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Gold salts for rheumatoid arthritis
Oral (by mouth)
Generic Name | Brand Name |
gold/auranofin | Ridaura |
Intramuscular (by a shot or injection)
Generic Name | Brand Name |
gold aurothioglucose | Solganal |
gold sodium thiomalate | Aurolate, Myochrysine |
How It Works
It is not understood exactly how gold works to treat rheumatoid arthritis. But gold salts appear to accumulate slowly in the body and, over time, they reduce inflammation and slow the progression of rheumatoid arthritis.
Gold injections are given every week for the first 22 weeks. After that, gold may be given less often if it is working.1
Why It Is Used
Gold is used to reduce inflammation and slow disease progression in people with rheumatoid arthritis. Gold is not usually the first treatment given to people with rheumatoid arthritis, since methotrexate and other disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are available.
How Well It Works
A review reports that treatment with intramuscular gold (parenteral gold) reduces disease activity and joint inflammation.2
Gold salts taken by mouth (oral) have not been found to be as effective as gold injections, and it can take up to 6 months before benefits are noticed from oral gold salts.1
Side Effects
Side effects may develop after a significant amount of gold has accumulated in the body.
Oral gold has fewer side effects than gold injected into the muscle. Common side effects of oral gold include:
- Decreased appetite, nausea, and diarrhea.
- Problems with the skin, blood, kidneys, or lungs (rare).
Common side effects of injected gold include:
- An itchy skin rash.
- Mouth sores.
Rarer side effects include:
- Kidney problems (kidney damage that causes loss of protein in the urine).
- Suppression of blood cell production, which may increase the risk of infection or serious bleeding. (A return to normal blood cell production may take several weeks after the drug is no longer taken.)
Extremely rare side effects include bowel or lung inflammation.
See Drug Reference for a full list of side effects. (Drug Reference is not available in all systems.)
What To Think About
It can take 3 to 6 months before gold treatment improves symptoms.
Regular urine tests to check for protein (indicating kidney damage) and blood tests are needed.
Complete the new medication information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this medication.
Last Updated: August 18, 2008
Author: Shannon Erstad, MBA/MPH
Medical Review: Anne C. Poinier, MD - Internal Medicine & Stanford M. Shoor, MD - Rheumatology


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Boulevard of Doll Dreams Come True |
Written by Wil Peterson |
Tuesday, 01 July 2008 00:00 |
Spend just a few minutes talking to Doris Mixon, of Lake Elsinore, Calif., and you'll soon realize you're in the presence of an avowed doll lover—and a colorful, down-to-earth straight shooter. Price genericTrackBack URI for this entryPrice generic...
Hi George and your buddy. See you had to post crap about me huh? Too afraid to post your true name. COWARD!! My web site is down because I decided to take it down. Not anything you losers did. Comments like this and clients like you were exactly why I decided it wasn't worth it any more. If anyone was psychotic it was certainly you. I bet it was you that posted under your own post, thus the anonymous signature. JERK
You are so right! Doris Mixon is rude crude and mean! I was a customer and she treated me with such disrepect I NEVER bought her clothes again. She doesn't care about her customers or who she hurts. Its all about the money and who can she crush to get there. I'm glad her website is gone. What goes around comes around. And she has gotten hers! Amen!
If she wasn't such a scheister things wouldn't happen to her, I guess her business is gone again, her website is gone, she has dissapeared again with God knows how many new casualtiess she has left behind. This woman has burned more people in the industry than any other single person I can think of. STAY AWAY from her and run as far as you can. Doris Mixon is a thief, a liar and a psychotic.
Price generic |

subset: commoncrawl


text:
The family running the Agriturismo is very nice and so hard working. They tend the farm and run the restaurant in the evening. The breakfast was a bit more substancial than our last trip in another Agriturismo but remained simple by continental standard. The room was very basic, a bit old and so hot. We brought our own fan and... More
Italy >
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Province of Mantua >
Castiglione Delle Stiviere
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- TripAdvisor is proud to partner with Booking.com, Priceline and Odigeo so you can book your Agriturismo Pozzo Fiorito reservations with confidence. We help millions of travelers each month to find the perfect hotel for both vacation and business trips, always with the best discounts and special offers.


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Bill Cowher?
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tony hipchest
Join Date:
Sep 2005
in your mouth...
Member Number:
Thanks: 2,893
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Re: Bill Cowher?
Originally Posted by
Thanks tony hipchest. you basically put into words what I was thinking and feeling, just didnt know how to put it into sentences.
lol. i understand your frustration. under the cowher era we got used to being in
the final 4 ever 2.5 years. hard to change from that.
and now with the change we're told we shouldnt expect more than 8-8 because of a rookie coach and because ben supposedly showed his "true colors" last season, despite having the same level of talent that won a sb less than 2 years ago.
tomlin said from day 1 his goal this year was to win a champ and you could tell it wasnt lip service. i was convinced we would miss cowher but not drop off in our production or expectations with him gone. i think its safe to be excited for the future now AND thre rest of this season.
i may end up disappointed in the end (not the 1st time) but id rather meet an undefeated team in the champ game and lose than not get that far in the 1st place.
i see the glass as half full. hypothetically we could redeem ourselves for losing to the undefeated 72 dolphins and allowing them to go to the sb. and if they dont? well, they do say history repeats itself and the steelers went on a 6 year tear after that loss.
still gotta make the playoffs, and if we make it that far or not, i am still excited about pulling off a "miracle". (regardless of whos coach. there are 2 people in the nfl you can no longer consider rookies. mike tomlin and adrian peterson)
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Culture Connect Featured Event
Critically acclaimed New York "Folk Jazz" saxophonist Daniel Bennett has recently shared concert concert billings with artists like Bill Frisell, Charlie Hunter, James Carter, Greg Osby, Billy Martin (Medeski, Martin & Wood), and Steve Kuhn. The Boston Herald described Daniel Bennett's music as, "exploratory folk-jazz." Bennett's musical journey began as a graduate student at the prestigious New England Conservatory in Boston, Massachusetts.
"Saxophonist Daniel Bennett makes hay with an airy approach that's buoyant enough to conjure notions of East African guitar riffs and Steve Reich's pastoral repetition." - Village Voice
Ridgefield Folk is free thanks to the Friends of the Ridgefield Library. Tickets can be picked up on the day of the show starting at 1 PM. Doors open at 1:30 and the show starts at 2 PM. This program was rescheduled from October 30.


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- Garden view- Executive floor- 70 sq m- Interconnecting suites available- Air conditioning- Satellite television- Direct line telephone- Wifi- Safe- Double glazing- Hairdryer- Ironing service- Mini Bar- Radio & I-Home
The Metropole Lifestyle card, offered to our guests, gives priority access to all restaurants of the hotel and Metropole ESPA (fitness studio and treatment bookings), as well as free access to the Monte-Carlo Casino.
Plan your stay in Monte-Carlo
and get a 10% discount* when you book at least 14 days in advance !ORget a 15% discount* when you book at least 21 days in advance !* Rates are per room, per night, tax and service included, in double occupancy. Offer subject to availability.


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Barry was one of the greatest rescue dogs the world has ever seen As the drill has it, Barry started licking the boy's face to revive him Barry's original name was 'Bari' (the Bear) |
Barry Barry (1800–1814) was a famous St Bernard that worked as a mountain rescue dog. He lived at the monastery at the Great St Bernard Pass near the Swiss–Italian border and was responsible for saving over 40 lives. Barry was one of the greatest rescue dogs the world has ever seen, he was an expert rescue dog well versed with the rescue drill derived by the monks at the monastery. The existence of such dogs have been documented in paintings and drawings dating back to 1695, and in written documents at the hospice since 1707. Amongst his famous rescue adventures there is the story about a young boy who was found stranded on an icy ledge, all covered with thick snow, under an ongoing heavy snowfall. It was not possible for any man to climb that icy ledge, but Barry braving all adversity crawled inch by inch to the injured boy. As the drill has it, Barry started licking the boy's face to revive him. The boy woke up due to Barry's warm licks. However no monk was able to reach the narrow ledge, so there was no further help coming. The boy wrapped his arms around Barry's strong neck and Barry pulled him carefully from the ledge and brought him to safety. Barry's original name was 'Bari' (the Bear) in the Swiss German tradition was the name given a large dark coloured dog. In the late 1800s his name was changed to the English sounding "Barry" (Some say it was a part of a plan to encourage English tourism). The dogs used by the monks at the St Bernard Pass were very different in shape and colour from the present St Bernard dog. Barry died of old age when he was 14 years old. His body is preserved and on display at the Natural History Museum in Berne, Switzerland. |


text:
Anatomical contribution to the surgical construction of the sartorius muscle flap
- Clarice Tanaka,
- Maiza Ritomy Ide,
- Aldo Junqueira Rodrigues Junior
- … show all 3 hide
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The sartorius muscle (SM) is frequently used as a surgical flap. This study intends to describe sartorius nerve and artery distribution in adult men. Fifty-three specimens obtained from fresh cadavers were prepared as described: 32 specimens were injected with a red-colored gelatin solution through the femoral artery so that intra-muscular arteries and nerves were dissected; six specimens were injected with barium sulfate solution through the femoral artery for radiography; seven specimens were injected with a Chinese ink solution, also through the femoral artery, for diaphanization; seven specimens were injected with a solution of vinyl acetate, through the femoral artery, to obtain an arterial cast and one specimen was cut and colored by Masson's Trichrome. Sartorius branching patterns of the nerve and artery were schematized. The following measurements were taken for each dissected muscle: total length, arterial pedicle length and distance between each arterial pedicle to the proximal muscle extremity. Five to nine arterial pedicles were found in the sample. In their trajectories, these arteries may give rise to many branches to form a dense and elongated net of anastomoses. Intra- and inter-pedicular anastomoses were observed in the inner part of the muscle. The nerve supply originated from one or two branches, which enter the muscle together with the first or second arterial pedicle. The nerve branches were divided into two or three territorial branches, and then into four or five segmental branches, running longitudinally inside the muscle. The muscles showed an average length of 44.81 cm. SM is a segmented structure and it can be divided into as many as five arterial and nervous segments. In the proximal and middle parts, the muscle has better arterial supply. The segments can be filled by adjacent pedicles, due to an elongated net of anastomoses, which allow a longer arc of rotation in the construction of pedicled flaps.
- Basmajian JV (1970) Anatomie. Maloine, Paris
- Boyle KE, Moran ME, Calvano CJ et al (1998) Endoscopic subcutaneous neurovascular lower-extremity myofascial flap harvesting for genitourinary reconstruction. J Endourol 12:187–191
- Carvalho CAF (1968) Contribuição para o estudo da angioarquitetura da zona de transição esofagogástricae a sua interpretação funcional, Doctor Thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
- Chaffaï M, Mansat M (1988) Anatomic basis for the construction of a musculotendinous flap derived from the pectoralis major muscle. Surg Radiol Anat 10:273–282 CrossRef
- Chen QS ZL, Chen X (1999) Application of sartorius muscle in the quadricepsplasty. Zhongguo Xiu Fu Chong Jian Wai Ke Za Zhi 13:355–358
- Colwell AS, Donaldson MC, Belkin M et al (2004) Management of early groin vascular bypass graft infections with sartorius and rectus femoris flaps. Ann Plast Surg 52:49–53 CrossRef
- Cruveilhier J (1977) Traité d´anatomie descriptive. Librarie de la Faculté de Médicine, Paris
- Cunningham S (1920) Textbook of anatomy, 4th edn. Arthur Robinson, Henry Frowde, Hodder e Stoughton, Edinburgh
- Fernández MAM, Quast DC, Geis RC et al (1980) Distally based sartorius muscle flap in the treatment of infected femoral arterial prostheses. J Cardiovasc Surg 21:628–31
- Friedrich W, Herberhold C, Lierce W (1988) Vascularization of the myocutanneous latissumus dorsi flap. Acta Anat. 131:97–102 CrossRef
- Gomes MN, Spear SL (1994) Pedicled muscle flaps in the management of infected aorto-femoral grafts. Cardiovasc Surg 2:70–77
- Grant JCB (1940) A method of anatomy, descriptive and deductive, 2nd edn. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore
- Gu B, Fan WY, Lu YP, Goldenberg B (1990) Repair of a huge defect of the gluteal region by rotation of a combined tensor fasciae latae-sartorius myocutaneous flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 86:983–986 CrossRef
- Habermeyer P, Schweiberer L, Wilker D et al (1984) Die Sanierung des Infizierten Hüftgelenkes mit der Sartorius-plastik. Chirurg 55:733–736
- Havlicek V JP, Berka I (2003) Disarticulation of the knee joint. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech 70:95–99
- Hess P, Reinders J (1986) Transposition of the sartorius muscle for reconstruction of extensor apparatus of the knee. J Trauma 26:90–92 CrossRef
- Hollinshead WH (1974) Textbook of anatomy, 3rd edn. Harper & How, Hagerstown
- Hong JP LH, Chung YK, Kim SW et al (2003) Coverage of difficult wounds around the knee joint with prefabricated, distally based sartorius muscle flaps. Ann Plast Surg 50:484–490 CrossRef
- Kaiser E, Genz KS, Habermeyer P et al (1984) Die Arterielle Versongung des Musculus Sartorius. Chirurg 55:731–732
- Kastanakis SM (1973) The use of sartorius muscle in surgical repair of huge or recurrent inguinal hernias. Iatriky Epitheor Enoplon Dynam (Athinai). 7:85–88
- Khalil IM, Sudarsky L (1987) Sartorius muscle twist rotation flap: an answer to flap necrosis. J Vasc Surg 6:93–94 CrossRef
- Laustsen J, Bille S, Crhistensen J (1988) Transposition of the sartorius muscle in the treatment of infected vascular grafts in the groin. Eur J Vasc Surg 2:111–113 CrossRef
- Llorca FO (1970) Anatomía humana, 4th edn. Editorial Científico-Médica, Barcelona
- Lockhart RD, Hamilton GF, Fyfe FW (1970) Anatomia Humana. Ciudad del México, Interamericana
- Manushakian HS, McDiarmid JG (1998) Reconstruction of a large anterolateral knee defect using a delayed distally based total sartorius flap and a medial gastrocnemius flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 101:1065–1069 CrossRef
- Maruyama Y, Hamano Y (1978) Sartorius musculocutaneous flap in the repair of trochanteric pressure sore. Keio J Med 27:63–67
- Mathes SJ, Nahai F (1982) Clinical applications for muscle and musculocutaneous flaps. Mosby, London
- Meland NB, Arnold PG, Pairolero PC et al (1994) Muscle-flap coverage for infected peripheral vascular prostheses. Plast Reconstr Surg. 93:1005–1011 CrossRef
- Mello JB (1968) Distribuição dos nervos vagos no estômago e suas implicações cirúrgicas. Thesis, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo
- Meyer JP, Durham JR, Schwarcz TH et al (1989) The use of sartorius muscle rotation-transfer in the management of wound complications after infrainguinal vein bypass: a report of eight cases and description of the technique. J Vasc Surg 9:731–735 CrossRef
- Morris S. (1915) Human anatomy, 5th edn. JA Churchill, London
- Murakami R, Tanaka K, Kobayashi K et al (1998) Free groin flap for reconstruction of the tongue and oral floor. J Reconstr Microsurg 14:49–55
- Paturet G (1951) Traité d´anatomie humaine. Masson, Paris
- Perez-Burkhardt JL, Gonzalez-Fajardo JA, Carpintero LA et al (1995) Sartorius myoplasty for the treatment of infected groins with vascular grafts. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 36:581–585
- Petty CT, Hogue RJ (1978) Closure of an exposed knee joint by use of a sartorius muscle flap. Plast Recontr Surg 62:458–461 CrossRef
- Quain S (1923) Elements of anatomy. Longsman, London
- Rouffet F, Honnart F, Calmat A (1977) La vascularisation des muscles de la patte d´oie et ses apllications chirurgicales. J Chir 114:193–200
- Rowsell AR, Eisenberg N, Davies DM et al (1986) The anatomy of the thoracodorsal artery within the latissimus dorsi muscle. Br J Plast Surg 39:206–209 CrossRef
- Scher KS. (1989) Sartorius transposition to protect vascular grafts in the groin. Am Surg 55:158–161
- Segal RL, Wolf SL, DeCamp MJ et al (1991) Anatomical partitioning of three multiarticular human muscles. Acta Anat 142:261–266 CrossRef
- Simard T, Roberge J (1988) Human abductor pollicis brevis muscle divisions and the nerve hila. Anat Rec 222:426–436 CrossRef
- Skoll PJ, Kowalczyk J. (2001) Superiorly based rectus abdominis wrap-around flap for axillo-femoral graft sepsis. Ann Plast Surg 47:191–193 CrossRef
- Tabatabaei S, McDougal WS (2003) Primary skin closure of large groin defects after inguinal lymphadenectomy for penile cancer using an abdominal cutaneous advancement flap. J Urol 169:118–120 CrossRef
- Tellioglu AT, Karabag O (1999) Application of a sartorius muscle flap during abdominal wall reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg 42:703–705 CrossRef
- Testut L, Latarjet A (1954) Tratado de anatomía humana, 9th edn. Barcelona, Salvat
- Thiranagama R (1990) Nerve supply of the human vastus medialis muscle. J Anat 170:193–8
- Thomas WO, Parry SW, Powell RW et al (1994) Management of exposed inguinofemoral arterial conduits by skeletal muscular rotational flaps. Am Surg 60:972–980
- Tobin GR, Schusterman M, Peterson GH et al (1991) The intramuscular neurovascular anatomy of the latissimus dorsi muscle: the basis for splitting the flap. Plast Reconstr Surg 210:147–162
- Vu P, Guedon C, Gehanno P et al (1988) Anatomic basis of serratus anterior muscle flap transposition. Surg Radiol Anat 10:173–185 CrossRef
- Weinstein MJ, Pavletic MM, Boudrieau RJ (1988) Caudal sartorius muscle flap in the dog. Vet Surg 17:203–210 CrossRef
- Weinstein MJ, Pavletic MM, Boudrieau RJ (1989) Cranial sartorius muscle flap in the dog. Vet Surg 18:286–291 CrossRef
- Woodburne RT (1983) Essentials of human anatomy, 17th edn. Oxford University Press, New York
- Yang D, Morris SF, Sigurdson L (1998) The sartorius muscle: anatomic considerations for reconstructive surgeons. Surg Radiol Anat 20:307–310 CrossRef
- Title
- Anatomical contribution to the surgical construction of the sartorius muscle flap
- Journal
Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy
Volume 28, Issue 3 , pp 277-283
- Cover Date
- 2006-06-01
- 10.1007/s00276-006-0088-x
- Print ISSN
- 0930-1038
- Online ISSN
- 1279-8517
- Publisher
- Springer-Verlag
- Additional Links
- Topics
- Keywords
- Surgical flaps
- Sartorius
- Nerve supply
- Artery
- Muscle
- Radiography
- Industry Sectors
- Authors
- Author Affiliations
- 1. Department of Physiotherapy, Speech-Language and Hearing Science and Occupational Therapy. School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, 4 andar, Bloco 3, 4521, São Paulo, Brazil
- 2. Division of Physical Therapy, University of the West of the Parana, Parana, Brazil
- 3. Division of Surgical Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil


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Overstock.com To Partner With Oakland Raiders For Game Day Events At O.co Coliseum
OAKLAND, Calif., Sept. 20, 2012 /PRNewswire/ -- (NASDAQ: OSTK) - Overstock.com, Inc. has partnered with the National Football League's Oakland Raiders to create several home game promotions at O.co Coliseum to engage local Oakland Raiders fans during the 2012/2013 season. Overstock.com uses the name O.co for their coliseum relationship, as well as their international, mobile, travel, cars and insurance sites.
(Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/20120110/LA33954LOGO)
Overstock.com has created a special O.co Coliseum home game feature dedicated to Wounded Warrior Project TM (WWP), a non-profit organization whose mission is to honor and empower Wounded Warriors. Two Wounded Warriors will be honored at every home game on the field and spotlighted on the Raiders' video board. For each home game, two different military heroes will be given a ticket for themselves and a guest by Overstock.com.
"We are delighted that Overstock.com is returning as a Raiders sponsor and we are honored to work with Overstock.com to support WWP," said Raiders Chief Executive Amy Trask.
Additionally, in the Overstock.com Kickoff Challenge, a randomly selected fan will receive a $5,000 gift card to Overstock.com if the Raiders return the opening kickoff (whether it's in the first or second half) for a touchdown. In the event that the Raiders don't return the kickoff for a touchdown, the eligible fan will receive a $50 Overstock.com gift card as a thank you gift for participating. This in-game contest will be held during each of the Raiders' eight home games. "Oakland Raiders fans are some of the most passionate in the NFL, and we like passionate people," said Overstock.com CEO, Patrick M. Byrne. "These promotions will reinforce Overstock.com's already strong presence among Oakland fans." In April 2011, Overstock.com announced a six-year deal, in partnership with the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum Authority that included naming rights to the home of the Oakland Raiders and Major League Baseball's Oakland Athletics. About Overstock.com Overstock.com is a technology-based retail company offering customers a wide variety of high-quality products, at great value, with superior customer service. The company provides its customers with the opportunity to shop for bargains by offering suppliers an alternative inventory distribution channel. Headquartered in Salt Lake City, Overstock.com is a publicly traded company listed on the NASDAQ Global Market System and can be found online at http://www.overstock.com and http://www.o.co. Overstock.com regularly posts information about the company and other related matters on its website under the heading "Investor Relations." About Wounded Warrior ProjectThe mission of Wounded Warrior Project ™ (WWP) is to honor and empower Wounded Warriors. WWP's purpose is to raise awareness and to enlist the public's aid for the needs of injured service members, to help injured servicemen and women aid and assist each other, and to provide unique, direct programs and services to meet their needs. WWP is a national, nonpartisan organization headquartered in Jacksonville, Florida. To get involved and learn more, visit woundedwarriorproject.org. Overstock.com®, O.co®, Worldstock Fair Trade® and Club O Rewards® are registered trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. O.info™, Club O TM, and Club O Rewards Dollars TM and Your Savings Engine TM are trademarks of Overstock.com, Inc. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. This press release contains certain forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding promotions mentioned in the release and their effect. Our Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, our subsequent quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, or any amendments thereto, and our other subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission identify important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those contained in our projections, estimates or forward-looking statements. SOURCE Overstock.com, Inc.Check Out Our Best Services for Investors
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text: Hello all, this is my first post on this forum. I'm driving a Fiesta 1.4 TDCI on an o4 plate.The radio fitted to the car is a Ford4500 RDS EON. The problem is when I enter the keycode The display just resets to the start. I have checked that the code is correct but the radio won't accept it. This is the second radio of that model and that exhibited the same problems. Any ideas any one please?


text:
Awakening in a futurist military installation with no memory of who he is or how he got there, a young man known only as Cyborg 009 has been stripped by his captors of not only his freedom but also his humanity. His body augmented by cybernetic technology, Cyborg 009 joins forces with eight other men and women, Cyborgs 001-008, and together, they set off on a journey to learn the truth of why they were turned into weapons of mass destruction, and to prevent a conflict that could very well be the start of World War III. Created by manga legend Shotaro Ishinomori and with hundreds of millions of copies in print worldwide, Cyborg 009 is one of the best-known manga and anime properties ever produced.
Preview: Cyborg 009 HC
Wed, September 11th, 2013 at 10:18am PDT
- Story by
- Bradley Cramp, F.J. DeSanto
- Art by
- Marcus To
- Publisher
- Archaia
- Cover Price:
- $19.95
- Release Date
- Sep 11th, 2013
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text: Aquarium News RSS All Animal Rescue Animals Conservation Education Events Exhibits Research 8/16/2011 The National Aquarium and Oceana Team Up to Release Sea Turtles The National Aquarium was joined by Oceana for the release of three endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtles into the Chesapeake Bay at Point Lookout State Park in Scotland, Maryland. 6/29/2011 National Aquarium testifies at Senate's Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Hearing Dr. Erik Rifkin, Executive Director of the National Aquarium Conservation Center was invited to provide testimony to the U.S. Senate Committee on the Environment and Public Works: Subcommittee on Water and Wildlife. The hearing, entitled, "Status of the Deepwater Horizon Natural Resource Damage Assessment" focused on the evaluation and improvement of our ability to measure long-term chronic damages to our environment in the wake of last year's oil spill. 6/27/2011 National Aquarium Celebrates Turtle Release On Sunday, June 26, a group of rehabilitated Kemp's ridley sea turtles were released into the Chesapeake Bay at Point Lookout State Park in Scotland, Maryland. The public gathered on the beach to join in the festivities. 6/13/2011 National Aquarium Honored with Maryland Green Registry Leadership Award The National Aquarium was one of five organizations to receive the second-annual Maryland Green Registry Leadership Award. 5/9/2011 It's the Season for Seals Spring is here, and that means thoughts of warm weather, the beach, and vacations are in the air! But for the Aquarium's Animal Rescue program, spring is the season for seals. Thanks to the dedication of Animal Rescue staff and volunteers, two grey seals were admitted for rehabilitation in March. 2/14/2011 Now on the Fresh Thoughts Menu: The Invasive Red Lionfish The National Aquarium is excited to introduce the Fresh Thoughts: Sustainable Seafood Dining Series at its Washington D.C. venue this March. This new series will celebrate sensible and scrumptious seafood choices with the help of renowned Washington DC chefs. 12/21/2010 National Aquarium, Washington Delivers Over 6,000 Shark Conservation Letters to NOAA Fisheries Save the sharks is the message in the nation's capital this week as thousands of letters collected from visitors to the National Aquarium, Washington were personally delivered in sacks by syndicated cartoonist and Aquarium partner Jim Toomey to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries (NOAA) Assistant Administrator Eric Schwaab. 12/15/2010 Rescued Sea Turtles Given a Warm Home for the Holidays It's the season of giving, and the National Aquarium's Animal Rescue team is doing its part to give rescued animals a warm place to recover this holiday season. 11/2/2010 National Aquarium Searches for Florida Manatee The National Aquarium continues to monitor Baltimore area waterways for a wayward manatee after receiving another report late last week of a manatee sighting in the upper Patapsco River area. 9/2/2010 National Aquarium Launches Conservation Center The National Aquarium was joined today by honored guests, esteemed partners, elected officials and supporters from the community to officially unveil the National Aquarium Conservation Center and kick off its celebration of the Baltimore venue's 30th anniversary year. Back 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 Next


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Lindab has recently supplied a complete indoor climate system with heat recovery to a prestigious residential property in central Turin, Italy. The building, Palazzo San Carlo, which is a classified heritage building, is being refurbished to very high standards with energy efficiency demands exceeding the European norms.
Andrea Chieregato, Manager of Tecno Engineering, the climate system contractor, comments: "The goal was to create a first class residence in an extremely energy efficient building while keeping its historical character. Lindab has strong technical competence and we were confident that they would deliver a complete solution that is both silent and efficient."
Nils-Johan Andersson, Lindab`s Business Area Manager for Ventilation comments:
"We estimate that the European Residential ventilation market is worth around EUR 1 bn and growing strongly, driven by EU directives with growing demands on energy efficiency in buildings. For Lindab this means a strong growth potential from quite a low level. The new concept Lindab Inside is addressing this market with individual solutions adapted regionally. During 2012 Lindab has been particularly successful in Italy and France, and the Palazzo San Carlo is a very good example".
The information here is that which Lindab International AB has willingly chosen to make public or that which it is obliged to make public according to the Swedish Securities Market Act and/or the Financial Instruments Trading Act. |
Lindab`s residential ventilation.
Residential ventilation is a segment that grows by around 20 percent annually in Europe, strongly driven by EU directives with stronger demands on energy efficiency in buildings. Each country has different norms and conditions, which demand individual solutions. Lindab`s offering for residential ventilation, Lindab Inside, is currently available in five European countries and will be launched in further five this year. During 2012 Lindab has noted particular success in Italy and France where there is strong demand for technical support during the design phase. Lindab has a competitive advantage with its advanced IT tools to optimise and guarantee the performance of the ventilation system. Read more: http://www.lindab.com/global/pro/lindab-inside/Pages/default.aspx
David Brodetsky, CEO
Email: email@example.com
Mobile: +46 (0)73 274 5418
Nils-Johan Andersson, Business Area Manager, Ventilation
Email: email@example.com
Mobile:+46 (0)70 668 5075
Lindab - A Ventilation and Building Products company:
Lindab develops, manufactures, markets and distributes products and system solutions primarily in steel for simplified construction and improved indoor climate.
The business is carried out within three business areas, Ventilation, Building Components and Building Systems. The products are characterised by their high quality, ease of assembly, energy efficiency, consideration towards the environment, and are delivered with high levels of service. Altogether, this increases customer value.
The Group had sales revenue of SEK 6,878 m in 2011, was established in 31 countries and had approximately 4,300 employees. The main market is non-residential construction, which accounts for 80 percent of sales, while residential accounts for 20 percent of sales. During 2011, the Nordic market accounted for 46 percent, CEE/CIS (Central and Eastern Europe as well as other former Soviet states) for 23 percent, Western Europe for 28 percent and other markets for 3 percent of total sales.
The share is listed on the Nasdaq OMX Nordic Exchange, Stockholm, Mid Cap. For more information visit www.lindabgroup.com
The owner of this announcement warrants that:
(i) the releases contained herein are protected by copyright and other applicable laws; and
(ii) they are solely responsible for the content, accuracy and originality of the
information contained therein.
Source: Lindab International AB via Thomson Reuters ONE


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When we started looking for property on Roatan it was our good fortune to meet up with Mary. We had many, many questions… and all because we decided we wanted a place in the sun - - in Roatan! If you, too, have made that choice, then the first question is… "Where do you start?"
Your list of questions will be longer than your list of requirements. North, south, east, west… which part of the island is "best?" Waterfront, beachfront, or hillside? House or land? Is fresh water available on this parcel? What about electricity and telephone? Builders, architects, banks, attorneys… the list is endless. Wouldn't it be nice to meet someone who will expertly answer all of your questions; someone who knows the island and the people; someone who has "island knowledge" and has worked in Roatan real estate longer than anyone else on the island?
Mary Monteroso did just that and listened to what we were looking for. She expertly arranged to show us properties that met our needs, from which we ultimately selected one. It did not end there. We still had many details to attend to. Mary gave us the names of professional people on Roatan to contact, and was always available to talk to us about the "island ways" of doing things.
We consider Mary more than our realtor, we consider her our friend. We highly recommend Mary Monterosa and Island Properties for your real estate needs. We assure you that she brings island knowledge and the hand of experience to you.
Marlene Rupp Steve Sooby Boston, MA
We would be honored to have you use all or excerpts from this letter as a testimonial to the absolutely outstanding service you provided us in our Roatan adventure from start to finish.
We researched realtors during our many years of vacationing on Roatan and prior to making the commitment to buying property on the island. Without exception, you were repeatedly the number one recommended realty professional of everyone we asked. Your first and foremost company motto certainly did prove to be appropriate. Buying property offshore can be complicated and a bit scary at times, but you made the entire process a most wonderful experience!
Your conveyance of realistic expectations, your in-depth legal knowledge, your country wide contact network were all invaluable and head and shoulders above what any of the other realtors were able to offer. It made the buying, and later, the selling, so much more pleasant than others have found, and it also facilitated the necessary residency papers, finances, and dispensas. You even helped to set up our rental business and consulted voluntarily where ever and when ever we took on a new project or challenge. You wrote the book on service after the sale! And you held our hand when the need arose!
Funny, though, we were calling you friend long before we knew the depth of your professional expertise, and that, perhaps above all else, made our experience on Roatan one of the highlights of our life.
We wholeheartedly recommend you to all who would seek our opinion, and we always counsel people that they will learn the necessary truths about doing business in Honduras from your office and not the silver-lined half-truths and gloss-overs they might certainly find elsewhere.
Simply put: you are the best! Most Sincerely, Greg and Marilyn Gundy
Michael & Lisa Weiss Palmetto Bay, Roatan
We will be adding more testimonials from our satisfied customers to this section. If you'd like to contribute your experiences with Island Properties, please contact us.


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In response to DamainAllen's comment:
And yet we have folks, on the right, opining on the obviousness that Santa Clause is white! And then still others coming to the defense of those who made the claim in the first place!
and folks on the Left arguing against that claim. So there's that
In the past couple of weeks this has been the GOP issues:
Santa Clause is white (duh)
The Pope is a communist
I hadn't heard that one
Phil Robertson (of Duck Dynasty) is being persecuted by Anti Christians for his beliefs. (even though they cheered for Alec Baldwin being fired for his anti gay comments)
what is an "anti Christian" exactly?


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Kristen Stewart has admitted that she thought she had ruined Snow White and the Huntsman when she punched co-star Chris Hemsworth.
The actress gave the Avengers star a black eye during filming.
Speaking to Graham Norton on his talkshow, Kristen said: "He's a huge sex symbol so he needed a bit of roughing up!
"It wasn't too bad, I left a mark but he was able to keep working. I punched him right out of his close-up."
She added: "It's funny now but when it happened I thought, 'I have just ruined the movie and I love this thing and we are going to have to stop filming."
Meanwhile, Kristen injured her foot during reshoots for The Twilight Saga: Beaking Dawn - Part 2.
She suffered a puncture wound on her foot while shooting hunt scenes.
Snow White and the Huntsman opens on June 1, and The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn Part 2 opens in November.
This article is powered by Well Contented Ltd


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This Web Page contains information regarding African American descendants of the GASKIN Family. Descendants of T.C. and Emma Gaskin and Abbey and Thomas Gaskin. The regions the families lived in were the Southern State of Georgia. Around places such as Willacoochee, Gladys, Douglas, Oscilla, Pearson and Two Wander, Georgia. Please email me with any additional information or corrections you may have. |
Thomas Lorenzo Gaskin Jr. 108 Pleasant Valley Drive Daytona Beach, FL 32114 A-United States 904-257-1504 email@example.com |
Edit Your Page |
Family Tree Maker Reports and Trees |
The content shown on this page has been submitted by a Genealogy.com customer, and is not subject to verification by Genealogy.com. Neither Genealogy.com nor its affiliates are responsible for the accuracy of any information contained on this page. The opinions expressed on this page are the author's alone and not the opinions of Genealogy.com.
© 2009 Ancestry.com |


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Johnnie CochranTuesday, March 29th, 2005Johnnie Cochran is dead. The question is: Did OJ kill him? |
Archive for March, 2005
Campus ImbalanceTuesday, March 29th, 2005The Volokh Conspiracy writes about campus imbalance here and here, based on a WaPo article that rightfully points out that campus professors are lopsidedly liberal: A recent conversation with a professor of mine at Babson can shed some light on the matter. Jefferson Flanders taught an intensive course I took recently, and he teaches regularly at NYU. He mentioned after class one day that he is consistently surprised by the comments he gets from the student surveys. Students give him consistently high marks because, they say, "he's the only professor I've had at NYU who hasn't brought his politics into the classroom." Flanders was astounded by that, and believes that students will increasingly tune their professors out, and in the long term, may look to alternative means of obtaining an education rather than paying for the farce that a liberal arts degree has become. Volokh seems to agree: BTW, Flanders wrote a pretty good op-ed on blogging here. |
P2P MiningTuesday, March 29th, 2005Michelle Malkin started the P2P mining meme a few days ago, pointing out how many tax returns were available on P2P networks with a simple search of "1040" or the like. Tax Guru, Tax Prof, Roth & Co, and eventually Glenn Reynolds picked up on the meme as well. Well, I checked it out on Limewire and found much the same thing. But then a friend suggested searching for "*.xls" which brings up all the Excel files within my reach. Doing so actually yielded the employee roster of a small construction company in the Midwest, containing about 13 names, addresses, salaries and yes, Social Security numbers. Not a bad grab for about 5 minutes of work. Then it occurred to me. What if I went to a site, like, oh I dunno, freecreditreport.com, and started entering in some of this information and checking credit scores and the like. I could even send in "corrections" to the credit reporting companies, and start filing credit card applications right online as well. Within minutes, I could be stealing the identities of 13 people and start charging up a storm within days. Not a bad little racket. Of course, I did no such thing, but it is scary what can be done. Turns out you can also mine for social security data using Google hacks. |
Happy EasterSaturday, March 26th, 2005Happy Easter everybody! |
Nudity Anyone?Friday, March 25th, 2005I once predicted that we would soon reach a state where everybody has their nude photo posted online somewhere, voluntarily or not. Now MSNBC seems to agree: But should they be a part of our blogs? Read the whole thing here. |
Too Wild To AdvertiseFriday, March 25th, 2005Many advertisers, however, are still reluctant to advertise on blogs: Ok, but Denton should have known that that type of content wasn't mainstream enough for most advertisers. On the other hand, some advertisers seem to have ridiculous expectations: Gee, ya think??? Read the whole piece here. |
Clear Channel To PodcastFriday, March 25th, 2005Good news for the medium: Yeah, if the big boys like Clear Channel can't afford to podcast music, then nobody can. In any event, read more about the initiative here. |
How To Make A Quick $6,000Thursday, March 24th, 2005Slashdot style: Read the whole thing here. |
Sumo ThongThursday, March 24th, 2005Is the Sumo thong going the way of the necktie? Frankly, I'd prefer to watch women wrestle wearing Wicked Weasels, but if I have to watch fat guys, I guess the thong thing just makes it over the top enough to warrant watching. Read more here. |
Ted Olson on P2PWednesday, March 23rd, 2005Former Solicitor General turned RIAA hack has written an absurd commentary for the Wall Street Journal today. Let's take a look at some of the juicer tidbits. After attempting to liken P2P file sharing to stolen property in the physical world, he comes up with this: Estimated by whom? Blank out. What he probably means to say is estimated by him and his RIAA buddies who have a vested interest in seeing that number inflated. If he had an objective or unbiased source without a vested interest in the outcome, he probably would have cited it, now wouldn't he? But what's more is that in every single study I've seen regarding the number of songs stolen, they presume that the person doing the downloading a) would have ordinarily purchased the music had it not been available for free (a completely fallacious assumption) and b) that the person doing the downloading didn't already own the music they were downloading. In my experience, the latter situation is far more common that one might at first believe. Take the example of one coworker of mine, a woman in her early fifties who purchased an iPod mini. She wanted to put her music collection on her iPod, but didn't want to pay iTunes for it. Why? Because she had already purchased all the music she could ever want and her collection was sitting in her basement, recorded on vinyl. She had no technical expertise to rip her vinyl to her iPod, so she sought to just download her music from a P2P network. So, was she stealing? I think not. But I think Olson would disagree. Never mind Olson's improper mixing of past and present tenses in the first sentence here. Let's get to the meat of the matter. The phrase "intellectual property" is decidedly 20th century in origin. Legal texts simply do not even mention the phrase until the late 19th century, and in the 20th century it gained momentum to the point where it became a commonplace expression. But in the 18th century, when the Constitution was written, the phrase was not in use. That's because the phrase is basically a metaphor. And Olson seems to want to take the metaphor literally. But there are several distinct differences between real property and so-called "intellectual property". Let's list just a few:
And that's just scratching the surface. What the founders envisioned was a limited exclusive right to reproduce or authorize reproduction of a work or invention. They also envisioned that such a work would eventually become a part of the common culture or common knowledge in a field or craft generally within the lifetime of the creator of that work. What Olson is envisioning bears no resemblance to that. The P2P defense is decidedly not absurd. The entirety of the Internet is based on the exchange of information. Unless the Supreme Court wants to ban such practices as email an IM connections, there is no way to make the practice of file sharing illegal per se. Rather, what Olson is proposing is akin to enforcing no trespassing laws by outlawing walking itself. Sure, such a ban would stop people from trespassing, but at what cost? Indeed, the Framers' intentions are well worth nothing, though they bear little resemblance to Olson's ideas. The Framers understood that after 28 years a content creator typically should have exhausted the ability to generate revenue from his work. And should such a work still be desired by the marketplace, it is because it has become a part of the common culture to which we all belong, not just to the creator any longer. They judged that given the distribution technologies of the time, 28 years was enough for a typical content creator to receive just compensation for his work. Today, distribution methods are decidedly more efficient than they were in 1789. If anything, the length of a copyright should be shortening, not lengthening. The fact that it has been lengthening, the fact that songs which by any objective measure are part of our common culture, songs such as "Happy Birthday", are still "owned" by Time Warner is evidence that something else is afoot here. Namely, copyright holders have banded together as a cartel to purchase laws from congress that in essence, make no sense. That alone is bad enough. I just wish they would be honest about what they're doing, rather than attempt to claim the moral high ground, as Olson has done today. Read Ted Olson here. |


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Very Good Recipes of Tuna from PP Poppy's cooking
There is one Tuna recipe on the blog PP Poppy's cooking. (299 on all the blogs)
Click on the title of a recipe or the photo of a dish to read the full recipe on its author's blog.
Salmon & tuna bread
By PP Poppy's cooking
11/30/11 03:30
I did the recipe 3 times, this one was the best ! I thought it had to rise and stay like that, actually it will flattn a bit, it doesn't matter what to do. I tried for nothing :) anyway, it was really good everytime ! I made a few changes to the recipe,...
Add to my recipe book


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SLAM Full Speed Ahead! I Love "Mi Papi" Pitbull!
I LOVE "Mi Papi" PITBULL!
(posted on www.madamazonmaven.blogspot.com)
Armando Christian Pérez (born January 15, 1981), better known by his stage name Pitbull, is an American rapper, singer, songwriter and producer.
That's what it says online. Here's what I say: PITBULL embodies the business acumen of a mogul, the swagger of The Sexiest Playa alive, the artistic talent of the millenial renaissance man, and the chiseled humility only his mother could instill deeply into his humbled Miami roots. DALEE!
On his website www.pitbullmusic.com , it announces the following school opening:
Pitbull is giving back by opening a charter school in the Miami neighborhood where he grew up.
The SLAM or Sports Leadership and Management school will focus on preparing young scholars for careers in the sports field.
Read more: http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/pitbull-opens-sports-education-charter-school-miami-article-1.1424757#ixzz2bxiRLpYP#ixzz2e3KioFTj
Now an educator-advocate, he won't stop until his legacy out-lives him. That's why I love him. I too, want my legacy to outlive me, especially during my lifetime (not when I'm long gone - BORING!) It is my dream and passion to collaborate with Armando utilizing H.O.P. (Healthy On Purpose - Youth Wellness Program) www.hoptous.com as the initial partnering post. I know that many other open doors will soon follow (including a dinner date - don't tell him, yet!)
Choreo Update: I've personally choreographed 30 of Pitbull's songs/collabos for hi-intensity dance-fitness programming. I'm not stopping until I meet him. DALEE! (even then I won't stop!)
M.A.M. Fitness Moment
Shape your booty with squats, lunges and pli·és - that's it!
/pliˈeɪ/ Show Spelled [plee-ey]
noun, plural pli·és /pliˈeɪz; French pliˈeɪ/ Show Spelled [plee-eyz; French plee-ey] Show IPA . Ballet. a movement in which the knees are bent while the back is held straight.
Much love and passion,


text: About Hoveround Hoveround Corporation has dedicated over 20 years to providing power chairs, electric scooters, and other mobility solutions to genuinely improve the quality of life for those with limited mobility. Hoveround is the only power wheelchair company that can make all of the following statements. Hoveround: Has the unique Round for a Reason® design Controls the entire manufacturing process Custom assembles every electric wheelchair in the U.S.A. Provides free delivery direct to the customer1 Hoveround Corporation's mobility solutions also include the HOVERLIFT® suite of personal mobility and lifting solutions, wheelchair ramps, and other mobility accessories to help those with mobility challenges regain their independence and freedom. 1Delivery along with in-home training by Hoveround employees (Hoveround White Glove Delivery) is included when the mobility equipment is purchased through Medicare and/or private insurance. When paying by credit card, standard shipping is free and White Glove Delivery is available for an additional cost. Tom Kruse, Founder and President Learn More Our Mission Our Story


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Castrol Edge Motorsport
Škoda - European Rally Championship
Škoda's amazing motorsport heritage stretches way back to one of the first-ever cross-Europe endurance road races. The team caught everyone by surprise during its debut Intercontinental Rally Challenge (IRC) season in 2009, clinching a number of victories and taking second in both the Drivers' and Manufacturers' standings. With plenty of momentum behind it, the team went on to dominate the IRC in 2010, 2011 and 2012, taking Drivers' and Manufacturers' titles. In 2013, the Czech pairing of Jan Kopecky and Pavel Dresler clinched the overall championship for Škoda. From twelve starts, Škoda scored eleven podium finishes and eight victories – an incredible performance!
Škoda Motorsport Team
The new Finnish crew of Esapekka Lappi and Janne Ferm demonstrated huge potential during their first start with the Škoda Motorsport factory team, winning Rally Poland in 2012. In 2013, the pair made a real statement of intent when they finished second in Italy and powered to victory in the season finale in Switzerland.
The crew of Sepp Wiegand and Frank Christian have been successful in WRC2, where they won the 2013 season opener in Monte Carlo and grabbed two more podium finishes in Sweden and Portugal.
Škoda Fabia Super 2000
It might look similar to the road-going Fabia VRS, but the Super 2000 is an entirely different beast. Powered by a screaming race-tuned 2.0-litre naturally-aspirated engine, lubricated with Castrol EDGE, the car delivers 275bhp and 250Nm of torque. The advanced four-wheel-drive system, which works with specially designed rally tires, makes it easy for the drivers to get the power down and pull off truly astounding acceleration and handling, even in slippery mud or wet gravel.
The Stats
Car: | Škoda Fabia Super 2000 |
Engine: | 2.0-litre naturally-aspirated |
Power: | 275bhp |
Torque: | 250Nm |
The 2014 12-rally ERC season takes the teams around Europe's greatest rally venues on asphalt, gravel and snow, including Greece, Portugal, Belgium and Czech Republic. The season runs from January to November.
3-5 January | Jännerrallye (AUT) |
31 January-2 February | Rally Liepāja (LAT) |
27 February-1 March | Sibiu Rally (ROM) |
28-30 March | Acropolis Rally (GRE) |
17-19 April | Circuit of Ireland Rally (GBR) |
15-17 May | SATA Rallye Açores (POR) |
19-21 June | Geko Ypres Rally (BEL) |
17-19 July | auto24 Rally (EST) |
29-31 August | Barum Czech Rally Zlín (CZE) |
19-21 September | Cyprus Rally (CYP) |
23-25 October | Rallye International du Valais (SWI) |
6-8 November** | Giru di Corsica-Tour de Corse (FRA) |
*Subject to ratification by the FIA World Motor Sport Council **Subject to the signing of the event promoter agreement |
About ERC
The FIA European Rally Championship is one of the world's longest running rally championships, having started in 1953. In 2013, the European Rally Championship and the Intercontinental Rally Challenge merged into one championship making it even more exciting.


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A Blog for Catholic Apologetics and Traditionalism
Monday, February 2, 2015
Biblical proof that being "Clothed in Christ" has nothing to do with Protestant Imputation.
HERE is my latest post at Creed Code Cult where I show St Paul certainly did not have the Protestant dogma of "Christ's Imputed Righteousness" (by faith alone) in mind when he said we are "Clothed in Christ."
Saturday, January 24, 2015
Traditionalism is the 'right wing' of AmChurch
The "American Catholic Church" (or
"AmChurch" as some call it) refers to the Catholic experience in
America of practicing the Faith with a "don't tell me what to
believe" type attitude that is characteristic of Protestantism. The term
is typically used by Traditionalists when speaking of "Liberal Catholics" in
America, but the problem is much more serious because the Tradosphere is actually
founded upon essentially the same erroneous (Liberal) principles as the
AmChurch's 'left wing'.
Long ago Rome saw these dangers creeping in, and so Pope
Leo XIII issued an Encyclical against "Americanism" in which he
singled out three big dangers we face:
These dangers are: (1) the confounding of license with liberty; (2) the passion for discussing and pouring contempt upon any possible subject; (3) the assumed right to hold whatever opinions one pleases and to set them forth in print to the world. (Testem Benevolentiae Nostrae)
The first error is the chief characteristic of
Liberalism, which states that man is not bound to any law beyond himself,
including not bound to Natural Law. The result is
that "Liberty" becomes defined as "the right to do or say whatever you want" - which is not true Liberty at all, since it lacks restraints.
Building on the first error, the second and third AmChurch errors
listed above immediately find their justification. They now think they have the right to
discuss, criticize, pour out contempt upon, and especially publish anything he pleases. This "assumed right" states that
one can even smear the reputation of another, protected under the guise of
"free speech" (another Liberal error).
Catholic Social Teaching,
Monday, November 17, 2014
A clear prophecy of the Catholic Church in the Old Testament?
Over at the Creed Code Cult blog is an Article on how the Old Testament Prophet Daniel gave an unmistakable prophecy of the Catholic Church as a universal, visible, and everlasting entity on earth. This prophecy doesn't fit with the Protestant understanding of Christ's Church (ecclesiology), which is that of an invisible body and which fell into full apostasy prior to Luther (else there would have been no reason for Luther to break away if there was a faithful remnant already).
I firmly believe this is an awesome and effective apologetics argument to use against Evangelicals.
I firmly believe this is an awesome and effective apologetics argument to use against Evangelicals.
Update 11-19-14: I have found online an article
called "Interpretations of the Kingdom of God in Daneil 2:44" by Gerhard
Pfandl (1996). He gives a good summary of the patristic data. The
following Patristic sources he cites I was able to find online and
verify the quotes:
Tuesday, September 2, 2014
Is Imputation taught in 2 Corinthians 5:21?
Protestants consider
2 Corinthians 5:21 to be one of the chief Biblical proof texts for for their doctrine of the Imputed Righteousness of Christ. In fact, they put so much emphasis on this verse that a lot of their credibility hangs on it. Give this, I want to provide Catholics with some key
information on what to say when speaking with a Protestant on this crucial
text, because if you can stop them in their tracks here, you'll have gone a long way towards causing them to rethink everything about their own position and what Catholicism has to offer them.
Friday, July 25, 2014
Tuesday, July 15, 2014
The difference between Catholics and Protestants
Over at Creed, Code, Cult, there is a new post (LINK) briefly discussing the core differences between Catholics and Protestants. People on each side of the fence need to know both their own position as well as the position of those on the other side, otherwise dialogue will never go anywhere. When each side defines key terms very differently, it does no good to simply quote verses, since each side is reading them with their own lens.
There is also an good discussion going on in the comments between me ("Nick") and "Eric," as well as a few others. The other comments are not really on topic, so if you don't have the time, just skim over them (e.g. the person posting by the name "Faith" is going off on his own tangents).
There is also an good discussion going on in the comments between me ("Nick") and "Eric," as well as a few others. The other comments are not really on topic, so if you don't have the time, just skim over them (e.g. the person posting by the name "Faith" is going off on his own tangents).
Wednesday, June 25, 2014
Does Infant Baptism contradict Calvinism?
I wrote an article for Jason Stellman's blog on why I believe Infant Baptism is incompatible with Reformed Theology. Since the Reformed tradition adamantly teaches Infant Baptism is a necessary and orthodox Christian teaching, if Infant Baptism is incompatible with other points of Reformed Theology, it means the Calvinist system is self-refuting and thus false.
The key question is: Does Baptism actually produce a change in the infant? For example, does the act of Baptizing, by the very act, induct an infant into the New Covenant? The answer is either Yes or No.
If the answer to that question is Yes, then on what basis do the Reformed really have for opposing the Catholic notion of Baptismal Regeneration? None that I can see. Since no text of Scripture limits the effects of Baptism to merely inducting one into the New Covenant, it would naturally imply that if Baptism does something 'automatically' to the infant, then all baptized infants receive the same gifts that the Bible says Baptism bestows. So a Yes answer is obviously unacceptable.
But if the answer to that question is No, then it means Baptism doesn't do anything to the infant, and instead is an external sign of an already existing reality. For example, throwing a birthday party is an outward sign that someone is a year older, but it doesn't make the person one year older. The problem here is that it would mean children of believing parents are automatically part of the New Covenant in virtue of their natural conception or natural birth, which seems blasphemous since basically makes Baptism superfluous and it reduces New Covenant membership to a matter of biology. This would mean a No answer is also obviously unacceptable
If both options are unacceptable, then it means Infant Baptism contradicts Reformed Theology, despite being a part of Reformed Theology, making the system inconsistent and thus self-refuting.
From my study on this matter, I think the problem is even worse, since it seems that the Reformed have equated baptism with circumcision, rather than drawing a parallel between them. And if that's the case, I see it as a variation of the Judaizer heresy, conflating life under the Mosaic Law with life in the Church. I address this more in the article linked above.
Wednesday, May 21, 2014
Reformed Professor Matthew Barrett and the shallowness of the Protestant grasp of Scripture
I'm not writing this brief article to make fun of anyone, but simply as an example of the sad situation Protestantism finds itself in when it comes to interpreting Scripture. I really want to emphasize this because for a long time and even still to this day Protestants are under a serious delusion that Catholics are too dumb to really know the plain teaching of Scripture. In this post I want to give a brief look at what a Reformed Seminary Professor posted on his blog.
Matthew Barrett has a PhD in systematic theology, is editor of a major Reformed magazine (Credo), and is a professor at a Reformed college. Just yesterday he posted on the Credo Magazine blog a post titled "It is finished: A reflection on John 19:30." Just by the title, you'd think that Dr Barrett is going to exegete this verse, and in fact I was drawn to read this post precisely because I know this verse is important for the Calvinist view of the Atonement. But when you read the brief "reflection," there's no actual exegesis of the text at all. He merely quotes the text in passing a few times, which is simply how most Protestants approach this verse.
Matthew Barrett has a PhD in systematic theology, is editor of a major Reformed magazine (Credo), and is a professor at a Reformed college. Just yesterday he posted on the Credo Magazine blog a post titled "It is finished: A reflection on John 19:30." Just by the title, you'd think that Dr Barrett is going to exegete this verse, and in fact I was drawn to read this post precisely because I know this verse is important for the Calvinist view of the Atonement. But when you read the brief "reflection," there's no actual exegesis of the text at all. He merely quotes the text in passing a few times, which is simply how most Protestants approach this verse.
These two concluding paragraphs form the heart of his post, so that's all I'll quote and comment upon:
When we come to the cross and we see the enormous amount of suffering Jesus underwent, we tend to focus solely on his physical suffering: the crown of thorns, the nails, and the crucifix. But as important as all of this is, we cannot miss the main thing: the most excruciating thing about the suffering servant's cross is that he bore the very wrath of God that was ours. The Lord laid upon Christ our iniquities and Christ took the due penalty for those iniquities. We see this and we hear it when Christ cries out, "Eloi, Eloi, lema sabachthani?" which means, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me" (Mark 15:34). And then come three beautiful words, "It is finished" (John 19:30).
What is finished? Christ, as he says in the garden of Gethsamani, has drunk the cup of God's wrath in full (Matt. 26:39), and by doing so, as Hebrews 1:3 reminds us, Christ "made purification for sins." As our high priest Christ "entered once for all into the holy places, not by means of the blood of goats and calves but by means of his own blood, thus securing an eternal redemption" (Heb. 9:11-12; cf. 9:13, 25-26). Indeed, this is good news.
Again, this man has a PhD in systematic theology, so he should know how to exegete Scripture and know how things fit together. And yet these handful of sentences show the most embarrassing level of interpretive skill and grasp of theology. But really, this is par for the course for the highest levels of orthodox Reformed Protestant scholarship.
Dr Barrett starts off by making the standard Protestant claim that Christ's physical sufferings at the hands of men, as dreadful as they were, were in fact nothing compared to the spiritual suffering of enduring the Father's Divine Wrath. Such statements are so obviously outrageous that I'd expect others to be speaking up against it. Dr Barrett both trivializes the physical sufferings of Our Lord and introduces a completely foreign concept of God's Wrath being poured out on Christ. Sadly, as I noted earlier, this is in fact the best Protestantism has to offer. It's not that they do this on purpose, but they have serious 'blinders' on that prevent them from thinking clearly. Such is the reality of sin, and such is the position one is put in when they're outside the Catholic Church. Trivializing the physical sufferings of Christ is equivalent to denying the Crucifixion, and God help me if I or any Catholic trivializes the heart of our salvation like that.
not going to beat a dead horse on the "My God, why have you forsaken me?" comments, because I've covered that many times before. I just want people, Protestant and Catholic, to just stop and look at how shallow Reformed theology is and the liberties and desperation it takes with the Sacred Text. It's truly an abuse of God's Word if there ever was one. And to follow this up, Dr Barrett brings up the main text in question, "It is finished," as if he had actually exegeted and proved his thesis. He is oblivious to the fact "It is finished" has it's own context in John, and he's oblivious to the fact John (and Luke) never mention the "forsaken me" quote, despite Dr Barrett's insistence that this "forsaken me" text is the heart of the true understanding of the Cross. He has the audacity to ask "What is finished?" without even looking at the context. And he concludes by quoting all these texts from Hebrews, not realizing the absolute silence in Hebrews about any reference to God's Wrath (or Active Obedience). What's going on folks? And to think this is the enlightened 'wisdom' of men who don't want you to be Catholic? Give me a break.
Once you have the right glasses on, you have a hard time taking Protestantism seriously. To get the right glasses on, you just have to realize that Protestants don't really follow the Bible at all, but rather they follow a completely unbiblical "tradition of men" called Sola Fide, and they accept this as a starting premise and from there proceed to make Scripture fit. The Reformation wasn't about Sola Scriptura, it was about Sola Fide, specifically the agenda of presuming its truth and forcing the Scripture's to agree (resulting in numerous other "traditions of men" they are forced to embrace).
I guess what's really hard about reading this kind of stuff is that I really hoped for better, and I truly believe Protestants owe us Catholics better. But it's almost as if God's Word has a built in safety feature, where the moment someone starts to tamper with it, absurdities surface. That's precisely what happens with Protestant scholarship, and Reformed theology in particular. If the Reformed blogosphere isn't going to call out such embarrassing statements which the Reformed PhD's routinely make, then how can we really take them seriously?
Monday, April 7, 2014
Can Protestants drink from Christ's Cup and Carry their Cross in obedience to Jesus? I don't think so.
Today on John Piper's Desiring God Blog a guest writer named Steven Lee wrote a post titled "The Cup Consumed for Us." The post is a brief reflection on Matthew 20:20-28 where the apostles James and John are asked by Jesus "Are you able to drink the cup that I am to drink?" Lee interprets this verse in the way many Calvinists do, claiming that this cup Jesus is going to drink is "the cup of God's wrath." But is this true? And wouldn't such a claim make nonsense of Our Lord's words? That's what I'll address in this post.
Wednesday, April 2, 2014
Does the Catholic view of Christ's Atonement permit the Reformed view of "Penal Substitution"?
Some Reformed Protestants have commented to me that the Catholic Church doesn't have an official view of the Atonement and that the Catholic Church even permits the Reformed view of "Penal Substitution". The problem with these kinds of claims is that they don't understand what the Catholic Church means when the Church uses terms like "atonement" and "sacrifice" (and similar terms), so these Protestants end up reading foreign ideas into Catholic teaching. The fact of the matter is, the Catholic Church doesn't have to condemn every single error that comes up in history, especially if those errors are already condemned in other forms. So while you won't find any Church teaching that says "Penal Substitution is heresy," you will find the Church teaching things directly contrary to what Penal Substitution espouses. Typically, the Church lays out parameters for orthodoxy, and while one is free to work within those parameters, one is not free to transgress those parameters. For this post I'll be giving some examples of Catholic teaching that go against the concept of Penal Substitution, showing that a Catholic cannot embrace that view of the Cross and be within the parameters of orthodoxy and Catholic thought.
Friday, March 28, 2014
Protestant apologetics site GotQuestions? says Jesus "spiritually died" on the Cross.
Sorry to annoy you dear readers, but I'm going to have to post a third post this week, after finding yet another big name Protestant apologist making it clear that God the Father damned His Son Jesus in place of damning us. This time it's the website GotQuestions?, a popular online source where Protestants can get their theological questions answered from a conservative Protestant viewpoint. I'll try to make this brief since I mostly just want it to be a "for the record" type post.
The following quotes about what kind of suffering Jesus endured come from various Question & Answer posts on the GotQuestions? website, so I'll quote and provide the link to each (quotes are trimmed down for brevity).
- A physical death is the separation of the soul from the body. Spiritual death, which is of greater significance, is the separation of the soul from God. When Adam and Eve heard the voice of the Lord, they "hid themselves from the presence of the LORD God." The fellowship had been broken. They were spiritually dead. When Jesus was hanging on the cross, He paid the price for us by dying on our behalf. Even though He is God, He still had to suffer the agony of a temporary separation from the Father due to the sin of the world He was carrying on the cross. After three hours of supernatural darkness, He cried, "My God, My God, why hast Thou forsaken Me?" (Mark 15:33-34). This spiritual separation from the Father was the result of the Son's taking our sins upon Himself. That's the impact of sin. Sin is the exact opposite of God, and God had to turn away from His own Son at that point in time. (Question: "What is spiritual death?")
Wednesday, March 26, 2014
Reformed apologist Joe Mizzi says Jesus was "forgotten" by the Father while on the Cross.
Just last week I wrote about how Calvinist John Piper explicitly said Jesus was "damned in our place," and today another Calvinist apologist named Joe Mizzi wrote on his blog a similar article. The article is titled "Why have you forsaken me?" (3-26-14), which briefly deals with Jesus' words on the Cross and what these words mean. Included in the reflection was the following claims by Joe Mizzi:
But the next time he opened his mouth, Jesus uttered these mysterious words, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" Many centuries before, the Psalmist had declared: "I have been young, and now am old, yet I have not seen the righteous forsaken" (Psalms 37:25). But on the cross the Righteous One was forgotten by God – He who never committed the least sin, who unfailingly obeyed the whole will of God, and in whom the Father was well-pleased. In that dark hour the Father left the Son on his own.
Saturday, March 22, 2014
John Piper says Jesus was "damned in our place" - Do Calvinists realize what they're saying?
A few days ago I was skimming over John Piper's blog (he's a popular Calvinist author, pastor, and writer) and I noticed his post for March 18, 2014 contained an outrageous comment regarding Our Lord's Passion and Death. I didn't read the whole post since it was an odd mixture of thoughts, but his conclusion caught my eye just because it was so outrageous:
When Jesus cried, "My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?" it was the scream of the damned — damned in our place (Isaiah 53:5–6; Romans 8:3; Galatians 3:14). If we will repent and trust him, no Esau, no lesbian, no president, no pastor, no person will be condemned. Our sight and our reason will return to us.
This isn't the first time Piper has said such things about Jesus being "damned in our place," as I've recorded such comments of his in prior articles, but I wanted to post on this just for the record that he's still saying this stuff even today. And Calvinists really don't mind, because they agree that what he's saying is what the Protestant understanding of the Cross is all about: Jesus enduring the hellfire damnation that we deserved to endure, substituting himself to be punished in our place, also known as Penal Substitution.
Sunday, March 16, 2014
Isaiah 53 - Does it really say God "crushed" Jesus? (More Problems with Penal Substitution)
Whenever I challenge a Protestant
to show where the Bible teaches that God the Father poured out His wrath
upon Jesus, one of their go-to verses is Isaiah 53:10 where it says: It was the will of the Lord to crush him.
At first appearance, this does come off as suggesting the Father
actively inflicted punishment upon Jesus, but it turns out that there
are two versions of this text, one of which uses a very different word
than "crush".
Wednesday, March 12, 2014
A Reformed exegetical whopper on The Parable of the Good Samaratan (plus a bonus Papacy Proof)
From the What in the world was he thinking? File comes a link that Bryan Cross shared a little over a month ago on his blog, but I didn't have a chance to re-share it until now. The link is to a January 2014 blog post by Tullian Tchividjian, who teaches at Reformed Seminary (and is Billy
Graham's grandson). In his post, Tullian "interprets" the parable of the Good Samaritan - that famous parable from Luke 10:29-37 where Jesus teaches us what it means to 'love our neighbor'. This is pretty straightforward stuff, and yet, astonishingly, Tullian ends up turning the simple lesson of Jesus on it's head.
Here are some key excerpts (see the main article for the full story) from Tullian's article:
This parable is perhaps the best known story Jesus ever told after the parable of The Prodigal Son. It is, however, also the most misunderstood.
Sola Fide
Friday, March 7, 2014
Another Papacy proof from the Early Church - (Pope Hormisdas, AD519)
Here's a relatively brief apologetics argument for the Papacy that I was introduced to which I think is worth sharing. I'll start with a historical background (with lots of assistance from Wikipedia), then present the argument, and then I'll end by examining some potential objections.
Church Fathers,
Eastern Orthodoxy,
Monday, February 3, 2014
Natural Law...OR...New Covenant in Rom. 2:14-15 - What "Law" is written on the heart?
This is somewhat of a Part 2 to my previous post, "Imputed Righteousness in the New Covenant?"
For this post I want to share a fascinating find regarding a fascinating text of Scripture that is often glossed over when reading Romans 2. Embedded within the context of Paul's claim that "the doers of the law will be justified" (2:13) is a curious statement that the Gentiles "who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires" (2:14) and so reveal that "the law is written on their hearts" (2:15). This text can play a key role in Protestant-Catholic discussions because the way it uses the term "law," which is a crucial term to understand when reading Paul. It is my contention, as well as that of a growing number of Protestant scholars, that the term "law" (Greek: nomos) specifically refers to the Mosaic Law, and not to some more generic eternal law of God. Recognizing the serious negative implications of this for Sola Fide, some Protestants are fond of turning to Romans 2:14-15, thinking that this text provides an escape. In this post I will show that this text doesn't help this Protestant objection at all, and in fact opens an avenue to prove the Catholic position.
For this post I want to share a fascinating find regarding a fascinating text of Scripture that is often glossed over when reading Romans 2. Embedded within the context of Paul's claim that "the doers of the law will be justified" (2:13) is a curious statement that the Gentiles "who do not have the law, by nature do what the law requires" (2:14) and so reveal that "the law is written on their hearts" (2:15). This text can play a key role in Protestant-Catholic discussions because the way it uses the term "law," which is a crucial term to understand when reading Paul. It is my contention, as well as that of a growing number of Protestant scholars, that the term "law" (Greek: nomos) specifically refers to the Mosaic Law, and not to some more generic eternal law of God. Recognizing the serious negative implications of this for Sola Fide, some Protestants are fond of turning to Romans 2:14-15, thinking that this text provides an escape. In this post I will show that this text doesn't help this Protestant objection at all, and in fact opens an avenue to prove the Catholic position.
Tuesday, January 28, 2014
Imputed Righteousness in the New Covenant?
[Update: Don't miss Part 2 of this series!]
This will be something of a Part 1 of a two-part post. In this post I want to point out something fascinating that I noticed regarding the Protestant heresy known as Imputation, specifically the notion that Christ kept the law perfectly in our place and transferred this perfect obedience to us so we could be members of the New Covenant. This is more formally known as "Imputation of Christ's Active Obedience," but the truth is, the New Testament writers never speak of this, and in fact it contradicts many New Testament passages. One passage I want to point out is a crucial passage for Christians, since it comes from the Old Testament and is one of the clearest prophecies that there would be a New Covenant.
This will be something of a Part 1 of a two-part post. In this post I want to point out something fascinating that I noticed regarding the Protestant heresy known as Imputation, specifically the notion that Christ kept the law perfectly in our place and transferred this perfect obedience to us so we could be members of the New Covenant. This is more formally known as "Imputation of Christ's Active Obedience," but the truth is, the New Testament writers never speak of this, and in fact it contradicts many New Testament passages. One passage I want to point out is a crucial passage for Christians, since it comes from the Old Testament and is one of the clearest prophecies that there would be a New Covenant.
In Jeremiah 31 we read:
31 "Behold, the days are coming, declares the Lord, when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah, 32 not like the covenant that I made with their fathers on the day when I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, my covenant that they broke, though I was their husband, declares the Lord. 33 For this is the covenant that I will make with the house of Israel after those days, declares the Lord: I will put my law within them, and I will write it on their hearts. And I will be their God, and they shall be my people. 34 And no longer shall each one teach his neighbor and each his brother, saying, 'Know the Lord,' for they shall all know me, from the least of them to the greatest, declares the Lord. For I will forgive their iniquity, and I will remember their sin no more."
This Prophecy is huge for a couple of reasons. As noted earlier, this Prophecy is one of the clearest and most important prophecies telling us there would be a New Covenant. And this New Covenant will be characterized by two main details: (1) forgiveness of sins, and (2) having the law written upon their hearts so that they may know how to love God and neighbor.
Wednesday, January 8, 2014
What did Paul mean by "ungodly" in Romans 4:5?
Some Protestants have told me the term "ungodly" in Romans 4:5 refers to moral failing in a general sense, and from here they argue that Paul's point is that Abraham was a rotten sinner when he was declared righteous in God's sight. I don't deny that 'generic ungodliness' is a possible meaning for this term, so the Protestant side isn't helped nor is the Catholic side harmed if this is granted. But I think an even stronger case can be made that "ungodly" in Romans 4:5 refers to being outside the Mosaic Covenant, a much narrower meaning. Here is the article where I show the context itself leads the fair and honest exegete to see "ungodly" best refers to the specific parameter of being outside the Mosaic Covenant. In this article, I want to look at the word itself, especially the way it's used elsewhere in the Bible.
The Greek adjective in Romans 4:5 is asebes and is found in 8 verses: Rom 4:5; 5:6; 1 Tim 1:9; 1 Pet 4:18; 2 Pet 2:5; 2 Pet 3:7; Jud 1:4; Jud 1:15. The noun appears in 6 verses: Rom 1:18; 11:26; 2 Tim 2:16; Titus 2:12; Jude 1:15; 1:18. I don't deny nor have I ever denied that the predominant usage here refers to something along the lines of 'generic ungodliness'. With that said, it is interesting to note that in various verses the term "ungodly" is mentioned along with other terms pertaining to sinful living, suggesting there is a distinction between "ungodly" and moral failing in a generic sense. For example, even though 1 Timothy 1:9 uses the term "ungodly" it also mentions "lawless," "disobedient," and even "sinner," in the same breath. This suggests some distinction. And 1 Peter 4:18 also mentions "ungodly" and "sinner" in the same breath, which again would suggest some distinction. Jude 1:15b speaks of "ungodly sinners," connecting two terms, most likely referring to generic ungodliness, but still suggesting a distinction. Romans 1:18 distinguishes between "ungodliness" and "unrighteousness," which is quite interesting given how these terms relate to justification in the later chapters. So whatever this distinction is, it is clear that asebes does not automatically entail a 'generic ungodliness'.
The Old Testament is harder to deal with because even though the term "ungodly" appears numerous times, almost always referring to sinful living, in the Mosaic dispensation this could especially refer to not living according to the Mosaic standards of law and worship. So while "ungodly" in Genesis 18:23 is long before Moses and circumcision (and thus likely 'generic ungodliness'), a text like Psalm 1:1-2, 4-6 is certainly about David having in mind the Mosaic Law as God's ideal standard. And related to this is Romans 11:26, which speaks of banishing "ungodliness" from Jacob, which is most
likely referring to violating the Mosaic Law, especially given the
context of Romans 11 is about the Jews versus Gentiles.
There is one more piece of evidence to consult, and that is the fact asebes is the negated form of the Greek word sebo, which basically means "religious" or "devout." This is worth exploring because in understanding the positive meaning of sebo can help give a better understanding of what the 'negated' meaning (asebes) refers to. This word is found in 10 verses in the New Testament, and in nearly every case it refers to the the specific worship of God according to Mosaic standards: Acts 13:43, 13:50, 16:14, 17:4, 17:17, 18:7, 18:13. Two men stand out as being "devout" in reference to the Mosaic standards, in fact being called 'very devout' (the Greek word eusebius, from which the Church Father Eusebius is named), namely Corneilus in Acts 10:2 and Ananias in Acts 22:12. This certainly does not refer to generic devotion to God, but rather it is very concerned with the fact the Jews did make a positive impact on their Gentile neighbors, bringing them knowledge of the true God and the Torah. So to 'negate' this notion would result in the notion of someone 'not devout according to Mosaic standards', and thus in a genuine way supporting the 'outside the Mosaic Law' thesis.
From this brief look at the term itself, I would say the situation is by no means a simple open-and-shut in favor of what certain Protestants jump to conclude. The best case I could see them make is how Romans 5:6-8 seems to parallel
"ungodly" to "sinner" (in an apparently generic sense), and then say this is in proximity to Romans 4. Regardless, as I said earlier, it ultimately proves nothing against the Catholic position, for the more important Protestant claim that God declares someone righteous whom He knows is unrighteous is flatly unbiblical.
Sola Fide
Tuesday, December 17, 2013
How Mary Refutes Protestantism
[Updated 12-30-13: I'm in discussion in the comment box with someone who is suggesting the Lutheran view might have a solution to this. If so, then my original argument obviously no longer should be used. For now I'll just leave this whole thread up.]
I feel bad for not getting a new post up for over a month now because I've been so busy, but in some ways that's a healthy thing. I've always believed that posting too frequently is not a good idea because it drives down the quality of posts, promotes a consumerist mentality, and tends to overwhelm readers. For this post, I want to share a brief argument that overturns the entire Protestant paradigm.
I feel bad for not getting a new post up for over a month now because I've been so busy, but in some ways that's a healthy thing. I've always believed that posting too frequently is not a good idea because it drives down the quality of posts, promotes a consumerist mentality, and tends to overwhelm readers. For this post, I want to share a brief argument that overturns the entire Protestant paradigm.
We know that Mary was the mother of Our Lord
Jesus Christ, but this is a more significant claim than we typically realize
and give credit for. Mary gave Jesus His humanity. Without Him receiving
humanity from Her, no Incarnation would have taken place. So how does this
refute Protestantism? Here's the fun part.
Protestants believe that human nature was
"radically corrupted" and made "totally depraved" by Adam's
sin. As a result, every person from Adam onward, including Mary, was born with
a corrupt/depraved 'sin nature'. The only exception is Jesus, who did not have
a 'sin nature' but rather a perfectly upright human nature. But how can this be
if Jesus received His humanity from Mary, who Herself was born with a 'sin
nature'? As the saying goes, you cannot give what you don't have. So how can She
give Him an upright human nature if She didn't have this already? Really, what
we have here is two human natures, a corrupt human nature and an upright human
nature. So the Protestant has to decide between two devastating options: Either
Jesus took on Mary's 'sin nature' in order to become Incarnate, or Jesus did not take Mary's 'sin nature' and thus Jesus couldn't
have truly shared in our humanity, meaning the Incarnation never
So which of the two difficult choices would
you go with: Did Jesus have a 'sin nature' or did the Incarnation never happen?
Thanks be to God, Catholics don't have to pick either! Rather, Catholics have
always taught that there was nothing wrong with Mary's humanity and thus there's no dilemma. This is why the early Ecumenical Councils had
no problem saying: "Consubstantial with the Father as touching his
Godhead and consubstantial with us as touching his manhood."
During the Creed when we say Jesus is "consubstantial with the
Father," the same Councils said consubstantiality applies also in regards
to Mary's humanity!
To better understand all this, you must recognize
that Adam didn't cease to be human the moment he sinned. Rather, he ceased to
be in communion with God, forfeiting the Divine Indwelling of the Trinity in
his soul, as well as forfeiting other divine gifts such as immorality. These gifts "clothed" humanity, they didn't destroy, nullify, or conflate
with humanity. Losing the gifts doesn't mean losing humanity, it just means humanity was no longer 'clothed with grace'. This is why some
in the Early Church interpreted the Biblical phrase "man was made in the
image and likeness of God" to refer to two realities: the
"image" referring to humanity as a rational being, and the
"likeness" referring to the gracious gifts that 'clothed' humanity and bestow special
super-human powers to man, such as immortality. This distinction is sometimes
known as the Nature-Grace Distinction.
Realizing this, it becomes clear that God
intended man to cooperate with grace, since grace was to compliment the person's natural human abilities (Lk 24:49; 1 Cor 15:53). Since Protestants reject the idea man can
cooperate with grace, this forced Protestants to conflate "image" and
"likeness" (i.e. collapse Nature and Grace into one thing rather than
keeping them distinguished). And to add insult to injury, Jesus' Divinity
became of no real significance since Protestants see Jesus as doing what Adam
only as a human was supposed to do (e.g. love God by only human powers, not by
grace). As a result of this thinking, we have the original dilemma I mentioned
earlier on: Protestants are forced to either say Mary passed on "sin
nature" to Jesus or else Jesus wasn't truly Incarnate at all. What a
Christmas present for Protestants to wake up to!
With Christmas coming up next week, I would hope
this article helped give readers a better appreciation for just what happened
at the Annunciation and on Christmas Day.
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