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Office of Scientific and Technical Information
Prototype Phasor-Based Real-Time Monitoring Software Tool - Training Presentation
NLE Websites -- All DOE Office Websites (Extended Search)
Prototype Phasor-Based Real-Time Monitoring Prototype Phasor-Based Real-Time Monitoring Software Tool - Training Presentation Prepared For: California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program Prepared By: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions APPENDIX E October 2008 CEC-500-2008-049-APE Prepared By: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Joe Eto, Manu Parashar, Bernard Lesieutre, and Nancy Jo Lewis Berkeley, CA Administered by University of California, California Institute for Energy and Environment under 500-99-013, BOA-138. Jim Cole, Larry Miller Oakland, California 94612 Commission Contract No. 500-02-004 Commission Work Authorization No: MR-036 Prepared For: Public Interest Energy Research (PIER)
CGLive - A Real Time Power Monitoring Solution for Enterprises
Science Conference Proceedings (OSTI)
CGLive is a real time energy monitoring software tool that could be used to monitor and reduce energy consumption of PC's in a enterprise network environment. Working of CGLive has been tested in a lab environment and was found to be successful. Dashboard ... Keywords: Green IT, Intelligent Green IT Management, Energy audit, M2M technology, Sensor Networks, Performance Optimization, Remote monitoring
Subrahmanya VRK Rao; S. Ramesh; V. Arun Muthuraj; Karthik Sundararaman; Jinka Parthasarathi
Real time monitoring in web telerobotics
There is a growing need for humans to perform complex remote operations and to extend the intelligence and experience of experts to distant applications. A blending of human intelligence, modern information technology, remote control, and intelligent ... Keywords: TCP/IP, UDP, control, internet, monitoring, real-time, telerobotics, web
Ionut Resceanu; Marius Niculescu; Cristina Pana
Predictable real-time software synthesis
Formal theories for real-time systems (such as timed process algebra, timed automata and timed petri nets) have gained great success in the modeling of concurrent timing behavior and in the analysis of real-time properties. However, due to the ineliminable ... Keywords: Formal methods, Program synthesis, Real-time systems
Jinfeng Huang; Jeroen Voeten; Henk Corporaal
Dynamic software updates for real-time systems
Seamlessly updating software in running systems has recently gained momentum. Dynamically updating the software of real-time embedded systems, however, still poses numerous challenges: such systems must meet hard deadlines, cope with limited resources, ... Keywords: dynamic software update, embedded, real-time
Michael Wahler; Stefan Richter; Manuel Oriol
Sensor Technology for Real Time Monitoring of Molten Salt ...
Presentation Title, Sensor Technology for Real Time Monitoring of Molten Salt Electrolytes During Nuclear Fuel Electrorefining. Author(s), Michael F. Simpson,�...
System for remote multichannel real-time monitoring of mouse ECG via the Internet
E-Print Network (OSTI)
A hardware/software system was developed to allow real-time monitoring of multiple physiological signals simultaneously via the Internet. The hardware is specifically designed for measuring ECG signals from mice, while the ...
Oefinger, Matthew Blake, 1976-
Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis
Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis The invention apparatus can also be used to monitor for the presence of halogens, sulfur and silicon. Available for thumbnail of Feynman Center (505) 665-9090 Email Microwave Plasma Monitoring System For Real-Time Elemental Analysis There has been invented a process for analyzing ambient air in a microwave induced plasma without use of an additional carrier gas. There has also been invented an apparatus for analyzing ambient air, other sample gas, or nebulized and desolvated liquids wherein a novel arrangement of plasma gas and sample gas conduits is used to enhance dependability of the plasma. This apparatus embodiment of the invention has a concentric arrangement of
Device Specific Real-time Energy Monitoring, Control, and Dynamic...
Device Specific Real-time Energy Monitoring, Control, and Dynamic Demand Response Solutions Speaker(s): Jake Masters Olcay Ungun Date: February 23, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122...
NETL: Gasification Systems - Real Time Flame Monitoring of Gasifier...
Real Time Flame Monitoring of Gasifier Burner and Injectors Project No.: DE-FC26-02NT41585 Gas Technology Institute is developing a reliable, practical, and cost effective means to...
Real-time alkali monitoring system
DOE Patents (OSTI)
A fiber optics based optical emission line monitoring system is provided in which selected spectral emission lines, such as the sodium emission line, may be detected in the presence of interfering background radiation. A combustion flame is fed by a diverted portion of a process stream and the common end of a bifurcated or quadfurcated fiber optic light guide is adapted to collect light from the flame. The light is guided through the branches of the fiber optic cable to bandpass filters, one of which is adapted to each of the branches of the fiber optic light guide. The bandpass filters are centered at wavelengths corresponding to the emission lines to be detected and two separate filters are required for each species being detected. The first filter has a bandwidth of about 3 nms and the second filter has a bandwidth of about 10 nms. Light detectors are located to view the light passing through the bandpass filters and amplifiers are connected to receive signals from the light detectors. The amplifier corresponding to the bandpass filter having the narrower bandwidth is preset to scale the signal by a factor equal to the ratio of the wide and narrow bandwidths of the bandpass filters. This scaling produces a scaled signal from which the difference between the scaled signal on the other signal can be calculated to produce a signal having an amplitude directly proportional to the concentration of the species of interest and independent of background radiation.
Goff, David R. (Christiansburg, VA); Romanosky, Robert R. (Prosperity, PA); Hensel, Peter (Morgantown, WV)
A fiber optics based optical emission line monitoring system is provided in which selected emission lines, such as the sodium emission line, may be detected in the presence of interfering background radiation. A combustion flame is fed by a diverted portion of a process stream and the common end of a bifurcated or quadfurcated fiber optic light guide is adapted to collect light from the flame. The light is guided through the branches of the fiber optic cable to bandpass filters, one of which is adapted to each of the branches of the fiber optic light guide. The bandpass filters are centered at wavelengths corresponding to the emission lines to be detected and two separate filters are required for each species being detected. The first filter has a bandwidth of about 3 nms and the second filter has a bandwidth of about 10 nms. Light detectors are located to view the light passing through the bandpass filters and amplifiers are connected to receive signals from the light detectors. The amplifier corresponding to the bandpass filter having the narrower bandwidth is preset to scale the signal by a factor equal to the ratio of the wide and narrow bandwidths of the bandpass filters. This scaling produces a scaled signal from which the difference between the scaled signal on the other signal can be calculated to produce a signal having an amplitude directly proportional to the concentration of the species of interest and independent of background radiation. 4 figs., 1 tab.
Goff, D.R.; Romanosky, R.R.; Hensel, P.
Wide-area, real-time monitoring and visualization system
SciTech Connect
A real-time performance monitoring system for monitoring an electric power grid. The electric power grid has a plurality of grid portions, each grid portion corresponding to one of a plurality of control areas. The real-time performance monitoring system includes a monitor computer for monitoring at least one of reliability metrics, generation metrics, transmission metrics, suppliers metrics, grid infrastructure security metrics, and markets metrics for the electric power grid. The data for metrics being monitored by the monitor computer are stored in a data base, and a visualization of the metrics is displayed on at least one display computer having a monitor. The at least one display computer in one said control area enables an operator to monitor the grid portion corresponding to a different said control area.
Budhraja, Vikram S. (Los Angeles, CA); Dyer, James D. (La Mirada, CA); Martinez Morales, Carlos A. (Upland, CA)
Real-time performance monitoring and management system
Budhraja, Vikram S.; Dyer, James D.; Martinez Morales, Carlos A.
Real Time Flame Monitoring of Gasifier Burner and Injectors
Real Time Flame Monitoring of Gasifier Real Time Flame Monitoring of Gasifier Burner and Injectors Background The Gasification Technologies Program at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) supports research and development (R&D) in the area of gasification-a process whereby carbon-based materials (feedstocks) such as coal are converted into synthesis gas (syngas), which is separated into hydrogen (H 2 ) and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas streams in a combustion turbine-generator as a way to generate clean electricity while
Real-time human collaboration monitoring and intervention
A method of and apparatus for monitoring and intervening in, in real time, a collaboration between a plurality of subjects comprising measuring indicia of physiological and cognitive states of each of the plurality of subjects, communicating the indicia to a monitoring computer system, with the monitoring computer system, comparing the indicia with one or more models of previous collaborative performance of one or more of the plurality of subjects, and with the monitoring computer system, employing the results of the comparison to communicate commands or suggestions to one or more of the plurality of subjects.
Merkle, Peter B. (Sandia Park, NM); Johnson, Curtis M. (Sandia Park, NM); Jones, Wendell B. (Albuquerque, NM); Yonas, Gerold (Albuquerque, NM); Doser, Adele B. (Albuquerque, NM); Warner, David J. (Rancho Santa Fe, CA)
Real Time Monitoring of Self Assembled Monolayers Using ATR: Implications
Real Time Monitoring of Self Assembled Monolayers Using ATR: Implications Real Time Monitoring of Self Assembled Monolayers Using ATR: Implications to Atmospheric Organic Surfaces Speaker(s): Yael Dubowski Date: December 10, 2003 - 12:00pm Location: Bldg. 90 Seminar Host/Point of Contact: Hugo Destaillats Most studies of heterogeneous reactions on aerosols have focused on their implications for gas phase species. Less attention, however, has been given to the modification of aerosol surfaces during such reactions. Alteration of aerosol surface species may affect their hygroscopic and radiative properties as well as their reactivity toward other atmospheric trace species. In the present study, we use self-assembled organic monolayers (SAM) as proxies for atmospheric organic aerosols. Detection of even very short carbon chains (i.e., C3) as well as continuous monitoring of the SAMs
Error computation for predictable real-time software synthesis
Synthesizing an implementation from a model in a predictable way is one of the major challenges in real-time system design. In our previous work we addressed this problem by generating in real-time an execution path through a model and by synchronizing ... Keywords: error computation, predictable design, property prediction, real-time systems
Jeroen Voeten; Oana Florescu; Jinfeng Huang; Henk Corporaal
Software development with real-time collaborative editing
This thesis presents Collabode, a web-based integrated development environment for Java. With real-time collaborative editing, multiple programmers can use Collabode to edit the same source code at the same time. Collabode ...
Goldman, Max, Ph. D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Real-Time System Log Monitoring/Analytics Framework
Analyzing system logs provides useful insights for identifying system/application anomalies and helps in better usage of system resources. Nevertheless, it is simply not practical to scan through the raw log messages on a regular basis for large-scale systems. First, the sheer volume of unstructured log messages affects the readability, and secondly correlating the log messages to system events is a daunting task. These factors limit large-scale system logs primarily for generating alerts on known system events, and post-mortem diagnosis for identifying previously unknown system events that impacted the systems performance. In this paper, we describe a log monitoring framework that enables prompt analysis of system events in real-time. Our web-based framework provides a summarized view of console, netwatch, consumer, and apsched logs in real- time. The logs are parsed and processed to generate views of applications, message types, individual/group of compute nodes, and in sections of the compute platform. Also from past application runs we build a statistical profile of user/application characteristics with respect to known system events, recoverable/non-recoverable error messages and resources utilized. The web-based tool is being developed for Jaguar XT5 at the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing facility.
Oral, H Sarp [ORNL; Dillow, David A [ORNL; Park, Byung H [ORNL; Shipman, Galen M [ORNL; Geist, Al [ORNL; Gunasekaran, Raghul [ORNL
8 8 Gasification Technologies contacts Gary J. stiegel Gasification Technology Manager National Energy Technology Laboratory 626 Cochrans Mill Road P.O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh, PA 15236 412-386-4499 email@example.com Jenny tennant Project Manager National Energy Technology Laboratory 3610 Collins Ferry Road P.O. Box 880 Morgantown, WV 26507 304-285-4830 firstname.lastname@example.com David Rue Principal Investigator Gas Technology Institute 1700 South Mount Prospect Road Des Plaines, IL 60018 847-768-0508 firstname.lastname@example.com Real Time Flame moniToRing oF gasiFieR BuRneR and injecToRs Description Combustion scientists and engineers have studied radiant emissions of various flames for many years. For some time, technologists have understood the rich potential for
Real-Time Monitoring and Assessment of Circuit Breaker Operations for
Circuit breakers (CBs) are very important elements in the power system. They are used to switch other equipment in and out of service. Circuit breakers need to be reliable since their incorrect operation can cause major issues with power system protection and control. Today�s practice in monitoring circuit breaker operation and status in real time is reduced to the use of Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system to assess CB status. More detailed information about the control circuit performance may be obtained by CB test equipment typically used for maintenance diagnostics [1]. This paper addresses two important issues: a) how improved CB monitoring may be implemented in real-time, and b) what would be the benefits of such an implementation. The results reported in this paper are coming from two research projects, conducted using funding from CenterPoint Energy and DOE-CERTS aimed at development of software for automated analysis of CB data and the other covering development of the CB data acquisition unit respectively. The paper is devoted to description of a prototype implementation of a real-time CB monitoring system. The system consists of a new CB monitoring data acquisition IED that is located at circuit breaker and captures detailed information about its operation in real-time. The CB files are transferred to the concentrator PC where the application software performs automated analysis and makes an assessment about the operational status of the breaker. The software is based on signal processing and expert system processing. Application example using actual field data is discussed. The paper ends with some conclusions, acknowledgments and a list of references.
M. Kezunovic; G. Latisko; N. Ved
Sampling apparatus for real-time alkali monitor
This report describes a sampling apparatus which provides representatives samples of high-temperature, high-pressure coal- derived process gases for analysis of alkali concentrations in either a gaseous phase or in a particulate-bearing gaseous phase by a real-time alkali monitor. The apparatus includes a sampling probe in the form of a ceramic tube that is inserted in the stream of combustion products for gathering a representative stream of gaseous products. Critical flow orifices are connected in series between the probe and an alkali monitor burner. A valved vent line connected in-line between the critical flow orifices is used to vent a significant percentage of the flow from the first critical flow orifice device to maintain the upstream pressure required to provide the desired flow rate through the second critical orifice to the alkali monitor burner. The gaseous products in the system between the probe and the burner is heated to inhibit condensation of alkali species. 2 figs.
French, W.E.; Logan, R.G.; Pineault, R.L.
Real-time monitoring of the TVA power system
This article describes how the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is experimenting with one of the many concepts for the uses of phasor measurements, that of utilizing phasor measurement units (PMUs) as a state estimation system. However, the term state estimation no longer applies; what is being performed is a state determination in near real-time. The PMU is a transducer that can measure voltage and current with very high accuracy. It has the ability to calculate watts, vars, frequency, and phase angle twelve times per power line cycle. The PMU can be placed in the power system so as to provide time-stamped voltage and current phasors that can be used as state variables. Input from other PMUs throughout the power system can be synchronized to within 1 microsecond via the Global Positioning System (GPS). These real-time state variables provided by the PMUs allow state estimation to be replaced by state determination. The PMUs monitoring the power system can also provide the necessary data to accurately depict events and disturbances. The PMU can be set to be triggered by an event or disturbance. A user-defined table of data, including pretrigger data, which is the sampled data for a specified interval, is stored in the PMU. The data from a single PMU can be retrieved and analyzed by popular data analysis packages to show the performance of control and protection equipment. The tables retrieved from a network of PMUs can be used to determine the system response to these events and disturbances.
Cease, T.W.; Feldhaus, B. (Univ. of Tennessee, Chattanooga, TN (United States))
The design and implementation of real-time environment monitoring systems based on wireless sensor networks
This research focuses on the implementation of a real-time environment monitoring system for environment detection using wireless sensor networks. The purpose of our research is to construct the system on the real-time environment with the technology ...
Kyung-Hoon Jung; Seok-Cheol Lee; Hyun-Suk Hwang; Chang-Soo Kim
Non-markovian analysis for model driven engineering of real-time software
Quantitative evaluation of models with stochastic timings can decisively support schedulability analysis and performance engineering of real-time concurrent systems. These tasks require modeling formalisms and solution techniques that can encompass stochastic ... Keywords: model driven development, non-markovian stochastic analysis, real-time systems, software performance engineering
Laura Carnevali; Marco Paolieri; Alessandro Santoni; Enrico Vicario
Software support tools for high-speed real-time simulations
Frame times as low as 1-2 microseconds are needed for high-speed real-time (HSRT) simulations of power-electronic systems. To achieve such short frame times it is necessary to use special processing platforms and both digital signal processors (DSPs) ... Keywords: electric circuits, real-time simulation, simulation software
J. J. Zenor; R. E. Crosbie; R. Bednar; D. Word; N. G. Hingorani
Real Time Quantitative Radiological Monitoring Equipment for Environmental Assessment
The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed a suite of systems that rapidly scan, analyze, and characterize radiological contamination in soil. These systems have been successfully deployed at several Department of Energy (DOE) laboratories and Cold War Legacy closure sites. Traditionally, these systems have been used during the characterization and remediation of radiologically contaminated soils and surfaces; however, subsequent to the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the applications of these systems have expanded to include homeland security operations for first response, continuing assessment and verification of cleanup activities in the event of the detonation of a radiological dispersal device. The core system components are a detector, a spectral analyzer, and a global positioning system (GPS). The system is computer controlled by menu-driven, user-friendly custom software designed for a technician-level operator. A wide variety of detectors have been used including several configurations of sodium iodide (NaI) and high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors, and a large area proportional counter designed for the detection of x-rays from actinides such as Am-241 and Pu-238. Systems have been deployed from several platforms including a small all-terrain vehicle (ATV), hand-pushed carts, a backpack mounted unit, and an excavator mounted unit used where personnel safety considerations are paramount. The INL has advanced this concept, and expanded the system functionality to create an integrated, field-deployed analytical system through the use of tailored analysis and operations software. Customized, site specific software is assembled from a supporting toolbox of algorithms that streamline the data acquisition, analysis and reporting process. These algorithms include region specific spectral stripping, automated energy calibration, background subtraction, activity calculations based on measured detector efficiencies, and on-line data quality checks and measures. These analyses are combined to provide real-time areal activity and coverage maps that are displayed to the operator as the survey progresses. The flexible functionality of the INL systems are well suited to multiple roles supporting homeland security needs.
John R. Giles; Lyle G. Roybal; Michael V. Carpenter
Experimental measurements and design guidelines for real-time software encryption in multimedia wireless LANs
To secure interactive multimedia applications in wireless LANs (WLANs), it is pertinent to implement real time cryptographic services. In this paper we evaluate the use of software based encryption algorithms that are implemented in the ...
Aura Ganz; Se Hyun Park; Zvi Ganz
Available Technologies: Real-Time Monitoring of Plant ...
... which act as common building blocks of plant ... the gases emitted by the living plant tissue are analyzed in real-time for emissions of 13C in both organic ...
Analysis of real-time reservoir monitoring : reservoirs, strategies, & modeling.
The project objective was to detail better ways to assess and exploit intelligent oil and gas field information through improved modeling, sensor technology, and process control to increase ultimate recovery of domestic hydrocarbons. To meet this objective we investigated the use of permanent downhole sensors systems (Smart Wells) whose data is fed real-time into computational reservoir models that are integrated with optimized production control systems. The project utilized a three-pronged approach (1) a value of information analysis to address the economic advantages, (2) reservoir simulation modeling and control optimization to prove the capability, and (3) evaluation of new generation sensor packaging to survive the borehole environment for long periods of time. The Value of Information (VOI) decision tree method was developed and used to assess the economic advantage of using the proposed technology; the VOI demonstrated the increased subsurface resolution through additional sensor data. Our findings show that the VOI studies are a practical means of ascertaining the value associated with a technology, in this case application of sensors to production. The procedure acknowledges the uncertainty in predictions but nevertheless assigns monetary value to the predictions. The best aspect of the procedure is that it builds consensus within interdisciplinary teams The reservoir simulation and modeling aspect of the project was developed to show the capability of exploiting sensor information both for reservoir characterization and to optimize control of the production system. Our findings indicate history matching is improved as more information is added to the objective function, clearly indicating that sensor information can help in reducing the uncertainty associated with reservoir characterization. Additional findings and approaches used are described in detail within the report. The next generation sensors aspect of the project evaluated sensors and packaging survivability issues. Our findings indicate that packaging represents the most significant technical challenge associated with application of sensors in the downhole environment for long periods (5+ years) of time. These issues are described in detail within the report. The impact of successful reservoir monitoring programs and coincident improved reservoir management is measured by the production of additional oil and gas volumes from existing reservoirs, revitalization of nearly depleted reservoirs, possible re-establishment of already abandoned reservoirs, and improved economics for all cases. Smart Well monitoring provides the means to understand how a reservoir process is developing and to provide active reservoir management. At the same time it also provides data for developing high-fidelity simulation models. This work has been a joint effort with Sandia National Laboratories and UT-Austin's Bureau of Economic Geology, Department of Petroleum and Geosystems Engineering, and the Institute of Computational and Engineering Mathematics.
Mani, Seethambal S.; van Bloemen Waanders, Bart Gustaaf; Cooper, Scott Patrick; Jakaboski, Blake Elaine; Normann, Randy Allen; Jennings, Jim (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Gilbert, Bob (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Lake, Larry W. (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Weiss, Chester Joseph; Lorenz, John Clay; Elbring, Gregory Jay; Wheeler, Mary Fanett (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Thomas, Sunil G. (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Rightley, Michael J.; Rodriguez, Adolfo (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Klie, Hector (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Banchs, Rafael (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Nunez, Emilio J. (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX); Jablonowski, Chris (University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX)
Ongoing Phase 2 work comprises the development and field-testing of a real-time reservoir stimulation diagnostic system. Phase 3 work commenced in June 2001, and involved conducting research, development and field-testing of real-time enhanced dual-fluid stimulation processes. Experimental field-testing to date includes three well tests. Application of these real-time stimulation processes and diagnostic technologies has been technically successful with commercial production from the ''marginal'' reservoirs in the first two well tests. The third well test proved downhole-mixing is an efficient process for acid stimulation of a carbonate reservoir that produced oil and gas with 2200 psi bottomhole reservoir pressure, however, subsequent shut-in pressure testing indicated the reservoir was characterized by low-permeability. Realtimezone continues to seek patent protection in foreign markets to the benefit of both RTZ and NETL. Realtimezone and the NETL have licensed the United States patented to Halliburton Energy Services (HES). Ongoing Phase 2 and Phase 3 field-testing continues to confirm applications of both real-time technologies, from well testing conducted over the last 12-month work period and including well test scheduled for year-end of 2002. Technical data transfer to industry is ongoing via Internet tech-transfer, public presentations and industry publications. Final Phase 3 test work will be focused on further field-testing the innovational process of blending stimulation fluids downhole. This system provides a number of advantages in comparison to older industry fracturing techniques and allows the operator to control reservoir fracture propagation and concentrations of proppant placed in the reservoir, in real-time. Another observed advantage is that lower friction pressures result, which results in lower pump treating pressures and safer reservoir hydraulic fracturing jobs.
George Scott III
Real-Time In-Situ Water (& Air) Field Monitor
2 Managed by UT-Battelle Presentation_namefor the U.S. Department of Energy The Problem: Environmental impact of VOCs and high cost of monitoring
. Remote system installed to monitor subsidence along a highway over an active coal mine. #12;Figure 5 abandoned coal mine. In spite of periodic visual monitoring, a 5 m diameter hole, 3 m deep suddenly opened experiencing active subsidence over an abandoned coal mine (O'Connor and Murphy, 1997). #12;At this site
Real-Time Monitoring and Prediction of Modes of Coherent Synoptic to Intraseasonal Tropical Variability
A technique of near-real-time monitoring and prediction of various modes of coherent synoptic to intraseasonal zonally propagating tropical variability is developed. It involves Fourier filtering of a daily updated global dataset for the specific ...
Matthew Wheeler; Klaus M. Weickmann
Steps to Establish a Real-Time Transmission Monitoring System for
Energy.gov (U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)) Indexed Site
Steps to Establish a Real-Time Transmission Monitoring System for Steps to Establish a Real-Time Transmission Monitoring System for Transmission Owners and Operators within the Eastern and Western Interconnections Steps to Establish a Real-Time Transmission Monitoring System for Transmission Owners and Operators within the Eastern and Western Interconnections Steps to establish a real-time transmission monitoring system for transmission owners and operators within the Eastern and Western interconnections: a report to congress pursuant to section 1839 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 1839 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) directs the Secretary of Energy (DOE) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (Commission) to study and report to Congress on the steps that must be taken to establish a system to make available to all transmission owners
Real-time automatic interpolation of ambient gamma dose rates from the Dutch radioactivity monitoring network
Detection of radiological accidents and monitoring the spread of the contamination is of great importance. Following the Chernobyl accident many European countries have installed monitoring networks to perform this task. Real-time availability of automatically ... Keywords: Automatic interpolation, Interoperability, Kriging, Monitoring networks, Web services
Paul H. Hiemstra; Edzer J. Pebesma; Chris J. W. Twenh�fel; Gerard B. M. Heuvelink
Real Time Flame Monitoring of Gasifier and Injectors
This project is a multistage effort with the final goal to develop a practical and reliable nonintrusive gasifier injector monitor to assess burner wear and need for replacement. The project team included the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), Gas Technology Institute (GTI), North Carolina State University, and ConocoPhillips. This report presents the results of the sensor development and testing initially at GTI combustion laboratory with natural gas flames, then at the Canada Energy Technology Center (CANMET), Canada in the atmospheric coal combustor as well as in the pilot scale pressurized entrained flow gasifier, and finally the sensor capabilities were demonstrated at the Pratt and Whitney Rocketdyne (PWR) Gasifier and the Wabash River Repowering plant located in West Terre Haute, IN. The initial tests demonstrated that GTI gasifier sensor technology was capable of detecting shape and rich/lean properties of natural gas air/oxygen enriched air flames. The following testing at the Vertical Combustor Research Facility (VCRF) was a logical transition step from the atmospheric natural gas flames to pressurized coal gasification environment. The results of testing with atmospheric coal flames showed that light emitted by excited OH* and CH* radicals in coal/air flames can be detected and quantified. The maximum emission intensities of OH*, CH*, and black body (char combustion) occur at different axial positions along the flame length. Therefore, the excitation rates of CH* and OH* are distinct at different stages of coal combustion and can be utilized to identify and characterize processes which occur during coal combustion such as devolatilization, char heating and burning. To accomplish the goals set for Tasks 4 and 5, GTI utilized the CANMET Pressurized Entrained Flow Gasifier (PEFG). The testing parameters of the PEFG were selected to simulate optimum gasifier operation as well as gasifier conditions normally resulting from improper operation or failed gasifier injectors. The sensor developed under previous tasks was used to assess the spectroscopic characteristics of the gasifier flame. The obtained spectral data were successfully translated into flame temperature measurements. It was also demonstrated that the reduced spectral data could be very well correlated with very important gasification process parameters such as the air/fuel and water/fuel ratio. Any of these parameters (temperature, air/fuel, and water/fuel) is sufficient to assess burner wear; however, the tested sensor was capable of monitoring all three of them plus the flame shape as functions of burner wear. This will likely be a very powerful tool which should enable significant improvements in gasifier efficiency, reliability, and availability. The sensor technology was presented to the project�??s industrial partner (ConocoPhillips). The partner expressed its strong interest in continuing to participate in the field validation phase of GTI's Flame Monitor Project. Finally the sensor was tested in the PWR (Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne) gasification plant located at GTI�??s research campus and at the ConocoPhillips industrial scale gasifier at Wabash River Indiana. The field trials of the GTI Gasifier sensor modified to withstand high temperature and pressure corrosive atmosphere of the industrial entrain flow gasifier. The project team successfully demonstrated the Gasifier Sensor system ability to monitor gasifier interior temperature maintaining unobstructed optical access for in excess of six week without any maintenance. The sensor examination upon completion of the trial revealed that the system did not sustain any damage and required minor cleanup of the optics.
Zelepouga, Serguei; Saveliev, Alexei
Sensing Requirements for Real-Time Monitoring and Control in Energy Production
of coal (syngas), requires physical and chemical sensors for exhaust gas monitoring as well as real-time control of the combustion process. Following a description of syngas production from coal, we outline species at 630 °C. Our SiC sensor can monitor the hydrogen concentration in a 350 °C simulated syngas
Ghosh, Ruby N.
Integrated system for control and monitoring in real time of efficient electrical and thermal energy production
The integrated monitoring and driving system is made of main distributed components: - first level:_one or two computers placed in the control room which monitors the thermal and electrical processes based on the datas provided by the second level via ... Keywords: cogenerative gas power plant, control of distributed parameter systems, distribution management system, electric power systems, optimization, process control, real time systems, simulation
Ion Miciu; Florin Hartescu
DOE REAL-TIME SEISMIC MONITORING AT ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM SITES | Open
Open Energy Info (EERE)
REAL-TIME SEISMIC MONITORING AT ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM SITES REAL-TIME SEISMIC MONITORING AT ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM SITES Jump to: navigation, search GEOTHERMAL ENERGYGeothermal Home Conference Proceedings: DOE REAL-TIME SEISMIC MONITORING AT ENHANCED GEOTHERMAL SYSTEM SITES Details Activities (6) Areas (6) Regions (0) Abstract: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) at the direction of the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Geothermal Technologies EGS Program is installing, operating, and/or interfacing seismic arrays at multiple Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) sites. The overall goal is to gather high resolution seismicity data before, during and after stimulation activities at the EGS projects. This will include both surface and borehole deployments (as necessary in available boreholes) to provide high quality
Performance Evaluation of Real Time Formaldehyde Monitors: PTR-MS and
Performance Evaluation of Real Time Formaldehyde Monitors: PTR-MS and Performance Evaluation of Real Time Formaldehyde Monitors: PTR-MS and Interscan 4160-500B Portable Monitor Title Performance Evaluation of Real Time Formaldehyde Monitors: PTR-MS and Interscan 4160-500B Portable Monitor Publication Type Report LBNL Report Number LBNL-6357E Year of Publication 2013 Authors Sidheswaran, Meera A., Sebastian Cohn, Douglas P. Sullivan, and Lara A. Gundel Publisher Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory City Berkeley Abstract Executive Summary Exposure to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in buildings is a health hazard. Of particular concern is formaldehyde, a ubiquitous carcinogen emitted from furnishings and adhesives in homes and offices. Practitioners and researchers in the area of building performance are very interested in measuring formaldehyde in homes, and they need instrumentation that responds immediately. Current formaldehyde monitoring techniques are hampered by interfering substances in the sample airstream, compromising measurement accuracy and leading to drift. Many experts are now using a tabletop real-time formaldehyde instrument, the Interscan 4160-2, that LBNL researchers have found to be very sensitive to water vapor and low levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Unless ways are found to remove these interferences, relying on the Interscan's readings in buildings will lead to the wrong conclusions about formaldehyde levels and could trigger subsequent unnecessary expense and/or inappropriate responses.
New and Emerging Technologies for Real-Time Air and Surface Beryllium Monitoring
In this study, five emerging technologies were identified for real-time monitoring of airborne beryllium: Microwave-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (MIPS), Aerosol Beam-Focused Laser-Induced Plasma Spectroscopy (ABFLIPS), Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), Surfaced-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Spectroscopy, and Micro-Calorimetric Spectroscopy (CalSpec). Desired features of real-time air beryllium monitoring instrumentation were developed from the Y-12 CBDPP. These features were used as guidelines for the identification of potential technologies as well as their unique demonstrated capability to provide real-time monitoring of similar materials. However, best available technologies were considered, regardless of their ability to comply with the desired features. None of the five technologies have the capability to measure the particle size of airborne beryllium. Although reducing the total concentration of airborne beryllium is important, current literature suggests that reducing or eliminating the concentration of respirable beryllium is critical for worker health protection. Eight emerging technologies were identified for surface monitoring of beryllium. CalSpec, MIPS, SERS, LIBS, Laser Ablation, Absorptive Stripping Voltametry (ASV), Modified Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectroscopy, and Gamma BeAST. Desired features of real-time surface beryllium monitoring were developed from the Y-12 CBDPP. These features were used as guidelines for the identification of potential technologies. However, the best available technologies were considered regardless of their ability to comply with the desired features.
Phifer, B.E. Jr.; Churnetski, E.L.; Cooke, L.E.; Reed, J.J.; Howell, M.L.; Smith, V.D.
Monitoring of Power System Topology in Real-Time Mladen Kezunovic
components such as generators, power transformers, transmission lines, loads, etc. The knowledge about components such as generators, power transformers, busbars, transmission lines and loads. The interconnectedMonitoring of Power System Topology in Real-Time Mladen Kezunovic Texas A&M University Email
Environmental radiation real-time monitoring system permanently installed near Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant
An environmental radiation real-time monitoring system with high pressure ionization chamber was developed. It has been installed permanently in the vicinity of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plant, the first built in mainland China. The system consists of four basic components: environmental radiation monitors; data communication network; a data processing center; and a remote terminal computer situated in Hangzhou. It has provided five million readings of environmental radiation levels as of January 1993. 8 refs., 1 fig., 3 tabs.
Minde Ding; Peiru Sheng; Zhangji Zhi [Suzhou Nuclear Research Institute, Jiangsu (China)
Runtime Monitoring of Timing Constraints in Distributed Real-Time Systems
. Embedded real-time systems often operate under strict timing and dependability constraints. To ensure responsiveness, these systems must be able to provide the expected services in a timely manner even in the presence of faults. In this paper, we describe a run-time environment for monitoring of timing constraints in distributed real-time systems. In particular, we focus on the problem of detecting violations of timing assertions in an environment in which the real-time tasks run on multiple processors, and timing constraints can be either inter-processor or intra-processor constraints. Constraint violations are detected at the earliest possible time by deriving and checking intermediate constraints from the user-specified constraints. If the violations must be detected as early as possible, then the problem of minimizing the number of messages to be exchanged between the processors becomes intractable. We characterize a sub-class of timing constraints that occur commonly in distribu...
Farnam Jahanian; Ragunathan Rajkumar; Sitaram C. V. Raju
Radiological Monitoring Equipment For Real-Time Quantification Of Area Contamination In Soils And Facility Decommissioning
The environmental restoration industry offers several sys�tems that perform scan-type characterization of radiologically contaminated areas. The Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has developed and deployed a suite of field systems that rapidly scan, characterize, and analyse radiological contamination in surface soils. The base system consists of a detector, such as sodium iodide (NaI) spectrometers, a global positioning system (GPS), and an integrated user-friendly computer interface. This mobile concept was initially developed to provide precertifica�tion analyses of soils contaminated with uranium, thorium, and radium at the Fernald Closure Project, near Cincinnati, Ohio. INL has expanded the functionality of this basic system to create a suite of integrated field-deployable analytical systems. Using its engineering and radiation measurement expertise, aided by computer hardware and software support, INL has streamlined the data acquisition and analysis process to provide real-time information presented on wireless screens and in the form of coverage maps immediately available to field technicians. In addition, custom software offers a user-friendly interface with user-selectable alarm levels and automated data quality monitoring functions that validate the data. This system is deployed from various platforms, depending on the nature of the survey. The deployment platforms include a small all-terrain vehicle used to survey large, relatively flat areas, a hand-pushed unit for areas where manoeuvrability is important, an excavator-mounted system used to scan pits and trenches where personnel access is restricted, and backpack- mounted systems to survey rocky shoreline features and other physical settings that preclude vehicle-based deployment. Variants of the base system include sealed proportional counters for measuring actinides (i.e., plutonium-238 and americium-241) in building demolitions, soil areas, roadbeds, and process line routes at the Miamisburg Closure Project near Dayton, Ohio. In addition, INL supports decontamination operations at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
M. V. Carpenter; Jay A. Roach; John R Giles; Lyle G. Roybal
Real-Time Tool Condition Monitoring Using Wavelet Transforms and Fuzzy Techniques
In this paper, wavelet transforms and fuzzy techniques are used to monitor tool breakage and wear conditions in real time according to the measured spindle and feed motor currents, respectively. First, the continuous and discrete wavelet transforms are used to decompose the spindle and feed ac servo motor current signals to extract signal features so as to detect the breakage of drills successfully. Next, the models of the relationships between the current signals and the cutting parameters are established under different tool wear states. Subsequently, fuzzy classification methods are used to detect tool wear states based on the above models. Finally, the two methods above are integrated to establish an intelligent tool condition monitoring system for drilling operations. The monitoring system can detect tool breakage and tool wear conditions using very simple current sensors. Experimental results show that the proposed system can reliably detect tool conditions in drilling operations in real time and is viable for industrial applications.
Xiaoli Li; Shiu Kit Tso; Jun Wang; Senior Member; Senior Member
Potentiometric Sensor for Real-Time Monitoring of Multivalent Ion Concentrations in Molten Salt
Electrorefining of spent metallic nuclear fuel in high temperature molten salt systems is a core technology in pyroprocessing, which in turn plays a critical role in the development of advanced fuel cycle technologies. In electrorefining, spent nuclear fuel is treated electrochemically in order to effect separations between uranium, noble metals, and active metals, which include the transuranics. The accumulation of active metals in a lithium chloride-potassium chloride (LiCl-KCl) eutectic molten salt electrolyte occurs at the expense of the UCl3-oxidant concentration in the electrolyte, which must be periodically replenished. Our interests lie with the accumulation of active metals in the molten salt electrolyte. The real-time monitoring of actinide concentrations in the molten salt electrolyte is highly desirable for controlling electrochemical operations and assuring materials control and accountancy. However, real-time monitoring is not possible with current methods for sampling and chemical analysis. A new solid-state electrochemical sensor is being developed for real-time monitoring of actinide ion concentrations in a molten salt electrorefiner. The ultimate function of the sensor is to monitor plutonium concentrations during electrorefining operations, but in this work gadolinium was employed as a surrogate material for plutonium. In a parametric study, polycrystalline sodium beta double-prime alumina (Na-�?-alumina) discs and tubes were subject to vapor-phase exchange with gadolinium ions (Gd3+) using a gadolinium chloride salt (GdCl3) as a precursor to produce gadolinium beta double-prime alumina (Gd-�?-alumina) samples. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and microstructural analysis were performed on the ion-exchanged discs to determine the relationship between ion exchange and Gd3+ ion conductivity. The ion-exchanged tubes were configured as potentiometric sensors in order to monitor real-time Gd3+ ion concentrations in mixtures of gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) in LiCl-KCl eutectic molten salts through measurement of the potential difference between a reference and working electrode.
Peter A. Zink; Jan-Fong Jue; Brenda E. Serrano; Guy L. Fredrickson; Ben F. Cowan; Steven D. Herrmann; Shelly X. Li
Real-time control and monitoring system for LIPI's Public Cluster
We have developed a monitoring and control system for LIPI's Public Cluster. The system consists of microcontrollers and full web-based user interfaces for daily operation. It is argued that, due to its special natures, the cluster requires fully dedicated and self developed control and monitoring system. We discuss the implementation of using parallel port and dedicated micro-controller for this purpose. We also show that integrating such systems enables an autonomous control system based on the real time monitoring, for instance an autonomous power supply control based on the actual temperature, etc.
Firmansyah, I; Hadiyanto,; Handoko, L T
Real-time Combustion Control and Diagnostics Sensor-Pressure Oscillation Monitor
Combustion Control and Diagnostics Combustion Control and Diagnostics Sensor-Pressure Oscillation Monitor Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is seeking licensing partners interested in implementing its patented "Real-Time Combustion Control and Diagnostics Sensor-Pressure Oscillation Monitor" technology. Disclosed is NETL's sensor system and process for monitoring and controlling the amplitude and/or frequencies of dynamic pressure oscillations in combustion systems during active combustion processes. The combustion control and diagnostics sensor (CCADS) is designed for gas turbine combustors that are operated near the fuel-lean flame extinction limit to minimize production of the atmospheric pollutant NOx. CCADS eliminates the problems of flashback,
Broadband spectroscopic sensor for real-time monitoring of industrial SO{sub 2} emissions
A spectroscopic system for continuous real-time monitoring of SO{sub 2}, concentrations in industrial emissions was developed. The sensor is well suited for field applications due to simple and compact instrumental design, and robust data evaluation based on ultraviolet broadband absorption without the use of any calibration cell. The sensor has a detection limit of 1 ppm, and was employed both for gas-flow simulations with and without suspended particles, and for in situ measurement of SO{sub 2} concentrations in the flue gas emitted from an industrial coal-fired boiler. The price/performance ratio of the instrument is expected to be superior to other comparable real-time monitoring systems.
Xu, F.; Zhang, Y.G.; Somesfalean, G.; Wang, H.S.; Wu, S.H.; Zhang, Z.G. [Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin (China). Dept, of Physics
Method and apparatus for real time imaging and monitoring of radiotherapy beams
A method and apparatus for real time imaging and monitoring of radiation therapy beams is designed to preferentially distinguish and image low energy radiation from high energy secondary radiation emitted from a target as the result of therapeutic beam deposition. A detector having low sensitivity to high energy photons combined with a collimator designed to dynamically image in the region of the therapeutic beam target is used.
Majewski, Stanislaw (Yorktown, VA); Proffitt, James (Newport News, VA); Macey, Daniel J. (Birmingham, AL); Weisenberger, Andrew G. (Yorktown, VA)
Technologies for Real-Time Monitoring and Surveillance of High-Valued Assets
The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been working on technologies that can provide real-time monitoring and surveillance of high-valued assets. It is hoped through effective system design that some of these technologies can be utilized as the technical equivalent for the "two person rule" (required for many domestic safeguards operations). The major efforts associated with this work to date involve the integration and adaptation of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) radio frequency-based technologies into basic system elements that can be effectively layered into integrated unobtrusive monitoring systems that are specifically designed to detect unauthorized asset movements. Each system element is designed to provide real-time monitoring and surveillance of both protected assets and the people who have access to them. The goal is to accomplish up-to-the-minute status of monitored assets using site-specific, rules-based algorithms. The overall system concepts focus on early detection (of theft or diversion) at the asset, followed by appropriate alarms or notifications that can be used to initiate appropriate response(s).
Pickett, Chris A [ORNL; Richardson, Dave [ORNL; Stinson, Brad J [ORNL; Younkin, James R [ORNL
Finalized Phase 2-3 project work has field-proven two separate real-time reservoir processes that were co-developed via funding by the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Both technologies are presently patented in the United States and select foreign markets; a downhole-commingled reservoir stimulation procedure and a real-time tracer-logged fracturing diagnostic system. Phase 2 and early Phase 3 project work included the research, development and well testing of a U.S. patented gamma tracer fracturing diagnostic system. This stimulation logging process was successfully field-demonstrated; real-time tracer measurement of fracture height while fracturing was accomplished and proven technically possible. However, after the initial well tests, there were several licensing issues that developed between service providers that restricted and minimized Realtimezone's (RTZ) ability to field-test the real-time gamma diagnostic system as was originally outlined for this project. Said restrictions were encountered after when one major provider agreed to license their gamma logging tools to another. Both of these companies previously promised contributory support toward Realtimezone's DE-FC26-99FT40129 project work, however, actual support was less than desired when newly-licensed wireline gamma logging tools from one company were converted by the other from electric wireline into slickline, batter-powered ''memory'' tools for post-stimulation logging purposes. Unfortunately, the converted post-fracture measurement memory tools have no applications in experimentally monitoring real-time movement of tracers in the reservoir concurrent with the fracturing treatment. RTZ subsequently worked with other tracer gamma-logging tool companies for basic gamma logging services, but with lessened results due to lack of multiple-isotope detection capability. In addition to real-time logging system development and well testing, final Phase 2 and Phase 3 project work included the development of a real-time reservoir stimulation procedure, which was successfully field-demonstrated and is presently patented in the U.S. and select foreign countries, including Venezuela, Brazil and Canada. Said patents are co-owned by RTZ and the National Energy Technology Lab (NETL). In 2002, Realtimezone and the NETL licensed said patents to Halliburton Energy Services (HES). Additional licensing agreements (LA) are anticipated with other service industry companies in 2005. Final Phase 3 work has led to commercial applications of the real-time reservoir stimulation procedure. Four successfully downhole-mixed well tests were conducted with commercially expected production results. The most recent, fourth field test was a downhole-mixed stimulated well completed in June, 2004, which currently produces 11 BOPD with 90 barrels of water per day. Conducted Phase 2 and Phase 3 field-test work to date has resulted in the fine-tuning of a real-time enhanced stimulation system that will significantly increase future petroleum well recoveries in the United States and foreign petroleum fields, both onshore and offshore, and in vertical and horizontal wells.
George L. Scott III
Real Time Runoff Forecasts for Two Hydroelectric Stations Based on Satellite Snow Cover Monitoring
Seasonal and short-term runoff forecasts for two hydroelectric stations in the upper Rhine basin are carried out in real time based on snow cover monitoring by Landsat and SPOT satellites. Evaluation of snow reserves on 1 April 1993 from satellite data reveals uncertainties in estimates using point measurements on the ground as index. Runoff is computed by the SRM model with snow covered areas as well as temperature and precipitation forecasts as input variables. A SRM menu system has been installed for operational data acquisition and management. The runoff forecasts can be exploited, among other purposes, for optimizing the hydropower production and for timely decisions on the electricity market.
Klaus Seidel; Walter Br�sch; Charlotte Steinmeier; Jaroslav Martinec; J�rg Wiedemeier; Klaus Seidel Walter Br Usch; J Urg Wiedemeier
In-Situ Real Time Monitoring and Control of Mold Making and Filling Processes: Final Report
This project presents a model for addressing several objectives envisioned by the metal casting industries through the integration of research and educational components. It provides an innovative approach to introduce technologies for real time characterization of sand molds, lost foam patterns and monitoring of the mold filling process. The technology developed will enable better control over the casting process. It is expected to reduce scrap and variance in the casting quality. A strong educational component is integrated into the research plan to utilize increased awareness of the industry professional, the potential benefits of the developed technology, and the potential benefits of cross cutting technologies.
Mohamed Abdelrahman; Kenneth Currie
NETL: News Release - DOE-Online Monitor Snaps Real-Time Photos for
June 6, 2005 June 6, 2005 DOE-Online Monitor Snaps Real-Time Photos for Real-Life Savings Turbine Technology Could Save Millions in Maintenance and Replacement Costs ORLANDO, FL - An innovative new system that continuously monitors operating blades in gas turbines has surpassed 5,000 hours of operation, confirming that the technology is ready for commercialization. Developed by Siemens Power Generation, with funding from the U.S. Department of Energy, the online monitor makes it possible for operators to replace turbine blades based on their actual condition, when the thermal barrier coating is worn or damaged. This capability optimizes the life of the blades, avoids the high cost of unscheduled replacement, and extends the time between preventative maintenance periods, increasing the availability of the plant.
Monitoring Acidophilic Microbes with Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assays
Many techniques that are used to characterize and monitor microbial populations associated with sulfide mineral bioleaching require the cultivation of the organisms on solid or liquid media. Chemolithotrophic species, such as Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans, or thermophilic chemolithotrophs, such as Acidianus brierleyi and Sulfolobus solfataricus can grow quite slowly, requiring weeks to complete efforts to identify and quantify these microbes associated with bioleach samples. Real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assays in which DNA targets are amplified in the presence of fluorescent oligonucleotide primers, allowing the monitoring and quantification of the amplification reactions as they progress, provide a means of rapidly detecting the presence of microbial species of interest, and their relative abundance in a sample. This presentation will describe the design and use of such assays to monitor acidophilic microbes in the environment and in bioleaching operations. These assays provide results within 2-3 hours, and can detect less than 100 individual microbial cells.
Frank F. Roberto
A Study of Publish/Subscribe Systems for Real-Time Grid Monitoring Chenxi Huang, Peter R. Hobson, Gareth A. Taylor
for a possible future Electrical Power Grid based on real-time extensions to Grid computing. We examine several terms monitoring, real time systems, distributed computing, grid computing, publish/subscribe system I monitoring is a distributed soft real-time monitoring system. Most of the data for monitoring should
Taylor, Gary
Urban emissions of CO2 from Davos, Switzerland: the first real-time monitoring system using an atmospheric inversion technique
Anthropogenic emissions from urban areas represent 70% of the fossil fuel carbon emitted globally according to carbon emission inventories. We present here the first operational system able to monitor in near real-time daily emission estimates, ...
Thomas Lauvaux; Natasha L. Miles; Scott J. Richardson; Aijun Deng; Dave Stauffer; Kenneth J. Davis; Gloria Jacobson; Chris Rella; Gian-Paul Calonder; Philip L. DeCola
A real-time monitoring/emergency response modeling workstation for a tritium facility
At Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) we developed a real-time system to monitor two stacks on our tritium handling facility. The monitors transmit the stack data to a workstation which computes a 3D numerical model of atmospheric dispersion. The workstation also collects surface and upper air data from meteorological towers and a sodar. The complex meteorological and terrain setting in the Livermore Valley demands more sophisticated resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere to reliably calculate plume dispersion than afforded by Gaussian models. We experience both mountain valley and sea breeze flows. To address these complexities, we have implemented the three-dimensional diagnostic MATHEW mass-adjusted wind field and ADPIC particle-in-cell dispersion models on the workstation for use in real-time emergency response modeling. Both MATHEW and ADPIC have shown their utility in a variety of complex settings over the last 15 years within the Department of Energy`s Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC[1,2]) project.
Lawver, B.S.; Sims, J.M. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States); Baskett, R.L. [EG and G Energy Measurements, Inc., Pleasanton, CA (United States)
Vision-based Real-time Monitoring on the Behavior of Fish School
This paper introduces a technique which can automatically monitor the behavior of fish school in images in real-time. Results on the activity level, distribution and social interaction within the school are generated based on the spatial information extracted from captured images. The fish behaviors we observe here are selected based on a list of responses which fish exhibit when they are in distress. As it is a very challenging task to perform manual observations on fish, this technique creates a convenient alternative for researchers who need to study the behavior of fish. Instead, monitoring can be done effortlessly as images are translated to statistical results which can be used to describe the behavior of fish in the school. On top of this, the results can also detect any change to the water quality. 1.
Boon Fong Chew; How-lung Eng; Myo Thida
Posters Objective Analysis Schemes to Monitor Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Data in Near Real-Time
7 7 Posters Objective Analysis Schemes to Monitor Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Data in Near Real-Time M. Splitt University of Oklahoma Norman, Oklahoma Recent work in this area by Charles Wade (1987) lays out the groundwork for monitoring data quality for projects with large networks of instruments such as the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program. Wade generated objectively analyzed fields of meteorological variables (temperature, pressure, humidity, and wind) and then compared the objectively analyzed value at the sensor location with the value produced by the sensor. Wade used a Barne's objective analysis scheme to produce objective data values for a given meteorological variable (q) in two- dimensional space. The objectively analyzed value should
A real time status monitor for transistor bank driver power limit resistor in boost injection kicker power supply
For years suffering of Booster Injection Kicker transistor bank driver regulator troubleshooting, a new real time monitor system has been developed. A simple and floating circuit has been designed and tested. This circuit monitor system can monitor the driver regulator power limit resistor status in real time and warn machine operator if the power limit resistor changes values. This paper will mainly introduce the power supply and the new designed monitoring system. This real time resistor monitor circuit shows a useful method to monitor some critical parts in the booster pulse power supply. After two years accelerator operation, it shows that this monitor works well. Previously, we spent a lot of time in booster machine trouble shooting. We will reinstall all 4 PCB into Euro Card Standard Chassis when the power supply system will be updated.
Mi, J.; Tan, Y.; Zhang, W.
A multiprocessor system-on-chip for real-time biomedical monitoring and analysis: architectural design space exploration
In this paper we focus on MPSoC architectures for human heart ECG real-time monitoring and analysis. This is a very relevant bio-medical application, with a huge potential market, hence it is an ideal target for an application-specific SoC implementation. ... Keywords: electrocardiogram algorithms, embedded system design, hardware space exploration, multiprocessor system-on-chip, real-time analysis
Iyad Al Khatib; Francesco Poletti; Davide Bertozzi; Luca Benini; Mohamed Bechara; Hasan Khalifeh; Axel Jantsch; Rustam Nabiev
Boosting software fault injection for dependability analysis of real-time embedded applications
The design of complex embedded systems deployed in safety-critical or mission-critical applications mandates the availability of methods to validate the system dependability across the whole design flow. In this article we introduce a fault injection ... Keywords: Embedded systems, fault injection, real-time applications
Gianpiero Cabodi; Marco Murciano; Massimo Violante
On-Line Thermal Barrier Coating Monitoring for Real-Time Failure Protection and Life Maximization
Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy's National Energy Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation proposes a four year program titled, ''On-Line Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) Monitor for Real-Time Failure Protection and Life Maximization'', to develop, build and install the first generation of an on-line TBC monitoring system for use on land -based advanced gas turbines (AGT). Federal deregulation in electric power generation has accelerated power plant owner's demand for improved reliability availability maintainability (RAM) of the land-based advanced gas turbines. As a result, firing temperatures have been increased substantially in the advanced turbine engines, and the TBCs have been developed for maximum protection and life of all critical engine components operating at these higher temperatures. Losing TBC protection can therefore accelerate the degradation of substrate components materials and eventually lead to a premature failure of critical component and costly unscheduled power outages. This program seeks to substantially improve the operating life of high cost gas turbine components using TBC; thereby, lowering the cost of maintenance leading to lower cost of electricity. Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation has teamed with Indigo Systems; a supplier of state-of-the-art infrared camera systems, and Wayne State University, a leading research organization.
Dennis H. LeMieux
Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy's National Energy Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation proposes a four year program titled, ''On-Line Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) Monitor for Real-Time Failure Protection and Life Maximization,'' to develop, build and install the first generation of an on-line TBC monitoring system for use on land-based advanced gas turbines (AGT). Federal deregulation in electric power generation has accelerated power plant owner's demand for improved reliability availability maintainability (RAM) of the land-based advanced gas turbines. As a result, firing temperatures have been increased substantially in the advanced turbine engines, and the TBCs have been developed for maximum protection and life of all critical engine components operating at these higher temperatures. Losing TBC protection can therefore accelerate the degradation of substrate components materials and eventually lead to a premature failure of critical component and costly unscheduled power outages. This program seeks to substantially improve the operating life of high cost gas turbine components using TBC; thereby, lowering the cost of maintenance leading to lower cost of electricity. Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation has teamed with Indigo Systems, a supplier of state-of-the-art infrared camera systems, and Wayne State University, a leading research organization in the field of infrared non-destructive examination (NDE), to complete the program.
Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy's National Energy Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation proposes a four year program titled, ''On-Line Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) Monitor for Real-Time Failure Protection and Life Maximization,'' to develop, build and install the first generation of an on-line TBC monitoring system for use on land-based advanced gas turbines (AGT). Federal deregulation in electric power generation has accelerated power plant owner's demand for improved reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) of the land-based advanced gas turbines. As a result, firing temperatures have been increased substantially in the advanced turbine engines, and the TBCs have been developed for maximum protection and life of all critical engine components operating at these higher temperatures. Losing TBC protection can, therefore, accelerate the degradation of substrate component materials and eventually lead to a premature failure of critical components and costly unscheduled power outages. This program seeks to substantially improve the operating life of high cost gas turbine components using TBC; thereby, lowering the cost of maintenance leading to lower cost of electricity. Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation has teamed with Indigo Systems, a supplier of state-of-the-art infrared camera systems, and Wayne State University, a leading research organization in the field of infrared non-destructive examination (NDE), to complete the program.
Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy's National Energy Laboratory, Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation proposes a four year program titled, ''On-Line Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) Monitor for Real-Time Failure Protection and Life Maximization'', to develop, build and install the first generation of an on-line TBC monitoring system for use on land-based advanced gas turbines (AGT). Federal deregulation in electric power generation has accelerated power plant owner's demand for improved reliability availability maintainability (RAM) of the land-based advanced gas turbines. As a result, firing temperatures have been increased substantially in the advanced turbine engines, and the TBCs have been developed for maximum protection and life of all critical engine components operating at these higher temperatures. Losing TBC protection can therefore accelerate the degradation of substrate components materials and eventually lead to a premature failure of critical component and costly unscheduled power outages. This program seeks to substantially improve the operating life of high cost gas turbine components using TBC; thereby, lowering the cost of maintenance leading to lower cost of electricity. Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation has teamed with Indigo Systems, a supplier of state-of-the-art infrared camera systems, and Wayne State University, a leading research organization in the field of infrared non-destructive examination (NDE), to complete the program.
Under the sponsorship of the U. S. Department of Energy's National Energy Laboratory, Siemens Power Generation, Inc proposed a four year program titled, ''On-Line Thermal Barrier Coating (TBC) Monitor for Real-Time Failure Protection and Life Maximization'', to develop, build and install the first generation of an on-line TBC monitoring system for use on land-based advanced gas turbines (AGT). Federal deregulation in electric power generation has accelerated power plant owner's demand for improved reliability availability maintainability (RAM) of the land-based advanced gas turbines. As a result, firing temperatures have been increased substantially in the advanced turbine engines, and the TBCs have been developed for maximum protection and life of all critical engine components operating at these higher temperatures. Losing TBC protection can therefore accelerate the degradation of substrate components materials and eventually lead to a premature failure of critical component and costly unscheduled power outages. This program seeks to substantially improve the operating life of high cost gas turbine components using TBC; thereby, lowering the cost of maintenance leading to lower cost of electricity. Siemens Power Generation, Inc. has teamed with Indigo Systems, a supplier of state-of-the-art infrared camera systems, and Wayne State University, a leading research organization in the field of infrared non-destructive examination (NDE), to complete the program.
STEPS TO ESTABLISH A REAL-TIME TRANSMISSION MONITORING STEPS TO ESTABLISH A REAL-TIME TRANSMISSION MONITORING SYSTEM FOR TRANSMISSION OWNERS AND OPERATORS WITHIN THE EASTERN AND WESTERN INTERCONNECTIONS A REPORT TO CONGRESS PURSUANT TO SECTION 1839 OF THE ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005 Prepared by United States Department of Energy & Federal Energy Regulatory Commission February 3, 2006 Report to Congress Joint Report by the Department of Energy and Federal Energy Regulatory Commission on Steps to Establish a Real-Time Transmission Monitoring System for Transmission Owners and Operators within the Eastern and Western Interconnections February 2006 Executive Summary In August 2003, an electrical outage in one state precipitated a cascading blackout across seven other states and as far north as a province in Canada, leaving more than 50 million
Surface plasmon resonance label-free monitoring of antibody antigen interactions in real time
Detection of biologically active compounds is one of the most important topics in molecular biology and biochemistry. One of the most promising detection methods is based on the application of surface plasmon resonance for label-free detection of biologically active compounds. This method allows one to monitor binding events in real time without labeling. The system can therefore be used to determine both affinity and rate constants for interactions between various types of molecules. Here, we describe the application of a surface plasmon resonance biosensor for label-free investigation of the interaction between an immobilized antigen bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antibody rabbit anti-cow albumin IgG1 (anti-BSA). The formation of a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) over a gold surface is introduced into this laboratory training protocol as an effective immobilization method, which is very promising in biosensing systems based on detection of affinity interactions. In the next step, covalent attachment via artificially formed amide bonds is applied for the immobilization of proteins on the formed SAM surface. These experiments provide suitable experience for postgraduate students to help them understand immobilization of biologically active materials via SAMs, fundamentals of surface plasmon resonance biosensor applications, and determination of non-covalent biomolecular interactions. The experiment is designed for master and/or Ph.D. students. In some particular cases, this protocol might be adoptable for bachelor students that already have completed an extended biochemistry program that included a background in immunology.
Kausaite, A. (Vilnius Univ., Lithuania); van Dijk, M. (Eco Chemie B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands); Castrop, J. (Eco Chemie B.V., Utrecht, The Netherlands); Ramanaviciene, A. (Vilnius Univ., Lithuania); Baltrus, J.P.; Acaite, J. (Vilnius Univ., Lithuania); Ramanavicius, A. (Vilnius Univ., Lithuania)
Profiling Real-Time Electricity Consumption Data for Process Monitoring and Control
Today, smart meters serve as key assets to utilities and their customers because they are capable of recording and communicating real-time energy usage data; thus, enabling better understanding of energy usage patterns. Other potential benefits of smart meters data include the ability to improve customer experience, grid reliability, outage management, and operational efficiency. Despite these tangible benefits, many utilities are inundated by data and remain uncertain about how to extract additional value from these deployed assets outside of billing operations. One way to overcome this challenge is the development of new metrics for classifying utility customers. Traditionally, utilities classified their customers based on their business nature (residential, commercial, and industrial) and/or their total annual consumption. While this classification is useful for some operational functions, it is too limited for designing effective monitoring and control strategies. In this paper, a data mining methodology is proposed for clustering and profiling smart meters data in order to form unique classes of customers exhibiting similar usage patterns. The developed clusters could help utilities in identifying opportunities for achieving some of the benefits of smart meters data.
Omitaomu, Olufemi A [ORNL
Effect of Body Mass Index on Intrafraction Prostate Displacement Monitored by Real-Time Electromagnetic Tracking
Purpose: To evaluate, using real-time monitoring of implanted radiofrequency transponders, the intrafraction prostate displacement of patients as a function of body mass index (BMI). Methods and Materials: The motions of Beacon radiofrequency transponders (Calypso Medical Technologies, Seattle, WA) implanted in the prostate glands of 66 men were monitored throughout the course of intensity modulated radiation therapy. Data were acquired at 10 Hz from setup to the end of treatment, but only the 1.7 million data points with a 'beam on' tag were used in the analysis. There were 21 obese patients, with BMI {>=}30 and 45 nonobese patients in the study. Results: Mean displacements were least in the left-right lateral direction (0.56 {+-} 0.24 mm) and approximately twice that magnitude in the superior-inferior and anterior-posterior directions. The net vector displacement was larger still, 1.95 {+-} 0.47 mm. Stratified by BMI cohort, the mean displacements per patient in the 3 Cartesian axes as well as the net vector for patients with BMI {>=}30 were slightly less (<0.2 mm) but not significantly different than the corresponding values for patients with lower BMIs. As a surrogate for the magnitude of oscillatory noise, the standard deviation for displacements in all measured planes showed no significant differences in the prostate positional variability between the lower and higher BMI groups. Histograms of prostate displacements showed a lower frequency of large displacements in obese patients, and there were no significant differences in short-term and long-term velocity distributions. Conclusions: After patients were positioned accurately using implanted radiofrequency transponders, the intrafractional displacements in the lateral, superior-inferior, and anterior-posterior directions as well as the net vector displacements were smaller, but not significantly so, for obese men than for those with lower BMI.
Butler, Wayne M., E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States); Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States); Morris, Mallory N. [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States)] [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States); Merrick, Gregory S. [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States) [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States); Wheeling Jesuit University, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States); Kurko, Brian S.; Murray, Brian C. [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States)] [Schiffler Cancer Center, Wheeling Hospital, Wheeling, West Virginia (United States)
Development of a Real-Time Interactive Storm-Monitoring Program in Phoenix, Arizona
The Arizona Thunderstorm Chase (AZTC) program, a cooperative project between the National Weather Service (NWS) in Phoenix and Arizona State University (ASU), uses trained ASU students as mobile observers with real-time communications ability to ...
Randall S. Cerveny; Steven M. Calderon; Michael W. Franjevic; Norman C. Hoffmann
Using the transverse digital damper as a real-time tune monitor for the Booster synchrotron at Fermilab
The Fermilab Booster is a fast ramping (15Hz) synchrotron which accelerates protons from 400MeV to 8GeV. During commissioning of a transverse digital damper system, it was shown that the damper could provide a measurement of the machine tune throughout the cycle by exciting just 1 of the 84 bunches with minimal impact on the machine operation. The algorithms used to make the measurement have been incorporated into the damper FPGA firmware allowing for real-time tune monitoring of all Booster cycles. A new Booster tune monitor was implemented in the digital damper which has minimal impact on the Booster operation. The tune measures the tunes in two planes over the energy ramping cycle with an accuracy of 0.01 in real time.
Eddy, N.; Lysenko, O.; /FERMILAB
Program on Technology Innovation: Laser Absorption Sensors for in situ Real-time Monitoring of Syngas Flows
Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) sensors have a long history for real-time, non-intrusive in situ monitoring of combustion systems with sensitive species-specific detection capability, and Stanford University has been a leader in sensor development for practical combustion systems. Most previous sensing has been limited to gas streams near atmospheric pressure that are free of significant opacity from particulate loading. Recently, with the assistance of Electric Power ...
Ongoing Phase 2-3 work comprises the final development and field-testing of two complementary real-time reservoir technologies; a stimulation process and a tracer fracturing diagnostic system. Initial DE-FC26-99FT40129 project work included research, development, and testing of the patented gamma tracer fracturing diagnostic system. This process was field-proven to be technically useful in providing tracer measurement of fracture height while fracturing; however, technical licensing restrictions blocked Realtimezone from fully field-testing this real-time gamma diagnostic system, as originally planned. Said restrictions were encountered during Phase 2 field test work as result of licensing limitations and potential conflicts between service companies participating in project work, as related to their gamma tracer logging tool technology. Phase 3 work principally demonstrated field-testing of Realtimezone (RTZ) and NETL's Downhole-mixed Reservoir Stimulation process. Early on, the simplicity of and success of downhole-mixing was evident from well tests, which were made commercially productive. A downhole-mixed acid stimulation process was tested successfully and is currently commercially used in Canada. The fourth well test was aborted due to well bore conditions, and an alternate test project is scheduled April, 2004. Realtimezone continues to effectuate ongoing patent protection in the United States and foreign markets. In 2002, Realtimezone and the NETL licensed their United States patent to Halliburton Energy Services (HES). Additional licensing arrangements with other industry companies are anticipated in 2004-2005. Ongoing Phase 2 and Phase 3 field-testing continues to confirm applications of both real-time technologies. Technical data transfer to industry is ongoing via Internet tech-transfer and various industry presentations and publications including Society of Petroleum Engineers. These real-time enhanced stimulation procedures should significantly increase future petroleum well recoveries in the United States, onshore and offshore, and in vertical and horizontal wells.
Tracking Accuracy of a Real-Time Fiducial Tracking System for Patient Positioning and Monitoring in Radiation Therapy
Purpose: In radiation therapy there is a need to accurately know the location of the target in real time. A novel radioactive tracking technology has been developed to answer this need. The technology consists of a radioactive implanted fiducial marker designed to minimize migration and a linac mounted tracking device. This study measured the static and dynamic accuracy of the new tracking technology in a clinical radiation therapy environment. Methods and Materials: The tracking device was installed on the linac gantry. The radioactive marker was located in a tissue equivalent phantom. Marker location was measured simultaneously by the radioactive tracking system and by a Microscribe G2 coordinate measuring machine (certified spatial accuracy of 0.38 mm). Localization consistency throughout a volume and absolute accuracy in the Fixed coordinate system were measured at multiple gantry angles over volumes of at least 10 cm in diameter centered at isocenter. Dynamic accuracy was measured with the marker located inside a breathing phantom. Results: The mean consistency for the static source was 0.58 mm throughout the tested region at all measured gantry angles. The mean absolute position error in the Fixed coordinate system for all gantry angles was 0.97 mm. The mean real-time tracking error for the dynamic source within the breathing phantom was less than 1 mm. Conclusions: This novel radioactive tracking technology has the potential to be useful in accurate target localization and real-time monitoring for radiation therapy.
Shchory, Tal [Navotek Medical, Ltd., Yokneam (Israel); Schifter, Dan; Lichtman, Rinat [Tel Aviv Medical Center (Israel); Neustadter, David, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Navotek Medical, Ltd., Yokneam (Israel); Corn, Benjamin W. [Tel Aviv Medical Center (Israel)
Shoreline monitoring program on the Upper Texas Coast utilizing a Real-Time Kinematic Differential Global Positioning System
Due to shoreline erosion, approximately seventeen miles of Texas State Highway 87, located in Jefferson County Texas, have been repeatedly destroyed by storms and rebuilt. This thesis describes a shoreline monitoring program developed to obtain a comprehensive data set that will be used to define the coastal erosion problem and assist in the reconstruction of the roadway. An improved survey system similar to a concept developed by Beach et al. (1996) was designed and constructed for this project. This thesis discusses the improved survey system design and testing. The nearshore system utilizes a Real-Time Kinematic Differential Global Positioning System (RTK-DGPS) mounted on a personal watercraft and integrated with a survey quality echo sounder. The nearshore system was tested by repeating transects in the nearshore. The repeatability of the profiles demonstrated a standard deviation of 6.2 cm from the mean absolute difference of 8.0 cm. The beach survey utilizes RTK-DGPS equipment carried by the surveyor in a backpack. The maximum expected error for the beach survey is approximately []4 cm. The system is an accurate, mobile and efficient method to obtain beach profiles. Additional accuracy may be obtained by integrating a motion sensor and CTD profiler. The survey data are processed using commercially available software packages and programs developed for this project. The processed data is integrated and stored in a geographic information system (GIS). The data collected exemplify morphological features indicative of erosion due to overwash. This is consistent with visual observations and numerical model results provided by Howard (1999). The shoreline movement since 1996 is consistent with historical data and is related to storm events. The current research has provided a survey system capable of performing fast, accurate surveys in the nearshore and a baseline data set. The survey system is fully operational and will be instrumental in the ongoing research related to the Highway 87 reconstruction project. The baseline data set, together with sediment analyses data and water level predictions, provides the foundation from which further investigations will be conducted and will provide information that can be used for the design of the new highway.
Wamsley, Ty V
An application of the wireless sensor network technology for foehn monitoring in real time
Foehn is one of the common climate phenomena in Taiwan because of geographical factors. The foehn is associated with high temperature and low humidity, which often leads to plant death and even causes serious forest fires. The natural disaster relief ... Keywords: environmental parameter monitoring, foehn monitoring, wireless communication
Chih-Yang Tsai; Yu-Fan Chen; Hsu-Cheng Lu; Chi-Hung Lin; Jyh-Cherng Shieh; Chung-Wei Yen; Jeng-Lung Huang; Yung-Shun Lin; Ching-Lu Hsieh; Joe-Air Jiang
A Unified Framework for Monitoring Data Streams in Real Time Ahmet Bulut and Ambuj K. Singh
-energy photons) over a certain time period, which indicates the existence of a Gamma Ray Burst. If we know monitoring queries, such as finding surprising levels of a data stream, detecting bursts, and to (2- priate lengths a priori. For example, bursts of events can occur at variable temporal modalities from
California at Santa Barbara, University of
Real-Time Molecular Monitoring of Chemical Environment in ObligateAnaerobes during Oxygen Adaptive Response
DOE Green Energy (OSTI)
Determining the transient chemical properties of the intracellular environment canelucidate the paths through which a biological system adapts to changes in its environment, for example, the mechanisms which enable some obligate anaerobic bacteria to survive a sudden exposure to oxygen. Here we used high-resolution Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectromicroscopy to continuously follow cellular chemistry within living obligate anaerobes by monitoring hydrogen bonding in their cellular water. We observed a sequence of wellorchestrated molecular events that correspond to changes in cellular processes in those cells that survive, but only accumulation of radicals in those that do not. We thereby can interpret the adaptive response in terms of transient intracellular chemistry and link it to oxygen stress and survival. This ability to monitor chemical changes at the molecular level can yield important insights into a wide range of adaptive responses.
Holman, Hoi-Ying N.; Wozei, Eleanor; Lin, Zhang; Comolli, Luis R.; Ball, David. A.; Borglin, Sharon; Fields, Matthew W.; Hazen, Terry C.; Downing, Kenneth H.
Real-Time Water Quality Monitoring and Habitat Assessment in theSan Luis National Wildlife Refuge
The project report describes a two year experiment to control wetland drainage to the San Joaquin River of California from the San Luis National Wildlife Refuge using a decision support system for real-time water quality management. This system required the installation and operation of one inlet and three drainage flow and water quality monitoring stations which allowed a simple mass balance model to be developed of the seasonally managed wetlands in the study area. Remote sensing methods were developed to document long-term trends in wetland moist soil vegetation and soil salinity in response to management options such as delaying the initiation of seasonal wetland drainage. These environmental management tools provide wetland managers with some of the tools necessary to improve salinity conditions in the San Joaquin River and improve compliance with State mandated salinity objectives without inflicting long-term harm on the wild fowl habitat resource.
Quinn, Nigel W.T.; Hanlon, Jeremy S.; Burns, Josephine R.; Stromayer, Karl A.K.; Jordan, Brandon M.; Ennis, Mike J.; Woolington,Dennis W.
2012 SG Peer Review - Real-Time Distribution Feed Performance Monitoring, Advisory Control, and Health Management System - James Stoupis, ABB Inc.
Real-Time Distribution Feeder Performance Real-Time Distribution Feeder Performance Monitoring, Advisory Control, and Health Management System James Stoupis ABB Inc., US Corporate Research Center June 7, 2012 December 2008 Real-Time Distribution Feeder Performance Monitoring Objective Life-cycle Funding Summary ($K) Prior to FY 12 FY12, authorized FY13, requested Out-year(s) $200 k $1.1 M $1.3 M $400k Technical Scope To innovatively leverage advanced sensing, monitoring, and control technologies to enhance asset utilization and grid reliability Install state-of-the-art data collection, monitoring, and sensing equipment in distribution substations and on distribution feeders Develop new feeder monitoring, advisory control, and asset health applications deployed on current circuits, and future circuits with DERs
Formal specification of real-time dependable systems
The complex and critical nature of real-time, dependable systems (henceforth referred to as RTD systems) necessitates the use of analyzable specifications and specification analysis techniques supporting the assessment of behavioral, safety-critical, ... Keywords: analyzable specifications, behavioral quality, consistency check, fault-tolerant quality, formal reasoning systems, formal specification, multilevel description, nonfunctional qualities, precise specification language, real-time dependable systems, real-time systems, safety-critical quality, safety-critical software, security of data, security quality, software fault tolerance, specification analysis techniques, specification languages, system monitoring
A real time priority scheduler
The real time priority scheduler reported herein evolved from a design effort to provide software aids for handling the interrupts that occur in hybrid computation. Since these interrupts are both internal and external (i.e., generated internal and external ...
Karl Ramsay; Jon C. Strauss
Real-time NMR monitoring of intermediates and labile products of the bifunctional enzyme UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase
time time NMR monitoring of intermediates and labile products of the bifunctional enzyme UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase Paul Guyett , John Glushka, Xiaogang Gu, Maor Bar-Peled * Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, and BioEnergy Science Center 315 Riverbend Rd., University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, United States a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 11 February 2009 Received in revised form 17 March 2009 Accepted 23 March 2009 Available online 27 March 2009 Keywords: Apiose UDP-apiose UDP-xylose synthase NMR spectroscopy Stocsy a b s t r a c t The conversion of UDP-a-D-glucuronic acid to UDP-a-D-xylose and UDP-a-D-apiose by a bifunctional potato enzyme UDP-apiose/UDP-xylose synthase was studied using real-time nuclear magnetic reso- nance (NMR) spectroscopy. UDP-a-D-glucuronic acid is converted via the intermediate uridine 5 0 -b-L- threo-pentapyranosyl-4 00 -ulose
An Acoustic Telemetry System Implemented for Real-Time Monitoring of the Gulf Stream with Inverted Echo Sounders
From August 1989 until August 1990, a simple acoustic telemetry system was used for obtaining real-time data from four inverted echo sounders (IESs) deployed in the Synoptic Ocean Prediction Experiment (SYNOP) inlet array in the Gulf Stream east ...
Stephan D. Howden; D. Randolph Watts; Karen L. Tracey; H. Thomas Rossby
CAMS�OPI: A Global Satellite�Rain Gauge Merged Product for Real-Time Precipitation Monitoring Applications
A method has been developed to produce real-time rain gauge�satellite merged analyses of global monthly precipitation. A dataset of these analyses spans the period from January 1979 to the present, which is sufficiently long to allow the ...
John E. Janowiak; Pingping Xie
Real-time collaborative network monitoring and control using 3D game engines for representation and interaction
Identifying and reacting to malicious or anomalous IP traffic is a significant challenge for network operators. Automated real-time responses have been simplistic and require followup actions by technically specialised employees. We describe a system ... Keywords: enterprise networks, network control, network visualisation
Warren Harrop; Grenville Armitage
Real Time Grid Reliability Management 2005
The increased need to manage California?s electricity grid in real time is a result of the ongoing transition from a system operated by vertically-integrated utilities serving native loads to one operated by an independent system operator supporting competitive energy markets. During this transition period, the traditional approach to reliability management -- construction of new transmission lines -- has not been pursued due to unresolved issues related to the financing and recovery of transmission project costs. In the absence of investments in new transmission infrastructure, the best strategy for managing reliability is to equip system operators with better real-time information about actual operating margins so that they can better understand and manage the risk of operating closer to the edge. A companion strategy is to address known deficiencies in offline modeling tools that are needed to ground the use of improved real-time tools. This project: (1) developed and conducted first-ever demonstrations of two prototype real-time software tools for voltage security assessment and phasor monitoring; and (2) prepared a scoping study on improving load and generator response models. Additional funding through two separate subsequent work authorizations has already been provided to build upon the work initiated in this project.
Eto, Joe; Eto, Joe; Lesieutre, Bernard; Lewis, Nancy Jo; Parashar, Manu
Prototype Phasor-Based Real-Time Monitoring Software Tool - User...
12.1.1. Frequency (Response) Configuration Click on the "Frequency (Response)" button within the Configuration Utility, and the Frequency (Response) configuration GUI...
Demonstration of a real-time interferometer as a bunch-length monitor in a high-current electron beam accelerator
A real-time interferometer (RTI) has been developed to monitor the bunch length of an electron beam in an accelerator. The RTI employs spatial autocorrelation, reflective optics, and a fast response pyro-detector array to obtain a real-time autocorrelation trace of the coherent radiation from an electron beam thus providing the possibility of online bunch-length diagnostics. A complete RTI system has been commissioned at the A0 photoinjector facility to measure sub-mm bunches at 13 MeV. Bunch length variation (FWHM) between 0.8 ps ({approx}0.24 mm) and 1.5 ps ({approx}0.45 mm) has been measured and compared with a Martin-Puplett interferometer and a streak camera. The comparisons show that RTI is a viable, complementary bunch length diagnostic for sub-mm electron bunches.
Thangaraj, J.; Thurman-Keup, R.; Ruan, J.; Johnson, A. S.; Lumpkin, A.; Santucci, J.; Maxwell, T. [Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510 (United States); Andonian, G. [Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095 (United States); RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404 (United States); Murokh, A.; Ruelas, M.; Ovodenko, A. [RadiaBeam Technologies, Santa Monica, California 90404 (United States)
Demonstration of a real-time interferometer as a bunch-lenght monitor in a high-current electron beam accelerator
A real-time interferometer (RTI) has been developed to monitor the bunch length of an electron beam in an accelerator. The RTI employs spatial autocorrelation, reflective optics, and a fast response pyro-detector array to obtain a real-time autocorrelation trace of the coherent radiation from an electron beam thus providing the possibility of online bunch-length diagnostics. A complete RTI system has been commissioned at the A0 photoinjector facility to measure sub-mm bunches at 13 MeV. Bunch length variation (FWHM) between 0.8 ps (-0.24 mm) and 1.5 ps (-0.45 mm) has been measured and compared with a Martin-Puplett interferometer and a streak camera. The comparisons show that RTI is a viable, complementary bunch length diagnostic for sub-mm electron bunches.
Thangaraj, J.; Thurman-Keup, R.; Ruan, J.; Johnson, A.S.; Lumpkin, A; Santucci, J.; Maxwell, T.; /Fermilab; Andonian, G.; /UCLA /RadiaBeam Tech.; Murokh, A.; Ruelas, M.; Ovodenko, A.; /RadiaBeam Tech.
An integrated cyberinfrastructure for real-time data acquisition and decision making in smart buildings and coral reef monitoring
They provide a way to monitor the current energy usage.addition to monitoring the energy usage, companies provideenable summarizing the energy usage in quarterly or seasonal
Shin, Peter Hongsuck
Development of a Real-Time Detection Strategy for Material Accountancy and Process Monitoring During Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Using the Urex+3A Method
Reprocessing nuclear fuel is becoming more viable in the United States due to the anticipated increase in construction of nuclear power plants, the growing stockpile of existing used nuclear fuel, and a public desire to reduce the amount of this fuel. However, a new reprocessing facility in non-weapon states must be safeguarded and new reprocessing facilities in weapon states will likely have safeguards due to political and material accountancy reasons. These facilities will have state of the art controls and monitoring methods to safeguard special nuclear materials, as well as to provide real-time monitoring. The focus of this project is to enable the development of a safeguards strategy that uses well established photon measurement methods to characterize samples from the UREX+3a reprocessing method using a variety of detector types and measurement times. It was determined that the errors from quantitative measurements were too large for traditional safeguards methods; however, a safeguards strategy based on qualitative gamma ray and neutron measurements is proposed. The gamma ray detection equipment used in the safeguard strategy could also be used to improve the real-time process monitoring in a yet-to-be built facility. A facility that had real-time gamma detection equipment could improve product quality control and provide additional benefits, such as waste volume reduction. In addition to the spectral analyses, it was determined by Monte Carlo N Particle (MCNP) simulations that there is no noticeable self shielding for internal pipe diameters less than 2 inches, indicating that no self shielding correction factors are needed. Further, it was determined that HPGe N-type detectors would be suitable for a neutron radiation environment. Finally, the gamma ray spectra for the measured samples were simulated using MCNP and then the model was extended to predict the responses from an actual reprocessing scenario from UREX+3a applied to fuel that had a decay time of three years. The 3-year decayed fuel was more representative of commercially reprocessed fuel than the acquired UREX+3a samples. This research found that the safeguards approach proposed in this paper would be best suited as an addition to existing safeguard strategies. Real-time gamma ray detection for process monitoring would be beneficial to a reprocessing facility and could be done with commercially available detectors.
Goddard, Braden
Real-time hands, face and facial features detection and tracking: Application to cognitive rehabilitation tests monitoring
In this paper, a marker-free computer vision system for cognitive rehabilitation tests monitoring is presented. The system monitors and analyzes the correct and incorrect realization of a set of psicomotricity exercises in which a hand has to touch a ... Keywords: AdaBoost, CAMShift, Cognitive rehabilitation, Human body parts detection and tracking, Human-computer interaction, TSL color space
D. Gonz�lez-Ortega; F. J. D�az-Pernas; M. Mart�nez-Zarzuela; M. Ant�n-Rodr�guez; J. F. D�ez-Higuera; D. Boto-Giralda
Real-time shading
Real-time procedural shading was once seen as a distant dream. When the first version of this course was offered four years ago, real-time shading was possible, but only with one-of-a-kind hardware or by combining the effects of tens to hundreds of rendering ...
Marc Olano; Kurt Akeley; John C. Hart; Wolfgang Heidrich; Michael McCool; Jason L. Mitchell; Randi Rost
Real-time analysis of physiological data and development of alarm algorithms for patient monitoring in the Intensive Care Unit
The lack of effective data integration and knowledge representation in patient monitoring limits its utility to clinicians. Intelligent alarm algorithms that use artificial intelligence techniques have the potential to ...
Zhang, Ying, 1976-
Real-Time Target Position Estimation Using Stereoscopic Kilovoltage/Megavoltage Imaging and External Respiratory Monitoring for Dynamic Multileaf Collimator Tracking
Purpose: To develop a real-time target position estimation method using stereoscopic kilovoltage (kV)/megavoltage (MV) imaging and external respiratory monitoring, and to investigate the performance of a dynamic multileaf collimator tracking system using this method. Methods and Materials: The real-time three-dimensional internal target position estimation was established by creating a time-varying correlation model that connected the external respiratory signals with the internal target motion measured intermittently using kV/MV imaging. The method was integrated into a dynamic multileaf collimator tracking system. Tracking experiments were performed for 10 thoracic/abdominal traces. A three-dimensional motion platform carrying a gold marker and a separate one-dimensional motion platform were used to reproduce the target and external respiratory motion, respectively. The target positions were detected by kV (1 Hz) and MV (5.2 Hz) imaging, and external respiratory motion was captured by an optical system (30 Hz). The beam-target alignment error was quantified as the positional difference between the target and circular beam center on the MV images acquired during tracking. The correlation model error was quantified by comparing a model estimate and measured target positions. Results: The root-mean-square errors in the beam-target alignment that had ranged from 3.1 to 7.6 mm without tracking were reduced to <1.5 mm with tracking, except during the model building period (6 s). The root-mean-square error in the correlation model was submillimeters in all directions. Conclusion: A novel real-time target position estimation method was developed and integrated into a dynamic multileaf collimator tracking system and demonstrated an average submillimeter geometric accuracy after initializing the internal/external correlation model. The method used hardware tools available on linear accelerators and therefore shows promise for clinical implementation.
Cho, Byungchul, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States); Poulsen, Per Rugaard [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States); Department of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Oncology, Aarhus University, Aarhus (Denmark); Sawant, Amit; Ruan, Dan; Keall, Paul J. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA (United States)
Near-Real-Time Acoustic Monitoring of Beaked Whales and Other Cetaceans Using a SeagliderTM
a glider equipped with an acoustic sensor and onboard data processing capabilities to passively scan Collective, Olympia, Washington, United States of America Abstract In most areas, estimating the presence for new, cost- effective tools that allow scientists to monitor areas of interest autonomously with high
Baird, Robin W.
Magnetically insulated baffled probe for real-time monitoring of equilibrium and fluctuating values of space potentials, electron and ion temperatures, and densities
By restricting the electron-collection area of a cold Langmuir probe compared to the ion-collection area, the probe floating potential can become equal to the space potential, and thus conveniently monitored, rather than to a value shifted from the space potential by an electron-temperature-dependent offset, i.e., the case with an equal-collection-area probe. This design goal is achieved by combining an ambient magnetic field in the plasma with baffles, or shields, on the probe, resulting in species-selective magnetic insulation of the probe collection area. This permits the elimination of electron current to the probe by further adjustment of magnetic insulation which results in an ion-temperature-dependent offset when the probe is electrically floating. Subtracting the floating potential of two magnetically insulated baffled probes, each with a different degree of magnetic insulation, enables the electron or ion temperature to be measured in real time.
Demidov, V. I.; Koepke, M. E. [Department of Physics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia 26506 (United States); Raitses, Y. [Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey 08543 (United States)
Electromagnetic Real-Time Tumor Position Monitoring and Dynamic Multileaf Collimator Tracking Using a Siemens 160 MLC: Geometric and Dosimetric Accuracy of an Integrated System
Purpose: Dynamic multileaf collimator tracking represents a promising method for high-precision radiotherapy to moving tumors. In the present study, we report on the integration of electromagnetic real-time tumor position monitoring into a multileaf collimator-based tracking system. Methods and Materials: The integrated system was characterized in terms of its geometric and radiologic accuracy. The former was assessed from portal images acquired during radiation delivery to a phantom in tracking mode. The tracking errors were calculated from the positions of the tracking field and of the phantom as extracted from the portal images. Radiologic accuracy was evaluated from film dosimetry performed for conformal and intensity-modulated radiotherapy applied to different phantoms moving on sinusoidal trajectories. A static radiation delivery to the nonmoving target served as a reference for the delivery to the moving phantom with and without tracking applied. Results: Submillimeter tracking accuracy was observed for two-dimensional target motion despite the relatively large system latency of 500 ms. Film dosimetry yielded almost complete recovery of a circular dose distribution with tracking in two dimensions applied: 2%/2 mm gamma-failure rates could be reduced from 59.7% to 3.3%. For single-beam intensity-modulated radiotherapy delivery, accuracy was limited by the finite leaf width. A 2%/2 mm gamma-failure rate of 15.6% remained with tracking applied. Conclusion: The integrated system we have presented marks a major step toward the clinical implementation of high-precision dynamic multileaf collimator tracking. However, several challenges such as irregular motion traces or a thorough quality assurance still need to be addressed.
Krauss, Andreas, E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com [Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (Germany); Nill, Simeon; Tacke, Martin; Oelfke, Uwe [Department of Medical Physics in Radiation Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg (Germany)
Energy-aware real-time communication in wireless ad-hoc micro sensors network
Perfect functioning not only at hardware level but also at software level design is indispensable to quench the thirst of an ideal real time communication. From software perspective, in the timeless sensitive communication context, Real-Time Operating ... Keywords: energy awareness, real-time communication, real-time operating system, sensor network
Sohail Jabbar; Abid Ali Minhas
FBLT: a real-time contention manager with improved schedulability
We consider software transactional memory (STM) concurrency control for embedded multicore real-time software, and present a novel contention manager for resolving transactional conflicts, called FBLT. We upper bound transactional retries and task response ...
Mohammed Elshambakey, Binoy Ravindran
The Real Time System Operations (RTSO) 2006-2007 project focused on two parallel technical tasks: (1) Real-Time Applications of Phasors for Monitoring, Alarming and Control; and (2) Real-Time Voltage Security Assessment (RTVSA) Prototype Tool. The overall goal of the phasor applications project was to accelerate adoption and foster greater use of new, more accurate, time-synchronized phasor measurements by conducting research and prototyping applications on California ISO's phasor platform - Real-Time Dynamics Monitoring System (RTDMS) -- that provide previously unavailable information on the dynamic stability of the grid. Feasibility assessment studies were conducted on potential application of this technology for small-signal stability monitoring, validating/improving existing stability nomograms, conducting frequency response analysis, and obtaining real-time sensitivity information on key metrics to assess grid stress. Based on study findings, prototype applications for real-time visualization and alarming, small-signal stability monitoring, measurement based sensitivity analysis and frequency response assessment were developed, factory- and field-tested at the California ISO and at BPA. The goal of the RTVSA project was to provide California ISO with a prototype voltage security assessment tool that runs in real time within California ISO?s new reliability and congestion management system. CERTS conducted a technical assessment of appropriate algorithms, developed a prototype incorporating state-of-art algorithms (such as the continuation power flow, direct method, boundary orbiting method, and hyperplanes) into a framework most suitable for an operations environment. Based on study findings, a functional specification was prepared, which the California ISO has since used to procure a production-quality tool that is now a part of a suite of advanced computational tools that is used by California ISO for reliability and congestion management.
Eto, Joseph H.; Parashar, Manu; Lewis, Nancy Jo
A hardware/software codesign of a co-processor for real-time hyperelliptic curve cryptography on a Spartan3 FPGA
This paper describes the acceleration of calculations for public-key cryptography on hyperelliptic curves on very small FPGAs. This is achieved by using a Hardware/Software Codesign Approach starting with an all-software implementation on an embedded ... Keywords: FPGA, embedded systems, hyperelliptic curve cryptography (HECC), public key cryptography (PKC), reconfigurable hardware
Alexander Klimm; Oliver Sander; J�rgen Becker; Sylvain Subileau
Tracking Living Cells as They Differentiate in Real Time
at the ALS, developed a new technique for monitoring protein phosphorylation inside living mammalian cells, enabling them to follow cellular chemical changes in real time,...
NRC Job Code V6060: Extended in-situ and real time monitoring. Task 4: Detection and monitoring of leaks at nuclear power plants external to structures
In support of Task 4 of the NRC study on compliance with 10 CFR part 20.1406, minimization of contamination, Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) conducted a one-year scoping study, in concert with a parallel study performed by NRC/NRR staff, on monitoring for leaks at nuclear power plants (NPPs) external to structures. The objective of this task-4 study is to identify and assess those sensors and monitoring techniques for early detection of abnormal radioactive releases from the engineered facility structures, systems and components (SSCs) to the surrounding underground environment in existing NPPs and planned new reactors. As such, methods of interest include: (1) detection of anomalous water content of soils surrounding SSCs, (2) radionuclides contained in the leaking water, and (3) secondary signals such as temperature. ANL work scope includes mainly to (1) identify, in concert with the nuclear industry, the sensors and techniques that have most promise to detect radionuclides and/or associated chemical releases from SSCs of existing NPPs and (2) review and provide comments on the results of the NRC/NRR staff scoping study to identify candidate technologies. This report constitutes the ANL deliverable of the task-4 study. It covers a survey of sensor technologies and leak detection methods currently applied to leak monitoring at NPPs. The survey also provides a technology evaluation that identifies their strength and deficiency based on their detection speed, sensitivity, range and reliability. Emerging advanced technologies that are potentially capable of locating releases, identifying the radionuclides, and estimating their concentrations and distributions are also included in the report along with suggestions of required further research and development.
Sheen, S. H. (Nuclear Engineering Division)
Real time wind turbine simulator.
??A novel dynamic real-time wind turbine simulator (WTS) is developed in this thesis, which is capable of reproducing dynamic behavior of real wind turbine. The� (more)
Gong, Bing
NEMO-\\onde: a submarine station for real-time monitoring of acoustic background installed at 2000 m depth in the Mediterranean Sea
The NEMO (NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory) Collaboration installed, 25 km E offshore the port of Catania (Sicily) at 2000 m depth, an underwater laboratory to perform long-term tests of prototypes and new technologies for an underwater high energy neutrino km$^3$-scale detector in the Mediterranean Sea. In this framework the collaboration deployed and successfully operated for about two years, starting form January 2005, an experimental apparatus for on-line monitoring of deep-sea noise. The station was equipped with 4 hydrophones and it is operational in the range 30 Hz - 43 kHz. This interval of frequencies matches the range suitable for the proposed acoustic detection technique of high energy neutrinos. Hydrophone signals were digitized underwater at 96 kHz sampling frequency and 24 bits resolution. A custom software was developed to record data on high resolution 4-channels digital audio file. This paper deals with the data analysis procedure and first results on the determination of sea noise sound pressure density curves. The stored data library, consisting of more than 2000 hours of recordings, is a unique tool to model underwater acoustic noise at large depth, to characterise its variations as a function of environmental parameters, biological sources and human activities (ship traffic, ...), and to determine the presence of cetaceans in the area.
The NEMO Collaboration; L. Cosentino; M. Favetta; G. Larosa; G. Pavan; D. J. Romeo; S. Privitera; F. Speziale
Towards the compositional verification of real-time UML designs
Current techniques for the verification of software as e.g. model checking are limited when it comes to the verification of complex distributed embedded real-time systems. Our approach addresses this problem and in particular the state explosion problem ... Keywords: embedded systems, object constraint language (OCL), pattern, real-time, unified modelling language (UML)
Holger Giese; Matthias Tichy; Sven Burmester; Wilhelm Sch�fer; Stephan Flake
Challenge benchmarks for verification of real-time programs
Real-time systems, and in particular safety-critical systems, are a rich source of challenges for the program verification community as software errors can have catastrophic consequences. Unfortunately, it is nearly impossible to find representative ... Keywords: java, real-time, verification
Tomas Kalibera; Pavel Parizek; Ghaith Haddad; Gary T. Leavens; Jan Vitek
Overhead elimination mechanisms in real-time systems
The OEM (Overhead Elimination Mechanism), a scheduler for finding minimal overheads with reduced context switches in real-time systems, was developed using procedural methods. Software produced by these methods has often proven to be inflexible and difficult ... Keywords: Real-time scheduling, context switches, object-oriented, procedural, rate monotonic algorithm
Ilhyun Lee; Haesun K. Lee; Narayan Debnath
Real-time Building Energy Simulation using EnergyPlus and the Building
Real-time Building Energy Simulation using EnergyPlus and the Building Real-time Building Energy Simulation using EnergyPlus and the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed Title Real-time Building Energy Simulation using EnergyPlus and the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed Publication Type Conference Proceedings LBNL Report Number LBNL-5390E Year of Publication 2011 Authors Pang, Xiufeng, Prajesh Bhattacharya, Zheng O'Neill, Philip Haves, Michael Wetter, and Trevor Bailey Conference Name Proc. of the 12th IBPSA Conference Pagination p. 2890-2896 Date Published 11/2011 Conference Location Sydney, Australia Abstract Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures (Haves et al., 2001, Lee et al., 2007). To address this problem, the paper presents a simulation-based whole building performance monitoring tool that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. The tool continuously acquires relevant building model input variables from existing Energy Management and Control System (EMCS). It then reports expected energy consumption as simulated of EnergyPlus. The Building Control Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) is used as the software platform to provide data linkage between the EMCS, an EnergyPlus model, and a database. This paper describes the integrated real-time simulation environment. A proof-of-concept demonstration is also presented in the paper.
Real time reconstruction of quasiperiodic multi parameter physiological signals
A modern intensive care unit (ICU) has automated analysis systems that depend on continuous uninterrupted real time monitoring of physiological signals such as electrocardiogram (ECG), arterial blood pressure (ABP), and ...
Ganeshapillai, Gartheeban
Reviewing real-time performance of nuclear reactor safety systems
The purpose of this paper is to recommend regulatory guidance for reviewers examining real-time performance of computer-based safety systems used in nuclear power plants. Three areas of guidance are covered in this report. The first area covers how to determine if, when, and what prototypes should be required of developers to make a convincing demonstration that specific problems have been solved or that performance goals have been met. The second area has recommendations for timing analyses that will prove that the real-time system will meet its safety-imposed deadlines. The third area has description of means for assessing expected or actual real-time performance before, during, and after development is completed. To ensure that the delivered real-time software product meets performance goals, the paper recommends certain types of code-execution and communications scheduling. Technical background is provided in the appendix on methods of timing analysis, scheduling real-time computations, prototyping, real-time software development approaches, modeling and measurement, and real-time operating systems.
Preckshot, G.G. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (United States)
Current status of DIII-D real-time digital plasma control
This paper describes the current status of real-time digital plasma control for the DIII-D tokamak. The digital plasma control system (PCS) has been in place at DIII-D since the early 1990s and continues to expand and improve in its capabilities to monitor and control plasma parameters for DIII-D fusion science experiments. The PCs monitors over 200 tokamak parameters from the DIII-D experiment using a real-time data acquisition system that acquires a new set of samples once every 60 {micro}s. This information is then used in a number of feedback control algorithms to compute and control a variety of parameters including those affecting plasma shape and position. A number of system related improvements has improved the usability and flexibility of the DIII-D PCS. These include more graphical user interfaces to assist in entering and viewing the large and ever growing number of parameters controlled by the PCS, increased interaction and accessibility from other DIII-D applications, and upgrades to the computer hardware and vended software. Future plans for the system include possible upgrades of the real-time computers, further links to other DIII-D diagnostic measurements such as real-time Thomson scattering analysis, and joint collaborations with other tokamak experiments including the NSTX at Princeton.
Penaflor, B.G.; Piglowski, D.A.; Ferron, J.R.; Walker, M.L.
Real Time Location Tool For Precision Tracking Of Passive UHF RFID Tags In Two Dimensions.
??Bredow, Jonathan This thesis addresses this problem of a precise RTLS (Real Time Location System) by implementing a Passive UHF RFID system. A software is� (more)
Kenarangui, Nasir
Real-Time Airborne Particle Analyzer
Geology, biology, and environmental science HAZMAT Weapons inspection : Real-time method for measuring elemental composition
Real time infrared aerosol analyzer
Apparatus for analyzing aerosols in essentially real time includes a virtual impactor which separates coarse particles from fine and ultrafine particles in an aerosol sample. The coarse and ultrafine particles are captured in PTFE filters, and the fine particles impact onto an internal light reflection element. The composition and quantity of the particles on the PTFE filter and on the internal reflection element are measured by alternately passing infrared light through the filter and the internal light reflection element, and analyzing the light through infrared spectrophotometry to identify the particles in the sample.
Johnson, Stanley A. (Countryside, IL); Reedy, Gerald T. (Bourbonnais, IL); Kumar, Romesh (Naperville, IL)
Real Time Simulation of Power Grid Disruptions
DOE-OE and DOE-SC workshops (Reference 1-3) identified the key power grid problem that requires insight addressable by the next generation of exascale computing is coupling of real-time data streams (1-2 TB per hour) as the streams are ingested to dynamic models. These models would then identify predicted disruptions in time (2-4 seconds) to trigger the smart grid s self healing functions. This project attempted to establish the feasibility of this approach and defined the scientific issues, and demonstrated example solutions to important smart grid simulation problems. These objectives were accomplished by 1) using the existing frequency recorders on the national grid to establish a representative and scalable real-time data stream; 2) invoking ORNL signature identification algorithms; 3) modeling dynamically a representative region of the Eastern interconnect using an institutional cluster, measuring the scalability and computational benchmarks for a national capability; and 4) constructing a prototype simulation for the system s concept of smart grid deployment. The delivered ORNL enduring capability included: 1) data processing and simulation metrics to design a national capability justifying exascale applications; 2) Software and intellectual property built around the example solutions; 3) demonstrated dynamic models to design few second self-healing.
Chinthavali, Supriya [ORNL; Dimitrovski, Aleksandar D [ORNL; Fernandez, Steven J [ORNL; Groer, Christopher S [ORNL; Nutaro, James J [ORNL; Olama, Mohammed M [ORNL; Omitaomu, Olufemi A [ORNL; Shankar, Mallikarjun [ORNL; Spafford, Kyle L [ORNL; Vacaliuc, Bogdan [ORNL
Real-Time Building Energy Simulation Using EnergyPlus and the Building Controls Test Bed
Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures (Haves et al., 2001, Lee et al., 2007). To address this problem, the paper presents a simulation-based whole building performance monitoring tool that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. The tool continuously acquires relevant building model input variables from existing Energy Management and Control System (EMCS). It then reports expected energy consumption as simulated of EnergyPlus. The Building Control Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) is used as the software platform to provide data linkage between the EMCS, an EnergyPlus model, and a database. This paper describes the integrated real-time simulation environment. A proof-of-concept demonstration is also presented in the paper.
Pang, Xiufeng; Bhattachayra, Prajesh; O'Neill, Zheng; Haves, Philip; Wetter, Michael; Bailey, Trevor
Real time chemical exposure and risk monitor
The apparatus of the present invention is a combination of a breath interface and an external exposure dosimeter interface to a chemical analysis device, all controlled by an electronic processor for quantitatively analyzing chemical analysis data from both the breath interface and the external exposure dosimeter for determining internal tissue dose. The method of the present invention is a combination of steps of measuring an external dose, measuring breath content, then analyzing the external dose and breath content and determining internal tissue dose. 7 figs.
Thrall, K.D.; Kenny, D.V.; Endres, G.W.R.; Sisk, D.R.
Real-Time Particulate Monitoring � Detecting Respiratory ...
... They are found in older transformers and other ... HVAC (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) inspections and ... This set of conditions is not likely ...
Better Real-Time Monitoring of Cargo
The Town Crier Method The Town Crier Method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
Real time speech formant analyzer and display
A speech analyzer for interpretation of sound includes a sound input which converts the sound into a signal representing the sound. The signal is passed through a plurality of frequency pass filters to derive a plurality of frequency formants. These formants are converted to voltage signals by frequency-to-voltage converters and then are prepared for visual display in continuous real time. Parameters from the inputted sound are also derived and displayed. The display may then be interpreted by the user. The preferred embodiment includes a microprocessor which is interfaced with a television set for displaying of the sound formants. The microprocessor software enables the sound analyzer to present a variety of display modes for interpretive and therapeutic used by the user. 19 figs.
Holland, G.E.; Struve, W.S.; Homer, J.F.
Real-time personalized sports video filtering and summarization
We demonstrate a real-time fully automated software system for filtering important events in sports video. Events represent occurrences of actions or state changes in video content. In the current prototype, we demonstrate detection of pitching in baseball ... Keywords: MPEG-7, event detection, indexing, summarization, video filtering
Di Zhong; Raj Kumar; Shih-Fu Chang
Development of Nuclear Reactor remote Monitoring software (NRM) for the Star project
As a response to the needs of developing countries to meet their rapidly growing energy requirements, the Safe, Transportable, Autonomous Reactor (STAR) program originated. This concept relies on small, passively safe, and highly autonomous nuclear power stations to make nuclear energy available to countries not containing the infrastructure to support a conventional reactor. Nuclear Reactor remote Monitoring software (NRM), a part of this project, has been developed to centralize and coordinate operations support for multiple plants, guarantee safety and nonproliferation, and improve cost-effectiveness. NRM allows soft real time monitoring of the reactor power, primary and secondary coolant temperatures, control rod movement, and secondary coolant zones in the steam generator (subcooled, saturated, and superheated). The coherence of the data sets is checked with QUASIMODO, a thermohydraulics computational code. NRM receives the measurement of physical variables from a data acquisition system. This data is then encrypted and transferred to the monitoring center using Secure SHell (SSH). The main program, written in C and Java embedded with Java Native Interface (JNI) processes the data, which is displayed in a graphic user interface along with calculated results.
Gautier, Vincent Charles
Environmental Research Energy Systems Integration Real Time2) integration with CA ISO energy management system (EMS);2) integration with CA ISO energy management system (EMS);
Eto, Joe
A Survey of Utility Experience with Real Time Pricing
with Real Time Pricing Xcel Energy (Public Service Companywith Real Time Pricing Xcel Energy, MDC (MinnesotaUtilities Division). 2001. �Xcel Energy�s Real-Time Pricing
Barbose, Galen; Goldman, Charles; Neenan, Bernie
Tracking Living Cells as They Tracking Living Cells as They Differentiate in Real Time Tracking Living Cells as They Differentiate in Real Time Print Thursday, 27 September 2012 00:00 Protein phosphorylation regulates protein function in a cell, either activating or inactivating the proteins responsible for many cell functions ranging from cell proliferation to differentiation to metabolism to signaling, and even programmed cell death. This chemical process has been studied intensively, but until now it has been impossible to watch phosphorylation at the molecular level without damaging cells or interfering with the very processes being examined. Using ALS Infrared Beamline 1.4.3, a group of researchers led by Hoi-Ying Holman, director of the Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology program at the ALS, developed a new technique for monitoring protein phosphorylation inside living mammalian cells, enabling them to follow cellular chemical changes in real time, without bias.
Tracking Living Cells as They Differentiate in Real Time Print Tracking Living Cells as They Differentiate in Real Time Print Protein phosphorylation regulates protein function in a cell, either activating or inactivating the proteins responsible for many cell functions ranging from cell proliferation to differentiation to metabolism to signaling, and even programmed cell death. This chemical process has been studied intensively, but until now it has been impossible to watch phosphorylation at the molecular level without damaging cells or interfering with the very processes being examined. Using ALS Infrared Beamline 1.4.3, a group of researchers led by Hoi-Ying Holman, director of the Berkeley Synchrotron Infrared Structural Biology program at the ALS, developed a new technique for monitoring protein phosphorylation inside living mammalian cells, enabling them to follow cellular chemical changes in real time, without bias.
Hardware support in a middleware for distributed and real-time embedded applications
One of the main challenges in the development of tools and methodologies for a multiprocessor real-time embedded system is to reuse already developed software, but at the same time obtaining low memory footprint, low energy consumption, and minimal area, ... Keywords: MPSoCs, embedded applications, energy efficiency, middleware, real-time systems
Elias T. Silva, Jr; Fl�vio R. Wagner; Edison P. Freitas; Carlos E. Pereira
Development of software architecture for environmental monitoring using wireless sensor networks
In this thesis, I describe the development of the software architecture for temperature monitoring using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). The goal of the software is to provide a means to remotely monitor and analyze ...
Hari, Piyush
JAVA & Parallelism/Real-time systems
Windowing Toolkit (AWT) in a memory-efficient way. JAVA Application Environment (JAE) Support enables the same applets and applications to run on other servers or platforms running the JAVA Virtual Machine. CHAPTER 2 Embedded and Real-Time JAVA According to the designers at Sun Microsystems, is JAVA also suitable for Embedded or Real-Time systems. Before proceeding further it is worth trying to define the phrase `real-time system' more precisely. 2.1 Definition of a real-time system There are many interpretations of the exact nature of a real-time system; however, they all have in common the notion of response time, the time taken for the system to generate output from some associated input. The Oxford Dictionary of Computing [48] gives the following definition of a real-time system. A real-time system is... Any system in which the time at which output is produced is significant. This is usually because the input corresponds to some movement in the physical world, and the output ha...
D. F. Nooren
Real time sensor for therapeutic radiation delivery
The invention is a real time sensor for therapeutic radiation. A probe is placed in or near the patient that senses in real time the dose at the location of the probe. The strength of the dose is determined by either an insertion or an exit probe. The location is determined by a series of vertical and horizontal sensing elements that gives the operator a real time read out dose location relative to placement of the patient. The increased accuracy prevents serious tissue damage to the patient by preventing overdose or delivery of a dose to a wrong location within the body. 14 figs.
Bliss, M.; Craig, R.A.; Reeder, P.L.
The invention is a real time sensor for therapeutic radiation. A probe is placed in or near the patient that senses in real time the dose at the location of the probe. The strength of the dose is determined by either an insertion or an exit probe. The location is determined by a series of vertical and horizontal sensing elements that gives the operator a real time read out dose location relative to placement of the patient. The increased accuracy prevents serious tissue damage to the patient by preventing overdose or delivery of a dose to a wrong location within the body.
Bliss, Mary (West Richland, WA); Craig, Richard A. (West Richland, WA); Reeder, Paul L. (Richland, WA)
High-Level Real-Time Concurrency
The primary goal of all real-time systems is predictability. Achieving this goal requires all levels of the system to be well de ned and have a xed worst-case execution time. These needs have resulted in the creation of overly restrictive commercial real-time systems providing only ad-hoc scheduling facilities and basic concurrent functionality. Ad-hoc scheduling makes developing, verifying, and maintaining a real-time system extremely dicult and time consuming. Basic concurrent functionality forces programmers to develop complex concurrent programs without the aid of high-level concurrency features.
Ashif S. Harji; C Ashif S. Harji
Real-Time Mesoscale Prediction on workstations
Experience in performing real-time mesoscale numerical prediction forecasts using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) over Colorado for a winter season on high-performance workstations is summarized. Performance evaluation is done for ...
William R. Cotton; Gregory Thompson; Paul W. Mieike Jr.
Real time PCR measurement by fluorescence anisotropy
Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the gold-standard for quantitation in both mutation and gene expression analyses. Already this technique has found valuable clinical application in disease diagnosis and progression ...
Crane, Bryan Lee, 1976-
Real time estimation of Bayesian networks
For real time evaluation of a Bayesian network when there is not sufficient time to obtain an exact solution, a guaranteed response time, approximate solution is required. It is shown that non traditional methods utilizing estimators based on an archive ...
Robert L. Welch
Real-time rendering systems in 2010
We present a case for future real-time rendering systems that support non-physically-correct global illumination techniques by using ray tracing visibility algorithms, by integrating scene management with rendering, and by executing on general-purpose ...
William R. Mark; Donald Fussell
Real Time Energy Pricing Web Services Implementation
Real Time Energy Pricing Web Services Implementation Speaker(s): Jim Boch Kim McCaffrey Robert Nawy Date: December 15, 2010 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Seminar HostPoint of...
Near Real-Time Push Middleware
Architecture.. 102 System Trial .. 109 Chapter 6 Electric vehicle smart charging and vehicle-to-gridSmart Grid, to address deficiencies in existing research, and to advance the state of the art in near real-time push architectures.
Mal, Siddhartha Byron
Property:Real-Time | Open Energy Information
Real-Time Real-Time Jump to: navigation, search Property Name Real-Time Property Type String Pages using the property "Real-Time" Showing 25 pages using this property. (previous 25) (next 25) 1 1.5-ft Wave Flume Facility + No + 10-ft Wave Flume Facility + No + 11-ft Wave Flume Facility + No + 2 2-ft Flume Facility + No + 3 3-ft Wave Flume Facility + No + 5 5-ft Wave Flume Facility + No + 6 6-ft Wave Flume Facility + No + A Alden Large Flume + Yes + Alden Small Flume + Yes + Alden Tow Tank + Yes + Alden Wave Basin + Yes + B Breakwater Research Facility + No + Bucknell Hydraulic Flume + No + C Carderock 2-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel + No + Carderock 3-ft Variable Pressure Cavitation Water Tunnel + No + Carderock Circulating Water Channel + No +
On compressing data in wireless sensor networks for energy efficiency and real time delivery
Wireless sensor networks possess significant limitations in storage, bandwidth, processing, and energy. Additionally, real-time sensor network applications such as monitoring poisonous gas leaks cannot tolerate high latency. While some good data compression ... Keywords: Compression, Latency, Real-time, Wireless sensor network
Tommy Szalapski; Sanjay Madria
A Cost Effective Real-Time Tracking System Prototype Using Integrated GPS/GPRS Module
This paper presents a real time tracking system that provides accurate localizations of the tracked vehicle with low cost. The system is implemented using GM862 cellular quad band module. A monitoring server and a graphical user interface on a website ... Keywords: GPS, GSM, ITS, Real Time Tracking
Wael El-Medany; Alauddin Al-Omary; Riyadh Al-Hakim; Sufyan Al-Irhayim; Mustafa Nusaif
Axial tomography from digitized real time radiography
Axial tomography from digitized real time radiographs provides a useful tool for industrial radiography and tomography. The components of this system are: x-ray source, image intensifier, video camera, video line extractor and digitizer, data storage and reconstruction computers. With this system it is possible to view a two dimensional x-ray image in real time at each angle of rotation and select the tomography plane of interest by choosing which video line to digitize. The digitization of a video line requires less than a second making data acquisition relatively short. Further improvements on this system are planned and initial results are reported.
Zolnay, A.S.; McDonald, W.M.; Doupont, P.A.; McKinney, R.L.; Lee, M.M.
Axial Tomography from Digitized Real Time Radiography
DOE R&D Accomplishments (OSTI)
Zolnay, A. S.; McDonald, W. M.; Doupont, P. A.; McKinney, R. L.; Lee, M. M.
REAL-TIME BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION USING ENERGYPLUS AND THE REAL-TIME BUILDING ENERGY SIMULATION USING ENERGYPLUS AND THE BUILDING CONTROLS VIRTUAL TEST BED Xiufeng Pang 1 , Prajesh Bhattacharya 1 , Zheng O'Neill 2 , Philip Haves 1 , Michael Wetter 1 , and Trevor Bailey 2 1 Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA 2 United Technologies Research Center, East Hartford, CT, USA ABSTRACT Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures (Haves et al., 2001, Lee et al., 2007). To address this problem, the paper presents a simulation-based whole building performance monitoring tool that allows a
Real Time Pricing and the Real Live Firm
response to electricity real-time prices: short run and longwith respect to real time prices has not been extensivelywere linked to real-time prices, most customers indicated
Moezzi, Mithra; Goldman, Charles; Sezgen, Osman; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Hopper, Nicole
Response to Electricity Real-Time Prices: Short Run and Longat the prevailing real time price. Because only marginalService Rate RTP: Real Time Price Rate Experimental Day
Wealth Transfers from Implementing Real-Time Retail Electricity Pricing
who are charged real-time prices. I discuss the politicalif customers exhibit real-time price elasticities of -0.1, Iit sees the actual real-time electricity price and responds.
Borenstein, Severin
Real-time var control by SCADA
This paper outlines the operation and advantages of the SCADA capacitor control called CAPCON, developed by the Virginia Electric and Power Company (Virginia Power). CAPCON is used to control vars system-wide by switching substation capacitor banks based on real-time var and voltage data instead of the traditional time clock method.
Girotti, T.B.; Tweed, N.B.; Houser, N.R. (Virginia Power Co., Richmond, VA (USA))
Real-time signal processing IV
The following topics were dealt with: parallel computation algorithms and architectures; very high-speed integrated circuit processing; multiple processor systems; real-time signal processing technologies and applications. 48 papers were presented, 40 of which are published in full in the present proceedings. Abstracts of individual papers can be found under the relevant classification codes in this or other issues.
Not Available
Real-time individualized virtual humans
This tutorial will present the latest techniques to model fast individualized animatable virtual humans for Real-Time applications. As a human is composed of a head and a body, we will analyze how these two parts can be modeled and globally animated ...
Nadia Magnenat-Thalmann; Daniel Thalmann
Towards real-time dynamic spectrum auctions
In this paper, we propose a low-complexity auction framework to distribute spectrum in real-time among a large number of wireless users with dynamic traffic. Our design consists of a compact and highly expressive bidding format, two pricing models to ... Keywords: Algorithms, Auctions, Spectrum
Sorabh Gandhi; Chiranjeeb Buragohain; Lili Cao; Haitao Zheng; Subhash Suri
Real time video streaming over heterogeneous networks
Technological advances allow handheld devices to be equipped with faster processors and wireless interfaces, making the performance comparable to laptop Computers. In this paper, we describe real-time video streaming over heterogeneous networks namely ... Keywords: GPRS-EDGE, IEEE802.11, IETF, MPEG-4, PSS, RTCP, RTP, RTSP, bluetooth, performance, piconet, quality of service, video streaming, wireless LANs
Mohammed A. Qadeer; Rehan Ahmad; Mohd Siddique Khan; Tauseef Ahmad
User customizable real-time fur
Recent advances in real-time fur rendering have enabled the development of more realistic furry characters. In this sketch, we outline a number of advances to the shell and fin based fur rendering technique by Lengyel et al [2001] using the pixel and ...
John Isidoro; Jason L. Mitchell
Efficient real-time divisible load scheduling
Providing QoS and performance guarantees to arbitrarily divisible loads has become a significant problem for many cluster-based research computing facilities. While progress is being made in scheduling arbitrarily divisible loads, current approaches ... Keywords: Arbitrarily divisible loads, Cluster computing, Real-time computing, Scheduling efficiency
Anwar Mamat; Ying Lu; Jitender Deogun; Steve Goddard
Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Biofilm Development
Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Biofilm Development Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Biofilm Development Print Wednesday, 25 August 2010 00:00 Scientists have...
Survey of Utility Experience with Real Time Pricing List ofUtility Experience with Real Time Pricing Table of Contents Acknowledgements iii Table of Contents..v List
Multi-Criteria Optimisation using Past, Real Time and Predictive...
Multi-Criteria Optimisation using Past, Real Time and Predictive Performance Benchmarks Title Multi-Criteria Optimisation using Past, Real Time and Predictive Performance...
Definition: Real-Time Load Transfer | Open Energy Information
Real-time load transfer is achieved through real-time feeder reconfiguration and optimization to relieve load on equipment, improve asset utilization, improve distribution...
California ISO Real-Time Voltage Security Assessment (VSA) Project...
Arnold Schwarzenegger Governor REAL-TIME GRID RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT California ISO Real-Time Voltage Security Assessment (VSA) Project: Summary of Survey Results on Methodologies...
Wireless technology collects real-time information from oil and...
Wireless technology collects real-time information from oil and gas wells Wireless technology collects real-time information from oil and gas wells The patented system delivers...
Appendix C: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security Assessment...
C: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security Assessment (VSA) Prototype Functional SpecificationsPrototype Development Title Appendix C: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security...
Appendix B: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security Assessment...
B: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security Assessment (VSA) Summary Report Title Appendix B: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security Assessment (VSA) Summary Report Publication...
Appendix A: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security Assessment...
A: California ISO Real Time Voltage Security Assessment (VSA) Project: Summary of Survey Results on Methodologies for use in Real-Time Voltage Security Assessment Title Appendix A:...
Wireless technology collects real-time information from oil and gas wells
Wireless technology collects real-time information from oil and gas Wireless technology collects real-time information from oil and gas wells Wireless technology collects real-time information from oil and gas wells The patented system delivers continuous electromagnetic data on the reservoir conditions, enabling economical and effective monitoring and analysis. April 3, 2012 One of several active projects, LANL and Chevron co-developed INFICOMM(tm), a wireless technology used to collect real-time temperature and pressure information from sensors in oil and gas wells, including very deep wells already producing oil and gas and drilling operations for new wells. One of several active projects, LANL and Chevron co-developed INFICOMM(tm), a wireless technology used to collect real-time temperature and pressure information from sensors in oil and gas wells, including very deep wells
Real time gamma-ray signature identifier
A real time gamma-ray signature/source identification method and system using principal components analysis (PCA) for transforming and substantially reducing one or more comprehensive spectral libraries of nuclear materials types and configurations into a corresponding concise representation/signature(s) representing and indexing each individual predetermined spectrum in principal component (PC) space, wherein an unknown gamma-ray signature may be compared against the representative signature to find a match or at least characterize the unknown signature from among all the entries in the library with a single regression or simple projection into the PC space, so as to substantially reduce processing time and computing resources and enable real-time characterization and/or identification.
Rowland, Mark (Alamo, CA); Gosnell, Tom B. (Moraga, CA); Ham, Cheryl (Livermore, CA); Perkins, Dwight (Livermore, CA); Wong, James (Dublin, CA)
CRTF Real-Time Aperture Flux system
The Real-Time Aperture Flux system (TRAF) is a test measurement system designed to determine the input power/unit area (flux density) during solar experiments conducted at the Central Receiver Test Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico. The RTAF is capable of using both thermal sensors and photon sensors to determine the flux densities in the RTAF measuring plane. These data are manipulated in various ways to derive input power and flux density distribution to solar experiments.
Davis, D.B.
Low-Power Design for Real-Time Systems
Real-time Systems often are located in the special environments where the power consumption is a big concern. Upon presence of timing constraints, the low power design on the real-time systems has significant impact on the performance as well as the ... Keywords: embedded system, instruction set, low power design, real time operating system, real time scheduling
Sheng-Tzong Cheng; Chia-Mei Chen; Jing-Wen Hwang
Real-time static voltage scaling on multiprocessors
We propose a real-time static voltage scaling (RT-SVS) technique called T-L plane transforming, which is an extension of LLREF, an optimal real-time scheduling algorithm for multiprocessor systems. We present two RT-SVS algorithms for different types ... Keywords: energy consumption, multiprocessor systems, real-time scheduling, real-time voltage scaling
Kenji Funaoka; Shinpei Kato; Nobuyuki Yamasaki
Treatment of Shielding in Real-Time Source Tracking Software
Technical Paper / Special Issue on the 16th Biennial Topical Meeting of the Radiation Protection and Shielding Division / Radiation Measurements and General Instrumentation
Raymond T. Klann; Sergio C. de la Barrera; Richard B. Vilim
PNNL OS3300 Alpha/Beta Monitoring System Software and Hardware Operations Manual, Revision 0
This Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) OS3300 Alpha/Beta Monitoring System Software and Hardware Operations Manual describes how to install and operate the software and hardware on a personal computer in conjunction with the EG&G Berthold LB150D continuous air monitor. Included are operational details for the software functions, how to read and use the drop-down menus, how to understand readings and calculations, and how to access the database tables.
Barnett, J. M.; Duchsherer, Cheryl J.; Sisk, Daniel R.; Carter, Gregory L.; Douglas, David D.; Carrell, Dorothy M.
Real-time Data Center Energy Efficiency At Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
The escalating consumption of power in data centers worldwide has brought the issue of data center energy efficiency to the forefront. Data center owners and operators now regard detailed knowledge of the energy efficiencies of their data centers as a competitive advantage. With funding from the Department of Energy (NNSA), PNNL has undertaken an in-depth analysis of the real-time energy efficiency for its Energy Smart Data Center Test Bed(ESDC-TB), which is housed in the mixed-use EMSL. The analysis is centered around the real-time display of The Green Grid�s proposed DCiE metric. To calculate this metric, PNNL relies on a variety of sources of data. At the ESDC-TB level, the data center is instrumented to the 100% level (all power consumption, and water temperatures and flow rates are measured). Most of this data is monitored in real-time, but the exception to this is with the CRAHs, which rely on a one-time power consumption measurement for the blowers (these are single speed blowers, so a one-time measurement suffices.). Outside of the data center (EMSL facility level), PNNL relies on the following: � Real-time data from the entire chiller plant (five chillers), six chilled water pumps, and one of four cooling towers (blowers only). � One-time power measurements for a single fixed speed pump that is representative of each grouping of pumps (the other pumps are assumed to possess the same power consumption levels). � One-time power measurements for a single two-speed cooling tower blower. This same blower model is deployed in three of the four cooling towers, so is assumed to be representative for all these blowers. � One-time power measurements for a single fixed speed cooling tower pump. This same pump model is deployed in all four cooling towers, so is assumed to be representative for all these pumps. A software tool named FRED was developed by PNNL to acquire, reduce, display, and archive all the data acquired from the ESDC-TB and EMSL. FRED provides the ability to display various levels of real-time data starting at the ESDC-TB and EMSL levels, then to lower levels as desired. For example, for the ESDC-TB, graphical screens are provided at the data center level, the rack level, the server level, and even the component level. In the near-term, FRED will also display the real-time DCiE. One of the major challenges to doing this in a mixed-use facility has been to quantify the power consumption of each major mechanical or electrical subsystem that is attributable to the IT equipment housed within the ESDC-TB (i.e., NW-ICE). PNNL has tackled this issue for its five chiller plant, and the analysis is presented in the paper. The analysis for all the remaining mechanical and electrical subsystems is now underway and will be presented in future publications.
Sisk, Daniel R.; Khaleel, Mohammad A.; Marquez, Andres; Hatley, Darrel D.; Cader, Tahir; Schmidt, Roger R.
Residential Real-time Price Response Simulation
The electric industry is gaining experience with innovative price responsive demand pilots and limited roll-outs to customers. One of these pilots is investigating real-time pricing signals to engage end-use systems and local distributed generation and storage in a distributed optimization process. Attractive aspects about the approach include strong scalability characteristics, simplified interfaces between automation devices, and the adaptability to integrate a wide variety of devices and systems. Experience in this nascent field is revealing a rich array of for engineering decisions and the application of complexity theory. To test the decisions, computer simulations are used to reveal insights about design, demand elasticity, and the limits of response (including consumer fatigue). Agent-based approaches lend themselves well in the simulation to modeling the participation and interaction of each piece of equipment on a distribution feeder. This paper discusses rate design and simulation experiences at the distribution feeder level where consumers and their HVAC systems and water heaters on a feeder receive real-time pricing signals.
Widergren, Steven E.; Subbarao, Krishnappa; Chassin, David P.; Fuller, Jason C.; Pratt, Robert G.
Real-time volcanic earthquake localization
Keywords: in-network distributed processing, multi-tier sensor network architecture, sensor networks, volcano monitoring
Geoffrey Werner-Allen; Patrick Swieskowski; Matt Welsh
Real-TIme Raman Gas Composition Analyzer
Analyzer Analyzer Opportunity The Department of Energy's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) is seeking collaborative research partners interested in implementing United States Provisional Patent Application entitled "Gas Sensing System Employing Raman Scattering". Disclosed in this application is a gas analyzing sensor that characterizes gaseous fuel, exhaust gases, or other process gas streams. The sensor reports concentrations of all majority gases at better than 0.3% accuracy in 1 second or less, and can be used for real-time gas analysis and system control. The sensor relies on novel techniques to enhance usually weak spontaneous Raman emissions from sample gases, enabling the application of Raman spectroscopy to rapid gas analysis. No commercially available sensor or sensing
Optimal, real-time control--colliders
With reasonable definitions, optimal control is possible for both classical and quantal systems with new approaches called PISC(Parallel) and NISC(Neural) from analogy with RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computing). If control equals interaction, observation and comparison to some figure of merit with interaction via external fields, then optimization comes from varying these fields to give design or operating goals. Structural stability can then give us tolerance and design constraints. But simulations use simplified models, are not in real-time and assume fixed or stationary conditions, so optimal control goes far beyond convergence rates of algorithms. It is inseparable from design and this has many implications for colliders. 12 refs., 3 figs.
Spencer, J.E.
Real-time scheduling with regenerative energy
This paper investigates real-time scheduling in a system whose energy reservoir is replenished by an environmental power source. The execution of tasks is deemed primarily energy-driven, i.e., a task may only respect its deadline if its energy demand can be satisfied early enough. Hence, a useful scheduling policy should account for properties of the energy source, capacity of the energy storage as well as power dissipation of the single tasks. We show that conventional scheduling algorithms (like e.g. EDF) are not suitable for this scenario. Based on this motivation, we state and prove optimal scheduling algorithms that jointly handle constraints from both energy and time domain. Furthermore, an offline schedulability test for a set of periodic or even bursty tasks is presented. Finally, we validate the proposed theory by means of simulation and compare our algorithms with the classical Earliest Deadline First Algorithm. 1.
C. Moser; D. Brunelli; L. Thiele; L. Benini
October 2009Rethinking Real Time Electricity Pricing
Most US consumers are charged a near-constant retail price for electricity, despite substantial hourly variation in the wholesale market price. This paper evaluates the �rst program to expose residential consumers to hourly real time pricing (RTP). I �nd that enrolled households are statistically signi�cantly price elastic and that consumers responded by conserving energy during peak hours, but remarkably did not increase average consumption during o�-peak times. Welfare analysis suggests that program households were not su � ciently price elastic to generate e � ciency gains that substantially outweigh the estimated costs of the advanced electricity meters required to observe hourly consumption. Although in electricity pricing, congestion pricing, and many other settings, economists�intuition is that prices should be aligned with marginal costs, residential RTP may provide an important real-world example of a situation where this is not currently welfare-enhancing given contracting or information costs.
Hunt Allcott; Hunt Allcott; Bill Hogan; Erich Muehlegger; Larry Katz; Erin Mansur; Sendhil Mullainathan; Paul Niehaus; Chris Nosko; Ariel Pakes; Dave Rapson; Rob Stavins; Frank Wolak
Rethinking Real-Time Electricity Pricing
Most US consumers are charged a near-constant retail price for electricity, despite substantial hourly variation in the wholesale market price. This paper evaluates the �rst program to expose residential consumers to hourly real-time pricing (RTP). I �nd that enrolled households are statistically signi�cantly price elastic and that consumers responded by conserving energy during peak hours, but remarkably did not increase average consumption during o�-peak times. The program increased consumer surplus by $10 per household per year. While this is only one to two percent of electricity costs, it illustrates a potential additional bene�t from investment in retail Smart Grid applications, including the advanced electricity meters required to observe a household�s hourly consumption.
Hunt Allcott; Bill Hogan; Erich Muehlegger; Larry Katz; Erin Mansur; Sendhil Mullainathan; Paul Niehaus; Chris Nosko; Ariel Pakes; Dave Rapson; Rob Stavins; Frank Wolak
Real-Time Precipitation Estimation Based on Index Station Percentiles
Operational hydrologic models are typically calibrated using meteorological inputs derived from retrospective station data that are commonly not available in real time. Inconsistencies between the calibration and (generally sparser) real-time ...
Qiuhong Tang; Andrew W. Wood; Dennis P. Lettenmaier
Real time contingency analysis for power grids
Modern power grids are continuously monitored by trained system operators equipped with sophisticated monitoring and control systems. Despite such precautionary measures, large blackouts, that affect more than a million consumers, occur quite frequently. ...
Anshul Mittal; Jagabondhu Hazra; Nikhil Jain; Vivek Goyal; Deva P. Seetharam; Yogish Sabharwal
Real Time Search User Behavior Real time search is an increasingly important area of
. Query Terms: the terms as entered by the user. Key concepts for search (i.e., the process of a searcher. The most frequently used terms accounted for only 0.03% of the total terms. Concerning search topics Web search. Searchers of real time content often repeat queries overtime, perhaps indicating long term
Jansen, James
2002. �Industrial response to electricity real-time prices:industrial customer operated their facility using hourly electricity prices
Improving a robotics framework with real-time and high-performance features
Middleware has a key role in modern and object-oriented robotics frameworks, which aim at developing reusable, scalable and maintainable systems using different platforms and programming languages. However, complex robotics software falls into the category ... Keywords: data distribution service, middleware, performance, real-time, robotics
Jes�s Mart�nez; Adri�n Romero-Garc�s; Luis Manso; Pablo Bustos
Can Real-Time Machine Translation Overcome Language Barriers in Distributed Requirements Engineering?
distant cultures with different languages and communication styles that, in turn, exacerbate communication software development requires close cooperation of individuals with distant cultural backgrounds. Cultural to explore the performance of MT in real-time text chat. The findings from our simulation are presented
Lanubile, Filippo
Real time reactive programming in lucid enriched with contexts
We present a synchronous approach to real-time reactive programming in Lucid enriched with contexts as first class objects. The declarative intensional approach allows real-time reactive programs to manipulate both events and state-based representations ... Keywords: contexts, formal verification, intensional programming, real-time reactive programming
Kaiyu Wan; Vasu Alagar; Joey Paquet
Optimal Real-time Dispatch for Integrated Energy Systems
In these figures the real-time price is plotted on the rightto 6:00 PM 22.214.171.124 Real-time Prices City specific hourlyIn these figures the real-time price is plotted on the right
Firestone, Ryan Michael
Efficient scheduling of soft real-time applications on multiprocessors
In soft real-time applications, tasks are allowed to miss their deadlines. Thus, less-costly scheduling algorithms can be used at the price of occasional violations of timing constraints. This may be acceptable if reasonable tardiness bounds (i.e., bounds ... Keywords: Fairness, multiprocessors, quality-of-service, real-time scheduling, soft real-time applications, tardiness
Anand Srinivasan; James H. Anderson
Platform-independent design for embedded real-time systems
With the increasing complexity of the emerging embedded real-time systems, traditional design approaches can not provide sufficient support for the development of these systems anymore. They especially lack the ability to trace and analyse real-time ... Keywords: platform-independent, real-time, system design
Jinfeng Huang; Jeroen P. M. Voeten; Andre Ventevogel; Leo van Bokhoven
Real-time neural network earthquake profile predictor
A neural network has been developed that uses first-arrival energy to predict the characteristics of impending earthquake seismograph signals. The propagation of ground motion energy through the earth is a highly nonlinear function. This is due to different forms of ground motion as well as to changes in the elastic properties of the media throughout the propagation path. The neural network is trained using seismogram data from earthquakes. Presented with a previously unseen earthquake, the neural network produces a profile of the complete earthquake signal using data from the first seconds of the signal. This offers a significant advance in the real-time monitoring, warning, and subsequent hazard minimization of catastrophic ground motion. 17 figs.
Leach, R.R.; Dowla, F.U.
A neural network has been developed that uses first-arrival energy to predict the characteristics of impending earthquake seismograph signals. The propagation of ground motion energy through the earth is a highly nonlinear function. This is due to different forms of ground motion as well as to changes in the elastic properties of the media throughout the propagation path. The neural network is trained using seismogram data from earthquakes. Presented with a previously unseen earthquake, the neural network produces a profile of the complete earthquake signal using data from the first seconds of the signal. This offers a significant advance in the real-time monitoring, warning, and subsequent hazard minimization of catastrophic ground motion.
Leach, Richard R. (Castro Valley, CA); Dowla, Farid U. (Castro Valley, CA)
Monitoring and Evaluation of Smolt Migration in the Columbia Basin : Volume XV : Evaluation of the 2007 Predictions of the Run-Timing of Wild and Hatchery-Reared Salmon and Steelhead Smolts to Rock Island, Lower Granite, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville Dams using Program RealTime.
Program RealTime provided monitoring and forecasting of the 2007 inseason outmigrations via the internet for 26 PIT-tagged stocks of wild ESU Chinook salmon and steelhead to Lower Granite and/or McNary dams, one PIT-tagged hatchery-reared ESU of sockeye salmon to Lower Granite Dam, one PIT-tagged wild stock of sockeye salmon to McNary Dam, and 20 passage-indexed runs-at-large, five each to Rock Island, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville dams. Nineteen stocks are of wild yearling Chinook salmon which were captured, PIT-tagged, and released at sites above Lower Granite Dam in 2007 and have at least one year's historical migration data previous to the 2007 migration. These stocks originate in 19 tributaries of the Salmon, Grande Ronde and Clearwater Rivers, all tributaries to the Snake River, and are subsequently detected through tag identification and monitored at Lower Granite Dam. Seven wild PIT-tagged runs-at-large of Snake or Upper Columbia River ESU salmon and steelhead were monitored at McNary Dam. Three wild PIT-tagged runs-at-large were monitored at Lower Granite Dam, consisting of the yearling and subyearling Chinook salmon and the steelhead runs. The hatchery-reared PIT-tagged sockeye salmon stock from Redfish Lake was monitored outmigrating through Lower Granite Dam. Passage-indexed stocks (stocks monitored by FPC passage indices) included combined wild and hatchery runs-at-large of subyearling and yearling Chinook, coho, and sockeye salmon, and steelhead forecasted to Rock Island, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville dams.
Griswold, Jim; Townsend, Richard L.; Skalski, John R.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Smolt Migration in the Columbia Basin, Volume XIV; Evaluation of 2006 Prediction of the Run-Timing of Wild and Hatchery-Reared Salmon and Steelhead at Rock Island, Lower Granite, McNary, John Day and Bonneville Dams using Program Real Time, Technical Report 2006.
Program RealTime provided monitoring and forecasting of the 2006 inseason outmigrations via the internet for 32 PIT-tagged stocks of wild ESU chinook salmon and steelhead to Lower Granite and/or McNary dams, one PIT-tagged hatchery-reared ESU of sockeye salmon to Lower Granite Dam, and 20 passage-indexed runs-at-large, five each to Rock Island, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville Dams. Twenty-four stocks are of wild yearling chinook salmon which were captured, PIT-tagged, and released at sites above Lower Granite Dam in 2006, and have at least one year's historical migration data previous to the 2006 migration. These stocks originate in drainages of the Salmon, Grande Ronde and Clearwater Rivers, all tributaries to the Snake River, and are subsequently detected through the tag identification and monitored at Lower Granite Dam. In addition, seven wild PIT-tagged runs-at-large of Snake or Upper Columbia River ESU salmon and steelhead were monitored at McNary Dam. Three wild PIT-tagged runs-at-large were monitored at Lower Granite Dam, consisting of the yearling and subyearling chinook salmon and the steelhead trout runs. The hatchery-reared PIT-tagged sockeye salmon stock from Redfish Lake was monitored outmigrating through Lower Granite Dam. Passage-indexed stocks (stocks monitored by FPC passage indices) included combined wild and hatchery runs-at-large of subyearling and yearling chinook, coho, and sockeye salmon, and steelhead trout forecasted to Rock Island, McNary, John Day, and Bonneville Dams.
Griswold, Jim
PNNL OS3700 Tritium Monitoring System Software and Hardware Operations Manual, Revision 0
The PNNL OS3700 Tritium Monitoring System Software and Hardware Operations Manual describes herein how to install and operate the software and hardware on a personal computer in conjunction with the Berthold LB110 flow-through proportional counter detector system. Included are operational details for the software functions, how to read and use the drop-down menus, how to understand readings and calculations, and how to access the database tables.
Barnett, J M.; Duchsherer, Cheryl J.; Sisk, Daniel R.; Carrell, Dorothy M.; Douglas, David D.; Carter, Gregory L.
RAPIDS User's Manual Real-Time Group
of the simulator is implemented in Tcl7.5/Tk4.1. It can be run on machines where Tcl/Tk libraries are available. Obtaining and installing Tcl/Tk is not covered in this manual. PVM software is required more details
Massachusetts at Amherst, University of
Real-Time Middleware Concepts for Automating the Development of Distributed Embedded Control Systems
Developing distributed hard real-time applications is a complex endeavor. This paper presents two orthogonal and complementary approaches and their integration --- Giotto and the AOCS framework. Each of these approaches by itself leads to significant efficiency gains in the development of the software for embedded control systems. Giotto allows the high-level, platform independent specification of the timing behavior of possibly distributed embedded control applications with hard real-time requirements. It represents an innovative middleware concept for this category of applications which strictly separates platform-independent functionality and timing concerns from platform-dependent scheduling and communication issues. Giotto leaves open how the functionality of an application is implemented. Ideally, this should be done by reusing components 1 targeted at real-time control systems. In this spirit, the AOCS framework 2 project defines and implements a set of reusable object-orien...
T.B. Brown; T.A. Henzinger; C.M. Kirsch; A. Pasetti; W. Pree
Multimodal analysis of body sensor network data streams for real-time healthcare
Fundamental advances in low power circuits, wireless communication, physiological sensor design, and multimedia stream processing, have led to the deployment of body sensor networks for the real-time monitoring of individual health in diverse settings. ... Keywords: body sensor networks, multi-modal analysis, sensor networks, systems and communications
Manoj K. Garg; Duk-Jin Kim; Deepak S. Turaga; Balakrishnan Prabhakaran
Real-time automatic license plate recognition for CCTV forensic applications
We propose an efficient real-time automatic license plate recognition (ALPR) framework, particularly designed to work on CCTV video footage obtained from cameras that are not dedicated to the use in ALPR. At present, in license plate detection, tracking ... Keywords: CCTV video footage, License plate recognition, Surveillance, Traffic monitoring, Video indexing
M. S. Sarfraz, A. Shahzad, Muhammad A. Elahi, M. Fraz, I. Zafar, E. A. Edirisinghe
gas. There has also been invented an apparatus for analyzing ambient air, other sample gas, or nebulized and desolvated liquids wherein a novel arrangement of plasma gas and...
Recent Developments in the Real-time Monitoring of Austenite ...
Analysis of Residence Time Distribution (RTD) of Fluid Flows in a Four Strand Delta-shaped Tundish Operating Under Isothermal and Non-isothermal�...
Steps to Establish a Real-Time Transmission Monitoring System...
and Western interconnections: a report to congress pursuant to section 1839 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005. Section 1839 of the Energy Policy Act of 2005 (EPAct 2005) directs the...
Real Time Monitoring of Self Assembled Monolayers Using ATR:...
implications for gas phase species. Less attention, however, has been given to the modification of aerosol surfaces during such reactions. Alteration of aerosol surface species...
Design of Coal Mine Monitoring and Controlling Configuration Software
Because of the limit of the domestic configuration software which is in the use of scrutinizing the coal mine, the ActiveX technique is discussed and the design of the safety of coal mine, which utilize the ActiveX technique, is actualized. The fig of ... Keywords: ActiveX, the safety surveillance, the database
An Weipeng; Li Miao
EIA releases energy infrastructure map with real-time ...
U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)
With peak hurricane season approaching, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) is introducing interactive maps that combine real-time data ...
Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Biofilm Development Print Scientists have developed a robust and label-free method to probe the chemical underpinnings of developing...
Adaptive Real-Time Methodology for Optimizing Energy-Efficient...
Email Adaptive Real-Time Methodology for Optimizing Energy-Efficient Computing Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is an effective way to reduce energy and power...
Method for real-time analysis of biosensor data
Disclosure Number 200501550 Technology Summary This invention is a method for real-time rapid analysis of data that is collected by biosensors or ...
Towards a High Quality Real-Time Graphics Pipeline.
??Modern graphics hardware pipelines create photorealistic images with high geometric complexity in real time. The quality is constantly improving and advanced techniques from feature film� (more)
Munkberg, Jacob
Vector Graphics for Real-time 3D Rendering.
??Algorithms are presented that enable the use of vector graphics representations of images in texture maps for 3D real time rendering. Vector graphics images are� (more)
Qin, Zheng
CA. November 15. Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI).with Real Time Pricing Electric Power Research Institute (Electric) 67 American Electric Power (Public Service
Real-Time Optimization Strategies for Building Systems
Jul 2, 2011 ... Abstract: We propose real-time optimization strategies for energy ... reductions of energy intensity compared with traditional strategies.
Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Real-Time Molecular Study...
Real-Time Molecular Study of Bystander Effects Using Imaging and Nano-Particle Optics Mohan Natarajan University of Texas Health Science Center Why this Project? To develop...
Software for the INKA tire-pressure monitoring system
The present status of the problem of monitoring the tire pressure of a moving automobile is examined, the block diagram of the INKA system is given, and a mathematical model of the monitoring process is presented. The results from a solution of the equations of the mathematical model and from full-scale tests are analyzed. An algorithm is given for evaluating the absolute values of the tire pressure. The results reported are of theoretical and practical importance.
Buznikov, S.E.
Real Time Flux Control in PM Motors
Significant research at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Power Electronics and Electric Machinery Research Center (PEEMRC) is being conducted to develop ways to increase (1) torque, (2) speed range, and (3) efficiency of traction electric motors for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) within existing current and voltage bounds. Current is limited by the inverter semiconductor devices' capability and voltage is limited by the stator wire insulation's ability to withstand the maximum back-electromotive force (emf), which occurs at the upper end of the speed range. One research track has been to explore ways to control the path and magnitude of magnetic flux while the motor is operating. The phrase, real time flux control (RTFC), refers to this mode of operation in which system parameters are changed while the motor is operating to improve its performance and speed range. RTFC has potential to meet an increased torque demand by introducing additional flux through the main air gap from an external source. It can augment the speed range by diverting flux away from the main air gap to reduce back-emf at high speeds. Conventional RTFC technology is known as vector control [1]. Vector control decomposes the stator current into two components; one that produces torque and a second that opposes (weakens) the magnetic field generated by the rotor, thereby requiring more overall stator current and reducing the efficiency. Efficiency can be improved by selecting a RTFC method that reduces the back-emf without increasing the average current. This favors methods that use pulse currents or very low currents to achieve field weakening. Foremost in ORNL's effort to develop flux control is the work of J. S. Hsu. Early research [2,3] introduced direct control of air-gap flux in permanent magnet (PM) machines and demonstrated it with a flux-controlled generator. The configuration eliminates the problem of demagnetization because it diverts all the flux from the magnets instead of trying to oppose it. It is robust and could be particularly useful for PM generators and electric vehicle drives. Recent efforts have introduced a brushless machine that transfers a magneto-motive force (MMF) generated by a stationary excitation coil to the rotor [4]. Although a conventional PM machine may be field weakened using vector control, the air-gap flux density cannot be effectively enhanced. In Hsu's new machine, the magnetic field generated by the rotor's PM may be augmented by the field from the stationery excitation coil and channeled with flux guides to its desired destination to enhance the air-gap flux that produces torque. The magnetic field can also be weakened by reversing the current in the stationary excitation winding. A patent for advanced technology in this area is pending. Several additional RTFC methods have been discussed in open literature. These include methods of changing the number of poles by magnetizing and demagnetizing the magnets poles with pulses of current corresponding to direct-axis (d-axis) current of vector control [5,6], changing the number of stator coils [7], and controlling the air gap [8]. Test experience has shown that the magnet strengths may vary and weaken naturally as rotor temperature increases suggesting that careful control of the rotor temperature, which is no easy task, could yield another method of RTFC. The purpose of this report is to (1) examine the interaction of rotor and stator flux with regard to RTFC, (2) review and summarize the status of RTFC technology, and (3) compare and evaluate methods for RTFC with respect to maturity, advantages and limitations, deployment difficulty and relative complexity.
Otaduy, P.J.
Analysis of Wind Generation System by Real-Time Simulation
Due to the demand of green energy, the number of wind turbines installed has been increased drastically worldwide. Comparing with the traditional utility generation systems, the dynamic characteristic and response of wind farms are totally different. ... Keywords: Doubly-fed induction generator, real-time simulation, PC cluster-based real-time simulator, wind farm
H. C. Su; G. W. Chang; H. M. Huang; K. K. Jen; G. C. Chung; G. Z. Wu
Detection and tracking of driver's hands in real time
In this paper a complete driver's hands detection and tracking system suitable for working in real time conditions has been developed. The proposed system has been successfully tested in close-real world conditions in different scenarios on a very realistic ... Keywords: automotive application, image processing, real time, tracking
Ra�l Crespo; Isaac Mart�n De Diego; Cristina Conde; Enrique Cabello
Real-time deformable models for surgery simulation: a survey
Simulating the behaviour of elastic objects in real time is one of the current objectives of computer graphics. One of its fields of application lies in virtual reality, mainly in surgery simulation systems. In computer graphics, the models used for ... Keywords: Animation, Deformable model, Elasticity, Real time, Surgery simulation
U. Meier; O. L�pez; C. Monserrat; M. C. Juan; M. Alca�iz
Real-time Remote Sensing of Snowmobiles Emissions at
Real-time Remote Sensing of Snowmobiles Emissions at Yellowstone National Park: An Oxygenated Fuel 68509 #12;Real-time Remote Sensing of Snowmobile Emissions at Yellowstone National Park 2 Executive Summary In the winter of 1999, the University of Denver conducted a remote sensing study at Yellowstone
Denver, University of
Neural Networks for Real-Time Traffic Signal Control
Real-time traffic signal control is an integral part of the urban traffic control system, and providing effective real-time traffic signal control for a large complex traffic network is an extremely challenging distributed control problem. This paper ... Keywords: Distributed control, hybrid model, neural control, online learning, traffic signal control
D. Srinivasan; Min Chee Choy; R. L. Cheu
Matching customer requests to service offerings in real-time
Classic request-response Service-oriented architecture (SOA) has reached a level of maturity where SOA inspired extensions are enabling new and creative domains like the Internet of Things, real-time business or real-time Web. These new domains impose ... Keywords: SOA, complex event processing, mediation, nonfunctional properties, service selection
Marcel Tilly; Stephan Reiff-Marganiec
MONOCULAR OPTICAL FLOW FOR REAL-TIME VISION SYSTEMS Stephen M. Benoit and Frank P. Ferrie TR-CIM-96 268510 FAX: 514 398-7348 Email: firstname.lastname@example.com #12;MONOCULAR OPTICAL FLOW FOR REAL-TIME VISION SYSTEMS
Dudek, Gregory
Real-Time Camera Planning for Navigation in Virtual Environments
In this work, we have developed a real-time camera control module for navigation in virtual environments. With this module, the tracking motion of a third-person camera can be generated automatically to allow a user to focus on the control of an avatar. ... Keywords: Budget-based Planning, Intelligent Cam-era Control, Probabilistic Roadmap, Real-Time Camera Planning
Tsai-Yen Li; Chung-Chiang Cheng
High-speed real-time multi-rate simulation
Recent research has focused on developing techniques that use digital signal processors (DSPs) and field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to support real-time simulation with frame times of a few microseconds or less. These techniques can be used ... Keywords: FPGA, distributed, high-speed, multi-rate, real-time
Roy Crosbie; Dale Word; John Zenor; Richard Bednar; Wilfred Ghonsalves; Narain Hingorani
A timeband framework for modelling real-time systems
Complex real-time systems must integrate physical processes with digital control, human operation and organisational structures. New scientific foundations are required for specifying, designing and implementing these systems. One key challenge is to ... Keywords: Cyber physical, Modelling, Real-time systems
Alan Burns; Ian J. Hayes
Real time intelligent process control system for thin film solar cell manufacturing
This project addresses the problem of lower solar conversion efficiency and waste in the typical solar cell manufacturing process. The work from the proposed development will lead toward developing a system which should be able to increase solar panel conversion efficiency by an additional 12-15% resulting in lower cost panels, increased solar technology adoption, reduced carbon emissions and reduced dependency on foreign oil. All solar cell manufacturing processes today suffer from manufacturing inefficiencies that currently lead to lower product quality and lower conversion efficiency, increased product cost and greater material and energy consumption. This results in slower solar energy adoption and extends the time solar cells will reach grid parity with traditional energy sources. The thin film solar panel manufacturers struggle on a daily basis with the problem of thin film thickness non-uniformity and other parameters variances over the deposited substrates, which significantly degrade their manufacturing yield and quality. Optical monitoring of the thin films during the process of the film deposition is widely perceived as a necessary step towards resolving the non-uniformity and non-homogeneity problem. In order to enable the development of an optical control system for solar cell manufacturing, a new type of low cost optical sensor is needed, able to acquire local information about the panel under deposition and measure its local characteristics, including the light scattering in very close proximity to the surface of the film. This information cannot be obtained by monitoring from outside the deposition chamber (as traditional monitoring systems do) due to the significant signal attenuation and loss of its scattering component before the reflected beam reaches the detector. In addition, it would be too costly to install traditional external in-situ monitoring systems to perform any real-time monitoring over large solar panels, since it would require significant equipment refurbishing needed for installation of multiple separate ellipsometric systems, and development of customized software to control all of them simultaneously. The proposed optical monitoring system comprises AccuStrata�s fiber optics sensors installed inside the thin film deposition equipment, a hardware module of different components (beyond the scope of this project) and our software program with iterative predicting capability able to control material bandgap and surface roughness as films are deposited. Our miniature fiber optics monitoring sensors are installed inside the vacuum chamber compartments in very close proximity where the independent layers are deposited (an option patented by us in 2003). The optical monitoring system measures two of the most important parameters of the photovoltaic thin films during deposition on a moving solar panel - material bandgap and surface roughness. In this program each sensor array consists of two fiber optics sensors monitoring two independent areas of the panel under deposition. Based on the monitored parameters and their change in time and from position to position on the panel, the system is able to provide to the equipment operator immediate information about the thin films as they are deposited. This DoE Supply Chain program is considered the first step towards the development of intelligent optical control system capable of dynamically adjusting the manufacturing process �on-the-fly� in order to achieve better performance. The proposed system will improve the thin film solar cell manufacturing by improving the quality of the individual solar cells and will allow for the manufacturing of more consistent and uniform products resulting in higher solar conversion efficiency and manufacturing yield. It will have a significant impact on the multibillion-dollar thin film solar market. We estimate that the financial impact of these improvements if adopted by only 10% of the industry ($7.7 Billion) would result in about $1.5 Billion in savings by 2015 (at the assumed 20% improvement). This can b
George Atanasoff
All solar cell manufacturing processes today suffer from manufacturing inefficiencies that currently lead to lower product quality and lower conversion efficiency, increased product cost and greater material and energy consumption. This results in slower solar energy adoption and extends the time solar cells will reach grid parity with traditional energy sources. The thin film solar panel manufacturers struggle on a daily basis with the problem of thin film thickness non-uniformity and other parameters variances over the deposited substrates, which significantly degrade their manufacturing yield and quality. Optical monitoring of the thin films during the process of the film deposition is widely perceived as a necessary step towards resolving the non-uniformity and non-homogeneity problem. In order to enable the development of an optical control system for solar cell manufacturing, a new type of low cost optical sensor is needed, able to acquire local information about the panel under deposition and measure its local characteristics, including the light scattering in very close proximity to the surface of the film. This information cannot be obtained by monitoring from outside the deposition chamber (as traditional monitoring systems do) due to the significant signal attenuation and loss of its scattering component before the reflected beam reaches the detector. In addition, it would be too costly to install traditional external in-situ monitoring systems to perform any real-time monitoring over large solar panels, since it would require significant equipment refurbishing needed for installation of multiple separate ellipsometric systems, and development of customized software to control all of them simultaneously. The proposed optical monitoring system comprises AccuStrata�s fiber optics sensors installed inside the thin film deposition equipment, a hardware module of different components (beyond the scope of this project) and our software program with iterative predicting capability able to control material bandgap and surface roughness as films are deposited. Our miniature fiber optics monitoring sensors are installed inside the vacuum chamber compartments in very close proximity where the independent layers are deposited (an option patented by us in 2003). The optical monitoring system measures two of the most important parameters of the photovoltaic thin films during deposition on a moving solar panel - material bandgap and surface roughness. In this program each sensor array consists of two fiber optics sensors monitoring two independent areas of the panel under deposition. Based on the monitored parameters and their change in time and from position to position on the panel, the system is able to provide to the equipment operator immediate information about the thin films as they are deposited. This DoE Supply Chain program is considered the first step towards the development of intelligent optical control system capable of dynamically adjusting the manufacturing process �on-the-fly� in order to achieve better performance. The proposed system will improve the thin film solar cell manufacturing by improving the quality of the individual solar cells and will allow for the manufacturing of more consistent and uniform products resulting in higher solar conversion efficiency and manufacturing yield. It will have a significant impact on the multibillion-dollar thin film solar market. We estimate that the financial impact of these improvements if adopted by only 10% of the industry ($7.7 Billion) would result in about $1.5 Billion in savings by 2015 (at the assumed 20% improvement). This can b
Data Analysis for Real Time Identification of Grid Disruptions
The U.S. electric power system comprises multiple distinct interconnections of generators, high voltage transmission systems, and local distribution systems that maintain a continuous balance between generation and load with impressive levels of efficiency and reliability. This critical infrastructure has served the nation remarkably well, but is likely to see more changes over the next decade than it has seen over the past century. In particular, the widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart-grid controls, energy storage, and new conducting materials will require fundamental changes in grid planning and the way we run the power grid. Two challenges in the realization of the smart grid technology are the ability to visualize the deluge of expected data streams for global situational awareness; as well as the ability to detect disruptive and classify such events from spatially-distributed high-speed power system frequency measurements. One element of smart grid technology is the installation of a wide-area frequency measurement system on the electric poles in the streets for conditions monitoring of the distribution lines. This would provide frequency measurements about the status of the electric grid and possible information about impending problems before they start compounding and cascading. The ability to monitor the distribution lines is just one facet of proposed smart grid technology. Other elements include the installation of advanced devices such as smart meters, the automation of transmission lines, the integration of renewable energy technologies such as solar and wind, and the advancement of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle technology. This chapter describes recent advancements in the area of intelligent data analysis for real time detection of disruptive events from power system frequency data collected using an existing internet-based frequency monitoring network (FNET), which is a precursor for future smart-grid systems.
Chandola, Varun [ORNL; Omitaomu, Olufemi A [ORNL; Fernandez, Steven J [ORNL
A framework for simulation-based real-time whole building performance
A framework for simulation-based real-time whole building performance A framework for simulation-based real-time whole building performance assessment Title A framework for simulation-based real-time whole building performance assessment Publication Type Journal Article Refereed Designation Unknown LBNL Report Number 0360-1323 Year of Publication 2012 Authors Pang, Xiufeng, Michael Wetter, Prajesh Bhattacharya, and Philip Haves Journal Building and Environment Volume 54 Start Page 100 Pagination 100-108 Date Published 08/2012 ISSN 0360-1323 Keywords building controls virtual test bed, building performance, energy modeling, energyplus, real-time building simulation Abstract Most commercial buildings do not perform as well in practice as intended by the design and their performances often deteriorate over time. Reasons include faulty construction, malfunctioning equipment, incorrectly configured control systems and inappropriate operating procedures. One approach to addressing this problems is to compare the predictions of an energy simulation model of the building to the measured performance and analyze significant differences to infer the presence and location of faults. This paper presents a framework that allows a comparison of building actual performance and expected performance in real time. The realization of the framework utilized the EnergyPlus, the Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) and the Energy Management and Control System (EMCS) was developed. An EnergyPlus model that represents expected performance of a building runs in real time and reports the predicted building performance at each time step. The BCVTB is used as the software platform to acquire relevant inputs from the EMCS through a BACnet interface and send them to the EnergyPlus and to a database for archiving. A proof-of-concept demonstration is also presented.
Multifunctional Nanowire/Film Composites-Based Bimodular Sensors for In Situ, Real-Time High Temperature Gas Detection
Multifunctional Nanowire/Film Multifunctional Nanowire/Film Composites-Based Bimodular Sensors for In Situ, Real-Time High Temperature Gas Detection Background Real time monitoring of combustion gas composition is important for improving the efficiency of combustion processes and reducing the emission of pollutants. However, such measurement usually requires sensors to be operated at high temperatures in harsh environments. Currently, commercially available sensor technology capable of withstanding such harsh environments is extremely
Real-time chemical analysis of aerosol particles
An important aspect of environmental atmospheric monitoring requires the characterization of airborne microparticles and aerosols. Unfortunately, traditional sample collection and handling techniques are prone to contamination and interference effects that can render an analysis invalid. These problems can be avoided by using real-time atmospheric sampling techniques followed by immediate mass spectrometric analysis. The former is achieved in these experiments via a two state differential pumping scheme that is attached directly to a commercially available quadruple ion trap mass spectrometer. Particles produced by an external particle generator enter the apparatus and immediately pass through two cw laser/fiberoptic based detectors positioned two centimeters apart. Timing electronics measure the time between detection events, estimate the particles arrival in the center of the ion trap and control the firing of a YAG laser. Ions produced when the UV laser light ablates the particle`s surface are stored by the ion trap for mass analysis. Ion trap mass spectrometers have several advantages over conventional time-of-flight instruments. First, they are capable of MS/MS analysis by the collisional dissociation of a stored species, This permits complete chemical characterization of airborne samples. Second, ion traps are small and lend themselves to portable, field oriented applications.
Yang, M.; Whitten, W.B.; Ramsey, J.M.
RTJBench: A RealTime Java Benchmarking Framework
Abstract. The paper gives an overview of RTJBench, a framework designed to assist in the task of benchmarking programs written in the Real-Time Specification for Java, but with potentially more general applicability. RTJBench extends the JUnit framework for unit testing of Java applications with tools for real-time environment configuration, simple data processing and configurable graphical presentation services. We present design principles of RTJBench and give an example of a benchmarking suite we have been using for daily regression benchmarking of the Open Virtual Machine. Keywords: Benchmarking, regression benchmarking, Real-Time Specification for Java
Marek Prochazka; Andrey Madan; Jan Vitek; Wenchang Liu
Harmonizing Melodies in Real-Time: the Connectionist Approach
We describe a sequential neural network for harmonizing melodies in real time. It models aspects of human cognition. This neural network succeeds reasonably well, if we take into consideration the constraints imposed by real time processing. The model exploits efficiently the available sequential information. The net contains a sub-net for meter that produces a periodic index of meter, providing the needed metric awareness. The net learns the relations between important notes of the melody and their harmonies and is able to produce harmonies for new melodies in real time, i.e., without knowledge of the future development of the melody.
Dan Gang; Daniel Lehmann; Naftali Wagner
List Processing in Real Time on a Serial Computer
A real-time list processing system is one in which the time required by each elementary list operation (CONS, CAR, CDR, RPLACA, RPLACD, EQ, and ATOM in LISP) is bounded by a (small) constant. Classical list processing ...
Baker, Henry G. Jr.
Towards Near Real-Time Availability With Enhanced Accuracy Turbo...
Turbo" ARSCL Towards Near Real-Time Availability With Enhanced Accuracy Turbo-ARSCL Project The goal is to speed delivery of the widely-used ARSCL product while improving the...
New Real-Time Quantum Efficiency Measurement System: Preprint
This paper describes a newly developed technique for measuring the quantum eficiiency in solar cells in real-time using a unique, electronically controlled, full-spectrum light source.
Young, D. L.; Egaas, B.; Pinegar, S.; Stradins, P.
Decoupled Sampling for Real-Time Graphics Pipelines
We propose decoupled sampling, an approach that decouples shading from visibility sampling in order to enable motion blur and depth-of-field at reduced cost. More generally, it enables extensions of modern real-time graphics ...
Ragan-Kelley, Jonathan
Real-time energy management control for hybrid electric powertrains
This paper focuses on embedded control of a hybrid powertrain concepts for mobile vehicle applications. Optimal robust control approach is used to develop a real-time energy management strategy. The main idea is to store the normally wasted mechanical ...
Mohamed Zaher, Sabri Cetinkunt
Real-Time ALARA Plan Tracking Tool: Phase 1
The primary objective of this project was to develop a generic industry template for tracking and trending live, Real Time (RT) exposure data by task and RWP (Radiation Work Permit).
Event Order Abstraction for Parametric Real-Time System Verification
We present a new abstraction technique, event order abstraction (EOA), for parametric safety verification of real-time systems in which ``correct orderings of events'' needed for system correctness are maintained by timing ...
Umeno, Shinya
Management of real-time streaming data grid services
We discuss the architectural and management support for real time data stream applications, both in terms of lower level messaging and higher level service, filter and session structures. In our approach, messaging systems act as a Grid substrate that ...
Geoffrey Fox; Galip Aydin; Harshawardhan Gadgil; Shrideep Pallickara; Marlon Pierce; Wenjun Wu
Exploiting temporal coherence in real-time rendering
Temporal coherence (TC), the correlation of contents between adjacent rendered frames, exists across a wide range of scenes and motion types in practical real-time rendering. By taking advantage of TC, we can save redundant computation and improve ...
Daniel Scherzer; Lei Yang; Oliver Mattausch
Real-time Java has become already real
Enhanced complexity of the designed real-time computer systems requires that the developers seek for efficient methods and tools to solve the posed problems. The most obvious and simple approach is to employ technologies that have demonstrated their ...
S. N. Zyl'
MJO Initiation in the Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index
Madden�Julian oscillation (MJO) initiation in the real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index is explored through an analysis of observed case studies and composite events. Specific examples illustrate that both the dates of MJO initiation and the ...
Katherine H. Straub
and access to hourly energy usage data .. 26access to their hourly energy usage data on a real-time orfor Access to hourly energy usage data on a real- price
Real-time analog acquisition of electrophysiological signals with Soma
Soma is a high-density recording system for real-time acquisition and analysis of extracellular electrophysiological signals. Here I describe the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Soma Acquisition Board, an ...
Jonas, Eric Michael
The 8 requirements of real-time stream processing
Applications that require real-time processing of high-volume data steams are pushing the limits of traditional data processing infrastructures. These stream-based applications include market feed processing and electronic trading on Wall Street, network ...
Michael Stonebraker; U?ur �etintemel; Stan Zdonik
Definition: Real-Time Load Measurement And Management | Open Energy
Management Management Jump to: navigation, search Dictionary.png Real-Time Load Measurement And Management This function provides real-time measurement of customer consumption and management of load through Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) systems (smart meters, two-way communications) and embedded appliance controllers that help customers make informed energy use decisions via real-time price signals, time-of-use (TOU) rates, and service options.[1] Related Terms advanced metering infrastructure, time-of-use pricing, smart grid References ↑ SmartGrid.gov 'Description of Functions' An in LikeLike UnlikeLike You like this.Sign Up to see what your friends like. line Glossary Definition Retrieved from "http://en.openei.org/w/index.php?title=Definition:Real-Time_Load_Measurement_And_Management&oldid=493115
JSATS Decoder Software Manual
The Juvenile Salmon Acoustic Telemetry System (JSATS) Decoder is a software application that converts a digitized acoustic signal (a waveform stored in the .bwm file format) into a list of potential JSATS Acoustic MicroTransmitter (AMT) tagcodes along with other data about the signal including time of arrival and signal to noise ratios (SNR). This software is capable of decoding single files, directories, and viewing raw acoustic waveforms. When coupled with the JSATS Detector, the Decoder is capable of decoding in �real-time� and can also provide statistical information about acoustic beacons placed within receive range of hydrophones within a JSATS array. This document details the features and functionality of the software. The document begins with software installation instructions (section 2), followed in order by instructions for decoder setup (section 3), decoding process initiation (section 4), then monitoring of beacons (section 5) using real-time decoding features. The last section in the manual describes the beacon, beacon statistics, and the results file formats. This document does not consider the raw binary waveform file format.
Flory, Adam E.; Lamarche, Brian L.; Weiland, Mark A.
Real-Time Grid Reliability Management PIER Final Project Report
Real-Time Grid Reliability Management PIER Final Project Report Real-Time Grid Reliability Management PIER Final Project Report Title Real-Time Grid Reliability Management PIER Final Project Report Publication Type Report Year of Publication 2008 Authors Eto, Joseph H., Manu Parashar, Bernard C. Lesieutre, and Nancy J. Lewis Pagination 62 Date Published 12/2008 Publisher LBNL City Berkeley Keywords consortium for electric reliability technology solutions (certs), energy analysis and environmental impacts department Abstract The increased need to manage California's electricity grid in real time is a result of the ongoing transition from a system operated by vertically integrated utilities serving native loads to one operated by an independent system operator supporting competitive energy markets. During this transition period, the traditional approach to reliability management - construction of new transmission lines - has not been pursued due to unresolved issues related to the financing and recovery of transmission project costs. In the absence of investments in new transmission infrastructure, the best strategy for managing reliability is to equip system operators with better real-time information about actual operating margins so that they can better understand and manage the risk of operating closer to the edge. A companion strategy is to address known deficiencies in offline modeling tools that are needed to ground the use of improved real-time tools.
The family of standard hydrogen monitoring system computer software design description: Revision 2
In March 1990, 23 waste tanks at the Hanford Nuclear Reservation were identified as having the potential for the buildup of gas to a flammable or explosive level. As a result of the potential for hydrogen gas buildup, a project was initiated to design a standard hydrogen monitoring system (SHMS) for use at any waste tank to analyze gas samples for hydrogen content. Since it was originally deployed three years ago, two variations of the original system have been developed: the SHMS-B and SHMS-C. All three are currently in operation at the tank farms and will be discussed in this document. To avoid confusion in this document, when a feature is common to all three of the SHMS variants, it will be referred to as ``The family of SHMS.`` When it is specific to only one or two, they will be identified. The purpose of this computer software design document is to provide the following: the computer software requirements specification that documents the essential requirements of the computer software and its external interfaces; the computer software design description; the computer software user documentation for using and maintaining the computer software and any dedicated hardware; and the requirements for computer software design verification and validation.
Bender, R.M.
Evaluation of Methodologies for Real-Time Incremental Heat Rate Determination
Reduced staffing, tighter budgets, ISOs, and increased competition have created the need for maintaining up-to-date incremental heat rate information. Combining recent advances in analytics with modern performance monitoring packages and data historians may provide the capability for closer-to-real-time incremental heat rate determination. Many power generating companies either rely on historic data or slow and labor intensive testing to establish incremental heat rate curves. Those curves are ...
Computational Modeling and Real-Time Control of Patient-Specific Laser Treatment of Cancer
Abstract�An adaptive feedback control system is presented which employs a computational model of bioheat transfer in living tissue to guide, in real-time, laser treatments of prostate cancer monitored by magnetic resonance thermal imaging. The system is built on what can be referred to as cyberinfrastructure�a complex structure of high-speed network, large-scale parallel computing devices, laser optics, imaging, visualizations, inverse-analysis algorithms, mesh generation, and control systems that guide laser therapy to optimally control the ablation of cancerous tissue. The computational system has been successfully tested on in vivo, canine prostate. Over the course of an 18 min laser-induced thermal therapy performed at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) in Houston, Texas, the computational models were calibrated to intra-operative real-time thermal imaging treatment data and the calibrated models controlled the bioheat transfer to within 5 �C of the predetermined treatment plan. The computational arena is in Austin, Texas and managed at the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences (ICES). The system is designed to control the bioheat transfer remotely while simultaneously providing real-time remote visualization of the on-going treatment. Post-operative histology of the canine prostate reveal that the damage region was within the targeted 1.2 cm diameter treatment objective. Keywords�Hyperthermia, Real-time computing, Medical imaging, Cancer treatment, Cyberinfrastructure, PDE
unknown authors
The application of formal software engineering methods to the unattended and remote monitoring software suite at Los Alamos National Laboratory
The Unattended and Remote Monitoring (UNARM) system is a collection of specialized hardware and software used by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) to institute nuclear safeguards at many nuclear facilities around the world. The hardware consists of detectors, instruments, and networked computers for acquiring various forms of data, including but not limited to radiation data, global position coordinates, camera images, isotopic data, and operator declarations. The software provides two primary functions: the secure and reliable collection of this data from the instruments and the ability to perform an integrated review and analysis of the disparate data sources. Several years ago the team responsible for maintaining the software portion of the UNARM system began the process of formalizing its operations. These formal operations include a configuration management system, a change control board, an issue tracking system, and extensive formal testing, for both functionality and reliability. Functionality is tested with formal test cases chosen to fully represent the data types and methods of analysis that will be commonly encountered. Reliability is tested with iterative, concurrent testing where up to five analyses are executed simultaneously for thousands of cycles. Iterative concurrent testing helps ensure that there are no resource conflicts or leaks when multiple system components are in use simultaneously. The goal of this work is to provide a high quality, reliable product, commensurate with the criticality of the application. Testing results will be presented that demonstrate that this goal has been achieved and the impact of the introduction of a formal software engineering framework to the UNARM product will be presented.
Determan, John Clifford [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Longo, Joseph F [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Michel, Kelly D [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Real-time geo-registration of imagery using COTS graphics processors
A method of performing real-time geo-registration of high-resolution digital imagery using existing graphics processing units (GPUs) already found in current personal computers, rather than the main central processing unit (CPU). Digital image data captured by a camera (along with inertial navigation system (INS) data associated with the image data) is transferred to and processed by the GPU to perform the calculations involved in transforming the captured image into a geo-rectified, nadir-looking image. By using the GPU, the order-of-magnitude increase in throughput over conventional software techniques makes real-time geo-registration possible without the significant cost of custom hardware solutions.
Flath, Laurence M. (Livermore, CA); Kartz, Michael W. (Tracy, CA)
Low Dose Radiation Research Program: Research Highlights - Real-time
Real-time imaging of repair processes possible with Nickel-63 Real-time imaging of repair processes possible with Nickel-63 microirradiator Microscope Microscope stage-mounted microirradiation system. (A) Overall system shown mounted on a micromanipulator housed within a heated, humidified, environmental chamber of a microscope. (B) Close-up showing attachment of device to the micromanipulator. (C) Detail showing the bend in the enclosing capillary, which allows positioning of the active surface directly above the target cell. (D) Microirradiator tip in dissecting microscope. (E) Close-up view through microscope optics (scale bar, 10 microns.) Background: Scientists know that mammalian cells begin a nucleoplasmic repair process within seconds after being exposed to ionizing radiation. Real-time imaging of this process could further understanding of the
Flash Memory Garbage Collection in Hard Real-Time Systems
Due to advances in capacity, speed, and economics, NAND-based flash memory technology is increasingly integrated into all types of computing systems, ranging from enterprise servers to embedded devices. However, due to its unpredictable up-date behavior and time consuming garbage collection mechanism, NAND-based flash memory is difficult to integrate into hard-real-time embedded systems. In this thesis, I propose a performance model for flash memory garbage collection that can be used in conjunction with a number of different garbage collection strategies. I describe how to model the cost of reactive (lazy) garbage collection and compare it to that of more proactive schemes. I develop formulas to assess the schedulability of hard real- time periodic task sets under simplified memory consumption models. Results show that I prove the proactive schemes achieve the larger maximum schedulable utilization than the traditional garbage collection mechanism for hard real-time systems in flash memory.
Lai, Chien-An
Precomputed local radiance transfer for real-time lighting design
This paper introduces a new method for real-time relighting of scenes illuminated by local light sources. We extend previous work on precomputed radiance transfer for distant lighting to local lighting by introducing the concept of unstructured light clouds. The unstructured light cloud enables a compact representation of local lights in the model and real-time rendering of complex models with full global illumination due to local light sources. We use simplification of lights, and clustered PCA to obtain a compressed representation. When storing only the indirect component of the illumination, we are able to get high quality with only 8� 16 lighting coefficients per vertex. Our results demonstrate real-time rendering of scenes with moving lights, dynamic cameras, glossy materials and global illumination.
Anders Wang Kristensen
A Simplification of a Real-Time Verification Problem
We revisit the problem of real-time verification with dense dynamics using timeout and calendar based models and simplify this to a finite state verification problem. To overcome the complexity of verification of real-time systems with dense dynamics, Dutertre and Sorea, proposed timeout and calender based transition systems to model the behavior of real-time systems and verified safety properties using k-induction in association with bounded model checking. In this work, we introduce a specification formalism for these models in terms of Timeout Transition Diagrams and capture their behavior in terms of semantics of Timed Transition Systems. Further, we discuss a technique, which reduces the problem of verification of qualitative temporal properties on infinite state space of (a large fragment of) these timeout and calender based transition systems into that on clockless finite state models through a two-step process comprising of digitization and canonical finitary reduction. This technique enables us to ve...
Saha, Indranil; Roy, Suman; 10.1007/978-3-540-75596-8_21
Java Automation Controller and Real-Time Systems
Java Automation Controller and Real-Time Systems Java Automation Controller and Real-Time Systems Speaker(s): Greg Bollella Date: June 29, 2009 - 12:00pm Location: 90-3122 Java has always been a disruptive technology and now it is breaking the mold in industrial, process, building, and transportation automation systems. For many years, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), the digital versions of old relay-based control systems (such as that used in the NYC Subway system in the late 1800s) have primarily controlled these systems. PLCs are the workhorses of the controls industry but the market is characterized by proprietary, closed, expensive, special-purpose solutions. A Java-based automation controller breaks the mold by allowing control algorithms, which require strict real-time capabilities, to run on
Evaluation of Concurrency Control Strategies for Mixed Soft Real-Time Database Systems
1 Evaluation of Concurrency Control Strategies for Mixed Soft Real-Time Database Systems Kam of the miss rate of soft real-time transactions. Although many new database applications have significant soft real-time database systems (MSRTDBS), in which both non-real-time and soft real-time transactions
Cheng, Reynold Cheng Chun
Toward Real Time Data Analysis for Smart Grids
This paper describes the architecture and design of a novel system for supporting large-scale real-time data analysis for future power grid systems. The widespread deployment of renewable generation, smart grid controls, energy storage, plug-in hybrids, and new conducting materials will require fundamental changes in the operational concepts and principal components of the grid. As a result, the whole system becomes highly dynamic and requires constant adjusting based on real time data. Even though millions of sensors such as phase measurement units (PMU) and smart meters are being widely deployed, a data layer that can analyze this amount of data in real time is needed. Unlike the data fabric in other cloud services, the data layer for smart grids has some unique design requirements. First, this layer must provide real time guarantees. Second, this layer must be scalable to allow a large number of applications to access the data from millions of sensors in real time. Third, reliability is critical and this layer must be able to continue to provide service in face of failures. Fourth, this layer must be secure. We address these challenges though a scalable system architecture that integrates the I/O and data processing capability in a devise set of devices. Data process operations can be placed anywhere from sensors, data storage devices, to control centers. We further employ compression to improve performance. We design a lightweight compression customized for power grid data. Our system can reduce end-to-end response time by reduce I/O overhead through compression and overlap compression operations with I/O. The initial prototype of our system was demonstrated with several use cases from PNNL�s FPGI and show that our system can provide real time guarantees to a diverse set of applications.
Yin, Jian; Gorton, Ian; Sharma, Poorva
Handheld portable real-time tracking and communications device
Portable handheld real-time tracking and communications devices include; a controller module, communications module including global positioning and mesh network radio module, data transfer and storage module, and a user interface module enclosed in a water-resistant enclosure. Real-time tracking and communications devices can be used by protective force, security and first responder personnel to provide situational awareness allowing for enhance coordination and effectiveness in rapid response situations. Such devices communicate to other authorized devices via mobile ad-hoc wireless networks, and do not require fixed infrastructure for their operation.
Wiseman, James M. (Albuquerque, NM); Riblett, Jr., Loren E. (Edgewood, NM); Green, Karl L. (Albuquerque, NM); Hunter, John A. (Albuquerque, NM); Cook, III, Robert N. (Rio Rancho, NM); Stevens, James R. (Arlington, VA)
Integration of Real-Time Data Into Building Automation Systems
The project goal was to investigate the possibility of using predictive real-time information from the Internet as an input to building management system algorithms. The objectives were to identify the types of information most valuable to commercial and residential building owners, managers, and system designers. To comprehensively investigate and document currently available electronic real-time information suitable for use in building management systems. Verify the reliability of the information and recommend accreditation methods for data and providers. Assess methodologies to automatically retrieve and utilize the information. Characterize equipment required to implement automated integration. Demonstrate the feasibility and benefits of using the information in building management systems. Identify evolutionary control strategies.
Mark J. Stunder; Perry Sebastian; Brenda A. Chube; Michael D. Koontz
A Novel comprehensive method for real time Video Motion Detection Surveillance
This article describes a comprehensive system for surveillance and monitoring applications. The development of an efficient real time video motion detection system is motivated by their potential for deployment in the areas where security is the main concern. The paper presents a platform for real time video motion detection and subsequent generation of an alarm condition as set by the parameters of the control system. The prototype consists of a mobile platform mounted with RF camera which provides continuous feedback of the environment. The received visual information is then analyzed by user for appropriate control action, thus enabling the user to operate the system from a remote location. The system is also equipped with the ability to process the image of an object and generate control signals which are automatically transmitted to the mobile platform to track the object.
Mishra, Sumita
Software screen captures and equations Software screen captures and equations Software Software developed by EETD researchers for energy-efficient buildings, and electricity grid. Download free or for a nominal licensing fee. EETD scientists develop software to help design more energy-efficient buildings, audit energy use in buildings, examine the economics of sustainable projects, and model components of building systems. Most EETD software and documentation is available for download and public use. Building Controls Virtual Test Bed The Building Controls Virtual Test Bed (BCVTB) is a software environment that allows expert users to couple different simulation programs for co-simulation, and to couple simulation programs with actual hardware. Version Download Supported? Website 1.1.0 Yes BCVTB
Dynamic I/O Power Management for Hard Real-time Systems
Power consumption is an important design parameter for embedded and portable systems. Software-controlled (or dynamic) power management (DPM) has recently emerged as an attractive alternative to inflexible hardware solutions. DPM for hard real-time systems has received relatively little attention. In particular, energy-driven I/O device scheduling for real-time systems has not been considered before. We present the first online DPM algorithm, which we call Low Energy Device Scheduler (LEDES), for hard realtime systems. LEDES takes as inputs a predetermined task schedule and a device-usage list for each task and it generates a sequence of sleep/working states for each device. It guarantees that real-time constraints are not violated and it also minimizes the energy consumed by the I/O devices used by the task set. LEDES is energy-optimal under the constraint that the start times of the tasks are fixed. We present a case study to show that LEDES can reduce energy consumption by almost 50%. 1
Vishnu Swaminathan; Krishnendu Chakrabarty; S. S. Iyengar
Development plan for an advanced drilling system with real-time diagnostics (Diagnostics-While-Drilling)
This proposal provides the rationale for an advanced system called Diagnostics-while-drilling (DWD) and describes its benefits, preliminary configuration, and essential characteristics. The central concept is a closed data circuit in which downhole sensors collect information and send it to the surface via a high-speed data link, where it is combined with surface measurements and processed through drilling advisory software. The driller then uses this information to adjust the drilling process, sending control signals back downhole with real-time knowledge of their effects on performance. The report presents background of related previous work, and defines a Program Plan for US Department of Energy (DOE), university, and industry cooperation.
A Proposal for an Advanced Drilling System with Real-Time Diagnostics (Diagnostics-While-Drilling)
In this paper, we summarize the rationale for an advanced system called Diagnostics-While-Drilling (DWD) and describe its benefits, preliminary configuration, and essential characteristics. The central concept is a closed data circuit in which downhole sensors collect information and send it to the surface via a high-speed data link, where it is combined with surface measurements and processed through drilling advisory software. The driller then uses this information to adjust the drilling process, sending control signals back downhole with real-time knowledge of their effects on performance. We outline a Program Plan for DOE, university, and industry to cooperate in the development of DWD technology.
Finger, J.T.; Mansure, A.J.; Prairie, M.R.
Detection and quantitation of HPV in genital and oral tissues and fluids by real time PCR
oral tissues and fluids by real time PCR. Virology Journalsamples by a real-time PCR- based system. J Virol MethodsMolecular beacon-based real-time PCR method for detection of
Is Real-Time Pricing Green?: The Environmental Impacts of Electricity Demand Variance
for responding to real-time prices. 3 Recently someof RTP. the higher real-time price, each would use lessretail price, p . For real-time prices below the ?at price,
Holland, Stephen P.; Mansur, Erin T.
Residential Customer Response to Real-time Pricing: The Anaheim Critical Peak Pricing Experiment
to reduce the day-ahead or real-time price in the Californiaon day- ahead and real-time prices, particularly duringday-ahead and real-time wholesale prices. Declaring a CPP
Wolak, Frank A.
Wealth Transfers Among Large Customers from Implementing Real-Time Retail Electricity Pricing
who are charged real-time prices. I discuss the politicalor loss relative to the real-time price that obtains in eachits expected demand at the real-time price. Throughout this
Customer Risk from Real-Time Retail Electricity Pricing: Bill Volatility and Hedgability
then pay/receive the real- time price for deviations fromI assume that the retail real-time prices customers face arewould likely dampen real-time price volatility and the
RTZen: Highly Predictable, Real-time Java Middleware for Distributed and Embedded Systems
Real-Time Speci?cation for Java. Addison-Wesley (2000) 8.Vitek, J. : Real-time java scoped memory: Design patternsof the jRate Real-Time Java Implementation. In Meersman,
Raman, Krishna; Zhang, Yue; Panahi, Mark; Colmenares, Juan A; Klefstad, Raymond; Harmon, Trevor
Configurable model for real-time crane erection visualization
Detailed simulation and visualization of crane activities have been recently introduced to help engineers identify potential problems with critical erection tasks; however, the development of real-time erection visualizations for different types of cranes ... Keywords: Cooperative, Crane, Erection, Multibody, Physics Engine, Simulation, Visualization
Wei-Han Hung, Shih-Chung Kang
Real-time locomotion control by sensing gloves: Research Articles
Sensing gloves are often used as an input device for virtual 3D games. We propose a new method to control characters such as humans or animals in real-time by using sensing gloves. Based on existing motion data of the body, a new method to map the hand ... Keywords: 3D game, 3D user interface, Computer puppetry, Sensing glove
Taku Komura; Wai-Chun Lam
Scalable real time data management for smart grid
This paper presents GridMW, a scalable and reliable data middleware layer for smart grids. Smart grids promise to improve the efficiency of power grid systems and reduce green house emissions through incorporating power generation from renewable sources ... Keywords: data management middleware, efficiency, near real time, performance, smart grids
Jian Yin; Anand Kulkarni; Sumit Purohit; Ian Gorton; Bora Akyol
Constraint Orientated Specification with CSP and Real Time Temporal Logic
Constraint Orientated Specification with CSP and Real Time Temporal Logic Justin Pearson Department Processes (CSP) [Hoa85] and a version of Propositional Temporal Logic (PTL), derived from [Eme90]. CSP. The behaviour of a CSP process is dependent on its environment; it is therefore difficult to assert global
Kent, University of
Concurrent and Real Time Systems: the CSP approach Steve Schneider
Concurrent and Real Time Systems: the CSP approach by Steve Schneider First published 1999 Systems the CSP approach Steve Schneider A Wiley-Interscience Publication JOHN WILEY & SONS, INC. New York Whitehead This book provides an introduction to Communicating Sequential Processes (CSP) and its use
Doran, Simon J.
Active learning for real-time motion controllers
This paper describes an approach to building real-time highly-controllable characters. A kinematic character controller is built on-the-fly during a capture session, and updated after each new motion clip is acquired. Active learning is used to identify ... Keywords: active learning, human motion, motion capture
Seth Cooper; Aaron Hertzmann; Zoran Popovi?
ADWICE � anomaly detection with real-time incremental clustering
Anomaly detection, detection of deviations from what is considered normal, is an important complement to misuse detection based on attack signatures. Anomaly detection in real-time places hard requirements on the algorithms used, making many proposed ... Keywords: adaptability, anomaly detection, clustering, intrusion detection, realtime
Kalle Burbeck; Simin Nadjm-Tehrani
Our analysis indicates that it is possible to obtain energy savings of more than ... This information can be used to compute economic-optimal set-point ... This ability is key in reducing the exposure of buildings to real-time market volatility and.
A real-time, multimodal, and dimensional affect recognition system
This study focuses on the development of a real-time automatic affect recognition system. It adapts a multimodal approach, where affect information taken from two modalities are combined to arrive at an emotion label that is represented in a valence-arousal ... Keywords: dimensional labels, emotion models, multimodal, regression
Nicole Nielsen Lee; Jocelynn Cu; Merlin Teodosia Suarez
TOWARDS REAL-TIME GENERATION SCHEDULING IN MICROGRIDS WITH PERFORMANCE GUARANTEE LIAN LU, JINLONG TU, CHI-KIN CHAU, MINGHUA CHEN, ZHAO XU AND XIAOJUN LIN INTRODUCTION Microgrid is an emerging- generation improves generation efficiency by 2-3x. A key problem in microgrid operations is how to schedule
Zhang, Junshan
and HVAC operations. A real-time optimization program suchHVAC IES ISO-NE LBNL MILP NOx NP NRC NREL OLS P&DC PJM PUCT PURPA PV RETScreen RReDC Hybrid OptimizationHVAC equipment and other building energy equipment. This research is similar to the IES dispatch optimization
Real-time SPECT and 2D ultrasound image registration
In this paper we present a technique for fully automatic, real-time 3D SPECT (Single Photon Emitting Computed Tomography) and 2D ultrasound image registration. We use this technique in the context of kidney lesion diagnosis. Our registration algorithm ...
Marek Bucki; Fabrice Chassat; Francisco Galdames; Takeshi Asahi; Daniel Pizarro; Gabriel Lobo
Statistical Characteristics of a Real-Time Precipitation Forecasting Model
At Colorado State University the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) has been used to produce real-time forecasts of precipitation for the Colorado mountain region since 1991. Originally a so-called dump-bucket scheme was used to generate ...
Brian Gaudet; William R. Cotton
Evaluating transport coefficients in real time thermal field theory
Transport coefficients in a hadronic gas have been calculated earlier in the imaginary time formulation of thermal field theory. The steps involved are to relate the defining retarded correlation function to the corresponding time-ordered one and to evaluate the latter in the conventional perturbation expansion. Here we carry out both the steps in the real time formulation.
S. Mallik; Sourav Sarkar
A real-time virtual machine implementation for small microcontrollers
A way to host a full general purpose virtual machine (VM) interpreter on a very small microcontroller platform is described. This machine provides a comprehensive set of general and enhanced functionality efficiently by abstracting the VM instruction ... Keywords: Microcontrollers, Real-time systems, Virtual machine
W. Roger Davis; Phillip A. Laplante; Bo I. Sand�n
Technical Note Real-time functional brain mapping using electrocorticography
et al., 1994; Keles et al., 2004). In contrast, methods that read endogenous signals, such as somato) 504507 #12;the 80200 Hz band (Grenier et al., 2001). This real-time mapping technique should. J. Neurophysiol. 94, 42694280. Grenier, F., Timofeev, I., Steriade, M., 2001. Focal synchronization
Rao, Rajesh
Real-time tessellation of terrain on graphics hardware
Synthetic terrain is a key element in many applications, which can lessen the sense of realism if it is not handled correctly. We propose a new technique for visualizing terrain surfaces by tessellating them on the GPU. The presented algorithm introduces ... Keywords: GPU, Level of detail, Real-time rendering, Terrain simulation, Tessellation
Oscar Ripolles; Francisco Ramos; Anna Puig-Centelles; Miguel Chover
Real-time concepts for block-based watermarking schemes
In this paper we propose a concept to transfer a non real-time watermarking system into a watermarking system, which meets the requirements of a media-on-demand system. Several applications scenarios requiring the embedding of watermarks with maximum ...
Michael Arnold; Oliver Lobisch
Real-time pricing program in a smart grid environment
Improving system efficiency and reliability is motivating countries to design and execute different types of time of use demand response programs. However, certain deficiencies prevent these programs from reaching their goals. Smart meters as a mechanism ... Keywords: real-time pricing, smart grid, time of use programs
Hassan Monsef, Bin Wu
Real-Time Forecasting of Snowfall Using a Neural Network
A set of 53 snowfall reports was collected in real time from the 2004/05 and 2005/06 cold seasons (November�March). Three snowfall-amount forecast methods were tested: neural network, surface-temperature-based 676-USDT table, and climatological ...
Paul J. Roebber; Melissa R. Butt; Sarah J. Reinke; Thomas J. Grafenauer
Dynamic control in real-time heuristic search
Real-time heuristic search is a challenging type of agent-centered search because the agent's planning time per action is bounded by a constant independent of problem size. A common problem that imposes such restrictions is pathfinding in modern computer ...
Vadim Bulitko; Mitja Lu�trek; Jonathan Schaeffer; Yngvi Bj�rnsson; Sverrir Sigmundarson
Slicing concurrent real-time system specifications for verification
The high-level specification language CSP-OZ-DC has been shown to be well-suited for modelling and analysing industrially relevant concurrent real-time systems. It allows us to model each of the most important functional aspects such as control flow, ...
Ingo Br�ckner
A distributed hard real-time Java system for high mobility components
In this work we propose a methodology for providing real-time capabilities to component-based, on-the-fly recon?gurable, distributed systems. In such systems, software components migrate across computational resources at run-time to allow applications to adapt to changes in user requirements or to external events. We describe how we achieve run-time recon?guration in distributed Java applications by appropriately migrating servers. Guaranteed-rate schedulers at the servers provide the necessary temporal protection and so simplify remote method invocation management. We describe how we manage overhead and resource utilization by controlling the parameters of the server schedulers. According to our measurements, this methodology provides real-time capability to component-based recon?gurable distributed systems in an effcient and effective way. In addition, we propose a new resource discovery protocol, REALTOR, which is based on a combination of pull-based and push-based resource information dissemination. REALTOR has been designed for real-time component-based distributed applications in very dynamic or adverse environments. REALTOR supports survivability and information assurance by allowing the migration of components to safe locations under emergencies suchas externalattack, malfunction, or lackofresources. Simulation studies show that under normal and heavy load conditions REALTOR remains very effective in finding available resources, and does so with a reasonably low communication overhead.REALTOR 1)effectively locates resources under highly dynamic conditions, 2) has an overhead that is system-size independent, and 3) works well in highlyadverse environments.We evaluate the effectiveness of a REALTOR implementation as part of Agile Objects, an infrastructure for real-time capable, highly mobile Java components.
Rho, Sangig
Real-Time Traffic Information for Emergency Evacuations
There are many instances in which it is possible to plan ahead for an emergency evacuation (e.g., a chemical processing facility explosion). For those cases, if an accident were to happen, then the best evacuation plan for the prevailing network and weather conditions would be deployed. In other cases (e.g., the derailment of a train transporting hazardous materials), there may not be any previously developed plan to be implemented, and decisions must be made ad-hoc on how to proceed with an emergency evacuation. In both situations, the availability of real-time traffic information plays a critical role in the management of the evacuation operations. Due to cost constraints, only large urban areas have traffic sensor deployments that permit access to some sort of real-time traffic information; an evacuation taking place in other areas of the country would have to proceed without real-time traffic information. In order to improve operations during a vehicular emergency evacuation anywhere, a system of sensors that uses newly developed real-time traffic-information-gathering technologies to assess traffic conditions and to detect incidents on the main evacuation routes is presented in this paper. A series of tests, both in a controlled environment and in the field, were conducted to study the feasibility of such a system of traffic sensors and to assess its ability to provide real-time traffic information during an emergency evacuation. The results of these tests indicated that the prototype sensors are reliable and accurate for the type of application that is the focus of this paper.
Franzese, Oscar [ORNL; Zhang, Li [Mississippi State University (MSU); Mahmoud, Anas M. [Mississippi State University (MSU)
Real-time Non-contact Millimeter Wave Characterization of Water-Freezing and Ice-Melting Dynamics
We applied millimeter wave radiometry for the first time to monitor water-freezing and ice-melting dynamics in real-time non-contact. The measurements were completed at a frequency of 137 GHz. Small amounts (about 2 mL) ...
Woskov, Paul P.
Real-time garbage collection for flash-memory storage systems of real-time embedded systems
Flash-memory technology is becoming critical in building embedded systems applications because of its shock-resistant, power economic, and nonvolatile nature. With the recent technology breakthroughs in both capacity and reliability, flash-memory storage ... Keywords: Embedded systems, flash memory, garbage collection, real-time system, storage systems
Li-Pin Chang; Tei-Wei Kuo; Shi-Wu Lo
Real-Time Water Quality Management in the Grassland Water District
The purpose of the research project was to advance the concept of real-time water quality management in the San Joaquin Basin by developing an application to drainage of seasonal wetlands in the Grassland Water District. Real-time water quality management is defined as the coordination of reservoir releases, return flows and river diversions to improve water quality conditions in the San Joaquin River and ensure compliance with State water quality objectives. Real-time water quality management is achieved through information exchange and cooperation between shakeholders who contribute or withdraw flow and salt load to or from the San Joaquin River. This project complements a larger scale project that was undertaken by members of the Water Quality Subcommittee of the San Joaquin River Management Program (SJRMP) and which produced forecasts of flow, salt load and San Joaquin River assimilative capacity between 1999 and 2003. These forecasts can help those entities exporting salt load to the River to develop salt load targets as a mechanism for improving compliance with salinity objectives. The mass balance model developed by this project is the decision support tool that helps to establish these salt load targets. A second important outcome of this project was the development and application of a methodology for assessing potential impacts of real-time wetland salinity management. Drawdown schedules are typically tied to weather conditions and are optimized in traditional practices to maximize food sources for over-wintering wildfowl as well as providing a biological control (through germination temperature) of undesirable weeds that compete with the more proteinaceous moist soil plants such as swamp timothy, watergrass and smartweed. This methodology combines high resolution remote sensing, ground-truthing vegetation surveys using established survey protocols and soil salinity mapping using rapid, automated electromagnetic sensor technology. This survey methodology could be complemented with biological surveys of bird use and invertebrates to produce a robust long-term monitoring strategy for habitat health and sustainability.
Quinn, Nigel W.T.; Hanna, W. Mark; Hanlon, Jeremy S.; Burns, Josphine R.; Taylor, Christophe M.; Marciochi, Don; Lower, Scott; Woodruff, Veronica; Wright, Diane; Poole, Tim
Scalable Distributed Automation System: Scalable Real-time Decentralized Volt/VAR Control
GENI Project: Caltech is developing a distributed automation system that allows distributed generators�solar panels, wind farms, thermal co-generation systems�to effectively manage their own power. To date, the main stumbling block for distributed automation systems has been the inability to develop software that can handle more than 100,000 distributed generators and be implemented in real time. Caltech�s software could allow millions of generators to self-manage through local sensing, computation, and communication. Taken together, localized algorithms can support certain global objectives, such as maintaining the balance of energy supply and demand, regulating voltage and frequency, and minimizing cost. An automated, grid-wide power control system would ease the integration of renewable energy sources like solar power into the grid by quickly transmitting power when it is created, eliminating the energy loss associated with the lack of renewable energy storage capacity of the grid.
REAL TIME GRID RELIABILITY REAL TIME GRID RELIABILITY MANAGEMENT 2005 Prepared For: California Energy Commission Public Interest Energy Research Program Prepared By: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory PIER FINAL PROJECT REPORT LBNL-62368 ii Legal Notice This report was prepared as a result of work sponsored by the California Energy Commission (Energy Commission). It does not necessarily represent the views of the Energy Commission, its employees, or the State of California. The Energy Commission, the State of California, its employees, contractors, and subcontractors make no warrant, express or implied, and assume no legal liability for the information in this report; nor does any party represent that the use of this information will not infringe upon privately owned rights. This report has not been
Real-Time Raman Gas Composition Sensor.pdf
Sensor Sensor Opportunity Technology/Capability Overview Benefits to Partner Development Status Contact The NETL Real-time Raman Gas Composition Analyzer determines the composition of a flowing gaseous sample in real-time and provides the concentration of each gas in that sample. . . . Testing partners would have the opportunity to evaluate the performance of the prototype system, implement new feed-forward controls, and may help shape the commercial product configuration This sensor will greatly benefit the power industry, as well as other industries utilizing gaseous input or output streams by enabling smarter control to increase process efficiency and reduce emissions We are seeking opportunities to field test the prototype instruments in power and industrial applications, as well
Refinement and Verification of Real-Time Systems
This paper discusses highly general mechanisms for specifying the refinement of a real-time system as a collection of lower level parallel components that preserve the timing and functional requirements of the upper level specification. These mechanisms are discussed in the context of ASTRAL, which is a formal specification language for real-time systems. Refinement is accomplished by mapping all of the elements of an upper level specification into lower level elements that may be split among several parallel components. In addition, actions that can occur in the upper level are mapped to actions of components operating at the lower level. This allows several types of implementation strategies to be specified in a natural way, while the price for generality (in terms of complexity) is paid only when necessary. The refinement mechanisms are first illustrated using a simple digital circuit; then, through a highly complex phone system; finally, design guidelines gleaned from these specifications are presented.
Kolano, Paul Z; Kemmerer, Richard A; Mandrioli, Dino
Real time markerless motion tracking using linked kinematic chains
A markerless method is described for tracking the motion of subjects in a three dimensional environment using a model based on linked kinematic chains. The invention is suitable for tracking robotic, animal or human subjects in real-time using a single computer with inexpensive video equipment, and does not require the use of markers or specialized clothing. A simple model of rigid linked segments is constructed of the subject and tracked using three dimensional volumetric data collected by a multiple camera video imaging system. A physics based method is then used to compute forces to align the model with subsequent volumetric data sets in real-time. The method is able to handle occlusion of segments and accommodates joint limits, velocity constraints, and collision constraints and provides for error recovery. The method further provides for elimination of singularities in Jacobian based calculations, which has been problematic in alternative methods.
Luck, Jason P. (Arvada, CO); Small, Daniel E. (Albuquerque, NM)
Resource Reclaiming in Multiprocessor Real-Time Systems
Most real-time scheduling algorithms schedule tasks with respect to their worst case computation times. Resource reclaiming refers to the problem of utilizing the resources left unused by a task when it executes less than its worst case computation time, or when a task is deleted from the current schedule. Resource reclaiming is a very important issue in dynamic real-time multiprocessor environments. In this paper, we present dynamic resource reclaiming algorithms that are effective, avoids any run time anomalies, and have bounded overhead cost that is independent of the number of tasks in the schedule. Each Task is assumed to have a worst case computation time, a deadline, and a set of resource requirements. The algorithms utilize the information given in a multiprocessor task schedule and perform on-line local optimization. The effectiveness of the algorithms is demonstrated through simulation studies. The algorithms have also been implemented in the Spring Kernel [15].
Chia Shen; Krithi Ramamritham; John A. Stankovic
Slicing Concurrent Real-Time System Specifications for Verification
The high-level specification language CSP-OZ-DC has been shown to be well-suited for modelling and analysing industrially relevant concurrent real-time systems. It allows us to model each of the most important functional aspects such as control flow, data, and real-time requirements in adequate notations, maintaining a common semantic foundation for subsequent verification. Slicing on the other hand has become an established technique to complement the fight against state space explosion during verification which inherently accompanies increasing system complexity. In this paper, we exploit the special structure of CSP-OZ-DC specifications by extending the dependence graph�which usually serves as a basis for slicing�with several new types of dependencies, including timing dependencies derived from the specification�s DC part. Based on this we show how to compute a specification slice and prove correctness of our approach.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Smolt Migration in the Columbia River Basin : Volume V : Evaluation of the 1999 Predictions of the Run-Timing of Wild Migrant Yearling and Subyearling Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Trout, and Hatchery Sockeye Salmon in the Snake River Basin using Program RealTime.
Program RealTime provided tracking and forecasting of the 1999 inseason outmigration via the internet for stocks of wild PIT-tagged spring/summer chinook salmon. These stocks were ESUs from sixteen release sites above Lower Granite dam, including Bear Valley Creek, Big Creek, Cape Horn Creek, Catherine Creek, Elk Creek, Herd Creek, Imnaha River, Lake Creek, Loon Creek, Lostine River, Marsh Creek, Minam River, South Fork Salmon River, and Secesh River, Sulfur Creek and Valley Creek. Forecasts were also provided for a stock of hatchery-reared PIT-tagged summer-run sockeye salmon from Redfish Lake and for the runs-at-large of Snake River wild yearling chinook salmon, and steelhead trout. The 1999 RealTime project began making forecasts for a new stock of PIT-tagged wild fall subyearling chinook salmon, as a substitute for forecasts of the wild run-at-large, discontinued June 6. Forecasts for the run-at-large were discontinued when a large release of unmarked hatchery fish into the Snake River made identification of wild fish impossible. The 1999 Program RealTime performance was comparable to its performance in previous years with respect to the run-at-large of yearling chinook salmon (whole season MAD=3.7%), and the run of hatchery-reared Redfish Lake sockeye salmon (whole season MAD=6.7%). Season-wide performance of program RealTime predictions for wild Snake River yearling chinook salmon ESUs improved in 1999, with mean MADs from the first half of the outmigrations down from 15.1% in 1998 to 4.5% in 1999. RealTime performance was somewhat worse for the run-at-large of steelhead trout in 1999, compared to 1998, particularly during the last half of the outmigration when the MAD increased from 2.7% in 1998 to 6.1% in 1999. A pattern of over-predictions was observed in half of the yearling chinook salmon ESUs and the steelhead run-at-large during the month of May. Lower-than-average outflows were observed at Lower Granite dam during the first half of May, the only period of low flows in an year with otherwise higher-than-average-flows. The passage distribution of the stock new to the RealTime forecasting project, the PIT tagged stock of fall subyearling chinook salmon, was predicted with very good accuracy (whole season MAD=4.7%), particularly during the last half of the outmigration (MAD=3.6%). The RealTime project reverted to a pre-1998 method of adjusting PIT-tagged smolt counts at Lower Granite Dam because of its superior performance during the last half of the outmigration.
Burgess, Caitlin
Real-time pricing -- supplanted by Price-risk derivatives?
Future trends in pricing options for wholesale electrical generation are discussed. Specifically, the effect of price derivatives on electricity consumption are examined. Economic analyses are presented for customer demand in real-time pricing scenarios with and without a price derivative hedge. It is determined that consumption will be curtailed even when price caps have been purchased. Consumption behavior is also analyzed to determine the effect of different price caps; regardless of price, consumption is curtailed in response to price.
O`Sheasy, M.
Real time loss detection for SNM in process
This paper discusses the basis of a design for real time special nuclear material (SNM) loss detectors. The design utilizes process measurements and signal processing techniques to produce a timely estimate of material loss. A state estimator is employed as the primary signal processing algorithm. Material loss is indicated by changes in the states or process innovations (residuals). The design philosophy is discussed in the context of these changes.
Candy, J.V.; Dunn, D.R.; Gavel, D.T.
Program on Technology Innovation: Real Time NDE for Welding
This report describes real-time nondestructive evaluation (NDE) for welding and provides an update on the NDE methods being investigated and developed for flaw detection during welding and the corresponding technical results. It also provides a summary of the future proposed work.BackgroundIt has been recognized that efficient, high-quality welding processes are essential to the economical development and safety of new advanced and operational nuclear ...
Real-time Pricing Demand Response in Operations
Abstract�Dynamic pricing schemes have been implemented in commercial and industrial application settings, and recently they are getting attention for application to residential customers. Time-of-use and critical-peak-pricing rates are in place in various regions and are being piloted in many more. These programs are proving themselves useful for balancing energy during peak periods; however, real-time (5 minute) pricing signals combined with automation in end-use systems have the potential to deliver even more benefits to operators and consumers. Besides system peak shaving, a real-time pricing system can contribute demand response based on the locational marginal price of electricity, reduce load in response to a generator outage, and respond to local distribution system capacity limiting situations. The US Department of Energy (DOE) is teaming with a mid-west electricity service provider to run a distribution feeder-based retail electricity market that negotiates with residential automation equipment and clears every 5 minutes, thus providing a signal for lowering or raising electric consumption based on operational objectives of economic efficiency and reliability. This paper outlines the capability of the real-time pricing system and the operational scenarios being tested as the system is rolled-out starting in the first half of 2012.
Widergren, Steven E.; Marinovici, Maria C.; Berliner, Teri; Graves, Alan
Looking at Transistor Gate Oxide Formation in Real Time
Looking at Transistor Gate Oxide Formation in Real Time Print Looking at Transistor Gate Oxide Formation in Real Time Print The oxide gate layer is critical to every transistor, and present-day layer thicknesses are in the 10-20 Å range (1-2 nm). However, little information exists on the oxidation process at this thickness. Available results are either for thicker layers grown under high-pressure conditions or for only the first couple of monolayers studied under high-vacuum conditions. Now, for the first time, a group of researchers has obtained real-time oxidation results for this elusive range. Using the ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) endstation at ALS Beamline 9.3.2, they examined oxidation of Si(100) at pressures up to 1 torr and temperatures up to 450 ºC. The Si 2p chemical shifts allowed determination of oxide thickness as a function of time with a precision of 1-2 Å. The initial oxidation rate was very high (up to ~234 Å/h). Then, after an initial oxide thickness of 6-22 Å was formed, the rate decreased markedly (~1.5-4.0Å/h). Neither rate regime can be explained by the standard Deal-Grove (D-G) model for Si oxidation. These results are a significant step toward developing a better understanding of this critical thickness regime.
HARTEX: a safe real-time kernel for distributed computer control systems
A hard real-time kernel is presented for distributed computer control systems (DCCS), highlighting a number of novel features, such as integrated scheduling of hard and soft real-time tasks as well as tasks and resources; high-performance time management ... Keywords: distributed computer control systems, object modelling techniques, real-time communication, real-time operating systems, scheduling algorithms
C. K. Angelov; I. E. Ivanov; A. Burns
Field Instruments for Real Time In-Situ Crude Oil Concentration Measurements
The Texas Water Resources Institute awarded a Mill Scholarship to M.C. Sterling, Jr in 2002. This project describes five sensors for rapid monitoring of crude oil concentrations in an aquatic system. These measurements are critical for monitoring plume transport. They are also useful for estimating polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) exposure concentrations as a component of toxicity risk assessments. A submersible multi-angle laser scattering instrument (LISST-100, Sequoia Instruments), an ex-situ single wavelength fluorometer (AU-10 field fluorometer, Turner Designs), an in-situ single wavelength fluorometer (Flashlamp, WET Labs), and two in-situ multiple wavelength fluorometers (ECO-FL3 and SAFire, WET Labs) are evaluated for sensitivity and bias. For each instrument, a brief discussion of its operating principles is presented. Crude oil emulsions of various concentrations were analyzed using the above instruments. The implications of potential interferences and instrument limits are discussed relative to their importance for real time monitoring of crude oil spills.
Fuller, C. B.; Bonner, J. S.; Page, C. A.; Arrambide, G.; Sterling Jr., M. C.; Ojo, T.
Imaging gene expression in real-time using aptamers
Signal transduction pathways are usually activated by external stimuli and are transient. The downstream changes such as transcription of the activated genes are also transient. Real-time detection of promoter activity is useful for understanding changes in gene expression, especially during cell differentiation and in development. A simple and reliable method for viewing gene expression in real time is not yet available. Reporter proteins such as fluorescent proteins and luciferase allow for non-invasive detection of the products of gene expression in living cells. However, current reporter systems do not provide for real-time imaging of promoter activity in living cells. This is because of the long time period after transcription required for fluorescent protein synthesis and maturation. We have developed an RNA reporter system for imaging in real-time to detect changes in promoter activity as they occur. The RNA reporter uses strings of RNA aptamers that constitute IMAGEtags (Intracellular MultiAptamer GEnetic tags), which can be expressed from a promoter of choice. The tobramycin, neomycin and PDC RNA aptamers have been utilized for this system and expressed in yeast from the GAL1 promoter. The IMAGEtag RNA kinetics were quantified by RT-qPCR. In yeast precultured in raffinose containing media the GAL1 promoter responded faster than in yeast precultured in glucose containing media. IMAGEtag RNA has relatively short half-life (5.5 min) in yeast. For imaging, the yeast cells are incubated with their ligands that are labeled with fluorescent dyes. To increase signal to noise, ligands have been separately conjugated with the FRET (F�rster resonance energy transfer) pairs, Cy3 and Cy5. With these constructs, the transcribed aptamers can be imaged after activation of the promoter by galactose. FRET was confirmed with three different approaches, which were sensitized emission, acceptor photobleaching and donor lifetime by FLIM (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy). Real-time transcription was measured by FLIM-FRET, which was detected by the decrease in donor lifetime resulting from ligand binding to IMAGEtags that were newly synthesized from the activated GAL1 promoter. The FRET signal was specific for transcribed IMAGEtags.
Shin, Il Chung
Subsystem of Data Acquisition Using the ModBus Protocol in Real Time of the Digital Electro-Hydraulic Control and Its Integration with the Integral System of Process Information of Laguna Verde Nuclear Power Plant
In this article, the achieved development is presented of a software module of data acquisition in real time using the ModBus protocol named Subsystem of Data Acquisition of the Digital Electro-Hydraulic Control and its integration with the New Data ... Keywords: Real time, Data acquisition System, Nuclear power plant, Modbus protocol, Linux, C++, TCP/IP
Efren Ruben Coronel Flores, Carlos Chairez Campos
Development of a hand-held computer platform for real-time behavioral assessment of physicians and nurses
We developed a hand-held data collection tool to facilitate real-time collection of data on the factors that affect hospital staff performance. To assure high-yield of data from busy clinicians, the design objectives included low response burden, the ... Keywords: Computer-assisted data collection, Ecological momentary assessment, Hand-held computer, Hospital-based clinicians, Response burden, Software development, Usability engineering, User-centered design
Nabyl Tejani; Timothy R. Dresselhaus; Matthew B. Weinger
Portable software for distributed readout controllers and event builders in FASTBUS and VME
We report on software developed as part of the PAN-DA system to support the functions of front end readout controllers and event builders in multiprocessor, multilevel, distributed data acquisition systems. For the next generation data acquisition system we have undertaken to design and implement software tools that are easily transportable to new modules. The first implementation of this software is for Motorola 68K series processor boards in FASTBUS and VME and will be used in the Fermilab accelerator run at the beginning of 1990. We use a Real Time Kernel Operating System. The software provides general connectivity tools for control, diagnosis and monitoring. 17 refs., 7 figs.
Pordes, R.; Berg, D.; Berman, E.; Bernett, M.; Brown, D.; Constanta-Fanourakis, P.; Dorries, T.; Haire, M.; Joshi, U.; Kaczar, K.; Mackinnon, B.; Moore, C.; Nicinski, T.; Oleynik, G.; Petravick, D.; Sergey, G.; Slimmer, D.; Streets, J.; Votava, M.; White, V.
PC-Cluster-Based Real-Time Simulation of an 8 synchronous machines network with HVDC link using
Abstract�In this paper, we detail the real-time simulation results of a medium-sized network composed of 8 synchronous machines and an HVDC link. The model is composed of two Kundur-like 4 machines networks connected together with a 12pulse HVDC link. The complete network is modeled with SimPowerSystems with ARTEMIS real-time plug-in and is simulated in real-time on a RT-LAB InfiniBand PC-cluster composed of 3 dual-CPU dual-core Opteron PCs. The network model includes the HVDC control and protection systems as well as the synchronous machine regulators and power stabilizers. It also includes typical fault simulation capability like HVDC DC faults, thyristor misfires and AC faults. This model is excellent to study the complex interactions between an HVDC link and AC network under normal and transient conditions. The real-time simulation is controlled and monitored with a TestDrive interface from Opal-RT. This interface, based on LabView, permits easy monitoring and control of the complete system and enables Python-based scripting for automated tests. The proposed simulator can be interfaced with external equipments and controllers by direct reconfiguration of a FPGA I/O card with Xilinx System Generator blockset.
Christian Dufour; Jean-nicolas Paquin; Vincent Lapointe; Jean B�langer; Loic Schoen
Practical Method of Adaptive Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer Using Real-Time Electromagnetic Tracking
Purpose: We have created an automated process using real-time tracking data to evaluate the adequacy of planning target volume (PTV) margins in prostate cancer, allowing a process of adaptive radiotherapy with minimal physician workload. We present an analysis of PTV adequacy and a proposed adaptive process. Methods and Materials: Tracking data were analyzed for 15 patients who underwent step-and-shoot multi-leaf collimation (SMLC) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with uniform 5-mm PTV margins for prostate cancer using the Calypso Registered-Sign Localization System. Additional plans were generated with 0- and 3-mm margins. A custom software application using the planned dose distribution and structure location from computed tomography (CT) simulation was developed to evaluate the dosimetric impact to the target due to motion. The dose delivered to the prostate was calculated for the initial three, five, and 10 fractions, and for the entire treatment. Treatment was accepted as adequate if the minimum delivered prostate dose (D{sub min}) was at least 98% of the planned D{sub min}. Results: For 0-, 3-, and 5-mm PTV margins, adequate treatment was obtained in 3 of 15, 12 of 15, and 15 of 15 patients, and the delivered D{sub min} ranged from 78% to 99%, 96% to 100%, and 99% to 100% of the planned D{sub min}. Changes in D{sub min} did not correlate with magnitude of prostate motion. Treatment adequacy during the first 10 fractions predicted sufficient dose delivery for the entire treatment for all patients and margins. Conclusions: Our adaptive process successfully used real-time tracking data to predict the need for PTV modifications, without the added burden of physician contouring and image analysis. Our methods are applicable to other uses of real-time tracking, including hypofractionated treatment.
Olsen, Jeffrey R.; Noel, Camille E.; Baker, Kenneth; Santanam, Lakshmi; Michalski, Jeff M. [Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States); Parikh, Parag J., E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO (United States)
Near real time vapor detection and enhancement using aerosol adsorption
A vapor sample detection method where the vapor sample contains vapor and ambient air and surrounding natural background particles. The vapor sample detection method includes the steps of generating a supply of aerosol that have a particular effective median particle size, mixing the aerosol with the vapor sample forming aerosol and adsorbed vapor suspended in an air stream, impacting the suspended aerosol and adsorbed vapor upon a reflecting element, alternatively directing infrared light to the impacted aerosol and adsorbed vapor, detecting and analyzing the alternatively directed infrared light in essentially real time using a spectrometer and a microcomputer and identifying the vapor sample.
Novick, Vincent J.; Johnson, Stanley A.
Real-time nonlinear optimization as a generalized equation.
We establish results for the problem of tracking a time-dependent manifold arising in real-time optimization by casting this as a parametric generalized equation. We demonstrate that if points along a solution manifold are consistently strongly regular, it is possible to track the manifold approximately by solving a single linear complementarity problem (LCP) at each time step. We derive sufficient conditions guaranteeing that the tracking error remains bounded to second order with the size of the time step even if the LCP is solved only approximately. We use these results to derive a fast, augmented Lagrangian tracking algorithm and demonstrate the developments through a numerical case study.
Zavala, V. M.; Anitescu, M. (Mathematics and Computer Science)
A Real-Time Imaging System for Stereo Atomic Microscopy at SPring-8's BL25SU
We have developed a real-time photoelectron angular distribution (PEAD) and Auger-electron angular distribution (AEAD) imaging system at SPring-8 BL25SU, Japan. In addition, a real-time imaging system for circular dichroism (CD) studies of PEAD/AEAD has been newly developed. Two PEAD images recorded with left- and right-circularly polarized light can be regarded as a stereo image of the atomic arrangement. A two-dimensional display type mirror analyzer (DIANA) has been installed at the beamline, making it possible to record PEAD/AEAD patterns with an acceptance angle of {+-}60 deg. in real-time. The twin-helical undulators at BL25SU enable helicity switching of the circularly polarized light at 10Hz, 1Hz or 0.1Hz. In order to realize real-time measurements of the CD of the PEAD/AEAD, the CCD camera must be synchronized to the switching frequency. The VME computer that controls the ID is connected to the measurement computer with two BNC cables, and the helicity information is sent using TTL signals. For maximum flexibility, rather than using a hardware shutter synchronizing with the TTL signal we have developed software to synchronize the CCD shutter with the TTL signal. We have succeeded in synchronizing the CCD camera in both the 1Hz and 0.1Hz modes.
Matsushita, Tomohiro; Guo, Fang Zhun; Muro, Takayuki [JASRI/SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo, 679-5198 (Japan); Matsui, Fumihiko; Daimon, Hiroshi [Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), 8916-5 Takayama, Ikoma, Nara 630-0192 (Japan)
Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Biofilm Development Print Real-Time Chemical Imaging of Bacterial Biofilm Development Print Scientists have developed a robust and label-free method to probe the chemical underpinnings of developing bacterial biofilms. Almost all bacteria can form biofilms-dynamic communities of cells enclosed in self-produced matrices of polymers that stick to other bacteria or surfaces in water-containing environments. Coordinated collectively, these bacteria defend against antagonists, break down recalcitrant materials, and produce biofuels. Researchers from Berkeley Lab, Lawrence Livermore National Lab, and UC Berkeley coupled infrared (IR) rays from ALS Beamline 1.4.3 to the first open-channel microfluidic platform to determine the chemistry that shapes biofilm development. This combination of synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared (SR-FTIR) spectromicroscopy and the microfluidic platform will have a significant impact on several scientific disciplines that require chemical-scale information on biofilm phenotype and function, including Berkeley Lab's bioenergy efforts and subsurface biogeochemical studies.
Real-time power system analysis: Feasibility and critical technologies
Modern electrical grids face increasing demands to serve new or unusual loads, to integrate unconventional new resources, and to transmit power in unforeseen ways. These expanding demands will require utilities to operate existing systems closer to steady-state limits, thus increasing the performance requirements of operation and control systems. In this paper we use the challenges posed by power system stability analysis to motivate a discussion of the technologies required to advance the state-of-the-art in real-time power system control. We consider the computational requirements of system stability analysis techniques (transient simulation, eigenanalysis, time-domain fitting, and frequency-response analysis). Additional requirements are imposed by the necessity that the computational results support either human or automated decision making. We then address the role that critical computer and information technologies must play in addressing these needs. Our emphasis is on high performance computing, where we consider both hardware issues and algorithmic requirements. Data management, user interface, visualization, and expert system technologies are also discussed. We conclude by suggesting elements of a strategic plan for creating the next generation of computer tools for power system analysis, and for their use in real-time control applications. 18 refs.
Pearson, E.W.; Trudnowski, D.J. (Battelle Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA (United States)); Hauer, J.F.; Watkins, D.S. (USDOE Bonneville Power Administration, Portland, OR (United States))
Real-time individualized training vectors for experiential learning.
Military training utilizing serious games or virtual worlds potentially generate data that can be mined to better understand how trainees learn in experiential exercises. Few data mining approaches for deployed military training games exist. Opportunities exist to collect and analyze these data, as well as to construct a full-history learner model. Outcomes discussed in the present document include results from a quasi-experimental research study on military game-based experiential learning, the deployment of an online game for training evidence collection, and results from a proof-of-concept pilot study on the development of individualized training vectors. This Lab Directed Research & Development (LDRD) project leveraged products within projects, such as Titan (Network Grand Challenge), Real-Time Feedback and Evaluation System, (America's Army Adaptive Thinking and Leadership, DARWARS Ambush! NK), and Dynamic Bayesian Networks to investigate whether machine learning capabilities could perform real-time, in-game similarity vectors of learner performance, toward adaptation of content delivery, and quantitative measurement of experiential learning.
Willis, Matt; Tucker, Eilish Marie; Raybourn, Elaine Marie; Glickman, Matthew R.; Fabian, Nathan
Initial Studies Toward Real-Time Transmission Path Rating
Demand continues to increase while transmission line construction is being constrained by multiple factors� economic, environmental, and political. Effective and efficient utilization of transmission lines is thus of great importance in an open access environment. Large blocks of power are transferred from areas with inexpensive generation to heavy load demand areas or areas with high generation costs. This results in some transmission paths being loaded closer to their path ratings, which limits further power transfer between areas. Traditionally, rating of important paths was determined off line by assuming the worst-case study scenario; once determined, it could be used for years. With increasing uncertainty arising from rapid growth of renewable energy and smart technologies, path rating studies are needed in near-real time to account for the latest system status and support a reliable and economic power grid. This paper adopts a simplified procedure based on standards of the North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) to determine total transfer capability (TTC) or transfer limit for the purpose of demonstrating the benefits and necessity of real-time path rating. Initial studies are conducted to compute TTC of a two-area test system and a 39-bus test system. Results indicate that path rating can be significantly affected by loading conditions, generator schedules, system topology and other factors.
Singh, Ruchi; Diao, Ruisheng; Cai, Niannian; Huang, Zhenyu; Tuck, Brian; Guo, Xinxin
Repsol Cartagena Utilities Real Time Optimization -- A Success Story
"In 1998 Honeywell Hi-Spec Solutions successfully implemented a Utilities Optimization system at Repsol's Cartagena Spain Refinery Complex. The Utilities Optimization System is implemented using Honeywell's Hi-Spec Solutions ProfitMax R100 system for Real Time Optimization (RTO) which runs on an NT-based workstation. ProfitMax uses the NOVA modeling system from DOT Products Inc. for non-linear modeling and optimization. Data is supplied through Uniformance PHD, Honeywell Hi-Spec Solutions' real time database. The cogeneration system is controlled using Honeywell's IDC 3000 system. The Utility System at Repsol Cartagena refinery is a cogeneration system that supplies both electricity and steam to the site. The surplus electricity is exported to the National grid. The system consists of the following: � Gas Turbine and Heat Recovery Steam Generator � Four fired boilers � Four steam headers at various pressures � Three Back-Pressure/Condensing steam turbo-generators � Plant condensate system � Fuel gas collection and distribution system � Process steam producers and consumers � Numerous dual drivers (steam/electric) for various plant loads "
Piccolo, M.; Shyr, S.
Integrating Transputer Arrays within a Data-Flow Architecture: Applications in Real-time Image Processing
. This paper presents a Data Flow Functional Computer (DFFC) developed at ETCA and dedicated to real-time image processing. One original feature of this computer lies in the integration both at the hardware and software level of two types of data-driven processing elements: 1024 custom Data Flow Processor (DFP) -- embedded in a 3D interconnected network and dedicated to low level processing and 36 T800 Transputers -- embedded in a 2D interconnected networks and dedicated to mid to high level processing. A unifying programming model is provided, based on a close integration of the data-flow architecture principles and the functional programming concepts. An image processing algorithm, expressed using an FP-like functional syntax is first converted into a Data-flow Graph (DFG). The nodes of this graph are real time operators implementable on the physical processors of the data-flow machine. This DFG is then physically mapped onto the network of processors. The programming en...
Olivier Eckl�; Jocelyn S�rot; Georges Qu�not; E Jocelyn S; Erot Georges Qu
Real-time condition assessment of RAPTOR telescope systems
The RAPid Telescopes for Optical Response (RAPTOR) observatory network consists of several robotic astronomical telescopes primarily designed to search for astrophysical transients called a gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Although intrinsically bright, GRBs are difficult to detect because of their short duration. Typically, they are first observed by satellites that then relay the coordinates of the GRB to a ground station which, in turn, distributes the coordinates over the internet so that ground based observers can perform follow-up observations. Typically the ground based observations begin after the GRB has ended and only residual emiSSion (the 'afterglow') is left. However, if the satellite relays the GRB coordinates quickly enough, a 'fast' robotic telescope on the ground may be able to catch the GRB in progress. The RAPTOR telescope system is one of only a few in the world to have accomplished this feat. In order to achieve these results, the RAPTOR telescopes must operate autonomously at a high duty-cycle and in peak operating condition. Currently the telescopes are maintained in an ad hoc manner, often in a run-to-failure mode. The RAPTOR project could benefit greatly from a structural health monitoring (SHM) system, especially as more complex units are added to the suite of telescopes. This paper will summarize preliminary results from an SHM study performed on one of the RAPTOR telescopes. Damage scenarios that are of concern and that have been previously observed are first summarized. Then a specific study of damage to the telescope drive mechanism is presented where the data acquisition system is first described. Next, damage detection algorithms are developed with LANL's new publically available software SHMTools and the results of this process are discussed in detail. The paper will conclude with a summary of future planned refinemenls of the RAPTOR SHM system.
Stull, Chris [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Taylor, Stuart [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Wren, James [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Farrar, Charles [Los Alamos National Laboratory; Park, Gyuhae [Los Alamos National Laboratory
Microsecond delays on non-real time operating systems
We have developed microsecond timing and profiling software that runs on standard Windows and Linux based operating systems. This software is orders of magnitudes better than most of the standard native functions in wide use. Our software libraries calibrate RDTSC in microseconds or seconds to provide two different types of delays: a ''Guaranteed Minimum'' and a precision ''Long Delay'', which releases to the kernel. Both return profiling information of the actual delay.
Angstadt, R.; Estrada, J.; Diehl, H.T.; Flaugher, B.; Johnson, M.; /Fermilab
A study on real-time pricing electric tariffs
With deregulation in the electric industry, customers have new opportunities to reduce their electricity cost, one of which consists of using real-time pricing (RTP) tariffs. The authors surveyed electric utilities in the country to investigate how these tariffs are presently implemented to help potential customers understand RTP tariffs. The survey found that the most common type of RTP tariff is a two-part tariff. It consists of a customer baseline load (CBL) charge and an energy charge (or credit) based on usage above (or below) the CBL charged at hourly prices. This type of tariff is explained using Oklahoma Gas and Electric (OG and E)`s day-ahead-pricing (DAP) tariff and calculation examples. This article also investigates the effect of customer flexibility on the charges under the DAP tariff by comparing three different types of customer response.
Mont, J.A.; Turner, W.C. [Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK (United States). School of Industrial Engineering and Management
Real-time multiradar simulation with a multiprocessor
Radar coverage of a region for air defense or air traffic control often necessitates the use of multiple radars to compensate for terrain-caused coverage problems and/or guarantee a uniformly good probability of detection over the region. The multi-radar simulator has been built to provide means wherein a real time simulation of a system of netted radars, their radar processors, and collocated trackers can be performed. This simulator is an MIMD machine utilizing the building block processor as the processing element. This implementation has proven easy to program and has brought the necessary computational speed to the problem of emulating effectively a set of radars and their processors observing the same air picture from different vantage points. 5 references.
Hiner, F.P. III
This paper reports our efforts to develop an instrument, TG-1, to measure particulate emissions from diesel engines in real-time. TG-1 while based on laser-induced incandescence allows measurements at 10 Hz on typical engine exhausts. Using such an instrument, measurements were performed in the exhaust of a 1.7L Mercedes Benz engine coupled to a low inertia dynamometer. Comparative measurements performed under engine steady state conditions showed the instrument to agree within {+-}12% of measurements performed with an SMPS. Moreover, the instrument had far better time response and time resolution than a TEOM{reg_sign} 1105. Also, TG-1 appears to surpass the shortcomings of the TEOM instrument, i.e., of yielding negative values under certain engine conditions and, being sensitive to external vibration.
Gupta, S; Shih, J; Hillman, G; sekar, R; Graze, R; Shimpi, S; Martin, W; Pier, D
Implementing image processing applications on a real-time architecture
Abstract This paper presents three examples of realtime image processing applications that were implemented on a data- ow architecture developed at the ETCA. Low-level image processing is performed on a regular three-dimensional network of 1024 custom data- ow processors. Image features previously extracted in the low-level step are handled by a two-dimensional network of 12 general purpose processors. Fast prototyping of real-time image processing applications is achieved through a programming environment including a complete stream from functional programming speci cation to network con guration. A large class of algorithms can be implemented. Among them we describe a non-linear lter, a connected component labeling and a colored object tracking. Figure 1: The Functional Computer I.
G. Quenot; C. Coutelle; J. Serot; B. Zavidovique
We report on the results from the first six months of the Catalina Real-Time Transient Survey (CRTS). In order to search for optical transients (OTs) with timescales of minutes to years, the CRTS analyses data from the Catalina Sky Survey which repeatedly covers 26,000 of square degrees on the sky. The CRTS provides a public stream of transients that are bright enough to be followed up using small telescopes. Since the beginning of the survey, all CRTS transients have been made available to astronomers around the world in real time using HTML tables,RSS feeds, and VOEvents. As part of our public outreach program, the detections are now also available in Keyhole Markup Language through Google Sky. The initial discoveries include over 350 unique OTs rising more than 2 mag from past measurements. Sixty two of these are classified as supernovae (SNe), based on light curves, prior deep imaging and spectroscopic data. Seventy seven are due to cataclysmic variables (CVs; only 13 previously known), while an additional 100 transients were too infrequently sampled to distinguish between faint CVs and SNe. The remaining OTs include active galactic nucleus, blazars, high-proper-motions stars, highly variable stars (such as UV Ceti stars), and transients of an unknown nature. Our results suggest that there is a large population of SNe missed by many current SN surveys because of selection biases. These objects appear to be associated with faint host galaxies. We also discuss the unexpected discovery of white dwarf binary systems through dramatic eclipses.
Drake, A. J.; Djorgovski, S. G.; Mahabal, A.; Graham, M. J.; Williams, R. [California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., CA 91225 (United States); Beshore, E.; Larson, S.; Boattini, A.; Gibbs, A.; Hill, R.; Kowalski, R. [Department of Planetary Sciences, University of Arizona, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, 1629 E. University Blvd., Tucson, AZ 85721 (United States); Christensen, E. [Gemini Observatory, Casilla 603, La Serena (Chile); Catelan, M. [Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Departamento de AstronomIa y AstrofIsica, Av. Vicuna Mackena 4860, 782-0436 Macul, Santiago (Chile)
Geek-Up[09.03.10] -- Innovative Silicon Wafers, Real-Time Power...
9.03.10 -- Innovative Silicon Wafers, Real-Time Power Traders and Petascale & Exascale Supercomputers Geek-Up09.03.10 -- Innovative Silicon Wafers, Real-Time Power Traders and...
Armored RNA as virus surrogate in a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay proficiency panel
second ring test to evaluate RT-PCR detection methods. Vet.real-time, reverse transcription-PCR assays for detection ofHigh-throughput real-time RT-PCR assay to detect the exotic
Hietala, S K; Crossley, B M
Quantification of enterococci and human adenoviruses in environmental samples by real-time PCR
uorogenic probe tech- nique (TaqMan PCR) to the detection of2003. Multiplexed, real-time PCR for quantitative detectionS. Sayler. 2003. Real-time PCR quanti?- cation of nitrifying
He, J W; Jiang, Sunny C
On the stability of wholesale electricity markets under real-time pricing
The paper proposes a mathematical model for the dynamic evolution of supply, demand, and clearing prices under a class of real-time pricing mechanisms characterized by passing on the real-time wholesale prices to the end ...
Roozbehani, Mardavij
CERTS 2012 Program Review - New Security Tools for Real-Time Operations - Jim McCalley, Iowa State
Security Tools for Real-Time Operation: Security Tools for Real-Time Operation: Risk-based security-constrained economic dispatch (RB-SCED) James D. McCalley Iowa State University firstname.lastname@example.com June 13, 2012 Acknowledgement: Qin Wang, Siddhartha Khaitan 1. Project Objective: Develop Risk-based Security Assessment and Market functions Provide new control-room software capabilities through: BETTER SECURITY & ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: Identify a more secure operating condition at lower production costs Risk-based security- constrained economic dispatch (RB-SCED) * more secure operating conditions * lower costs Achieve economic objective while managing system security +circuit security instead of only the latter. Function Concept Outcome Risk Index n k n k j j k j
Rapid Real-Time PCR Method for Bacterial Source Tracking Using DNA FRET Probes
Rapid Real-Time PCR Method for Bacterial Source Tracking Using DNA FRET Probes Jeff Brady, Research have developed a 10 locus genotyping method using real-time PCR with adjacent-hybridizing DNA: real-time PCR, FRET, Microbial Source Tracking #12;
An Automated Test Framework for Hard Real-Time Communication Systems
An Automated Test Framework for Hard Real-Time Communication Systems MITHUN HANUMANAHALLI NAGAIAH ii #12;An Automated Test Framework for Hard Real-Time Communication Systems Master thesis project are subjected to hard real-time communication require- ments. The purpose of this thesis is in introducing tools
Jantsch, Axel
Can critical real-time services of public infrastructures run over ethernet and MPLS networks?
With the adoption of Ethernet-IP as the main technology for building end-to-end real-time networks, the requirement to deliver high availability, quality and secure services over Ethernet and MPLS has become strategic. Critical real-time traffic is generally ... Keywords: MPLS, critical systems, ethernet, real-time networks
Jaime Lloret; Francisco Javier Sanchez; Hugo Coll; Fernando Boronat
Hardware support for WCET analysis of hard real-time multicore systems
The increasing demand for new functionalities in current and future hard real-time embedded systems like automotive, avionics and space industries is driving an increase in the performance required in embedded processors. Multicore processors represent ... Keywords: analyzability, cache partitioning, hard real-time, interconnection network, multicore, real-time embedded systems, wcet
Marco Paolieri; Eduardo Qui�ones; Francisco J. Cazorla; Guillem Bernat; Mateo Valero
The development of a versatile field program for measuring tritium in real-time
Robust sample handling and liquid scintillation counting procedures have been developed to routinely monitor tritium in the field relative to the 20,000 pCi/L drinking water standard. This procedure allows tritium to be monitored hourly during 24 hour drilling operations at depths in the saturated zone potentially contaminated by sub-surface nuclear weapons testing at the Nevada Test Site. Using retrofitted shock hardened and vibration damped counters and strict analytical protocols, tritium may be measured rapidly in the field under hostile conditions. Concentration standards and ``dead`` tritium backgrounds are prepared weekly in a central laboratory and delivered to remote monitoring locations where they are recounted daily as a check on counter efficiency and calibration. Portable counters are located in trailers and powered off a battery pack and line filter fed by mobile generator. Samples are typically ground-waters mixed with drilling fluids returned after circulation through a drill string. Fluids are aerated and ``de-foamed,`` filtered, mixed with scintillation cocktail and subsequently dark-adapted before counting. Besides meeting regulatory requirements, ``real-time`` monitoring affords drilling and field personnel maximum protection against potential exposure to radionuclides; for routine operations, tritium activities may not exceed a 10,000 pCi/L threshold.
Rego, J.H.; Smith, D.K.
market-monitor/downloads/mmu- reports/pjm-som-2004.pdf.Available at http://www.ucei.org. PJM Interconnection Market
Real Time Pricing Tie Line Control: A Case Study
A Tie Line Control System maintains the purchase quantity of electrical energy an industrial facility buys from a utility company. Implementing an advanced Tie Line Control system automates the buy versus make decision process for an industrial facility in order to optimize the use of energy by either a supply-side method or a demand-side method. If a facility possesses supply-side resources, such as self-generation, the user can choose to maximize on-site energy generation, when it is less expensive than the price offered by the utility. Conversely, when the price to buy energy is less expensive than it is to produce it, a facility may choose to back off on self-generation and buy more energy. One such Advanced Tie Line Control system, designed by Automation Applications, Incorporated (AAI) and installed at a pilot facility, utilizes a real-time pricing utility contract and provides savings approaching one million dollars per year. This paper is a case study of this system implementation and the results achieved.
Childress, R.
Systemwide Energy Minimization in Real-Time Embedded Systems
Traditionally, dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) techniques have focused on minimizing the processor power consumption as opposed to the entire system energy. However, the slowdown resulting from DVS can increase the energy consumption of components like memory and network interfaces. Furthermore, leakage power consumption, which is increasing with the scaling device technology, must also be considered. In this paper, we present an algorithm to compute task slowdown factors based on the contribution of the processor leakage and standby energy consumption of the resources in the system. We combine slowdown with procrastination of task executions to extend sleep intervals which significantly reduces the leakage energy consumption. We show that the scheduling approach minimizes the total static and dynamic energy consumption of the systemwide resources. In this work, we consider a real-time system model using the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) policy. Our simulation experiments using randomly generated task sets show on an average 10% energy gains over traditional dynamic voltage scaling. Our procrastination scheme increases the average energy savings to 15%.
Ravindra Jejurikar; Rajesh Gupta
Cybersecurity through Real-Time Distributed Control Systems
Critical infrastructure sites and facilities are becoming increasingly dependent on interconnected physical and cyber-based real-time distributed control systems (RTDCSs). A mounting cybersecurity threat results from the nature of these ubiquitous and sometimes unrestrained communications interconnections. Much work is under way in numerous organizations to characterize the cyber threat, determine means to minimize risk, and develop mitigation strategies to address potential consequences. While it seems natural that a simple application of cyber-protection methods derived from corporate business information technology (IT) domain would lead to an acceptable solution, the reality is that the characteristics of RTDCSs make many of those methods inadequate and unsatisfactory or even harmful. A solution lies in developing a defense-in-depth approach that ranges from protection at communications interconnect levels ultimately to the control system s functional characteristics that are designed to maintain control in the face of malicious intrusion. This paper summarizes the nature of RTDCSs from a cybersecurity perspec tive and discusses issues, vulnerabilities, candidate mitigation approaches, and metrics.
Kisner, Roger A [ORNL; Manges, Wayne W [ORNL; MacIntyre, Lawrence Paul [ORNL; Nutaro, James J [ORNL; Munro Jr, John K [ORNL; Ewing, Paul D [ORNL; Howlader, Mostofa [ORNL; Kuruganti, Phani Teja [ORNL; Wallace, Richard M [ORNL; Olama, Mohammed M [ORNL
Real time curriculum map for internal medicine residency
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: To manage the voluminous formal curriculum content in a limited amount of structured teaching time, we describe the development and evaluation of a curriculum map for academic half days (AHD) in a core internal medicine residency program. Methods: We created a 3-year cyclical curriculum map (an educational tool combining the content, methodology and timetabling of structured teaching), comprising a matrix of topics under various specialties/themes and corresponding AHD hours. All topics were cross-matched against the ACP-ASIM in-training examination, and all hours were colour coded based on the categories of core competencies. Residents regularly updated the map on a real time basis. Results: There were 208 topics covered in 283 AHD hours. All topics represented core competencies with minimal duplication (78 % covered once in 3 years). Only 42 hours (15%) involved non-didactic teaching, which increased after implementation of the map (18�19 hours/year versus baseline 5 hours/year). Most AHD hours (78%) focused on medical expert competencies. Resident satisfaction (90 % response) was high throughout (range 3.64 � 0.21, 3.84 � 0.14 out of 4),
Roger Y Wong; J Mark Roberts; Roger Y Wong; J Mark Roberts
Real-Time Out-of-Core Rendering
Hierarchical levels of details (HLODs) have proven to be an efficient way to visualize complex environments and models even in an out-of-core system. Large objects are partitioned into a spatial hierarchy and for each node a level of detail is generated for efficient view-dependent rendering. To ensure correct matching between adjacent nodes in the hierarchy care has to be taken to prevent cracks along the cuts. This either leads to severe simplification constraints at the cuts and thus to a significantly higher number of triangles or the need for a costly runtime stitching of these nodes. In this paper we present an out-of-core visualization algorithm that overcomes this problem by filling the cracks generated by the simplification algorithm with appropriately shaded Fat Borders. Furthermore, several minor yet important improvements of previous approaches are made. This way we come up with a simple nevertheless efficient viewdependent rendering technique which allows for the natural incorporation of state-of-theart culling, simplification, compression and prefetching techniques leading to real-time rendering performance of the overall system. Several examples demonstrate the efficiency of our approach.
Michael Guthe; Pavel Borodin; Reinhard Klein
Real-time multi-mode neutron multiplicity counter
Embodiments are directed to a digital data acquisition method that collects data regarding nuclear fission at high rates and performs real-time preprocessing of large volumes of data into directly useable forms for use in a system that performs non-destructive assaying of nuclear material and assemblies for mass and multiplication of special nuclear material (SNM). Pulses from a multi-detector array are fed in parallel to individual inputs that are tied to individual bits in a digital word. Data is collected by loading a word at the individual bit level in parallel, to reduce the latency associated with current shift-register systems. The word is read at regular intervals, all bits simultaneously, with no manipulation. The word is passed to a number of storage locations for subsequent processing, thereby removing the front-end problem of pulse pileup. The word is used simultaneously in several internal processing schemes that assemble the data in a number of more directly useable forms. The detector includes a multi-mode counter that executes a number of different count algorithms in parallel to determine different attributes of the count data.
Rowland, Mark S; Alvarez, Raymond A
Achieving Superior Plant Energy Performance Utilizing Real-time Data
After years of attempting to streamline operations in an effort to reduce operational costs, many industrial manufacturers are turning to strategic energy management as a potential money-saving strategy. In their efforts, managers face a number of significant barriers such as low awareness and expertise, elevated financial hurdle rate, lack of capital allocation and procurement constraints. In addition, energy efficiency efforts may be hampered by traditional single point energy reduction methods such as reviewing utility bills, getting equipment upgrade suggestions from vendors or one-time energy audits. Research demonstrates that these techniques have neither the visibility nor continuity to achieve energy reductions that are consistent and persistent. With the right Best Practices, however, using new methodologies and technologies unavailable only a few years ago, enterprises can achieve dramatic energy reductions and their resulting cost savings. These Best Practices are founded on 1) application of a systematic methodology for understanding where energy is used and how to reduce it; and 2) achieving visibility into sufficiently granular real-time information on key performance indicators; 3) integrating new technology into overall corporate strategy and processes to change behavior.
Subramanya, S.
Monitoring and Evaluation of Smolt Migration in the Columbia Basin : Volume IX : Evaluation of the 2001 Predictions of the Run-Timing of Wild and Hatchery-Reared Migrant Salmon and Steelhead Trout Migrating to Lower Granite, Rock Island, McNary, and John Day Dams using Program RealTime.
Program RealTime provided tracking and forecasting of the 2001 inseason outmigration via the internet for eighteen PIT-tagged stocks of wild salmon and steelhead to Lower Granite and/or McNary dams and eleven passage-indexed stocks to Rock Island, McNary, or John Day dams. Nine of the PIT-tagged stocks tracked this year were new to the project. Thirteen ESUs of wild subyearling and yearling chinook salmon and steelhead, and one ESU of hatchery-reared sockeye salmon were tracked and forecasted to Lower Granite Dam. Eight wild ESUs of subyearling and yearling chinook salmon, sockeye salmon and steelhead were tracked to McNary Dam for the first time this year. Wild PIT-tagged ESUs tracked to Lower Granite Dam included yearling spring/summer chinook salmon release-recovery stocks (from Bear Valley Creek, Catherine Creek, Herd Creek, Imnaha River, Johnson Creek, Lostine River, Minam River, South Fork Salmon River, Secesh River, and Valley Creek), PIT-tagged wild runs-at-large of yearling chinook salmon and steelhead, and a PIT-tagged stock of subyearling fall chinook salmon. The stock of hatchery-reared PIT-tagged summer-run sockeye salmon smolts outmigrating to Lower Granite Dam, consisted this year of a new stock of fish from Alturas Lake Creek, Redfish Lake Creek Trap and Sawtooth Trap. The passage-indexed stocks, counted using FPC passage indices, included combined wild- and hatchery-reared runs-at-large of subyearling and yearling chinook, coho, and sockeye salmon, and steelhead migrating to Rock Island and McNary dams, and, new this year, combined wild and hatchery subyearling chinook salmon to John Day Dam. Unusual run-timing and fish passage characteristics were observed in this low-flow, negligible-spill migration year. The period for the middle 80% of fish passage (i.e., progress from the 10th to the 90th percentiles) was unusually short for nine out of ten PIT-tagged yearling spring/summer chinook salmon stocks tracked to Lower Granite Dam. It was the shortest on record for seven of these ten stocks. The nine stocks recording unusually short middle 80% periods also recorded higher-than-average recovery percentages. However the opposite trend was observed for the PIT-tagged wild subyearling chinook salmon and hatchery sockeye salmon stocks whose middle 80% period of passage to Lower Granite Dam was average to above average. Recovery percentages for these two stocks were average, compared to historical recoveries. The performance results of Program RealTime to make accurate predictions of percentiles of fish passage at an index site were mixed this year. The release-recovery stocks of wild PIT-tagged spring/summer chinook salmon tracked to Lower Granite Dam were predicted less accurately than usual, on average, with two exceptions. One of these exceptions was a stock that had its best prediction (first-half, last-half, and season-wide) ever to occur. On average, however, performance was down for predicting these stocks. The RealTime Select composite season-wide MAD was 4.3%, larger than the historical average of 2.1%. Passage percentiles for PIT-tagged runs-at-large of wild Snake River yearling and subyearling chinook salmon and of wild steelhead outmigrating to Lower Granite Dam were predicted very well this year, their second year of inclusion in the project, with season-wide MADs of 3.6%, 4.7%, and 1.8% respectively. These results, too, were mixed with respect to comparison with last year's performance. The yearling chinook stock was predicted somewhat better last year (up from 1.7% last year to 3.6% this year) but the subyearling chinook salmon and steelhead stocks were predicted better this year than last, season-wide. The steelhead stock, in particular, was predicted much better this year than last year, down to 1.8% this year from 4.8% last year. The PIT-tagged runs-at-large of wild salmon and steelhead tracked to McNary Dam in 2001 for the first time, were also well-predicted. In particular, the Snake River stocks were well-predicted, with season-wide MADs of 4.7% for subyearling chinook salmon, 3.3% for year
Burgess, Caitlin; Skalski, John R.
Long-Range Untethered Real-Time Live Gas Main Robotic Inspection System
Under funding from the Department of Energy (DOE) and the Northeast Gas Association (NGA), Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) developed an untethered, wireless remote controlled inspection robot dubbed Explorer. The project entailed the design and prototyping of a wireless self-powered video-inspection robot capable of accessing live 6- and 8-inch diameter cast-iron and steel mains, while traversing turns and Ts and elbows under real-time control with live video feedback to an operator. The design is that of a segmented actively articulated and wheel-leg powered robot design, with fisheye imaging capability and self-powered battery storage and wireless real-time communication link. The prototype was functionally tested in an above ground pipe-network, in order to debug all mechanical, electrical and software subsystems, and develop the necessary deployment and retrieval, as well as obstacle-handling scripts. A pressurized natural gas test-section was used to certify it for operation in natural gas at up to 60 psig. Two subsequent live-main field-trials in both cast-iron and steel pipe, demonstrated its ability to be safely launched, operated and retrieved under real-world conditions. The system's ability to safely and repeatably exidrecover from angled and vertical launchers, traverse multi-thousand foot long pipe-sections, make T and varied-angle elbow-turns while wirelessly sending live video and handling command and control messages, was clearly demonstrated. Video-inspection was clearly shown to be a viable tool to understand the state of this critical buried infrastructure, irrespective of low- (cast-iron) or high-pressure (steel) conditions. This report covers the different aspects of specifications, requirements, design, prototyping, integration and testing and field-trialing of the Explorer platform.
Hagen Schempf; Daphne D'Zurko
timetables on track. Working much like a sophisticated spell-checker for software, Goanna detects issues / Bldg 193 (Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering) The University of Melbourne VIC 3010 Tel: +61 research. NICTA drives innovation through high-quality research, research training and technology transfer
Goldwasser, Shafi
STEMS-RT 1.0: Short-Term Electricity Market Simulator (Real Time), Demonstration Version 1.0
The Short-Term Electricity Market Simulator (Real Time) Demonstration Version 1.0 (STEMS-RT 1.0) allows the user to simulate simple examples of electricity markets. Description: The STEMS-RT 1.0 software is based on EPRI's pioneering development and application of agent-based simulation for the study of decision-making associated with electricity markets. In fact, the Nobel Prize in Economics was recently awarded to earlier pioneers of such investigations using people and otherwise known as experimental ...
Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Can Real-Time Pricing Support Retail Competition and Demand Response?
are paying prices indexed to the real-time spot market, andusage at hourly prices indexed to the real-time and/or day-who pay prices indexed to the real-time market. Utility and
Barbose, Galen; Bharvirkar, Ranjit; Goldman, Charles; Hopper, Nicole; Neenan, Bernie
Evolution of small real-time IBM computer systems
In parallel with the development of data processing applications for computers, effort was directed to other areas in which computers might provide benefits for the user. One early effort was the application of computers tot he monitoring and control ...
Thomas J. Harrison; Bruce W. Landeck; Hal K. St. Clair
A real-time adaptive control of autonomic computing environments
Autonomic computing has received a great deal of attention from the research community in recent years. Many techniques have been proposed to monitor, analyze, and change the system under observation, but less attention has been paid to adapting the ...
Bogdan Solomon; Dan Ionescu; Marin Litoiu; Mircea Mihaescu
A real-time emergency response workstation using a 3-D numerical model initialized with sodar
Many emergency response dispersion modeling systems provide simple Gaussian models driven by single meteorological tower inputs to estimate the downwind consequences from accidental spills or stack releases. Complex meteorological or terrain settings demand more sophisticated resolution of the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere to reliably calculate plume dispersion. Mountain valleys and sea breeze flows are two common examples of such settings. To address these complexities, the authors have implemented the three-dimensional diagnostic MATHEW mass-adjusted wind field and ADPIC particle-in-cell dispersion models on a workstation for use in real-time emergency response modeling. MATHEW/ADPIC have shown their utility in a variety of complex settings over the last 15 years within the Department of Energy`s Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) project. The models are initialized using an array of surface wind measurements from meteorological towers coupled with vertical profiles from an acoustic sounder (sodar). The workstation automatically acquires the meteorological data every 15 minutes. A source term is generated using either defaults or a real-time stack monitor. Model outputs include contoured isopleths displayed on site geography or plume densities shown over 3-D color shaded terrain. The models are automatically updated every 15 minutes to provide the emergency response manager with a continuous display of potentially hazardous ground-level conditions if an actual release were to occur. Model run time is typically less than 2 minutes on 6 megaflop ({approximately}30 MIPS) workstations. Data acquisition, limited by dial-up modem communications, requires 3 to 5 minutes.
Lawver, B.S.; Sullivan, T.J. [Lawrence Livermore National Lab., CA (US); Baskett, R.L. [EG& G Energy Measurements, Inc., Pleasanton, CA (US)
This report describes the development and application of a dispatch optimization algorithm for integrated energy systems (IES) comprised of on-site cogeneration of heat and electricity, energy storage devices, and demand response opportunities. This work is intended to aid commercial and industrial sites in making use of modern computing power and optimization algorithms to make informed, near-optimal decisions under significant uncertainty and complex objective functions. The optimization algorithm uses a finite set of randomly generated future scenarios to approximate the true, stochastic future; constraints are included that prevent solutions to this approximate problem from deviating from solutions to the actual problem. The algorithm is then expressed as a mixed integer linear program, to which a powerful commercial solver is applied. A case study of United States Postal Service Processing and Distribution Centers (P&DC) in four cities and under three different electricity tariff structures is conducted to (1) determine the added value of optimal control to a cogeneration system over current, heuristic control strategies; (2) determine the value of limited electric load curtailment opportunities, with and without cogeneration; and (3) determine the trade-off between least-cost and least-carbon operations of a cogeneration system. Key results for the P&DC sites studied include (1) in locations where the average electricity and natural gas prices suggest a marginally profitable cogeneration system, optimal control can add up to 67% to the value of the cogeneration system; optimal control adds less value in locations where cogeneration is more clearly profitable; (2) optimal control under real-time pricing is (a) more complicated than under typical time-of-use tariffs and (b) at times necessary to make cogeneration economic at all; (3) limited electric load curtailment opportunities can be more valuable as a compliment to the cogeneration system than alone; and (4) most of the trade-off between least-cost and least-carbon IES is determined during the system design stage; for the IES system considered, there is little difference between least-cost control and least-carbon control.
Development of modular real-time software for the TALARIS lunar hopper testbed
Hoppers have recently emerged as a viable means for planetary exploration, and as with any new vehicle, significant testing is required to validate guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) algorithms. Furthermore, the ...
Han, Christopher J. (Christopher Jinhyun)
A Real-Time Software Receiver for the GPS and Galileo L1 Signals
stellites nd IP hnE nels for trking qlileo stellitesF he reeiver onsists of q vI p front endD dt signlF he suessful live trking of q nd qlileo stellites using this p front end demonstrtes the fesiility pilities of QFR qrz sntel entium R gF I. INTRODUCTION e relEtime glol nvigtion stellite system @qx
Psiaki, Mark L.
System level energy management in networked real-time embedded systems.
??Real-time embedded systems play a prominent role in a variety of applications ranging from medical sensors in human body to signaling sensors in war fields.� (more)
Gathala, Sudha Anil Kumar
Search Method for Real-time Knowledge Discovery Modeled on the ...
Search Method for Real-time Knowledge Discovery Modeled on the Human Brain Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Contact ORNL About This Technology
Certification of Instrumentation Techniques for Resources Management of Real-Time Systems.
??Dynamic real-time systems have to meet timing requirements in unpredictable environments, where available resources might vary, running tasks might change, and task workloads might differ.� (more)
Tan, Zhenyu
Method and Apparatus for In-Situ Real Time Characterization of ...
Method and Apparatus for In-Situ Real Time Characterization of Energy Storage and Energy Conversion Devices Idaho National Laboratory. Contact INL ...
A Real-Time Simulator for Doubly Fed Induction Generator based Wind Turbine Applications
Abstract- This paper describes a real-time simulator of wind turbine generator system suitable for controller design and tests. The simulated generator is a grid-connected doubly fed induction machine with back-to-back PWM voltage source vector control of the rotor. The simulator is based on RT-LAB real-time simulation platform that allows for easy model-to-real-time-target design from Simulink models. The paper puts special emphasis on the fixed-step simulation problematic of kHz-range PWM inverter drives and the techniques used in the real-time simulator to accurately simulate those drives.
Christian Dufour; Jean B�langer
Roberts: Reconfigurable Platform for Benchmarking Real-time Systems
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London, UK p-time properties and energy consumption. The benchmarking takes into account system workload and environmental-test, and with support for on-line monitoring of the response time, output values and energy consumption. The proposed
Luk, Wayne
Accuracy of Real-time Couch Tracking During 3-dimensional Conformal Radiation Therapy, Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy, and Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy for Prostate Cancer
Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of real-time couch tracking for prostate cancer. Methods and Materials: Intrafractional motion trajectories of 15 prostate cancer patients were the basis for this phantom study; prostate motion had been monitored with the Calypso System. An industrial robot moved a phantom along these trajectories, motion was detected via an infrared camera system, and the robotic HexaPOD couch was used for real-time counter-steering. Residual phantom motion during real-time tracking was measured with the infrared camera system. Film dosimetry was performed during delivery of 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3D-CRT), step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Results: Motion of the prostate was largest in the anterior-posterior direction, with systematic ( N-Ary-Summation ) and random ({sigma}) errors of 2.3 mm and 2.9 mm, respectively; the prostate was outside a threshold of 5 mm (3D vector) for 25.0%{+-}19.8% of treatment time. Real-time tracking reduced prostate motion to N-Ary-Summation =0.01 mm and {sigma} = 0.55 mm in the anterior-posterior direction; the prostate remained within a 1-mm and 5-mm threshold for 93.9%{+-}4.6% and 99.7%{+-}0.4% of the time, respectively. Without real-time tracking, pass rates based on a {gamma} index of 2%/2 mm in film dosimetry ranged between 66% and 72% for 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT, on average. Real-time tracking increased pass rates to minimum 98% on average for 3D-CRT, IMRT, and VMAT. Conclusions: Real-time couch tracking resulted in submillimeter accuracy for prostate cancer, which transferred into high dosimetric accuracy independently of whether 3D-CRT, IMRT, or VMAT was used.
Wilbert, Juergen; Baier, Kurt [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany); Hermann, Christian [Department of Computer Sciences VII, Robotics, and Telematics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany)] [Department of Computer Sciences VII, Robotics, and Telematics, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany); Flentje, Michael [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany); Guckenberger, Matthias, E-mail: email@example.com [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany)] [Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg (Germany)
ARAC: A flexible real-time dose consequence assessment system
Since its beginning, the Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC), an emergency radiological dose assessment service of the US Government, has been called on to do consequence assessments for releases into the atmosphere of radionuclides and a variety of other substances. Some of the more noteworthy emergency responses have been for the Three Mile Island and Chernobyl nuclear power reactor accidents, and more recently, for a cloud of gases from a rail-car spill into the Sacramento river of the herbicide metam sodium, smoke from hundreds of burning oil wells in Kuwait, and ash clouds from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo. The spatial scales of these responses range from local, to regional, to global, and the response periods from hours, to weeks, to months. Because of the variety of requirements of each unique assessment, ARAC has developed and maintains a flexible system of people, computer software and hardware.
Ellis, J.S.; Sullivan, T.J.
Neural-optimal control algorithm for real-time regulation of in-line storage in combined sewer systems
Attempts at implementing real-time control systems as a cost-effective means of minimizing the pollution impacts of untreated combined sewer overflows have largely been unsustained due to the complexity of the real-time control problem. Optimal real-time ... Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Combined sewers, Hydraulic sewer models, Neural networks, Optimal control, Real-time control, Urban stormwater management
Suseno Darsono; John W. Labadie
CERTS 2012 Program Review - Real-Time Wide-Area Montoring Tool Based on CELL Method - Yuri Makarov, PNNL
DOE/CERTS Internal Program Review DOE/CERTS Internal Program Review Real-Time Wide-Area Monitoring Tool Based on Characteristic Ellipsoid Method (CELL) Yuri Makarov Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com) June 12-13, 2012 Washington DC 2 Acknowledgements Phil N. Overholt, DOE Jeff E. Dagle, PNNL, CERTS PM Joe H. Eto, LBNL, CERTS PM Jian Ma, Burns & McDonnell, Former Project Lead 3 Project Objectives and Quick Overview Objective: Develop a relatively simple, easy-to-implement and easy-to-use tool to monitor, predict and control the dynamic behavior of power systems for wide-area situational awareness, prediction and decision making support for operators Specific Objectives: Monitor dynamic behaviors of power systems
Reactive and Real-Time Systems Course: How to Get the Most Out of it
The paper describes the syllabus and the students� projects from a graduate course on the subject of �Reactive and Real-Time Systems�, taught at Tel-Aviv University and at the Open University of Israel. The course focuses on the development ... Keywords: course syllabus, reactive real-time systems, scheduling, synchronous languages, verification
Tal Lev-Ami; Shmuel S. Tyszberowicz
A multiple camera system with real-time volume reconstruction for articulated skeleton pose tracking
We present a multi-camera system for recovering skeleton body pose, by performing real-time volume reconstruction and using a hierarchical stochastic pose search algorithm. Different from many multicamera systems that require a few connected workstations, ... Keywords: multi-camera system, pose estimation, real-time volume reconstruction
Zheng Zhang; Hock Soon Seah; Chee Kwang Quah; Alex Ong; Khalid Jabbar
Robust and accurate global vision system for real time tracking of multiple mobile robots
This paper presents a new global vision system for tracking of multiple mobile robots. To the best knowledge of the authors it outperforms all existing global vision systems with respect to measurement precision and accuracy, high speed and real time ... Keywords: Global vision, Intelligent space, Multirobot systems, Real time object tracking, Robot soccer
Mi�el Brezak; Ivan Petrovi?; Edouard Ivanjko
A real-time shadow approach for an augmented reality application using shadow volumes
Shadows add a level of realism to a rendered image. Moreover, they are used as visual clues to determine spacial relationships and real-time shadows will gain importance in current real-time computer graphics applications for this reason. Twenty-five ... Keywords: augmented reality, shadow volumes
Michael Haller; Stephan Drab; Werner Hartmann
Verifying Timing Constraints of Real-Time Systems by Means of Evolutionary Testing
Many industrial products are based on the use of embedded computer systems. Usually, these systems have to fulfil real-time requirements, and correct system functionality depends on their logical correctness as well as on their temporal correctness. ... Keywords: Real-time systems, evolutionary algorithm, evolutionary optimization, evolutionary testing, temporal behavior, temporal correctness , test strategy, testing, validation, verification
Joachim Wegener; Matthias Grochtmann
An optimal k-exclusion real-time locking protocol motivated by multi-GPU systems
Graphics processing units (GPUs) are becoming increasingly important in today's platforms as their growing generality allows for them to be used as powerful co-processors. In previous work, the authors showed that GPUs may be integrated into real-time ... Keywords: GPGPU, Global scheduling, Real-time systems, Semaphore protocols
Glenn A. Elliott; James H. Anderson
Impact of storage on the efficiency and prices in real-time electricity markets
We study the effect of energy-storage systems in dynamic real-time electricity markets. We consider that demand and renewable generation are stochastic, that real-time production is affected by ramping constraints, and that market players seek to selfishly ... Keywords: electricity pricing, energy economics, energy storage system, market efficiency
Nicolas Gast, Jean-Yves Le Boudec, Alexandre Prouti�re, Dan-Cristian Tomozei
Eventrons: a safe programming construct for high-frequency hard real-time applications
While real-time garbage collection has achieved worst-case latencies on the order of a millisecond, this technology is approaching its practical limits. For tasks requiring extremely low latency, and especially periodic tasks with frequencies above 1 ... Keywords: allocation, real-time, scheduling
Daniel Spoonhower; Joshua Auerbach; David F. Bacon; Perry Cheng; David Grove
Real-time Eulerian water simulation using a restricted tall cell grid
We present a new Eulerian fluid simulation method, which allows real-time simulations of large scale three dimensional liquids. Such scenarios have hitherto been restricted to the domain of off-line computation. To reduce computation time we use a hybrid ... Keywords: fluid simulation, multigrid, real time, tall cell grid
Nuttapong Chentanez; Matthias M�ller
Real-Time 2D NMR Identification of Analytes Undergoing Continuous Chromatographic Separation
Real-Time 2D NMR Identification of Analytes Undergoing Continuous Chromatographic Separation Boaz of multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra within a single scan. A promising application opened up, with the real-time acquisition of a series of 2D 1 H NMR spectra arising from a mixture of compounds subject
Frydman, Lucio
Hybrid power management in real time embedded systems: an interplay of DVFS and DPM techniques
Energy-aware scheduling of real time applications over multiprocessor systems is considered in this paper. Early research reports that while various energy-saving policies, for instance Dynamic Power Management (DPM) and Dynamic Voltage & Frequency ... Keywords: Dynamic power management, Dynamic voltage & frequency scaling, Energy, Machine learning, Multiprocessor scheduling, Power, Real time systems
Muhammad Khurram Bhatti; C�cile Belleudy; Michel Auguin
A STEP-compliant computer numerical control based on real-time Ethernet for circuit boardmilling
With the globalisation of manufacturing industry, extendable and networked computer numerical control systems that can support bidirectional and seamless data exchange are in urgent need. This paper presents a STEP-NC compliant controller based on Real-time ... Keywords: Gerber, Real-time Ethernet RTE, STEP-NC, circuit board milling, computer numerical control CNC
Ke Wang; Riliang Liu; Xun Xu; Chenrui Zhang; Lin Yang
The Fixed Priority Scheduling Problem for Energy Harvesting Real-Time Systems
The Fixed Priority Scheduling Problem for Energy Harvesting Real-Time Systems Younès Chandarli to establish a schedulability test for a fixed priority real-time scheduling problem with energy constraints problem for energy harvesting systems was the one of Mossé [1]. The problem was solved under a very
Hard Real-Time Garbage Collection on Chip Multi-Processors
Hard Real-Time Garbage Collection on Chip Multi-Processors DISSERTATION submitted in partial are however not suited for use in hard real-time systems. As a failure in these systems can have catastrophic of the respective system. In the past few years, methods for garbage collection that are suitable for use in hard
Real-time observation of lithium fibers growth inside a nanoscale lithium-ion battery
Real-time observation of lithium fibers growth inside a nanoscale lithium-ion battery Hessam August 2011; accepted 29 August 2011; published online 22 September 2011) Formation of lithium dendrite to observe the real-time nucleation and growth of the lithium fibers inside a nanoscale Li-ion battery. Our
Endres. William J.
An Approach to Platform Independent Real-Time Programming: (2) Practical Application
In a previously published companion paper a method for extending programming languages with timing constructs was proposed. It was shown that the extension enables the construction of real-time programs that can be proven correct independently of ... Keywords: distributed systems, platform independence, real-time programming, scheduling
Jozef Hooman; Onno Van Roosmalen
Progress towards a low-cost high-speed real-time multi-rate simulator
Recent research has focused on developing techniques that use field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to support real-time simulation with frame times of a few microseconds or less. These techniques can be used to simulate, for example, modern power electronic ... Keywords: FPGA, distributed, high-speed, multi-rate, real-time
John Zenor; Dale Word; Richard Bednar; Roy Crosbie; Narain Hingorani
Energy-Efficient Speed Scheduling for Real-Time Tasks under Thermal Constraints
Energy-Efficient Speed Scheduling for Real-Time Tasks under Thermal Constraints Shengquan Wang. We develop energy-efficient speed scheduling schemes for frame-based real-time tasks under thermal in order to achieve thermal-constrained energy-efficient design. However, this does not work. The existing
Wang, Shengquan
Patterns for Automatic Generation of Soft Real-time System Models
Worst-case assumptions about the timing of systems are often too conservative when analyzing distributed soft real-time systems as they lead to over-dimensioned and expensive products. For these systems, a certain percentage of deadline misses is often ... Keywords: Modeling patterns, pattern-based system description, soft real-time systems, stochastic model
Oana Florescu; Jeroen Voeten; Bart Theelen; Henk Corporaal
An Integrated Development Of A Dynamic Software-Fault Monitoring System
The problems being solved by today's software systems are becoming more complex and are requiring the integration of knowledge from multiple domains. As a result, traditional verification and validation techniques may not be sufficient to identify the ...
A. Q. Gates; P. J. Teller
CERTS Review REAL-TIME PRICE FORECAST WITH BIG DATA A STATE SPACE APPROACH
Review Review REAL-TIME PRICE FORECAST WITH BIG DATA A STATE SPACE APPROACH Lang Tong (PI), Robert J. Thomas, Yuting Ji, and Jinsub Kim School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University Jie Mei, Georgia Institute of Technology August 7, 2013 CERTS Review DATA QUALITY AND ITS EFFECTS ON MARKET OPERATIONS DENY OF SERVICE ATTACK ON REAL-TIME ELECTRICITY MARKET COVER UP PROTECTION AGAINST TOPOLOGY ATTACK Lang Tong (PI), Robert J. Thomas, and Jinsub Kim Cornell University August 8, 2013 Project overview Objectives Accurate short-term probabilistic forecasting of real-time LMP. Incorporate real-time measurements (e.g. SCADA/PMU). Scalable computation techniques. Summary of results A real-time LMP model with forecasting and measurement
Environmental Measurement While Drilling System for Real-Time Field Screening of Contaminants
Sampling during environmental drilling is essential to fully characterize the spatial distribution and migration of subsurface contaminants. However, analysis of the samples is expensive and time-consuming: off-site laboratory analysis can take weeks or months. Real-time information on environmental conditions, drill bit location and temperature during drilling is valuable in many environmental restoration operations. This type of information can be used to provide field screening data and improved efficiency of site characterization activities. The Environmental Measurement-While-Drilling (EMWD) System represents an innovative blending of new and existing technology in order to obtain real-time data during drilling. The system consists of two subsystems. The down-hole subsystem (at the drill bit) consists of sensors, a power supply, a signal conditioning and transmitter board, and a radio-frequency (RF) coaxial cable. The up-hole subsystem consists of a battery pack/coil, pickup coil, receiver, and personal computer. The system is compatible with fluid miser drill pipe, a directional drilling technique that uses minimal drilling fluids and generates little to no secondary waste. In EMWD, downhole sensors are located behind the drill bit and linked by a high-speed data transmission system to a computer at the surface. Sandia-developed Windows{trademark}-based software is used for data display and storage. As drilling is conducted, data is collected on the nature and extent of contamination, enabling on-the-spot decisions regarding drilling and sampling strategies. Initially, the downhole sensor consisted of a simple gamma radiation detector, a Geiger-Mueller tube (GMT). The design includes data assurance techniques to increase safety by reducing the probability of giving a safe indication when an unsafe condition exists. The EMWD system has been improved by the integration of a Gamma Ray Spectrometer (GRS) in place of the GMT. The GRS consists of a sodium iodide-thallium activated crystal coupled to a photomultiplier tube (PMT). The output of the PMT goes to a multichannel analyzer (MCA).The MCA data is transmitted to the surface via a signal conditioning and transmitter board similar to that used with the GMT. The EMWD system is described and the results of the GRS field tests and field demonstration are presented.
Lockwood, G.J.; Normann, R.A.; Williams, C.V.
IN SITU Device for Real-Time Catalyst Deactivation Measurements
SCR catalyst management has become an important operations and maintenance activity for coal-fired utility boilers in the United States. To facilitate this activity, a method to determine Catalyst Activity in situ is being developed. This report describes the methodology and presents the results of a two ozone season demonstration conducted at Alabama Power Company's Gorgas Unit 10 during the 2005 and 2006 ozone seasons. The results showed that the in situ measurements are in good agreement with the laboratory measurements and the technique has some advantages over the traditional laboratory method of determining Catalyst Activity and Reactor Potential. SCR Performance is determined by the overall Reactor Potential (the product of the Catalyst Activity and the available surface area per unit of flue gas). The in situ approach provides a direct measurement of Reactor Potential under actual operating conditions, whereas laboratory measurements of Catalyst Activity need to be coupled with estimates of catalyst pluggage and flue gas flowrate in order to assess Reactor Potential. The project also showed that the in situ activity results can easily be integrated into catalyst management software to aid in making informed catalyst decisions.
Fossil Energy Research
Intelligent Software Agents: Sensor Integration and Response
Abstract In a post Macondo world the buzzwords are Integrity Management and Incident Response Management. The twin processes are not new but the opportunity to link the two is novel. Intelligent software agents can be used with sensor networks in distributed and centralized computing systems to enhance real-time monitoring of system integrity as well as manage the follow-on incident response to changing, and potentially hazardous, environmental conditions. The software components are embedded at the sensor network nodes in surveillance systems used for monitoring unusual events. When an event occurs, the software agents establish a new concept of operation at the sensing node, post the event status to a blackboard for software agents at other nodes to see , and then react quickly and efficiently to monitor the scale of the event. The technology addresses a current challenge in sensor networks that prevents a rapid and efficient response when a sensor measurement indicates that an event has occurred. By using intelligent software agents - which can be stationary or mobile, interact socially, and adapt to changing situations - the technology offers features that are particularly important when systems need to adapt to active circumstances. For example, when a release is detected, the local software agent collaborates with other agents at the node to exercise the appropriate operation, such as: targeted detection, increased detection frequency, decreased detection frequency for other non-alarming sensors, and determination of environmental conditions so that adjacent nodes can be informed that an event is occurring and when it will arrive. The software agents at the nodes can also post the data in a targeted manner, so that agents at other nodes and the command center can exercise appropriate operations to recalibrate the overall sensor network and associated intelligence systems. The paper describes the concepts and provides examples of real-world implementations including the Threat Detection and Analysis System (TDAS) at the International Port of Memphis and the Biological Warning and Incident Characterization System (BWIC) Environmental Monitoring (EM) Component. Technologies developed for these 24/7 operational systems have applications for improved real-time system integrity awareness as well as provide incident response (as needed) for production and field applications.
Kulesz, James J [ORNL; Lee, Ronald W [ORNL
Growth dynamics of pentacene thin films: Real-time synchrotron x-ray scattering study
Real-time synchrotron x-ray scattering in the anti-Bragg configuration was used to monitor the dynamics of pentacene film growth on inert substrates. A distributed-growth model, according to which pentacene molecules adsorbed on the nth layer can either nucleate and contribute to the growth of the (n+1)th layer or transfer downward and contribute to the growth of the nth layer, gave a good description of the data. For molecules adsorbed on the first and second layers, the probability of downward transfer was found to be dependent on the substrate, and independent of temperature within the range from 25 to 60 deg. C. For films grown on SiO{sub 2}, an Ehrlich-Schwoebel barrier of the order of 70 meV dominated downward transfer of pentacene molecules in layers away from the substrate. For films grown on an alkylated self-assembled monolayer, significant desorption of pentacene molecules from the substrate at elevated temperatures forced the growth mode toward the three-dimensional limit.
Mayer, Alex C.; Ruiz, Ricardo; Malliaras, George G. [Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States); Zhou, Hua; Headrick, Randall L. [Department of Physics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405 (United States); Kazimirov, Alexander [Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, Ithaca, New York 14853 (United States)
Real-time observation of fluctuations at the driven-dissipative Dicke phase transition
We experimentally study the influence of dissipation on the driven Dicke quantum phase transition, realized by coupling external degrees of freedom of a Bose-Einstein condensate to the light field of a high-finesse optical cavity. The cavity provides a natural dissipation channel, which gives rise to vacuum-induced fluctuations and allows us to observe density fluctuations of the gas in real-time. We monitor the divergence of these fluctuations over two orders of magnitude while approaching the phase transition and observe a behavior which significantly deviates from that expected for a closed system. A correlation analysis of the fluctuations reveals the diverging time scale of the atomic dynamics and allows us to extract a damping rate for the external degree of freedom of the atoms. We find good agreement with our theoretical model including both dissipation via the cavity field and via the atomic field. Utilizing a dissipation channel to non-destructively gain information about a quantum many-body system provides a unique path to study the physics of driven-dissipative systems.
Ferdinand Brennecke; Rafael Mottl; Kristian Baumann; Renate Landig; Tobias Donner; Tilman Esslinger
The U-tube sampling methodology and real-time analysis of geofluids
The U-tube geochemical sampling methodology, an extension of the porous cup technique proposed by Wood [1973], provides minimally contaminated aliquots of multiphase fluids from deep reservoirs and allows for accurate determination of dissolved gas composition. The initial deployment of the U-tube during the Frio Brine Pilot CO{sub 2} storage experiment, Liberty County, Texas, obtained representative samples of brine and supercritical CO{sub 2} from a depth of 1.5 km. A quadrupole mass spectrometer provided real-time analysis of dissolved gas composition. Since the initial demonstration, the U-tube has been deployed for (1) sampling of fluids down gradient of the proposed Yucca Mountain High-Level Waste Repository, Armagosa Valley, Nevada (2) acquiring fluid samples beneath permafrost in Nunuvut Territory, Canada, and (3) at a CO{sub 2} storage demonstration project within a depleted gas reservoir, Otway Basin, Victoria, Australia. The addition of in-line high-pressure pH and EC sensors allows for continuous monitoring of fluid during sample collection. Difficulties have arisen during U-tube sampling, such as blockage of sample lines from naturally occurring waxes or from freezing conditions; however, workarounds such as solvent flushing or heating have been used to address these problems. The U-tube methodology has proven to be robust, and with careful consideration of the constraints and limitations, can provide high quality geochemical samples.
Freifeld, Barry; Perkins, Ernie; Underschultz, James; Boreham, Chris
Detecting internal corrosion of natural gas transmission pipelines: field tests of probes and systems for real-time corrosion measurement
A field study was conducted to evaluate the use of automated, multi-technique electrochemical corrosion-rate monitoring devices and probes for detecting corrosion in environments similar to those found in natural gas transmission pipelines. It involved measurement of real-time corrosion signals from operating pipelines. Results and interpretation were reported from four different field test locations. Standard flush-mount and custom flange probes were used in four different environments at a gas-gathering site and one environment but two different probe orientations at a natural gas site. These sites were selected to represent normal and upset conditions common in gas transmission pipelines. The environments consisted of two different levels of humidified natural gas, liquid hydrocarbon, and water from natural gas. Probe locations included the 6 and 12 o?clock positions of a natural gas pipeline carrying 2-phase gas/liquid flow. The probe data was monitored using completely remote solar powered systems that provided real-time data transmission via wireless back to a pipeline control station. Data are also presented comparing the ECR probe data to that for coupons used to determine corrosion rate and to detect the presence of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC).
Covino, Bernard S., Jr.; Bullard, Sophie J.; Cramer, Stephen D.; Holcomb, Gordon R.; Ziomek-Moroz, M.; Kane, R.D. (InterCorr International); Meidinger, B. (Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center)
Real-time combustion controls and diagnostics sensors (CCADS)
The present invention is directed to an apparatus for the monitoring of the combustion process within a combustion system. The apparatus comprises; a combustion system, a means for supplying fuel and an oxidizer, a device for igniting the fuel and oxidizer in order to initiate combustion, and a sensor for determining the current conducted by the combustion process. The combustion system comprises a fuel nozzle and an outer shell attached to the combustion nozzle. The outer shell defines a combustion chamber. Preferably the nozzle is a lean premix fuel nozzle (LPN). Fuel and an oxidizer are provided to the fuel nozzle at separate rates. The fuel and oxidizer are ignited. A sensor positioned within the combustion system comprising at least two electrodes in spaced-apart relationship from one another. At least a portion of the combustion process or flame is between the first and second electrodes. A voltage is applied between the first and second electrodes and the magnitude of resulting current between the first and second electrodes is determined.
Thornton, Jimmy D. (Morgantown, WV); Richards, George A. (Morgantown, WV); Dodrill, Keith A. (Fairmont, WV); Nutter, Jr., Roy S. (Morgantown, WV); Straub, Douglas (Morgantown, WV)
Real-Time Combustion Controls and Diagnostics Sensors (CCADS)
Thornton, J.D.; Richard, G.A.; Dodrill, K.A.; Nutter, R.S. Jr; Straub, D.
Building Energy Software Tools Directory: Prophet Load Profiler
Shots Keywords energy analysis, load profiling, cost comparison, energy budgeting, rate analysis, data collection, real-time monitoring, load shedding ValidationTesting NA...
Bayesian based design of real-time sensor systems for high-risk indoor contaminants
The sudden release of toxic contaminants that reach indoor spaces can be hazardousto building occupants. To respond effectively, the contaminant release must be quicklydetected and characterized to determine unobserved parameters, such as release locationand strength. Characterizing the release requires solving an inverse problem. Designinga robust real-time sensor system that solves the inverse problem is challenging becausethe fate and transport of contaminants is complex, sensor information is limited andimperfect, and real-time estimation is computationally constrained.This dissertation uses a system-level approach, based on a Bayes Monte Carloframework, to develop sensor-system design concepts and methods. I describe threeinvestigations that explore complex relationships among sensors, network architecture,interpretation algorithms, and system performance. The investigations use data obtainedfrom tracer gas experiments conducted in a real building. The influence of individual sensor characteristics on the sensor-system performance for binary-type contaminant sensors is analyzed. Performance tradeoffs among sensor accuracy, threshold level and response time are identified; these attributes could not be inferred without a system-level analysis. For example, more accurate but slower sensors are found to outperform less accurate but faster sensors. Secondly, I investigate how the sensor-system performance can be understood in terms of contaminant transport processes and the model representation that is used to solve the inverse problem. The determination of release location and mass are shown to be related to and constrained by transport and mixing time scales. These time scales explain performance differences among different sensor networks. For example, the effect of longer sensor response times is comparably less for releases with longer mixing time scales. The third investigation explores how information fusion from heterogeneous sensors may improve the sensor-system performance and offset the need for more contaminant sensors. Physics- and algorithm-based frameworks are presented for selecting and fusing information from noncontaminant sensors. The frameworks are demonstrated with door-position sensors, which are found to be more useful in natural airflow conditions, but which cannot compensate for poor placement of contaminant sensors. The concepts and empirical findings have the potential to help in the design of sensor systems for more complex building systems. The research has broader relevance to additional environmental monitoring problems, fault detection and diagnostics, and system design.
Sreedharan, Priya; Sreedharan, Priya
DHARMA: A Tool for Evaluating Dynamic Scheduling Algorithms for Real-time Multiprocessor Systems
A majority of today's real-time systems assume a priori knowledge of task characteristics and hence are based on static designs which contribute to their high cost and inflexibility. The next generation hard real-time systems must be designed to be dynamic and flexible. This provides the motivation to study various dynamic scheduling proposals. In this paper, we discuss the design and implementation of a tool, called DHARMA, which is an attempt towards satisfying such requirements. The tool provides an environment to study various dynamic scheduling algorithms with or without fault-tolerance requirements and associated resource reclaiming algorithms in a multiprocessor real-time system.
G. Manimaran; Anand Manikutty; C. Siva Ram Murthy
Class B monitoring program handbook for southeastern sites with data based on INIT2 software (applicable to heating season)
This document provides reference information on eight residences located in the southern part of the US which are being monitored under the Class B Passive Solar Monitoring Program. This handbook provides reference information on the sites and basic test conditions for the 1982-1983 winter heating season using software which is identified as INIT2. The manual is intended for use in data analysis work but is limited to this period of time because of basic differences in the control software and the related instrumentation system. This document is separated into individual sections for each site. The following information is provided for each site: (a) Site summary providing information on the structure, the passive solar features, the auxiliary heating system, and other related data; (b) Floor layouts with the sensor locations, etc.; (c) The One Time Value Log which records the results of field tests and calculations to determine the thermal characteristics, air infiltration rate, and other reference data; (d) The Analog/Digital Channel Log which provides calibration data; (e) The Status Channel Log which defines various event sensors; and (f) Program listings as used during the specified time periods during the heating season. Appendix A provides a summary of photographs which have been provided separately as part of the site documentation.
Gustashaw, D. H.
System Software Reliability, 1st edition
Computer software reliability has never been so important. Computers are used in areas as diverse as air traffic control, nuclear reactors, real-time military, industrial process control, security system control, biometric scan-systems, automotive, mechanical ...
H. Pham
Modelling and analysis of power consumption for component-based embedded software
With the increasing complexity of the real-time embedded software, the power consumption is becoming a real challenge in the system designs. In this paper, for modelling the component-based embedded software, the interface automata is extended by adding ... Keywords: component-based design, embedded software design, interface automata, model checking, power-aware computing, real-time system
Hu Jun; Li Xuandong; Zheng Guoliang; Wang Chenghua
A multichannel electronic monitor of acoustic behaviors, and software to parse individual channels
circuit that produced a TTL-level high whenever a soundcomparator that produces a TTL-high whenever a sound in thesimultaneously with the TTL output of the channel monitoring
Hedrick, Ann V; Mulloney, B
Estimating forest structural characteristics with airborne lidar scanning and a near-real time profiling laser systems
LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) directly measures canopy vertical structures, and provides an effective remote sensing solution to accurate and spatiallyexplicit mapping of forest characteristics, such as canopy height and Leaf Area Index. However, many factors, such as large data volume and high costs for data acquisition, precludes the operational and practical use of most currently available LiDARs for frequent and large-scale mapping. At the same time, a growing need is arising for realtime remote sensing platforms, e.g., to provide timely information for urgent applications. This study aims to develop an airborne profiling LiDAR system, featured with on-the-fly data processing, for near real- or real- time forest inventory. The development of such a system involves implementing the on-board data processing and analysis as well as building useful regression-based models to relate LiDAR measurements with forest biophysical parameters. This work established a paradigm for an on-the-fly airborne profiling LiDAR system to inventory regional forest resources in real- or near real- time. The system was developed based on an existing portable airborne laser system (PALS) that has been previously assembled at NASA by Dr. Ross Nelson. Key issues in automating PALS as an on-the-fly system were addressed, including the design of an archetype for the system workflow, the development of efficient and robust algorithms for automatic data processing and analysis, the development of effective regression models to predict forest biophysical parameters from LiDAR measurements, and the implementation of an integrated software package to incorporate all the above development. This work exploited the untouched potential of airborne laser profilers for realtime forest inventory, and therefore, documented an initial step toward developing airborne-laser-based, on-the-fly, real-time, forest inventory systems. Results from this work demonstrated the utility and effectiveness of airborne scanning or profiling laser systems for remotely measuring various forest structural attributes at a range of scales, i.e., from individual tree, plot, stand and up to regional levels. The system not only provides a regional assessment tool, one that can be used to repeatedly, remotely measure hundreds or thousands of square kilometers with little/no analyst interaction or interpretation, but also serves as a paradigm for future efforts in building more advanced airborne laser systems such as real-time laser scanners.
Zhao, Kaiguang
A non-intrusive fault tolerant framework for mission critical real-time systems
The need for dependable real-time systems for embedded application is growing, and, at the same time, so does the amount of functionality required from these systems. As testing can only show the presence of errors, not ...
Gorelov, S�bastien
Examination of a Real-Time 3DVAR Analysis System in the Hazardous Weather Testbed
Forecasters and research meteorologists tested a real-time three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) system in the Hazardous Weather Testbed during the springs of 2010-2012 to determine its capabilities to assist in the warning ...
Travis M. Smith; Jidong Gao; Kristin M. Calhoun; David J. Stensrud; Kevin L. Manross; Kiel L. Ortega; Chenghao Fu; Darrel M. Kingfield; Kimberly L. Elmore; Valliappa Lakshmanan; Christopher Riedel
Binary Segmentation of Video Sequences in Real Time Francisco J. HernandezLopez and Mariano Rivera
Binary Segmentation of Video Sequences in Real Time Francisco J. HernandezLopez and Mariano Rivera [8, 9]. Francisco Hernandez-Lopez and Mariano Rivera, Binary Segmentation of Video Sequences in Real
Rivera, Mariano
Joint Reliability and Energy Management for Real-Time Embedded Systems.
?? The Dynamic Voltage Scaling (DVS) technique is the basis of numerous state-of-the-art energy management schemes proposed for real-time embedded systems. However, recent research has� (more)
Zhao, Baoxian
Real-Time Operational Forecasting on Shipboard of the Iceland-Faeroe Frontal Variability
Real-time operational shipboard forecasts of Iceland-Faeroe frontal variability were executed for the first time with a primitive equation mode. High quality, intensive hydrographic surveys during August 1993 were used for initialization, ...
A. R. Robinson; H. G. Arango; W. G. Leslie; A. J. Miller; A. Warn-Varnas; P-M. Poulain
Real-Time Correction of Spatially Nonuniform Bias in Radar Rainfall Data Using Rain Gauge Measurements
A procedure for real-time correction of spatially nonuniform bias in radar rainfall data using rain gauge measurements is described. Developed to complement the existing gauge-based bias correction procedures used in the National Weather Service (...
Dong-Jun Seo; J. P. Breidenbach
Beyond kWh and kW demand: Understanding the new real-time electric...
Beyond kWh and kW demand: Understanding the new real-time electric power measurement system in LBNL Building 90 Speaker(s): Alex McEachern Date: January 14, 2010 - 12:00pm...
NREL: MIDC/NWTC M2 Real-Time Weather Display
NWTC M2 Real-Time Weather Display This page should automatically refresh every minute. A text based weather display for PDAs is also available. NREL MIDC NWTC M2...
A Real-Time Scheme for the Prediction of Forecast Skill
During the winter of 1988/89, a real-time experimental scheme to predict skill of the ECMWF operational forecast was devised. The scheme was based on statistical relations between skill scores (the predictands) and a number of predictors ...
Franco Molteni; T. N. Palmer
Real-Time Variational Assimilation of Hydrologic and Hydrometeorological Data into Operational Hydrologic Forecasting
Variational assimilation (VAR) of hydrologic and hydrometeorological data into operational hydrologic forecasting is explored. The data assimilated are the hourly real-time observations of streamflow and precipitation, and climatological ...
Dong-Jun Seo; Victor Koren; Neftali Cajina
Real-Time Inference of Mental States from Facial Expressions and Upper Body Gestures
We present a real-time system for detecting facial action units and inferring emotional states from head and shoulder gestures and facial expressions. The dynamic system uses three levels of inference on progressively ...
Baltrusaitis, Tadas
Real-time network traffic prediction based on a multiscale decomposition
The presence of the complex scaling behavior in network traffic makes accurate forecasting of the traffic a challenging task. In this paper we propose a multiscale decomposition approach to real time traffic prediction. The raw traffic data is first ...
Guoqiang Mao
Captured motion data processing for real time synthesis of sign language
This study proposes a roadmap for the creation and specification of a virtual humanoid capable of performing expressive gestures in real time. We present a gesture motion data acquisition protocol capable of handling the main articulators involved in ...
Alexis Heloir; Sylvie Gibet; Franck Multon; Nicolas Courty
Improving RUC-1 Wind Estimates by Incorporating Near-Real-Time Aircraft Reports
A verification study of wind accuracy is presented for wind nowcasts generated by augmenting Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) wind forecasts with near-real-time aircraft reports using the Integrated Terminal Weather System (ITWS) gridded winds algorithm. ...
Rodney E. Cole; Steve M. Green; Matt R. Jardin
Real-Time Bias Reduction for Satellite-Based Precipitation Estimates
A new approach to reduce biases in satellite-based estimates in real time is proposed and tested in this study. Currently satellite-based precipitation estimates exhibit considerable biases, and there have been many efforts to reduce these biases ...
Yudong Tian; Christa D. Peters-Lidard; John B. Eylander
A Real-Time Hurricane Surface Wind Forecasting Model: Formulation and Verification
A real-time hurricane wind forecast model is developed by 1) incorporating an asymmetric effect into the Holland hurricane wind model; 2) using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Hurricane Center�s (NHC) hurricane ...
Lian Xie; Shaowu Bao; Leonard J. Pietrafesa; Kristen Foley; Montserrat Fuentes
ORNL 2011-G00262/jcn UT-B ID 200601732 08.2011 Search Method for Real-time Knowledge Discovery Modeled on the Human Brain Technology Summary A new ...
Real-time quantitative PCR for enteric adenovirus serotype 40 in environmental waters
adenovirus detection by PCR as an index of human viruses.polluted waters by nested PCR amplification. Appl. Environ.real-time quantitative PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. Wigand, R. ,
Jiang, Sunny C; Dezfulian, H; Chu, W P
Integer programming-based real-time scheduler in semiconductor manufacturing
This paper demonstrates how an integer programming-based real-time scheduling heuristic approach can be applied for semiconductor manufacturing. Two integer programming formulations of a simplified version of this problem are proposed to model (1) a ...
Myoungsoo Ham; Young Hoon Lee; John W. Fowler
Improving energy saving in hard real time systems via a modified dual priority scheduling
In this paper, we present a modification of the Dual Priority scheduling algorithm, for hard real-time systems, that takes advantage of its performance to efficiently improve energy saving. The approach exploit the priority scheme to lengthen the runtime ...
M. Angels Moncusi; Alex Arenas; Jesus Labarta
Enhanced modeling : real-time simulation and modeling of graph based problems on interactive workbenches
This thesis presents a methodology and framework for designing systems that apply real-time simulation of computational models throughout the modeling and parameter modification stages of problem solving for graph based ...
Chak, Daniel, 1980-
Real-Time Water Vapor Maps from a GPS Surface Network: Construction, Validation, and Applications
In this paper the construction of real-time integrated water vapor (IWV) maps from a surface network of global positioning system (GPS) receivers is presented. The IWV maps are constructed using a two-dimensional variational technique with a ...
Siebren de Haan; Iwan Holleman; Albert A. M. Holtslag
Catching fish in the stream: real time analysis of audience behavior in social media
In this interactive poster, we describe a system we designed for identifying and tracking the behavior of distinct audiences in social media streams. Keywords: audience behavior, real-time analysis, social media
Yu-Ru Lin; Drew Margolin; Brian Keegan; Mauro Martino; Sasha Goodman; David Lazer
Real-Time Multimodel Superensemble Forecasts of Atlantic Tropical Systems of 1999
In this paper, Atlantic hurricane forecasts for the year 1999 are addressed. The methodology for these forecasts is called the multimodel superensemble. This statistical method makes use of the real-time forecasts provided by a number of ...
C. Eric Williford; T. N. Krishnamurti; Ricardo Correa Torres; Steven Cocke; Zaphiris Christidis; T. S. Vijaya Kumar
Use of a Real-Time Computer Graphics System in Analysis and Forecasting
Real-time computer graphics systems are being introduced into weather stations throughout the United States. A sample of student forecasters used such a system to solve specific specialized forecasting problems. Results suggest that for some ...
John J. Cahir; John M. Norman; Dale A. Lowry
Real-Time Airborne Analysis of Aircraft Data Supporting Operational Hurricane Forecasting
The Hurricane Research Division has developed a technique for real-time airborne analysis of aircraft data from reconnaissance and research flights in tropical cyclones. The technique uses an onboard workstation that analyzes flight-level ...
Joseph S. Griffin; Robert W. Burpee; Frank D. Marks Jr.; James L. Franklin
Real-time timbral organisation: Selecting samples based upon similarity1
A comparison is made between two systems of real-time sample selection using timbral proximity that has relevance for live performance. Sound files in large sample libraries are analysed for audio features (amplitude RMS, spectral centroid, spectral ...
Arne Eigenfeldt; Philippe Pasquier
Real-time programming and the big ideas of computational literacy
Though notoriously difficult, real-time programming offers children a rich new set of applications, and the opportunity to engage bodily knowledge and experience more centrally in intellectual enterprises. Moreover, the ...
Hancock, Christopher Michael, 1961-
Real-Time Prediction of the Lake Breeze on the Western Shore of Lake Michigan
A forecast verification study of the occurrence and inland penetration of the lake breeze on the western shore of Lake Michigan was conducted. A real-time version of The Pennsylvania State University�National Center for Atmospheric Research fifth-...
Paul J. Roebber; Mark G. Gehring
Real-Time Loop Scheduling with Energy Optimization Via DVS and ...
Real-Time Loop Scheduling with Energy. Optimization Via DVS and ABB for Multi -core. Embedded System. Guochen Hua1, Meng Wang1, Zili Shao1, Hui Liu2,�...
Real-time Expression Cloning using Appearance Models Barry-John Theobald
expressions to be transferred and rendered in real-time. 3) The mapped expression can be constrained to have of a complex interaction between various anatomical layers, which include bone, muscle, sub- cutaneous fat
Theobald, Barry-John
Energy-Efficient, Utility Accrual Real-Time Scheduling Under the Unimodal Arbitrary Arrival Model
We present an energy-efficient real-time scheduling algorithm called EUA*, for the unimodal arbitrary arrival model (or UAM). UAM embodies a "stronger" adversary than most arrival models. The algorithm considers application activities that are subject ...
Haisang Wu; Binoy Ravindran; E. Douglas Jensen
Dual-Regression Retrieval Algorithm for Real-Time Processing of Satellite Ultraspectral Radiances
A fast physically based dual-regression (DR) method is developed to produce, in real time, accurate profile and surface- and cloud-property retrievals from satellite ultraspectral radiances observed for both clear- and cloudy-sky conditions. The ...
William L. Smith Sr.; Elisabeth Weisz; Stanislav V. Kireev; Daniel K. Zhou; Zhenglong Li; Eva E. Borbas
Real-Time Forecasting of the Western Australian Summertime Trough: Evaluation of a New Regional Model
The real-time prediction of the location, strength, and structure of the summertime heat trough is a major forecasting problem over Western Australia. Maximum temperatures, wind strength and direction along the west coast, low-level coastal cloud,...
Lance M. Leslie; Terry C. L. Skinner
NOAA's nowCOAST Web Mapping Portal to Near-Real-Time Coastal...
NOAA's nowCOAST Web Mapping Portal to Near-Real-Time Coastal Information Ocean Data Tools Technical Guide Map Gallery Regional Planning Feedback Ocean You are here Data.gov ...
Real-Time Ocean Wind Vector Retrieval from Marine Radar Image Sequences Acquired at Grazing Angle
This paper proposes a novel algorithm for retrieving the ocean wind vector from marine radar image sequences in real time. It is presented as an alternative to mitigate anemometer problems, such as blockage, shadowing, and turbulence. Since wind ...
Raul Vicen-Bueno; Jochen Horstmann; Eric Terril; Tony de Paolo; Jens Dannenberg
Quasi-parallel network applications in real-time distribution management system
In modern distribution management systems (DMSs), the real-time calculation of the network's state plays an important role for the operation of the network. High sophisticated algorithms for the estimation and calculation of the system's ...
Izudin Dzafic; Hans-Theo Neisius
A Real-Time Climate Information System for the Midwestern United States
The Midwestern Climate Information System (MICIS) is a near real-time system which provides access to a wide variety of climate information products. These include current temperature and precipitation data for several hundred midwestern United ...
Kenneth E. Kunkel; Stanley A. Changnon; Carl G. Lonnquist; James R. Angel
Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability: Real-Time Modeling of Airborne Hazardous Materials
The Atmospheric Release Advisory Capability (ARAC) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is a centralized federal project for assessing atmospheric releases of hazardous materials in real time. Since ARAC began making assessments in 1974, the ...
Thomas J. Sullivan; James S. Ellis; Connee S. Foster; Kevin T. Foster; Ronald L. Baskett; John S. Nasstrom; Walter W. Schalk III
Real-Time Hazard Approximation of Long-Lasting Convective Storms Using Emergency Data
Convective storms cause several types of damage, including economic and ecological losses, every year. This paper focuses on an automatic hazard-level determination of convective storms based on a largely unused information source: real-time ...
Pekka J. Rossi; Vesa Hasu; Kalle Halmevaara; Antti M�kel�; Jarmo Koistinen; Heikki Pohjola
May 21, 2011 - Getting Useful Real Time Feedback About Your Program Webinar (text version)
1, 2011 - Getting Useful Real Time Feedback About 1, 2011 - Getting Useful Real Time Feedback About Your Program Webinar (text version) Below is the text version of the Webinar titled "Getting Useful Real Time Feedback About Your Program" originally presented on May 21, 2011. (Please note: portions of the transcript below may be incomplete where indicated with an underlined placeholder space. Please refer to the webinar presentation recording and slides for additional information.) Operator: The broadcast is now starting. All attendees are listen only mode. Sargon de Jesus: Good afternoon. My name is Sargon de Jesus and I am with ERG, a contractor supporting the U.S. Department of Energy Better Buildings program. I wanna thank you for joining today's webinar titled "Getting useful real time feedback about your
Deployment of Demand Response as a Real-Time Resource in Organized Markets
Deployment of Demand Response as a Real-Time Resource in Organized Markets Deployment of Demand Response as a Real-Time Resource in Organized Markets Jump to: navigation, search Tool Summary LAUNCH TOOL Name: Deployment of Demand Response as a Real-Time Resource in Organized Markets Focus Area: Crosscutting Topics: Potentials & Scenarios Website: www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1040619008000973 Equivalent URI: cleanenergysolutions.org/content/deployment-demand-response-real-time- Language: English Policies: "Deployment Programs,Regulations" is not in the list of possible values (Deployment Programs, Financial Incentives, Regulations) for this property. DeploymentPrograms: Technical Assistance Regulations: Resource Integration Planning This article examines the use of demand response as a dispatchable resource
An Operational Real-Time Ocean Sensor Network in the Gulf of Maine
The Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System (GoMOOS) was established in the summer of 2001 as a prototype real-time observing system that now includes eleven solar-powered buoys with physical and optical sensors, four shore-based long-range HF radar surface ... Keywords: CODAR, GoMOOS, Gulf of Maine, Ocean Observing Systems, Sensor networks, neural networks, ocean optics, real-time
Neal R. Pettigrew; Collin S. Roesler; Francois Neville; Heather E. Deese
Fine grain pipeline systems for real-time motion and stereo-vision computation
Image processing systems require high computational load that motivates the design of specific hardware architectures in order to arrive at real-time platforms. We adopt innovative design techniques based on the intensive utilisation of the inherent ... Keywords: FPGAs, algorithm parallelisation, cognitive vision models, customised architectures, data flow architectures, field programmable gate arrays, fine-grain pipelining, high performance architectures, image processing, on-chip integration, optical flow, pipelined techniques, real-time motion, reconfigurable hardware, stereo vision, superscalar units
Javier Diaz; Eduardo Ros; Alberto Prieto; Francisco J. Pelayo
Real-Time Per-Cycle Energy Consumption Measurement of Digital Systems
This technical report introduces a real-time per-clock-cycle energy measurement technique for power analysis and reduction of synchronous state machines. This technique guarantees accuracy with a sampling rate of twice the clock frequency under spiky current draw common in digital systems. In addition, it acquires the energy consumption profile in real-time, thus, not requiring repeated operation of the target system.
Naehyuck Chang; Kwanho Kim
An abductive expert system for interpretation of real-time data
This paper describes DINT, a data interpretation expert system which can provide an explanation of the real-time operating state of a substation to its operators. DINT is based on a generalized version of the set covering model for diagnostic problem solving. This abductive reasoning model is an object-based, frame-like knowledge representation paradigm. Test cases illustrate the application of the model to the real-time operation of a substation.
Dabbaghchi, I.; Gursky, R.J. (American Electric Power Service Corp., Columbus, OH (United States))
Reliability-aware power management for parallel real-time applications with precedence constraints
The negative effects of the Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique on the system reliability has recently promoted the research on reliability-aware power management (RAPM). RAPM aims at reducing the system energy consumption while preserving ... Keywords: shared-recovery based scheme, reliability aware power management, parallel real-time application, precedence constraint, dynamic voltage technique, frequency scaling technique, parallel real time application, shared memory multiprocessor system, NP-hard problem, RAPM heuristics, dynamic slack, system reliability
Yifeng Guo; Dakai Zhu; H. Aydin
Soft x-ray scattering facility at the Advanced Light Source with real-time data processing and analysis
We present the development and characterization of a dedicated resonant soft x-ray scattering facility. Capable of operation over a wide energy range, the beamline and endstation are primarily used for scattering from soft matter systems around the carbon K-edge ({approx}285 eV). We describe the specialized design of the instrument and characteristics of the beamline. Operational characteristics of immediate interest to users such as polarization control, degree of higher harmonic spectral contamination, and detector noise are delineated. Of special interest is the development of a higher harmonic rejection system that improves the spectral purity of the x-ray beam. Special software and a user-friendly interface have been implemented to allow real-time data processing and preliminary data analysis simultaneous with data acquisition.
Gann, E.; Collins, B. A.; Ade, H. [Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202 (United States); Young, A. T.; Nasiatka, J.; Padmore, H. A.; Hexemer, A.; Wang, C. [Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States); Yan, H. [Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8202 (United States); Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720 (United States)