the incentives ... Keywords: GAMS-MATLAB interface, distributed generation (DG), distribution company (DISCO), investment payback time, microturbine, social welfare
S. Porkar; A. Abbaspour-Tehrani-Fard; P. Poure; S. Saadate
DG Fairhaven Power Biomass Facility | Open Energy Information
Fairhaven Power Biomass Facility Fairhaven Power Biomass Facility Jump to: navigation, search Name DG Fairhaven Power Biomass Facility Facility DG Fairhaven Power Sector Biomass Owner Marubeni Sustainable Energy Location Eureka, California Coordinates 40.8020712°, -124.1636729° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":40.8020712,"lon":-124.1636729,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Application of USNRC NUREG/CR-6661 and draft DG-1108 to evolutionary and advanced reactor designs
For the seismic design of evolutionary and advanced nuclear reactor power plants, there are definite financial advantages in the application of USNRC NUREG/CR-6661 and draft Regulatory Guide DG-1108. NUREG/CR-6661, 'Benchmark Program for the Evaluation of Methods to Analyze Non-Classically Damped Coupled Systems', was by Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) for the USNRC, and Draft Regulatory Guide DG-1108 is the proposed revision to the current Regulatory Guide (RG) 1.92, Revision 1, 'Combining Modal Responses and Spatial Components in Seismic Response Analysis'. The draft Regulatory Guide DG-1108 is available at http://members.cox.net/apolloconsulting, which also provides a link to the USNRC ADAMS site to search for NUREG/CR-6661 in text file or image file. The draft Regulatory Guide DG-1108 removes unnecessary conservatism in the modal combinations for closely spaced modes in seismic response spectrum analysis. Its application will be very helpful in coupled seismic analysis for structures and heavy equipment to reduce seismic responses and in piping system seismic design. In the NUREG/CR-6661 benchmark program, which investigated coupled seismic analysis of structures and equipment or piping systems with different damping values, three of the four participants applied the complex mode solution method to handle different damping values for structures, equipment, and piping systems. The fourth participant applied the classical normal mode method with equivalent weighted damping values to handle differences in structural, equipment, and piping system damping values. Coupled analysis will reduce the equipment responses when equipment, or piping system and structure are in or close to resonance. However, this reduction in responses occurs only if the realistic DG-1108 modal response combination method is applied, because closely spaced modes will be produced when structure and equipment or piping systems are in or close to resonance. Otherwise, the conservatism in the current Regulatory Guide 1.92, Revision 1, will overshadow the advantage of coupled analysis. All four participants applied the realistic modal combination method of DG-1108. Consequently, more realistic and reduced responses were obtained. (authors)
Chang 'Apollo', Chen [Apollo Consulting, Inc., Surprise, AZ 85374-4605 (United States)
Spray generators for absorption refrigeration systems
A spray generator for an absorption refrigeration system that includes a heat exchanger comprised of a multiplicity of variably spaced heat exchange tubes. The tubes are spaced close together near the top of the heat exchanger and spaced more widely apart near the bottom of the heat exchanger. Dilute absorbent solution is sprayed down through the heat exchanger. The close nesting of the tubes in the top portion of the heat exchanger retards liquid flow and aids heating of the solution. The wide spacing of the tubes in the lower section of the heat exchanger facilitate vapor flow out of the heat exchanger and eliminates liquid "blow-off". The top tubes are covered by a baffle to prevent the liquid solution from splashing out of the heat exchanger off of these top tubes.
Sibley, Howard W. (Baldwinsville, NY)
Other Agencies You are here Home Low Cost High Concentration PV Systems for Utility Power Generation Amonix, Inc. Low Cost High Concentration PV Systems for Utility Power...
Next Generation Nanosatellite Systems: Mechanical Analysis and Test.
??The Canadian Nanosatellite Advanced Propulsion System is the second generation cold-gas propulsion system. Its purpose is to provide the millinewton thrust required for formation control� (more)
Ligori, Michael C.
New optimization techniques for power system generation scheduling.
??Generation scheduling in restructured electric power systems is critical to maintain the stability and security of a power system and economical operation of the electricity� (more)
Sun, Wei
Electron beam dynamics for the ISIS bremsstrahlung beam generation system
An electron beam transport system was designed for use in the Bremsstrahlung Beam Generation System of the Integrated Stand-off Inspection System (ISIS). The purpose of this electron transport system was to provide for ...
Block, Robert E. (Robert Edward)
Renewable Power Options for Electricity Generation on Kaua�i...
coming from renewable energy by 2023. vii List of Acronyms Btu British thermal unit CSP concentrating solar power DER distributed energy resource DG distributed generation DOE...
Property:Distributed Generation System Enclosure | Open Energy Information
System Enclosure System Enclosure Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type String. The allowed values for this property are: Indoor Outdoor Dedicated Shelter Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Enclosure" Showing 22 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Indoor + Distributed Generation Study/615 kW Waukesha Packaged System + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Outdoor + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Indoor + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Dedicated Shelter + Distributed Generation Study/Floyd Bennett + Outdoor +
Analysis of hybrid power system incorporating squirrel cage induction generators
This paper presents generic model of hybrid power system consisting in a combined solution one wind turbine with asynchronous generator and on hydro generator with synchronous machine. This technology was developed by to reduce the cost of supplying ... Keywords: asynchronous generator, homer, optimal design, renewable energy, variable speed generation, voltage and frequency controller, water flow
Sorin Ioan Deaconu; Marcel Topor; Gabriel Nicolae Popa; Diana Bistrian
The potential for distributed generation in Japanese prototype buildings: A DER-CAM analysis of policy, tariff design, building energy use, and technology development (English Version)
of investment New Power Generation/Distribution EnterprisesDG Distributed Generation Disco distribution company DOEof fuel) Electricity generation, transmission, distribution
Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan; Gao, Weijun; Nishida, Masaru
Project Recap Humanitarian Engineering Biodiesel Boiler System for Steam Generator
Project Recap Humanitarian Engineering Biodiesel Boiler System for Steam Generator Currently 70 biodiesel boiler system to drive a steam engine generator. This system is to provide electricity the customer needs, a boiler fueled by biodiesel and outputting to a steam engine was decided upon. The system
Demirel, Melik C.
Building upon the 1999 AD Little Study, an expanded market analysis was performed by GE Power Systems in 2001 to quantify the potential demand for an NGGT product. This analysis concluded that improvements to the US energy situation might be best served in the near/mid term (2002-2009) by a ''Technology-Focused'' program rather than a specific ''Product-Focused'' program. Within this new program focus, GEPS performed a parametric screening study of options in the three broad candidate categories of gas turbines: aero-derivative, heavy duty, and a potential hybrid combining components of the other two categories. GEPS's goal was to determine the best candidate systems that could achieve the DOE PRDA expectations and GEPS's internal design criteria in the period specified for initial product introduction, circa 2005. Performance feasibility studies were conducted on candidate systems selected in the screening task, and critical technology areas were identified where further development would be required to meet the program goals. DOE PRDA operating parameters were found to be achievable by 2005 through evolutionary technology. As a result, the study was re-directed toward technology enhancements for interim product introductions and advanced/revolutionary technology for potential NGGT product configurations. Candidate technologies were identified, both evolutionary and revolutionary, with a potential for possible development products via growth step improvements. Benefits were analyzed from two perspectives: (1) What would be the attributes of the top candidate system assuming the relevant technologies were developed and available for an NGGT market opportunity in 2009/2010; and (2) What would be the expected level of public benefit, assuming relevant technologies were incorporated into existing new and current field products as they became available. Candidate systems incorporating these technologies were assessed as to how they could serve multiple applications, both in terms of incorporation of technology into current products, as well as to an NGGT product. In summary, potential program costs are shown for development of the candidate systems along with the importance of future DOE enabling participation. Three main conclusions have been established via this study: (1) Rapid recent changes within the power generation regulatory environment and the resulting ''bubble'' of gas turbine orders has altered the timing and relative significance associated with the conclusions of the ADL study upon which the original DOE NGGT solicitation was based. (2) Assuming that the relevant technologies were developed and available for an NGGT market opportunity circa 2010, the top candidate system that meets or exceeds the DOE PRDA requirements was determined to be a hybrid aero-derivative/heavy duty concept. (3) An investment by DOE of approximately $23MM/year to develop NGGT technologies near/mid term for validation and migration into a reasonable fraction of the installed base of GE F-class products could be leveraged into $1.2B Public Benefit, with greatest benefits resulting from RAM improvements. In addition to the monetary Public Benefit, there is also significant benefit in terms of reduced energy consumption, and reduced power plant land usage.
Using Distributed Tri-generation Systems for Neighborhood Hydrogen Refueling
Using Distributed Tri-generation Systems for Neighborhood Hydrogen Refueling Xuping Li and Joan: Xuping Li (firstname.lastname@example.com), Joan Ogden (email@example.com) INTRODUCTION TRI-GENERATION SYSTEM AND NEIGHBORHOOD REFUELING DESCRIPTION METHODS AND DATA CONCLUSIONS An engineering/economic model for H2 tri-generation
California at Davis, University of
WEB RESOURCE: Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems
Feb 16, 2007 ... This web site provides offers a broad overview of the Department of Energy's activities in exploring the development of next generation nuclear�...
A Reanalysis System for the Generation of Mesoscale Climatographies
The use of a mesoscale model�based four-dimensional data assimilation (FDDA) system for generating mesoscale climatographies is demonstrated. This dynamical downscaling method utilizes the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University�National ...
Andrea N. Hahmann; Dorita Rostkier-Edelstein; Thomas T. Warner; Francois Vandenberghe; Yubao Liu; Richard Babarsky; Scott P. Swerdlin
Property:Distributed Generation System Application | Open Energy
System Application System Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Application" Showing 22 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/615 kW Waukesha Packaged System + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Combined Heat and Power + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Combined Heat and Power +
Evolutionary Design Systems and Generative Processes
Design tools that aim not only to analyse and evaluate, but also to generate and explore alternative design proposals are now under development. An evolutionary paradigm is presented as a basis for creating such tools. First, the evolutionary paradigm ... Keywords: design, environment, evolution, generative, search
Patrick Janssen; John Frazer; Tang Ming-xi
Application of Artificial Intelligence Technique in Distributed Generation System
This paper gives a brief description of current situation of distributed generation system, and points out that microgrid can run in two kinds of operation modes. The key problems which need to be cautiously considered exist in each operation mode are ... Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Artificial neural network, Distributed generation system, Fuzzy logic, Genetic algorithm, Multi-agent system
Guoqing Weng; Youbing Zhang; Yi Hu
Control of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator System Using PIDNNs
An intelligent control stand-alone doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) system using proportional-integral-derivative neural network (PIDNN) is proposed in this study. This system can be applied as a stand-alone power supply system or as the emergency ... Keywords: Doubly-fed induction generator, field-oriented control, proportional-integral-derivative neural network
Faa-Jeng Lin; Jonq-Chin Hwang; Kuang-Hsiung Tan; Zong-Han Lu; Yung-Ruei Chang
Thermoelectric generator cooling system and method of control
An apparatus is provided that includes a thermoelectric generator and an exhaust gas system operatively connected to the thermoelectric generator to heat a portion of the thermoelectric generator with exhaust gas flow through the thermoelectric generator. A coolant system is operatively connected to the thermoelectric generator to cool another portion of the thermoelectric generator with coolant flow through the thermoelectric generator. At least one valve is controllable to cause the coolant flow through the thermoelectric generator in a direction that opposes a direction of the exhaust gas flow under a first set of operating conditions and to cause the coolant flow through the thermoelectric generator in the direction of exhaust gas flow under a second set of operating conditions.
Prior, Gregory P; Meisner, Gregory P; Glassford, Daniel B
System and method for generating a relationship network
A computer-implemented system and process for generating a relationship network is disclosed. The system provides a set of data items to be related and generates variable length data vectors to represent the relationships between the terms within each data item. The system can be used to generate a relationship network for documents, images, or any other type of file. This relationship network can then be queried to discover the relationships between terms within the set of data items.
Franks, Kasian (Kensington, CA); Myers, Cornelia A. (St. Louis, MO); Podowski, Raf M. (Pleasant Hill, CA)
Distributed Generation Study/Patterson Farms CHP System Using...
Farms CHP System Using Renewable Biogas < Distributed Generation Study Jump to: navigation, search Study Location Auburn, New York Site Description Agricultural Study Type Field...
Proactive energy management for next-generation building systems...
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Proactive energy management for next-generation building systems Argonne is engaged in work to develop sensors and controls to improve the energy efficiency of buildings. As part...
Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the...
Gasoline and Diesel Fuel Update (EIA)
on-site generation of energy, often electricity from renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaics (PV) and small wind turbines. Many factors influence the market for...
Property:Distributed Generation System Power Application | Open Energy
Application Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Power Application" Showing 21 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Based Load +, Backup + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Based Load +, Backup + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Floyd Bennett + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Harbec Plastics + Based Load + Distributed Generation Study/Hudson Valley Community College + Based Load +
DG Demonetz Validierung (Smart Grid Project) | Open Energy Information
Demonetz Validierung (Smart Grid Project) Demonetz Validierung (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name DG Demonetz Validierung Country Austria Headquarters Location Salzburg, Austria Coordinates 47.80949°, 13.05501° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":47.80949,"lon":13.05501,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
System Operational and Planning Impacts of Increased Generator Cycling
This update describes research performed in 2012 to contextualize some of the key issues related to generator cycling with high wind and photovoltaic (PV) penetrations. Using representative system data from California, cycling with increasing wind and PV generation is examined. Sensitivities on the value of various generator-specific (turndown levels, hot start operation, outage rate, etc.) and system-specific (PV/wind mix, penetration of wind, etc.) characteristics are used to identify those ...
Steady State Analysis of an induction generator infinite bus system
analysis of grid connected wind energy conver- sion systems employing induction generators, one1 Steady State Analysis of an induction generator infinite bus system Rajesh G Kavasseri Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105 - 5285, USA (email: rajesh
Kavasseri, Rajesh
A variable voltage MPPT control method for photovoltaic generation system
To increase the output efficiency of a photovoltaic (PV) generation system it is important to have an efficient maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique. This paper describes the analysis, design and implementation of an efficient tracking method ... Keywords: maximum power point tracking (MPPT), photovoltaic generation system, pulse-width-modulation (PWM), solar energy, variable voltage
Liu Liqun; Wang Zhixin
Second Generation PFBC Systems R&D
No work was performed; the two remaining Multi Annular Swirl Burner test campaigns are on hold pending selection of a new test facility (replacement for the shut down UTSI burner test facility) and identification of associated testing costs. The Second-Generation PFB Combustion Plant conceptual design prepared in 1987 is being updated to reflect the benefit of pilot plant test data and the latest advances in gas turbine technology. The updated plant is being designed to operate with 95 percent sulfur capture and a single Siemens Westinghouse (SW) 501G gas turbine. Using carbonizer and gas turbine data generated by Foster Wheeler (FW) and SW respectively, Parsons Infrastructure & Technology prepared preliminary plant heat and material balances based on carbonizer operating temperatures of 1700 and 1800 F; the former yielded the higher plant efficiency and has been selected for the design update. The 501G gas turbine has an air compressor discharge temperature of 811EF and an exhaust temperature of 1140 F. Both of these streams represent high sources of heat and must be cooled, the air to 600 F to be compatible with a 650 F PCFB pressure vessel design temperature and the exhaust for a 275 F stack gas temperature. Because of their relatively high temperature, they can be used for feed water heating, steam generation and/or steam superheating and reheating. As a result, the plant could have one boiler (the PCFB boiler), or as many as three boilers if their cooling is used to generate steam. Three different plant arrangements using one, two and then three boilers were considered with the three-boiler arrangement minimizing the feedwater flow/steam turbine size and maximizing the plant efficiency. After reviewing the three arrangements it was felt the operating complexity associated with a three-boiler plant did not justify the 1/2 point increase in plant efficiency it provided and a two-boiler plant was selected.
Archie Robertson
Application of field-modulated generator systems to dispersed solar thermal electric generation
A Parabolic Dish-Electric Transport concept for dispersed solar thermal generation is considered. In this concept the power generated by 15 kWe Solar Generation Units is electrically collected in a large plant. Various approaches are possible for the conversion of mechanical shaft output of the heat engines to electricity. This study focuses on the Application of Field Modulated Generation System (FMGS) for that purpose. Initially the state-of-the-art of FMGS is presented, and the application of FMGS to dispersed solar thermal electric generation is investigated. This is followed by the definition of the control and monitoring requirements for solar generation system. Then comparison is made between FMGS approach and other options. Finally, the technology developmental needs are identified.
Ramakumar, R.; Bahrami, K.
Resilient Control Systems: Next Generation Design Research
Since digital control systems were introduced to the market more than 30 years ago, the operational efficiency and stability gained through their use have fueled our migration and ultimate dependence on them for the monitoring and control of critical infrastructure. While these systems have been designed for functionality and reliability, a hostile cyber environment and uncertainties in complex networks and human interactions have placed additional parameters on the design expectations for control systems.
Craig Rieger
An Integrated Safety Assessment Methodology for Generation IV Nuclear Systems
The Generation IV International Forum (GIF) Risk and Safety Working Group (RSWG) was created to develop an effective approach for the safety of Generation IV advanced nuclear energy systems. Early work of the RSWG focused on defining a safety philosophy founded on lessons learned from current and prior generations of nuclear technologies, and on identifying technology characteristics that may help achieve Generation IV safety goals. More recent RSWG work has focused on the definition of an integrated safety assessment methodology for evaluating the safety of Generation IV systems. The methodology, tentatively called ISAM, is an integrated �toolkit� consisting of analytical techniques that are available and matched to appropriate stages of Generation IV system concept development. The integrated methodology is intended to yield safety-related insights that help actively drive the evolving design throughout the technology development cycle, potentially resulting in enhanced safety, reduced costs, and shortened development time.
Timothy J. Leahy
Measurement Based Scenario Analysis of Short-Range Distribution System Planning
year to set up a distributed are: no component on outage, one substation transformer on generation (DG obtained through derived from the historical measurement data and incorporated a worst-case analysis system at demonstrated when investigating the system in a 5-year lead Støvring in Denmark. Simulation
Bak-Jensen, Birgitte
An integrated passive islanding detection method for distributed generators
This study proposes a new islanding detection method for use of grid-interconnected distributed generators (DG). The method is based on two indices: the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF) and the rate of change of voltage (ROCOV). When a DG is grid-interconnected, ... Keywords: distributed generator, islanding detection, rate of change of frequency, rate of change of voltage
Wen-Yeau Chang; Hong-Tzer Yang
Power System Operational and Planning Impacts of Generator Cycling Due to Increased Penetration of Variable Generation
This technical update describes work done in the second and final year of the EPRI Bulk Renewable Integration Program project, �Operational and Planning Impacts of Generator Cycling.� This project takes a system perspective in examining the issue of generator cycling behavior, which is likely to increase with increased renewable penetration. To better understand system impacts, researchers developed new modeling algorithms and used them in two case studies to investigate issues related ...
MHK Technologies/Gyroscopic wave power generation system | Open Energy
Gyroscopic wave power generation system Gyroscopic wave power generation system < MHK Technologies Jump to: navigation, search << Return to the MHK database homepage Technology Profile Primary Organization Gyrodynamics Corporation Technology Resource Click here Wave Technology Type Click here Attenuator Technology Readiness Level Click here TRL 5 6 System Integration and Technology Laboratory Demonstration Technology Description This gyroscopic wave power generation system is a pure rotational mechanical system that does not use conventional air turbines and is housed on a unique floating platform float In particular its outstanding feature is that it utilizes the gyroscopic spinning effect A motor is used to turn a 1 meter diameter steel disc flywheel inside the apparatus and when the rolling action of waves against the float tilts it at an angle the gyroscopic effect causes the disc to rotate longitudinally This energy turns a generator producing electricity
SECTION 01000�SUMMARY OF WORK PART 1�GENERAL 1.1 SUMMARY The work to be performed under this project consists of providing the labor, equipment, and materials to perform "Buildout and Upgrade of Central Emergency Generator System, Generator 3 and 4 Electrical Installation" for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration at the Dryden Flight Research Center (NASA/DFRC), Edwards, California 93523. All modifications to existing substations and electrical distribution systems are the responsibility of the contractor. It is the contractor�s responsibility to supply a complete and functionally operational system. The work shall be performed in accordance with these specifications and the related drawings. The work of this project is defined by the plans and specifications contained and referenced herein. This work specifically includes but is not limited to the following: Scope of Work - Installation 1. Install all electrical wiring and controls for new generators 3 and 4 to match existing electrical installation for generators 1 and 2 and in accordance with drawings. Contractor shall provide as-built details for electrical installation. 2. Install battery charger systems for new generators 3 and 4 to match existing battery charging equipment and installation for generators 1 and 2. This may require exchange of some battery charger parts already on-hand. Supply power to new battery chargers from panel and breakers as shown on drawings. Utilize existing conduits already routed to generators 3 and 4 to field route the new wiring in the most reasonable way possible. 3. Install electrical wiring for fuel/lube systems for new generators 3 and 4 to match existing installation for generators 1 and 2. Supply power to lube oil heaters and fuel system (day tanks) from panel and breakers as shown on drawings. Utilize existing conduits already routed to generators 3 and 4 to field route the new wiring in the most reasonable way possible. Add any conduits necessary to complete wiring to fuel systems. 4. Install power to new dampers/louvers from panel and breakers as shown on drawings. Wiring shall be similar to installation to existing dampers/louvers. Utilize existing conduits already routed to louver areas to field route the new wiring in the most reasonable way possible. Add any conduits necessary to complete wiring to new dampers/louvers. 5. Install power to jacket water heaters for new generators 3 and 4 from panel and breakers as shown on drawings. Utilize existing conduits already routed to generators 3 and 4 to field route the new wiring in the most reasonable way possible. 6. Install new neutral grounding resistor and associated parts and wiring for new generators 3 and 4 to match existing installation for generators 1 and 2. Grounding resistors will be Government Furnished Equipment (GFE). 7. Install two new switchgear sections, one for generator #3 and one for generator #4, to match existing generator #1 cubicle design and installation and in accordance with drawings and existing parts lists. This switchgear will be provided as GFE. 8. Ground all new switchgear, generators 3 and 4, and any other new equipment to match existing grounding connections for generators 1 and 2, switchgear and other equipment. See drawings for additional details. Grounding grid is already existing. Ensure that all grounding meets National Electrical Code requirements. 9. Cummins DMC control for the generator and switchgear syste
Gary D. Seifert; G. Shawn West; Kurt S. Myers; Jim Moncur
Property:Distributed Generation System Heating-Cooling Application | Open
Heating-Cooling Application Heating-Cooling Application Jump to: navigation, search This is a property of type Page. Pages using the property "Distributed Generation System Heating-Cooling Application" Showing 21 pages using this property. D Distributed Generation Study/10 West 66th Street Corp + Domestic Hot Water +, Space Heat and/or Cooling + Distributed Generation Study/Aisin Seiki G60 at Hooligans Bar and Grille + Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Arrow Linen + Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Dakota Station (Minnegasco) + Space Heat and/or Cooling +, Other + Distributed Generation Study/Elgin Community College + Space Heat and/or Cooling +, Domestic Hot Water + Distributed Generation Study/Emerling Farm + Domestic Hot Water +, Process Heat and/or Cooling +
Dispersed storage and generation impacts on energy management systems
This paper examines the various technologies for small-scale generation or storage of electricity known collectively as dispersed storage and generation, DSG. DSGs are seen to be an inhomogeneous group. The impact on energy management due to the integration of DSGs into the power system is examined, with emphasis on control, monitoring and operating problems.
Kirkham, H.; Klein, J.
Analysis of Wind Generation System by Real-Time Simulation
Due to the demand of green energy, the number of wind turbines installed has been increased drastically worldwide. Comparing with the traditional utility generation systems, the dynamic characteristic and response of wind farms are totally different. ... Keywords: Doubly-fed induction generator, real-time simulation, PC cluster-based real-time simulator, wind farm
H. C. Su; G. W. Chang; H. M. Huang; K. K. Jen; G. C. Chung; G. Z. Wu
Wind Power Generation Dynamic Impacts on Electric Utility Systems
This technical planning study is an initial assessment of potential dynamic impacts on electric utility systems of wind power generation via large wind turbines. Three classes of dynamic problems-short-term transient stability, system frequency excursions, and minute-to-minute unit ramping limitations - were examined in case studies based on the Hawaiian Electric Co. System.
Automatic generation of water distribution systems based on GIS data
In the field of water distribution system (WDS) analysis, case study research is needed for testing or benchmarking optimisation strategies and newly developed software. However, data availability for the investigation of real cases is limited due to ... Keywords: Algorithmic network generation, GIS-data, Hydraulic simulation, Modular design system, Water distribution system
Robert Sitzenfrei, Michael M�Derl, Wolfgang Rauch
Heat generation in natural gas adsorption systems
Experiments were conducted using a high-surface-area carbon as an adsorbent for methane to determine the impact of the heat of adsorption upon the storage capacity. The rapid filling of an adsorption storage system under conditions in which the heat of adsorption is not dissipated results in only about 75% of the methane being stored at 3.44 MPa (500 psia) as can be stored by a slow fill rate with heat dissipation. These results depend upon the initial temperature of the absorbent bed and upon the characteristics of the substrate itself. 4 refs., 5 figs.
Remick, R.J.; Tiller, A.J.
A description of SNAP-7C isotope-fueled electric generation system is presented. The operational limits and transportation, handling, installation, and adjustment procedures are described. Maintenance instructions and emergency and safety precautions are included. (M.C.G.)
Blazek, E.
page 7 : Turing's Spot-Generation System - CECM
System for generating spots proposed by Turing: $\\bigtriangleup a_{ij} = s(16 - a_ {ij} $\\bigtriangleup b_{ij} = s(a_{ij}b_{. where s is the source density constant.
A Power Energy Generation Systems Ltd APWR | Open Energy Information
Generation Systems Ltd APWR Generation Systems Ltd APWR Jump to: navigation, search Name A-Power Energy Generation Systems Ltd (APWR) Place Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China Zip 110021 Product Chinese-based provider of power generation systems, acting as the holding company of Liaoning Gaoke Energy. Coordinates 41.788509°, 123.40612° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":41.788509,"lon":123.40612,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Springerville Generating Station Solar System Solar Power Plant | Open
Springerville Generating Station Solar System Solar Power Plant Springerville Generating Station Solar System Solar Power Plant Jump to: navigation, search Name Springerville Generating Station Solar System Solar Power Plant Facility Springerville Generating Station Solar System Sector Solar Facility Type Photovoltaic Developer Tucson Electric Power Location Springerville, Arizona Coordinates 34.1333799°, -109.2859196° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":34.1333799,"lon":-109.2859196,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Generative Design Systems Applied to Low-Energy Buildings
Generative Design Systems Applied to Low-Energy Buildings Generative Design Systems Applied to Low-Energy Buildings Speaker(s): Maria Luisa de Oliveira Gama Caldas Date: March 15, 2012 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Paul Mathew Generative Design Systems (GDS) represent a step beyond parametric models, integrating design goals, building simulations and shape generation. In this seminar, present and future research projects on the application of different GDS to low-energy buildings are discussed. The software GENE_ARCH integrates energy simulations with multicriteria search methods such as pareto genetic algorithms, to locate acceptable alternatives that move the current design towards performance goals set by the user. DIVA, a system that integrates parametric geometrical modeling with Radiance, Daysim and
Quantifying the system balancing cost when wind energy is incorporated into electricity generation system.
??Incorporation of wind energy into the electricity generation system requires a detailed analysis of wind speed in order to minimize system balancing cost and avoid� (more)
Issaeva, Natalia
Protection system design for power distribution systems in the presence of distributed generation.
??The increasing presence of distributed generation and the steady modernization of power distribution system equipment have presented new opportunities in power distribution system studies. This� (more)
Mao, Yiming
Cold weather hydrogen generation system and method of operation
A system for providing hydrogen gas is provided. The system includes a hydrogen generator that produces gas from water. One or more heat generation devices are arranged to provide heating of the enclosure during different modes of operation to prevent freezing of components. A plurality of temperature sensors are arranged and coupled to a controller to selectively activate a heat source if the temperature of the component is less than a predetermined temperature.
Dreier, Ken Wayne (Madison, CT); Kowalski, Michael Thomas (Seymour, CT); Porter, Stephen Charles (Burlington, CT); Chow, Oscar Ken (Simsbury, CT); Borland, Nicholas Paul (Montpelier, VT); Goyette, Stephen Arthur (New Hartford, CT)
The Value of Distributed Generation under Different Tariff Structures
The Effects of Electricity Tariff Structure on Distributeddepend on the electricity tariff structure; a system createdthe effects of different electricity tariff structures on DG
Design and implementation of a prototype generator monitoring system
This thesis describes an implementation framework for an intelligent generator monitoring system. This solution is based on high performance front-end data acquisition system and real-time processing of electrical signals and contacts from related protective relays, circuit breakers, and switches. Based on this data, the system performs continuous monitoring of the electrical part of the generator and informs operators of any deviations from the normal operating conditions. The monitoring involves automated comparison and evaluation of several input quantities according to the rules defined by the experts. The system is implemented using a PC interfaced to an advanced digital fault recorder.
Sun, Jianyong
The Added Economic and Environmental Value of Solar Thermal Systems in Microgrids with Combined Heat and Power
N. Zhou, (2007), �Distributed Generation with Heat Recoveryoutputs the optimal Distributed Generation (DG) and storageand sizing of distributed generation and electric storage
Marnay, Chris
A third generation mobile high energy radiography system
A third generation mobile high energy radiographic capability has been completed and put into service by the Los Alamos National Laboratory. The system includes a 6 MeV linac x-ray generator, Co-60 gamma source, all-terrain transportation, on-board power, real-time radiography (RTR), a control center, and a complete darkroom capability. The latest version includes upgraded and enhanced portability, flexibility, all-terrain operation, all-weather operation, and ease of use features learned from experience with the first and second generation systems. All systems were required to have the following characteristics; all-terrain, all-weather operation, self-powered, USAF airlift compatible, reliable, simple to setup, easy to operate, and all components two-person portable. The systems have met these characteristics to differing degrees, as is discussed in the following section, with the latest system being the most capable.
Fry, D.A.; Valdez, J.E.; Johnson, C.S.; Kimerly, H.J.; Vananne, J.R.
Next Generation (NextGen) Geospatial Information System (GIS) | Department
Next Generation (NextGen) Geospatial Information System (GIS) Next Generation (NextGen) Geospatial Information System (GIS) Next Generation (NextGen) Geospatial Information System (GIS) July 12, 2013 - 12:17pm Addthis The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Legacy Management (LM) manages environmental records from Cold War legacy sites spanning nearly 40 years. These records are a key LM asset and must be managed and maintained efficiently and effectively. There are over 16 different applications that support the databases containing environmental and geospatial information. The current applications, respective systems, and processes require upgrades to effectively operate in the future. A multi-disciplined LM team collaborated to develop functional requirements and implement NextGen GIS; this system will replace the Geospatial
The next generation of oxy-fuel boiler systems
Research in the area of oxy-fuel combustion which is being pioneered by Jupiter Oxygen Corporation combined with boiler research conducted by the USDOE/Albany Research Center has been applied to designing the next generation of oxy-fuel combustion systems. The new systems will enhance control of boiler systems during turn-down and improve response time while improving boiler efficiency. These next generation boiler systems produce a combustion product that has been shown to be well suited for integrated pollutant removal. These systems have the promise of reducing boiler foot-print and boiler construction costs. The modularity of the system opens the possibility of using this design for replacement of boilers for retrofit on existing systems.
Ochs, Thomas L.; Gross, Alex (Jupiter Oxygen Corp.); Patrick, Brian (Jupiter Oxygen Corp.); Oryshchyn, Danylo B.; Summers, Cathy A.; Turner, Paul C.
Comparative study of economic viability of rural electrification using renewable energy resources versus diesel generator option in Saudi Arabia
The objective of this paper is to assess the economic viability of Saudi Arabia's renewable energy resources in electricity production in the rural and remote areas as against the use of diesel generators (DG). The methodology employed is to pick an existing isolated DG electric station for a rural community and assess the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) generated for incremental generation by adding either DG
Single module pressurized fuel cell turbine generator system
A pressurized fuel cell system (10), operates within a common pressure vessel (12) where the system contains fuel cells (22), a turbine (26) and a generator (98) where preferably, associated oxidant inlet valve (52), fuel inlet valve (56) and fuel cell exhaust valve (42) are outside the pressure vessel.
George, Raymond A. (Pittsburgh, PA); Veyo, Stephen E. (Murrysville, PA); Dederer, Jeffrey T. (Valencia, PA)
Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic Systems
Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic Systems Next-Generation Distributed Power Management for Photovoltaic Systems Speaker(s): Jason Stauth Date: July 29, 2011 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Steven Lanzisera In recent years, the balance of systems (BOS) side of photovoltaic (PV) energy has become a major focus in the effort to drive solar energy towards grid parity. The power management architecture has expanded to include a range of distributed solutions, including microinverters and 'micro' DC-DC converters to solve problems with mismatch (shading), expand networking and control, and solve critical BOS issues such as fire safety. This talk will introduce traditional and distributed approaches for PV systems, and will propose a next-generation architecture based on a new
We model the operating decisions of a commercial enterprisethatneeds to satisfy its periodic electricity demand with either on-sitedistributed generation (DG) or purchases from the wholesale market. Whilethe former option involves electricity generation at relatively high andpossibly stochastic costs from a set of capacity-constrained DGtechnologies, the latter implies unlimited open-market transactions atstochastic prices. A stochastic dynamic programme (SDP) is used to solvethe resulting optimisation problem. By solving the SDP with and withoutthe availability of DG units, the implied option values of the DG unitsare obtained.
Joint optimization algorithm for network reconfiguration and reactive power control of wind farm in distribution system
In recent years, the number of small size wind farms used as DG sources located within the distribution system are rapidly increasing. Wind farm made up with doubly fed induction generators (DFIG) is proposed in this paper as the continuous reactive ... Keywords: DFIG wind turbine, network reconfiguration, particle swarm optimization, reactive power control, wind farm
Jingjing Zhao; Xin Li; Jiping Lu; Congli Zhang
Preoperational practices for steam generators and secondary-system components
PWR operating experience has shown that proper control of steam generator and secondary plant cleanliness during construction will prevent corrosion of critical components, minimize impurity transport to the steam generators, and minimize startup delays. This volume contains the following guidelines which address preoperational practices: Preoperational Flushing, Cleaning, and Layup of PWR Steam/Feedwater/Condensate Systems, Revision 1; and Guidelines to Minimize Contamination of PWR Steam Generators during Plant Construction, Revision 1. The guidelines provide specific recommendations and associated justifications for maintaining steam generator cleanliness during shipment, storage, and installation; and secondary plant cleanliness during construction. Recommendations for preoperational cleaning and flushing of secondary systems are also provided. 1 ref., 9 figs., 2 tabs.
Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings
1.6 mb) 1.6 mb) Appendix A - Photovoltaic (PV) Cost and Performance Characteristics for Residential and Commercial Applications (1.0 mb) Appendix B - The Cost and Performance of Distributed Wind Turbines, 2010-35 (0.5 mb) Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector Release date: August 7, 2013 Distributed generation in the residential and commercial buildings sectors refers to the on-site generation of energy, often electricity from renewable energy systems such as solar photovoltaics (PV) and small wind turbines. Many factors influence the market for distributed generation, including government policies at the local, state, and federal level, and project costs, which vary significantly depending on time, location, size, and application.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the April to October 2004 reporting period in Task 2.3 (SOFC Scaleup for Hybrid and Fuel Cell Systems) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL), entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. This study analyzes the performance and economics of power generation systems for central power generation application based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology and fueled by natural gas. The main objective of this task is to develop credible scale up strategies for large solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine systems. System concepts that integrate a SOFC with a gas turbine were developed and analyzed for plant sizes in excess of 20 MW. A 25 MW plant configuration was selected with projected system efficiency of over 65% and a factory cost of under $400/kW. The plant design is modular and can be scaled to both higher and lower plant power ratings. Technology gaps and required engineering development efforts were identified and evaluated.
David Deangelis; Rich Depuy; Debashis Dey; Georgia Karvountzi; Nguyen Minh; Max Peter; Faress Rahman; Pavel Sokolov; Deliang Yang
Distributed Photovoltaic Generation in Residential Distribution Systems: Impacts on Power Quality and Anti-islanding.
??The past few decades have seen a consistent growth of distributed PV sources. Distributed PV, like other DG sources, can be located at or near� (more)
Mitra, Parag
Optimal power capturing of multi-MW wind generation system
Recently, an increasing number of multi-MW (1MW and up) wind generation systems are being developed and variable speed-variable pitch (VS-VP) control technology is usually adopted to improve the fast response speed and obtain the optimal energy, which ... Keywords: adaptive fuzzy proportional integral derivative, doubly-fed induction generator, hydraulic variable pitch mechanism, optimal, variable speed-variable pitch, wind turbine
Kong Yigang; Wang Zhixin
Emergency Diesel Generator Digital Control System Upgrade Requirements
This interim report documents the development of system requirements for a digital control system upgrade to the station emergency diesel generators (EDGs). Operators of nuclear power plants (NPPs) must be able to replace and upgrade equipment in a cost-effective manner while continuing to meet safety and reliability requirements and controlling modification costs. Upgrades to plant equipment�especially instrumentation and control (I&C) systems�typically involve replacement of analog ...
Nuclear Maintenance Applications Center: Emergency Diesel Generator Control Systems
Emergency diesel generators (EDGs) have been a subject of industry attention since the 1980s because of their importance to plant safety, and a key point of focus has been their control systems. To support long-term reliability and availability of EDG control systems, the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) has developed this report, which highlights maintenance tasks and strategies that can reduce failures of control system components. The report draws from the knowledge of industry EDG experts and...
Turbine-Generator Auxiliary Systems, Volume 2: Turbine Steam Seal System Maintenance Guide
The Turbine-Generator Auxiliary Systems, Volume 2: Turbine Steam Seal System Maintenance Guide provides nuclear and fossil plant personnel with operation and maintenance guidance on the turbine steam seal system components.
Robust Generator System Using PM Assisted Synchronous Reluctance Generator with Current-fed Drive
The growth of embedded generation and portable electrical installations has led to an increased demand for low cost, flexible and reliable generator systems for military and commercial applications. An interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine has high power density due to its reluctance torque and magnetic torque components so it can produce a large constant power-speed range. However, an IPM machine needs demagnetizing current at high-speed during the flux-weakening region and thus develops an inverter shutdown problem in an uncontrolled generator mode operation. In order to overcome the disadvantages of the IPM machine, the permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance generator (PMa-SynRG) can be a good solution for low cost, high efficiency reliable generator systems. A PMa-SynRG can produce a high efficiency drive by utilizing the proper amount of magnet and reluctance torque. This work proposes a PMa-SynRG with two flux barriers and permanent magnets embedded in the second layer of the rotor. A neodymium magnet (NdFeB) was used as permanent magnets in the rotor to prevent demagnetization. Finding the minimum amount of magnet is one of the goals of the optimization process. The objectives of this work are to build an optimal design for the 3kW generator and an advanced power electronics converter for the PMa-SynRG drive system. In order to find the optimized 3kW machine, a Lumped Parameter Model (LPM) was used to achieve fast computation, and Differential Evolution Strategy (DES) was used to embed the LPM in an efficient numerical optimization routine to identify optimum designs. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was used for test performance of optimum designs. On the basis of differences between LPM and FEA, model predictions were used to fine tune the LPM model. For new optimum design converges, numerical optimizations and iterations were performed to produce LPM and FEA predictions. For the drive system, the thyristor based, current-fed drive is much simpler and has lower power losses compared to the pulse width modulation (PWM) drive. Eliminating the requirement for self-controlled switches is a distinct advantage for lower cost. Another feature of the developed current-fed drive is its inherent capability to provide generating action by making the PMa-SynRG operates as a generator, rectifying the phase voltages by means of the three-phase rectifier and feeding the power into the load. These features make the current-fed drive a good candidate for driving any type of synchronous generators including the proposed PMa-SynRG.
Baek, Jeihoon
Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector
Distributed Generation System Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector August 2013 Independent Statistics & Analysis www.eia.gov U.S. Department of Energy Washington, DC 20585 U.S. Energy Information Administration | Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Costs in the Buildings Sector i This report was prepared by the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA), the statistical and analytical agency within the U.S. Department of Energy. By law, EIA's data, analyses, and forecasts are independent of approval by any other officer or employee of the United States Government. The views in this report therefore should not be construed as representing those of the U.S. Department of Energy or other Federal agencies.
Impact of Distributed Generation and Series Compensation on Distribution Network
are investigated. A doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG)-based DG unit and a series capacitor (SC) and a thyristor DFIG units. The converter of the DFIG is modeled as an unbalanced harmonic-generating source
Pota, Himanshu Roy
Huddle: automatically generating interfaces for systems of multiple connected appliances
Systems of connected appliances, such as home theaters and presentation rooms, are becoming commonplace in our homes and workplaces. These systems are often difficult to use, in part because users must determine how to split the tasks they wish to perform into sub-tasks for each appliance and then find the particular functions of each appliance to complete their sub-tasks. This paper describes Huddle, a new system that automatically generates taskbased interfaces for a system of multiple appliances based on models of the content flow within the multi-appliance system. ACM Classification: H5.2 [Information interfaces and
Jeffrey Nichols; On Rothrock; Duen Horng Chau; Brad A. Myers
Distributed Generation Implementation Guidelines: Siting, Environmental Permitting, and Licensing
In 1997, EPRI conducted a study of how distributed generation (DG) was implemented at approximately 125 facilities in California and throughout the Midwest. The results of that study, as well as subsequent interviews with key facilities done the following year, enabled EPRI to present guidelines representative of a "best practices" approach to implementing and operating a DG facility based on the experience of others.
Distributed Generation Implementation Guidelines: Operations, Maintenance and Training
In 1997, EPRI conducted a study of how distributed generation (DG) was implemented at approximately 125 facilities in California and throughout the Midwest. Results of that study, as well as subsequent interviews with key facilities done the following year, enabled EPRI to develop guidelines representative of a "best practices" approach to implementing and operating a DG facility based on the experience of others.
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC during the October 2002 to December 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The following activities have been carried out during this reporting period: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} Part-load performance analysis was conducted {lg_bullet} Primary system concept was down-selected {lg_bullet} Dynamic control model has been developed {lg_bullet} Preliminary heat exchanger designs were prepared {lg_bullet} Pressurized SOFC endurance testing was performed
Nguyen Minh; Faress Rahman
Maximum power tracking control scheme for wind generator systems
The purpose of this work is to develop a maximum power tracking control strategy for variable speed wind turbine systems. Modern wind turbine control systems are slow, and they depend on the design parameters of the turbine and use wind and/or rotor speed measurements as control variable inputs. The dependence on the accuracy of the measurement devices makes the controller less reliable. The proposed control scheme is based on the stiff system concept and provides a fast response and a dynamic solution to the complicated aerodynamic system. This control scheme provides a response to the wind changes without the knowledge of wind speed and turbine parameters. The system consists of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), a passive rectifier, a dc/dc boost converter, a current controlled voltage source inverter, and a microcontroller that commands the dc/dc converter to control the generator for maximum power extraction. The microcontroller will also be able to control the current output of the three-phase inverter. In this work, the aerodynamic characteristics of wind turbines and the power conversion system topology are explained. The maximum power tracking control algorithm with a variable step estimator is introduced and the modeling and simulation of the wind turbine generator system using the MATLAB/SIMULINK� software is presented and its results show, at least in principle, that the maximum power tracking algorithm developed is suitable for wind turbine generation systems.
Mena Lopez, Hugo Eduardo
System for generating power with top pressure of blast furnaces
A system for generating power with the top pressure of a plurality of blast furnaces by leading a gas from the top of the furnaces into turbines, corresponding in number to the furnaces, to convert the pressure of the gas into rotational energy and generate power by a generator coupled to the turbines. The turbines connected to the furnaces by main gas channels individually are aligned with their rotor shafts connected together into a single shaft which is connected to the generator. Preferably each pair of the adjacent turbines are arranged with their intake ends positioned in the center of the arrangement so that the gas flows toward the exhaust ends at both sides, or with their intake ends positioned at both sides to cause the gas to flow toward the exhaust ends in the center. The single shaft connecting the pair of turbines together has no intermediate bearing between these turbines.
Kihara, H.; Mizota, T.; Ohmachi, M.; Takao, K.; Toki, K.; Tomita, Y.
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the July 2003 to December 2003 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. Also, another activity included in this program focuses on the development of SOFC scale up strategies.
Faress Rahman; Nguyen Minh
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) during the January to June 2004 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. Also, another activity included in this program focuses on the development of SOFC scale up strategies.
Nguyen Minh
A new Fourier method for evaluating generation system reliability indices
A new, robust, and computationally efficient Fourier method for evaluating the loss of load probability and expected value of energy not served in a generation system is presented in this paper. An efficient algorithm is developed for computing the transformed probability density function of outages of all the generating units of the system. The fast Fourier transform algorithm is then used for transforming the load duration curve, and for inverse transformation of the product of the transformed outage function and the transformed load duration curve. As the method does not involve any approximation, it is expected to yield highly accurate results in all situations. Being a Fourier domain method, significant saving in computational effort results for systems with identical units. The application of the method is illustrated for a typical medium-sized system.
Mohan, P.; Balasubramanian, R.; Prakasa, K.S.
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) system using coal gasification is an important approach for future energy options. This work focuses on understading the system operation and optimizing it in the presence of uncertain operating conditions using ASPEN Plus and CAPE-OPEN compliant stochastic simulation and multiobjective optimization capabilities developed by Vishwamitra Research Institute. The feasible operating surface for the IGCC system is generated and deterministic multiobjective optimization is performed. Since the feasible operating space is highly non-convex, heuristics based techniques that do not require gradient information are used to generate the Pareto surface. Accurate CFD models are simultaneously developed for the gasifier and chemical looping combustion system to characterize and quantify the process uncertainty in the ASPEN model.
Juan M. Salazar; Urmila M. Diwekar; Stephen E. Zitney
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator transportation system subsystem 143 software development plan
This plan describes the activities to be performed and the controls to be applied to the process of specifying, developing, and qualifying the data acquisition software for the Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) Transportation System Subsystem 143 Instrumentation and Data Acquisition System (IDAS). This plan will serve as a software quality assurance plan, a verification and validation (V and V) plan, and a configuration management plan.
King, D.A.
Distributed Generation Market Study: Advanced Turbine System Program
The ultra high efficiency, environmental superiority, and cost competitiveness of advanced turbine systems (ATSs) makes them attractive candidates for use in the near future in distributed generation applications. This study found that ATS engines with the cost and performance characteristics provided by Allison Engine Company (Allison) could have a significant regional market in the 2000-2005 time period.
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC during the January 2003 to June 2003 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a micro-turbine. In addition, an activity included in this program focuses on the development of an integrated coal gasification fuel cell system concept based on planar SOFC technology. This report summarizes the results obtained to date on: System performance analysis and model optimization; Reliability and cost model development; System control including dynamic model development; Heat exchanger material tests and life analysis; Pressurized SOFC evaluation; and Pre-baseline system definition for coal gasification fuel cell system concept.
Distributed Generation Study/Patterson Farms CHP System Using Renewable
Farms CHP System Using Renewable Farms CHP System Using Renewable Biogas < Distributed Generation Study Jump to: navigation, search Study Location Auburn, New York Site Description Agricultural Study Type Field Test Technology Internal Combustion Engine Prime Mover Caterpillar G379 Heat Recovery Systems Built-in Fuel Biogas System Installer Martin Machinery System Enclosure Dedicated Shelter System Application Combined Heat and Power Number of Prime Movers 1 Stand-alone Capability None Power Rating 200 kW0.2 MW 200,000 W 200,000,000 mW 2.0e-4 GW 2.0e-7 TW Nominal Voltage (V) 480 Heat Recovery Rating (BTU/hr) 1366072 Cooling Capacity (Refrig/Tons) Origin of Controller 3rd Party Custom Made Component Integration Customer Assembled Start Date 2007/05/02 Monitoring Termination Date 2007/05/26
Reliability Improvement Programs in Steam Distribution and Power Generation Systems
This paper will present alternatives to costly corrective maintenance of the steam trap and condensate return system, and the paybacks associated with instituting a program of planned maintenance management of that system. Energy costs can be reduced by 10% and maintenance costs by 20%, while achieving other tangible improvements in the reliability and efficiency of the system. Recent studies have shown that more than 40% of all installed steam traps and 20% of certain types of valves need some form of corrective action. The majority of all high backpressure problems in condensate return systems are due to poor design criteria. in expandlng or retrofitting existing return systems. By instituting a maintenance management program, a 95% reliability can be gained within two to four annual maintenance cycles. The associated operational problems can be greatly reduced. The maintenance management concept involves: 1) centralized project management; 2) diagnostic and inspection expertise; 3) system troubleshooting; 4) data analysis, reporting and recommendations; 5) maintenance repairs and follow-up; and 6) software and data base management. Several case studies, in which the concept has been successfully applied, will be presented. Energy costs, which have been on the rise for the past ten years, have now leveled off due to global supply and demand issues. But that is not true of the costs to maintain capital equipment such as steam distribution and power generation systems. Those costs continue to rise. If the basic principles of maintenance management are applied, when upgrading poorly maintained steam systems, those upgraded systems can be a fast payback of savings in energy, manpower and inventory. Three major areas where the savings can be gained are the steam traps, valve and condensate return systems. Such systems can be found in power generation, steam distribution, and in all types of durable and non-durable industrial productions.
Petto, S.
Next Generation Power Systems Inc | Open Energy Information
Next Generation Power Systems Inc Next Generation Power Systems Inc Jump to: navigation, search Name Next Generation Power Systems Inc. Place Pipestone, Minnesota Zip 56164 Sector Services, Wind energy Product NextGen is a full-service company that provides site analysis, maintenance, and installation services for small-scale wind turbines and PV systems. Coordinates 43.99413°, -96.317104° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":43.99413,"lon":-96.317104,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Craziness-based PSO with wavelet mutation for transient performance augmentation of thermal system connected to grid
In this paper, a conventional thermal power plant with single stage reheat turbine is taken into consideration. It is equipped with AVR, IEEE type dual input PSS3B and integral controlled AGC loop. A hybrid distributed generation (DG) system consisting ... Keywords: Aqua electrolyzer, Capacitive energy storage, Craziness-based particle swarm optimization with wavelet mutation, Diesel engine generator, Fuel cell, Wavelet mutation, Wind turbine generator
A. Chatterjee; S. P. Ghoshal; V. Mukherjee
Next Generation Nuclear Plant Resilient Control System Functional Analysis
Control Systems and their associated instrumentation must meet reliability, availability, maintainability, and resiliency criteria in order for high temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs) to be economically competitive. Research, perhaps requiring several years, may be needed to develop control systems to support plant availability and resiliency. This report functionally analyzes the gaps between traditional and resilient control systems as applicable to HTGRs, which includes the Next Generation Nuclear Plant; defines resilient controls; assesses the current state of both traditional and resilient control systems; and documents the functional gaps existing between these two controls approaches as applicable to HTGRs. This report supports the development of an overall strategy for applying resilient controls to HTGRs by showing that control systems with adequate levels of resilience perform at higher levels, respond more quickly to disturbances, increase operational efficiency, and increase public protection.
Lynne M. Stevens
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the October 2001 to December 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The conceptual and demonstration system designs were proposed and analyzed, and these systems have been modeled in Aspen Plus. Work has also started on the assembly of dynamic component models and the development of the top-level controls requirements for the system. SOFC stacks have been fabricated and performance mapping initiated.
Kurt Montgomery; Nguyen Minh
Recovered Energy Generation Using an Organic Rankine Cycle System
This paper describes the results of a project demonstrating the technical and economic feasibility of capturing thermal energy from a 35,000 hp (27 MW) gas turbine driving a natural gas pipeline compressor with a Recovered Energy Generation (REG) system to produce 5.5 MW of electricity with no additional fuel and near-zero emissions. The REG is based on a modified Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC). Other major system elements include a waste-heat-to-oil heat exchanger with bypass, oil-to-pentane heat exchanger with preheater, recuperator, condenser, pentane turbine, generator and synchronizing breaker and all power and control systems required for the automatic operation of the REG. When operating at design heat input available from the gas turbine exhaust, the REG system consistently delivered 5.5 MW or more output to the grid at up to 15 percent heat conversion efficiency. The REG system improved the overall energy efficiency by 28%, from 32% simple cycle efficiency to 41% for the combined system. Significant lessons learned from this project are discussed as well as measured performance and economic considerations.
Leslie, Neil [Gas Technology Institute; Sweetser, Richard [Exergy Partners Corp.; Zimron, Ohad [Ormat; Stovall, Therese K [ORNL
On the CRAY-System Random Number Generator
erator Karl Entacher University of Salzburg Department of Mathematics Salzburg, Austria E-mail: email@example.com We present a theoretical and empirical analysis of the quality of the CRAY-system random number generator RANF in parallel settings. Subsequences of this generator are used to obtain parallel streams of random numbers for each processor. We use the spectral test to analyze the quality of lagged subsequences of RANF with step sizes 2 , l 1, appropriate for CRAY systems. Our results demonstrate that with increasing l, the quality of lagged subsequences is strongly reduced in comparison to the original sequence. The results are supported by a numerical Monte Carlo integration study. We also use the spectral test to exhibit the well known longrange correlations between consecutive blocks of random numbers obtained from RANF. Keywords: Random number ge
Harl Entacher
CDCA Final EIS for Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System
CALIFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION AREA PLAN CALIFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION AREA PLAN AMENDMENT / FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT FOR IVANPAH SOLAR ELECTRIC GENERATING SYSTEM FEIS-10-31 JULY 2010 BLM/CA/ES-2010-010+1793 In Reply Refer To: In reply refer to: 1610-5.G.1.4 2800lCACA-48668 Dear Reader: Enclosed is the proposed California Desert Conservation Area Plan Amendment and Final Environmental Impact Statement (CDCA Plan Amendment/FEIS) for the Ivanpah Solar Electric Generating System (ISEGS) project. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) prepared the CDCA Plan Amendment/FEIS for the ISEGS project in consultation with cooperating agencies and California State agencies, taking into account public comments received during the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) process. The proposed plan amendment adds the Ivanpah
Analysis of a heat exchanger-thermoelectric generator system
Analysis of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) in an ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) application is presented. An analytic model is developed for describing the heat exchanger-TEG interactions. This model is used to illustrate limitations of applying conventional fixed junction temperature assumptions to systems experiencing significant temperature drops across the heat exchanger surfaces. Design methods are developed for determining the thermoelectric element geometry that produces maximum output power. Results show that a heat exchanger-TEG system may deliver about 100 W/m/sup 2/ of heat exchanger surface. This compares favorably with conventional OTEC schemes.
Henderson, J.
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the January 2002 to March 2002 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. For this reporting period the following activities have been carried out: {lg_bullet} Conceptual system design trade studies were performed {lg_bullet} System-level performance model was created {lg_bullet} Dynamic control models are being developed {lg_bullet} Mechanical properties of candidate heat exchanger materials were investigated {lg_bullet} SOFC performance mapping as a function of flow rate and pressure was completed
N ATIONAL L ABORATORY Distributed Generation Capabilities ofemployer. LBNL-52432 Distributed Generation Capabilities of1.1 Definition of Distributed Generation and Interpretation
A Locational Analysis of Generation Benefits on Long Island, NewYork
Beginning in April of 2004, nine sites owned by Verizon began to participate in the Long Island Real Time Purchasing Pilot Project (LIRTP) as retail choice customers. LIRTP was designed to minimize electricity costs for retail customers who own on-site distributed generation (DG) units in the near-term, and to stabilize overall electricity costs in the long-term. The nine Verizon buildings have two types of DG units: gas turbines with an estimated generation cost of $156/MWh, and diesel units with an estimated cost of $120/MWh. Due to total site emission limits, the operable hours of the DG units are limited. To estimate the economic value of running on-site DG units, an analysis of the New York Independent System Operator (NYISO) Locational Based Marginal Price (LBMP) data for Long Island was conducted, mainly covering the summer months from 2000 to 2004. Distributions of LBMP, relationship between LBMP and load, and estimates of profitable operating hours for the units were all analyzed. Since Long Island is a diverse and highly congested area, LBMP varies greatly. Looking at the data statistically offers a zone-wide viewpoint, while using spatial analysis shows the LBMP intrazonal differentiation. LBMP is currently used by NYISO for pricing in the 11 NY control zones. Because geographic information systems (GIS) visualize the distribution of a phenomenon over space, it clarifies where load and generation nodes are located, and where load reduction would be most valuable. This study is based on the assumption that the control zone areas do not fully represent the diversity of pricing, and that intrazonal pricing can be analyzed to determine where and when electricity conservation or injection into the network is most valuable.
Wang, Juan; Cohen, Jesse; Edwards, Jennifer; Marnay, Chris
Generating color terrain images in an emergency response system
The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) provides real-time assessments of the consequences resulting from an atmospheric release of radioactive material. In support of this operation, a system has been created which integrates numerical models, data acquisition systems, data analysis techniques, and professional staff. Of particular importance is the rapid generation of graphical images of the terrain surface in the vicinity of the accident site. A terrain data base and an associated acquisition system have been developed that provide the required terrain data. This data is then used as input to a collection of graphics programs which create and display realistic color images of the terrain. The graphics system currently has the capability of generating color shaded relief images from both overhead and perspective viewpoints within minutes. These images serve to quickly familiarize ARAC assessors with the terrain near the release location, and thus permit them to make better informed decisions in modeling the behavior of the released material. 7 refs., 8 figs.
Belles, R.D.
SCMS-1, Superconducting Magnet System for an MHD generator
The research and development effort connected with the building of the superconducting magnet systems for MHD generators at the Institute for High Temperatures of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences included the designing, fabrication and testing of the superconducting magnet system for an MHD generator (SCMS-1), producing a magnetic field up to 4 Tesla in a warm bore tube 300 mm in diameter and 1000 mm long (the nonuniformity of the magnetic field in the warm bore did not exceed +-5%. The superconducting magnet system is described. The design selected consisted of a dipole, saddle-form coil, wound around a tube. The cooling of the coils is of the external type with helium access to each layer of the winding. For winding of the superconducting magnet system a 49-strand cable was used consisting of 42 composition conductors, having a diameter of 0.3 mm each, containing six superconducting strands with a niobium-titanium alloy base (the superconducting strands were 70 microns in diameter), and seven copper conductors of the same diameter as the composite conductors. The cable is made monolithic with high purity indium and insulated with lavsan fiber. The cable diameter with insulation is 3.5 mm. (WHK)
Zenkevich, V.B.; Kirenin, I.A.; Tovma, V.A.
Control of Combined Storage and Generation in Dynamic Distribution Systems
Battery energy storage units provide an added degree of freedom to a microgrid that allows time-shifting between the generation and use of energy. Microgrid energy storage elements are very similar to any other inverter-based source with the exception of bi-directional power flow capabilities. Having the ability to generate and accept power means that the demand and the supply can be disparate by as far as the power capabilities of the energy storage unit allow. This enables combined heat power systems to support a heat load demand independent of local electric power demand. Having an energy storage element on standby also allows for a certain amount of immediately available power to reduce the need for idling or lightly loaded rotating generators under the n-1 stability criterion. The relative speed of any inverter based source allows a sub-cycle change in power output to ensure that dynamic loads will be supplied regardless of the slow reaction of larger rotating sources that require seconds of response time to transients. Thirdly, they can act as a UPS system during grid faults, providing backup power for some time even for non-essential loads while the microgrid is islanded. Lastly, the energy storage element can provide an economic and/or logistical advantage by
Certs Microgrid; Robert Lasseter; Micah Erickson
Impact of wind generators on the stability of power system network
This paper investigates the impacts of wind generators on the transient stability of a small power system. Two types of wind generators are considered, a fixed speed and variable speed induction generators. The behavior of synchronous generator's rotor ... Keywords: distributed generators, fixed and variable speed wind generators, transient stability
K. A. Folly; K. Tjiuma
This report summarizes the work performed by Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (HPGS) under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC2601NT40779 for the US Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DoE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a gas turbine. A conceptual hybrid system design was selected for analysis and evaluation. The selected system is estimated to have over 65% system efficiency, a first cost of approximately $650/kW, and a cost of electricity of 8.4 cents/kW-hr. A control strategy and conceptual control design have been developed for the system. A number of SOFC module tests have been completed to evaluate the pressure impact to performance stability. The results show that the operating pressure accelerates the performance degradation. Several experiments were conducted to explore the effects of pressure on carbon formation. Experimental observations on a functioning cell have verified that carbon deposition does not occur in the cell at steam-to-carbon ratios lower than the steady-state design point for hybrid systems. Heat exchanger design, fabrication and performance testing as well as oxidation testing to support heat exchanger life analysis were also conducted. Performance tests of the prototype heat exchanger yielded heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics consistent with the heat exchanger specification. Multicell stacks have been tested and performance maps were obtained under hybrid operating conditions. Successful and repeatable fabrication of large (>12-inch diameter) planar SOFC cells was demonstrated using the tape calendering process. A number of large area cells and stacks were successfully performance tested at ambient and pressurized conditions. A 25 MW plant configuration was selected with projected system efficiency of over 65% and a factory cost of under $400/kW. The plant design is modular and can be scaled to both higher and lower plant power ratings. Integrated gasification fuel cell systems or IGFCs were developed and analyzed for plant sizes in excess of 200 MW. Two alternative integration configurations were selected with projected system efficiency of over 53% on a HHV basis, or about 10 percentage points higher than that of the state-of-the-art Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) systems.
WEB RESOURCE: Generation IV Systems and Materials - TMS
Feb 12, 2007... Sandbox, Open Discussion Regarding Materials for Nuclear Power ... The presentation covers: the Generation IV initiative, Generation IV�...
Next Generation Trusted Radiation Identification System (NG-TRIS).
The original Trusted Radiation Identification System (TRIS) was developed from 1999-2001, featuring information barrier technology to collect gamma radiation template measurements useful for arms control regime operations. The first TRIS design relied upon a multichannel analyzer (MCA) that was external to the protected volume of the system enclosure, undesirable from a system security perspective. An internal complex programmable logic device (CPLD) contained data which was not subject to software authentication. Physical authentication of the TRIS instrument case was performed by a sensitive but slow eddy-current inspection method. This paper describes progress to date for the Next Generation TRIS (NG-TRIS), which improves the TRIS design. We have incorporated the MCA internal to the trusted system volume, achieved full authentication of CPLD data, and have devised rapid methods to authenticate the system enclosure and weld seals of the NG-TRIS enclosure. For a complete discussion of the TRIS system and components upon which NG-TRIS is based, the reader is directed to the comprehensive user's manual and system reference of Seager, et al.
Flynn, Adam J.; Amai, Wendy A.; Merkle, Peter Benedict; Anderson, Lawrence Frederick; Strother, Jerry D.; Weber, Thomas M.; Etzkin, Joshua L.
Distributed Generation Systems Inc DISGEN | Open Energy Information
DISGEN DISGEN Jump to: navigation, search Name Distributed Generation Systems Inc (DISGEN) Place Lakewood, Colorado Zip 80228 Sector Wind energy Product Developer of Green Mountain (10.4 MW) and Ponnequin (16 MW) wind generation projects in the US. Manages everything from site selection through construction. Coordinates 45.300538°, -88.522572° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":45.300538,"lon":-88.522572,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
CDIF-MHD generator system conceptual design. Final report
The objective of this Program is to conduct a conceptual design of an MHD Generator System (MHD) to be coupled to candidate development coal-fired MHD combustion chambers at the MHD Component Development and Integration Facility (CDIF) for the purpose of developing design techniques utilized for the design of large MHD generators. The MHD is to be designed for continuous operation. A hexagonal cross section, diagonal conducting wall configuration operating in the supersonic mixed impulse-reaction mode with an inlet Mach number of 1.59 and with a uniform magnetic field of four Tesla throughout were selected. The design operating conditions and performance are presented, and a design analysis is included. (WHK)
System and method for generating current by selective electron heating
A system for the generation of toroidal current in a plasma which is prepared in a toroidal magnetic field. The system utilizes the injection of high-frequency waves into the plasma by means of waveguides. The wave frequency and polarization are chosen such that when the waveguides are tilted in a predetermined fashion, the wave energy is absorbed preferentially by electrons traveling in one toroidal direction. The absorption of energy in this manner produces a toroidal electric current even when the injected waves themselves do not have substantial toroidal momentum. This current can be continuously maintained at modest cost in power and may be used to confine the plasma. The system can operate efficiently on fusion grade tokamak plasmas.
Fisch, Nathaniel J. (Princeton, NJ); Boozer, Allen H. (Rocky Hill, NJ)
This report summarizes the work performed by Honeywell during the July 2001 to September 2001 reporting period under Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-01NT40779 for the U. S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DOE/NETL) entitled ''Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation''. The main objective of this project is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. An internal program kickoff was held at Honeywell in Torrance, CA. The program structure was outlined and the overall technical approach for the program was presented to the team members. Detail program schedules were developed and detailed objectives were defined. Initial work has begun on the system design and pressurized SOFC operation.
Western Renewable Energy Generation Information System | Open Energy
Information System Information System Jump to: navigation, search Name Western Renewable Energy Generation Information System Place Sacramento, California Zip 95814-5504 Sector Renewable Energy Product WREGIS tracks renewable energy certificates throughout the Western Interconnection. Coordinates 38.579065°, -121.491014° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":38.579065,"lon":-121.491014,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Effects of Power System Harmonics on Distribution Transformer Insulation Performance.
??Floating feeder resonances are one of the new challenges being put forward by the renewable energy based distributed generation (DG) installations. Generally, the harmonic injection� (more)
Hamid, Muhammad
Impact assessment of wind generation on the operations of a power system
The impact of intermittent wind generation on the operations of the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) power system is investigated. The operations of the TVA power system are outlined, and the hypothetical reconfiguration of the TVA transmission system to accommodate wind generation is described. Simulations and analyses of wind generation impacts on unit commitment, unit predispatch, and automatic control of generation are also presented.
Sadanandan, N.D.; Hilson, D.W.; Morris, K.W.; Needham, M.E.; Sendaula, M.
Dynamic average-value modeling of doubly-fed induction generator wind energy conversion systems.
??In a Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind energy conversion system, the rotor of a wound rotor induction generator is connected to the grid via a� (more)
Shahab, Azin
Slack bus modeling for distributed generation and its impacts on distribution system analysis, operation and planning.
??Distribution system operating environments are changing rapidly. Proper distributed generation placement and operating will bring benefits for supporting voltage, reducing system loss, enhancing system reliability,� (more)
Tong, Shiqiong
An integrated system to utilize the waste coal mine methane (CMM) at the Federal No. 2 Coal Mine in West Virginia was designed and built. The system includes power generation, using internal combustion engines, along with gas processing equipment to upgrade sub-quality waste methane to pipeline quality standards. The power generation has a nominal capacity of 1,200 kw and the gas processing system can treat about 1 million cubic feet per day (1 MMCFD) of gas. The gas processing is based on the Northwest Fuel Development, Inc. (NW Fuel) proprietary continuous pressure swing adsorption (CPSA) process that can remove nitrogen from CMM streams. The two major components of the integrated system are synergistic. The byproduct gas stream from the gas processing equipment can be used as fuel for the power generating equipment. In return, the power generating equipment provides the nominal power requirements of the gas processing equipment. This Phase III effort followed Phase I, which was comprised of a feasibility study for the project, and Phase II, where the final design for the commercial-scale demonstration was completed. The fact that NW Fuel is desirous of continuing to operate the equipment on a commercial basis provides the validation for having advanced the project through all of these phases. The limitation experienced by the project during Phase III was that the CMM available to operate the CPSA system on a commercial basis was not of sufficiently high quality. NW Fuel's CPSA process is limited in its applicability, requiring a relatively high quality of gas as the feed to the process. The CPSA process was demonstrated during Phase III for a limited time, during which the processing capabilities met the expected results, but the process was never capable of providing pipeline quality gas from the available low quality CMM. The NW Fuel CPSA process is a low-cost ''polishing unit'' capable of removing a few percent nitrogen. It was never intended to process CMM streams containing high levels of nitrogen, as is now the case at the Federal No.2 Mine. Even lacking the CPSA pipeline delivery demonstration, the project was successful in laying the groundwork for future commercial applications of the integrated system. This operation can still provide a guide for other coal mines which need options for utilization of their methane resources. The designed system can be used as a complete template, or individual components of the system can be segregated and utilized separately at other mines. The use of the CMM not only provides an energy fuel from an otherwise wasted resource, but it also yields an environmental benefit by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The methane has twenty times the greenhouse effect as compared to carbon dioxide, which the combustion of the methane generates. The net greenhouse gas emission mitigation is substantial.
Peet M. Soot; Dale R. Jesse; Michael E. Smith
A multidisciplined team led by the United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) and consisting of Pratt & Whitney Power Systems (PWPS), the University of North Dakota Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), KraftWork Systems, Inc. (kWS), and the Connecticut Resource Recovery Authority (CRRA) has evaluated a variety of gasified biomass fuels, integrated into advanced gas turbine-based power systems. The team has concluded that a biomass integrated gasification combined-cycle (BIGCC) plant with an overall integrated system efficiency of 45% (HHV) at emission levels of less than half of New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) is technically and economically feasible. The higher process efficiency in itself reduces consumption of premium fuels currently used for power generation including those from foreign sources. In addition, the advanced gasification process can be used to generate fuels and chemicals, such as low-cost hydrogen and syngas for chemical synthesis, as well as baseload power. The conceptual design of the plant consists of an air-blown circulating fluidized-bed Advanced Transport Gasifier and a PWPS FT8 TwinPac{trademark} aeroderivative gas turbine operated in combined cycle to produce {approx}80 MWe. This system uses advanced technology commercial products in combination with components in advanced development or demonstration stages, thereby maximizing the opportunity for early implementation. The biofueled power system was found to have a levelized cost of electricity competitive with other new power system alternatives including larger scale natural gas combined cycles. The key elements are: (1) An Advanced Transport Gasifier (ATG) circulating fluid-bed gasifier having wide fuel flexibility and high gasification efficiency; (2) An FT8 TwinPac{trademark}-based combined cycle of approximately 80 MWe; (3) Sustainable biomass primary fuel source at low cost and potentially widespread availability-refuse-derived fuel (RDF); (4) An overall integrated system that exceeds the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) goal of 40% (HHV) efficiency at emission levels well below the DOE suggested limits; and (5) An advanced biofueled power system whose levelized cost of electricity can be competitive with other new power system alternatives.
David Liscinsky
A robust SN-DG-approximation for radiation transport in optically thick and diffusive regimes
We introduce a new discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method with reduced upwind stabilization for the linear Boltzmann equation applied to particle transport. The asymptotic analysis demonstrates that the new formulation does not suffer from the limitations ... Keywords: Discontinuous Galerkin, Radiation transport, Thick diffusion limit, Upwind technique
J. C. Ragusa; J. -L. Guermond; G. Kanschat
System and method for generating motion corrected tomographic images
A method and related system for generating motion corrected tomographic images includes the steps of illuminating a region of interest (ROI) to be imaged being part of an unrestrained live subject and having at least three spaced apart optical markers thereon. Simultaneous images are acquired from a first and a second camera of the markers from different angles. Motion data comprising 3D position and orientation of the markers relative to an initial reference position is then calculated. Motion corrected tomographic data obtained from the ROI using the motion data is then obtained, where motion corrected tomographic images obtained therefrom.
Gleason, Shaun S. (Knoxville, TN); Goddard, Jr., James S. (Knoxville, TN)
Distributed Generation Investment by a Microgrid under Uncertainty
This paper examines a California-based microgrid?s decision to invest in a distributed generation (DG) unit fuelled by natural gas. While the long-term natural gas generation cost is stochastic, we initially assume that the microgrid may purchase electricity at a fixed retail rate from its utility. Using the real options approach, we find a natural gas generation cost threshold that triggers DG investment. Furthermore, the consideration of operational flexibility by the microgrid increases DG investment, while the option to disconnect from the utility is not attractive. By allowing the electricity price to be stochastic, we next determine an investment threshold boundary and find that high electricity price volatility relative to that of natural gas generation cost delays investment while simultaneously increasing the value of the investment. We conclude by using this result to find the implicit option value of the DG unit when two sources of uncertainty exist.
Marnay, Chris; Siddiqui, Afzal; Marnay, Chris
Distributed Generation Investment by a Microgrid UnderUncertainty
This paper examines a California-based microgrid s decision to invest in a distributed generation (DG) unit that operates on natural gas. While the long-term natural gas generation cost is stochastic, we initially assume that the microgrid may purchase electricity at a fixed retail rate from its utility. Using the real options approach, we find natural gas generating cost thresholds that trigger DG investment. Furthermore, the consideration of operational flexibility by the microgrid accelerates DG investment, while the option to disconnect entirely from the utility is not attractive. By allowing the electricity price to be stochastic, we next determine an investment threshold boundary and find that high electricity price volatility relative to that of natural gas generating cost delays investment while simultaneously increasing the value of the investment. We conclude by using this result to find the implicit option value of the DG unit.
Tidal Energy System for On-Shore Power Generation
Addressing the urgent need to develop LCOE competitive renewable energy solutions for US energy security and to replace fossil-fuel generation with the associated benefits to environment impacts including a reduction in CO2 emissions, this Project focused on the advantages of using hydraulic energy transfer (HET) in large-scale Marine Hydrokinetic (MHK) systems for harvesting off-shore tidal energy in US waters. A recent DOE resource assessment, identifies water power resources have a potential to meet 15% of the US electric supply by 2030, with MHK technologies being a major component. The work covered a TRL-4 laboratory proof-in-concept demonstration plus modeling of a 15MW full scale system based on an approach patented by NASA-JPL, in which submerged high-ratio gearboxes and electrical generators in conventional MHK turbine systems are replaced by a submerged hydraulic radial pump coupled to on-shore hydraulic motors driving a generator. The advantages are; first, the mean-time-between-failure (MTBF), or maintenance, can be extended from approximately 1 to 5 years and second, the range of tidal flow speeds which can be efficiently harvested can be extended beyond that of a conventional submerged generator. The approach uses scalable, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components, facilitating scale-up and commercialization. All the objectives of the Project have been successfully met (1) A TRL4 system was designed, constructed and tested. It simulates a tidal energy turbine, with a 2-m diameter blade in up to a 2.9 m/sec flow. The system consists of a drive motor assembly providing appropriate torque and RPM, attached to a radial piston pump. The pump circulates pressurized, environmentally-friendly, HEES hydraulic fluid in a closed loop to an axial piston motor which drives an electrical generator, with a resistive load. The performance of the components, subsystems and system were evaluated during simulated tidal cycles. The pump is contained in a tank for immersion testing. The COTS pump and motor were selected to scale to MW size and were oversized for the TRL-4 demonstration, operating at only 1-6% of rated values. Nevertheless, in for 2-18 kW drive power, in agreement with manufacturer performance data, we measured efficiencies of 85-90% and 75-80% for the pump and motor, respectively. These efficiencies being 95-96% at higher operating powers. (2) Two follow-on paths were identified. In both cases conventional turbine systems can be modified, replacing existing gear box and generator with a hydraulic pump and on-shore components. On a conventional path, a TRL5/6 15kW turbine system can be engineered and tested on a barge at an existing site in Maine. Alternatively, on an accelerated path, a TRL-8 100kW system can be engineered and tested by modifying a team member's existing MHK turbines, with barge and grid-connected test sites in-place. On both paths the work can be expedited and cost effective by reusing TRL-4 components, modifying existing turbines and using established test sites. (3) Sizing, performance modeling and costing of a scaled 15MW system, suitable for operation in Maine's Western Passage, was performed. COTS components are identified and the performance projections are favorable. The estimated LCOE is comparable to wind generation with peak production at high demand times. (4) We determined that a similar HET approach can be extended to on-shore and off-shore wind turbine systems. These are very large energy resources which can be addressed in parallel for even great National benefit. (5) Preliminary results on this project were presented at two International Conferences on renewable energy in 2012, providing a timely dissemination of information. We have thus demonstrated a proof-in-concept of a novel, tidal HET system that eliminates all submerged gears and electronics to improve reliability. Hydraulic pump efficiencies of 90% have been confirmed in simulated tidal flows between 1 and 3 m/s, and at only 1-6% of rated power. Total system efficiencies have also been modeled, up to MW-sca
Bruce, Allan J
Addressing the urgent need to develop LCOE competitive renewable energy solutions for US energy security and to replace fossil-fuel generation with the associated benefits to environment impacts including a reduction in CO2 emissions, this Project focused on the advantages of using hydraulic energy transfer (HET) in large-scale Marine Hydrokinetic (MHK) systems for harvesting off-shore tidal energy in US waters. A recent DOE resource assessment, identifies water power resources have a potential to meet 15% of the US electric supply by 2030, with MHK technologies being a major component. The work covered a TRL-4 laboratory proof-in-concept demonstration plus modeling of a 15MW full scale system based on an approach patented by NASA-JPL, in which submerged high-ratio gearboxes and electrical generators in conventional MHK turbine systems are replaced by a submerged hydraulic radial pump coupled to on-shore hydraulic motors driving a generator. The advantages are; first, the mean-time-between-failure (MTBF), or maintenance, can be extended from approximately 1 to 5 years and second, the range of tidal flow speeds which can be efficiently harvested can be extended beyond that of a conventional submerged generator. The approach uses scalable, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) components, facilitating scale-up and commercialization. All the objectives of the Project have been successfully met (1) A TRL4 system was designed, constructed and tested. It simulates a tidal energy turbine, with a 2-m diameter blade in up to a 2.9 m/sec flow. The system consists of a drive motor assembly providing appropriate torque and RPM, attached to a radial piston pump. The pump circulates pressurized, environmentally-friendly, HEES hydraulic fluid in a closed loop to an axial piston motor which drives an electrical generator, with a resistive load. The performance of the components, subsystems and system were evaluated during simulated tidal cycles. The pump is contained in a tank for immersion testing. The COTS pump and motor were selected to scale to MW size and were oversized for the TRL-4 demonstration, operating at only 1-6% of rated values. Nevertheless, in for 2-18 kW drive power, in agreement with manufacturer performance data, we measured efficiencies of 85-90% and 75-80% for the pump and motor, respectively. These efficiencies being 95-96% at higher operating powers. (2) Two follow-on paths were identified. In both cases conventional turbine systems can be modified, replacing existing gear box and generator with a hydraulic pump and on-shore components. On a conventional path, a TRL5/6 15kW turbine system can be engineered and tested on a barge at an existing site in Maine. Alternatively, on an accelerated path, a TRL-8 100kW system can be engineered and tested by modifying a team member's existing MHK turbines, with barge and grid-connected test sites in-place. On both paths the work can be expedited and cost effective by reusing TRL-4 components, modifying existing turbines and using established test sites. (3) Sizing, performance modeling and costing of a scaled 15MW system, suitable for operation in Maine's Western Passage, was performed. COTS components are identified and the performance projections are favorable. The estimated LCOE is comparable to wind generation with peak production at high demand times. (4) We determined that a similar HET approach can be extended to on-shore and off-shore wind turbine systems. These are very large energy resources which can be addressed in parallel for even great National benefit. (5) Preliminary results on this project were presented at two International Conferences on renewable energy in 2012, providing a timely dissemination of information. We have thus demonstrated a proof-in-concept of a novel, tidal HET system that eliminates all submerged gears and electronics to improve reliability. Hydraulic pump efficiencies of 90% have been confirmed in simulated tidal flows between 1 and 3 m/s, and at only 1-6% of rated power. Total system efficiencies have also been modeled, up to MW-scale, for ti
HTGR power plant turbine-generator load control system
A control system is disclosed for a high temperature gas cooled reactor power plant, wherein a steam source derives heat from the reactor coolant gas to generate superheated and reheated steam in respective superheater and reheater sections that are included in the steam source. Each of dual turbine-generators includes a high pressure turbine to pass superheated steam and an associated intermediate low pressure turbine to pass reheated steam. A first admission valve means is connected to govern a flow of superheated steam through a high pressure turbine, and a second admission valve means is connected to govern a flow of reheated steam through an intermediate-low pressure turbine. A bypass line and bypass valve means connected therein are connected across a second admission valve means and its intermediate-low pressure turbine. The second admission valve means is positioned to govern the steam flow through the intermediate-low pressure turbine in accordance with the desired power output of the turbine-generator. In response to the steam flow through the intermediate-low pressure turbine, the bypass valve means is positioned to govern the steam flow through the bypass line to maintain a desired minimum flow through the reheater section at times when the steam flow through the intermediate-low pressure turbine is less than such minimum. The power output of the high pressure turbine is controlled by positioning the first admission valve means in predetermined proportionality with the desired power output of the turbine-generator, thereby improving the accuracy of control of the power output of the high pressure turbine at low load levels.
Braytenbah, A.S.; Jaegtnes, K.O.
System Design Document: Hardware Accelerated Market Order Packet Generation
This document specifies the design of Hardware Accelerated Market Order Packet Generator. The designed system aims at accelerating the release of packets on the network. Optimization is acheived in terms of reducing the latency, decreasing the data uploaded on the Avalon bus which will eventually lead to power optimization. A software application running on a soft-processor would change the transaction-data going over the network in runtime. This document describes the overall architecture of the system, along with describing the design of the custom ethernet accelerator. Typically the ethernet controller should be capable of receiving and sending data over the network. Our implementation will accelerate the sending of data to the network. The receiving of data will still be handled in software.
Ankur Gupta; Dhananjay Palshikar; Mithila Paryekar; Sushant Bhardwaj
Energy Payback Optimization of Thermoelectric Power Generator Systems
An analytic model for optimizing thermoelectric power generation system is developed and utilized for parametric studies. This model takes into account the external thermal resistances with hot and cold reservoirs. In addition, the spreading thermal resistance in the module substrates is considered to find the impact of designing small fraction of thermo elements per unit area. Previous studies are expanded by a full optimization of the electrical and thermal circuits. The optimum condition satisfies both electrical load resistance match with the internal resistance and the thermal resistance match with the heat source and the heat sink. Thermoelectric element aspect ratio and fill factor are found to be key parameters to optimize. The optimum leg length and the maximum output power are determined by a simple formula. The output power density per mass of the thermoelectric material has a peak when thermo elements cover a fractional area of ~1%. The role of the substrate heat spreading for thermoelectric power generation is equally significant as thermoelement. For a given heat source, the co-optimization of the heat sink and the thermoelectric module should be performed. Active cooling and the design of the heat sink are customized to find the energy payback for the power generation system. The model includes both the air cooled heat sinks and the water cooled micro channels. We find that one can reduce the mass of thermoelement to around 3~10 % of that in commercial modules for the same output power, as long as the module and elements are designed properly. Also one notes that higher heat flux sources have significantly larger energy payback and reduced cost per output power.
Kazuaki Yazawa; Ali Shakouri
Application of Next-Generation Sensor Systems in HTRs
Accurate knowledge of the neutron flux distribution in a nuclear reactor has many tangible benefits. Perhaps the most important are the contributions to reactor safety. Detailed knowledge allows reactor operators to identify off-normal conditions quickly before they cause serious complications. Furthermore, reactor safety margins can be accurately quantified. As advanced reactor types are proposed, new sensor systems should be developed together with new algorithms for neutron flux reconstruction. This thesis develops neutron flux reconstruction methods for in-core sensors placed in HTRs. Sensor systems developed for current generation reactors cannot be used in HTRs. The high temperatures inside HTRs preclude the use of existing in-core sensors, and complex flux phenomena arising from the inner reflector and three-dimensional fuel block arrangements suggest that new flux reconstruction methods should be developed as well. Computer simulations were run to generate detailed in- core neutron flux distributions representative of HTRs. Next, this data was used to test two different flux reconstruction algorithms. It was found that the reconstruction algorithm based on the proper orthogonal decomposition performed better than the algorithm based on linear interpolation.
Johnson, Matthew Paul
A Numerical Investigation of a Thermodielectric Power Generation System .
??The performance of a novel micro-thermodielectric power generation device (MTDPG) was investigated in order to determine if thermodielectric power generation can compete with current portable� (more)
Sklar, Akiva A.
Coal-fired high performance power generating system. Final report
As a result of the investigations carried out during Phase 1 of the Engineering Development of Coal-Fired High-Performance Power Generation Systems (Combustion 2000), the UTRC-led Combustion 2000 Team is recommending the development of an advanced high performance power generation system (HIPPS) whose high efficiency and minimal pollutant emissions will enable the US to use its abundant coal resources to satisfy current and future demand for electric power. The high efficiency of the power plant, which is the key to minimizing the environmental impact of coal, can only be achieved using a modern gas turbine system. Minimization of emissions can be achieved by combustor design, and advanced air pollution control devices. The commercial plant design described herein is a combined cycle using either a frame-type gas turbine or an intercooled aeroderivative with clean air as the working fluid. The air is heated by a coal-fired high temperature advanced furnace (HITAF). The best performance from the cycle is achieved by using a modern aeroderivative gas turbine, such as the intercooled FT4000. A simplified schematic is shown. In the UTRC HIPPS, the conversion efficiency for the heavy frame gas turbine version will be 47.4% (HHV) compared to the approximately 35% that is achieved in conventional coal-fired plants. This cycle is based on a gas turbine operating at turbine inlet temperatures approaching 2,500 F. Using an aeroderivative type gas turbine, efficiencies of over 49% could be realized in advanced cycle configuration (Humid Air Turbine, or HAT). Performance of these power plants is given in a table.
Performance of hybrid quad generation system consisting of solid oxide fuel cell system and
or tri-generation systems. Specifically, it suits better for applications, such food industry, where.1 Background The existing cogeneration (e.g. heat and power) and trigeneration (e.g. heating, cooling and power to decrease the primary energy consumption [1]. The trigeneration systems derive from those for cogeneration
Liso, Vincenzo
Two Families of Sliding Mode Controllers for a Doubly-Fed Induction Generator in an Isolated Generation System
In this paper the authors consider the Sliding Mode Control (SMC) of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), supplying an isolated RL load in a Variable Speed-Constant Frequency (VSCF) generation system. It must be reminded that in electric machines ...
R. Galindo; M. Cotorogea; D. Biel
Fault conditions classification of automotive generator using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system
In this paper, an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was proposed for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of an automotive generator. Conventional fault indication of an automotive generator generally uses an indicator to inform the driver ... Keywords: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, Automotive generator, Discrete wavelet transform, Fault diagnosis system
Jian-Da Wu; Jun-Ming Kuo
Robot path generation method for a welding system based on pseudo stereo visual servo control
A path generation method for robot-based welding systems is proposed. The method that is a modification of the method "teaching by showing" is supported by the recently developed pseudo stereovision system (PSVS). A path is generated by means of the ... Keywords: calibration, complex image, path generation, pseudo stereovision system, robotic application humanPT, target-object
Theodore P. Pachidis; Kostas N. Tarchanidis; John N. Lygouras; Philippos G. Tsalides
An electrical modeling and fuzzy logic control of a fuel cell generation system
Fuel cell generation system consists of a stack, a reformer, and converters. The stack generates DC power by electrochemical reaction. For system design and analysis, it is necessary to obtain electrical models. Simplified electrical models of a fuel cell generation system for system control are proposed. Then using the electrical models, system performance of a fuel cell generation system in which power is boosted by step-up choppers is analyzed. A fuzzy controller is designed for improved system performance. Simulation and experimental results confirmed the high performance capability of the designed system.
Kim, Y.H.; Kim, S.S. [Chung-Ang Univ., Seoul (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
Hybrid Microgrid Model based on Solar Photovoltaics with Batteries and Fuel Cells system for intermittent applications.
??Microgrids are a subset of the modern power structure; using distributed generation (DG) to supply power to communities rather than vast regions. The reduced scale� (more)
Patterson, Maxx
Generation Maintenance Applications Center: Combined-Cycle Combustion Turbine Lube Oil System Maintenance Guide
The combustion turbine lubrication system provides clean oil to the turbine-generator bearings, the generator seal oil system, the trip oil system, and the hydraulic system at the required pressures and temperatures. It is an essential system that reduces friction between rubbing surfaces such as bearings, ...
The role of hydroelectric generation in electric power systems with large scale wind generation.
??An increasing awareness of the operational challenges created by intermittent generation of electricity from policy-mandated renewable resources, such as wind and solar, has led to� (more)
Hagerty, John Michael
Computer controlled MHD power consolidation and pulse generation system
The major goal of this research project is to establish the feasibility of a power conversion technology which will permit the direct synthesis of computer programmable pulse power. Feasibility has been established in this project by demonstration of direct synthesis of commercial frequency power by means of computer control. The power input to the conversion system is assumed to be a Faraday connected MHD generator which may be viewed as a multi-terminal dc source and is simulated for the purpose of this demonstration by a set of dc power supplies. This consolidation/inversion (CI), process will be referred to subsequently as Pulse Amplitude Synthesis and Control (PASC). A secondary goal is to deliver a controller subsystem consisting of a computer, software, and computer interface board which can serve as one of the building blocks for a possible phase II prototype system. This report period work summarizes the accomplishments and covers the high points of the two year project. 6 refs., 41 figs.
Johnson, R.; Marcotte, K.; Donnelly, M.
File:PUCT DG Interconnection Manual.pdf | Open Energy Information
PUCT DG Interconnection Manual.pdf PUCT DG Interconnection Manual.pdf Jump to: navigation, search File File history File usage Metadata File:PUCT DG Interconnection Manual.pdf Size of this preview: 463 × 599 pixels. Other resolution: 464 × 600 pixels. Go to page 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 Go! next page → next page → Full resolution (1,275 × 1,650 pixels, file size: 2.02 MB, MIME type: application/pdf, 114 pages) File history Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
"Greening" Industrial Steam Generation via On-demand Steam Systems
Both recent economic and environmental conditions in the U.S. have converged to bring about unprecedented attention to energy efficiency and sustainability in the country's industrial sector. Historically, energy costs in the U.S. have been low in comparison to global averages in some measure do to an extended tolerance for externalized costs related to environmental degradation. Consequently, awareness, innovation & implementation of technologies focused on energy efficiency and reduced environmental impact have not kept pace with other industrialized nations. The U.S. is confronted with looming tipping points with respect to energy supply and GHG emissions that represent very tangible constraints on future economic growth and quality of life. A recent 2008 article in Forbes Magazine highlights the top ten most energy efficient economies in the world. The U.S. is conspicuously absent from the list. The U.S. economy, with an estimated energy intensity of 9,000 Btu's/$GDP, is only half as energy efficient as Japan (holding the top spot on the list with an EI of 4,500 Btu's / US$ GDP). The U.S. Department of Energy has initiated the Save Energy Now program to address this by supporting reductions in U.S. industrial energy intensity by 25% by 2020. A recent 2005 survey conducted by Energy & Environmental Analysis, Inc. (EEA) for Oak Ridge National Laboratory indicates that the current U.S. inventory of commercial/industrial boilers stands at around 163,000 units and 2.7 million MMBtu/hr. total fuel input capacity. These boilers consume nearly 8,100 Tbtu per year, representing about 40% of all energy consumed in the commercial/industrial sectors. Moreover, this same survey indicates that 47% of all commercial/industrial boilers in the U.S. are 40+ years old while as many as 76% are 30+ years old. Boilers account for nearly half of commercial / industrial energy consumption and represent some of the most energy intensive systems comprising these sectors. Given the preponderance of aged, obsolete boiler technology currently in service in the U.S., it is critical to raise awareness and examine the role of emerging new technologies to address the energy and environmental challenges inherent with steam generation. In the same way that tank-less / instantaneous water heating systems are eschewing a new era in energy efficiency in the residential sector, compact modular on-demand steam generation systems are poised to support the same kind of transformation in the commercial / industrial sector. This paper will illustrate how emerging on-demand steam generation technologies will play a part in addressing the energy and environmental challenges facing the country's commercial/ industrial sectors and in doing so help to transform the U.S. economy.
Smith, J. P.
Assessing the Long-Term System Value of Intermittent Electric Generation Technologies
This research investigates the economic penetration and system-wide effects of large-scale intermittent technologies in an electric generation system. The research extends the standard screening curve analysis to optimize the penetration and system structure with intermittent technologies. The analysis is based on hour-by-hour electric demands and intermittent generation. A theoretical framework is developed to find an expression for the marginal value of an intermittent technology as a function of the average system marginal cost, the capacity factor of the generator, and the covariance between the generator's hourly production and the hourly system marginal cost. A series of model runs are made examining the penetration of wind and photovoltaic in a simple electric generation system. These illustrate the conclusions in the theoretical analysis and illustrate the effects that large-scale intermittent penetration has on the structure of the generation system. In the long-term, adding intermittent generation to a system allows us to restructure the dispatchable generation capacity to a mix with lower capital cost. It is found that large scale intermittent generation tends to reduce the optimal capacity and production of baseload generators and increase the capacity and production of intermediate generators, although the extent to which this occurs depends strongly on the pattern of production from the intermediate generators. It is also shown that the marginal value of intermittent generation declines as it penetrates. The analysis investigates the specific mechanism through which this occurs.
Lamont, A D
Autonomous induction generator/rectifier as regulated DC power supply for hybrid renewable energy systems
The present article deals with the wind power-generating unit of a Hybrid Photovoltaic-Wind Renewable Energy System (HPVWRES). The dynamic flux model of the self-excited induction generator used in the wind power-generating unit is given. This model, ... Keywords: experimental investigation, hybrid, induction generator, modeling, rectifier, regulation, renewable Energy
A. Nesba; R. Ibtiouen; S. Mekhtoub; O. Touhami; N. Takorabet
A Study of Distributed Generation System Characteristics and Protective Load Control Strategy
turbines: Doubly-fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and Fixed-speed Wind Turbine (FSWT) are compared), Distributed Generation System (DGS), Doubly- fed Induction Generator (DFIG), Fixed-speed Wind Turbine (FSWT (FSWT) and doubly-fed induction generator wind turbine (DFIG) have different characteristics, when
Chen, Zhe
Interdependence of the Electricity Generation System and the Natural Gas System and Implications for Energy Security
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Lexington Massachusetts This page intentionally left blank. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Concern about energy security on domestic Department of Defense installations has led to the possibility of using natural gas-fired electricity generators to provide power in the event of electric grid failures. As natural gas is an increasingly base-load fuel for electricity generation in the United States, the electricity generation system has become increasingly dependent on the operation of the natural gas system. However, as the natural gas system is also partly dependent on electricity for its ability to deliver natural gas from the well-head to the consumer, the question arises of whether, in the event of an electric grid failure, the natural gas would continue to flow. As the natural gas transmission system largely uses natural gas from the pipelines as a source of power, once the gas has been extracted from the ground, the system is less dependent on the electric grid. However, some of the drilling rigs, processing units, and pipeline compressors do depend on electric power, making the vulnerability to the system to a disruption in the national electricity supply network vary depending on the cause, breadth, and geographic location of the disruption. This is due to the large numbers of players in the natural gas production and
N. Judson; N. Judson
Coal-fired high performance power generating system
The goals of the program are to develop a coal-fired high performance power generation system (HIPPS) by the year 2000 that is capable of > 47% thermal efficiency; NO[sub x] SO [sub x] and Particulates < 25% NSPS; Cost of electricity 10% lower; coal > 65% of heat input and all solid wastes benign. In order to achieve these goals our team has outlined a research plan based on an optimized analysis of a 250 MW[sub e] combined cycle system applicable to both frame type and aeroderivative gas turbines. Under the constraints of the cycle analysis we have designed a high temperature advanced furnace (HITAF) which integrates several combustor and air heater designs with appropriate ash management procedures. Most of this report discusses the details of work on these components, and the R D Plan for future work. The discussion of the combustor designs illustrates how detailed modeling can be an effective tool to estimate NO[sub x] production, minimum burnout lengths, combustion temperatures and even particulate impact on the combustor walls. When our model is applied to the long flame concept it indicates that fuel bound nitrogen will limit the range of coals that can use this approach. For high nitrogen coals a rapid mixing, rich-lean, deep staging combustor will be necessary. The air heater design has evolved into two segments: a convective heat exchanger downstream of the combustion process; a radiant panel heat exchanger, located in the combustor walls; The relative amount of heat transferred either radiatively or convectively will depend on the combustor type and the ash properties.
Solar Electric Generating System II finite element analysis
On June 2, 1992, Landers` earthquake struck the Solar Electric Generating System II, located in Daggett, California. The 30 megawatt power station, operated by the Daggett Leasing Corporation (DLC), suffered substantial damage due to structural failures in the solar farm. These failures consisted of the separation of sliding joints supporting a distribution of parabolic glass mirrors. At separation, the mirrors fell to the ground and broke. It was the desire of the DLC and the Solar Thermal Design Assistance Center (STDAC) of Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) and to redesign these joints so that, in the event of future quakes, costly breakage will be avoided. To accomplish this task, drawings of collector components were developed by the STDAC, from which a detailed finite element computer model of a solar collector was produced. This nonlinear dynamic model, which consisted of over 8,560 degrees of freedom, underwent model reduction to form a low order nonlinear dynamic model containing only 40 degrees of freedom. This model was then used as a design tool to estimate joint dynamics. Using this design tool, joint configurations were modified, and an acceptable joint redesign determined. The results of this analysis showed that the implementation of metal stops welded to support shafts for the purpose of preventing joint separation is a suitable joint redesign. Moreover, it was found that, for quakes of Landers` magnitude, mirror breakage due to enhanced vibration in the trough assembly is unlikely.
Dohner, J.L.; Anderson, J.R.
The role of hydroelectric generation in electric power systems with large scale wind generation
An increasing awareness of the operational challenges created by intermittent generation of electricity from policy-mandated renewable resources, such as wind and solar, has led to increased scrutiny of the public policies ...
Intelligent robust control of hybrid distributed generation system under voltage sag
In this paper, design of control strategy for hybrid fuel cell/energy storage distributed power generation system during voltage sag has been presented. The proposed control strategy allows hybrid distributed generation system works properly when a voltage ... Keywords: Energy storage, Fuel cell, Fuzzy sliding control, Hybrid distributed generation, Lyapanov, Neuro-fuzzy, Voltage sag
Amin Hajizadeh; Masoud Aliakbar Golkar
dg cover
Office of Legacy Management (LM)
on Armed Services and the approval of the President, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. 7431(a). Oil Shale Conversion Facilities Section 19 of the Federal Non-Nuclear En- ergy Research and...
Real Property Desk Guide Real Property Desk Guide Table of Contents Chapter 1-- Purpose of Desk Guide ................................................................... 1-1 Chapter 2-- Introduction..................................................................................... 2-1 Chapter 3-- Planning Policy................................................................................ 3-1 Chapter 4-- Real Estate Function....................................................................... 4-1 Chapter 5-- Acquisition of Interests in Real Property ..................................... 5-1 Chapter 6-- Acquisition of Leased Space through the General Services .Administration ...............................................................................
NIST System Sets Speed Record For Generation of Quantum ...
... The beauty of quantum key distribution is its sensitivity to measurements made ... and detectors, optics, and procedures reduce the key generation rate ...
Reliability Assessment of Power Systems with Wind Power Generation.
??Wind power generation, the most promising renewable energy, is increasingly attractive to power industry and the whole society and becomes more significant in the portfolio� (more)
Wang, Shu
Sizing storage and wind generation capacities in remote power systems.
??Global adoption of renewable energy is increasing due to growing concern over climate change, increasing costs associated with conventional generation, and decreasing capital investment costs� (more)
Gassner, Andy
Electric generator dispatch depends on system demand and the ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
The type of generators with the lowest variable costs are nuclear, hydroelectric, and renewable power (wind and solar). For economic and technical reasons, ...
Distributed Electrical Power Generation: Summary of Alternative Available Technologies
Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. Prepared for U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Washington, DC 20314-1000ABSTRACT: The Federal government is the greatest consumer of electricity in the nation. Federal procurement and installation of higher efficiency energy sources promises many benefits, in terms of economy, employment, export, and environment. While distributed generation (DG) technologies offer many of the benefits of alternative, efficient energy sources, few DG systems can currently be commercially purchased �off the shelf, � and complicated codes and standards deter potential users. Federal use of distributed generation demonstrates the technology, can help drive down costs, and an help lead the general public to accept a changing energy scheme. This work reviews and describes various distributed generation technologies, including fuel cells, microturbines, wind turbines, photovoltaic arrays, and Stirling engines. Issues such as fuel availability, construction considerations, protection controls are addressed. Sources of further information are provided. DISCLAIMER: The contents of this report are not to be used for advertising, publication, or promotional purposes. Citation of trade names does not constitute an official endorsement or approval of the use of such commercial products. All product names and trademarks cited are the property of their respective owners. The findings of this report are not to be construed as an official Department of the Army position unless so designated by other authorized documents.
Sarah J. Scott; Franklin H. Holcomb; Nicholas M. Josefik; Sarah J. Scott; Franklin H. Holcomb; Nicholas M. Josefik
-site DG installed by a microgrid in the presence of stochastic electricity and fuel prices. We proceed (natural gas generating cost) exceeds the natural gas generating cost (electricity price) by a significant fraction of energy conversion from primary fuels to electricity takes place closer to loads, i
Novel Distributed Generation Control and Dispatching System: Application Validation and Benefits Quantification
This report describes a novel control and dispatching hardware/software system for distributed generation. The system allows the connection of multiple generators at a number of sites to a utility control and monitoring system for the purpose of providing peaking power for the utility. Using distributed generation for this purpose is a potentially cost-effective solution to localized power system constraints caused by the inability to increase power transmission into an area experiencing steady growth in...
Single-phase Converter-less Excitation Synchronous Stand-along Wind Power Generator System.
??In this thesis, a single-phase converter-less excitation synchronous stand-along wind power generator system is proposed. In order to simplify the system and improve the system� (more)
Lin, Chin-wei
Generating Electricity with your Steam System: Keys to Long Term Savings
The application of combined heat and power principals to existing plant steam systems can help produce electricity at more than twice efficiency of grid generated electricity. In this way, steam plant managers can realize substantial savings with relatively quick payback of capital. Carefully planned and executed projects are the key to unlocking the maximum value of generating electricity from an existing steam system. This paper illustrates the key concepts of generating onsite power with backpressure steam turbine generators along with practical considerations.
Bullock, B.; Downing, A.
Distributed generators (DG) are small scale power supplying sources owned by customers or utilities and scattered throughout the power system distribution network. Distributed generation can be both renewable and non-renewable. Addition of distributed generation is primarily to increase feeder capacity and to provide peak load reduction. However, this addition comes with several impacts on the distribution feeder. Several studies have shown that addition of DG leads to reduction of feeder loss. However, most of these studies have considered lumped load and distributed load models to analyze the effects on system losses, where the dynamic variation of load due to seasonal changes is ignored. It is very important for utilities to minimize the losses under all scenarios to decrease revenue losses, promote efficient asset utilization, and therefore, increase feeder capacity. This paper will investigate an IEEE 13-node feeder populated with photovoltaic generators on detailed residential houses with water heater, Heating Ventilation and Air conditioning (HVAC) units, lights, and other plug and convenience loads. An analysis of losses for different power system components, such as transformers, underground and overhead lines, and triplex lines, will be performed. The analysis will utilize different seasons and different solar penetration levels (15%, 30%).
Tuffner, Francis K.; Singh, Ruchi
Modeling of biogas generation in bioreactor landfills using neuro-fuzzy system
Biogas generation in anaerobic bioreactor landfills is modeled using the neuro-fuzzy system. The implemented inference system was an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). The fuzzy logic controller featured a Multi-Input-Single-Output (MISO) ... Keywords: biogas generation, bioreactor landfills, neuro-fuzzy model
Mohamed S. Abdallah; Leta Fernandes; Mostafa A. Warith
An enhanced load transfer scheme for power distribution systems connected with distributed generation sources
This paper presents an enhanced load transfer scheme for power distribution systems connected with distributed generation sources. Load transfer is an important approach to improve the reliability of power distribution systems. The proposed load transfer ... Keywords: distributed generation source, distribution feeder, distribution system, interconnection, load transfer
Wen-Chih Yang; Wei-Tzer Huang
Generation reliability assessment in power pool market using MCS and intelligent systems
Deregulation policy has caused some changes in the concepts of power systems reliability assessment and enhancement. In this paper, generation reliability is considered, and a method for its assessment using intelligent systems is proposed. Also, because ... Keywords: generation reliability, intelligent systems, monte carlo simulation, power pool market
H. Haroonabadi; M.-R. Haghifam
Optimal control in energy conversion of small wind power systems with permanent-magnet-synchronous-generators
This paper presents the results of experimental investigation of a low-power wind energy conversion system (WECS), based on a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected directly to the turbine. A development system was built in order to ... Keywords: hardware-in-the-loop simulation, maximum power point tracking, optimal control, permanent-magnet synchronous generator, wind system
C. Vlad; I. Munteanu; A. I. Bratcu; E. Ceanga
Photovoltaic generator modeling for large scale distribution system studies.
??Geographic regions with favorable conditions for photovoltaic (PHV) power generation are seeing increasing numbers of three-phase commercial installations and single-phase residential sized installations. PHV sources� (more)
Golder, Andrew S.
Effects of voltage control in utility interactive dispersed storage and generation systems
When a small generator is connected to the distribution system, the voltage at the point of interconnection is determined largely by the system and not the generator. This report examines the effect on the generator, on the load voltage and on the distribution system of a number of different voltage control strategies in the generator. Synchronous generators with three kinds of exciter control are considered, as well as induction generators and dc/ac inverters, with and without capacitor compensation. The effect of varying input power during operation (which may be experienced by generators based on renewable resources) is explored, as well as the effect of connecting and disconnecting the generator at ten percent of its rated power.
Kirkham, H.; Das, R.
Thermal energy from a biogas engine/generator system
A biogas fueled engine/generator equipped with heat recovery apparatus and thermal storage is described. The thermal energy is used to fuel a liquid fuel plant. Heat recovery is quantified and the static and dynamic performance of the thermal storage is described. At 1260 rpm the engine/generator produces 21 kW of electric power and 2500 kJ/min of thermal energy.
Stahl, T.; Fischer, J.R.; Harris, F.D.
Advanced Combustion Systems for Next Generation Gas Turbines
Next generation turbine power plants will require high efficiency gas turbines with higher pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures than currently available. These increases in gas turbine cycle conditions will tend to increase NOx emissions. As the desire for higher efficiency drives pressure ratios and turbine inlet temperatures ever higher, gas turbines equipped with both lean premixed combustors and selective catalytic reduction after treatment eventually will be unable to meet the new emission goals of sub-3 ppm NOx. New gas turbine combustors are needed with lower emissions than the current state-of-the-art lean premixed combustors. In this program an advanced combustion system for the next generation of gas turbines is being developed with the goal of reducing combustor NOx emissions by 50% below the state-of-the-art. Dry Low NOx (DLN) technology is the current leader in NOx emission technology, guaranteeing 9 ppm NOx emissions for heavy duty F class gas turbines. This development program is directed at exploring advanced concepts which hold promise for meeting the low emissions targets. The trapped vortex combustor is an advanced concept in combustor design. It has been studied widely for aircraft engine applications because it has demonstrated the ability to maintain a stable flame over a wide range of fuel flow rates. Additionally, it has shown significantly lower NOx emission than a typical aircraft engine combustor and with low CO at the same time. The rapid CO burnout and low NOx production of this combustor made it a strong candidate for investigation. Incremental improvements to the DLN technology have not brought the dramatic improvements that are targeted in this program. A revolutionary combustor design is being explored because it captures many of the critical features needed to significantly reduce emissions. Experimental measurements of the combustor performance at atmospheric conditions were completed in the first phase of the program. Emissions measurements were obtained over a variety of operating conditions. A kinetics model is formulated to describe the emissions performance. The model is a tool for determining the conditions for low emission performance. The flow field was also modeled using CFD. A first prototype was developed for low emission performance on natural gas. The design utilized the tools anchored to the atmospheric prototype performance. The 1/6 scale combustor was designed for low emission performance in GE's FA+e gas turbine. A second prototype was developed to evaluate changes in the design approach. The prototype was developed at a 1/10 scale for low emission performance in GE's FA+e gas turbine. The performance of the first two prototypes gave a strong indication of the best design approach. Review of the emission results led to the development of a 3rd prototype to further reduce the combustor emissions. The original plan to produce a scaled-up prototype was pushed out beyond the scope of the current program. The 3rd prototype was designed at 1/10 scale and targeted further reductions in the full-speed full-load emissions.
Joel Haynes; Jonathan Janssen; Craig Russell; Marcus Huffman
Energy Information Administration Electricity Market Module of NEMS Geographic Information System(s) 10 9 (giga)watt 10 3 (kilo)watt Market Analysis
Modal Analysis of Power Systems with Doubly Fed Induction Generators.
?? To ensure the reliable operation of the power system, stability analysis considering the�interaction between wind power and power system must be understood. In this� (more)
Li, Jialin
Fault detection of fault ride through for doubly-fed induction generator based wind energy systems.
??Fault detection and mitigation is of high importance for existing DFIG based wind energy conversion systems. Keeping the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) online during faults� (more)
Ramroop, Shoba AD
Enhancing reliability in passive anti-islanding protection schemes for distribution systems with distributed generation.
??This thesis introduces a new approach to enhance the reliability of conventional passive anti-islanding protection scheme in distribution systems embedding distributed generation. This approach uses� (more)
Sheikholeslamzadeh, Mohsen
Simulation of Stability Analysis for Distribution Systems with Dispersed Generation Using Matlab/Simulink.
??This thesis is to investigate the voltage sag, transient stability and operation feasibility of power islanding with different types of dispersed generation in distribution systems.� (more)
Huang, Kun-Cyuan
The Study of Heat and Mass Transfer In The Generator For an Absorption Air Conditioning System.
??This thesis is aimed to study the heat and mass transfer performance of a generator for the absorption cooling system. Both aqueous lithium bromide (LiBr)� (more)
Hsu, Yu-lien
Modeling of Doubly Fed Induction Generators for Distribution System Power Flow Analysis.
??Large-scale integration of Wind Generators (WGs) with distribution systems is underway right across the globe in a drive to harness green energy. The Doubly Fed� (more)
Dadhania, Amitkumar
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBL) is working with the California Energy Commission (CEC) to determine the role of distributed generation (DG) in greenhouse gas reductions. The impact of DG on large industrial sites is well known, and mostly, the potentials are already harvested. In contrast, little is known about the impact of DG on commercial buildings with peak electric loads ranging from 100 kW to 5 MW. We examine how DG with combined heat and power (CHP) may be implemented within the context of a cost minimizing microgrid that is able to adopt and operate various smart energy technologies, such as thermal and photovoltaic (PV) on-site generation, heat exchangers, solar thermal collectors, absorption chillers, and storage systems. We use a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) that has the minimization of a site's annual energy costs as objective. Using 138 representative commercial sites in California (CA) with existing tariff rates and technology data, we find the greenhouse gas reduction potential for California's commercial sector. This paper shows results from the ongoing research project and finished work from a two year U.S. Department of Energy research project. To show the impact of the different technologies on CO2 emissions, several sensitivity runs for different climate zones within CA with different technology performance expectations for 2020 were performed. The considered sites can contribute between 1 Mt/a and 1.8 Mt/a to the California Air Resources Board (CARB) goal of 6.7Mt/a CO2 abatement potential in 2020. Also, with lower PV and storage costs as well as consideration of a CO2 pricing scheme, our results indicate that PV and electric storage adoption can compete rather than supplement each other when the tariff structure and costs of electricity supply have been taken into consideration. To satisfy the site's objective of minimizing energy costs, the batteries will be charged also by CHP systems during off-peak and mid-peak hours and not only by PV during sunny on-peak hours.
Stadler, Michael; Marnay, Chris; Cardoso, Goncalo; Megel, Olivier; Siddiqui, Afzal; Lai, Judy
Distribution Screening for Distributed Generation
As the deployment of renewable distributed generation increases, the need for traditional energy providers to interact with these resources increases. Detailed modeling and simulation of the distribution and distributed resources is a critical element to better analyze, understand and predict these interactions. EPRI has developed a tool for such analysis called OpenDSS. In addition, as part of the renewable integration program an applet was created for screening distributed generation (DG). This report ...
Ris Energy Report 4 Distributed generation 1 What is distributed generation?
Risø Energy Report 4 Distributed generation 1 5 What is distributed generation? Distributed as distributed energy resources (DERs). It appears that there is no consensus on precise defi- nitions of DG. Wind energy is presently the fastest growing and largest contributor to distributed genera- tion from
Seismic wave generation systems and methods for cased wells
A vibration source (10) includes an armature bar (12) having a major length dimension, and a driver (20A) positioned about the armature bar. The driver (20A) is movably coupled to the armature bar (12), and includes an electromagnet (40). During operation the electromagnet (40) is activated such that the driver (20A) moves with respect to the armature bar (12) and a vibratory signal is generated in the armature bar. A described method for generating a vibratory signal in an object includes positioning the vibration source (10) in an opening of the object, coupling the armature bar (12) to a surface of the object within the opening, and activating the electromagnet (40) of the driver (20A) such that the driver moves with respect to the armature bar (12) and a vibratory signal is generated in the armature bar and the object.
Minto, James (Houston, TX); Sorrells, Martin H (Huffman, TX); Owen, Thomas E. (Helotes, TX); Schroeder, Edgar C. (San Antonio, TX)
Optimal Reactive Power Planning of Radial Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation
The paper analyzes reactive power optimization problem in distribution system with wind power and PV generators. Reactive power optimization mathematical model including the active power loss, reactive power compensation capacity and static voltage margin ... Keywords: Distributed generation, Distributed Generation, Immune Algorithm, Cluster Evolutionary
Li Shengqi, Zeng Lilin, Li Yongan, He Zhengping
Distributed Generation Investment by a Microgrid Under Uncertainty Distributed Generation Investment by a Microgrid Under Uncertainty Speaker(s): Afzal Siddiqui Date: July 24, 2006 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 This study examines a California-based microgrid's decision to invest in a distributed generation (DG) unit that operates on natural gas. While the long-term natural gas generation cost is stochastc, we initially assume that the microgrid may purchase electricity at a fixed retail rate from its utility. Using the real options approach, we find natural gas generation cost thresholds that trigger DG investment. Furthermore, the consideration of operational flexibility by the microgrid accelerates DG investment, while the option to disconnect entirely from the utility is not attractive. By allowing the electricity price to be stochastic, we next determine an
High temperature adhesive silicone foam composition, foam generating system and method of generating foam
Access to a space is impeded by generation of a sticky foam from a silicone polymer and a low boiling solvent such as a halogenated hydrocarbon. In a preferred aspect, the formulation is polydimethylsiloxane gel mixed with F502 Freon as a solvent and blowing agent, and pressurized with CO.sub.2 in a vessel to about 250 PSI, whereby when the vessel is opened, a sticky and solvent resistant foam is deployed. The foam is deployable, over a wide range of temperatures, adhering to wet surfaces as well as dry, is stable over long periods of time and does not propagate flame or lose adhesive properties during an externally supported burn.
Mead, Judith W. (Peralta, NM); Montoya, Orelio J. (Albuquerque, NM); Rand, Peter B. (Albuquerque, NM); Willan, Vernon O. (Albuquerque, NM)
Small power systems study technical summary report. Volume II. Inventory of small generating units in U. S. utility systems
Data identifying small (less than or equal to 10 MW) power units in the United States are tabulated. The data are listed alphabetically by state and are reported sequentially for investor owned utilities, municipal utilities, and electrical cooperatives and other utility systems. For a given utility system, the generating units are divided into steam turbines, diesel generators and gas turbines. The number and size of generating units are listed. A summary tabulation of the number of generating units of each type and total generating capacity by state is presented.
Sitney, L.R.
Application of the DG-1199 methodology to the ESBWR and ABWR.
Appendix A-5 of Draft Regulatory Guide DG-1199 'Alternative Radiological Source Term for Evaluating Design Basis Accidents at Nuclear Power Reactors' provides guidance - applicable to RADTRAD MSIV leakage models - for scaling containment aerosol concentration to the expected steam dome concentration in order to preserve the simplified use of the Accident Source Term (AST) in assessing containment performance under assumed design basis accident (DBA) conditions. In this study Economic and Safe Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) and Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR) RADTRAD models are developed using the DG-1199, Appendix A-5 guidance. The models were run using RADTRAD v3.03. Low Population Zone (LPZ), control room (CR), and worst-case 2-hr Exclusion Area Boundary (EAB) doses were calculated and compared to the relevant accident dose criteria in 10 CFR 50.67. For the ESBWR, the dose results were all lower than the MSIV leakage doses calculated by General Electric/Hitachi (GEH) in their licensing technical report. There are no comparable ABWR MSIV leakage doses, however, it should be noted that the ABWR doses are lower than the ESBWR doses. In addition, sensitivity cases were evaluated to ascertain the influence/importance of key input parameters/features of the models.
Kalinich, Donald A.; Gauntt, Randall O.; Walton, Fotini
A Documentation Generator for (C)LP Systems
texinfo, dvi, ps, pdf, info, html/css, Unix nroff/man, Windows help, etc., and can include bibliographic include bibliographic citations and images (if the target supports them). In addition to full manuals successfully to document full applications. The documentation can be generated in many formats including
Politécnica de Madrid, Universidad
LBNL-60592 Distributed Generation Investment by a Microgrid Under Uncertainty Afzal Siddiqui'06 1 Distributed Generation Investment by a Microgrid Under Uncertainty Afzal Siddiqui University a California-based microgrid's decision to invest in a distributed generation (DG) unit that operates
First-Generation Monitoring System for ADA: Design Basis
The vision of the EPRI ADA Program (Program 124) is to create the technology basis for the distribution system of the future by transforming traditional single-function distribution systems into multifunctional power and information exchange systems with increased reliability, improved performance (lower system losses), better economics, better power quality, and more customer service options. Achieving this vision will require capturing the benefits of new capabilities in power electronics, information ...
is performed for a hybrid Fuel Cell/Supercapacitor generation system with power management, realized through converters interfacing the Fuel Cell (FC) and the Supercapacitor (SC) with the system electrical load
Paris-Sud XI, Université de
Nature of Planetary Matter and Magnetic Field Generation in the Solar System
Understanding the nature of the matter comprising the Solar System is crucial for understanding the mechanism that generates the Earth's geomagnetic field and the magnetic fields of other planets and satellites. The commonality in the Solar System of matter like that of the inside of the Earth, together with common nuclear reactor operating conditions,forms the basis for generalizing the author's concept of nuclear geomagnetic field generation to planetary magnetic field generation by natural planetocentric nuclear fission reactors.
J. Marvin Herndon
Grid-Connected Marine Current Generation System Power Smoothing Control Using Supercapacitors
Grid-Connected Marine Current Generation System Power Smoothing Control Using Supercapacitors to reduce the fluctuation of generator power. In the second step, Supercapacitor (SC) Energy Storage System fluctuation, swell effect, power smoothing control, supercapacitor. I. [NTRODUCTION [n the recent years
A test case generation approach for conformance testing of SDL systems1
1 A test case generation approach for conformance testing of SDL systems1 C. Bourhfir2 , E This paper presents an approach for automatic executable test case and test sequence generation for a protocol modeled by an SDL system. Our methodology uses a uni- fied method which tests an Extended Finite
Aboulhamid, El Mostapha
Protection and Control for Grid Connected Photovoltaic Power Generation System Based on Instantaneous Power Theory
Reliable protection and reasonable control run an important role in grid connected PV power generation system. The detection and calculation of real and reactive power are the bases of many inverter resident passive and active islanding detection method ... Keywords: Distributed generation, photovoltaic system, grid connected, protection and control, power theory
Fei Wang; Chengcheng Zhang
Stirling engines in generating heat and electricity for micro: CHP systems
In this paper, an analysis of different generating heat and electricity systems with Stirling engine is made from the point of view of benefits and limitations, both operational and economic and environmental. Stirling engine has the ability to work ... Keywords: biomass, fossil fuels, generating heat and electricity system, m-CHP, stirling engine
Dan Scarpete; Krisztina Uzuneanu
Proceedings: Conference on Coal Gasification Systems and Synthetic Fuels for Power Generation, Volumes 1 and 2
The international effort to develop synthetic fuels and advanced power systems for the commercial generation of electric power from coal, oil shale, and tar sands has been an outstanding technical success. This conference highlighted the work that brought new fuels and power generation systems to reality.
Superconductivity for Electric Systems Program Review LANL Contributions to GE HTS Generator
-section · Develop a heat generation profile => thermal analysis #12;Superconductivity for Electric Systems Program analysis of the coolant path Investigated affect of rotation on heat load · Completed initial simulationsSuperconductivity for Electric Systems Program Review LANL Contributions to GE HTS Generator
Extreme learning machine based wind speed estimation and sensorless control for wind turbine power generation system
This paper proposes a precise real-time wind speed estimation method and sensorless control for variable-speed variable-pitch wind turbine power generation system (WTPGS). The wind speed estimation is realized by a nonlinear input-output mapping extreme ... Keywords: Extreme learning machine, Sensorless control, Wind speed estimation, Wind turbine power generation system
Si Wu; Youyi Wang; Shijie Cheng
The State of the Art of Generators for Wind Energy Conversion Systems
The State of the Art of Generators for Wind Energy Conversion Systems Yassine Amirat, Mohamed Benbouzid, Bachir Bensaker and René Wamkeue Abstract--Wind Energy Conversion Systems (WECS) have become. I. INTRODUCTION Wind energy conversion is the fastest-growing source of new electric generation
Farm scale biogas-fueled engine/induction generator system
A 3.6 liter spark ignition engine coupled to an induction generator produced 21 kW of electric power at 1260 rpm operating on biogas (55% methane, 45% carbon dioxide). Power output increased by 3.55 kW for a 10 rpm increase in shaft speed. Operating at over 16 kW output, power factor was greater than .8 and generator efficiency was greater than 85%. Engine operation is insensitive to small changes in spark advance. Recommended spark advance for a biogas engine is about 45/sup 0/. Minimum brake specific fuel consumption of 270 g CH/sub 4//kWh occurs at a manifold vacuum of 5 cmHg and an equivalence ratio in the range of .6 to .8.
Second-Generation PFBC Systems R&D
No work was performed; the two remaining Multi Annular Swirl Burner test campaigns are on hold pending selection of a new test facility (replacement for the shut down UTSI burner test facility) and identification of associated testing costs. The Second-Generation PFB Combustion Plant conceptual design prepared in 1987 is being updated to reflect the benefit of pilot plant test data and the latest advances in gas turbine technology. The updated plant is being designed to operate with 95 percent sulfur capture and a single Siemens Westinghouse (SW) 501G gas turbine. Using carbonizer and gas turbine data generated by Foster Wheeler (FW) and SW respectively, Parsons Infrastructure & Technology prepared preliminary plant heat and material balances based on carbonizer operating temperatures of 1700 and 1800 F and found the former to yield the higher plant efficiency. As a result, 1700 F has been selected as the preferred operating condition for the carbonizer. The 501G gas turbine has an air compressor discharge temperature of 811EF and an exhaust temperature of 1140 F. Both of these streams represent high sources of heat and must be cooled, the air to 600 F to be compatible with a 650 F PCFB pressure vessel design temperature and the exhaust for a 275 F stack gas temperature. Because of their relatively high temperature, they can be used for feed water heating, steam generation and/or steam superheating and reheating. As a result, the plant could have one boiler (the PCFB boiler), or as many as three boilers if their cooling is used to generate steam. If the two streams are used to heat feed water, the feed water flow must be increased to absorb this heat while staying below the boiling point, and the steam turbine output increases; this decreases both the gas turbine to steam turbine power ratio and plant efficiency. If the feed water flow is reduced, these streams are used for steam generation and superheating; the steam throughput/output decreases and plant efficiency is maximized. Three different plant arrangements using one, two and then three boilers were considered. After reviewing the three arrangements it was felt the operating complexity associated with a three-boiler plant did not justify the 1/2 point increase in plant efficiency it provided and a two-boiler plant was selected.
Laying the Groundwork: Lessons Learned from the Telecommunications Industry for Distributed Generation; Preprint
The telecommunications industry went through growing pains in the past that hold some interesting lessons for the growing distributed generation (DG) industry. The technology shifts and stakeholders involved with the historic market transformation of the telecommunications sector mirror similar factors involved in distributed generation today. An examination of these factors may inform best practices when approaching the conduits necessary to accelerate the shifting of our nation's energy system to cleaner forms of generation and use. From a technical perspective, the telecom industry in the 1990s saw a shift from highly centralized systems that had no capacity for adaptation to highly adaptive, distributed network systems. From a management perspective, the industry shifted from small, private-company structures to big, capital-intensive corporations. This presentation will explore potential correlation and outline the lessons that we can take away from this comparison.
Wise, A. L.
Distribution System Planning with Distributed Generation: Optimal versus Heuristic Approach.
??Distribution system design and planning is facing a major change in paradigm because of deregulation of the power industry and with rapid penetration of distributed� (more)
Bin Humayd, Abdullah
Biogas Generation from a 2-Phase Sludge Treatment System
The degradation of sewage sludge in single stage and 2 phase anaerobic systems was investigated in bench-scale batch reactors. Average COD reduction efficiency in 2 phase system in this initial phase of the study was 4.5% (30 days HRT) and 3.3% (20 days ... Keywords: dge digestion, 2-phase, single stage, qPCR, microbial communities
Taranveer Singh Mann, Terence Goh, William Phay
Investment and Upgrade in Distributed Generation under Uncertainty
Investment and Upgrade in Distributed Generation under Uncertainty Investment and Upgrade in Distributed Generation under Uncertainty Speaker(s): Afzal Siddiqui Karl Maribu Date: September 4, 2008 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Galen Barbose The ongoing deregulation of electricity industries worldwide is providing incentives for microgrids to use small-scale distributed generation (DG) and combined heat and power (CHP) applications via heat exchangers (HXs) to meet local energy loads. Although the electric-only effciency of DG is lower than that of central-station production, relatively high tariff rates and the potential for CHP applications increase the attractiveness of on-site generation. Nevertheless, a microgrid contemplating the installation of gas-fired DG has to be aware of the uncertainty in the
Modular simulation of a hybrid power system with diesel and wind turbine generation
In this paper, the authors present the modular simulation tool they developed to help study the system dynamics for wind-diesel power systems. The principal modules of the simulator, which include a diesel generator, a wind turbine generator, a rotary converter with a battery, a village load and a dump load, are described. With a case study, the authors demonstrate how the designer benefits from easily understanding the effects of system modifications. Using this tool, a designer can easily develop control strategies to balance the system power flows under different generation/load conditions.
Bialasiewicz, J.T.; Mulijadi, E.; Drouilhet, S.; Nix, G.
Design of novel hybrid controller for automatic generation control of hydrothermal system under open market scenario
This paper presents the analysis of Automatic generation control (AGC) of a two-area hydrothermal system under open market scenario by considering a novel hybrid controller which combines the principles of variable structure controller (VSC) and conventional ... Keywords: AGC, VSC, deregulated system, hybrid controller, hydrothermal system, open market system
C. Srinivasa Rao; S. Siva Nagaraju; P. Sangameswara Raju
Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) | Open
Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary Name: Power System Generation and Inter-Connection Planning Model (SUPER) Agency/Company /Organization: Latin American Energy Organization Sector: Energy Focus Area: Renewable Energy, Hydro Topics: Resource assessment Resource Type: Software/modeling tools Website: www.olade.org/superEn.html References: SUPER website [1] "This model is useful for multi-year electricity system planning studies, making it possible to analyze, optimize, simulate and develop hydrothermal power system expansion plans." References ↑ "SUPER website" Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Power_System_Generation_and_Inter-Connection_Planning_Model_(SUPER)&oldid=329
Midlevel Cyclonic Vortices Generated by Mesoseale Convective Systems
Despite the large number of convective systems that occur over the central United States every year, there are typically only a few well-defined, midlevel vortices apparent in satellite imagery after the overlying anvil debris from some ...
Diana L. Bartels; Robert A. Maddox
Constellation Power Source Generation Boresonic Inspection System Evaluation
Turbine rotor reliability and remaining life assessment are continuing concerns to electric utilities. Over the years, boresonic inspection and evaluation have served as primary components in rotor remaining life assessment. The EPRI NDE Center has completed a series of evaluations that began in 1982 that document the flaw detection and sizing capabilities of many boresonic systems. The purpose of these studies is to provide utilities with a better understanding of system performance and lead to improved...
Technology Assessment of Residential Power Systems for Distributed Generation Markets
Significant research and development (R&D) investments in fuel cell technology have led to functioning prototypes of residential fuel power systems operating on natural gas. Efforts by at least four leading companies are expected to lead to early field trials of residential power systems in 2000 and early 2001, followed by pre-commercial prototypes during 2001-2002, and commercial introduction in the 2002-2005 time frame. Other technology companies are expected to follow suit.
A new method for stochastic production simulation in generation system with multiple hydro units
This paper describes a new method of calculating loss of load probability, expected energy generation and production cost for units in a generating system with multiple hydro units. The method uses the equivalent load duration curve (ELDC) obtained by convolving the distributions of the original load and the forced outage power loss of all generators. Hydro units are scheduled on the ELDC according to their assigned energy and available capacity. Then the deconvolution procedure is performed to obtain a load duration curve for an equivalent system without hydro units. The expected energy of the thermal units is achieved by convolving the generating units in an economic merit order of loading.
Chen, S.J.
This paper will present alternatives to costly corrective maintenance repairs of the steam trap and condensate return system, and the paybacks associated with instituting a program of planned and systematic maintenance management of that system. Energy costs can be reduced by 10% and maintenance costs by 20%, while achieving other tangible improvements in the reliability and efficiency of the system. Recent studies have shown that more than 40% of all installed steam traps and 20% of certain types of valves need some form of corrective action. The majority of all high backpressure problems in condensate return systems are due to poor design criteria in expanding or retrofitting existing return systems. By instituting a maintenance management program, a 95% reliability can be gained with two to four annual maintenance cycles. The associated operational problems can be greatly reduced. The maintenance management concept involves: 1) centralized project management; 2) diagnostic and inspection expertise; 3) system troubleshooting; 4) data analysis, reporting and recommendations; 5) maintenance repairs and follow-up; and 6)software and data base management. Several case studies, in which the concept has been successfully applied, will be presented.
Atlas, R. D.
DG Demonet Smart LV Grid (Smart Grid Project) | Open Energy Information
Demonet Smart LV Grid (Smart Grid Project) Demonet Smart LV Grid (Smart Grid Project) Jump to: navigation, search Project Name DG Demonet Smart LV Grid Country Austria Coordinates 47.516232°, 14.550072° Loading map... {"minzoom":false,"mappingservice":"googlemaps3","type":"ROADMAP","zoom":14,"types":["ROADMAP","SATELLITE","HYBRID","TERRAIN"],"geoservice":"google","maxzoom":false,"width":"600px","height":"350px","centre":false,"title":"","label":"","icon":"","visitedicon":"","lines":[],"polygons":[],"circles":[],"rectangles":[],"copycoords":false,"static":false,"wmsoverlay":"","layers":[],"controls":["pan","zoom","type","scale","streetview"],"zoomstyle":"DEFAULT","typestyle":"DEFAULT","autoinfowindows":false,"kml":[],"gkml":[],"fusiontables":[],"resizable":false,"tilt":0,"kmlrezoom":false,"poi":true,"imageoverlays":[],"markercluster":false,"searchmarkers":"","locations":[{"text":"","title":"","link":null,"lat":47.516232,"lon":14.550072,"alt":0,"address":"","icon":"","group":"","inlineLabel":"","visitedicon":""}]}
Encoding expert knowledge: A Bayesian diagnostic system for diesel generators
Developing computer systems to capture the knowledge of human experts offers new opportunities to electric utilities. Such systems become particularly attractive when technical expertise resides within a single individual, possibly nearing retirement, who has not otherwise passed along his important knowledge and though processes. An expert system model called the Bayesian diagnostic module (BMD) has been developed to aid plant personnel in diagnosing the causes of equipment failure. The BDM deals with uncertainty in a mathematically logical and rigorous way. If sufficient observables are provided as input, it can identify a single cause of failure with very high confidence. Given less complete information, the method degrades gracefully by advising operators about alternative causes of failure, including as estimate of the likelihood that each cause is the correct one. The complete theoretical foundation of the BDM is briefly summarized in this paper.
Bley, D.C.
Energy Storage System Sizing for Smoothing Power Generation , P. Bydlowski
. The life cycle cost of the ESS is analyzed according energy rating in case of supercapacitor technology. Keywords: Energy Storage System (ESS), power smoothing, Direct Wave Energy Converter, Supercapacitor, Power of supercapacitor technology. The life expectancy is also studied in order to determine a possible replacement
Optimal control of generator resynchronisation in electric power systems
Optimal control techniques are discussed for the resynchronisation of a steam turbine unit in an electric power system after it has lost synchronism. A time optimal control is derived and the resulting bang-bang control law is first simulated on an analogue ...
D. Rosenfeld; F. J. Evans
Cyber-physical systems for next generation intelligent buildings
The proliferation of the smart grid creates new opportunities for large buildings to act as smart end-points that provide mutually beneficial services for building occupants and the grid. In this article we describe how Cyber-Physical systems that provide ...
Andreas Savvides; Ioannis Paschalidis; Michael Caramanis
Centralized and Decentralized Generated Power Systems -A Comparison Approach
Initiative White Paper Power Systems Engineering Research Center Empowering Minds to Engineer the Future.S. Department of Energy White Paper Team James A. Momoh Howard University Sakis Meliopoulos Georgia Institute, 2012 #12;Information about this white paper For information about this white paper contact: James A
Power generation systems for NOx reduction. CRADA final report for CRADA Number Y-1292-0111
The Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA) No. Y1292-0111, between Allison Gas Turbine Division of General Motors Corporation and Lockheed Martin Energy Systems, under contract to the US Department of Energy, is entitled ``Power Generation Systems for NOx Reduction``. The objective of this effort was to design, develop, and demonstrate an integrated turbine genset suitable for high efficiency power generation requirements. The result of this effort would have been prototype generator hardware including controllers for testing and evaluation by Allison Gas Turbine Division. The generator would have been coupled to a suitably sized and configured gas turbine engine, which would operate on a laboratory load bank. This effort leads to extensive knowledge and design capability in the most efficient and high power density generator design for mobile power generation and potentially to commercialization of these advanced technologies.
Adams, D.J. [Lockheed Martin Energy Research Corp., Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Berenyi, S.G. [General Motors Corp., Indianapolis, IN (United States). Allison Gas Turbine Div.
Grid-connected and control of MPPT for wind power generation systems based on the SCIG
This paper adopts a main circuit structure with back-to-back PWM converter, in which generator-side using direct torque control method, and grid-side adopts three-phase VSR inner current decoupling control based feed forward control algorithms, and this ... Keywords: back-to-back, grid-connected, maximum power point tracking (MPPT), squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), wind-turbine generation system
Yidong Chen; Yulin Yang; Liqiao Wang; Zhiyun Jia; Weiyang Wu
Development of an Enhanced GenVARR� (Generator Volt Ampere Reactive Reserve) System
Transmission system operators require near real time knowledge of reactive power capability to reliably operate large electric power transmission systems. Reactive power produced by, or capable of being produced by, a power generator is often estimated based on a series of mega volt amperes (MVA) capability curves for the generator. These curves indicate the ability of the generator to produce real and reactive power under a variety of conditions. In transmission planning and operating studies, it is often assumed, based on estimates for these capability curves, that the generator can provide its rated MVA capability output when needed for system stability However, generators may not always operate at levels depicted by the maximum MVA capability curve due to present constraints. Transmission system operators utilizing the generators� capability curves for operation decisions regarding transmission system stability or for planning horizons may overestimate the capability of the generators to supply reactive power when required. Southern Company has enhanced GenVARR(TM), the system of plant data query, retrieval, and analysis and calculates the actual � not estimated -- remaining reactive power output capability. The remaining reactive output is considered spinning reserve and is displayed graphically to transmission control center and generating plant operators to identify real time VAR limits. GenVARR is capable of aggregating generators from a defined region, or other user selectable combinations, to represent the available reserves that the operators are specifically interested in. GenVARR(TM) has been put into live production operation and is expected to significantly improve the overall visibility of the reactive reserve capability of the system. This new version of GenVARR(TM) significantly enhances the products structure and performance, and enables links to other key transmission system operation tools.
Schatz, Joe E.
A Technology Roadmap for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Executive Summary
To meet future energy needs, ten countries--Argentina, Brazil, Canada, France, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Republic of South Africa, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States--have agreed on a framework for international cooperation in research for an advanced generation of nuclear energy systems, known as Generation IV. These ten countries have joined together to form the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) to develop future-generation nuclear energy systems that can be licensed, constructed, and operated in a manner that will provide competitively priced and reliable energy products while satisfactorily addressing nuclear safety, waste, proliferation, and public perception concerns. The objective for Generation IV nuclear energy systems is to be available for international deployment before the year 2030, when many of the world's currently operating nuclear power plants will be at or near the end of their operating licenses.
The Impact of Solar Photovoltaic Generation on Balancing Requirements in the Southern Nevada System
Abstract�The impact of integrating large-scale solar photovoltaic (PV) generation on the balancing requirements in terms of regulation and load-following requirements in the southern Nevada balancing area is evaluated. The �swinging door� algorithm and the �probability box� method developed by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) were used to quantify the impact of large PV generation on the balancing requirements of the system operations. The system�s actual scheduling, real-time dispatch and regulation processes were simulated. Different levels of distributed generation were also considered in the study. The impact of hourly solar PV generation forecast errors on regulation and load-following requirements was assessed. The sensitivity of balancing requirements with respect to real-time forecast errors of large PV generation was analyzed. Index Terms�Ancillary services, balancing requirements, load following, regulation, renewables integration, swinging door
Ma, Jian; Lu, Shuai; Hafen, Ryan P.; Etingov, Pavel V.; Makarov, Yuri V.; Chadliev, Vladimir
Transient stability enhancement of electric power generating systems by 120-degree phase rotation
A method and system for enhancing the transient stability of an intertied three-phase electric power generating system. A set of power exporting generators (10) is connected to a set of power importing generators (20). When a transient cannot be controlled by conventional stability controls, and imminent loss of synchronism is detected (such as when the equivalent rotor angle difference between the two generator sets exceeds a predetermined value, such as 150 degrees), the intertie is disconnected by circuit breakers. Then a switch (30) having a 120-degree phase rotation, or a circuit breaker having a 120-degree phase rotation is placed in the intertie. The intertie is then reconnected. This results in a 120-degree reduction in the equivalent rotor angle difference between the two generator sets, making the system more stable and allowing more time for the conventional controls to stabilize the transient.
Cresap, Richard L. (Portland, OR); Taylor, Carson W. (Portland, OR); Kreipe, Michael J. (Portland, OR)
Work plan for the fabrication of the radioisotope thermoelectric generator transportation system package mounting
The Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) has available a dedicated system for the transportation of RTG payloads. The RTG Transportation System (System 100) is comprised of four systems; the Package (System 120), the Semi-trailer (System 140), the Gas Management (System 160), and the Facility Transport (System 180). This document provides guidelines on the fabrication, technical requirements, and quality assurance of the Package Mounting (Subsystem 145), part of System 140. The description follows the Development Control Requirements of WHC-CM-6-1, EP 2.4, Rev. 3.
Satoh, J.A.
Solar Thermal Small Power Systems Study. Inventory of US industrial small electric power generating systems. [Less than 10 MW
This inventory of small industrial electric generating systems was assembled by The Aerospace Corporation to provide a data base for analyses being conducted to estimate the potential for displacement of these fossil-fueled systems by solar thermal electric systems no larger than 10 MW in rated capacity. The approximately 2100 megawatts generating capacity of systems in this category constitutes a potential market for small solar thermal and other solar electric power systems. The sources of data for this inventory were the (former) Federal Power Commission (FPC) Form 4 Industrial Ledger and Form 12-C Ledger for 1976. Table 1 alphabetically lists generating systems located at industrial plants and at Federal government installations in each of the 50 states. These systems are differentiated by type of power plant: steam turbine, diesel generator, or gas turbine. Each listing is designated as a power system rather than a power unit because the FPC Ledgers do not provide a means of determining whether more than one unit is associated with each industrial installation. Hence, the user should consider each listing to be a system capacity rating wherein the system may consist of one or more generating units with less than 10 MW/sub e/ combined rating. (WHK)
A Dynamic Wind Turbine Simulator of the Wind Turbine Generator System
To study dynamic performances of wind turbine generator system (WTGS), and to determine the control structures in laboratory. The dynamic torque generated by wind turbine (WT) must be simulated. In there paper, a dynamic wind turbine emulator (WTE) is ... Keywords: dynamic wind turbine emulation, wind shear, tower shadow, torque compensation
Lei Lu; Zhen Xie; Xing Zhang; Shuying Yang; Renxian Cao
Design of a SOA-oriented E-diagnostics system for hydroelectric generating sets
In order to resolve existing problems such as low efficiency, high cost and lack of technical resource in current maintenance, it is necessary to realize remote diagnosis for hydroelectric generating sets (HGSs). In this work, basing on the Service-Oriented ... Keywords: E-diagnostics system, SOA, hydroelectric generating sets, web services
Liangliang Zhan; Yongchuan Zhang; Jianzhong Zhou; Yucheng Peng; Zheng Li
Modeling and Control of the PMSG Wind Generation System with a Novel Controller
This paper is based on the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) strategy for Direct Drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Wind turbine. The parts of generator is setted in d-p synchronous rotating reference frame. And the voltage space vector PWM(SVPWM) ... Keywords: wind power system, PMSG, SVPWM, direct driven wind turbine, variable speed
Shun Yang, Lida Zhang
Production and maintenance planning for electricity generators: modeling and application to Indian power systems
from 2,250 MW in 1961 to nearly 100,000 MW of installed capacity today. The electricity demand has also, or up to a year. The relevant decisions include fuel supply from the fuel sources to the generating, generators, and transmission network of their constituent states. The Indian power system has grown rapidly
Dragoti-�?ela, Eranda
The integrated design of a permanent-magnet generator for small wind energy conversion system
This paper presents the integrated design, analysis and performance test of a 1.4 kW, radial-flux, permanent-magnet generator applied to small wind energy conversion system (WECS). In a small WECS, the three major components, i.e., turbine, generator ...
Min-Fu Hsieh; Yu-Han Yeh
Scaffolding student-generated questions: Design and development of a customizable online learning system
Despite the fact that the benefits of student question generation are well documented, most students do not take part in question generation exercises during their formal schooling and are not accustomed to authoring questions. Under the premise that ... Keywords: Applications in subject areas, Evaluation of online learning systems, Learning strategies, Supporting classroom teaching, Teaching strategies
Fu-Yun Yu
Creating MAGIC: system for generating learning object metadata for instructional content
This paper presents our latest work on building a system called MAGIC (Metadata Automated Generation for Instructional Content) that will automatically identify segments and generate critical metadata conforming with the SCORM (Sharable Content Object ... Keywords: e-learning, instructional video content analysis, learning object metadata, text analysis, text categorization
Ying Li; Chitra Dorai; Robert Farrell
Generating multimedia presentations that summarize the behavior of dynamic systems using a model-based approach
This article describes a knowledge-based method for generating multimedia descriptions that summarize the behavior of dynamic systems. We designed this method for users who monitor the behavior of a dynamic system with the help of sensor networks and ... Keywords: Behavior summarization, Data abstraction, Data-to-text system, Intelligent user interface, Multimedia presentation, Presentation model, Text-graphic coordination
Martin Molina; Victor Flores
Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation (DIRSIG) model
i Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation CENTER FOR IMAGING SCIENCE Title of Dissertation: Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: DIRSIG____________________________________________________________ Date #12;vi #12;vii Polarimetric remote sensing system analysis: DIRSIG model validation and impact
Salvaggio, Carl
The current generation of building simulation software is based upon separate building and mechanical system
and mechanical systems. Work is underway to develop a new version of the Building Loads Analysis and SystemThe current generation of building simulation software is based upon separate building Thermodynamics (BLAST) [1] energy analysis program which will simulate buildings and mechanical systems
Reliability analysis of fault tolerant wind energy conversion system with doubly fed induction generator
This paper deals with the design of a reliable fault tolerant converter topology for grid connected Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS) with Double Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based on functional redundancy. The main contribution of the developed ... Keywords: Markov chain model, fault tolerant system, reliability analysis, wind energy conversion system
Philippe Weber; Florent Becker; Antoine Mathias; Didier Theilliol; Youmin M. Zhang
Investigations of Temperature Effects on NOAA's Next Generation Water Level Measurement System
The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration collects tide and water-level data by using an acoustic tide gauge in its Next Generation Water Level Measurement System (NGWLMS). The elevation of the water is calculated from the round-trip ...
David L. Portep; H. H. Shih
Study of Linear Equivalent Circuits of Electromechanical Systems for Turbine Generator Units.
??The thesis utilizes the analogy in dynamic equations between a mechanical and an electrical system to convert the steam-turbine, micro-turbine, wind-turbine and hydro-turbine generator mechanical� (more)
Tsai, Chia-Chun
Mathematical model of steam generator feed system at power unit of nuclear plant
A mathematical model of a steam generator feed system at a power unit of a nuclear plant with variable values of transfer function coefficients is presented. The model is realized in the MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow event-driven simulation.
E. M. Raskin; L. A. Denisova; V. P. Sinitsyn; Yu. V. Nesterov
Improving Performance of Power Systems with Large-scale Variable Generation Additions
A power system with large-scale renewable resources, like wind and solar generation, creates significant challenges to system control performance and reliability characteristics because of intermittency and uncertainties associated with variable generation. It is important to quantify these uncertainties, and then incorporate this information into decision-making processes and power system operations. This paper presents three approaches to evaluate the flexibility needed from conventional generators and other resources in the presence of variable generation as well as provide this flexibility from a non-traditional resource � wide area energy storage system. These approaches provide operators with much-needed information on the likelihood and magnitude of ramping and capacity problems, and the ability to dispatch available resources in response to such problems.
Makarov, Yuri V.; Etingov, Pavel V.; Samaan, Nader A.; Lu, Ning; Ma, Jian; Subbarao, Krishnappa; Du, Pengwei; Kannberg, Landis D.
Design and fabrication of a microfluidies gradient generator system for high-throughput molecular interaction studies
Design and fabrication of a microfluidics system capable of generating reproducible and controlled micro-biochemical environments that can be used as a diagnostic assay and microreactor is important. Here, a simple technique ...
Chen, Guan-Jong, 1981-
An evolution-based generative design system : using adaptation to shape architectural form
This dissertation dwells in the interstitial spaces between the fields of architecture, environmental design and computation. It introduces a Generative Design System that draws on evolutionary concepts to incorporate ...
Caldas, Luisa Gama (Maria Luisa da Oliveira Gama Caldas), 1968-
Mitigation of steam generator tube rupture in a pressurized water reactor with passive safety systems
The effects of steam generator tube ruptures in a pressurized water reactor are mitigated by reducing the pressure in the primary loop by diverting reactor coolant through the heat exchanger of a passive heat removal system immersed in the in containment refueling water storage tank in response to a high feed water level in the steam generator. Reactor coolant inventory is maintained by also in response to high steam generator level introducing coolant into the primary loop from core make-up tanks at the pressure in the reactor coolant system pressurizer. The high steam generator level is also used to isolate the start-up feed water system and the chemical and volume control system to prevent flooding into the steam header. 2 figures.
McDermott, Daniel J. (Export, PA); Schrader, Kenneth J. (Penn Hills, PA); Schulz, Terry L. (Murrysville Boro, PA)
McDermott, D.J.; Schrader, K.J.; Schulz, T.L.
Air-Cooled Condensers in Next-Generation Conversion Systems Geothermal...
Air-Cooled Condensers in Next-Generation Conversion Systems Geothermal Lab Call Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title Air-Cooled...
Converting Existing Backup Generators into Dispatchable System Resources: Assessing the Business Case
This report addresses the issues associated with using backup generators as flexible distribution system resources. Both technical issues of the interconnection, including communications arrangements and protocols, and business issues such as contract structures are examined.
Engineering Guide for Integration of Distributed Generation and Storage into Power Distribution Systems
Distributed resources (DR) hold great promise for improving the efficiency and reliability of electric power systems. The work described in this report focuses on distributed generation and storage, a subset of the larger family of DR technologies.
Low Cost High Concentration PV Systems for Utility Power Generation Amonix,
Amonix, Inc. Amonix, Inc. Low Cost High Concentration PV Systems for Utility Power Generation Amonix, Inc. A series of brief fact sheet on various topics including:Low Cost High Concentration PV Systems for Utility Power Generation,High Efficiency Concentrating Photovoltaic Power System,Reaching Grid Parity Using BP Solar Crystalline Silicon Technology, Fully Integrated Building Science Solutions for Residential and Commercial Photovoltaic Energy Generation,A Value Chain Partnership to Accelerate U.S. Photovoltaic Industry Growth,AC Module PV System,Flexible Organic Polymer-Based PV For Building Integrated Commercial Applications,Flexable Integrated PV System,Delivering Grid-Parity Solar Electricity On Flat Commercial Rooftops,Fully Automated Systems Technology, Concentrating Solar Panels: Bringing the Highest Power and Lowest Cost to
Small Wind Guidebook/How Much Energy Will My System Generate | Open Energy
How Much Energy Will My System Generate How Much Energy Will My System Generate < Small Wind Guidebook Jump to: navigation, search Print PDF WIND ENERGY STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT & OUTREACHSmall Wind Guidebook Home WindTurbine-icon.png Small Wind Guidebook * Introduction * First, How Can I Make My Home More Energy Efficient? * Is Wind Energy Practical for Me? * What Size Wind Turbine Do I Need? * What Are the Basic Parts of a Small Wind Electric System? * What Do Wind Systems Cost? * Where Can I Find Installation and Maintenance Support? * How Much Energy Will My System Generate? * Is There Enough Wind on My Site? * How Do I Choose the Best Site for My Wind Turbine? * Can I Connect My System to the Utility Grid? * Can I Go Off-Grid? * State Information Portal * Glossary of Terms * For More Information
Overview of M-C Power`s MCFC power generation system
The IMHEX{reg_sign} fuel cell power generation system is a skid mounted power plant which efficiently generates electricity and useful thermal energy. The primary benefits are its high electric generation efficiency (50% or greater), modular capacities (500 kW to 3 MW per unit) and minimal environmental impacts (less than 1 ppM NO{sub x}). A cost effective, modular capacity fuel cell power plant provides the industry with an attractive alternative to large central station facilities, and its advantages have the potential to optimize the way electric power is generated and distributed to the users. Environmental issues are becoming the single most uncertain aspect of the power business. These issues may be manifested in air emissions permits or allowances for NO{sub x} or SO{sub 2}, energy taxes, CO{sub 2} limits, ``carbon taxes,`` etc. and may appear as siting permits for generation, transmission, or distribution facilities. Utilities are ``down-sizing`` with the goal of becoming the lowest cost supplier of electricity and are beginning to examine the concepts of ``energy service`` to improve their economic competitiveness. These issues are leading utilities to examine the benefits of distributed generation. Siting small capacity generation near the customer loads or at distribution substations can improve system efficiency and quality while reducing distribution system costs. The advantages that fuel cell power plants have over conventional technologies are critical to the success of these evolving opportunities in the power generation marketplace.
Benjamin, T.G.; Woods, R.R.
A Multi-Modular Neutronically Coupled Power Generation System
The High Temperature Integrated Multi-Modular Thermal Reactor is a small modular reactor that uses an enhanced conductivity BeO-UO2 fuel with supercritical CO2 coolant to drive turbo-machinery in a direct Brayton cycle. The core consists of several self-contained pressurized modules, each containing fuel elements in pressurized channels surrounded by a graphite moderator, and Brayton cycle turbo-machinery. Each module is subcritical by itself, and when several modules are brought into proximity of one another, a single critical core is formed. The multi-modular approach and use of BeO-UO2 fuel with graphite moderator and supercritical CO2 coolant leads to an inherently safe system capable of high efficiency operation. The pressure channel design and multi-modular approach eliminates engineering challenges associated with large pressure vessels. The subcriticality of the modules ensures inherent safety during construction, transportation, and after decommissioning. Serpent, a continuous-energy Monte-Carlo reactor physics burnup calculation code, was used to develop a critical configuration of the subcritical modules using UO2 fuel enriched with 5 wt% 235U with a 5 wt% BeO additive. The core lifetime was found to be 14.6 years operating at 10 MWth, though the U enrichment and power can be altered to achieve desired core lifetimes. Negative fuel and moderator temperature coefficients of reactivity were found that could maintain safety during operation. The multi-modular design was found to be beneficial compared to a core with all fuel elements in one module. Batch battery type refueling was found to be beneficial and the feasibility of controlling the reactor was demonstrated through the use of control shells that surround each module. The HT-IMMTR design is an inherently safe, highly efficient, economically competitive, and most important, feasible reactor design that takes advantage of proven technologies to facilitate the demonstration of a successful commercial deployment.
Patel, Vishal
Variable Renewable Generation can Provide Balancing Control to the Electric Power System (Fact Sheet)
As wind and solar plants become more common in the electric power system, they may be called on to provide grid support services to help maintain system reliability. For example, through the use of inertial response, primary frequency response, and automatic generation control (also called secondary frequency response), wind power can provide assistance in balancing the generation and load on the system. These active power (i.e., real power) control services have the potential to assist the electric power system in times of disturbances and during normal conditions while also potentially providing economic value to consumers and variable renewable generation owners. This one-page, two-sided fact sheet discusses the grid-friendly support and benefits renewables can provide to the electric power system.
Systematic method of generating new integrable systems via inverse Miura maps
We provide a new natural interpretation of the Lax representation for an integrable system; that is, the spectral problem is the linearized form of a Miura transformation between the original system and a modified version of it. On the basis of this interpretation, we formulate a systematic method of identifying modified integrable systems that can be mapped to a given integrable system by Miura transformations. Thus, this method can be used to generate new integrable systems from known systems through inverse Miura maps; it can be applied to both continuous and discrete systems in 1 + 1 dimensions as well as in 2 + 1 dimensions. The effectiveness of the method is illustrated using examples such as the nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) system, the Zakharov-Ito system (two-component KdV), the three-wave interaction system, the Yajima-Oikawa system, the Ablowitz-Ladik lattice (integrable space-discrete NLS), and two (2 + 1)-dimensional NLS systems.
Tsuchida, Takayuki [Okayama Institute for Quantum Physics, Kyoyama 1-9-1, Okayama 700-0015 (Japan)
Impact of Time Resolution on the Projected Rates of System Penetration by Intermittent Generation Technologies
To hedge against the limited resources of fossil fuels and to reduce the emissions of green house gases, it is expected that our future electricity system will include more intermittent technologies, including wind and PV. To better understand how to develop energy systems that rely on intermittents, systems models are used to assess the cost at which intermittents become competitive, the degree of penetration as their costs are reduced, their impact on the optimal structure of the balance of the system, and their affect on total system costs. Modeling approaches designed for dispatchable technologies are not entirely appropriate for modeling intermittent technologies, since they, naturally, assume that generation can always be dispatched to meet demand. Intermittent generation cannot be dispatched--its output varies from hour to hour and from day to day on its own schedule, heedless to system needs. This research assesses the difference in results associated with the different approaches to modeling intermittency. The analyses compare cases using the hourly loads and intermittent generation patterns, cases in which the loads and generation were averaged over several hours, and cases in which the loads and/or the generation were represented by the annual averaging scheme used in the National Energy Modeling System developed by the Energy Information Administration. Three significant characteristics of an intermittent generator are the average power production (capacity factor), the coincidence of its power production and loads, and the variation in the magnitude of its power production. Economic models of the energy system represent these characteristics with differing degrees of accuracy. It is expected that different representations of the characteristics of an intermittent generator will give different answers to the sorts of questions posed above. This research assesses the magnitude and types of errors that are introduced by not representing the characteristics of the intermittents accurately. The most accurate representation of an intermittent generator uses its actual output from moment to moment. Here we use a one hour resolution over a full year of generation as the base case. This captures the variations from hour to hour and day-to-day. However, some energy modeling systems are based on a load duration curve approach for characterizing the variation in energy demand. This is quite suitable for dispatchable technologies since the generators can always be dispatched to meet the load whenever it occurs. When an intermittent generator is represented in this structure, it is represented as having a constant output equal to its capacity factor over long intervals (many hours). This approach captures the capacity factor of the intermittent and to some extent it can capture the coincidence of generation and demand, but does not capture the effect of the short term variations in output. In this paper, we evaluate the impacts of time resolution on the economic evaluation of wind and solar PV within a simple energy system. We assess the penetration of each intermittent generator as its cost is decreased. At the same time, the model optimally readjusts the capacities and dispatch of the conventional generators as the intermittent technology penetrates. This investigation compares the trajectories of intermittent penetration under a several different representations of intermittent generation and demand. In the following sections, we first discuss the approach to analysis, for both the load duration curve approach to representing intermittent generation and several averaging schemes. We then present results and conclusions.
Lamont, A; Wu, T
Transacting generation attributes across market boundaries: Compatible information systems and the treatment of imports and exports
energy attribute laws and market rules have declared that recognizing such generators� attributes may be contingent on the presence of a �compatible informationinformation system or policy. In any market area where an energyMarket Boundaries: Compatible Information Systems and the Treatment of Imports and Exports Robert Grace Sustainable Energy
Grace, Robert; Wiser, Ryan
during many months of the year). * Similarly, use of PEM fuel cell waste heat for hot water heating wouldFUEL CELL SYSTEM ECONOMICS: COMPARING THE COSTS OF GENERATING POWER WITH STATIONARY AND MOTOR VEHICLE PEM FUEL CELL SYSTEMS UCD-ITS-RP-04-21 April 2004 by Timothy Lipman University of California
Kammen, Daniel M.
Sensorless Adaptive Output Feedback Control of Wind Energy Systems with PMS Generators
1 Sensorless Adaptive Output Feedback Control of Wind Energy Systems with PMS Generators A. El the problem of controlling wind energy conversion (WEC) systems involving permanent magnet synchronous is to maximize wind energy extraction which cannot be achieved without letting the wind turbine rotor operate
Concepts for the Measurements Subsystems of the Third Generation Attributes Measurement System
Abstract The 3rd Generation Attribute Measurement System project has been tasked by the U.S. National Nuclear Security Administration Office of Nuclear Verification to develop the next generation of attribute measurement system for potential verification applications. The primary improvements of this effort, compared to previous attribute measurement systems, are to address authentication and certification concerns throughout the design and development process and to conduct attribute measurements for highly enriched uranium and high explosives in addition to plutonium. This paper will present attribute measurement techniques under consideration by the project.
Warren, Glen A.; Archer, Daniel E.; Cunningham, Mark; McConchie, Seth; Thron, Jonathon
Computational Research Challenges and Opportunities for the Optimization of Fossil Energy Power Generation System
Emerging fossil energy power generation systems must operate with unprecedented efficiency and near-zero emissions, while optimizing profitably amid cost fluctuations for raw materials, finished products, and energy. To help address these challenges, the fossil energy industry will have to rely increasingly on the use advanced computational tools for modeling and simulating complex process systems. In this paper, we present the computational research challenges and opportunities for the optimization of fossil energy power generation systems across the plant lifecycle from process synthesis and design to plant operations. We also look beyond the plant gates to discuss research challenges and opportunities for enterprise-wide optimization, including planning, scheduling, and supply chain technologies.
Zitney, S.E.
Capacity Value of PV and Wind Generation in the NV Energy System
Calculation of photovoltaic (PV) and wind power capacity values is important for estimating additional load that can be served by new PV or wind installations in the electrical power system. It also is the basis for assigning capacity credit payments in systems with markets. Because of variability in solar and wind resources, PV and wind generation contribute to power system resource adequacy differently from conventional generation. Many different approaches to calculating PV and wind generation capacity values have been used by utilities and transmission operators. Using the NV Energy system as a study case, this report applies peak-period capacity factor (PPCF) and effective load carrying capability (ELCC) methods to calculate capacity values for renewable energy sources. We show the connection between the PPCF and ELCC methods in the process of deriving a simplified approach that approximates the ELCC method. This simplified approach does not require generation fleet data and provides the theoretical basis for a quick check on capacity value results of PV and wind generation. The diminishing return of capacity benefit as renewable generation increases is conveniently explained using the simplified capacity value approach.
Lu, Shuai; Diao, Ruisheng; Samaan, Nader A.; Etingov, Pavel V.
Fuel Cell Tri-Generation System Case Study using the H2A Stationary Model
Fuel Cell Tri-Generation System Case Fuel Cell Tri-Generation System Case Study using the H2A Stationary Model Darlene Steward/ Mike Penev National Renewable Energy Laboratory Integrated Stationary Power and Transportation Workshop Phoenix, Arizona October 27, 2008 National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future 2 Introduction Goal: Develop a cost analysis tool that will be flexible and comprehensive enough to realistically analyze a wide variety of potential combined heat and power/hydrogen production scenarios Approach: Rely on the H2A discounted cash flow methodology to develop a new stationary systems model With the help of industry partners, develop and analyze a range of realistic case studies for tri-generation systems. National Renewable Energy Laboratory Innovation for Our Energy Future
Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant hydrogen generation study: Formation of ammonia from nitrate and nitrate in hydrogen generating systems
The Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP) is being designed for the Departrnent of Energy (DOE) to immobilize pretreated highly radioactive wastes in glass for permanent disposal in the HWVP, formic acid is added to the waste before vitrification to adjust glass redox and melter feed rheology. The operation of the glass melter and durability of the glass are affected by the glass oxidation state. Formation of a conductive metallic sludge in an over-reduced melt can result in a shortened melter lifetime. An over-oxidized melt may lead to foaming and loss of ruthenium as volatile RuO{sub 4}. Historically, foaming in the joule heated ceramic melter has been attributed to gas generation in the melt which is controlled by instruction of a reductant such as formic acid into the melter feed. Formic acid is also found to decrease the melter feed viscosity thereby facilitating pumping. This technical report discusses the noble metal catalyzed formic acid reduction of nitrite and/or nitrate to ammonia, a problem of considerable concern because of the generation of a potential ammonium nitrate explosion hazard in the plant ventilation system.
King, R.B.; Bhattacharyya, N.K.
Processing large sensor data sets for safeguards : the knowledge generation system.
Modern nuclear facilities, such as reprocessing plants, present inspectors with significant challenges due in part to the sheer amount of equipment that must be safeguarded. The Sandia-developed and patented Knowledge Generation system was designed to automatically analyze large amounts of safeguards data to identify anomalous events of interest by comparing sensor readings with those expected from a process of interest and operator declarations. This paper describes a demonstration of the Knowledge Generation system using simulated accountability tank sensor data to represent part of a reprocessing plant. The demonstration indicated that Knowledge Generation has the potential to address several problems critical to the future of safeguards. It could be extended to facilitate remote inspections and trigger random inspections. Knowledge Generation could analyze data to establish trust hierarchies, to facilitate safeguards use of operator-owned sensors.
Thomas, Maikel A.; Smartt, Heidi Anne; Matthews, Robert F.
Air-Cooled Condensers in Next-Generation Conversion Systems Geothermal Lab
Air-Cooled Condensers in Next-Generation Conversion Systems Geothermal Lab Air-Cooled Condensers in Next-Generation Conversion Systems Geothermal Lab Call Project Jump to: navigation, search Last modified on July 22, 2011. Project Title Air-Cooled Condensers in Next-Generation Conversion Systems Project Type / Topic 1 Laboratory Call for Submission of Applications for Research, Development and Analysis of Geothermal Technologies Project Type / Topic 2 Air-Cooling Project Description As the geothermal industry moves to use geothermal resources that are more expensive to develop, there will be increased incentive to use more efficient power plants. Because of increasing demand on finite supplies of water, this next generation of more efficient plants will likely need to reject heat sensibly to the ambient (air-cooling). This will be especially true in western states having higher grade Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) resources, as well as most hydrothermal resources. If one had a choice, an evaporative heat rejection system would be selected because it would provide both cost and performance advantages. The evaporative system, however, consumes a significant amount of water during heat rejection that would require makeup. Though they use no water, air-cooling systems have higher capital costs, reduced power output (heat is rejected at a higher temperature), lower power sales due to higher parasitics (fan power), and greater variability in power output (because of large variation in the dry-bulb temperature).
California Regional Wind Energy Forecasting System Development, Volume 4: California Wind Generation Research Dataset (CARD)
The rated capacity of wind generation in California is expected to grow rapidly in the future beyond the approximately 2100 megawatts in place at the end of 2005. The main drivers are the state's 20 percent renewable portfolio standard requirement in 2010 and the low cost of wind energy relative to other renewable energy sources. As wind is an intermittent generation resource and weather changes can cause large and rapid changes in output, system operators will need accurate and robust wind energy forec...
Proposed guidelines for reporting performance of a solar dish/Stirling electric generation system
Experimental performance data from dish/Stirling system testing can be analyzed to generate a system performance model. An approach to developing an experimentally based performance model of a dish/Stirling system is given. Two methods for analyzing the experimental data are described. To provide information that will permit comparison of dish/Stirling systems, it is necessary to define many of the details involved in calculating system performance data such as the net system output and system solar-to-electric efficiency. This paper describes a set of guidelines for these calculations, based on past experience, especially with the Vanguard dish/Stirling system. Also presented are a set of rating conditions at which a maximum value for system efficiency can be calculated. Comparison between systems of their rated peak solar-to-electric efficiency is made possible when these rating conditions are in common use by manufacturers and testing agencies.
Stine, W.B. [California State Polytechnic Univ., Pomona, CA (US). Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; Powell, M.A. [Sandia National Labs., Albuquerque, NM (US)
Integration of Variable Generation Forecasting into System Operations: Current Practices and Future Requirements
This project update provides the first output of the EPRI Bulk Renewable Integration Program Project P173-010, �Integration of Variable Generation Forecasts into System Operations.� This project, begun in 2013, aims to improve existing methods utilities/independent system operators (ISOs) use to integrate forecasts into system operations and develop new methods. This year�s goal was to identify current practices and future requirements. This was done by interacting with a wide ...
Comparative health and safety assessment of the satellite power system and other electrical generation alternatives
The work reported here is an analysis of existing data on the health and safety risks of a satellite power system and six electrical generation systems: a combined-cycle coal power system with a low-Btu gasifier and open-cycle gas turbine; a light water fission power system without fuel reprocessing; a liquid-metal, fast-breeder fission reactor; a centralized and decentralized, terrestrial, solar-photovoltaic power system; and a first-generation design for a fusion power system. The systems are compared on the basis of expected deaths and person-days lost per year associated with 1000 MW of average electricity generation. Risks are estimated and uncertainties indicated for all phases of the energy production cycle, including fuel and raw material extraction and processing, direct and indirect component manufacture, on-site construction, and system operation and maintenance. Also discussed is the potential significance of related major health and safety issues that remain largely unquantifiable. The appendices provide more detailed information on risks, uncertainties, additional research needed, and references for the identified impacts of each system.
EA-1862: Oneida Seven Generation Corporation Waste-To-Energy System,
62: Oneida Seven Generation Corporation Waste-To-Energy 62: Oneida Seven Generation Corporation Waste-To-Energy System, Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin EA-1862: Oneida Seven Generation Corporation Waste-To-Energy System, Ashwaubenon, Wisconsin Summary This EA evaluates the environmental impacts of a proposal by Oneida's Energy Recovery Project to construct and operate a solid waste-to-electricity power plant on vacant property within the Bayport Industrial Center in the City of Green Bay, Brown County, Wisconsin. This energy recovery process would involve bringing municipal solid waste into the plant for sizing (shredding), sorting (removing recyclable material), and conveying into one of three pyrolytic gasification systems. Public Comment Opportunities No public comment opportunities available at this time. Documents Available for Download
1052 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 25, NO. 2, MAY 2010 Co-Optimization of Generation Unit Commitment
grid controllability: to make better use of the existing system and meet growing demand with existing element , state . Maximum ramp up rate for generator . Maximum ramp down rate for generator . Maximum shutdown ramp rate for generator . Maximum startup ramp rate for generator . Number of periods. , Max
Oren, Shmuel S.
EIA - Distributed Generation in Buildings
Previous reports Previous reports Distributed Generation in Buildings - AEO2005 Modeling Distributed Electricity Generation in the NEMS Buildings Models - July 2002 Modeling Distributed Generation in the Buildings Sectors Supplement to the Annual Energy Outlook 2013 - Release date: August 29, 2013 Distributed and dispersed generation technologies generate electricity near the particular load they are intended to serve, such as a residential home or commercial building. EIA defines distributed generation (DG) as being connected to the electrical grid and intended to directly offset retail sales, and dispersed generation as being off-grid and often used for remote applications where grid-connected electricity is cost-prohibitive. Dispersed generation in the buildings sector is not currently gathered by
Siting and sizing of distributed generation units using GA and OPF
This paper deals with the important task of finding the optimal siting and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) units for a given distribution network so that the cost of active and reactive power generation can be minimized. The optimization technique ... Keywords: distributed generation, genetic alghorithm(GA), optimal power flow(OPF)
M. Hosseini Aliabadi; M. Mardaneh; B. Behbahan
Application of genetic algorithm to improve voltage regulation of self-excited induction generator in a wind energy conversion system
Self-excited induction generators have been found to be most suitable for wind energy conversion in remote locations. In this paper, an attempt has been made to improve the voltage regulation of self-excited induction generator (SEIG) using series compensation. ... Keywords: genetic algorithms, intelligent systems, modelling, renewable energy, self-excited induction generators, simulation, voltage regulation, wind energy conversion systems, wind power
Dheeraj Joshi; K. S. Sandhu; M. K. Soni
Integrated Advanced Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine System for Increased Utilization of Gaseous Opportunity Fuels
The project is addressing barriers to or opportunities for increasing distributed generation (DG)/combined heat and power (CHP) use in industrial applications using renewable/opportunity fuels. This project brings together novel gas quality sensor (GQS) technology with engine management for opportunity fuels such as landfill gas, digester gas and coal bed methane. By providing the capability for near real-time monitoring of the composition of these opportunity fuels, the GQS output can be used to improve the performance, increase efficiency, raise system reliability, and provide improved project economics and reduced emissions for engines used in distributed generation and combined heat and power.
Pratapas, John; Zelepouga, Serguei; Gnatenko, Vitaliy; Saveliev, Alexei; Jangale, Vilas; Li, Hailin; Getz, Timothy; Mather, Daniel
Cooldown control system for a combined cycle electrical power generation plant
This patent describes a combined cycle electrical power plant including a steam turbine, a heat recovery steam generator for supplying steam to the steam turbine, a gas turbine for supplying heat to the heat recovery steam generator. The steam generator and gas turbine both produce electrical power under load, and the gas turbine has a control circuit determining the operation therof. A cooldown control system is described for the power generation plant. The system comprises: first means for detecting one of a steaming condition and a non-steaming condition in the heat recovery steam generator; second means responsive to the steaming condition and to a gas turbine STOP signal for reducing the load of the gas turbine toward a minimum load level; third means responsive to the non-steaming condition and to the minimum load level being reached for generating a STOP command and applying the STOP command to the control circuit of the gas turbine, thereby to indicate a sequence of steps to stop the gas turbine.
Martens, A.; Snow, B.E.
Ionic Liquids for Utilization of Waste Heat from Distributed Power Generation Systems
The objective of this research project was the development of ionic liquids to capture and utilize waste heat from distributed power generation systems. Ionic Liquids (ILs) are organic salts that are liquid at room temperature and they have the potential to make fundamental and far-reaching changes in the way we use energy. In particular, the focus of this project was fundamental research on the potential use of IL/CO2 mixtures in absorption-refrigeration systems. Such systems can provide cooling by utilizing waste heat from various sources, including distributed power generation. The basic objectives of the research were to design and synthesize ILs appropriate for the task, to measure and model thermophysical properties and phase behavior of ILs and IL/CO2 mixtures, and to model the performance of IL/CO2 absorption-refrigeration systems.
Joan F. Brennecke; Mihir Sen; Edward J. Maginn; Samuel Paolucci; Mark A. Stadtherr; Peter T. Disser; Mike Zdyb
Extending and automating a Systems-Theoretic hazard analysis for requirements generation and analysis.
Systems Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA) is a powerful new hazard analysis method designed to go beyond traditional safety techniques - such as Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) - that overlook important causes of accidents like flawed requirements, dysfunctional component interactions, and software errors. While proving to be very effective on real systems, no formal structure has been defined for STPA and its application has been ad-hoc with no rigorous procedures or model-based design tools. This report defines a formal mathematical structure underlying STPA and describes a procedure for systematically performing an STPA analysis based on that structure. A method for using the results of the hazard analysis to generate formal safety-critical, model-based system and software requirements is also presented. Techniques to automate both the analysis and the requirements generation are introduced, as well as a method to detect conflicts between the safety and other functional model-based requirements during early development of the system.
Thomas, John (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
A new emergency lubricating-oil system for steam turbine generators: Final report
A positive-displacement pump, powered by a turbine-shaft driven permanent magnet generator (PMG) can be used to provide lubricating oil over nearly the entire turbine generator speed range. The concept offers high reliability through its simplicity; switchgear, batteries and other auxiliaries are eliminated by hard-wiring the PMG to the pump induction drive motor. In this study, an existing PMG supplying power to the electrohydraulic control (EHC) system was evaluated as the power supply for an induction motor-driven screw pump running in a ''wafting'' mode as a backup to a conventional dc emergency oil system. The screw pump rotates all the time that the turbine shaft turns; check valves allow it to deliver oil instantly if the system pressure falls. It was found that the pump drive motor would start and run reliably with no adverse effects on the PMG or the electrohydraulic control (EHC) system. 6 refs., 23 figs., 11 tabs.
Kalan, G.L.; Oney, W.R.; Steenburgh, J.H.; Elwell, R.C.
AN ADVANCE AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN INVENTION RIGHTS UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC26-01NT40779; W(A)-03-015, CH-1142 The Petitioner, Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company (GE HPGS), was awarded this cooperative agreement for the performance of work entitled, "Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Hybrid System for Distributed Power Generation". The purpose of the cooperative agreement is to develop and demonstrate the feasibility of a highly efficient hybrid system integrating a planar Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) and a turbogenerator. The proposed hybrid system is based on planar SOFC and turbogenerator power technologies. The focus of this work is to test a sub-scale SOFC and turbocharger hybrid
Generation Maintenance Applications Center: Combined-Cycle Combustion-Turbine Static Starting System Maintenance Guide
This guide provides information to assist personnel involved with the maintenance of combustion-turbine static start systems, planning, predictive, and preventive maintenance techniques; failure mode information; and troubleshooting guidance.BackgroundAs the fleet of combustion turbines grows, it is critical for the starting systems to be understood and properly maintained in order to ensure the reliability of combustion-turbine generating units and the ...
The life cycle CO2 emission performance of the DOE/NASA solar power satellite system: a comparison of alternative power generation systems in Japan
Solar power generation and, in particular, space solar power generation seem to be one of the most promising electric power generation technologies for reducing emissions of global warming gases (denoted collectively as CO2 emissions below). ... Keywords: Alternative technology, CO, Department of Energy (DOE)/NASA reference system, life cycle assessment (LCA), power generation, solar power satellite (SPS)
H. Hayami; M. Nakamura; K. Yoshioka
Towards a target platform independent specification and generation of information system apps
Mobile devices like smartphones are not merely voice communication devices. They offer the chance to promptly provide information to mobile users almost independent of their location. However, many potential information providers do not have the necessary ... Keywords: app generation, mobile information systems, user centered programming
Hagen H�pfner; Jonas Pencke; David Wiesner; Maximilian Schirmer
Rotor power feedback control of wind turbine system doubly-fed induction generator
The paper deals with a new system of wind turbine active power vector control. The already familiar cascade regulation with internal vector component feedback of rotor current and external active and reactive power feedbacks control of wind turbine has ... Keywords: DFIG rotor power regulator, doubly-fed induction generator, simulation, vector control
J. Smajo
Study on Aerodynamic Design of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Generator System
In this paper the choosing principles of design parameters and multi-airfoils in horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) generator system aerodynamic design are introduced. On the basis of the comparison analysis of wind turbine aerodynamic design method ... Keywords: Schmitz, airfoil, partial load, horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT), blade tip speed ratio (BTSR)
Li Dong; Mingfu Liao; Yingfeng Li; Xiaoping Song; Ke Xu
Power System Modeling of 20percent Wind-Generated Electricity by 2030
Price Reduction Offsetting demand for natural gas in the electricity sector by increasing wind energy�price reductions, and water savings. Index Terms�power system modeling, wind energywind energy to offset coal- and natural gas-based electricity generation analyzed here include decreased natural gas prices,
Hand, Maureen
ANN-based GA for generating the sizing curve of stand-alone photovoltaic systems
Recent advances in artificial intelligence techniques have allowed the application of such technologies in real engineering problems. In this paper, an artificial neural network-based genetic algorithm (ANN-GA) model was developed for generating the ... Keywords: ANN, ANN-GA, GA, Prediction, Sizing curve, Stand-alone PV system
Adel Mellit
Employing UMLS for generating hints in a tutoring system for medical problem-based learning
While problem-based learning has become widely popular for imparting clinical reasoning skills, the dynamics of medical PBL require close attention to a small group of students, placing a burden on medical faculty, whose time is over taxed. Intelligent ... Keywords: Hint generation, Intelligent tutoring systems, Knowledge acquisition bottleneck, Medical PBL, Ontology, UMLS
Hameedullah Kazi; Peter Haddawy; Siriwan Suebnukarn
A Review of Research Status on LVRT Technology in Doubly-fed Wind Turbine Generator System
This paper gave a detailed introduction and analysis on the research status and industrialization situation of current LVRT Technology in doubly-fed wind turbine generator (WTG) system. Starting with the urgency of LVRT research in China, the paper introduced ... Keywords: LVRT, doubly-fed, research status, review
Yun Wang; Dong-li Zhao; Bin Zhao; Hong-hua Xu
Next Generation Nuclear Plant Structures, Systems, and Components Safety Classification White Paper
This white paper outlines the relevant regulatory policy and guidance for a risk-informed approach for establishing the safety classification of Structures, Systems, and Components (SSCs) for the Next Generation Nuclear Plant and sets forth certain facts for review and discussion in order facilitate an effective submittal leading to an NGNP Combined Operating License application under 10 CFR 52.
Pete Jordan
Wind Turbine Generator System Safety and Function Test Report for the Entegrity EW50 Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a safety and function test that NREL conducted on the Entegrity EW50 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
Smith, J.; Huskey, A.; Jager, D.; Hur, J.
Wind Turbine Generator System Safety and Function Test Report for the Ventera VT10 Wind Turbine
This report summarizes the results of a safety and function test that NREL conducted on the Ventera VT10 wind turbine. This test was conducted in accordance with the International Electrotechnical Commissions' (IEC) standard, Wind Turbine Generator System Part 2: Design requirements for small wind turbines, IEC 61400-2 Ed.2.0, 2006-03.
Support and control system of the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant gas generation experiment glovebox
A glovebox was designed and fabricated to house test containers loaded with contact handled transuranic (CH-TRU) waste. The test containers were designed to simulate the environmental characteristics of the caverns at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). The support and control systems used to operate and maintain the Gas Generation Experiment (GGE) include the following: glovebox atmosphere and pressure control, test container support, glovebox operation support, and gas supply and exhaust systems. The glovebox atmosphere and pressure control systems consist of various components used to control both the pressure and quality of the argon atmosphere inside the glovebox. The glovebox pressure is maintained by three separate pressure control systems. The primary pressure control system is designed to maintain the glovebox at a negative pressure with the other two control systems serving as redundant safety backups. The quality of the argon atmosphere is controlled using a purifying bed system that removes oxygen and moisture. Glovebox atmosphere contaminants that are monitored on a continuous or periodic basis include moisture, oxygen, and nitrogen. The gas generation experiment requires the test containers to be filled with brine, leak tested, maintained at a constant temperature, and the gas head space of the test container sampled on a periodic basis. Test container support systems consisting of a brine addition system, leak test system, heating system, and gas sampling system were designed and implemented. A rupture disk system was constructed to provide pressure relief to the test containers. Operational requirements stipulated that test container temperature and pressure be monitored and collected on a continuous basis. A data acquisition system (DAS) was specifically designed to meet these requirements.
Benjamin, W.W.; Knight, C.J.; Michelbacher, J.A.; Rosenberg, K.E.
Technologies for CO{sub 2}-capture from advanced power-generation systems
The US power-generation industry generated about 1.5 billion metric tons of CO{sub 2} in 1990, with over 95% of that CO{sub 2} being generated by coal-fired utility boilers. Extensive use of coal for power generation is expected to continue for many years to come. Therefore, should capture and sequestration of CO{sub 2} be necessary, coal-fired power plants are likely to be primary targets for CO{sub 2} capture. This paper discusses opportunities and techniques for the capture of CO{sub 2} from the advanced power-generation systems that appear to be the leading candidates for widespread commercialization in the next two decades: integrated coal gasification-combined cycle (IGCC) and fuel cells. Retrofitting of conventional power plants for burning coal with O{sub 2} to facilitate CO{sub 2} capture was also investigated. A brief discussion of the impact of the CO{sub 2}-capture technology on the cost of power generation is also presented. Research and development needs of the CO{sub 2}-capture technologies are also identified. The results indicate that CO{sub 2} recovery from IGCC and fuel-cell plants is less complicated, less energy-intensive, and less costly than its recovery from conventional coal-fired power stations.
Wolsky, A.M.; Daniels, E.J.; Jody, B.J.
Effect of Al(OH)3 on the hydrogen generation of aluminumewater system Hsin-Te Teng a
Effect of Al(OH)3 on the hydrogen generation of aluminumewater system Hsin-Te Teng a , To-Ying Lee effect of Al(OH)3 powders on Al/H2O system for hydrogen generation was demonstrated. crystalline Al(OH)3 powder acts an effective additive to the Al/H2O system.
Cao, Guozhong
Short-Term PV Generation System Direct Power Prediction Model on Wavelet Neural Network and Weather Type Clustering
With the increase of the capacity of PV generated systems, how to eliminate the problem caused by the randomness of power output for photovoltaic system becomes more significant. Most of the existing photovoltaic prediction is Based on the solar radiation. ... Keywords: PV generation system, Wavelet neural network, Weather type clustering, Direct prediction
Ying Yang, Lei Dong
A Multi-State Model for the Reliability Assessment of a Distributed Generation System via Universal Generating Function
the power output of one solar module u-function of the power output of one solar module, Number of functioning solar modules in the solar generator Power output of a single solar module at solar irradiance-function of the mechanical condition of one renewable generator, Random variable representing the power output of a solar
Residential Energy Management system for optimization of on-site generation
Residential Energy Management system for optimization of on-site generation Residential Energy Management system for optimization of on-site generation with HVAC Speaker(s): Ram Narayanamurthy Date: October 29, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 As the individual movements towards Net Zero Energy Homes (NZEH) and the SmartGrid converge on residential buildings, three major challenges need to be addressed: Flatten the highly peaked electric load profile of low energy homes Provide easy integration of energy efficiency into existing homes Provide builders and consumers with visibility into building operation, and ease of management. A Home Energy Management System (HEMS) owned by the consumer, capable of two way communications with Utility DR/SmartGrid/AMI is required to resolve these challenges. The HEMS will need to increase energy efficiency of building operations, provide consumers feedback and
Process and apparatus for generating electricity in a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor system
A process and apparatus for generating electricity using a gas turbine as part of a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor system wherein coal is fed as a fuel in a slurry in which other constituents, including a sulfur sorbent such as limestone, are added. The coal is combusted with air in a pressurized combustion chamber wherein most of the residual sulfur in the coal is captured by the sulfur sorbent. After particulates are removed from the flue gas, the gas expands in a turbine, thereby generating electric power. The spent flue gas is cooled by heat exchange with system combustion air and/or system liquid streams, and the condensate is returned to the feed slurry. 1 fig.
Kasper, S.
Process for generating electricity in a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor system
A process and apparatus for generating electricity using a gas turbine as part of a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor system wherein coal is fed as a fuel in a slurry in which other constituents, including a sulfur sorbent such as limestone, are added. The coal is combusted with air in a pressurized combustion chamber wherein most of the residual sulfur in the coal is captured by the sulfur sorbent. After particulates are removed from the flue gas, the gas expands in a turbine, thereby generating electric power. The spent flue gas is cooled by heat exchange with system combustion air and/or system liquid streams, and the condensate is returned to the feed slurry.
Kasper, Stanley (Pittsburgh, PA)
Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems Ten-Year Program Plan Fiscal Year 2005, Volume 1
As reflected in the U.S. ''National Energy Policy'', nuclear energy has a strong role to play in satisfying our nation's future energy security and environmental quality needs. The desirable environmental, economic, and sustainability attributes of nuclear energy give it a cornerstone position, not only in the U.S. energy portfolio, but also in the world's future energy portfolio. Accordingly, on September 20, 2002, U.S. Energy Secretary Spencer Abraham announced that, ''The United States and nine other countries have agreed to develop six Generation IV nuclear energy concepts''. The Secretary also noted that the systems are expected to ''represent significant advances in economics, safety, reliability, proliferation resistance, and waste minimization''. The six systems and their broad, worldwide research and development (R&D) needs are described in ''A Technology Roadmap for Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems'' (hereafter referred to as the Generation IV Roadmap). The first 10 years of required U.S. R&D contributions to achieve the goals described in the Generation IV Roadmap are outlined in this Program Plan.
A Systems Engineering Framework for Design, Construction and Operation of the Next Generation Nuclear Plant
Not since the International Space Station has a project of such wide participation been proposed for the United States. Ten countries, the European Union, universities, Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories, and industry will participate in the research and development, design, construction and/or operation of the fourth generation of nuclear power plants with a demonstration reactor to be built at a DOE site and operational by the middle of the next decade. This reactor will be like no other. The Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP) will be passively safe, economical, highly efficient, modular, proliferation resistant, and sustainable. In addition to electrical generation, the NGNP will demonstrate efficient and cost effective generation of hydrogen to support the President�s Hydrogen Initiative. To effectively manage this multi-organizational and technologically complex project, systems engineering techniques and processes will be used extensively to ensure delivery of the final product. The technological and organizational challenges are complex. Research and development activities are required, material standards require development, hydrogen production, storage and infrastructure requirements are not well developed, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission may further define risk-informed/performance-based approach to licensing. Detailed design and development will be challenged by the vast cultural and institutional differences across the participants. Systems engineering processes must bring the technological and organizational complexity together to ensure successful product delivery. This paper will define the framework for application of systems engineering to this $1.5B - $1.9B project.
Edward J. Gorski; Charles V. Park; Finis H. Southworth
Method and apparatus for steam mixing a nuclear fueled electricity generation system
A method and apparatus for improving the efficiency and performance of a nuclear electrical generation system that comprises the addition of steam handling equipment to an existing plant that results in a surprising increase in plant performance. More particularly, a gas turbine electrical generation system with heat recovery boiler is installed along with a micro-jet high pressure and a low pressure mixer superheater. Depending upon plant characteristics, the existing moisture separator reheater (MSR) can be either augmented or done away with. The instant invention enables a reduction in T.sub.hot without a derating of the reactor unit, and improves efficiency of the plant's electrical conversion cycle. Coupled with this advantage is a possible extension of the plant's fuel cycle length due to an increased electrical conversion efficiency. The reduction in T.sub.hot further allows for a surprising extension of steam generator life. An additional advantage is the reduction in erosion/corrosion of secondary system components including turbine blades and diaphragms. The gas turbine generator used in the instant invention can also replace or augment existing peak or emergency power needs. Another benefit of the instant invention is the extension of plant life and the reduction of downtime due to refueling.
Tsiklauri, Georgi V. (Richland, WA); Durst, Bruce M. (Kennewick, WA)
Method and apparatus for improving the performance of a nuclear power electrical generation system
A method and apparatus for improving the efficiency and performance a of nuclear electrical generation system that comprises the addition of steam handling equipment to an existing plant that results in a surprising increase in plant performance. More particularly, a gas turbine electrical generation system with heat recovery boiler is installed along with a high pressure and a low pressure mixer superheater. Depending upon plant characteristics, the existing moisture separator reheater (MSR) can be either augmented or done away with. The instant invention enables a reduction in T.sub.hot without a derating of the reactor unit, and improves efficiency of the plant's electrical conversion cycle. Coupled with this advantage is a possible extension of the plant's fuel cycle length due to an increased electrical conversion efficiency. The reduction in T.sub.hot further allows for a surprising extension of steam generator life. An additional advantage is the reduction in erosion/corrosion of secondary system components including turbine blades and diaphragms. The gas turbine generator used in the instant invention can also replace or augment existing peak or emergency power needs.
Compatibility of Pt-3008 with selected components of the selenide isotope generator system
The first in a new generation of radioisotopic thermoelectric generators being built by Teledyne Energy Systems and designated the Selenide Isotope Generator has thermoelectric materials that can be degraded by reaction with O/sub 2/, H/sub 2/O, CO, and other gases. Consequently, for at least the first ground demonstration system a protective xenon atmosphere will be maintained over the thermoelectrics. The high-temperature portion of the atmosphere-retaining structure will be fabricated from the alloy Pt-3008 (Pt--30 wt % Rh--8 wt % W), which was developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. For this application Pt-3008 must be compatible with the various insulations and thermoelectric materials. A study of the compatibility of Pt-3008 with these materials and showed that Pt-3008 was embrittled after exposure to some of the insulations that were not adequately outgassed and by one of the thermoelectric materials (Cu/sub 2/Se) in some of the isothermal tests. It is believed that Pt-3008 will be compatible with the Selenide Isotope Generator materials when they are well outgassed and under the temperature gradient conditions of the operating system.
Keiser, J.R.
System on Chips optimization using ABV and automatic generation of SystemC codes
In complex System on Chips (SoCs), system level platforms are built around a set of IPs including processor cores, memories and dedicated hardware (FPGA, ASIC). The better for modeling is using a single system level language during implementation. However, ... Keywords: ABV, CA, PSL, PV, PVT, RTL, SoC
Younes Lahbib; Meriam Kallel; Ayoub Dhouib; Maher Hechkel; Antoine Perrin; Rached Tourki
Tungsten-188/carrier-free rhenium-188 perrhenic acid generator system
A generator system for providing a carrier-free radioisotope in the form of an acid comprises a chromatography column in tandem fluid connection with an ion exchange column, the chromatography column containing a charge of a radioactive parent isotope. The chromatography column, charged with a parent isotope, is eluted with an alkali metal salt solution to generate the radioisotope in the form of an intermediate solution, which is passed through the ion-exchange column to convert the radioisotope to a carrier-free acid form.
Knapp, Jr., Furn F. (Oak Ridge, TN); Lisic, Edward C. (Cookeville, TN); Mirzadeh, Saed (Knoxville, TN); Callahan, Alvin P. (Harriman, TN)
In order to make a PV power generation system survive as an economically viable option against other renewable energy sources, drastic reduction of energy cost is inevitable. The authors have been working on the development of a unique PV system to reduce total system cost including solar panel, power conversion unit and installation work [I]. In the proposed concept, AC photovoltaic device and adhesive mounting method were introduced for the dedicated use in power station. By introducing this concept, it is feasible that the system cost will be reduced to 113 compared to the conventional system. The authors believe that the concept is suitable for very large-scale PV systems in desert areas. 1.
Kimitoshi Fukae; Akiharu Takabayashi; Shigenori Itoyama; Ichiro Kataoka; Hidehisa Makita; Masaaki Matsushita; Takaaki Mukai; Nobuyoshi Takehara; Masaki Konishi
Heat Transfer and Thermophotovoltaic Power Generation in Oil-fired Heating Systems
The focus of this study is the production of electric power in an oil-fired, residential heatingsystem using thermophotovoltaic (TPV) conversion devices. This work uses experimental, computational, and analytical methods to investigate thermal mechanisms that drive electric power production in the TPV systems. An objective of this work is to produce results that will lead to the development of systems that generate enough electricity such that the boiler is self-powering. An important design constraint employed in this investigation is the use of conventional, yellow-flame oil burners, integrated with a typical boiler. The power production target for the systems developed here is 100 W - the power requirement for a boiler that uses low-power auxiliary components. The important heattransfer coupling mechanisms that drive power production in the systems studied are discussed. The results of this work may lead to the development of systems that export power to the home electric system.
Butcher, T.; Hammonds, J.S.; Horne, E.; Kamath, B.; Carpenter, J.; Woods, D.R.
Cover and startup gas supply system for solid oxide fuel cell generator
A cover and startup gas supply system for a solid oxide fuel cell power generator is disclosed. Hydrocarbon fuel, such as natural gas or diesel fuel, and oxygen-containing gas are supplied to a burner. Combustion gas exiting the burner is cooled prior to delivery to the solid oxide fuel cell. The system mixes the combusted hydrocarbon fuel constituents with hydrogen which is preferably stored in solid form to obtain a non-explosive gas mixture. The system may be used to provide both non-explosive cover gas and hydrogen-rich startup gas to the fuel cell. 4 figs.
Singh, P.; George, R.A.
A cover and startup gas supply system for a solid oxide fuel cell power generator is disclosed. Hydrocarbon fuel, such as natural gas or diesel fuel, and oxygen-containing gas are supplied to a burner. Combustion gas exiting the burner is cooled prior to delivery to the solid oxide fuel cell. The system mixes the combusted hydrocarbon fuel constituents with hydrogen which is preferably stored in solid form to obtain a non-explosive gas mixture. The system may be used to provide both non-explosive cover gas and hydrogen-rich startup gas to the fuel cell.
Singh, Prabhakar (Export, PA); George, Raymond A. (Pittsburgh, PA)
How do firms promote stability in an evolving technological system? : - The case of second generation biofuels in Norway.
??This thesis aims to increase the understanding of the formative phase of an evolving technological innovation system (TIS) related to second generation (2G) biofuels in� (more)
Blomberg, Line Elisabeth
Modeling and Verification of Distributed Generation and Voltage Regulation Equipment for Unbalanced Distribution Power Systems; Annual Subcontract Report, June 2007
This report summarizes the development of models for distributed generation and distribution circuit voltage regulation equipment for unbalanced power systems and their verification through actual field measurements.
Davis, M. W.; Broadwater, R.; Hambrick, J.
Performance Improvement of Doubly Fed Induction Generator-based Wind Energy Conversion System during Various Internal Converter Faults.
??The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind energy conversion system (WECS) currently dominates the wind energy market due to its advantages over other WECSs. In� (more)
Abdou, Ahmed
Control strategies of doubly fed induction generator-based wind turbine system with new rotor current protection topology
A protection scheme of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbine system during faults is crowbar activation. With this protection
Jackson John Justo; Kyoung-Soo Ro
Learning and cost reductions for generating technologies in the national energy modeling system (NEMS)
This report describes how Learning-by-Doing (LBD) is implemented endogenously in the National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) for generating plants. LBD is experiential learning that correlates to a generating technology's capacity growth. The annual amount of Learning-by-Doing affects the annual overnight cost reduction. Currently, there is no straightforward way to integrate and make sense of all the diffuse information related to the endogenous learning calculation in NEMS. This paper organizes the relevant information from the NEMS documentation, source code, input files, and output files, in order to make the model's logic more accessible. The end results are shown in three ways: in a simple spreadsheet containing all the parameters related to endogenous learning; by an algorithm that traces how the parameters lead to cost reductions; and by examples showing how AEO 2004 forecasts the reduction of overnight costs for generating technologies over time.
Gumerman, Etan; Marnay, Chris
The River Protection Project (RPP) mission is to safely store, retrieve, treat, immobilize, and dispose of the Hanford Site tank waste. The Demonstration Bulk Vitrification System (DBVS) is a research and development project whose objective is to demonstrate the suitability of Bulk Vitrification treatment technology waste form for disposing of low-activity waste from the Tank Farms. The objective of this calculation is to determine the DBVS melter inleakage and off-gas generation rate based on full scale testing data from 38D. This calculation estimates the DBVS melter in leakage and gas generation rate based on test data. Inleakage is estimated before the melt was initiated, at one point during the melt, and at the end of the melt. Maximum gas generation rate is also estimated.
Assessment of fibrous insulation materials for the selenide isotope generator system
Fibrous insulations for use in the converter and the heat source of the radioisotope-powered, selenide element, thermoelectric generator (selenide isotope generator) are assessed. The most recent system design and material selection basis is presented. Several fibrous insulation materials which have the potential for use as load-bearing or nonload-bearing thermal insulations are reviewed, and thermophysical properties supplied by manufacturers or published in the literature are presented. Potential problems with the application of fibrous insulations in the selenide isotope generator are as follows: compatibility with graphite, the thermoelectric elements, and the isolation hot frame; devitrification, grain growth, and sintering with an accompanying degradation of insulation quality; impurity diffusion from the insulation to adjoining structures; outgassing and storage of fibrous materials. Areas in which thermophysical data or quantitative information on the insulation and structural stability is lacking are identified.
Wei, G.C; Tennery, V.J.
Wind turbine generators having wind assisted cooling systems and cooling methods
A wind generator includes: a nacelle; a hub carried by the nacelle and including at least a pair of wind turbine blades; and an electricity producing generator including a stator and a rotor carried by the nacelle. The rotor is connected to the hub and rotatable in response to wind acting on the blades to rotate the rotor relative to the stator to generate electricity. A cooling system is carried by the nacelle and includes at least one ambient air inlet port opening through a surface of the nacelle downstream of the hub and blades, and a duct for flowing air from the inlet port in a generally upstream direction toward the hub and in cooling relation to the stator.
Bagepalli, Bharat (Niskayuna, NY); Barnes, Gary R. (Delanson, NY); Gadre, Aniruddha D. (Rexford, NY); Jansen, Patrick L. (Scotia, NY); Bouchard, Jr., Charles G. (Schenectady, NY); Jarczynski, Emil D. (Scotia, NY); Garg, Jivtesh (Cambridge, MA)
The market for power generation equipment is undergoing a tremendous transformation. The traditional electric utility industry is restructuring, promising new opportunities and challenges for all facilities to meet their demands for electric and thermal energy. Now more than ever, facilities have a host of options to choose from, including new distributed generation (DG) technologies that are entering the market as well as existing DG options that are improving in cost and performance. The market is beginning to recognize that some of these users have needs beyond traditional grid-based power. Together, these changes are motivating commercial and industrial facilities to re-evaluate their current mix of energy services. One of the emerging generating options is a new breed of advanced fuel cells. While there are a variety of fuel cell technologies being developed, the solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) are especially promising, with their electric efficiency expected around 50-60 percent and their ability to generate either hot water or high quality steam. In addition, they both have the attractive characteristics of all fuel cells--relatively small siting footprint, rapid response to changing loads, very low emissions, quiet operation, and an inherently modular design lending itself to capacity expansion at predictable unit cost with reasonably short lead times. The objectives of this project are to:(1) Estimate the market potential for high efficiency fuel cell hybrids in the U.S.;(2) Segment market size by commercial, industrial, and other key markets;(3) Identify and evaluate potential early adopters; and(4) Develop results that will help prioritize and target future R&D investments. The study focuses on high efficiency MCFC- and SOFC-based hybrids and competing systems such as gas turbines, reciprocating engines, fuel cells and traditional grid service. Specific regions in the country have been identified where these technologies and the corresponding early adopters are likely to be located.
Sy Ali
Optimization of disk generator performance for base-load power plant systems applications
Disk generators for use in base-load MHD power plants are examined for both open-cycle and closed-cycle operating modes. The OCD cases are compared with PSPEC results for a linear channel; enthalpy extractions up to 23% with 71% isentropic efficiency are achievable with generator inlet conditions similar to those used in PSPEC, thus confirming that the disk configuration is a viable alternative for base-load power generation. The evaluation of closed-cycle disks includes use of a simplified cycle model. High system efficiencies over a wide range of power levels are obtained for effective Hall coefficients in the range 2.3 to 4.9. Cases with higher turbulence (implying ..beta../sub eff/ less than or equal to 2.4) yield high system efficiencies at power levels of 100 to 500 MW/sub e/. All these CCD cases compare favorably with linear channels reported in the GE ECAS study, yielding higher isentropic efficiences for a given enthalpy extraction. Power densities in the range 70 to 170 MW/m/sup 3/ appear feasible, leading to very compact generator configurations.
Teare, J.D.; Loubsky, W.J.; Lytle, J.K.; Louis, J.F.
An Optimization and Assessment on DG adoption in JapanesePrototype Buildings
This research investigates a method of choosing economicallyoptimal DER, expanding on prior studies at the Berkeley Lab using the DERdesign optimization program, the Distributed Energy Resources CustomerAdoption Model (DER-CAM). DER-CAM finds the optimal combination ofinstalled equipment from available DER technologies, given prevailingutility tariffs, site electrical and thermal loads, and a menu ofavailable equipment. It provides a global optimization, albeit idealized,that shows how the site energy load scan be served at minimum cost byselection and operation of on-site generation, heat recovery, andcooling. Five prototype Japanese commercial buildings are examined andDER-CAM applied to select thee conomically optimal DER system for each.The five building types are office, hospital, hotel, retail, and sportsfacility. Based on the optimization results, energy and emissionreductions are evaluated. Furthermore, a Japan-U.S. comparison study ofpolicy, technology, and utility tariffs relevant to DER installation ispresented. Significant decreases in fuel consumption, carbon emissions,and energy costs were seen in the DER-CAM results. Savings were mostnoticeable in the sports facility, followed by the hospital, hotel, andoffice building.
Zhou, Nan; Marnay, Chris; Firestone, Ryan; Gao, Weijun; Nishida,Masaru
JRN 19 2006 15:31 FR IPL DOE CH 630 252 2779 TO AGCP-HQ P.02/03 JRN 19 2006 15:31 FR IPL DOE CH 630 252 2779 TO AGCP-HQ P.02/03 * * STATEMENT OF CONSIDERATIONS REQUEST BY HYBRID POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS, LLC FOR AN ADVANCE WAIVER OF PATENT RIGHTS UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC36-04G014351 ENTITLED "HIGH PERFORMANCE FLEXIBLE REVERSIBLE SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELL"; W(A)-04-080; CH-1259 As set out in the attached waiver petition and in subsequent discussions with DOE patent counsel, Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC (Hybrid Power), a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company (GE), has requested an advance waiver of domestic and foreign patent rights for all subject inventions made under the above-identified cooperative agreement by its employees and its subcontractors' employees, regardless of tier, except
Laboratories for the 21st Century: Best Practices (Brochure): Onsite Distributed Generation Systems For Laboratories
L L a b o r a t o r i e s f o r t h e 2 1 s t C e n t u r y : B e s t P r a c t i c e s This combined heat and power system at the Bristol-Myers Squibb laboratory in Wallingford, Connecticut, could meet 100% of the lab's power requirement, if necessary. Bernard Blesinger / PIX 12552 ONSITE DISTRIBUTED GENERATION SYSTEMS FOR LABORATORIES Introduction Laboratories have unique requirements for lighting, ventilation, and scientific equipment with each requiring a considerable amount of energy. The reliability of that energy is very important. Laboratories must be able to conduct research without power interruptions, which can damage both equipment and experiments. Generating power and heat on site is one good way to enhance energy reliability, improve fuel utilization efficiency, reduce utility costs,
This paper provides an overview of the methodology approach developed by the Generation IV International Forum Expert Group on Proliferation Resistance & Physical Protection for evaluation of Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection robustness of Generation IV nuclear energy systems options. The methodology considers a set of alternative systems and evaluates their resistance or robustness to a collection of potential threats. For the challenges considered, the response of the system to these challenges is assessed and expressed in terms of outcomes. The challenges to the system are given by the threats posed by potential proliferant States and sub-national adversaries on the nuclear systems. The characteristics of the Generation IV systems, both technical and institutional, are used to evaluate their response to the threats and determine their resistance against the proliferation threats and robustness against sabotage and theft threats. System response encompasses three main elements: (1) System Element Identification. The nuclear energy system is decomposed into smaller elements (subsystems) at a level amenable to further analysis. (2) Target Identification and Categorization. A systematic process is used to identify and select representative targets for different categories of pathways, within each system element, that actors (proliferant States or adversaries) might choose to use or attack. (3) Pathway Identification and Refinement. Pathways are defined as potential sequences of events and actions followed by the proliferant State or adversary to achieve its objectives (proliferation, theft or sabotage). For each target, individual pathway segments are developed through a systematic process, analyzed at a high level, and screened where possible. Segments are connected into full pathways and analyzed in detail. The outcomes of the system response are expressed in terms of PR&PP measures. Measures are high-level characteristics of a pathway that include information important to the evaluation methodology users and to the decisions of a proliferant State or adversary. They are first evaluated for segments and then aggregated for complete pathways. Results are aggregated as appropriate to permit pathway comparisons and system assessment. The paper highlights the current achievements in the development of the Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection Evaluation Methodology. The way forward is also briefly presented together with some conclusions.
Evaluation Methodology For Proliferation Resistance And Physical Protection Of Generation IV Nuclear Energy Systems: An Overview
This paper provides an overview of the methodology approach developed by the Generation IV International Forum Expert Group on Proliferation Resistance & Physical Protection for evaluation of Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection robustness of Generation IV nuclear energy systems options. The methodology considers a set of alternative systems and evaluates their resistance or robustness to a collection of potential threats. For the challenges considered, the response of the system to these challenges is assessed and expressed in terms of outcomes. The challenges to the system are given by the threats posed by potential proliferant States and sub-national adversaries on the nuclear systems. The characteristics of the Generation IV systems, both technical and institutional, are used to evaluate their response to the threats and determine their resistance against the proliferation threats and robustness against sabotage and theft threats. System response encompasses three main elements: 1.System Element Identification. The nuclear energy system is decomposed into smaller elements (subsystems) at a level amenable to further analysis. 2.Target Identification and Categorization. A systematic process is used to identify and select representative targets for different categories of pathways, within each system element, that actors (proliferant States or adversaries) might choose to use or attack. 3.Pathway Identification and Refinement. Pathways are defined as potential sequences of events and actions followed by the proliferant State or adversary to achieve its objectives (proliferation, theft or sabotage). For each target, individual pathway segments are developed through a systematic process, analyzed at a high level, and screened where possible. Segments are connected into full pathways and analyzed in detail. The outcomes of the system response are expressed in terms of PR&PP measures. Measures are high-level characteristics of a pathway that include information important to the evaluation methodology users and to the decisions of a proliferant State or adversary. They are first evaluated for segments and then aggregated for complete pathways. Results are aggregated as appropriate to permit pathway comparisons and system assessment. The paper highlights the current achievements in the development of the Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection Evaluation Methodology. The way forward is also briefly presented together with some conclusions.
T. Bjornard; R. Bari; R. Nishimura; P. Peterson; J. Roglans; D. Bley; J. Cazalet; G.G.M. Cojazzi; P. Delaune; M. Golay; G. Rendad; G. Rochau; M. Senzaki; I. Therios; M. Zentner
Short-Term Shutdown Guidance for Steam Turbine-Generators and Auxiliary Systems
This report provides guidelines on the methods that utilities should consider to protect operating equipment when it is removed from service for short periods of time. The equipment and systems considered in this report include the steam turbine, generator, exciter, feedwater heaters, and related auxiliaries. The timeframe for this report includes outage periods from a weekend to six months. Improper layup can cause long-term equipment damage and premature failure. Increased shutdown frequency and durati...
INVESTIGATION OF MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC POWER GENERATION. VOLUME I. SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING. Final Report
A system analysis was performed to establish the design and performance characteristics of 250- and 1000-Mev MHD generators. The results are presented, and the necessary equations are derived. The results of environmental tests that investigated boundary and bulk conductivity, structural concepts, and combustion phenomena are included. The other five volumes of the report are summarized, together with the principal conclusions. (D.C.W.)
Integration and operation of post-combustion capture system on coal-fired power generation: load following and peak power
Coal-fired power plants with post combustion capture and sequestration (CCS) systems have a variety of challenges to integrate the steam generation, air quality control, cooling water systems and steam turbine with the ...
Brasington, Robert David, S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Enterprise design for services : a systems approach for the Boeing next generation corporate travel system architecture
Typically a company's second largest controllable expense, corporate travel affects many employees at Boeing. A challenge when implementing improvements in the travel and expense system, which is actually comprised of a ...
Silva, Hector E
Turbine-Generator Auxiliary Systems, Volume 5: Main and Feedpump Turbine Trip Systems
This report describes the trip systems for the mechanical hydraulic control (MHC) and electrohydraulic control (EHC) main turbine and feedpump turbines for the General Electric (GE) and Siemens Westinghouse (SW) units in the United States.
Program on Technology Innovation: Identification of Embedded Applications for New and Emerging Distributed Generation Technologies
Novel distributed generation (DG) technologies hold the potential of serving the needs of a variety of end-use applications, both existing as well as emerging. This report describes some of the emerging end-use applications and evaluates their potential for integration with distributed generation applications. The analysis addresses their value in terms of modularity, environmental friendliness, and favorable production economics.
Assessment of effectiveness of geologic isolation systems. CIRMIS data system. Volume 3. Generator routines
The Assessment of Effectiveness of Geologic Isolation Systems (AEGIS) Program is developing and applying the methodology for assessing the far-field, long-term post-closure safety of deep geologic nuclear waste repositories. AEGIS is being performed by Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL) under contract with the Office of Nuclear Waste Isolation (ONWI) for the Department of Energy (DOE). One task within AEGIS is the development of methodology for analysis of the consequences (water pathway) from loss of repository containment as defined by various release scenarios. The various input parameters required in the analysis are compiled in data systems. The data are organized and prepared by various input subroutines for utilization by the hydraulic and transport codes. The hydrologic models simulate the groundwater flow systems and provide water flow directions, rates, and velocities as inputs to the transport models. Outputs from the transport models are basically graphs of radionuclide concentration in the groundwater plotted against time. After dilution in the receiving surface-water body (e.g., lake, river, bay), these data are the input source terms for the dose models, if dose assessments are required. The dose models calculate radiation dose to individuals and populations. CIRMIS (Comprehensive Information Retrieval and Model Input Sequence) Data System, a storage and retrieval system for model input and output data, including graphical interpretation and display is described. This is the third of four volumes of the description of the CIRMIS Data System.
Friedrichs, D.R.; Argo, R.S.
Development, Demonstration, and Field Testing of Enterprise-Wide Distributed Generation Energy Management System: Final Report
This report details progress on subcontract NAD-1-30605-1 between the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and RealEnergy (RE), the purpose of which is to describe RE's approach to the challenges it faces in the implementation of a nationwide fleet of clean cogeneration systems to serve contemporary energy markets. The Phase 2 report covers: utility tariff risk and its impact on market development; the effect on incentives on distributed energy markets; the regulatory effectiveness of interconnection in California; a survey of practical field interconnection issues; trend analysis for on-site generation; performance of dispatch systems; and information design hierarchy for combined heat and power.
Greenberg, S.; Cooley, C.
Pipeline natural gas is being considered as the fuel of choice for utilization in fuel cell-based distributed generation systems because of its abundant supply and the existing supply infrastructure (1). For effective utilization in fuel cells, pipeline gas requires efficient removal of sulfur impurities (naturally occurring sulfur compounds or sulfur bearing odorants) to prevent the electrical performance degradation of the fuel cell system. Sulfur odorants such as thiols and sulfides are added to pipeline natural gas and to LPG to ensure safe handling during transportation and utilization. The odorants allow the detection of minute gas line leaks, thereby minimizing the potential for explosions or fires.
King, David L.; Birnbaum, Jerome C.; Singh, Prabhakar
Energy storage transformer power conditioning systems for Megajoule class flux compression generators
Circuit and energy storage transformer configurations are developed to match high impedance loads to low impedance sources. With the secondary open, a large di/dt is produced in the primary circuit by inserting a resistance, characteristic of an opening switch, and the load circuit is connected using a preset spark gap. Transformer design concepts using a foil-MYLAR ''sandwich'' for the secondary winding are described, permitting close primary-secondary coupling. Transformer experiments driven by a 0.25 MJ capacitor bank support the overall system concepts. A compact flux compression generator-transformer system is described.
Reinovsky, R.E.; Colclaser, R.G.; Welby, J.M.; Lopez, E.A.
Market survey of geothermal wellhead power generation systems. Final report, March 1978
The purpose of this study was to assess the market potential for a portable geothermal wellhead power conversion device (1-10 MW generating capacity). Major study objectives included identifying the most promising applications for such a system, the potential impediments confronting their industrialization, and the various government actions needed to overcome these impediments. The heart of the study was a series of structured interviews with key decision-making individuals in the various disciplines of the geothermal community. In addition, some technical and economic analyses of a candidate system were performed to support the feasibility of the basic concept.
Leeds, M.W.; Evensizer, J.
Steam Generator Management Program: Effects of Different pH Control Agents on Pressurized Water Reactor Plant Systems and Components
Corrosion of materials in the condensate, feedwater, and drain systems of PWRs generates a significant amount of corrosion products in the secondary cycle. These corrosion products are generally transported into the steam generators and deposit on tubing surfaces, tubesheets, and tube support plates. Increased corrosion results in elevated levels of undesired corrosion products being deposited into the steam generators. To minimize corrosion of the secondary system components, control of pH in the second...
Voluntary markets for ''green'' power, and mandatory policies such as fuel source disclosure requirements and renewables portfolio standards, each rely on the ability to differentiate electricity by the ''attributes'' of the generation. Throughout North America, electricity markets are devising accounting and verification systems for generation ''attributes'': those characteristics of a power plant's production such as fuel source and emissions that differentiate it from undifferentiated (or ''commodity'') electricity. These accounting and verification systems are intended to verify compliance with market mandates, create accurate disclosure labels, substantiate green power claims, and support emissions markets. Simultaneously, interest is growing in transacting (importing or exporting) generation attributes across electricity market borders, with or without associated electricity. Cross-border renewable attribute transactions have advantages and disadvantages. Broad access to markets may encourage more renewable generation at lower cost, but this result may conflict with desires to assure that at least some renewable resources are built locally to achieve either local policy goals or purchaser objectives. This report is intended to serve as a resource document for those interested in and struggling with cross-border renewable attribute transactions. The report assesses the circumstances under which renewable generation attributes from a ''source'' region might be recognized in a ''sink'' region. The report identifies several distinct approaches that might be used to account for and verify attribute import and export transactions, and assesses the suitability of these alternative approaches. Because policymakers have often made systems ''compatibility'' between market areas a pre-requisite to allowing cross-border renewable transactions, this report develops criteria for ''compatible information systems.'' Where fully compatible information systems do not exist, certain cross-border attribute transactions may still be deemed suitably credible and verifiable to be recognized; this report also identifies possible criteria for such ''compatible transactions.'' The importance of credibly addressing imports and exports of renewable energy attributes should be evident. A lack of clarity as to what generation can and cannot be recognized in various markets can paralyze investment in and contracting for renewable generation. The development of rules for imports and exports will also minimize the potential for ''double counting'' of renewable energy attributes, will help define where and at what cost renewable plants will be built, and will directly impact the location of the benefits that renewable generation provides. This report ultimately concludes that the ''correct'' approach to treating renewable energy imports and exports depends on the context and motivations behind the transaction or the mandate, and that the presence of practical constraints or multiple objectives of ten make selecting the best approach difficult. That said, the report urges those creating market rules to move quickly in defining valid cross-border transaction structures and to consider the implications of their decisions on the creation of viable markets for new renewable generation.
Optimal Design of Integration of Intelligent, Adaptive Solar (PV) Power Generator with Grid for Domestic Energy Management System
This paper introduces a novel system based on integration of solar power generator with grid for optimal utilization of energy by minimizing the power drawn from grid. A prototype grid integrated PV system comprising of PV module (2*75Wp), battery bank ... Keywords: Solar power Generator (SPG), Domestic Energy Management, Bi-directional Inverter, Photovoltaic(PV), Total Harmonic Distortion (THD)
S. N. Singh; Pooja Singh; Swati Kumari; Swati
Model of variable speed constant frequency double fed wind power generation system and analysis of its operating performance
Structure of variable speed constant frequency double fed wind power generation system (WPGS) was analyzed, and its model was established. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control, constant power control and vector control for WPGS were discussed. ... Keywords: operating performance, variable speed constant frequency, vector control, wind power generation system
Pan Tinglong; Ji Zhicheng
A peak power tracker for low-power permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator-based wind energy conversion systems
This paper presents the results of experimental investigation of a low-power wind energy conversion system (WECS), based on a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected directly to the turbine. A test rig was built in order to carry out ... Keywords: hardware-in-the-loop simulation, maximum power point tracking, optimal control, permanent-magnet synchronous generator, wind system
A prototype on-line work procedure system for radioisotope thermoelectric generator production
An on-line system to manage work procedures is being developed to support radioisotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) assembly and testing in a new production facility. This system implements production work procedures as interactive electronic documents executed at the work site with no intermediate printed form. It provides good control of the creation and application of work procedures and provides active assistance to the worker in performing them and in documenting the results. An extensive prototype of this system is being evaluated to ensure that it will have all the necessary features and that it will fit the user's needs and expectations. This effort has involved the Radioisotope Power Systems Facility (RPSF) operations organization and technology transfer between Westinghouse Hanford Company (Westinghouse Hanford) and EG G Mound Applied Technologies Inc. (Mound) at the US Department of Energy (DOE) Mound Site. 1 ref.
Kiebel, G.R.
Advanced Soldier Thermoelectric Power System for Power Generation from Battlefield Heat Sources
The U.S. military uses large amounts of fuel during deployments and battlefield operations. This project sought to develop a lightweight, small form-factor, soldier-portable advanced thermoelectric (TE) system prototype to recover and convert waste heat from various deployed military equipment (i.e., diesel generators/engines, incinerators, vehicles, and potentially mobile kitchens), with the ultimate purpose of producing power for soldier battery charging, advanced capacitor charging, and other battlefield power applications. The technical approach employed microchannel technology, a unique �power panel� approach to heat exchange/TE system integration, and newly-characterized LAST (lead-antimony-silver-telluride) and LASTT (lead-antimony-silver-tin-telluride) TE materials segmented with bismuth telluride TE materials in designing a segmented-element TE power module and system. This project researched never-before-addressed system integration challenges (thermal expansion, thermal diffusion, electrical interconnection, thermal and electrical interfaces) of designing thin �power panels� consisting of alternating layers of thin, microchannel heat exchangers (hot and cold) sandwiching thin, segmented-element TE power generators. The TE properties, structurally properties, and thermal fatigue behavior of LAST and LASTT materials were developed and characterized such that the first segmented-element TE modules using LAST / LASTT materials were fabricated and tested at hot-side temperatures = 400 �C and cold-side temperatures = 40 �C. LAST / LASTT materials were successfully segmented with bismuth telluride and electrically interconnected with diffusion barrier materials and copper strapping within the module electrical circuit. A TE system design was developed to produce 1.5-1.6 kW of electrical energy using these new TE modules from the exhaust waste heat of 60-kW Tactical Quiet Generators as demonstration vehicles.
Hendricks, Terry J.; Hogan, Tim; Case, Eldon D.; Cauchy, Charles J.
other than distributed generation. The cost reductionsWind Solar Thermal Photovoltaic Distributed Generation-Base Distributed Generation-Peak D Vintage PLANT TYPE C
Analysis of the electrical harmonic characteristics of a slip recovery variable speed generating system for wind turbine applications
Variable speed electric generating technology can enhance the general use of wind energy in electric utility applications. This enhancement results from two characteristic properties of variable speed wind turbine generators: an improvement in drive train damping characteristics, which results in reduced structural loading on the entire wind turbine system, and an improvement in the overall efficiency by using a more sophisticated electrical generator. Electronic converter systems are the focus of this investigation -- in particular, the properties of a wound-rotor induction generator with the slip recovery system and direct-current link converter. Experience with solid-state converter systems in large wind turbines is extremely limited. This report presents measurements of electrical performances of the slip recovery system and is limited to the terminal characteristics of the system. Variable speed generating systems working effectively in utility applications will require a satisfactory interface between the turbine/generator pair and the utility network. The electrical testing described herein focuses largely on the interface characteristics of the generating system. A MOD-O wind turbine was connected to a very strong system; thus, the voltage distortion was low and the total harmonic distortion in the utility voltage was less than 3% (within the 5% limit required by most utilities). The largest voltage component of a frequency below 60 Hz was 40 dB down from the 60-Hz< component. 8 refs., 14 figs., 8 tabs.
Herrera, J.I.; Reddoch, T.W.
Simulation of one-minute power output from utility-scale photovoltaic generation systems.
We present an approach to simulate time-synchronized, one-minute power output from large photovoltaic (PV) generation plants in locations where only hourly irradiance estimates are available from satellite sources. The approach uses one-minute irradiance measurements from ground sensors in a climatically and geographically similar area. Irradiance is translated to power using the Sandia Array Performance Model. Power output is generated for 2007 in southern Nevada are being used for a Solar PV Grid Integration Study to estimate the integration costs associated with various utility-scale PV generation levels. Plant designs considered include both fixed-tilt thin-film, and single-axis-tracked polycrystalline Si systems ranging in size from 5 to 300 MW{sub AC}. Simulated power output profiles at one-minute intervals were generated for five scenarios defined by total PV capacity (149.5 MW, 222 WM, 292 MW, 492 MW, and 892 MW) each comprising as many as 10 geographically separated PV plants.
Stein, Joshua S.; Ellis, Abraham; Hansen, Clifford W.
Gauge Field Generation on Large-Scale GPU-Enabled Systems
Over the past years GPUs have been successfully applied to the task of inverting the fermion matrix in lattice QCD calculations. Even strong scaling to capability-level supercomputers, corresponding to O(100) GPUs or more has been achieved. However strong scaling a whole gauge field generation algorithm to this regim requires significantly more functionality than just having the matrix inverter utilizing the GPUs and has not yet been accomplished. This contribution extends QDP-JIT, the migration of SciDAC QDP++ to GPU-enabled parallel systems, to help to strong scale the whole Hybrid Monte-Carlo to this regime. Initial results are shown for gauge field generation with Chroma simulating pure Wilson fermions on OLCF TitanDev.
Winter, Frank
Frank Winter
The Wind Energy Deployment System model was used to estimate the costs and benefits associated with producing 20% of the nation's electricity from wind technology by 2030. This generation capacity expansion model selects from electricity generation technologies that include pulverized coal plants, combined cycle natural gas plants, combustion turbine natural gas plants, nuclear plants, and wind technology to meet projected demand in future years. Technology cost and performance projections, as well as transmission operation and expansion costs, are assumed. This study demonstrates that producing 20% of the nation's projected electricity demand in 2030 from wind technology is technically feasible, not cost-prohibitive, and provides benefits in the forms of carbon emission reductions, natural gas price reductions, and water savings.
Bolinger, Mark A; Hand, Maureen; Blair, Nate; Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan; Hern, Tracy; Miller, Bart; O& #39; Connell, R.
Multiple layer optical memory system using second-harmonic-generation readout
A novel optical read and write information storage system is described which comprises a radiation source such as a laser for writing and illumination, the radiation source being capable of radiating a preselected first frequency; a storage medium including at least one layer of material for receiving radiation from the radiation source and capable of being surface modified in response to said radiation source when operated in a writing mode and capable of generating a pattern of radiation of the second harmonic of the preselected frequency when illuminated by the radiation source at the preselected frequency corresponding to the surface modifications on the storage medium; and a detector to receive the pattern of second harmonic frequency generated.
Boyd, Gary T. (Woodbury, MN); Shen, Yuen-Ron (Berkeley, CA)
Bolinger, Mark A; Hand, Maureen; Blair, Nate; Bolinger, Mark; Wiser, Ryan; Hern, Tracy; Miller, Bart; O'Connell, R.
UNDER UNDER DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT NO. DE-FC26-01NT41245; W(A)-03-016, CH-1141 The Petitioner, Hybrid Power Generation Systems, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of General Electric Company (GE HPGS), was awarded this cooperative agreement for the performance of work entitled, "Solid State Energy Conversion Alliance (SECA) Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Program (SOFC)." The purpose of the cooperative agreement is to develop a fuel-flexible and modular system (3 to 10kW) that can serve as the basis for configuring and crating low-cost, highly efficient, and environmentally benign power plants tailored to specific markets. A second purpose is to assemble and test a packaged system based on the baseline design for a selected specified application and demonstrate cost projections and required operating characteristics.
System and method for generating current by selective minority species heating
A system for the generation of toroidal current in a plasma which is prepared in a toroidal magnetic field. The system utilizes the injection of low-frequency waves into the plasma by means of phased antenna arrays or phased waveguide arrays. The plasma is prepared with a minority ion species of different charge state and different gyrofrequency from the majority ion species. The wave frequency and wave phasing are chosen such that the wave energy is absorbed preferentially by minority species ions traveling in one toroidal direction. The absorption of energy in this manner produces a toroidal electric current even when the injected waves themselves do not have substantial toroidal momentum. This current can be continuously maintained at modest cost in power and may be used to confine the plasma. The system can operate efficiently on fusion grade tokamak plasmas.
Fisch, Nathaniel J. (Princeton, NJ)
This project has developed quantitative safety goals for Generation IV (Gen IV) nuclear energy systems. These safety goals are risk based and technology independent. The foundations for a new approach to risk analysis has been developed, along with a new operational definition of risk. This project has furthered the current state-of-the-art by developing quantitative safety goals for both Gen IV reactors and for the overall Gen IV nuclear fuel cycle. The risk analysis approach developed will quantify performance measures, characterize uncertainty, and address a more comprehensive view of safety as it relates to the overall system. Appropriate safety criteria are necessary to manage risk in a prudent and cost-effective manner. This study is also important for government agencies responsible for managing, reviewing, and for approving advanced reactor systems because they are charged with assuring the health and safety of the public.
William E. Kastenberg; Edward Blandford; Lance Kim
An Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic System for Gas Turbine Generator Sets with Experimental Validation
Diagnostic and Prognostic System for Gas Diagnostic and Prognostic System for Gas Turbine Generator Sets with Experimental Validation Clemson University John R. Wagner, Ph.D., P.E. SCIES Project 03-01-SR108 DOE COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT DE-FC26-02NT41431 Tom J. George, Program Manager, DOE/NETL Richard Wenglarz, Manager of Research, SCIES Project Awarded (07/01/2003, 36 Month Duration) $319,479 Total Contract Value ($319,479 DOE) Clemson Presentation 10-19-2005 J.W. Gas Turbine Need * The Reliability, Availability, and Maintainability (RAM) technical area within High Efficiency Engines and Turbines (HEET) Program encompasses the design of gas turbine health management systems * The introduction of real-time diagnostic and prognostic capabilities on gas turbines can provide increased reliability, safety, and efficiency
Potential use of dry cooling in support of advanced energy generation systems
Advanced energy technologies were investigated for filling the energy supply and demand gap, including fuel cells, thermionic converters, and fusion. Technologies that have the potential for supplying energy in the future are solar, geothermal, coal gasification and liquefaction, clean solid fuel from coal, and oil shale. Results are presented of an analysis of the advanced energy generation systems, the potential for using dry cooling, and the waste heat generation characteristics of the advanced technologies. The magnitude of the waste heat expected to be generated indicates the following percentages of total cooling requirements would be needed by advanced energy technologies: (a) 1% to 2% in 1985, (b) 17% to 40% in 2000, and (c) 24% to 76% in 2025. Dry cooling could be required for flashed steam and dry steam geothermal plants if balancing withdrawal and reinjection of the geothermal fluid becomes a requirement. Binary cycle geothermal plants and plants using the hot dry rocks geothermmal resource are even more likely to require dry cooling since these plants will need an outside source of water. Solar central tower plants have a high potential for the use of dry cooling since they are likely to be located in the Southwest where water availability problems are already apparent. The high water consumption associated with the projected synthetic fuel production levels indicates that dry cooling will be desirable, perhaps even mandatory, to achieve a high level of synthetic fuel production. In the year 2000, between 2.5 and 13 GW of electrical energy produced by advanced power generation systems may require dry cooling. In the year 2025, this requirement may increase to between 4.5 and 81 GW/sub e/.
Mayer, D.W.; Arnold, E.M.; Allemann, R.T.
Design and Analysis of a Region-Wide Remotely Controllable Electrical Lock-Out System
Electric utilities have a main responsibility to protect the lives and safety of their workers when they are working on low-, medium-, and high-voltage power lines and distribution circuits. With the anticipated widespread deployment of smart grids, a secure and highly reliable means of maintaining isolation of customer-owned distributed generation (DG) from the affected distribution circuits during maintenance is necessary to provide a fully de-energized work area, ensure utility personnel safety, and prevent hazards that can lead to accidents such as accidental electrocution from unanticipated power sources. Some circuits are serviced while energized (live line work) while others are de-energized for maintenance. For servicing de-energized circuits and equipment, lock-out tag-out (LOTO) programs provide a verifiable procedure for ensuring that circuit breakers are locked in the off state and tagged to indicate that status to operational personnel so that the lines will be checked for voltage to verify they are de-energized. The de-energized area is isolated from any energized sources, which traditionally are the substations. This procedure works well when all power sources and their interconnections are known armed with this knowledge, utility personnel can determine the appropriate circuits to de-energize for isolating the target line or equipment. However, with customer-owned DG tied into the grid, the risk of inadvertently reenergizing a circuit increases because circuit connections may not be adequately documented and are not under the direct control of the local utility. Thus, the active device may not be properly de-energized or isolated from the work area. Further, a remote means of de-energizing and locking out energized devices provides an opportunity for greatly reduced safety risk to utility personnel compared to manual operations. In this paper, we present a remotely controllable LOTO system that allows individual workers to determine the configuration and status of electrical system circuits and permit them to lock out customer-owned DG devices for safety purposes using a highly secure and ultra-reliable radio signal. The system consists of: (1) individual personal lockout devices, (2) lockout communications and logic module at circuit breakers, which are located at all DG devices, and (3) a database and configuration control process located at the utility operations center. The lockout system is a close permissive, i.e., loss of control power or communications will cause the circuit breaker to open. Once the DG device is tripped open, a visual means will provide confirmation of a loss of voltage and current that verifies the disconnected status of the DG. Further the utility personnel will be able to place their own lock electronically on the system to ensure a lockout functionally. The proposed LOTO system provides enhanced worker safety and protection against unintended energized lines when DG is present. The main approaches and challenges encountered through designing the proposed region-wide LOTO system are discussed in this paper. These approaches include: (1) evaluating the reliability of the proposed approach under N-modular redundancy with voter/spares configurations and (2) conducting a system level risk assessment study using the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) technique to identify and rank failure modes by probability of occurrence, probability of detection, and severity of consequences. This ranking allows a cost benefits analysis to be conducted such that dollars and efforts will be applied to the failures that provide greatest incremental gains in system capability (resilience, survivability, security, reliability, availability, etc.) per dollar spent whether capital, operations, or investment. Several simulation scenarios and their results are presented to demonstrate the viability of these approaches.
Olama, Mohammed M [ORNL; Allgood, Glenn O [ORNL; Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL; Howlader, Mostofa [ORNL; Kisner, Roger A [ORNL; Ewing, Paul D [ORNL; McIntyre, Timothy J [ORNL
The ongoing deregulation of electricity industries worldwide is providing incentives for microgrids to use small-scale distributed generation (DG) and combined heat and power (CHP) applications via heat exchangers (HXs) to meet local energy loads. Although the electric-only efficie