text: Space legend Neil Armstrong diesBy the CNN Wire StaffUpdated 4:31 PM ET, Tue December 11, 2012Just WatchedAstronaut Neil Armstrong dead at 82replayMore Videos ...Astronaut Neil Armstrong dead at 82 03:45Story highlights"As long as there are history books, Neil Armstrong will be included in them," NASA saysApollo 11 touched down on the moon on July 20, 1969"That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind," Armstrong famously saidHe largely avoided the public spotlightNeil Armstrong, the American astronaut who made "one giant leap for mankind" when he became the first man to walk on the moon, died Saturday. He was 82."We are heartbroken to share the news that Neil Armstrong has passed away following complications resulting from cardiovascular procedures," Armstrong's family said in a statement.Armstrong underwent heart surgery this month."While we mourn the loss of a very good man, we also celebrate his remarkable life and hope that it serves as an example to young people around the world to work hard to make their dreams come true, to be willing to explore and push the limits, and to selflessly serve a cause greater than themselves," his family said.Armstrong gives rare interview to Australian accountantJust WatchedSen.John Glenn: Armstrong dared greatly replayMore Videos ...Sen.John Glenn: Armstrong dared greatly 03:01PLAY VIDEOJust Watched'One giant leap for mankind'replayMore Videos ...'One giant leap for mankind' 02:29PLAY VIDEOJust Watched2011: Armstrong among astronauts honoredreplayMore Videos ...2011: Armstrong among astronauts honored 02:44PLAY VIDEOArmstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Astronaut Neil Armstrong, commander of Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission, with his family on August 26, 1963.Hide Caption 1 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Neil Armstrong at the NASA Training Center on September 1, 1963.Hide Caption 2 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Commander Neil Armstrong, right, and pilot David R. Scott prepare for the launch of Gemini 8 on March 16, 1966. In orbit, Armstrong had to bring the capsule under control when it began to spin out of control after docking with an unmanned target vehicle, and the mission was aborted. Hide Caption 3 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Armstrong poses for a portrait in July 1969. Hide Caption 4 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosCommander of Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission. – Armstrong leads crew mates Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin and Michael Collins out of the space center on the Apollo 11 space mission to the moon. Hide Caption 5 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, was launched on July 16, 1969, with astronauts Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin and Michael Collins on board. Armstrong and Aldrin became the first and second men to walk on the moon, on July 20, 1969.Hide Caption 6 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Astronaut Neil Armstrong is seen in the reflection of Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin's helmet during the pair's historic walk on the surface of the moon on July 20, 1969.Hide Caption 7 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Armstrong and Aldrin spent roughly two hours on the moon's surface. The photos of the moonwalk were taken by Armstrong.Hide Caption 8 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Neil Armstrong (whose footprint is shown on the moon's surface) had to override the Eagle lunar module's autopilot in order to prevent the craft from landing on the slope of a crater.Hide Caption 9 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – The Saturn V rocket carrying the crew of Apollo 11 takes off from Pad A, Launch Complex 39 at the Kennedy Space Center.Hide Caption 10 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosCommander of Apollo 11 Lunar Landing Mission. – Armstrong presents a pair of pizzas in his kitchen in Houston, Texas, on March 1, 1969.Hide Caption 11 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Armstrong said: "I thought we had a 90% chance of getting back safely to Earth on that flight, but only a 50-50 chance of making a successful landing on the first attempt."Hide Caption 12 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – The astronaut crew of the Apollo 11 mission are pictured in May 1969. Left to right are Neil Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin 'Buzz' Aldrin, lunar module pilot.Hide Caption 13 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Armstrong, Aldrin and Collins wave to crowds at a parade held in August 1969 celebrating their voyage.Hide Caption 14 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – A commemorative button from 1969 celebrates the moon landing.Hide Caption 15 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong receives the first Congressional Space Medal of Honor from President Jimmy Carter, right, assisted by Capt. Robert Peterson, on October 1, 1978. Armstrong, one of six astronauts to be presented the medal during ceremonies held in the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB), was awarded for his performance during the Gemini 8 mission and the Apollo 11 mission.Hide Caption 16 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – President Richard Nixon applauds the Apollo 11 astronauts, who were confined in a quarantine trailer after their flight, on July 25, 1969.Hide Caption 17 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Neil Armstrong talks about the space program during an appearance before a U.S. House committee in 1986.Hide Caption 18 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Former Apollo astronauts meet with the media at the Apollo/Saturn V Center prior to a 30th anniversary banquet highlighting the contributions of aerospace employees who made the Apollo program possible on July 16, 1999. From left to right: Armstrong; Aldrin; Gene Cernan, who flew on Apollo10 and Apollo 17; and Walt Cunningham, who flew on Apollo 7. Hide Caption 19 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Collins, Armstrong and Aldrin are honored on Capitol Hill in July 2009 on the 40th anniversary of their mission.Hide Caption 20 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – President Barack Obama poses for photographs with Armstrong in the Oval Office at the White House in 2009.Hide Caption 21 of 22Armstrong: First man on the moon 22 photosArmstrong: First man on the moon – Armstrong testifies before the House Science, Space, and Technology Committee about human space flight on Capitol Hill in September 2011.Hide Caption 22 of 22EXPAND GALLERYApollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosApollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosApollo 11: The recovery mission – Navy SEALs Wes Chesser, left, and John Wolfram pause after securing the Apollo 11 capsule on July 24, 1969. Wolfram wore 60s "Flower Power" decals, showing his rebellious side. Chesser says, that only now does he realize how physically demanding the mission was. "We were in such good shape."Hide Caption 1 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosNavy SEAL John Wolfram – At age 20, only two years out of high school, Wolfram was the youngest of an elite team responsible for safely getting the Apollo 11 crew from their capsule to a helicopter. "Being the first to look them in the eye and see that they're OK -- it's quite a rush," Wolfram told CNN.Hide Caption 2 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosSplashdown! – In this U.S. Navy photo, Apollo 11 splashes down about 1,000 miles off Hawaii. It was the exact moment when America achieved President Kennedy's goal to land a man on the moon and return him to Earth, says Scott Carmichael, author of "Moon Men Return." "It's one thing to get the astronauts to the moon, but you've got to bring them back alive."Hide Caption 3 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosThe capsule after re-entry – Carmichael described the capsule as "a bobbing, 12-foot high, 12,000-pound, spinning, behemoth" drifting across the ocean current. Frogman Mike Mallory, who snapped many photos of the mission, says he and Wolfram were "muscle guys" who worked against the waves and wind to pull an inflatable ring around the capsule.Hide Caption 4 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosGuarding against lunar pathogens – After the capsule was stabilized, the astronauts and SEALs put on biological isolation garments to guard against possible lunar pathogens. If the SEALs had been been directly exposed to the astronauts, they would have been ordered to be quarantined.Hide Caption 5 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosDecontamination raft – In the "decontamination raft" mission leader Clancy Hatleberg sprayed the astronauts with sodium hypochlorite and helped them scrub their suits. Hide Caption 6 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosHoisting the astronauts – Hatleberg helped the astronauts climb into a "Billy-Pugh net" which was used to hoist them into a Navy chopper hovering above.Hide Caption 7 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosCapsule, chopper, aircraft carrier – Astronaut Neil Armstrong was hoisted first into a hovering chopper, then Michael Collins, then Buzz Aldrin. Once aboard, the chopper headed for the USS Hornet. "There was real delight on those astronauts' faces, and a real thrill of accomplishment," says Wolfram.Hide Caption 8 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosQuarantine – Aboard the aircraft carrier, the trio spoke with President Nixon from inside a trailer where they would be quarantined without incident for 21 days. "I saw you bouncing around in that boat out there," Nixon told them. "I wonder if that wasn't the hardest part of the journey." Armstrong, left, replied, "It was one of the hardest parts."Hide Caption 9 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosPeace signs – Back at the capsule, Wolfram and Hatleberg, right, flashed peace signs for Mallory's camera -- which raised eyebrows at the height of the Vietnam War. But Wolfram heard nothing about it from his superiors. "John was a wild, crazy guy," said Mallory. "That was his thing."Hide Caption 10 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosCapsule in quarantine – The capsule hatch was locked and sealed before the spacecraft was hoisted aboard the Hornet and kept in its own quarantine area, just in case. "We all took strips of that gold foil as souvenirs," said Wolfram.Hide Caption 11 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosLife of ministry – After two tours in Vietnam, Wolfram returned to the U.S. and had an epiphany during a church service. "That night, my life changed," he says. Now a Georgia-based husband, father and ordained minister, Wolfram serves as a missionary in Southeast Asia. Hide Caption 12 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosReunion – Wolfram details his adventure in his memoir, "Splashdown." He recently took his family to Washington's Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum where the Apollo 11 capsule is on display. Hide Caption 13 of 14Apollo 11: The Recovery 14 photosSEAL Team Swim 2 – Mallory, now a husband and grandfather in Michigan, says he was just proud to be a part of the space program as a member of SEAL Team Swim 2. "I wish the space program was continuing better than it is." Chesser, a retired defense contractor, is a newlywed and grandfather living in Virginia. The Space Race "was an extremely exciting time for our country," Chesser says. "Today we don't have that."Hide Caption 14 of 14EXPAND GALLERYArmstrong died Saturday in Cincinnati, Ohio, according to a NASA spokesman. The agency's administrator put the death in perspective."As long as there are history books, Neil Armstrong will be included in them," said Charles Bolden. "As we enter this next era of space exploration, we do so standing on the shoulders of Neil Armstrong. We mourn the passing of a friend, fellow astronaut and true American hero."Armstrong took two trips into space. He made his first journey in 1966 as commander of the Gemini 8 mission, which nearly ended in disaster.Armstrong kept his cool and brought the spacecraft home safely after a thruster rocket malfunctioned and caused it to spin wildly out of control.During his next space trip in July 1969, Armstrong and fellow astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins blasted off in Apollo 11 on a nearly 250,000-mile journey to the moon that went down in the history books.It took them four days to reach their destination.Time: Life up close with Apollo 11The world watched and waited as the lunar module "Eagle" separated from the command module and began its descent.Then came the words from Armstrong: "Tranquility Base here, the Eagle has landed." About six and a half hours later at 10:56 p.m. ET on July 20, 1969, Armstrong, at age 38, became the first person to set foot on the moon.He uttered the now-famous phrase: "That's one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind."The quote was originally recorded without the "a," which was picked up by voice recognition software many years later.Armstrong was on the moon's surface for two hours and 32 minutes and Aldrin, who followed him, spent about 15 minutes less than that.The two astronauts set up an American flag, scooped up moon rocks and set up scientific experiments before returning to the main spacecraft.All three returned home to a hero's welcome, and none ever returned to space.The moon landing was a major victory for the United States, which at the height of the Cold War in 1961 committed itself to landing a man on the moon and returning him safely before the decade was out.It was also a defining moment for the world. The launch and landing were broadcast on live TV and countless people watched in amazement as Armstrong walked on the moon."I remember very clearly being an 8-year-old kid and watching the TV ... I remember even as a kid thinking, 'Wow, the world just changed,'" said astronaut Leroy Chiao. "And then hours later watching Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin take the very first step of any humans on another planetary body. That kind of flipped the switch for me in my head. I said, 'That's what I want to do, I want to be an astronaut.'"Tributes to Armstrong -- who received the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1969, the highest award offered to a U.S. civilian -- poured in as word of his death spread.The untold story of Apollo 11"Neil was among the greatest of American heroes -- not just of his time, but of all time," said President Barack Obama. "When he and his fellow crew members lifted off aboard Apollo 11 in 1969, they carried with them the aspirations of an entire nation. They set out to show the world that the American spirit can see beyond what seems unimaginable -- that with enough drive and ingenuity, anything is possible."Republican presidential candidate Mitt Romney said the former astronaut "today takes his place in the hall of heroes. With courage unmeasured and unbounded love for his country, he walked where man had never walked before. The moon will miss its first son of earth."House Speaker John Boehner, from Ohio, said: "A true hero has returned to the Heavens to which he once flew. Neil Armstrong blazed trails not just for America, but for all of mankind. He inspired generations of boys and girls worldwide not just through his monumental feat, but with the humility and grace with which he carried himself to the end."Armstrong was born in Wapakoneta, Ohio, on August 5, 1930. He was interested in flying even as a young boy, earning his pilot's license at age 16.Armstrong's one small step resonated for all mankindArmstrong studied aeronautical engineering and earned degrees from Purdue University and University of Southern California. He served in the Navy, and flew 78 combat missions during the Korean War."He was the best, and I will miss him terribly," said Collins, the Apollo 11 command module pilot.After his historic mission to the moon, Armstrong worked for NASA, coordinating and managing the administration's research and technology work.In 1971, he resigned from NASA and taught engineering at the University of Cincinnati for nearly a decade.While many people are quick to cash in on their 15 minutes of fame, Armstrong largely avoided the public spotlight and chose to lead a quiet, private life with his wife and children."He was really an engineer's engineer -- a modest man who was always uncomfortable in his singular role as the first person to set foot on the moon. He understood and appreciated the historic consequences of it and yet was never fully willing to embrace it. He was modest to the point of reclusive. You could call him the J.D. Salinger of the astronaut corps," said Miles O'Brien, an aviation expert with PBS' Newshour, formerly of CNN."He was a quiet, engaging, wonderful from the Midwest kind of guy. ... But when it came to the public exposure that was associated with this amazing accomplishment ... he ran from it. And part of it was he felt as if this was an accomplishment of many thousands of people. And it was. He took the lion's share of the credit and he felt uncomfortable with that," said O'Brien.But Armstrong always recognized -- in a humble manner -- the importance of what he had accomplished."Looking back, we were really very privileged to live in that thin slice of history where we changed how man looks at himself and what he might become and where he might go," Armstrong said.People we've lost in 2012: The lives they livedShare your tribute on CNN iReportMore from usDid the Tsarnaev brothers have help making Boston Marathon bombs?Witness: Ford did everything right Winter storm strands motorists, hammers NortheastPowered by Livefyre


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American Guns Ending up in Mexico
POSTED: Thursday, December 27, 2012 - 10:32pm
UPDATED: Thursday, December 27, 2012 - 10:34pm
EL PASO — American made weapons continue to end up in the hands of criminals in Mexico. According to new numbers released by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, 68% of all weapons recovered at Mexican crime scenes over a 5 year period were traced to U.S. manufacturers or U.S. dealers who import firearms. The statistics are for the years 2007 to 2011. The ATF report does not identify how the guns ended up in Mexico or whether any were part of the government's Fast and Furious Operation where federal agents allowed some guns to be smuggled into Mexico in an attempt to identify and arrest high-level arms traffickers.


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From restaurants needing fish to air freight carriers switching to trucks, Iceland's volcano halts Europe.
BRUSSELS, Belgium — Bumping into friends in the neighborhood around the European Union's headquarters on Friday morning was enough to illustrate the extent of the disruption caused by the volcanic cloud drifting over Europe.
There was the United Nations negotiator forced to cancel a trip to Sudan; then the Estonian woman whose diplomat husband was stranded in Moscow; a business writer unable to cover key EU finance talks in Madrid; an EU official seeking overland alternatives to a planned flight home to France for the weekend.
With northern Europe transformed into a no-fly zone by the eruption of Iceland's Eyjafjallajokull volcano, airlines were expected to loose over $200 million a day in revenue, said a "conservative estimate" from the International Air Transport Association.
About 8,000 flights in Europe were canceled on Thursday and about 16,000 were expected to be grounded Friday — well over half the number normally criss-crossing the continent.
Ireland, Britain, Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland and Estonia completely closed their airspace for all civilian flights. Northern France and Germany were shut down, including Paris, Frankfurt and Berlin airports.
Eurocontrol, the body that coordinates flights in Europe, called the disruption "unheard of in the history of European aviation." About one-third of transatlantic flights to Europe were grounded.
Some flights to Ireland and Scotland resumed Friday as the ash cloud moved on, but with the volcano in Iceland still belching out ash, there was no clear sign as to when skies over Europe might again be safe for planes. Economists said it was too early to estimate the overall economic impact, but it could run into billions of euros.
"It comes at a difficult time," said David Frost, director general of the British Chambers of Commerce. "Business is just recovering from a deep recession … our recovery depends on British business searching out new overseas markets and getting cargo across the globe."
The airline sector has already been suffering from the global economic squeeze, high fuel costs and, for some, a spate of strikes. Last month, British Airways said a walkout by cabin staff cost it about $10 million a day, but the strike affected less than 40 percent of its flights, much less than those grounded by the dust cloud.
Some industry analysts said, however, that if the stoppage did not drag on too long, the airlines should be able to absorb the short-term impact, despite having to offer refunds, meals and hotel rooms for many customers left marooned by canceled flights.
The uncertainty dragged airline stocks down. Shares in British Airways had fallen by 3.42 percent close to the end of European trading Friday. Lufthansa slipped by 2.73 percent, KLM-Air France by 2.95 percent and the Irish low-cost carrier Ryanair by 3.12 percent.


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Located about 972 kilometres west of continental Ecuador close to the Equator, the Galapagos Islands is one of the most isolated places on earth. This unique environment is home to some of the most interesting species in existence. From iguanas to giant tortoises, finches and boobies to seals, many species are found nowhere else on earth. It is the Galapagos islands and its inhabitants that inspired Charles Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection. The Galapagos islands first appeared about 5 million years ago from volcanic activity, and new islands are still being formed. There are currently 18 islands with the youngest two islands still actively being created. Of all the islands, only five are inhabited, with Isla Santa Cruz being the largest. Other major islands include San Cristóbal (Chatham) Island, Isla Bartolome with penguins and striking landscape, Isla Española and Isla Fernandina.
Top Cities in Galapagos Islands
Questions answered about visiting Galapagos Islands
Anyone did some volunteer work in the Galapagos? I want to go but not sure what's the best way to find a job/volunteer position What is the cheapest way to get from Puerto Ayora (Santa Cruz, Galapagos Islands) to Bartolome Island? Which islands in the Galapagos have flamingos? And where on the island can I find them? Ask a travel question about Galapagos Islands
Travel Tips from people who've been to Galapagos Islands
After landing in Baltra (Airport) you can take the free shuttle to the canal - takes about 5 min. Cross the canal by ferry (50 cents) and take there a bus to Puerto Ayora - about 45-60 min. (1.80 USD) Good tip? (+1) The Angelique is highly recommended for 4 or 8 day cruises. Lovely refurbished wooden sailing boat with great food and comfy ensuite cabins. Good tip? (+1) If you are elderly, overweight, disabled, have mobility issues . . . the Galapagos is a great place for you to visit nature. However, if you can walk a mile or hike a trail, and if you think of seeing nature as a walk in the woods or exploring mountains or the jungles of Costa Rica, then the Galapagos will be the biggest sucker move you will ever make. Let's help you get started on learning why this trip is awful for anyone who has snorkeled in the Carribean, Australia, Honduras, etc. or who has even been to Sea World. First off: Over touristed. This is a HUGE money maker for the Ecuadorian government, and they know it. Air fare is government regulated and a minimum $450 a pop as of May (off season) 2012. Next, you probably will want to book a boat tour before going, because NOTHING says "sucker" like paying bucks for air fare and hotel, only to find all the boats are booked. Slap on a grand or two for that. Now, here's where the money comes in- take a look at the photo of the plane disgorging two stairfuls of tourists. There are five of these per day. And no . . . they are not spread over a large area, as you'll soon see. As I said, this is for people with cash to burn and who can't be more active. However, for what you pay, you'll soon learn below that it's a better deal to go to the zoo or an aquarium than the Galapagos. Tourists flood this place with huge suitcases to go around like Disneyland. Heck, on some of these boats I'm sure there's dinners like a Carnival cruise. Just what you expected when going to see nature, eh? Now, the good part. You're thinking maybe that you go to Galapagos, hike around the islands, get to interact with birds, sea lions, etc. Wrong!! This thing is regulated like you can't imagine. You go to an island, your "guide" (actually a policeman) makes sure you stay on the 1.5 meter wide path for the designated 200 meters, before turning right around and coming right back. That's right- it's like walking around Sea World tanks. No exploring, just do what you're told. Think it's any better for snorkeling? Guess again: there are 10 times more areas where you CANNOT snorkel/dive than where you can, and even those areas are restricted. Check out the photo, you and a few other groups are all going around in your regimented troupes, and you are NEVER the only ones on the islands. You'll see plenty of this along with the birds. Oh, wait! Think if you go by a cruise boat you'll avoid the rush hour? Think again- you will NEVER be the only boat docked on an island. There's too much money to be made, so there's always LOTS of tourists and boats around to keep you company. What a wonderful way to see nature, just like Darwin. (not). Speaking of Darwin, do you really think that 5 day cruise package is 5 days? Then you're a total sucker. Day 1: Going to the Darwin center, a 50 year old poorly maintained zoo where they have captive land turtles (the only ones you'll see) penned up. Want to see baby turtles? Look in the box they keep them in. Just like Sea World. Oh, except you dropped thousands of dollars first. Sucker. Day 5: check out, just like a Carnival cruise! Except with Spartan food and accommodations. Suckered again. I've got a great photo of the cement stairs they put on one island so all the folks with knee arthritis can explore the island on the 200 meter path. You stick to what they give you, and the ranger cop is ALWAYS with you. You are NEVER unsupervised here. Just like prison. Fun, huh? The only thing you'll see more of are the posts showing where you can walk and the STOP signs showing where you can't walk. Oh, and when you're done, check out the trinkets you can get flooded with at the airport and in town (yup, there's a nice big city with folks living there who've never been to any islands). Look, this is a scam. I'm not blaming the Ecuadorean government, they're trying to make a buck and protect the environment here. But unless you are so immobile you can't see nature other ways, stay away from the Galapagos. Total scam. Good tip? (0) Galapagos Islands Travel Guide Best Time to Visit|Tourist Information|Internet & Communications|Holidays & Business Hours|Photography|TV, Radio & Newspapers|Visas & Permits|Electricity|Vaccinations & Diseases|What to Bring|Costs Traveling with Children|Women Travelers|Gay / Lesbian Travelers|Disabled Travelers|Working There|Police & Law|Dangers & Annoyances|Health Getting Around|Getting There 1 Day|3 Days|7 Days Recent Updates for Galapagos Islands
Red H. wrote a review on Galapagos Interpretation Center, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 1 year ago 1 year ago Red H. wrote a review on The Mockingbird Cafe, Puerto Baquerizo Moreno 1 year ago 1 year ago Red H. wrote a tip on Galapagos Islands 1 year ago
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Common Names
Click on the language to view common names.
Common Names in Arabic:
Common Names in Azerbaijani:
Giləmeyvəli qaraçöhrə
Common Names in Basque:
Hagin arrunt
Common Names in Bulgarian:
Обикновен тис
Common Names in Catalan, Valencian:
Common Names in Chinese:
欧洲红豆杉 (ou zhou hong dou shan)
Common Names in Croatian:
Tisa (biljka)
Common Names in Czech:
Tis červený
Common Names in Danish:
Almindelig Taks
Common Names in Dutch:
Gewone taxus, Taxus, Venijnboom
Common Names in English:
Common Yew, English Yew, English Yew;european Yew, European Yew, Robust Irish Yew, Yew
Common Names in Esperanto:
Eŭropa taksuso
Common Names in Estonian:
Harilik jugapuu
Common Names in Finnish:
Common Names in French:
If, if commun
Common Names in Galician:
Common Names in Georgian:
Common Names in German:
Beereneibe, Eibe, Europäische Eibe, Gemeine Eibe, Gewöhnliche Eibe
Common Names in Greek (modern):
Common Names in Hebrew (modern):
טקסוס מעונב
Common Names in Hungarian:
Európai tiszafa, Közönséges tiszafa
Common Names in Icelandic:
Common Names in Italian:
Albero della morte, Libo, Nasso, Tasso
Common Names in Japanese:
Common Names in Latvian:
Parastā īve
Common Names in Limburgish, Limburgan, Limburger:
Common Names in Lithuanian:
Europinis kukmedis
Common Names in Norwegian:
Common Names in Norwegian Nynorsk:
Common Names in Ossetian, Ossetic:
Common Names in Persian (Farsi):
Common Names in Polish:
cis pospolity
Common Names in Portuguese:
Common Names in Russian:
Тис ягодный, тис ягодный (tis yagodnyi)
Common Names in Serbian:
cis, sis, Европска тиса
Common Names in Slovak:
tis obycajný
Common Names in Swedish:
Common Names in Turkish:
Porsuk, Yaygın porsuk
Common Names in Ukrainian:
Тис ягідний
Physical Description
ID Features: Dark green needles that end in a horny tip. Wide spreading branches with spirally arranged needles. Brown scales in stems. Reddish brown flaking bark. Red fleshy seeds.
Habit: A large evergreen shrub or small tree with wide spreading , dense branches. • Growth Form: Single Crown • Shape and Orientation: Decumbent
Flowers: Not ornamentally important. Dioecious. • Bloom Period: Mid Spring • Flower Color: Yellow • Flower Conspicuous: No
Seeds: Seed per Pound: 6400 • Seed Spread Rate: Slow • Seedling Vigor: Low • Fruit: Solitary seeds, slightly compressed , round and flessy, red. • Fruit/Seed Abundance: Low • Fruit/Seed Color: Red • Fruit/Seed Conspicuous: Yes • Cold Stratification Required: Yes
Foliage: Foliage Color: Green • Summer foliage: Spirally arranged needle-like leaves, appears to be two-ranked if grown in. shade. 0.5" to 1.25" long and up to 0.25" wide, convexed and has a prominent . midrib . Dark green color to leaves. Leave apex has a horny point . Stems have brownish scales at base . • Fall foliage: No fall color, evergreen . • Foliage Porosity Summer: Dense • Foliage Porosity Winter: Dense • Foliage Texture: Medium • Fall Conspicuous: No • Leaf Retention: Yes
Active Growth Period: Spring and Summer • Growth Rate: Slow • Mature Height (feet): 2.0 • Maximum Height at 20 Years (feet): 2 • Size: 30' to 50' tall and 20' wide. • Vegetative Spread Rate: Moderate • Lifespan: Lifespan
Landscape Uses: For parks. Gardens. In shade. Cultivars can be used as understory shrubs . Hedges . Screens . In groupings or mass plantings . Topiary. Decoration. • Liabilities: Toxic . Not as cold hardy as other Taxus. Strong winds can cause desiccation in winter months. Taxus scale. Mealybugs.
Zone 6, zone 5 in protected sites.
Typically found at an altitude of 0 to 2,582 meters (0 to 8,471 feet).[1]
Duration: Perennial • Coppice Potential: No • Progagated by Bulbs: No • Propagated by Bare Root: Yes • Propagated by Container: Yes • Propagated by Corms: No • Propagated by Cuttings: Yes • Propagated by Seed: No • Propagated by Sod: No • Propagated by Sprigs: No • Propagated by Tubers: No • Fruit/Seed Period Begin: Summer • Fruit/Seed Period End: Fall • Fruit/Seed Persistence: No
Culture: PH adaptable. Prefers moist, well-drained, soil. Does well in sun or shade. Keep out of windswept sites. Does not like extreme cold or extreme heat. Transplants easily.
Soil: Adapted to Medium Textured: Adapted to Medium Textured Soils • Adapted to Coarse Textured Soils: Yes • Anaerobic Tolerance: None • Salinity Tolerance: Medium • CaCO3 Tolerance: Medium • Minimum pH: 5.4 • Maximum pH: 7.3 • Fertility Requirement: Medium
Sunlight: Sun Exposure: Full Sun . • Shade Tolerance: Tolerant
Moisture: Drought Tolerance: High • Minimum Precipitation: 32 • Maximum Precipitation: 60 • Moisture Use: Low
Temperature: Minimum Temperature (F): -33°F. • Minimum Frost Free Days: 100 • Cold Hardiness: 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b. (map)
- Domain:
- Chatton, 1925
- eukaryotes
- Kingdom:
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
- Subkingdom:
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Phylum:
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997, nom. inval.
- Infraphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Class:
- Novák ex Takht. (1967)
- Subclass:
- Cronquist et al., 1966
- Order: Cupressales () - Link, 1829
- Subclass:
- Cronquist et al., 1966
- Class:
- Novák ex Takht. (1967)
- Infraphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997
- Subphylum:
- Kenrick & Crane, 1997, nom. inval.
- Phylum:
- Sinnott, 1935 ex Cavalier-Smith, 1998
- Vascular Plants
- Subkingdom:
- Cavalier-Smith, 1981
- Kingdom:
- Haeckel, 1866
- Plants
Taxus baccata eubaccata Pilg. • Taxus baccifera Theophr. Ex Bubani • Taxus communis J. Nelson • Taxus lugubris Salisb. • Taxus pectinata Gilib.
Similar Species
Members of the genus Taxus
ZipcodeZoo has pages for 55 species, subspecies, varieties, forms, and cultivars in this genus:
T. baccata (Common Yew) · T. baccata brevifolia (Pacific Yew) · T. baccata cuspidata (Japanese Yew) · T. baccata 'Amersfoort' (Amersfoort English Yew) · T. baccata 'Fastigiata' (English Yew) · T. baccata 'Jacksonii' (English Yew) · T. baccata 'Lutea' (English Yew) · T. baccata 'Repandens' (Repandens Spreading English Yew) · T. baccata 'Repandens Aurea' (Spreading English Yew) · T. baccata 'Standishii' (Standishii English Yew) · T. baccata 'Stricta' (Irish Yew) · T. baccata 'Watnong Gold' (English Yew) · T. brevifolia (Canadian Yew) · T. canadensis (Canada Yew) · T. chinensis (Chinese Yew) · T. contorta (West Himalayan Yew) · T. cuspidata (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. forma latifolia (Pilg.) Fitsch. (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidatavar. densa (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata 'Aurea' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Densiformis' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Expansa' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Hunewellii' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Intermedia' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Nana Aurea' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Prostrata' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Sieboldii' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata Siebold & Zucc. 'Stricta' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata 'Aurescens' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata 'Capitata' (Capitata Yew) · T. cuspidata 'Dwarf Bright Gold' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata 'Monloo' (Emerald Spreader Yew) · T. cuspidata 'Silver Queen' (Japanese Yew) · T. cuspidata 'Winter Jewel' (Cone Winter Jewel Japanese Yew) · T. floridana (Florida Yew) · T. globosa (Mesoamerican Yew) · T. jacksonii (English Yew) · T. mairei (Maire's Yew) · T. nucifera (Japanese-Nutmeg) · T. wallichiana (Himalayan Yew) · T. x media'Flushing' (Anglo-Japanese Yew) · T. x media 'Beanpole' (Beanpole Hybrid Yew) · T. x media 'Bean Pole' (Anglojap Yew) · T. x media 'Brownii' (Anglojap Yew) · T. x media'Citation' (Citation Upright Yew) · T. x media 'Densiflora' (Anglojap Yew) · T. x media 'Densiformis' (Dense Spreading Yew) · T. x media 'Densiformis Select' (Select Dense Spreading Yew) · T. x media 'Green Mountain' (Green Mountain Yew) · T. x media 'Hicksii' (Hicks Yew) · T. x media 'Kelseyi' (Anglojap Yew) · T. x media 'Lc Bobbink' (Anglojap Yew) · T. x media 'Maureen' (Anglojap Yew) · T. x media 'Tauntonii' (Taunton`s Yew) · T. x media 'Viridis' (Columnar Yew)
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Further Reading
- A botanical exploration of the north shore of the gulf of St. Lawrence including an annotated list of the species of vascular plants, Ottawa, F. A. Acland, printer, 1922. url p. 129.
- A century of progress in the natural sciences, 1853-1953. San Francisco, 1955. url p. 390.
- A dictionary of the flowering plants and ferns, by J. C. Willis. CambridgeThe University Press, 1919 url p. 640, p. 695.
- A first report on the relations between climates and crops. By Cleveland Abbe. Washington [D.C.]: Govt. Print. Off., 1905. url p. 229.
- A guide to the identification of our more useful timbers, being a manual for the use of the students of forestry. CambridgeUniversity Press1920 url p. 35, p. 47.
- A guide to the natural history of the Isle of Wight: a series of contributions by specialists relating to the various branches of natural history and kindred subjects / edited by Frank Morey. Newport, Isle of Wight: The County Press, 1909. url p. 180.
- A handbook of Coniferae, including Ginkgoace, by W. Dallimore and A. Bruce Jackson. With drawings by Miss G. Lister. New York, Longmans, Green, 1923. url p. 62, p. 63, p. 70, p. 71, p. 72.
- A handbook of systematic botany; with a revision of the fungi, by E. Knoblauch; tr. and ed. by M.C. Potter. London, Swan[1904] url p. 261, p. 262.
- A manual of botany for Indian forest students, by R. S. Hole. Calcutta, Superintendent Government Printing, India, 1909. url p. 245.
- A manual of poisonous plants, chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations, Cedar Rapids, Ia., The Torch Press, 1911. url , .
- A manual of poisonous plants: chiefly of eastern North America, with brief notes on economic and medicinal plants, and numerous illustrations / by L. H. Pammel. 1911 Cedar Rapids, Ia.: The Torch Press, 1910-11. url p. 890.
- A manual of the timbers of the world: their characteristics and uses: to which is appended an account by S. Fitzgerald of the artificial seasoning of timber. London: Macmillan, 1920. url , , .
- A manual of veterinary hygiene. New York: W. R. Jenkins, 1911. url , .
- A naturalist in the Bahamas, John I. Northrop, October 12, 1861-June 25, 1891; a memorial volume / edited with a biographical introd. New YorkColumbia University Press1910 url p. 254.
- A naturalist in the Bahamas: John I. Northrop, October 12 1861 - June 25, 1891; a memorial volume, ed., with a biographical introduction by Henry Fairfield Osborn. New York, The Columbia university press[c1910] url p. 254.
- A naturalist in the Bahamas: New York, Columbia University Press[c1910] url .
- A second supplement to, and summary of Stewart and Corry's flora of the North-east of Ireland / compiled by Sylvanus Wear, with an introduction by R. Lloyd Praeger. Belfast: Belfast Naturalists' Field Club, 1923. url p. 90.
- A text-book of botany, by Dr. Eduard Strasburger. .. Dr. Heinrich Schenck, Ludwig Jost [and] Dr. George Karsten. LondonMacmillan1912 url p. 741.
- A text-book of botany, by Eduard Strasburger. .. Dr. Heinrich Schenck. .. Dr. Fritz Noll. .. [and] Dr. George Karsten. London, Macmillan and co., limited, 1908. url p. 490, p. 711, p. 717, p. 746.
- A textbook of botany for colleges / by William F. Ganong. New York: Macmillan, 1927. url p. 523, p. 602.
- A textbook of botany for colleges. New York, Macmillan, 1920. url p. 523, p. 602.
- A university text-book of botany. New York, Macmillan, 1910. url p. 339, p. 340, p. 341, p. 343, p. 345, p. 577.
- An enumeration of Philippine flowering plants, Manila, Bureau of Printing, 1922-26. url p. 5.
- An environmental profile of the Black Sea Coast WCMC url p. 63, p. 67.
- An illustrated dictionary of medicine, biology and allied sciences. .. by George M. Gould. 5th ed., with additions and corrections. PhiladelphiaP. Blakiston's Son1907 url p. 1350, p. 1459, p. 363.
- An illustrated encyclopaedia of gardening, by Walter P. Wright London, J. M. Dent & sons, ltd.; url p. 301.
- An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions, from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian, New York, Scribner[c1913] url .
- An illustrated guide to the flowering plants of the middle Atlantic and New England states (excepting the grasses and sedges) the descriptive text written in familiar language, by George T. Stevens. .. with more than 1800 illustrations from drawings by the author. New York, Dodd, Mead and company, 1910. url p. 82.
- An introduction to the chemistry of plant products by Paul Haas and T. G. Hill. London, Longmans, Green, and co., 1921-22. url p. 268.
- An introduction to the structure and reproduction of plants, London, G. Bell and sons ltd., 1920. url , , , , .
- An outline of plant geography, by Douglas Houghton Campbell. New York, The Macmillan company, 1926. url p. 390, p. 46.
- Andorra hand-book [of trees and shrubs] Philadelphia[1903] url p. 167, p. 19, p. 20.
- Annotated CITES Appendices and Reservations CITES, WCMC url p. 118.
- Applied and economic botany for students in technical and agricultural schools, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, for chemists, food analysts and for the those engaged in the morphological and physiological study of plants. New York, Wiley[1916] url p. 216.
- Applied and economic botany, especially adapted for the use of students in technical schools, agricultural, pharmaceutical and medical colleges, and also as a book of reference for chemists, food analysts and students engaged in by Henry Kraemer. .. illustrated with 424 plates, comprising about 2000 figures. Philadelphia, The author[c1914] url p. 216.
- Aristocrats of the garden, Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & company, 1917. url .
- Aristocrats of the garden, by Ernest H. Wilson. .. Garden City, N. Y., Doubleday, Page & company[c1917] url p. 136, p. 136, p. 311, p. 311.
- Asiatic herpetological research. 3 1990 Berkeley, Calif.: Asiatic Herpetological Research Society; c1990- url p. 11, figs. 5-6, page 46, p. 76.
- Aspects of plant life; with special reference to the British flora. London, Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1921. url p. 165, p. 47.
- Bartonia;proceedings of the Philadelphia botanical club. .. 59 1996 Philadelphia, Philadelphia Botanical Club, Academy of Natural Sciences. url p. 138, p. 28.
- Beautiful and rare trees & plants. London, C. Scribner's Sons[pref. 1903] url .
- Beautiful flowering trees and shrubs for British and Irish gardens / by John Weathers. London: Simpkin, Marshall, [1903?] url p. 144.
- Beautiful gardens: how to make and maintain them / by Walter P. Wright. -- London; Cassell and company, 1909. url p. 97.
- Beautiful home surroundings. Framingham, Mass., Framingham nurseries, c1918 url p. 54.
- Beeton's Dictionary of everyday gardening. .. to which is added a monthly calendar of garden work throughout the year. London, Ward, Lock, 1909. url p. 211, p. 370, p. 575.
- Bibliographical contributions from the Lloyd library, Cincinnati, Ohio. Cincinnati, Ohio, Lloyd Library. url p. 602.
- Biltmore Nursery, Biltmorse, N.C. [North Carolina?: The Nursery?], c1912 url p. 18.
- Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 4, October 1986: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN Conservation Monitoring Centre url p. 151, p. 249.
- Biosphere Reserves, Compilation 5, October 1990: programme on man and the biosphere (MAB) IUCN url p. 182.
- Botanical abstracts. Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins Co. url p. 141, p. 189, p. 258, p. 275, p. 70, p. 75, p. 86, p. 97.
- Botany of the living plant, by F. O. Bower. London, Macmillan and Co., limited, 1919. url p. 302.
- Botany of the living plant, by F.O. Bower. In the third edition he was assisted by J.M.F. Drummond, and George Bond, in this fourth edition by C.W. Wardlaw. London, Macmillan and Co., ltd., 1947. url p. 527.
- Botany of the living plant. London, Macmillan, 1919. url p. 302.
- British flowering plants. By W. F. Kirby. With 120 coloured plates, showing the most important characters of each plant figured; and 119 illustrations in the text. London, Sidney Appleton, 1906. url p. 137, p. 177, p. 177, p. 211, p. 215.
- British journal of entomology and natural history. [London]: British Entomological and Natural History Society, 1988- url .
- British plants: their biology and ecology / by J. F. Bevis and H. J. Jeffery. London: A. Rivers, 1911. url p. 333, p. 333, p. 334.
- British plants; their biology and ecology, London, Methuen[1920] url , .
- Brooklyn Botanic Garden record. 31 1931 [Brooklyn]: Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1912-44. url p. 1, p. 183.
- Bulletin - Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station. Amherst, : Massachusetts Agricultural Experiment Station, 1907-1974. url p. 56, p. 67, p. 68, p. 77, p. 77.
- Bulletin Harrisburg, Pa.: The Department, [1923]- url .
- Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History). London: BM(NH) url , p. 245, p. 250, p. 75.
- Bulletin of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. [Washington, D.C.?]: Supt. of Docs., G.P.O., 1913-1923. url p. 40, p. 41.
- Carotenoids, by Paul Karrer and Ernst Jucker. Translated and rev. by Ernest A. Braude. New York, Elsevier Pub. Co., 1950. url p. 116, p. 222, p. 374, p. 73.
- Carotenoids, their comparative biochemistry. New York, Chemical Pub. Co., 1954. url p. 32, p. 339.
- Carotinoids and related pigments: the chromolipoids. New York: The Chemical Catalog Company, Inc., 1922. url p. 216, p. 249, p. 314, p. 59, p. 86.
- Catalogue of publications relating to forestry in the Library of the United States Department of agriculture. [Washington, D.C.:s.n.], 1912. url p. 105.
- Catalogue of scientific papers (1800-1900) Comp. by the Royal society of London. Cambridge, C. J. Clay and sons, 1867-1902; url p. 106, p. 160, p. 177, p. 178, p. 206, p. 238, p. 291, p. 333, p. 335, p. 407, p. 43, p. 461, p. 56, p. 58, p. 649, p. 657, p. 726, p. 766, p. 767, p. 779, p. 781, p. 8, p. 842, p. 865, p. 899, p. 944.
- Catalogue of scientific papers, 1800-1900. Compiled by the Royal Society of London. London, C.J. Clay and Sons, 1867-1902 [etc.] Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1914-25. url p. 1039, p. 106, p. 160, p. 177, p. 178, p. 206, p. 238, p. 291, p. 333, p. 335, p. 407, p. 43, p. 461, p. 56, p. 58, p. 649, p. 657, p. 766, p. 767, p. 779, p. 781, p. 8, p. 842, p. 865, p. 899.
- Catalogue of the library of the Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University / compiled under the direction of Charles Sprague Sargent by Ethelyn Maria Tucker. Cambridge: Printed at the Cosmos Press, 1914-1933. url p. 214, p. 360, p. 367, p. 411, p. 458, p. 491.
- Checklist of CITES Species CITES, WCMC url p. 308.
- Checklist of CITES Species: a reference to the appendices to the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora CITES url p. 330.
- Children's gardens for school and home: a manual of cooperative gardening / by Louise Klein Miller. New York: Appleton, 1904. url p. 205, p. 205.
- Chinese economic trees, [Shanghai]Printed by the Commercial Press, Ltd.[1921] url , , p. 43, p. 9.
- Clonal propagation of endangered native plants rhododendron chapmanii gray, taxus floridana nutt., and torreya taxifolia arn. / by Lee Roy Barnes Jr. 1985. url p. 18, p. 19, p. 31, p. 48, p. 60, p. 69, p. 70, p. 73.
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- Commercial gardening, a practical & scientific treatise for market gardeners, market growers, fruit, flower & vegetable growers, nurserymen, etc. By many practical specialists under the editorship of John Weathers. London, The Gresham publishing company, 1913. url , p. 64.
- Common weeds of the farm & garden / by Harold C. Long in collaboration with John Percival. New York: Frederick A. Stokes, 1910. url p. 312, p. 449.
- Coniferous trees for profit & ornament: being a concise description of each species and variety, with the most recently approved nomenclature, list of synonyms, and best methods of cultivation / by A. D. Webster. London: Constable and Co., 1918. url , , , , .
- Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia: [s.n., url , , .
- Contributions to the knowledge of the life history of Pinus with special reference to sporogenesis, the development of the gametophytes and fertilization. By Margaret C. Ferguson... Washington, D. C., The Academy, 1904. url p. 10, p. 141, p. 147, p. 99.
- Current bibliography for aquatic sciences and fisheries. London, Taylor & Francis ltd. url p. 133.
- Cyclopedia of American horticulture, comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers and ornamental plants sold in the United by L. H. Bailey. .. assisted by William Miller. .. and many expert cultivators and botanists. London: The Macmillan company, 1909. url p. 1773, p. 1835, p. 1836, p. 276.
- Danish fungi as represented in the herbarium of E. Rostrup / revised by J. Lind. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske boghandel, 1913. url p. 147, p. 204, p. 412, p. 420, p. 431, p. 441, p. 474.
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- Diversions of a naturalist / New York: Macmillan Co., 1915. url , .
- Diversions of a naturalist / by Ray Lankester. London: Methuen, 1915. url , p. 310.
- Diversions of a naturalist / by Sir Ray Lankester. With a frontispiece in colour and forty-three other illustrations. London: Methuen, 1919. url , p. 310.
- Diversions of a naturalist by Sir Ray Lankester. .. With a frontispiece in colour and forty-three other illustrations. New York: The Macmillian Company, 1915. url , p. 310.
- Diversions of a naturalist. LondonMethuen[1915] url , p. 310.
- Dudley memorial volume, containing a paper by William Russel Dudley and appreciations and contributions in his memory by friends and colleagues. .. Stanford University, Cal., The University, 1913. url .
- Dwarf and slow-growing conifers, by Murray Hornibrook. London, "Country Life", 1923. url p. 158, p. 161, p. 163.
- Early British botanists and their gardens, based on unpublished writings of Goodyer, Tradescant, and others, by R. T. Gunther. With nine plates and twenty-one other illustrations. Oxford, Printed by F. Hall for the author at the University Press, 1922. url p. 108, p. 195.
- Elementary notes on conifers. LondonOxford University Press1920 url p. 28, p. 28, p. 29, p. 29.
- Embryogenesis in plants. London, Methuen;[1955] url p. 210, p. 212, p. 348, p. 352, p. 356, p. 379.
- Enquiry into plants and minor works on odoùrs and weather signs, London, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1916. url p. 465, p. 493.
- Essentials of college botany / by Charles E. Bessey and Ernest A. Bessey. New York: Henry Holt and Company, c1914. url p. 150.
- Essentials of college botany, by Charles E. Bessey. .. and Ernst A. Bessey. .. 8th ed. of The essentials of botany entirely rewritten; with 260 diagrammatic illustrations. New York, H. Holt, [c1914] url p. 150.
- Eton nature-study and observational lessons, by Matthew Davenport Hill, . .. and Wilfred Mark Webb, . .. With a foreword by the Rev. Edmond Warre, . .. Part I-[II]. London, Duckworth & Co., 1903-1904. url p. 153, p. 154.
- Extraction of zygnematacean zygospores from lake sediments and their potential as paleo-indicators of lake acidification: R.A.C. Project No. 464G / prepared for Environment Ontario by P.A. Zippi. .. [et al.]. [Toronto]: Environment Ontario, 1991. url p. 4.
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- Familiar trees, with coloured plates by W.H.J. Boot and A. Fairfax Muckley and plain plates from photographs and micro-photographs. LondonCassell1906-07 url p. 168.
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- First book of Indian botany. London, Macmillan, 1907. url p. 295.
- Flora of County Kerry: including the flowering plants, ferns, Characeae, &c. Dublin: Hodges, Figgis, 1916. url , .
- Flora of Derbyshire: flowering plants, higher cryptogams, mosses and hepatics, Characeae. London, Bemrose & Sons Ltd., 1903. url p. 12, p. 16.
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- Flora of Sussex; or a list of the flowering plants & ferns found in the county of Sussex, with localities of the less common species. London, Simpkin [et al.]1907. url p. 103.
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- Flora of the state of Washington / by Charles V. Piper. Washington: G.P.O., 1906 url p. 89.
- Florists' review Chicago: Florists' Pub. Co. url , , , , , , , .
- Flowering plants of the Riviera: a sescriptive account of 1800 of the more interesting species / by H. Stuart Thompson; with an introduction on Riviera vegetation by A. G. Tansley London; New York: Longmans, Green, 1914. url p. 242.
- Forest entomology, by A.T. Gillanders. .. Edinburgh, W. Blackwood and Sons, 1912. url p. 227.
- Forest entomology. EdinburghW. Blackwood1908 url p. 266.
- Forestry for woodmen, by C. O. Hanson. Oxford, Clarendon press, 1921. url p. 175.
- Forestry: some practical notes on forestry suitable for New South Wales. Conifers, by J.H Maiden. .. Sydney, W.A. Gullick, 1908. url p. 12.
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- Gardening for beginners; a handbook to the garden, by E.T. Cook. [London]"Country Life" [etc., 1914] url , , , .
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- Gardening in California, landscape and flower, by John McLaren... San Francisco, A.M. Robertson, 1909. url p. 163, p. 163.
- Gardens near the sea; the making and care of gardens on or near the coast with reference also to lawns and grounds and to trees and shrubbery, New York, Frederick A. Stokes company[c1910] url , .
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- Great Basin naturalist memoirs. 1992 [Provo, Utah]Brigham Young University, 1976-1992. url p. 1339, p. 34, p. 890.
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- Hand-list of Coniferae, grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens. LondonPrinted for H.M. Stationery Off. by Darling1903 url p. 144, p. 3, p. 5, p. 7, p. 9.
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- Handbook of flower pollination based upon Hermann Mller's work 'The fertilisation of flowers by insects'; tr. by J.R. Ainsworth Davis. Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906. url p. 341, p. 537.
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- Trees; a handbook of forest-botany for the woodlands and the laboratory Cambridge, At the University press url p. 138, p. 270.
- Types of British vegetation, Cambridge, University Press, 1911. url , , , , .
- Useful plants and drugs of Iran and Iraq / by David Hooper. With notes by Henry Field. 9 1937 Chicago, 1937. url p. 102, p. 176, p. 219, p. 238, p. 241.
- Vegetation of the Peak District / C. E. Moss. Cambridge: University Press, 1913. url p. 138, p. 14, p. 69, p. 71.
- Vegetation of the Peak District. Cambridge, University Press, 1913. url p. 136, p. 138, p. 14, p. 14, p. 168, p. 170, p. 69, p. 71, p. 81, p. 83, p. 87.
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- Water in the physiology of plants, by A. S. Crafts, H. B. Currier and C. R. Stocking. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Botanica Co., 1949. url p. 239.
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Data Sources
Accessed through GBIF Data Portal November 11, 2007:
- Biologiezentrum der Oberoesterreichischen Landesmuseen, Biologiezentrum Linz
- Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, GEO Biodiversity Day
- Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien, Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisien
- Forest Research Institute, Department of Natural Forests, Herbarium
- Institute of Dendrology PAS, Institute of Dendrology PAS, Flora of Sudety Mountains
- Jyväskylä University Museum - The Section of Natural Sciences, Vascular plant collection of Jyvaskyla University Museum
- Marine Science Institute, UCSB, Paleobiology Database
- Missouri Botanical Garden, Missouri Botanical Garden
- Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Museum of Natural History, Wroclaw University, Flora of the Stołowe Mts.
- NLBIF, Limnodata
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plant Herbarium, Oslo
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Vascular Plants, Field notes, Oslo
- Steiermärkisches Landesmuseum Joanneum - Herbarium GJO, Herbarium GJO
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Botany
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Herbarium of Oskarshamn
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Lund Botanical Museum
- The Swedish Museum of Natural History
- , Plants
- Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum
- UK National Biodiversity Network, Environment and Heritage Service - EHS Species Datasets
- Biodiversity Heritage Library NamebankID: 2664504
- Catalogue of Life Accepted Name Code: Con-4271
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility Taxonkey: 2481187
- Globally Unique Identifier: urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:263788-1
- GRIN Nomen Number: 80070
- Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Taxonomic Serial Number (TSN): 194883
- International Plant Names Index (IPNI) ID: 263786-1
- Natural Heritage Network Species Identifier: PGTXA01040
- U.S.D.A. Plant Symbol: TABA80
- Zipcode Zoo Species Identifier: 64986
- Mean = 120.910 meters (396.686 feet), Standard Deviation = 146.690 based on 10,881 observations. Altitude information for each observation from British Oceanographic Data Centre. [back]


text: Michael O'Dell <mo at ccr.org> writes: > Robert E. Seastrom wrote: >> John Teller <jsteller at spottydog.us> writes: >> >>> http://www.ipcop.org/index.php >> m0n0wall and pfSense (which i understand to be a derivative) are >> possibly better choices. m0n0wall is actively maintained, has been >> around for years, and is used in some commercial hardware platforms. >> http://forums.whirlpool.net.au/forum-replies-archive.cfm/442660.html > > i believe Jim Thompson of Netgate (and Wayport and Vivato) is recommending > pfSense these days to go with their hardware (shameless plug: > www.netgate.com). Not surprising considering that pf seems to be the best thing going in free stateful firewall software these days. I haven't used pfSense, but looking at the web site and wikipedia pages maybe I oughta give it a shot. I see it has a sip proxy, which would be spiffy since these 7960s seem to not be so hot at NAT traversal. ---rob


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