text:
The G20 summit should commit to growth
By Gordon Brown
The views expressed are his own.
The build-up to the G20 summit has been dominated by the euro's failings. With Europe now the epicenter of the global crisis, its continued weakness will dominate the G20 discussions. Even now, uncertainties about Greece's future — and about the real strength of Europe's commitment to its new stability fund — has left little opportunity for a focus on the global economy as a whole.
But even if the state of the world economy has featured less than the euro in the preparatory work for the summit, the decisions world leaders will make on the global economy will dictate the mood of the coming two years. President Sarkozy has major global initiatives he will unveil to improve global food security, and may even force his plan for a global financial levy on the agenda. But there is a big choice the G20 must make. Either the world will come together and agree on a coordinated growth plan — or we will retreat into a new, more acrimonious protectionism.
Already the head of the World Trade Organization is warning of a return to protectionism, and every day we find yet another new country following Brazil, Switzerland, Indian, Korea, and Japan in introducing either new tariffs, currency controls, or capital controls. In response, the draft G20 communiqué assumes a free trade world where each continent steps up what it is doing in order to achieve sustained growth.
But a G20 that was really working would take countries far beyond the current draft communiqué — which is a set of bland statements about what each country is doing on its own to foster growth. Instead it would focus on coordinated measures under which countries would agree to support and complement each other's contribution. If , under an agreed growth pact, China increased consumer spending and Asia opened its markets, and if this was balanced by America and Europe investing more in infrastructure, then over a three year period — as the IMF has suggested — there could be 5 percent more growth and 25-50 million more jobs, with 100 million people taken out of poverty.
A ccordinated approach is desirable because under current policies every country wants to export its way to growth and no one wants to import. But cooperation is not just an option; it is, in my view, a necessity because the world is precariously balanced between a west that consumes the most, and the rest of the world which now produces the most. For 150 years until now, Europe and America monopolized the world's output, exports, manufacturing, investment and consumption. But in 2010 for the first time America and Europe were out-produced, out-exported, out-manufactured and out-invested by the rest of the world. Today they account for just 41 percent of output, 43 percent of manufactured goods, 47 percent of trade, and 40 percent of investment. But they account for 55 percent of consumption and, if we added other advanced economies, the figure would be 70 percent.
A better understanding between the consumer countries and the producer countries would make for more balanced and more sustainable growth. Indeed, if China was confident its export market could be sustained then it might be more willing to increase domestic consumption, and if America was confident its export markets could flourish then we would have a more confident American consumer and more private investment at home. This was what was envisaged by the April 2009 summit of the G2O and then in the detail of the growth pact agreed to at the Pittsburgh summit in autumn 2009. Unfortunately in 2010 the growth pact has descended into a dispute over currencies, with the American senate now calling China a currency manipulator. A brave attempt by Korea to break from the currency dispute and accelerate growth by putting ceilings on surpluses and deficits failed.
A return to the growth pact idea of 2009 is now the best way forward. It would take countries far beyond bland statements of what each are doing on their own to something far more fruitful, a genuine attempt to coordinate measures for shared growth. Only this heightened level of cooperation can prevent the G20 suffer as big a decline in its power as the world economy.
PHOTO: A woman strolls up to a bus stop on the promenade in Cannes, southern France November 1, 2011. Cannes will host a two-day G2O summit from November 3. REUTERS/Dylan Martinez
We welcome comments that advance the story through relevant opinion, anecdotes, links and data. If you see a comment that you believe is irrelevant or inappropriate, you can flag it to our editors by using the report abuse links. Views expressed in the comments do not represent those of Reuters. For more information on our comment policy, see http://blogs.reuters.com/fulldisclosure/2010/09/27/toward-a-more-thoughtful-conversation-on-stories/
Stimulating with borrowed money doesn't bring growth any longer: the public is too smart, education levels are high and all know an increase in tax bills is only postponed. This is unfortunate for politicians that want play santaclaus with "free money". Keynes' theory doesn't work in the internet age and this has now been proven over and over again. We could even make it a physical law: "Stimulating, yes. But only with surpluses". Welcome to 2011.
The real solution to the problem is clear: Cut the deficits. Hope, trust and growth will follow. If a country's deficits are too high, actions too slow, protection barriers too high, corruption too high, decline is inevitable. How many real world examples does one need ? If we continue on this path, only oil-struck Norway will survive the crisis.
There can only be a "coordinated growth plan" for the world when a consensus is reached between nations as to each continent's obligations if SUSTAINABLE growth is to be possible or achieved. The purchase of goods from developing nations by developed nations has raised the standard of living for many, largely offset by a decrease in the standard of living of some citizens in said developed nations.
This has gone about as far as it can, giving that increasing unemployment is lowering the "return on human investment" necessary in the developed nations. Some of these nations have advanced their standard of living by partnering with the developed nations to extract natural resource assets otherwise out of reach and sell these on the world market.
That predictable starts the clock ticking on those developing nations to use at least part of their income from the sale of depletable resources to educate their citizens and diversify their economies to be sustainable AFTER the oil, diamonds, gold, etc. is gone. To date few have showed such wisdom.
Instead, all too many continue down the path to eternal poverty by refusing to moderate the explosion of a largely ignorant and illiterate population whose standard of living is, day by day, week by week, month by month and year by year less and less.
In the U.S. we have those of little vision, educated idiots, who suggest that "the current population of the world will fit in Texas", "you can fly over Africa and still see green", and eulogize on the lightness of the "footprint" of each impoverished African. Their myopic "pro-life" agenda would be more accurately described as "quantity of life over quality of life". Their future is not the future forecast by Star Trek.
They forget that ALL of Texas is owned. Who would buy it to give away". I won't sell my acres! Given that humanity CAN cover more and more of the earth with human protoplasm I utterly fail to understand WHY we SHOULD! I refuse to meekly stand silent and watch those prevail who desire a future where man returns to living in mud huts scrounging for insects and tubers for his miserable existence, even if I could make a killing in "prefabricated caves" along the way.
If our future is to be different, let us at least make absolutely sure it is not increasingly worse. The last several years have been worse for many Americans. How many want that change to be permanent? No thanks!
Apparently Mr. Brown always writes with the implied assumption that these meetings could produce solid results; they cannot. There is no "one world government", and every country would have to agree to implement any changes. I am certain that any such attempt would be an interesting battle, to say the least, here in the US.
Absent any mention of sovereignty, these analysis pieces are rather light in substance.
The headline is retarded "should commit to growth". To what end? for who? – for corporate profit? This is finite world. Consumption and growth need to be curbed back and managed in equilibrium. Growth for the sake of economies is not sustainable in a finite world.
How does alchohol growth work inside a beer vat? Eventually it ceases when it hits that finite boundary where it can no longer grow.
I really don't want a larger world population to sustain growing an economy. I would rather move to technological advancements where we do less work across the board versus supporting laws that allow greedy folks to control untold wealth and power over many.
[...] of festival that will take place in Cannes this week. The city is gearing up for the sixth annual Group of Twenty (G-20) Summit where heads of state, finance ministers, and Central Bank governors from 20 [...]
@FBreughel1, you should have shared your wisdom with the Greeks.
But Gordon, of course you're right. You showed the Brits how to do it, now the rest of the world.
Gordon, read our lips. The market needs growth, the people need sustainability.
Most people in the UK have experienced Brown economics learnt on the hoof so I am very puzzled as to why reuters wants to give any space to a rather disgraced ex PM and Chancellor
Advice from the man who destroyed the very fabric of the British society and its finances!!
I would rather take an advice from my Lawn Mower than this man who was running like a headless chicken.
It is the sign of the times when people like him are given space at Reuters.
Mr Brown (and his predecessor) made some big mistakes (over extending UK borrowing) leading up to 2008/9, then events overtook him and the UK Government along with all the other borrowing nations. Sensible borrowing that is used for improving infrastructure, industrial modernisation, education, health care etc can be good for the nation in the long run. Borrowing to fund futile wars, to prop up despotic regimes, to pay large numbers of the population not to work etc is a recipe for disaster.
Pouring borrowed money into banking/financial markets to cover up their gross stupidity is in fact gross stupidity.
To then expect the taxpayers to shoulder such burdens is an offence against common sense and fairness.
The western nations need to unite in their approach to solving this problem and all those policy makers must be held to account by law so that they do not put at risk the livelihoods of the vast majority of people (voters, taxpayers….). They get themselves elected and then do nothing to help those who elected them. Similarly the banks/financial sectors steal from the poor to fund the rich with a proportion of wealth way beyond what is reasonable for the vast majority. Both the political establishment and global banking/financial/corporate sectors are in this together for their own interests, the rest of us are just pawns in this gigantic and fraudulent chess game.
At the heart of this lies greed, dishonesty and stupidity. There is enough for every nation and within each nation there is enough for all, the problem is too few have too much and too many have too little. Governments are not regulating this for the benefit of their people, they (government) are part of the problem.
In the past, war has followed these conditions and it is the many (ordinary) who usually suffer in war so that these corrupt systems continue (possibly modified) into the future. Brown does not have all the answers and it seems no one else has either! Where are the leaders and what are they doing, I cannot see it.
Why is Reuters giving air time to this idiot Brown?
I would have thought, a respectable organisation like Reuters would run a mile from a man, Mr End to Boom & Bust, who inherited an economy in surplus – and then proceeded to comprehensively destroy that same economy! His destruction was so appalling, that the children of the electorate when he was PM, will be paying for his gross incompetence.
Then, we come to Brown's Treason – Reuters seem to have overlooked the fact that Brown betrayed the UK to his masters in Brussels!
Oh, and don't forget Brown's destruction of the UK's education system, the manufacturing base, the nation's pension provision, the armed force; he let the banks run riot – sat & watched like a panda!
Perhaps Reuters should consider their reputation a little more closely before giving Brown any more publicity!
My kids will be paying for what that, I hesitate to use the word…"man" did!
I think you have got one or two thing distorted in your response.
When Labour came to power they had to refinance and rebuild the education sector because the Conservatives had stripped it to the bone. I know this from my own experiences working within the education sector from 1982 until I retired 2 years ago.
Also, it was Margaret Thatchers successive Governments that allowed our Industrial/manufacturing base to be destroyed in favour of our continental friends wishes and to satisfy her own political dogma against the Miners. I doubt that your children will be paying for Mr Browns mistakes, it is the catastrphic failure of the financial/banking sectors we will all be paying for. They are beyond Government control now and have been for a long time. We as a nation are also partly to blame for the state of our economy, how many of you actually buy British? I bet most of you buy from China/Taiwan/Japan/Germany etc, without thinking of the balance of payments deficit or indeed British jobs!! I have observed people in Germany over many visits, they always buy German first, second and third.
[...] πλήρες κείμενο tags: Μακροοικονομική πολιτική, Οικονομική κρίση. A Gravity Test for the Euro → [...]
[...] The G20 summit should commit to growth [...]
The greatest culprits against a safe future of the world economy have (I think unknowingly at the time) been Thatcher and Reagan in the eighties. Ultra liberal supply side economics is eventually to lead to the greatest loss in employment in the productive (as opposed to the financial = gambling)sector.
Regrettably most left wing parties in the west did follow that "religion"..probably because it seemed to be working well at the time (before Internet and the opening up of state controlled economies). And regrettably they never have seen and still do not see the light in the tunnel behind them…..(they have to make a U-turn as regards these policies)And far as Europe goes, I think quite a bit of blame may be put on the way quality was (not) controlled in British Industry in that period. Compare a BMW of that time with a Rover……More emphasis should have been put on proper work ethics.
Finally another sentence put down in Mr Brown's previous blog about this "attitude"
"Problem is politics is not about politics (the representation of people) anymore but there seems to be just one policy all over the board, representing markets, markets and markets…se Question Time last thursday Peter Hitchens was in my opinion the only one with the right attitude towards an electorate. I was furthermore flabbergasted by the way that according to a couple of members of the panel religion apparently has turned into something that is used as a cover against, rather than a believe …in a better future….FOR HUMANITY (rather than for capital…the legal pyramid game that is costing us our pensions for instance ..(I should be about to retire).
There is only one answer…control the economy (like the Chinese do) and then specifically the financial markets let economy work for the people in stead of against them. Keep finance at a short lead. After all there is an inherent conflict of interest(dualism) between financial economists (cost cutting…supply side) and social economists (growth through employment), the latter jobs have to be paid by the income out of production and if you outsource that……
@FBreughel1 Supply side economy creates ever more deficits…in an ultra liberal economic landscape it creates poverty…that should be changed…less economic liberalism please!
For the UK economy to serve the interests of the UK population then Government control as you set it out would only work if we had impartial politicians(to the banks/finacial sectors, fuel cartels, Brussels and the like) and these politicians would have to operate in accordance with their election manifestos. I do not see a lot of evidence for this now or indeed over the last 30 years. The UK political system has intrinsic problems of corrupted values and a total lack of honesty when addressing peoples concerns. They are only interested in one thing, their own ambitions. People need some protection against rampant capitalism, for this to be so, we must then constrain market capitalism within limits that give a sufficient level of protection.
The constant attack on pensions, salaries and working conditions driving down of the ordinary persons ambitions can only lead to strife.
[...] ESTHighlights: Obama and Hu remarks at APEC CEO summit4:39pm ESTAnalysis & OpinionThe G20 summit should commit to growthThe big powers need to learn to share U.S. President Barack Obama participates in the APEC CEO [...]
[...] The G20 summit should commit to growth [...]
[...] The G20 summit should commit to growth [...]


text:
Brandon Bollig has been called up by the Chicago Blackhawks.
Karri Ramo turned aside 35 of 37 shots Tuesday night as the Flames outlasted Philadelphia in overtime by a score of 3-2.
Henrik Zetterberg (concussion) is questionable for Wednesday's game.
The Detroit Red Wings have put newcomer Erik Cole on a line with Henrik Zetterberg and Justin Abdelkader.
Jacob Markstrom is projected to start on Tuesday.
Karri Ramo will be the Flames' starting goaltender on Tuesday.
Anders Lindback will play between the pipes on Tuesday.
Jordan Leopold was traded to Minnesota on Monday and it probably delighted his daughter and the other members of his family.
Damon Severson (ankle) will be back in the Devils' lineup on Tuesday.
San Jose goalie Alex Stalock, who had been on a three-game losing streak, stopped 20 shots Monday night to record a 4-0 shutout over the visiting Montreal Canadiens.
Shortly after being acquired by the Sharks, Ben Smith contributed a goal and an assist in a 4-0 shutout of the visiting Montreal Canadiens in San Jose Monday night.
Star center Jonathan Toews notched three points in the Blackhawks' 5-2 victory over the visiting Carolina Hurricanes Monday night.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
What is your favorite color?
What is your favorite color?
along that line, what is your favorite costume?
Ally, the torch has been passed to Barbara...
And on that note: What was the name of the friend you came to Coachella with? She was very funny.
Most embarrassing moment (that you're willing to admit)?
Thanks for picking me, buddy. It was nice meeting you at Coach And thanks for being my shade during the Yeahs!
I googled my name and didn't like how much information was out there on the interwebs. I don't want future employeers to look up my business either, so I deleted my ninja username. I also got sick of my social networking sites and deleted almost all of them, too: Myspace, Twitter, Xanga, etc.
I bounced around all Coachella weekend and enjoyed Ghostland Observatory the most.
Lisa's my alltime favorite. She was my role model as a kid. Being a nerd, playing the saxophone, enjoying Itchy and Scratchy, gluing oatmeal to Homer and Bart so they would think they had leprosy and be more appreciative of her, falling in love with that dreamy substitute teacher, being a dope ass vegetarian and Buddhist.... she's an awesome 7 yr old
Forest green.
I'll wear costumes on special occasions. If Coachella isn't the ultimate occasion, I don't know what is! My friend bought me a legitimate kimono from Japan and I wear that pretty often for fun, though. Does that count?
My favorite costume is my sailor outfit, hehe. It's open to interpretation. Anime nerds see me as Sailor Moon or a Japanese school girl and normal people see me as a sailor. It's not really slutty either, so I feel that I can get away with wearing it to many places. Hehe.
Ah, well, I don't know if she wants her name all over the place, but she's my best friend We get along really well because we are both really loud and tomboyish.
Oh man. In my junior year of high school, a lot of terrible rainstorms were going on in the winter. There was a really shitty one going on right after school as we all got dismissed. The cool kids were driving out of the student parking lot, kids were getting on buses, gaggles of kids were waiting for rides outside on the lawn. I was crossing the really busy main intersection in front of the school when I saw that there was a fairly large river of rainwater, probably 3 feet wide, in front of me. There was no way around it and I didn't want to get my shoes soaked so I thought I would be all ninja and make the jump. I actually backed up a lot and did a running start. I did a gazelle jump across and made it to the other side (!!!) but.. then.. I lost my footing and fell on my ass in the river. I was drenched Everyone was pointing and laughing. People were honking and when I looked inside the cars, parents and their kids were pointing and laughing too!! I didn't know what else to do but stand up and curtsy and run away. Hehe
That's an embarrassing thing that I'll talk about
Hmm.. I'm going to write this in roleplay format : I wake up at 11 am, refreshed from a good night's sleep. I head out with my family and eat at my favorite dim sum place on my parents' dime. Then, my best friends pick me up and we go to Six Flags! For some reason, probably since it's my perfect day, there are no lines and we get to ride everything a gang of times. It's getting late and we head back to LA and catch a show, let's say Holy Fuck (my next one ). After having a blast, we go back to my house for movies, wine, mochi ice cream, and a sleep over.
That's not that hard to accomplish, actually. I'm going to make this happen soon!
Well, Minerva McGonagall is my favorite spunky witch. She always looked out for Harry and the gang and believed in the best of her students. She was just and kind to those who deserve it. I don't think anyone else would be able to take Dumbledore's place besides McGonagall, either. She transforms into a cat, to boot. And I think the actress for the movie adaptations plays her perfectly, too.
But if I think with my other head... the Weasley twins are my ultimate fantasy They're hilarious and incredibly adorable. They nursed their talents and now have the dream job of every child: to own a successful joke and prank shop! Honestly, I'm pretty sure the Weasley brothers created my preference for ginger boys. Hehe.
Nice one Shakermaker.
Barbara. What qualities do you look for in a man?
Whiskey Sour
2 oz blended whiskey
Juice of 1/2 lemon
1/2 tsp powdered sugar
1 cherry
1/2 slice lemon
Shake blended whiskey, juice of lemon, and powdered sugar with ice and strain into a whiskey sour glass. Decorate with the half-slice of lemon, top with the cherry, and serve.
How and when did you fall in love with coachella, did you become board active pre or post coachella experience & what is your favorite breakfast (please include garnishments like toast, butter or jam, coffee, tea whateve...)
Barbara. What do you think is the best way to repay a man who literally offers you the shirt off his back at a music festival? Drugs? A nod of approval? Misc.?
Yay Barbara!
Barbara, which of the five senses is your favorite? Which would you least mind losing?
Barbara, what do you want to be when you grow up?
Barbara, a sailor, a ninja and a geisha walk into a bar. What drinks do they order?
Herro, what's your favorite drug and why?
Hm.. honestly, I must have spent an hour thinking about this one. I kept coming back to it and I still don't have a real answer. I have no idea what I want in life, much less in a person, so I'm just going to spend time with friends and hopefully be able to single out qualities that I enjoy and maybe someday I'll find a nice man that has all of them
The first "woo" wave in the campgrounds back in 2007 sent wonderful chills throughout my body. I had a feeling that my life would change forever
I posted a little before my first Coachella, asking really silly questions about camping. I don't think I'm very active on the boards still, but I've grown to love many on here
Oh man. If I didn't have terrible diarrhea immediately after, I would eat McGriddles all day. And orange juice! Breakfast is my favorite meal. I love eggs and pancakes too.
Honestly, I'm pretty sure I'm straight for rated R reasons... I appreciate beauty in all forms, though And I'm still young. I don't know what kind of person I'll fall in love with, so until then I'll try my best to keep an open mind
I'd want my name to be Neko-chan And I would want crazy blue long hair that defied gravity.And multi-colored, bright, huge eyes. And a nice rack that bounce without hurting And of course, I would want super powers and be really godlike with dual swords. My dream anime plot would have an amazing quest that required me to run around the world and fight bad guys and save villages and make lifelong friends and allies and discover magical items that would add to my strength and spirit
Butterfly wings!
Haha, don't worry, I'll return the favor
I'm turning all of them down in hopes to catch YOUR eye, Amy!
You make me laugh out loud. I still am not sure if I met you, though.
Yay! Sight is my favorite sense. I had to wear glasses since I was 7 so I really appreciate my vision. The world is too beautiful not to be seen! It seems that taste always gets me in trouble, so I could make due without that. I would be less gluttonous and thinner, too.
I want to own lots of property and rent it all out and rake in the cash. While living in Hawaii.
They don't know what to order because they're all still under age =( But the ninja enjoys Long Island Ice Teas.
Nothing would make me happier!
Shrooms make me the most euphoric. It's less intense than LSD and it's always a giggle fest. The world is so much more vibrant and fertile and I feel like I can speak to nature. It's an awesome adventure every time.
Yes I remember. I told you, I don't want to be wrapped in blankets like a cocoon and be suspended on a ceiling just so you can jerk off to me, you freak!
Thank you for answering my questions. Vision is my favorite too!
As an aside, I think it's a strange artifact of our regulatory system that kids know more about hard drugs than they do about alcohol.
Bug sounds like he would be a fan of the artist Joseph Beuys.
I know you're an m83 fan. do you have a favorite song of theirs? or favorites?
I think 4 out of 12 cranial nerves are purely devoted to eyesight. That means we're supposed to rely on and enjoy our vision. Also, I honestly don't know what to order at a bar.. so I don't drink often because of that... so I never know what to order... It's a vicious cycle. Help me break it!
As much as I can get away with!
M83 is impossibly beautiful. I had a 30 mile coastal bike ride at night and he was my soundtrack the entire time. My favorites include Lower Your Eyelids..., Run Into Flowers, Sitting, and We Own The Sky. He's a scrumptious artist.
Last I remembered I think you were heading out east for school, but I have the feeling your plans have been changing a lot lately. If you had a crystal ball that could show you your future 5 years from now, what/where would you (reasonably) see yourself as/at?
Upcoming Shows:
- Caribou @ The Fonda in Los Angeles on Saturday, February 28th
- The Replacements @ The Palladium in Los Angeles on Wednesday, April 15th
- Belle & Sebastian + Mac Demarco @ The Fox Theater in Pomona, CA on Thursday, April 16th
6x Coachella Attendee (2007 - 2011, 2014a)
Pretend like your talking to someone whos never been to Coachella but has been to massives what the Sahara Tent is like. If I have to phrase it in the form of a question: If you were talking to someone whos been to massives but never to Coachella, how would you describe The Sahara Tent? (Besides it smells.)
HI Barb!
some random questions.
whats your Favorite Restaurant?? What do you order? what would you recommend?
when was the last time you did some thing dangerous?
Last edited by ElBlueblazer; 05-04-2009 at 11:18 PM.
Coachella Vet. 03,05,07,08,09,10,11,12,13,and 14


text:
Global Warming: Facts vs. Faith
Walter Cunningham has enjoyed careers in the United States Marine Corps, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and private industry, including 12 years as a venture capitalist.
7 Theories of Climate Change
"At least seven theories of climate change enjoy some support in the scientific community.
Research & Commentary: Teacher Evaluations
Taxpayers and state governments are increasingly acting on the principle that teachers should receive evaluations of their work, to measure their effectiveness and ensure better education for stude
Research & Commentary: Keystone XL Pipeline
The Keystone XL Project is an approximately 1,661-mile pipeline expansion project that will transport crude oil from Canadian oil sands to U.S. refining markets.
Research & Commentary: The Effect of Dodd-Frank
The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act, also known as the Dodd-Frank Act, is a law with consequences for every part of the financial system.
Research & Commentary: Exchange Regulation and State Implementation
The massive and complex package of proposed health exchange rules released recently by the U.S.
Property & Casualty Insurance Report Card, 2011 Edition
Each of the past four years, The Heartland Institute has released a report that asks fundamental questions about the nation's property and casualty insurance regulatory environment.
EPA, Greens Keep Harming Children
Whenever the Environmental Protection Agency or the green movement uses the term "it's for the children" as a justification for their legislative and regulatory restrictions, it is the children who
Texas Taxpayers' Savings Grants: Q&A No. 5 - Regulation of Private Schools
Taxpayer Savings Grant Program
Questions and Answers


text:
From John Lazell of Hingham, and now his father, to William Bradford, and everyhting in between... let me know if there are any errors, or anything else you would like to see posted. John was baptized in 1620 in St. Nicholas church, Castle Hedingham, Essex, England. The Parish records have been scanned, and they show John, his father William, and his brother Henry all in the baptism records. What we still don't know is how John got to Hingham. There was an unsupported rumor that John had first gone to Quebec, and come down in the 1630's with his brother(s). However, a historian pointed out that John was a fairly well respected church-goer and land owner in a protestant English settlement. Add to that that he was rumored to be a Huegenot, and was baptised in the Church of England, it seems unlikely that he would have immigrated to a predominantly Roman Catholic French settlement. (Note, there was a period from 1629 to 1632 where the English held the city, so it isn't impossible that John and his family were there) Please let me know if you have any other information on John Lazell/Lasell. Thanks! -Darick firstname.lastname@example.com |
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Middle East Bids for Oil & Gas and Hydrocarbon Industries
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Well Head Automatic Safety Valve
Reference: 74.11.4097 4/16/2011, Location: Middle East
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Supply # 40 of 3" X 5000 PER API 6A 17th edition
Full bore metal/metal seating, rising stem, flanged each side. norminal flange size : 3" , minimum bore size : 3 1/8" API ring gadget R35 with self reverse acting actuator , visual indicator , open close position .
Actuator should include high and low pilot block setting pressure should be (high: 35 kg/cm2 - low: 7 kg/m2) with manual override on low pilot for valve reopening set of high pressure tube + fittings for pressure connection from pressure in take to actuator pilots + needle valve + velocity check valve + manual reopening device, quoted as per api 6a 17th edition psl2 material class dd, temp. Class u.
Safety relief valve - for well head
Carbon steel bonnet, body and 316 SS disc, nozzel and guide, set pressure (43 kg/cm2), reltemp @ 100 deg. co 80, operating temp. @ 80 deg. Co, capacity @ 45, 146, kg/hr. for size:
#30 of safety valve 2"x300 - 3"x150
#50 of safety valve 3"x300 - 4"x150
Safety relief valve - for oil - gas separator
Set pressure (30 kg/cm2), reltemp @ 100 deg. co 80, operating temp. @ 80 deg. co. for size:
#10 of safety valve 2"x300 - 3"x150
#20 of safety valve 3"x300 - 4"x150
#10 of safety valve 4"x300 - 6"x150
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Teen's Alleged Murderer Turns Himself In
by Paul Bass | Oct 24, 2011 11:11 am
(31) Comments | Commenting has been closed | E-mail the Author
Posted to: Legal Writes
(Updated 1:42 p.m.) Alicia Roberts was dialing her 13-year-old "baby" son's cellphone number when another call came through—telling her someone had killed him.
Roberts was dialing her son, Marquell Banks, to tell him that she'd finished cooking a dinner of collard greens, baked macaroni and cheese, and steak. It had gotten late. "I was calling him to come home, get ready for school, and eat," she said. "That's when I got the call."
Roberts' older son's "baby mother" was on the line, Roberts recalled. She told her about the report that Marquell had died across town on Porter Street, off North Frontage Road.
The man who police believe killed Marquell turned himself in on Monday. He was being held on a $2 million bond.
When Roberts heard the news of her son's death Sunday night, she didn't want to believe it, she said in an interview at her home Monday. She rushed over immediately to see if it was true.
She arrived around 9:20 p.m. to find cops and reporters surrounding a taped-off crime scene at Porter and Parmalee Avenue.
"I just want to know: Is it my son?" she cried out.
Police told her yes, it was. Someone had shot Marquell in the head.
Roberts was beside herself. Police calmed her down, ushered her into a cruiser to take her to Yale-New Haven Hospital's emergency room to identify the body.
Along the ride, a small part of her held out.
"You still had that little bit of hope it's not your kid," she said.
The truth "hit home" when she saw Marquell's body. "He was lying there [as though] sleeping, with a bandage on his head. That's a parent's worst nightmare. You have to ID your child. He was only 13. He was just starting life, not doing nothing. Now I'm about to bury my son."
"Pain" Hits Home
Roberts recalled that nightmare Monday morning sitting with her sister, Bridgette Roberts, in the kitchen of her third-story walk-up a block from Fair Haven School, where Marquell was in seventh grade. (They asked not to be photographed for this story.) ABC's "The View" played on a grainy picture on a Tru-Tech television set no one was watching in the spare living room.
Meanwhile, police were looking for an 18-year-old New Haven man they believe killed Marquell. Police said Marquell was with that man and two other older teens in the first-floor apartment on Porter Street Sunday night. The 18-year-old allegedly shot Marquell in the head with a sawed-off shotgun; apologized to his dead body, according to one witness, and then fled out the door.
Acting Police Chief John Velleca announced at a press conference Monday afternoon that the 18-year-old had turned himself in to police at 10:45 a.m. Police had gone to his last known address looking for him around 3 a.m.; he wasn't there. His mother later accompanied him to headquarters where he was subsequently questioned. (Velleca is pictured at the top of the story surrounded by, from left, Lt. Kenny Howell of patrol, Board of Police Commissioners Chairman Rick Epstein, and Major Crimes Unit chief Lt. Julie Johnson.) Detective Nicole Natale led the investigation with the assistance of Wayne Bullock and David Zaweski
The murder charge indicates that they believe the shooting was no accident.
The shooting is the city's 28th homicide of 2011. Besides the murder charge, the suspect faces charges of reckless endangerment, unlawful discharge and possession of a sawed-off shotgun.
The murder warrant is sealed. As of mid-Monday afternoon, the reason for the homicide remained unclear.
The "why" certainly bedeviled the Roberts sisters in the Fair Haven apartment.
Alicia Roberts said Marquell—the youngest of her four children, known as "Quellay"—had said he was going to a friend's house earlier Sunday afternoon. She didn't know which friend; she assumed it was a friend in the neighborhood.
"I'm surprised somebody did this to my son," she said. "He got along with everybody. He loved rapping, video games, basketball."
"This kid had Division 1 written all over him" said Frank Redente Jr., Marquell's coach at Farnam Neighborhood House.
Marquell played in Farnam's biddy basketball league, according to Redente; his team won the league championship last year when Marquell scored the winning basket. He also played in a summer Amateur Athletic Union league with a team called the New Haven Heat.
Redente took Marquell and the Heat on an AAU trip to Virginia over the summer. In one game, against a team called the Illinois Crush, Marquell "spun around in mid-air and threw up a circus shot" that went through the hoop right before the half-time buzzer. "It was quite an amazing play," Redente said. "He told his gym teacher the trip was the best thing that ever happened to him."
"Marquell was one of a kind," with a great sense of humor, Redente said. "He had us in stitches" during one mammoth traffic jam on the Virginia trip.
"When I hear about other people's kids getting killed, I cry. I feel the pain," Alicia Roberts said Monday. Now, she added, she knows what the pain feels like firsthand.
"Hug your kids when they walk out that door," Marquell's aunt Bridgette said. "Tell them you love them. You never know when it's your turn."
A Ruckus In A Quiet Neighborhood
Police arrived at the scene of the shooting Sunday night to find Marquell inside the first-floor apartment, bleeding from the head from a single gunshot wound. He was taken to Yale-New Haven Hospital—and immediately pronounced dead.
He had been hanging out with three older teens in the apartment.
Police are still unsure of the motive for the shooting. The relationship between the shooter and Marquell Banks also remains unclear.
The man was not home when they came to his house in the early hours Monday.
The apartment door was open when police arrived Sunday night. The door remained open as the investigation continued into Monday morning.
The scene is a block away from the Universoul Circus, which is set up on the divider between Legion Avenue and North Frontage, the limited-access stretch of Route 34 that divided the neighborhood in the 1960s (and interrupted streets like Porter).
Neighbors said Porter Street is quiet.
"I've been here 18 years" and rarely seen any trouble, said one woman who lives a few doors up the block. She did say that about a month ago she noticed undercover cops spending a few hours at the house where Sunday night's fatal shooting took place.
Police confirmed that they rarely receive calls from Porter Street.
Post a Comment
posted by: the ville on October 23, 2011 10:52pm
My heart goes out to his parents and my prayer God bless
posted by: observor1 on October 24, 2011 5:58am
A very sad incident to say the least.A young boy,barely a teenager,is gone because of someone's negligence. As other media have reported it was a shotgun found in someones back yard it clearly indicates it wasn't there for sporting purposes.Maybe this incident will be a wake up call to parents and others to start reporting all the questionable weapons to the NHPD so they aren't in the wrong hands.How about it people. Are you ready to help put a stop to this carnage in New Haven??
posted by: FairHavenMom on October 24, 2011 7:29am
This makes me so very sad. New Haven is out of control and I can't wrap my head around such senseless violence. 28 homocides? Its shameful.
Observor1…you have a very good poing about parents and community speaking up and taking back thier neighborhoods. Unfortuately they are the ones not reading this it seems.
posted by: Moira on October 24, 2011 8:00am
13? He was still a child, barely a teen. Devastating.
I recently had the privilege of chatting with two city high school students—juniors—who are working together to create a neighborhood youth group. The group, which will be split into two sections (ages 7-12 and 13-18, has among its goals peer support for kids affected by violence in their neighborhood. It also has the goal of bringing kids together—kids as young as 7—to speak out against this kind of violence.
It was inspiring to meet these students and hear of their plans. They have some quality mentorship, so I'm sure their group will do well. Despite their proactivity, however, I am very sad that things have become this bad for them, their friends and our whole city.
posted by: robn on October 24, 2011 8:07am
I know it was probably impossible to get answers so soon, but it would be a public service if the NHI could tell this child's story. How is it that a 13 year old boy comes to find himself facing the barrel of a gun?
posted by: evelyn on October 24, 2011 8:17am
This story is such a heartbreaking story. I didnt know this young man or his famdily, but there could be absolutely nothing this CHILD has done to warrant dying the way he did. My heart and prayers go out to the family.
But on another note, where was the $90,00 consultant New Haven has that is supposed to get this kind of stuff under control? come on people.., We have to get involved and have our voices heard out here in order to do something like this. No mother should have to identify her 13yr old with a bullet in his head or anywhere else. This has me shedding tears as I write this because I have two teenagers myself and they wonder why I keep them so close?
posted by: doreen on October 24, 2011 8:31am
My prayers are with the family and friends of this child.
posted by: Fairhavener on October 24, 2011 8:47am
This is a major piece of the puzzle here: "She [mother] told police she had seen her son a couple of hours before the shooting. He was alone. She didn't know he had gone over to West River."
A mom doesn't know that her 13 year old is not at home but way across town on a school night? Do you know how difficult it is for a person without personal motor transportation to get across town on a Sunday evening? Very difficult! The buses run on limited basis on Sundays. This was quite an undertaking for this teen to even be there in the first place.
Mom, where were you?
Still, my deepest condolences go out to all involved with this tragedy. I hope the the shooter gets a full sentence.
posted by: D on October 24, 2011 9:42am
Do you have more information about this group? Are they forming it through their school? I'd really like to learn more about what they're doing.
posted by: Moira on October 24, 2011 10:03am
D, it's through a literacy center in the Kensington area. The students indicated that the center is mentored (if not totally run) by Yale students. The high school students I spoke to already volunteer at the center, and the decision to start the group was of their own volition. That's the most I can offer. :)
posted by: mrs G on October 24, 2011 10:47am
It's sad to see another young man life cut so short we need to take back streets and protect our children .Because we are losing really fast .My heart goes out to that mother she lost her baby at 13yrs,he didn't deserve to lose his life to gun violence.Let start praying for god to step in and take control,because we need Jesus know.
Family stay strong.
posted by: Noteworthy on October 24, 2011 11:26am
This city is out of control. Rudderless. Empty. Devoid of real leadership. The bodies continue to accumulate.
Unsuccessful mayoral candidate Tony Dawson said it this way: "While DeStefano does nothing, our children are being murdered in the streets. We cannot expect change with the same tired leadership."
Prophetic. True.
posted by: John on October 24, 2011 12:58pm
It is easy to blame the administration for all these crimes, We as a community must take ownership of our streets and children. As parents we should know where are kids are at all time, know what are they doing. Is easy to blame others and not our-self
posted by: cedarhillresident on October 24, 2011 1:54pm
I made this video in 2006 to vent. When chief Ortiz was in place and I asked him and Destefano what are you going to do the kids in my area having guns…they both laughed and told me I watched to much TV :( And because of that type of additude the situation just kept growing now it is almost 2012 So do you still think I watch to much TV?
posted by: cedarhillresident on October 24, 2011 2:02pm
opps and made this one a year later….guess the promises were just words!
just makes me sad that I was screaming back then and still nothing but election promises!
posted by: reader on October 24, 2011 2:12pm
posted by: westville man on October 24, 2011 3:30pm
Noteworthy, Sadly ironic that you chose Dawson to quote on this when rumor has it he will endorse Destefano.
These murders would not be ALLOWED to occur in the suburbs. I agree with some of the other writers- we are ALL to blame, including me. Very depressing.
posted by: The mad rapper on October 24, 2011 4:10pm
This is extremely sad. This generation that's is coming up has to grow up. All we are seeing is kids killing each other it's sad. I hope that some of these parents start to wake up. All these rap videos about drug guns and violence just is not fun anymore. Grow up people take a stand in your child's life so that stories like this don't happen anymore. Aren't we tired of all this. I don't understand it. It seems to happen in the same neighborhoods with the same people. Cut the rapping and violence. It only gets you to one place and it's not a good one. But then again I might just be wasteing my breathe because the people that should be reading this aren't.
posted by: Elaine Braffman on October 24, 2011 5:23pm
This takes my breathe away….so sorry to the family.
posted by: Truth Avenger on October 24, 2011 5:31pm
We need an Occupy NRA movement… The uncontrolled flow of weaponry, legal and illegal, makes the taking of life all too easy. The lame argument that "guns don't kill people-people kill people" sidesteps the fact: people with guns-kill people. Some accommodation with the right to bear arms is going to have to be reached. The other part of the equation, as a previous commenter mentioned in another article, is to keep these kids occupied with wholesome activities and mentoring programs. Parents need to occupy more space in the lives of their children-don't leave it to video games and peers.
Heartfelt Condolences to the mother and family members.
posted by: People Stop on October 24, 2011 5:42pm
People don't make this tragic accident a political spectacle. Two families have lost their children, one to a violent crime and the other for pulling the trigger. As i read in this article the parent turned her son in, that say a lot about this parent and we need more parents like this one.
Now it's not the Mayor's fault nor any community leaders fault but the one who pulled the trigger.
Respect these families and pray for them so Stop finding fault into people that have nothing to do with this incident and praise the police department for doing such a good job in breaking this case.
don't use the incident as your election platform, respect the families.
posted by: Jake on October 24, 2011 9:48pm
@the mad rapper
This incident has nothing to do with rap music. These kids listen to rap music because they can relate to it, and it has a strong connection to their lifestyle, but they don't base ttheirlife off of rap music. after all, there are plenty of Christian rappers out there, sending messages of love and faith. I personally enjoy rap music, but never take the lyrics into consideration while making my life decisions. I think that who we really should be after is the parents. There is a strong llack-ofcommunication between endangered kids and thief parents, because the parents just don't seem to care, untill it's to late. I'm wondering why the parent had no idea where her child was. I'm wondering where the adult in the house was. If the parents start caring then the kids will lead by example. It all leads down to laziness. To the family of the victim, you will be in my prayers tonight, although generally I don't pray at all. This event is just to sad to handle.
posted by: bewildered on October 24, 2011 10:11pm
I think that it is such a tragedy that a young boy has to die for people to wake up. Parents need to know where their children are and who they are hanging out with. As a society we are always questioning, the police, the teachers, the government officials but honestly it starts at home.
posted by: city resident on October 25, 2011 6:47am
The only way to stop the black on black violence is to get to the bottom of problem. Teen mothers no good black male role models is the issue. Stop blaming king John and the police for the this problem. Raise your children correctly or dont having them. Its no one else is fault for this violence except for the people involved. Take responsibility black community for your own actions. This child died possibly by accident don't blame City
posted by: Moira on October 25, 2011 8:16am
@ People Stop: Agreed.
I really hope that Fair Haven School has provided grief counselors to its students.
posted by: streever on October 25, 2011 9:45pm
Before making nasty comments, please, consider that the young man who died has a family and loved ones who are reading this. This will come up in every google search for him.
Do they want to read bickering, debates, and accusations? No, absolutely not. There are plenty of opportunities and venues to debate what and why happened—I don't think a permanent on-line record tied to the victims name is the best place for that.
posted by: grieving family on October 29, 2011 11:46pm
To all you ...s up here first of all you don't know what my mother is going through unless you a had child die yourself.. my mother isn't to blame because at the end of day she is a single parent who did more than enough to give us a good life. And it wasn't an accident he meant to kill my little brother. So if u dont know what your talking about don't comment.


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What Is Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder?
How to Tell the Difference Between PMS and PMDD Symptoms
By Carole Jacobs, Special to Lifescript
Published January 31, 2012
By Edward C. Geehr, M.D.
Currently 3/5 Stars.
5 Medical Tests Every Post-40 Woman Needs
Shoulder Dystocia
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Fibroids Treatment Options Abound
Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) means something different to every woman – irritability, bloating, food cravings. And for a small percentage, it means falling into a mid-cycle depression so deep they can hardly perform daily activities. Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) can be debilitating if undiagnosed. Here are ways to detect PMDD symptoms, and what you can do about it...
Your period is coming, and besides feeling bloated, crampy and fatigued, you're so depressed you can barely get out of bed.
It feels like PMS on steroids, but it may be an actual medical condition, called premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD), a serious psychiatric disorder characterized by severe and disabling emotional symptoms.
Up to 8% of menstruating women suffer from PMDD, says Frances Ginsburg, M.D., a reproductive endocrinologist with Stamford Hospital in Connecticut and an assistant professor of clinical obstetrics and gynecology at Columbia University Medical School in
New York.
But many women with PMDD symptoms go undiagnosed because they or their physicians aren't familiar with the disease, according to a 2003 joint study conducted by University of California – Los Angeles (UCLA) and Keele University in Staffordshire, England.
"For years, doctors thought symptoms of PMDD were really bad cases of PMS or just something imaginary," says
Shari Brasner, M.D.
, an obstetrician/gynecologist in New York City.
It wasn't until 1998 that the American Psychiatric Association recognized premenstrual dysphoric disorder as a bona-fide medical condition separate from PMS, she says.
"Having a clear-cut definition put a real name on it and validated it for women who suffer from PMDD," Brasner says.
Diagnosing Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
You may have PMDD if at least one of your five symptoms includes a severe emotional symptom, such as feelings of hopelessness, major depression or anxiety, an overwhelming feeling of sadness or severe anger, explains Catherine Hansen, M.D., an obstetrician/gynecologist and assistant professor in the department of obstetrics and gynecology at the Pelvic Health and Continence Center at the University of Texas Medical
Branch in Galveston.
PMDD symptoms include:
Mood swings
Marked anger, irritability or tension
Decreased interest in usual activities
A change in appetite
Sleep problems
Physical problems, such as bloating and temporary weight gain
"PMDD usually strikes women in their late 20s and early 30s who have a regular menstrual cycle," Ginsburg says. "We don't see the disease in pregnant women, menopausal women or in women taking birth control pills."
Mysterious conditions
What triggers PMDD? Researchers aren't sure, although some point a finger at cyclical changes in estrogen, progesterone and other hormones.
These can disrupt the function of brain chemicals such as serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps control mood, says Karen Deighan, M.D., an obstetrician/gynecologist and chairwoman of the OB-GYN department at Gottlieb Memorial Hospital, near Chicago.
A 2007 study conducted by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) was the first to show that PMDD is a genetic mood disorder triggered by gonadal steroids (which influence brain function) during the last two weeks of the menstrual cycle.
Women with a personal or family history of mood disorders – including major or postpartum depression – are at greater risk for PMDD, the NIH
Getting a Diagnosis for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Making a PMDD diagnosis isn't easy. There's no test for it, and symptoms overlap with PMS and other physical and psychiatric conditions.
Doctors must rule out those other conditions, such as thyroid disorders, diabetes, endometriosis, fibroids, menopause, major depression, panic disorder or bipolar disorder, Hansen says.
Then, your physician will ask you to track your physical and emotional symptoms for two months using a PMDD chart.
You may have PMDD if "symptoms recur 7-10 days before menstruation but disappear within a few days after your period starts," Hansen says.
If you're feeling depressed, angry or anxious the entire month, it's probably another psychological condition, she says.
In some cases, doctors can't differentiate between PMS and PMDD.
"Symptoms may get better and then worse, occur long-term or go away
and not come back," Hansen says.
Treatment for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Most experts use a combination of lifestyle changes, medication and psychotherapy to get PMDD under control.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several drugs for PMDD treatment, including:
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs):
These "are the drugs of choice for PMDD and work by regulating levels of the brain neurotransmitter serotonin, which controls moods," Ginsburg says.
They can be taken throughout the month or two weeks before your period, depending on the severity of symptoms, Hansen says.
Those who take SSRIs for depression usually have to wait 4-6 weeks for it to build up in their systems and offer relief, she adds. But that's not the case in women with PMDD.
"Many women with PMDD experience relief from symptoms very soon after taking medication," Hansen says.
Unfortunately, SSRIs don't work with about 40% of women with PMDD symptoms, according to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's
Center for Women's Mood Disorders.
Oral contraceptives
If SSRIs don't work, doctors turn next to birth control pills, which may relieve symptoms by preventing ovulation and stabilizing hormone fluctuations, Hansen says.
Yasmin (Yaz) is the only FDA-approved birth control pill for treating PMDD because research has shown it's effective in women for three consecutive menstrual cycles. Yaz also helps relieve physical and psychological effects of premenstrual dysphoric disorder, according to a 2008 UCLA study.
Yaz is a combination oral contraceptive, which means it contains synthetic forms of both estrogen and progestin, and has some serious health risks.
New research shows that combination pills with a chemical called drospirenone may double or triple the risk for deep vein thrombosis (DVT). It occurs when a blood clot forms in the leg or pelvis and blocks blood supplies to the heart and other organs, according to an FDA safety alert issued in May 2011.
Other birth control pills with drospirenone, which include Yasmin generics (Gianvi, Ocella, Syeda and Zarah), Beyaz and Safyral, may pose
the same risk, the FDA says.
If you're taking an oral contraceptive with drospirenone, the agency advises these steps:
Don't stop taking it without first talking to your doctor.
If you experience symptoms of blood clots, such as persistent leg pain, severe chest pain or sudden shortness of breath, call your doctor immediately.
Avoid Yaz and other combination oral contraceptives if you smoke and/or you're 35 or older. All raise the risk of DVT, the FDA says.
Other medication options include diuretics, "which reduce swelling and bloating associated with PMDD, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs], which alleviate painful inflammation," Ginsburg says.
Natural Remedies for Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Lifestyle changes may also reduce the severity of PMDD symptoms. Doctors recommend the following steps:
Eat more fruits and vegetables:
"Increasing your intake of complex carbohydrates, such as whole grains and fruits and veggies, during the two weeks preceding menstruation may help ease symptoms by increasing serotonin levels," Brasner says.
Cut back on salt:
It may decrease water retention, which can lead to
bloating, Hansen says.
Reduce coffee consumption:
Reducing caffeine can help relieve jitteriness, which may aggravate emotional symptoms, she advises.
Get more calcium:
Women who took 1,200 milligrams (mg) of calcium carbonate daily saw a 50% reduction in physical and psychological PMDD symptoms, according to a 2008 Columbia University study.
Take B vitamins:
Those consuming 100 mg of vitamin B-6 daily reduced PMDD symptoms, according to a 2011 study at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Researchers speculate that B vitamins may impact brain neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine, which have been linked to premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Try chasteberry (agnus castus fruit):
Women who took 120 mg of chasteberry extract daily felt less anger and were less irritable, according to a 2001 study at the Institute for Health Care and Science in Hüttenberg, Germany. Headache and breast tenderness symptoms were reduced too. Chasteberry, which is sold in health foods stores, is available as a powdered extract, liquid extract, tincture and supplement.
Get more exercise:
"Daily aerobic exercise has been shown in many studies to improve mood and other PMDD symptoms by elevating serotonin levels," says Meghan Lynch, M.D., an obstetrician/gynecologist in the division of pelvic reconstruction with Mercy Medical Center
in Baltimore.
Stress less:
Stress releases cortisol, a hormone that increases fluid retention and aggravates PMDD bloating, says Ginsburg. Biofeedback and relaxation techniques, such as yoga and tai chi, are good tools for reducing anxiety, says Hansen.
Seek counseling:
"Even if a woman only goes to two sessions, she can learn some important tools for avoiding things that trigger bad moods," Lynch says.
Tame sleeping problems:
"Insomnia makes symptoms worse," she says.
For more expert advice and information, visit our
Women's Health Center
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Formula One racing is a difficult beast to master, with team, car and driver all striving in unison to deliver the best possible performance. Theres no doubt that collectively the package is greater than the sum of its parts, but if were dealing in cliches, then its important to remember that winning is in the detail, and in F1 racing there is nothing more important than details.
The ultimate representation of this is the car itself. From nose to tail, the design of a car embodies a teams pursuit of perfection. Any element, however small, can make or break a race, even a season, and within every car, every part has been honed (and honed some more) to ensure it wont let the team down.
Easy to overlook, and often overshadowed by those much-talked-about tyres that surround them, wheels are an interesting case in point. An insignificant, homogenous chunk of metal that all teams run they are not. In fact, the rivalry between the sports wheel manufacturers is just as fierce as that between engine suppliers and the work that goes into a teams wheels easily rivals that for any other component.
The FIAs regulations for wheels are surprisingly brief. Their number is fixed at four (remember Tyrrells six-wheeled P34 from 1976?) and they must be made of one homogenous metallic material. Their width, when fitted with Bridgestone tyres, must lie between 305 and 355mm at the front and between 365 and 380mm at the rear, while complete wheel diameter must not exceed 660mm when fitted with dry-weather tyres, or 670mm when fitted with wet-weather tyres. From there on in it is largely left to the teams - and their wheel partners - to design and manufacture the best on the grid.
Needless to say this relative flexibility in the rules, and the very real performance advantage to be gained, has led to some long-lasting partnerships between team and supplier. Eight-time constructors world champions McLaren have worked with Enkei for over ten years. One of the largest OEM (original equipment manufacturer) wheel suppliers in the world, the Japanese company produce more than 10 million wheels a year across every continent. For McLaren, deciding on - and sticking with - Enkei was a clear-cut decision.
There is no doubt that Enkei is an extremely knowledgeable and competent company on all aspects of wheel design and manufacturing, says senior McLaren design team member, Luca Furbatto. Enkei's desire to perfect their products over the years, enhancing performance and quality at every opportunity, is aligned with McLaren's vision and values.
That partnership starts on paper at Enkeis base in Japan. After McLaren have specified design targets, including maximum weight, hub design, stiffness and installation requirements, a team at Enkei get to work, creating a number of ideas before showing McLaren its final proposals, typically numbering around 20.
In wheel design, the balance between strength and weight is absolutely critical. Too heavy and the car will lose performance, too weak and there is a risk of failure. Its a real tightrope walk, and to gauge it correctly Enkei are reliant on simulated circuit data supplied by McLaren. With that data and using a process called finite element analysis, Enkei - after a lot of number crunching - are capable of predicting the durability of a component on each track on the calendar.
Interestingly, although the wheel is the only part of an F1 car in contact with the tyre, there is no direct design involvement from Formula One racings official tyre supplier, Bridgestone. However, with Bridgestone following the ETRTO (European Tyre and Rim Technical Organisation) specifications, which define several of the wheels key features like lip profiles and the recesses for tyre mounting and dismounting, there is no real need of any outside input, apart from, of course, McLarens.
And every year the McLaren-Enkei partnership strives to think up new ways to improve the technology and give the British team a competitive advantage over their rivals. Evolving the design is a constant aim for both parties, and like everything in F1 racing, is a very in-depth process. To put it into context, five months ahead of the 2010's first race, Enkei and McLaren had already formalised the season's wheel design and specification ready for production at Enkeis factory.
The wheel design changes every season as we always want to perfect and optimise the final product, explains Furbatto. We review the production cycle regularly and we're keen to implement new features all the time, from enhancing tyre-fitting to a lighter paint finish, from more elaborate machining detail to the aerodynamic interaction between rims and car aerodynamics.
Moreover, there are aspects related to the fitting speed of tyres during pit stops that are very important to the overall outcome of the race. There are also aspects related to managing the differences in shapes and weights of different tyre specifications (for example, wet tyres have a different weight compared with dry) during an event that require a degree of attention in order to keep the car legal at all times.
The partnership must also respond to any regulation changes that come into force from season to season. For 2010, when wheel designs must be homologated prior to the start of the season, those regulations are set to be tightened by the FIA. But like any good F1 engineer, when opportunities are reduced in one area, Enkei look to maximise those elsewhere within their design.
As a wheel manufacturer, we enjoy the freedom of being able to improve and update our products for each new season, explains Takeyoshi Terada, executive officer of Enkeis marketing department. For 2010, however, new FIA regulations - such as prescribing minimum rim thickness in several areas - means there is less freedom available now. That simply means weve assigned our efforts to different areas. The wheel spokes and hubs are less regulated, and we are free to develop more intensively in those areas.
Next years cars will also have narrower front tyres, and will weigh more at the start of a Grand Prix due to a ban on refuelling. This, combined with new spending constraints, has made for interesting times in McLaren's and Enkei's design departments.
In terms of differences for next season we expect large changes in 2010 because of constraints on costs, smaller front tyre sizes (12 inches instead of 12.75) and heavier cars, says Furbatto. Due to the financial restrictions imposed by the recession and by FIA/FOTA, the challenge on wheel design will move towards less expensive wheels or more durable wheels with, for example, a life-span of more than 5,000km."
With so much change from one season to another, its no surprise that over the last decade wheel design and manufacture has come on in leaps and bounds, with a constantly evolving approach making for real gains on track. Ten years ago wheels weighed four kilos, whereas this season they were 3.6. Contemporary designs are also considered over 20 percent more efficient than those of the late 1990s.
There have been major steps forward in manufacturing techniques. Whereas before the magnesium used to make the wheel would be cast, now it is forged in the Enkei factory under a massive 9,000-ton press. Turned to create the basic shape and profile, the wheel is then milled using a five-axis machine to create the spokes. Ten years ago two-axis machinery was typically used, but this modern five-axis jig allows Enkei to achieve Formula One levels of quality and consistency. Its an intense process, but in reality the companys work has only just begun.
We also machine the hub and additional holes for the tyre valve and pressure sensors, explains Terada. Once the basic wheel is completed, it is thoroughly inspected and undergoes a series of non-destructive checks before being degreased, painted, lacquered and re-inspected for appearance and paint finish. Finally, each wheel is boxed individually and sent to McLaren.
Its a big shipment. Over the course of this years 17-race calendar McLaren used around 350 wheels. On a race weekend each driver can use up to 21 sets of tyres between dry tyres, wet tyres and extreme wet tyres (or 84 wheels) so we are typically bringing 180 wheels to each event altogether, says Furbatto. We tend to use new wheels for races but inevitably, as the season progresses, we also begin to use low-mileage wheels for some races. We also need wheels for aero tests, demo runs and off-season testing, so the logistical problems of shipping wheels around the world whilst maintaining a sensible stock are not easy to solve."
Although Enkei do not send representatives to each race - McLaren look after the wheels at the track - the Japanese companys involvement job does not end when the season gets underway. Enkei offer technical support when needed and wheel refurbishments throughout the year. And, critically, on the rare occasions when things go wrong Enkei investigate.
Despite the lengthy design and testing processes, wheel reliability is never 100 percent watertight. According to Furbatto the theoretical lifespan for Enkeis wheels is approximately 3,000km. While its very rare for pounding over kerbs or minor off-track moments to cause issues, light collisions, stones scoring the rim and accidents all take their toll, and in practice the average lifespan is more like 2,500km.
To ensure optimum reliability, McLaren regularly carry out non-destructive tests on the wheels. But even with all this effort, its hard to guard against the unexpected and so wheel failures can - and do - happen. For McLaren, the most recent came at the 2008 Spanish Grand Prix, when driver Heikki Kovalainen suffered a high-speed crash linked to a manufacturing fault on his cars left-front wheel.
That accident was caused by a set of unfortunate circumstances - an undetectable finish had been incorrectly applied to the surface of the wheel, causing the wheel to suffer a loss of preload at racing speeds, explains Terada. As a result, the wheel loosened and started rubbing against the brake duct, which led to the sudden loss of tyre pressure and Heikkis accident. It wasnt easy to recreate that exact set of circumstances in the laboratory, but once we understood all the issues, we were able to further tighten our inspection procedure.
Despite Enkeis high level of Formula One involvement, it forms only a small part of their business - street wheels are their real bread and butter. But as with all things in Formula One racing, theres an element of transfer between the track and the road that in the end helps everyone, in terms of both form and function.
F1 wheels are certainly on the edge compared to larger runs of production wheels or lightweight after-market replacements, concludes Terada. From working in motorsport, weve learnt how to push the design of our road car wheels, making them lighter and more efficient - qualities that improve both fuel efficiency and ride quality. And while function is always the most important aspect in any motorsport, stylistically, we aim to create designs that will have an effect on after-market wheel sales.


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