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Encarnacion G. Víllora, Kiyoshi Shimamura, Keiji Sumiya, and Hiroyuki Ishibashi, "Birefringent- and quasi phase-matching with BaMgF4 for vacuum-UV/UV and mid-IR all solid-state lasers," Opt. Express 17, 12362-12378 (2009)

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Many of these concept car designs by third-year students at the Instituto Europea di Design in Turin, part of a partnership with BMW, are interesting, but this "ZX-6 Concept" by Jai Ho Yoo and Lukas Vanek takes the cake. It's provocative in shape and cleverly integrates trademark BMW scallops with an interesting new way for doors to operate. It's probably impossibly ambitious, but it's the first concept car I've seen in a while that actually looks futuristic. Or at least novel.
Brownlee hates it, though — says it "looks like a butter dish."
IED Thesis: BMW 2015 Concept [CarBodyDesign.com via Core77]


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Our volunteers are the most important part of Slow Food Utah! Please join us for brunch at Squatter's, in YOUR honor! We want to thank you for all your hard work helping our community learn about and enjoy good, clean, fair food.
It's our treat! Please come for brunch and meet your new Volunteer Coordinator, Lisa McCune. Mix and mingle with other volunteers and help us plan for our year ahead. RSVP required, email firstname.lastname@example.com.


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The following letter was sent to MP John Weston and MLA Nicholas Simons with a copy to Coast Reporter.
Dear Mr. Weston and Mr. Simons:
I have read with dismay a recent story in the Vancouver Sun regarding Ottawa's announcement regarding major expansion of fish farms in British Columbia.
There is a mountain of scientific evidence that fish farms pose many hazards and are jeopardizing wild salmon stocks. Several major salmon runs were dismal in 2013 for returning chinook and sockeye salmon, so bad, in fact that orcas are suffering because of lack of food. Did no one listen to the recommendations of the Cohen commission? Why did we spend $26 million on the inquiry? Why are we even considering jeopardizing our wild stocks with even more fish farms?
Canadians and British Columbians are being played for fools.
The majority of open net fish farms are owned by Norwegian companies, not Canadians, not British Columbians. It is not acceptable in a democracy when the needs of corporations and lobbyists usurp the needs of a country's citizens.
Fish farms should be taken out of the ocean and onto the land, not expanded!
As representatives of our coastal community, it is your duty to take these concerns seriously and let the federal and provincial government know that it is not all right to sneak this policy through without looking at the science that speaks against it.
Bette Chadwick
© Copyright 2015 Coast Reporter


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better travel photography•COM
photo tours with steve davey
Website, Images and text © Steve Davey/stevedavey.com 1990 - 2015
Better Travel Photography was created by Steve Davey to celebrate the art of travel photography and to help people improve their travel photography skills and get more out of their travels. Some of the highlights of the site are image galleries, travel photography features and 501 Travel Photography Tips. This site also features Steve's exclusive range of travel photography tours.
The photo tour you are looking for is currently not scheduled. Steve Davey is a professional photographer and writer and so only leads three or four tours a year to balance with his professional and family life. You can see some images from the last time that this tour ran below. At the moment we have two tours avalable, but are busy working on more itineraries:
Impressions of Burma 2015 Burma retains much of its charm and culture: monks can be seen on their morning alms round, and the country is covered with ancient monasteries and temples, including the temple complex at Bagan. Our tour visits Mandalay and Rangoon and sees us take boats down the Irrawaddy River and on Lake Inle. To see more click here.
Impressions of Morocco 2015 We have travelled to Morocco a number of times, and this 12 day itinerary revisits some of most favourite locations, such as Ait Benhaddhou, Marrakech and the Sahara Desert, as well as treading new ground in Taroudant and Agadir. To see more click here.


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Yesterday was a day to celebrate the men who raised us, who support us, who love us.
My own dad did all of these things, and I am his grateful daughter. But yesterday, I was especially proud of him, and I want to talk about that here, even though it might be too fresh, and I might not have the right words yet. Because yesterday my dad did something for me that he hasn't done in a long time – he fought for me.
Anyone who reads my blog knows that I have a downright contentious relationship with my dad's family. And when I say my dad's family, I'm actually referring to four of his five sisters.
My aunts. The Tias.
One of the things I've realized as I've opened up more about my own struggles with my family is that I'm not alone – almost everyone I meet has a story to tell about the family members who make them feel like shit. I could fill an entire blog with the details of the psychological warfare my aunts have waged on me over my lifetime, but that's not what this post is about. Suffice to say that my aunts have often — especially in the past few years — made me feel like the most unlovable person, ever.
I've been asked a lot during this time what my dad has to say. And the answer has always been … nothing.
This has been a tough truth to face – my dad is not generally the kind of man who sits back and does nothing when someone makes one of his girls upset. In fact, I still remember vividly having to talk my dad down after a particularly bad waitressing shift in college, where the cooks had yelled at me (anyone who's ever worked in a restaurant knows this is par for the course). As I walked to my car, feeling like the dam was about to burst at any second, my cell phone rang – it was my dad and he could tell right away I was upset. When I 'fessed up the reason why he wanted to know the names of the cooks and I knew he was getting ready to drive over to that restaurant and give them a piece of his fist mind.
My dad is not a man to be trifled with.
But when it comes to his sisters, he goes mysteriously silent. At first this made me angry. And then, it made me sad. And then I just accepted it. Because my relationship with my dad is more important to me than his mean sisters.
Throughout the past seven years that I've butted heads with my dad's family, the script has remained the same: we're family. Family is the most important thing. That's just the way we are. Deep down we love you. If you really needed us, we would be there.
Translation: we're going to treat you like crap, until you're a helpless pile of low self-esteem, and then when you get hit by a bus, we'll show up at the hospital.
You know, when I was a kid I used to read stories about cults and think to myself how do people not see how crazy it all is? But now I kind of get it – when everyone around you is saying the same thing, it starts to become the truth. And if you dare to have doubts about whether or not this is the right way to live, something must be wrong with you.
It took becoming a mom for me to realize that the ugly cycle of emotional abuse in my family had to stop. I took one look at my son, and realized that I could not allow him to feel the way I had felt for so many years. So I started to fight back, hoping that I could carve out a new place within my family.
No, it's not okay for you to tell me something's wrong with me for not being married. Mind your own business.
No, you don't get to pick and choose who I love. That's my choice.
No, you don't get to make me feel bad because I'm succeeding in life, in spite of you. Positive thinking goes a long way – you should look into it.
You can imagine how well all of this went over.
Eventually, I realized that this just wasn't going to work. That the only way I was going to be happy was if I emotionally and physically distanced myself. That the solution was not to carve out a new place IN my family – it was to carve out a new kind of family.
It's been a struggle, and a balancing act — because I wasn't about to leave behind the man who raised me, and loved me. Or, for that matter, the grandparents and cousins that are truly the redeeming members of my family.
And so began the tricky maneuvering of maintaining my relationship with my dad, grandparents, and cousins, while simultaneously trying to leave behind my relationship with my aunts. This has been a particularly painful process for my dad because he's still in it – he still believes in those archaic notions of family that tell you no matter how bad it gets, you never turn your back on blood.
And so we tread carefully, my little family and I. We show up when it really matters to my dad, and we try our best to be polite, without compromising the limits of what makes us comfortable. No I'm not going to hug and kiss you when you just got through spewing the most awful lies about me to the rest of our family – I'll politely say hello, from a comfortable distance.
Yesterday was such a day, and we showed up. We said our polite hellos to everyone sitting outside eating, and then we sat down to eat inside, by ourselves.
A few minutes into our meal, we heard shouting. And then the kitchen door burst open and my dad stormed in, followed by various family members, trying to talk him down. And somewhere in between all the shouting, I heard it – my dad, yelling I'm tired of this, this has to change.
He was talking about me. He was fighting for me. And he was really, really mad.
My own instincts to protect my dad kicked in, and I joined the family members begging him to calm down. Papi, I told him. They're not going to change. Getting mad doesn't do anybody any good. You should just ignore them, ignore whatever they say. Because I'm not here for them anyway, I'm here for YOU.
No, he shook his head. This has to change. This isn't right. We're family.
My dad spent the rest of the afternoon avoiding my aunts, and everything eventually calmed down. And believe me, I don't have any illusions of this being some kind of permanent game changer – my dad loves his sisters, and that will never change.
But I was proud of him nonetheless. Because my dad finally saw, if only briefly, what I see – that family is not supposed to behave this way.
Family is supposed to pull each other up, not tear each other down.
Family is supposed to cheer you on, not hold you back.
Family should remind you that you are loved, not that you are tolerated.
This is the family that I'm in the process of building, from the ground up. This is the kind of family that I will fight for, until my very last breath. This is the kind of family that my dad fought for, yesterday.
Yesterday, our war cries were the same.
Best … Father's Day … Ever.


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SPAIN: Elster wins major metering contract (10/04/12)
Spain's Consorcio de Aguas de Bilbao Bizkaia has chosen Elster to supply up to 42,000 S220 single-jet water meters over the next two years. The utility manages the primary water supply and drainage network for around one million inhabitants, providing services to 90% of the population of Bizkaia.
The tender was divided into three zones with Elster winning Zone A, which is 47% of the total award. As part of the contract Elster will also install a fixed network AMI system to enable the utility to manage its water resources more efficiently. The meter has a dynamic flow range up to R200, and can be equipped with a bi-directional pulser that makes it suitable for remote consumption reading.
Lis Stedman


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Columbia Men's Ravenous Digital Sports Watch, Black/Brown
Key Features
100-hour chronograph
Hydration alarm
35-lap memory
10-run data storage
Water resistant to 330 feet
Our Price $75.00
Sale Price $54.00
Availability: Sold Out
- Please note: This item can only be shipped to U.S. addresses.
- Additional discounts do not apply.
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Product Description
A wrist instrument inspired by Columbia's award-winning trail running shoe of the same name. Like the shoe it shares its name with, the Ravenous is all about a off-road journey. With lap memory and interval timers that appeal to the conventional runner, this watch includes additional features such as a 100-hour chronograph and a hydration alarm that deliver the extra information that adventure racers and ultra-marathoners and dedicated trail runners need.• 100-hour chronograph; 5 interval timers • Hydration alarm (up to 48 hours prior) • 35 lap memory; 3 alarms • 10 run data storage (total time, best lap, average lap) • Water-resistant to 330 feet Imported. Style: CT006015 |


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Welcome to Illinois...the Land of Lincoln!Honest Abe here to welcome you to the Illinois Campground and RV Park Directory - your online Illinois camping guide!Please join me and my fine feathered friend Cardy as we guide you through the best of Illinois camping and you will discover yourself..." "A Million Miles from Monday" We guarantee you will enjoy what Illinois camping has to offer! Explore Our StateThis Website includes information on the scenic beauty, the many historical sites, and the excellent opportunities for outdoor and indoor fun while you camp. Explore the many family friendly attractions of Illinois! Camping, fishing, boating and hiking are avidly pursued throughout Illinois' many scenic areas that include the famous Spoon River Trail, Lake Michigan's beaches, Starved Rock State Park, Mississippi Palisades Park, Shawnee National Forest and Apple River Canyon. Locate a ParkCamping in Illinois is a unique experience. Use our RV Park and Campground Guide to locate a park in the area you intend to explore. The parks featured in this directory offer a variety of camp accommodations and experiences. Please browse our campground and RV park listings to assist in selecting the perfect Illinois site to park your RV or pitch your tent. KIDS PageThe youngest campers are invited to visit the Kids Page! Print a coloring page and have fun learning a bit about the Land of Lincoln! Friends, please accept our invitation to follow us on through this Website to learn more about the great camping in Illinois! Honest Abe & CaRdY |
[ Home Page ] [ Locate a Park ] [ ICA Membership ] [ Affiliates/RV Dealers/Suppliers ] [ Explore Our State ] [ Request a Guide ] [ KIDS Page ] [ About ICA ] [ Website Links ] Copyright ©2005 Illinois Campground Association - All Rights Reserved | 3085 Stevenson Dr., Ste. 200 · Springfield, IL 62703 | | 866·895·2267 | | |


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Less than truckload
Less than truckload
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Less than truckload shipping
is the transportation of relatively small
Cargo is goods or produce transported, generally for commercial gain, by ship, aircraft, train, van or truck. In modern times, containers are used in most intermodal long-haul cargo transport.-Marine:...
. The alternatives to LTL carriers are parcel carriers or full truckload carriers.
Parcel carriers
Package delivery
Package delivery or parcel delivery is the shipping of packages or high value mail as single shipments. While the service is provided by most postal systems, private package delivery services have also existed in competition with and in place of public postal services.-Package delivery in the...
usually handle small packages and freight that can be broken down in to units less than 150 pounds (68 kg). Full truckload carriers move freight that is loaded into a
A semi-trailer is a trailer without a front axle. A large proportion of its weight is supported by a road tractor, a detachable front axle assembly known as a dolly, or the tail of another trailer...
. Semi trailers are typically between 26 and 53 ft (7.9 and 16.2 m) and thereby require a substantial amount of
Cargo is goods or produce transported, generally for commercial gain, by ship, aircraft, train, van or truck. In modern times, containers are used in most intermodal long-haul cargo transport.-Marine:...
to make such transportation economical.
Less than truckload (LTL)
LTL shipments typically weigh between 151 and 20000 lb (68.5 and 9,071.8 ). Less than truckload carriers collect freight from various shippers and consolidate that freight onto enclosed trailers for linehaul to the delivering terminal or to a hub terminal where the freight will be further sorted and consolidated for additional linehauls. In most cases, drivers start the day by loading up and heading out to make deliveries first, then begin making pickups once the trailer has been emptied for return to the terminal for sorting and delivery next day; thus, most pickups are made in the afternoon and most deliveries are performed in the morning.
Pickup/delivery drivers usually have set casual routes which they travel every day or several times a week, so the driver has an opportunity to develop a rapport with his customers. Once the driver has filled his trailer or completed his assigned route, he returns to his terminal for unloading. The trailer is unloaded and the individual shipments are then weighed and inspected to verify their conformity to the description contained in the accompanying paperwork. All LTL freight is subject to inspection for this purpose, though not all freight is inspected. Next, the freight is loaded onto an outbound trailer which will forward the freight to a
Break bulk cargo
In shipping, break bulk cargo or general cargo is a term that covers a great variety of goods that must be loaded individually, and not in intermodal containers nor in bulk as with oil or grain. Ships that carry this sort of cargo are often called general cargo ships...
, a connection, or to the delivering terminal. An LTL shipment may be handled only once while in transit, or it may be handled multiple times before final delivery is accomplished.
Transit times for LTL freight are longer than for Full Truckload freight (FTL). LTL transit times are not directly related only to the distance between shipper and consignee. Instead, LTL transit times are dependent upon the makeup of the network of terminals and breakbulks that are operated by a given carrier and that carrier's beyond agents and interline partners. For example, if a shipment is picked up and delivered by the same freight terminal, or if the freight must be sorted and routed only once while in transit, the freight will likely be delivered on the next business day after pickup. If the freight must be sorted and routed more than once, or if more than one linehaul is required for transportation to the delivering terminal, then the transit time will be longer. In some instances the LTL freight has up to 10 days of delivery time frame. Also, delivery to beyond points or remote areas will almost always add days to the transit time.
The main advantage to using an LTL carrier is that a shipment may be transported for a fraction of the cost of hiring an entire truck and trailer for an exclusive shipment. Also, a number of accessorial services are available from LTL carriers, which are not typically offered by FTL carriers. These optional services include liftgate service at pickup or delivery, residential (also known as "non-commercial") service at pickup or delivery, inside delivery, notification prior to delivery, freeze protection, and others. These services are usually billed at a predetermined flat fee or for a weight based surcharge calculated as a rate per pound or per hundredweight.
Integrating FTL and LTL carriers for shipper cost savings
Shippers with enough volume of LTL freight may choose to use a Full Truckload Carrier to move the freight directly to a break-bulk facility of an LTL carrier. For example, a North Carolina shipper with a large quantity of shipments bound for Western US States (for example, California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, and Idaho) may be able to realize significant cost savings by having a FTL carrier, known as a linehaul carrier, transport the freight to a break-bulk facility in a central location near the ultimate destination of the freight (in this example, delivery to a break-bulk facility in California for parceling out into LTL lots for transport to the final destinations). The use of an FTL carrier to transport this freight generally provides an overall cost savings because the freight will travel fewer miles in the FTL carrier's network, as well as a reduced overall fuel surcharge cost—that is, one FTL carrier travels the distance to the break-bulk facility for a single carrier's price while using only the fuel required for that FTL truck, vs. several LTL carriers at each carrier's price, each covering some of the same path to the final destinations and each using the fuel required for each one of the LTL trucks. A further benefit is realized in both loading cost and product damage because the freight will not need to be unloaded and reloaded as many times. Additionally, this reduces the incidence of loss and the opportunity for pilfering or theft, because all of the freight travels together and is not broken down into LTL loads until it reaches the break-bulk distribution facility.
Parcel carrier operations
A parcel carrier traditionally only handles pieces weighing less than approximately 150 pounds (68 kg). Parcel carriers typically still compete with LTL carriers by convincing shippers to break larger shipments down to smaller packages. Parcel carriers typically refer to multipiece shipments as "Hundredweight" shipments as the rating is based on 100 pounds (45 kg). The Hundredweight rate is multiplied by the shipment's weight and then divided by 100 and then rounded up to the nearest hundred.
LTL carrier operation
LTL carriers prefer to handle shipments with the least amount of handling units possible. LTL carriers prefer a shipment of 1
A pallet , sometimes called a skid, is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by a forklift, pallet jack, front loader or other jacking device. A pallet is the structural foundation of a unit load which allows handling and storage efficiencies...
containing 100 boxes
shrink wrap
Shrink wrap
Shrink wrap, also shrinkwrap or shrink film, is a material made up of polymer plastic film. When heat is applied it shrinks tightly over whatever it is covering. Heat can be applied with a hand held heat gun or the product and film can pass through a heat tunnel on a conveyor.-Composition:The...
ped to form one piece rather than 100 individual pieces. This reduces handling costs and the risk of damage during transit. Typically, the per pound rates of LTL carriers are less than the per pound rates of parcel carriers. Some examples of LTL Services Carrier are:
LTL Freight Center
Freight Whiz
WRDS Transportation
R+L Carriers
R+L Carriers
R+L Carriers is a freight shipping company, based in the United States. Over the course of 40 years, R+L Carriers, Inc. has grown from one truck to a fleet of 21,000 tractors and trailers. R+L Carriers serves a total of 50 states plus Canada, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Dominican...
Both LTL carriers and XL parcel carriers are similar in the fact that they both use a network of hubs and terminals to deliver freight. Delivery times by both types of service providers are not directly dependent upon the distance between shipper and consignee. Also, using an LTL carrier is very similar to that of using a parcel carrier. The shipper often has a regular, if not daily, pickup schedule and can log onto the carriers homepage to schedule pickups, track shipments, print paperwork, and manage billing information.
Zone skipping
"Zone skipping" is the use of LTL carriers to transport parcels to a parcel carrier's hub near the load's final destination instead of relying on the parcel carrier for end-to-end delivery. The term "zone skipping" refers to the LTL carrier bypassing the parcel carrier's traditional "zones", which allows the shipper to avoid charges incurred by the parcels crossing multiple zones en route from the shipper to the final destination. For example, if a shipper in North Carolina has 500 parcels bound for California, 250 bound for New York, and 250 bound for Indiana, the shipper will segregate the parcels by their destination, combine the segregated parcels into loads, and use LTL carriers to transport the loads to the parcel carrier's hubs in that state or region; the parcel carrier will then unpack the load that was delivered and transport the individual parcels to their final destinations. This method can allow for substantial savings, particularly if the parcels would have to cross multiple parcel carrier zones if transported by the parcel carrier from end-to-end, and also reduces the possibility of loss on the parcel carrier's part (since all parcels for a destination will arrive at the hub at the same time).
Many shippers prefer to not use such methods as they prefer to only contract with one service provider, because using a LTL carrier and a parcel carrier adds another point of failure for the shipper's operations (that is, something can go wrong during the grouping of all parcels into one load at the LTL carrier entry point).
Preparing shipments for LTL carriers
Freight sent via LTL carriers must be handled several times during transit, often by different carriers. It must be packaged to protect it from scuffing, vibration, crushing, dropping, humidity, condensation. Thus it is normally good practice to load freight onto
A pallet , sometimes called a skid, is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by a forklift, pallet jack, front loader or other jacking device. A pallet is the structural foundation of a unit load which allows handling and storage efficiencies...
s or package freight into
A crate is a large shipping container, often made of wood, typically used to transport large, heavy or awkward items. A crate has a self-supporting structure, with or without sheathing. For a wooden container to be a crate, all six of its sides must be put in place to result in the rated strength...
s. Sturdy
shipping container
Shipping container
A shipping container is a container with strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitous corrugated boxes...
s such as corrugated fiberboard boxes are normally acceptable as well. Carriers have published tariffs that provide some guidance for packaging. Packaging engineers design and test packaging to meet the specific needs of the
Logistics is the management of the flow of goods between the point of origin and the point of destination in order to meet the requirements of customers or corporations. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory, warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and...
system and the product being shipped.
Proper packaging freight serves several purposes:
It helps protect the freight from handling and transit damage.
It helps protect other freight from being damaged by your freight.
It helps reduce
package pilferage
Package pilferage
Pilferage is the theft of part of the contents of a package. It may also include theft of the contents but leaving the package, perhaps resealed with bogus contents. Small packages can be pilfered from a larger package such as a shipping container...
It helps to avoid loss situations; situations in which some of your freight is separated from the rest and lost in transit.
Since freight sent via LTL carriers is subject to misrouting or misloading it is a good practice to put the Tracking number on each side of each piece of freight. If the Destination State and Zipcode are affixed to each side as well misloading is less likely to occur. Even though it is not required it is good practice to affix a relatively large label including four letter Carrier Code, Tracking Number, Destination Station, and Destination Zipcode of the shipment (i.e. ABFS123456789 GA 30301). The easier it is for dockworkers to identify an individual shipment the less likely it is to be put in the wrong place. The value or type of contents should not be advertised on the package to help reduce losses. If the only piece of identification is the tracking number the dockworker will have a harder time identifying the shipments pieces and as such the chances of freight being loaded onto the wrong trailer is greater thereby increasing the transit time and also increasing the chances of the shipment being lost. Proper
A label is a piece of paper, polymer, cloth, metal, or other material affixed to a container or article, on which is printed a legend, information concerning the product, addresses, etc. A label may also be printed directly on the container or article....
s, bar codes, and RFID are important for proper routing and delivery.
Intermodal transportation of LTL shipping
Not all LTL shipments travel by truck only. LTL carriers rely on
Rail transport
Rail transport is a means of conveyance of passengers and goods by way of wheeled vehicles running on rail tracks. In contrast to road transport, where vehicles merely run on a prepared surface, rail vehicles are also directionally guided by the tracks they run on...
Aviation is the design, development, production, operation, and use of aircraft, especially heavier-than-air aircraft. Aviation is derived from avis, the Latin word for bird.-History:...
to forward some freight toward its destination. LTL carriers are normally able to deal with railroads more effectively than small shippers are able to as LTL carriers typically send a large volume of freight each and every day. LTL carriers are able to monitor railroad performance to ensure delivery of freight within the specified delivery window. An
Intermodal freight transport
Intermodal freight transport
Intermodal freight transport involves the transportation of freight in an intermodal container or vehicle, using multiple modes of transportation , without any handling of the freight itself when changing modes. The method reduces cargo handling, and so improves security, reduces damages and...
shipment employs several methods of transporting goods from start to finish. For instance one shipment will start out on the railroad, then be transferred to an ocean carrier, and end up on a truck before delivery.
Intermodal shipping is considered advantageous by some shippers because there is no handling of the freight when it changes from one carrier to the next.
A pallet , sometimes called a skid, is a flat transport structure that supports goods in a stable fashion while being lifted by a forklift, pallet jack, front loader or other jacking device. A pallet is the structural foundation of a unit load which allows handling and storage efficiencies...
s are used to consolidate many things into one easy-to-move container. Because handling is reduced it also reduces damage and loss, increases security, and allows the items to be transported more quickly.


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Our goal was simple: Bring the relationship between vehicle and driver to a higher level. The result is the 2015 Acura RLX. It represents a great deal more than unrivalled achievements in engineering, craftsmanship, technology and interior comfort. This is a flagship, not simply for Acura, but for the future of automotive luxury.
150-hp, 2.0-litre, i-VTEC® 4-cyl. engine
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273-hp, 3.5-litre, 24-valve, SOHC i-VTEC® V6 engine
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Rihanna is so supportive of Chris! The pop star tweeted a message to Breezy after his day in court, saying, 'when it seems like the world is against you, remember God is behind' you.
Rihanna is infamous for sending messages to Chris Brown on Twitter. This time, however, it's not about sharing topless pics. The "Diamonds" singer posted some words of encouragement for Chris, following his day in court on Feb. 6.
Rihanna tweeted on Feb. 6, '@TheGodLight: When it seems like the world is against you, remember that God is behind your every positive loving thought.'#nevaforget."
That's so sweet. Rihanna really loves Chris. He's so lucky to have her.
Karrueche Tran Disses Chris Brown
Rihanna isn't the only one sending Chris a message. His ex, Karrueche Tran, appeared to the same. However, her message was in the form of a diss.
At 1:00pm PST, the same time Chris, 23, was getting kisses blown at him by Rihanna, 24, while in court, Karrueche, 24, took to her Twitter to say, "When you ain't s**t, it shows." Could the fashion designer have been upset it was RiRi who was publicly supporting her man, and not her?
Rihanna Attends Court With Chris Brown
After spending the night together on Feb. 5, Chris and Rihanna left his house and headed to court together. They walked into the courtroom together, where Rihanna blew Chris a kiss. They walked out together, as well, arm-in-arm — probably enraging Karrueche further!
Chris is expected back in court on April 5.
What do YOU think, HollywoodLifers? Is Rihanna's positive message for Chris?
WATCH: Chris Brown Shows Up To Court with Rihanna
— Chris Rogers
More Rihanna & Chris Brown News:
- Rihanna Blew Chris Brown A Kiss In Court — Supporting Her Man
- Rihanna Will Support Chris Brown Throughout His Legal Troubles
- Chris Brown's Probation Hearing — Must Meet With Officer In 48 Hours
View Comment
Posted at 10:08 PM on February 7, 2013
sandra duncan
Posted at 11:47 AM on February 8, 2013
Why do keep trying to multiply your ugliness? You are just plain UGLY and yes you look like a man that had a sex change. There is no such word as uglie. You UNEDUCATED, ILLITERATE, HATER. If you are going to HATE at least learn how to spell first. I see what your lame a** try to do, wait until you think nobody is checking and then respond to their post. Your #BASICNESS is coming through the computer. Once again STOP WASTING TAX PAYERS DOLLARS and go get a proper EDUCATION, I refuse to SUPPORT your a** anymore. LMAO
Posted at 10:02 PM on February 7, 2013
whatever carry on living in your cuckoo-land,as like i said before that the beauty of using the internet cus you can pretend to be anybody that you wanna be on here like i said sweety you be careful now how you spend this months welfare cheque/pension
gooddnight delusional bytchhhhhhhhhhh
Posted at 8:15 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 7:14 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 7:22 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 5:36 PM on February 7, 2013
As already been said, RiRi is a ride or die chick for her man. And as a fan of hers and because I been in love once or maybe twice, I am supporting her. And as I heard the story, CB was disrespecting her and provoked her to action she took. She was trying to take his cell phone because he had all his little women calling him. If that was how that went, they both was wrong. CB has sung about his actions in one of his songs with Big Joe,if I am not mistaken, he's singing about how he wanted Rhianna and others and now he only wants her, since they had broken up. I think the name of the song is,"Another round": it is as simple as this, For Every Action There Is A Reaction. So he if didn't have his other women friends calling him, Rihanna probably would not have taken whatever action she took. Stuff happens…..they were just a couple kids still growing up. Now it is time to let that stuff what happen in their past and move on. People should embrace power of love and forgiveness. Love is the strongest power in the entire Universe. Even the scientists can't figure this one out. Only the ones who live on this land and have experienced this kind of LOVE will be able to understand Rihanna and Chris Brown love thaaaaaannnnggg. It is true, it brings you joy and pain. They got that love Jones, love and basketball, The notebook, all three are real good heart wrenching love stories, trust….that is just to name a few. The Vow, a true love story is latest greatest on my collection. I kick back and keep watching this love story unfold, so far, so good. A true fan of RiRi and CB.
Posted at 6:29 PM on February 7, 2013
Come on Queensladylove, really. He beat her Azz. Not once, but many times, per her own statement,(rolling stone). They had 8 or 9 instances of Domestic Abuse. I'm not the biggest fan of this woman, but I don't understand how you can be a fan of Rihanna's and still want her to be with someone that left her standing in the street, beat up and bruised like a street whore. No woman deserves that kind of treatment. Just because Chris has a sweet face, don't be fooled. He's not wrapped too tight. *Praying for her and her future.*
Posted at 4:36 PM on February 7, 2013
This is nothing but pure racism. Why it is when white celebrities commit crimes they are celebrated and when black celebrities commit crimes the book, jail and everything else is thrown at them. The DA always wants to send them to prison. Examples: (Marion Jones sent to prison, Lance Armstrong celebrated), Wesley Snipes sent to prison, Willie Nelson celebrated. With all of the crime and unsolved murders in LA, you would think the DA would spend their time wisely chasing real criminals and not Chris Brown. The Chief of police in Richmond, Virginia is black and the chief of police in Los Angeles is white………. very interesting. Is the LA Police Department trying to say the police department in Richmond is incompetent? Something to think about!!!
Posted at 4:18 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 3:57 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 2:55 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 2:53 PM on February 7, 2013
Of course rihanna will be there for court for him…she's the reason why he gets all the bashing from the media…if she would've kept her long skinny skeleton man hands to herself chris wouldn't have to smack the sense out of her…lol. Now she needs to help him regain his good publicity back…I love chris but he needs to watch out rihanna can help bring him up but she can also bring him right back down again.
Posted at 3:59 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 2:48 PM on February 7, 2013
sandra duncan
Posted at 11:47 AM on February 7, 2013
RIHANNA f*** the HATERS do what makes you HAPPY. Support CB he needs all the support that he can get right now. He is one lucky man to have a ride or die chick like you. What you are doing shows extreme STRENGTH and GROWTH, most people would have just taken the easy way out and live for SOCIETY and not themselves. LOVE YOU RIHANNA and I will always be a FAN.
Posted at 1:00 PM on February 7, 2013
sandra duncan
Posted at 6:05 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 6:54 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 6:59 PM on February 7, 2013
sandra duncan
Posted at 9:05 PM on February 7, 2013
B**** if I was retired TRUST ME I wouldn't spend my time wasting on a LOWLIFE, UNEDUCATED, HOODRAT like you. I am just bored while working so I figured I would check your man looking a** almost every chance I get. On that note take my advice and STOP wasting TAX PAYERS DOLLARS and go back to school so you can communicate more effectively #BASIC B****. QUEEN RIHANNA FOR LIFE!!
sandra duncan
Posted at 9:06 PM on February 7, 2013
sandra duncan
Posted at 11:49 AM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 11:16 AM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 10:30 AM on February 7, 2013
gold dagger
Posted at 10:07 AM on February 7, 2013
maybe this is a message for him. maybe not. you know they talk offline. she might just want to make her followers and doubters feel like her with that in regards to support chris brown. she's got to do it to feel better. she still feels guilty for his bad image after that incident and tryna work it out. it's a try to manipulate people to like him using church to make her look an "angel". still she's confused. next she gonna post some selfies and promote smoking weed again to feed her badgal image to sell her music. pff. who gives a f*ck about her tweets. she tweeting alotta crap. she could be social and share something about her rehearsals to heat her fans or post funny sh*t she does in a day. but this is all gone and out. she is lost.
Posted at 9:38 AM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 9:36 AM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 4:04 PM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 9:34 AM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 9:33 AM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 9:30 AM on February 7, 2013
Posted at 9:29 AM on February 7, 2013


text:
The new Panasonic Lumix FH27 will include a touch screen, and both the FH27 and FH25 will offer an 8x optical zoom lens and 720p HD video recording capability.
Like other Lumix cameras launched for CES 2011, the FH27 and FH25 will offer easy image uploading without additional software. The two new models share the same 16.1 megapixel sensor and an 8x optical zoom lens starting at a wide 28mm angle.
Panasonic Lumix DMC-FH27
The FH27 steps into line with several other current Lumix models by offering a 3.0-inch touch LCD. The 230k-dot touch screen will allow users to take advantage of features like the touch shutter and touch zoom control.
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Panasonic Lumix DMC-FH25
The FH25 will not offer a touch screen, though it will share the FH27's slim build and iA Intelligent Auto mode. Both models are equipped with 28 individual scene modes and 70 MB of built-in memory.
Pricing and availability
The Panasonic Lumix DMC-FH27 will be available in black, red and silver. The FH25 will be offered in silver, black, red, blue and violet. No pricing information has been released at this time. Per usual, Panasonic will announce prices 30 days before the cameras are slated to ship to consumers.
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text:
According to an April 18 police report, Sarah had consensual sex with Kersaint but claimed to have been sexually assaulted by his roommates. She left the apartment, went to a rape crisis center, and then hooked up with Kersaint again the next day. They had sex a couple more times; once, according to Kersaint, the condom broke.
Miami Beach Police became involved after officials at the rape crisis center called about the possible sexual battery. As cops were investigating the case, Kersaint called Sarah's cell phone and left a voicemail message saying she needed to speak with a doctor about "something very important." Sarah, naturally, was alarmed and told police about the message.
When Miami Beach Sgt. Jed Burger contacted Kersaint, the promoter said he had HIV — but had not informed Sarah before sex. "He told us he knew it was a crime, that his doctor told him that," Burger would later say in a deposition. "He was very worried. He was — he was really concerned, and I didn't know who he was concerned for, himself or for her.
"But the guy seemed distraught. He was, he was physically, I could see him in distress. He was extremely concerned that we would not tell anybody about his status, that it would ruin him in the industry."
Police eventually dropped the sexual battery investigation and charged Kersaint in April 2007 with criminal transmission of HIV. The day after his court arraignment, he called Sarah.
"He said he went to court and that he was going to go kill himself," Sarah said in a January 2008 deposition. "And he wrote me back like two days later, oh, I didn't kill myself. I love you, I love you, I love you."
Asked Kersaint's lawyer, Lucrecia Diaz Hudson: "Did you have feelings for Mr. Kersaint?"
Replied the woman: "No."
The third and most recent case, involving Miguel Barrie, happened in St. Lucie County. According to police, Barrie met a woman on a yacht last year and then traveled to her St. Lucie condo, where they had sex over the course of a month or two. According to the Stuart News, Barrie "joked" about being HIV positive after their first encounter, but then said he was "only joking" about the, uh, joking.
Florida is one of several states that consider criminal transmission of HIV a felony. Some states consider the crime a misdemeanor, while others take into account the HIV-positive person's condom use. Florida has one of the harshest penalties for criminal transmission of HIV but rarely employs the law. According to a January 2007 article on Nerve.com, the law was enforced nationally only 316 times between 1986 and 2001 — with some offenders being sentenced to lifelong jail terms, harsher than if they had committed murder.
Ross's attorney, Coyle, says the law is applied selectively. For instance, if you are an HIV-positive drug user, there's no law that requires you to disclose that fact before you share a dirty needle. And breastfeeding mothers aren't charged for transmitting the disease to their babies.
A court — or maybe the state legislature — will have to decide the validity of Coyle's claim.
In any case, casual-sex seekers would do well to heed the advice of Charles Martin, director of the South Beach AIDS Project: "If you're not in a monogamous relationship, treat your partner like they're HIV positive. And they should treat you like you're positive also."
Ah, romance.


text:
Chennai: After having crossed the legal hurdle, the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly diamond jubilee commemorative arch is now all set to come up at stone's throw from Fort St. George. Construction work on the rectangular structure, a replica of Fort St. George's façade, has gained pace and is expected to be completed in six months.
"Soon after the legal impediment was cleared, the state government instructed us to expedite the construction works. A private firm has been entrusted with the work on the arch that is coming up close to Napier Bridge and would be completed in a few months," sources told this paper on Monday.
The shape of the structure will be unique and different from the usual semicircle-type arches. "The arch will be rectangular with a height of 41 feet and 80 metres width. The `1.33 crore structure will be a mix of old and modern architecture, inspired by the frontage of Fort St. George," the official said.
The legend 'Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly diamond jubilee commemorative arch' would be inscribed in English and Tamil, in addition to the words '60 years'.
The chief minister laid the foundation stone for the arch on October 30 last year, to commemorate the diamond jubilee celebrations of the Assembly that was constituted in 1952.
An advocate filed a PIL in the high court opposing the move stating that the arch would choke Rajaji Salai that leads to the high court. A division bench dismissed the petition on January 9, 2013. Earlier, it was proposed to construct the arch close to the entrance of Fort St. George, but it is now relocated beyond the prohibitive zone following the objections of archaeologists.
Free stay on anvil for former MLAs
Soon, former members of the TN legislative Assembly can have a pleasant stay at pricey Chennai city without having to spend even a single paisa. For, the state government has decided to construct multi-storied quarters for the ex-MLAs at Omandurar government estate on Anna Salai. The housing and urban development department will soon start construction after the ongoing tussle with the PWD regarding allocation of land.
Sources in the Assembly secretariat told DC on Monday that the quarters would comprise 60 spacious rooms. "The multi-storied structure will comprise 60 dwelling units with fully-furnished facilities. The housing department will take up the construction work, for which the Assembly secretariat recently accorded administrative sanction," said a source.
However, housing officials alleged that there were problems in acquiring land. "We are facing obstacles in acquiring land from PWD which is not allocating the required 5 acres. They are willing to give only 15 grounds of land," said an official. Admitting that there was discord over land allocation, PWD officials said they would concede the required space. "We have now decided to give the required land in another place on the same premises," clarified a PWD source.
Earlier, the former legislators would stay at the six-storied old MLAs hostel on Omandurar estate, which had given way for the new secretariat during the previous DMK regime.
Sensing the inconvenience faced by the visiting ex-MLAs in finding accommodation, the government secretariat has now decided to construct new quarters.


text:
Tech Square Breakfast Fair Series: Tech Square Atrium
Friday, June 14 2013
8:00 am – 10:00 am
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Location: Tech Square Atrium
Come grab a cup of coffee and a bagel on MassBio, and learn about membership. Whether you are a veteran member or thinking about joining, this is an opportunity to meet the membership team and learn how you can become involved. We'll be in the lobby of a different Tech Square building once a month from 8-10am. The schedule is below. See you there!
July 26th – Building 400
August 23rd – Building 500
September 20th – Building 300
October 25th – Tech Square Atrium
November 22nd – Building 400
December 20th – Building 500


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Ernest Gellner
Ernest Gellner | |
Born | Paris, France |
9 December 1925
Died | 5 November 1995 Prague, Czech Republic |
(aged 69)
Era | 20th-century philosophy |
Region | Western Philosophy |
School | Critical rationalism |
Main interests
political philosophy, philosophy of science, anthropology, nationalism |
Part of a series on |
Political and legal anthropology |
Basic concepts
Case studies
Major theorists
Social and cultural anthropology |
Ernest André Gellner (9 December 1925 – 5 November 1995) was a British-Czech philosopher and social anthropologist, described by The Daily Telegraph when he died as one of the world's most vigorous intellectuals and by The Independent as a "one-man crusade for critical rationalism."[1]
His first book, Words and Things (1959) prompted a leader in The Times and a month-long correspondence on its letters page over his attack on linguistic philosophy. As the Professor of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method at the London School of Economics for 22 years, the William Wyse Professor of Social Anthropology at the University of Cambridge for eight, and finally as head of the new Centre for the Study of Nationalism in Prague, Gellner fought all his life—in his writing, his teaching, and through his political activism—against what he saw as closed systems of thought, particularly communism, psychoanalysis, relativism, and the dictatorship of the free market. Among other issues in social thought, the modernization of society and nationalism were two of his central themes, his multicultural perspective allowing him to work within the subject-matter of three separate civilizations—the Western, Islamic, and Russian.
Gellner was born in Paris[2] to Anna, née Fantl, and Rudolf, a lawyer, an urban intellectual German-speaking Jewish couple from Bohemia (which since 1918 was part of the newly established Czechoslovakia). Julius Gellner was his uncle. He was brought up in Prague, attending a Czech primary school before entering the English-language grammar school. This was Kafka's tricultural Prague: anti-Semitic but stunningly beautiful, a city he later spent years longing for.[3]
In 1939, when Gellner was 13 years old, the rise of Adolf Hitler in Germany persuaded his family to leave Czechoslovakia and move to St Albans, just north of London, where Gellner attended St Albans Grammar School. At the age of 17, he won a scholarship to Balliol College, Oxford as a result of what he called "Portuguese colonial policy," which involved "[keeping] the natives peaceful by getting able ones from below into Balliol."[3]
At Balliol, he studied Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE), specializing in philosophy. He interrupted his studies after one year to serve with the 1st Czechoslovak Armoured Brigade, which took part in the siege of Dunkirk, then returned to Prague to attend university there for half a term.
During this period, Prague lost its strong hold over him: foreseeing the communist takeover, he decided to return to England. One of his recollections of the city in 1945 was a communist poster saying: "Everyone with a clean shield into the Party", ostensibly meaning that those whose records were good during the occupation were welcome. In reality, Gellner said, it meant exactly the opposite:
If your shield is absolutely filthy we'll scrub it for you; you are safe with us; we like you the better because the filthier your record the more we have a hold on you. So all the bastards, all the distinctive authoritarian personalities, rapidly went into the Party, and it rapidly acquired this kind of character. So what was coming was totally clear to me, and it cured me of the emotional hold which Prague had previously had over me. I could foresee that a Stalinoid dictatorship was due: it came in '48. The precise date I couldn't foresee, but that it was due to come was absolutely obvious for various reasons.... I wanted no part of it and got out as quickly as I could and forgot about it.[3]
He returned to Balliol College in 1945 to finish his degree, winning the John Locke prize and taking first class honours in 1947. That same year, he began his academic career at the University of Edinburgh as an assistant to Professor John Macmurray in the Department of Moral Philosophy. He moved to the London School of Economics in 1949, joining the sociology department under Morris Ginsberg. Ginsberg admired philosophy, and believed that philosophy and sociology were very close to each other.
He employed me because I was a philosopher. Even though he was technically a professor of sociology, he wouldn't employ his own students, so I benefited from this, and he assumed that anybody in philosophy would be an evolutionary Hobhousean like himself. It took him some time to discover that I wasn't.[4]
Leonard T. Hobhouse had preceded Ginsberg as Martin White Professor of Sociology at the LSE. Hobhouse's Mind in Evolution (1901) had proposed that society should be regarded as an organism, a product of evolution, with the individual as its basic unit, the subtext being that society would improve over time as it evolved, a teleological view Gellner firmly opposed.
Ginsberg ... was totally unoriginal and lacked any sharpness. He simply reproduced the kind of evolutionary rationalistic vision which had already been formulated by Hobhouse and which incidentally was a kind of extrapolation of his own personal life: starting in Poland and ending up as a fairly influential professor at LSE. He evolved, he had an idea of a great chain of being where the lowest form of life was the drunk, Polish, anti-Semitic peasant and the next stage was the Polish gentry, a bit better, or the Staedtl, better still. And then he came to England, first to University College under Dawes Hicks, who was quite rational (not all that rational—he still had some anti-Semitic prejudices, it seems) and finally ended up at LSE with Hobhouse, who was so rational that rationality came out of his ears. And so Ginsberg extrapolated this, and on his view the whole of humanity moved to ever greater rationality, from drunk Polish peasant to T.L. Hobhouse and a Hampstead garden.[4]
Gellner's critique of linguistic philosophy in Words and Things (1959) focused on J.L. Austin and the later work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, criticizing them for failing to question their own methods. The book brought Gellner critical acclaim. He obtained his Ph. D. in 1961 with a thesis on Organization and the Role of a Berber Zawiya and became Professor of Philosophy, Logic and Scientific Method just one year later. Thought and Change was published in 1965, and in State and Society in Soviet Thought (1988), he examined whether Marxist regimes could be liberalized.
He was elected to the British Academy in 1974. He moved to Cambridge in 1984 to head the Department of Anthropology, holding the William Wyse chair and becoming a fellow of King's College, which provided him with a relaxed atmosphere where he enjoyed drinking beer and playing chess with the students. Described by the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography as "brilliant, forceful, irreverent, mischievous, sometimes perverse, with a biting wit and love of irony," he was famously popular with his students, willing to spend many extra hours a day tutoring them, and was regarded as a superb public speaker and gifted teacher.[2]
His Plough, Sword and Book (1988) investigated the philosophy of history, and Conditions of Liberty (1994) sought to explain the collapse of socialism. In 1993, he returned to Prague, now free of communism, and to the new Central European University, where he became head of the Center for the Study of Nationalism, a program funded by George Soros, the American billionaire philanthropist, to study the rise of nationalism in the post-communist countries of eastern and central Europe.[5] On November 5, 1995, after returning from a conference in Budapest, he suffered a heart attack and died at his flat in Prague, one month short of his 70th birthday.
Gellner was noted for his questionable sense of humour. His daughter, Sarah Gellner, revealed that one of her father's favourite jokes was, "Rape, rape, rape, all summer long", and that, "If there was one thing Dad disliked more than feminists, it was homosexual men."[6]
Words and Things[edit]
With the publication in 1959 of Words and Things, his first book, Gellner achieved fame and even notoriety among his fellow philosophers, as well as outside the discipline, for his fierce attack on ordinary language philosophy (or "linguistic philosophy", Gellner's preferred phrase). Ordinary language philosophy, in one form or another, was the dominant approach at Oxbridge at the time (although the philosophers themselves denied they were part of any unified school). He first encountered the strong ideological hold of linguistic philosophy while at Balliol:
[A]t that time the orthodoxy best described as linguistic philosophy, inspired by Wittgenstein, was crystallizing and seemed to me totally and utterly misguided. Wittgenstein's basic idea was that there is no general solution to issues other than the custom of the community. Communities are ultimate. He didn't put it this way, but that was what it amounted to. And this doesn't make sense in a world in which communities are not stable and are not clearly isolated from each other. Nevertheless, Wittgenstein managed to sell this idea, and it was enthusiastically adopted as an unquestionable revelation. It is very hard nowadays for people to understand what the atmosphere was like then. This was the Revelation. It wasn't doubted. But it was quite obvious to me it was wrong. It was obvious to me the moment I came across it, although initially, if your entire environment, and all the bright people in it, hold something to be true, you assume you must be wrong, not understanding it properly, and they must be right. And so I explored it further and finally came to the conclusion that I did understand it right, and it was rubbish, which indeed it is.[4]
Words and Things is fiercely critical of the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein, J. L. Austin, Gilbert Ryle, Antony Flew, Peter Strawson and many others. Ryle refused to have the book reviewed in the philosophical journal Mind (which he edited), and Bertrand Russell (who had written an approving foreword) protested in a letter to The Times. A response from Ryle and a lengthy correspondence ensued.[7]
The move to anthropology[edit]
It was in the 50s that Gellner discovered his great love of social anthropology. Chris Hann, Director, Max Planck Institute for Social Anthropology writes that, following the hard-nosed empiricism of Bronisław Malinowski, Gellner made major contributions to the subject over the next 40 years, ranging from "conceptual critiques in the analysis of kinship to frameworks for understanding political order outside the state in tribal Morocco (Saints of the Atlas, 1969); from sympathetic exposition of the works of Soviet Marxist anthropologists to elegant syntheses of the Durkheimian and Weberian traditions in western social theory; and from grand elaboration of 'the structure of human history' to path-breaking analyses of ethnicity and nationalism (Thought and Change, 1964; Nations and Nationalism, 1983)".[2]
In 1983, Gellner published Nations and Nationalism. For Gellner, "nationalism is primarily a political principle that holds that the political and the national unit should be congruent".[8] Nationalism only appeared and, Gellner argues, became a sociological necessity in the modern world. In previous times ("the agro-literate" stage of history) rulers had little incentive to impose cultural homogeneity on the ruled. But in modern society, work becomes technical. One must operate a machine, and as such one must learn. There is a need for impersonal, context-free communication and a high degree of cultural standardisation.
Furthermore, industrial society is underlined by the fact that there is perpetual growth - employment types vary and new skills must be learned. Thus, generic employment training precedes specialised job training. On a territorial level, there is competition for the overlapping catchment areas (e.g. Alsace-Lorraine). To maintain its grip on resources, and its survival and progress, the state and culture must for these reasons be congruent. Nationalism therefore is a necessity.
Criticisms of Gellner's theory:
- It is too functionalist. Critics charge that Gellner explains the phenomenon with reference to the eventual historical outcome—industrial society could not 'function' without nationalism. (Tambini 1996)
- It misreads the relationship between nationalism and industrialization. (Smith 1998)
- It accounts poorly for national movements of ancient Rome, Greece, etc. claiming an alum type argument; insisting that nationalism is tied in 'modernity' and cannot exist without a clearly defined modern industrialization. (Smith 1995)
- It fails to account for nationalism in non-industrial society and resurgences of nationalism in post-industrial societies. (Smith 1998)
- It fails to account for nationalism in sixteenth century Europe.(Gorski 2000)
- It cannot explain the passions generated by nationalism. Why should anyone fight and die for his country? (Connor 1993)
- It fails to take into account the role of war and the military in fostering both cultural homogenization and nationalism, ignoring in particular the relationship between militarism and compulsory education. (Conversi 2007)
Selected works[edit]
- Words and Things, A Critical Account of Linguistic Philosophy and a Study in Ideology, London: Gollancz; Boston: Beacon (1959). Also see correspondence in The Times, 10 November to 23 November 1959.
- Thought and Change (1964)
- Saints of the Atlas (1969)
- Contemporary Thought and Politics (1974)
- The Devil in Modern Philosophy (1974)
- Legitimation of Belief (1974)
- Spectacles and Predicaments (1979)
- Soviet and Western Anthropology (1980) (editor)
- Muslim Society (1981)
- Nations and Nationalism (1983)
- Relativism and the Social Sciences (1985)
- The Psychoanalytic Movement (1985)
- The Concept of Kinship and Other Essays (1986)
- Culture, Identity and Politics (1987)
- State and Society in Soviet Thought (1988)
- Plough, Sword and Book (1988)
- Postmodernism, Reason and Religion (1992)
- Reason and Culture (1992)
- Conditions of Liberty (1994)
- Anthropology and Politics: Revolutions in the Sacred Grove (1995)
- Liberalism in Modern Times: Essays in Honour of José G. Merquior (1996)
- Nationalism (1997)
- Language and Solitude: Wittgenstein, Malinowski and the Habsburg Dilemma (1998)
- ^ Stirling, Paul. Ernest Gellner Obituary, The Daily Telegraph, 9 November 1995; O'Leary, Brendan. "Ernest Gellner Remembered", The Independent, 8 November 1995.
- ^ a b c Chris Hann, Obituary, The Independent, 8 November 1995
- ^ a b c d An Interview with Gellner
- ^ a b c Interview with Gellner, section 2
- ^ Nationalism Studies Program at the CEU
- ^ "Letters: Memories of Ernest Gellner". London Review of Books 33 (16). 25 August 2011.
- ^ T. P. Uschanov, The Strange Death of Ordinary Language Philosophy. The controversy has been described by the writer Ved Mehta in Fly and the Fly Bottle (1963).
- ^ Gellner, Nationalism, 1983, p. 1
- Obituary A Philosopher on Nationalism Ernest Gellner Died at 69 written by Eric Pace The New York Times 10 November 1995
- Hall, John A. 2010. Ernest Gellner: An Intellectual Biography. London: Verso.
- Connor, Walker Ethnonationalism:The Quest for Understanding, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
- Conversi, Daniele 2007 "Homogenisation, nationalism and war: Should we still read Ernest Gellner?", Nations and Nationalism, Vol. 13, no 3, 2007, pp. 1–24
- Davies, John. Obituary in The Guardian, November 7, 1995
- Gorski, Philip S., "The Mosaic Moment: An Early Modernist Critique of the Modernist Theory of Nationalism", American Journal of Sociology 105:5 (2000), pp. 1428–68.[1]
- Lukes, Steven. "Gellner, Ernest André (1925-1995)", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004, retrieved September 23, 2005 (requires subscription)
- Malesevic, Sinisa and Mark Haugaard (eds). Ernest Gellner and Contemporary Social Thought. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
- O'Leary, Brendan. Obituary in The Independent, November 8, 1995
- Smith, Anthony D, Nations and Nationalism In a Global Era. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1995. ISBN 978-0-7456-1019-1
- Smith, Anthony D, Nationalism and Modernism: A Critical Survey of Recent Theories of Nations and Nationalism. London: Routledge, 1998. ISBN 978-0-415-06341-8
- Stirling, Paul. Obituary in the [[Daily Telegraph]], November 9, 1995
- Tambini, Damian 1996 "Explaining monoculturalism: Beyond Gellner's theory of nationalism", Critical Review, vol. 10, no 2, pp. 251–70
- "The Social and Political Relevance of Gellner's Thought Today" papers and webcast of conference organised by the Department of Political Science and Sociology in the National University of Ireland, Galway, held on 21–22 May 2005 (10th anniversary of Gellner's death).
- Kyrchanoff, Maksym. Natsionalizm: politika, mezhdunarodnye otnosheniia, regionalizatsiia (Voronezh, 2007) [2] Detailed review of Gellner's works for students. In Russian language.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ernest Gellner. |
Wikiquote has quotations related to: Ernest Gellner |
- Gellner resource page (at the London School of Economics)
- Ethics and Logic, Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society LV (1954–1955), 157-178.
- Catalogue of the Gellner papers at the Archives Division of the London School of Economics.
- Gellner video materials, at Dspace at Cambridge repository (MP4 files).
- Special Issue of the journal Social Evolution & History "The Intellectual Legacy of Ernest Gellner" (guest editor Peter Skalnik)
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Series -1-1
Pakistan's tour of India, 2012 and the two t-20's a recap!
When ever both the teams play, the excitement is always on and most of the time it would be a close finish game with more tense moments and being a t-20 game everything felt in place. The first t-20 Pakistan won the match by 5 wickets and with just 2 balls remaining with Shoaib Malik anchoring the Pakistan Innings.
1st T20I Played at :
M Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bangalore. Pakistan won the toss and chose to field Indian Openers Gambhir and Rahane started so well and added 77 in 10.5 overs, Rahane made a quick fire 42 of 31 with strike rate of 135 and Gambhir was a bit patient, scoring 43 of 41 balls with strike rate of 104. India did get a good start but they did not capitalize on that, India started to lose wickets in regular intervals and were struggling to get runs. Big Guns, Yuvi, msd, Raina and Virat failed to get runs and India managed to score only 133 for the loss of 9 wickets in their allotted quota of 20 overs. Gul was the stand out performer for his 3 for 21 in 3 overs.
When Pakistan came into bat, needing 134 to win, this was not a big target to chase in forms of t-20 cricket, but India did manage to build pressure in form of Bhuvneshwar Kumar and Pakistan lost 3 quick wickets for just 12 runs. Kumar was so accurate and brilliant in swinging the ball both ways. Pakistan were really struggling and that was the time when the Pakistan captain Hafeez and Malik put on a match winning partnership of 106, both the batsmen scored 50 plus runs. A little argument between Kamran and Ishant was unforgettable during this match and this even saw both the players fined by ICC match referee. Pakistan were under pressure when they lost two quick wickets of Hafeez and Kamran resp, Shoaib malik took the game away from India. Needing 10 runs to win of the final over from Ravindra Jadeja, Malik hit him a six signalling the win for the visitors. Hafeez was the man of the match, for his match winning 61 of 44 balls, while Malik remained unbeaten on 57.Bhuvneshwar Kumar was brilliant for his 3 wickets for just 9 runs in 4 overs, and this match being his Debut.
2nd T-20 Played at :
Sardar Patel Stadium, Motera, Ahmedabad. Pakistan won the toss and made India to bat, again Gambhir and Rahane provided a good start for India and both Gambhir and Rahane were so quick in getting runs, Gambhir hit three consecutive 4's before being Dismissed by Gul in the same over and Rahane too lost his wicket following Gambhir. India were 2/53, when Virat came along with Yuvi. Two new batsmen at the crease and they picked singles and 4's now and then, Virat got run out and that was a unnecessary lose of wicket when they were playing so well, a direct hit from Ajmal from short fine leg. MSD joins Yuvi and the brutal strikers of the ball were at the middle and they both added 97 in just 7.2 overs and Yuvi hitting 3 consecutive 6's of saeed Ajmal was a treat to watch, yuvi hit a total 7 6's and four 4's in his match winning 72 of just 36 balls and MSD giving him a good company made 33 and India put on a big score this time, 192 for the loss of 5 wickets in 20 overs.
Needing 193 to win this series, Pakistan Openers Jamshed and Shehzad added runs quickly and they both put on a opening partnership of 74, Ashwin got the breakthrough and soon followed the second wicket and it was Yuvi striking with the ball and both the openers were back to the pavilion. Hafeez was brilliant with the bat and he was so quick in getting the runs and Pakistan managed to score 10 runs in every over and Indian bowlers were under pressure until Hafeez Got out. Hafeez scored 55 of just 26 balls with a strike rate of 220 and once Hafeez got out, India were right on the track,Dinda picked up three in his second spell and made sure India was safe. India won the second t-20 with 11 runs and leveled the series 1-1. Yuvi was declared man of the match and Hafeez was the man of the tournament.
The ODI's will be more interesting and keep watching! Hope India wins that. Bleed Blue!


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Working to be the most livable city in the country means placing a high priority on providing excellent customer service. In all 12 municipal departments, our goal is to be responsive, transparent, and accountable. – Mayor David Bieter
Phone: (208) 384-4422 Email the Mayor Email the City Council 150 N Capitol Blvd Boise, ID 83702 Map
Parkcenter Park is a 13 acre special use park, located in east Boise. The area is frequently visited by waterfowl during the spring and summer months. Although Parkcenter is a smaller park it is a very popular place to play sand volleyball. Park was donated in 1979 by Morrison-Knudsen, Inc.
The City of Boise's Department of Parks & Recreation (BPR) uses South Boise Water Company water in several of the City's parks. Learn more about the relationship in this article.
This location provides opportunities to see birds and other wildlife.
The Idaho Birding Trail (IBT) is a network of sites and side-trips that provides the best viewing opportunities to see birds in Idaho. With 175 sites and about 2,000 miles of trail separated into four distinct regions the IBT represents a collection of bird watching hotspots, diverse habitats, and a glimpse of Idaho's rich natural heritage. In recognition of the educational and recreational opportunities it offers to the public, the House of Representatives passed a resolution in 2006 declaring the IBT as the official state birding trail of Idaho.
If you are interested in learning more about birding in Idaho and the Idaho Birding Trail, see http://fishandgame.idaho.gov/ifwis/ibt/
Wondering about where to fish in Boise ponds? The Idaho Department of Fish & Game stocks several ponds in city parks maintained by the Boise Parks & Recreation. For the stocking schedule, see Idaho Fish & Game Stocking Information.
Restrooms are now closed and park drinking fountains are turned off for the winter.
For a list of restrooms and portable restrooms that are available year around in parks and the reserves, click here.
Number of Volleyball courts: 1
Maps created for the city's Walk 150 project provide distances for walking paths in 17 parks throughout the city. Check out the mileage for Places to Walk in this park at: http://www.walk150.org/places-to-walk/
Smoking is prohibited in all public parks, including within 20 feet of the Boise Greenbelt, except in designated areas within Ann Morrison and Julia Davis parks and city-owned golf courses.
NOTE: E-cigarettes are not prohibited under the ordinances.
Unauthorized vehicles will be towed at owner's risk and expense. Boise Valley Towing at (208) 389-9707.


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We're taking our iconic independent print magazine into the digital future. In the right way. In the beautiful way. Read more
We're taking our iconic independent print magazine into the digital future. In the right way. In the beautiful way.
About this project
Update #2: End of Week Two: (Woah, oh) we're halfway there!
Update #3: The finish line is in sight.
Update #4: 48 hours to go: Great success! We've reached our goal.
"Dumbo Feather was already a most innovative and beautiful magazine in print: in digital, it promises to create further pings of neronal delight as we scroll around its well-formed nooks and crannies." — Alain de Botton (read our interview with Alain)
Who are we?
Dumbo Feather is an Australian interview magazine devoted to telling the stories of extraordinary people. We're into deep conversations with people making a meaningful difference to the world, beautiful photography, and funny, nerdy diversions into the world of physics or history or music. In each issue, we scour the globe for those who inspire us, those who excite us, and those who thrill us with possibility. Whether they've touched millions or just those around them, what unites them is their drive to make a difference. You can delve through the extraordinary stories we've already told on our website. You can also meet the team here.
Why are we on Kickstarter?
Well, we've been kicking around in print for eight years now, but we're modern ladies and gentlemen of the world, and we've been seduced by the beauty of digital storytelling. We're still committed to our print publication and will be for as long as they make paper, but recently we've been dreaming in binary; about stories that can be shared at the click of a button or the touch of a screen.
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We're making an app.
But that's just a delivery platform. We want to be part of a global conversation, and we have a plan that will take us there. We're thrilled by the deep possibilities of digital storytelling. We've always told stories with words and pictures, now we'll bring video, audio and interactivity into the conversation. Beautiful video content. Extended audio pieces.
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You see, that's the other reason we're asking you to consider pitching in. Our readers have been asking us to build something beautiful and digital for the past few years, but it's only now that we feel confident enough to really hit the ground running.
If we meet our goal, we will launch an iPad app featuring a super-enhanced digital edition of our latest magazine, to kickstart the string of amazing publications and downloads we have planned.
What about other platforms?We'll be focussing on the iPad in the first place, and that's what this project is for. If we exceed our goals, we'd love to look at rolling out quickly on other platforms.
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C/grades 6-8
April 9, 16, 23, 30
St. Charles Community College Student Center, 4601 Mid Rivers Mall Dr., Cottleville 63376
$60 per girl includes a four-week program totaling 10 hours of fun
Registration deadline: March 21; submit IAA or register online
In this amazing program you can let your imagination and creativity run wile as you discover how to use icing, flavorings, candy clay, gum paste, decorative candies and turn them into works of art. Each week you will be given a theme. On the final day, we will have our very own cupcake wars. Teams will create a business name and a logo. Disposable aprons will be provided. Girls will bring home a CD with recipes and baking tips. This class will run for four consecutive weeks.
Contact: Nancy Riemann, 314.592.2331, email@example.com


text:
Homelink Initiative
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Look East Policy
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There has been a lot of advocacy especially in the area of immigration that has seen a lot more people being treated fairly, however a lot more still needs to be done and your support is required to highlight the plight of our citizens facing all sorts of legal challenges while they seek to resettle in the diaspora.
Our educational research produces research and analysis to inform the public policy debate on issues affecting us in the diaspora and home country. We find ourselves misrepresented at various levels, and it is crucial that we redress our grieviences clearly and imminently, however it has to be done in a effective manner. This is where we realised the opportunity for us to speak up as a community with one voice and dissuade bipartisanship on matters that concern our national interest. ZDFG has learnt from the lessons of the past that accurate and respectful commentary of our experience is vital for correct prognosis and prescriptive discussions pertaining to issues that are crucial for our progression.
As we seek to propose new business development models, our research shows the Zimbabwe National Chamber of Commerce is leading in business development in the national economic interest and is a channel of communication between business and the various authorities in Zimbabwe therefore we are setting up a diaspora link to facilitate contact and access for members to both local and international markets and collaborate with other national organisations with similar objectives. We are dedicated to advancing economic progress through the creation of a good climate for business, developing and enhancing business entrepreneurship, identifying, promoting and servicing the interests and needs of our partners by representing authoritatively and independently the views of business to local and national authorities disseminating relevant information on issues of vital importance to members such as chambers of commerce and trade organisations throughout the world, hence we concluded that it would only make sense to engage with a wider audiance and establish organisational links while we do our own research and consultation through our business and community leads to better inform policy on business development models.
2012 saw some very progressive work being done by the facilitators of the Zimbabwe Diaspora Focus Group. The year culminated with a number of events that saw prescriptive discussions to the wores of our experiences both in the diaspora and in our home country. The debates discussed the pros and cons of business development models Zimbabwe could adopt to fast track growth and development in all sectors and some brilliant ideas have been hashed out for your consideration as we move into 2013 with much anticipation and expectation.
We all have an obligation to give back to society, however when our community links are broken it is hard to decipher the right channels to extend one's social reposiblities hence it has become pertinent for us to find innovative ways to rethread our social fabric to provide the security we once enjoyed, and ZDFG is at the forefront of this challenge.


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– Bergenhus festning, Courtyard
Winter of 1090
A spectre stalked the Norwegian coast. No one knew precisely where it had come from, or why it seemed to have settled here in the north. Men called it Koppepesten – The Smallpox Plague. In the year past it had struck without warning, and spread like wildfire. The grotesque disease left a wake of orphans, heirless fathers and desolate farmsteads.
Ida von Sachsen stood morosely in the glare of yet another pyre, silently cursing whatever it was – Spectre, Plague, Pox – it didn't matter, it had taken two of her children. Are had insisted on lighting the pyre himself. Seeing how powerless the old bull felt against something he couldn't scare away, or kill with a sound axe-blow, was perhaps the most frightening thing Ida had ever experienced. For her own part, she had done the only thing she knew how to: Prayed that her family be spared. First only to her own God, and later, when Årolilja first took sick, to the other ones as well. The prayers hadn't helped, and Skofte had followed soon after.
As she watched the fire consume what remained of her two children, she felt nothing but disdain for any kind of God.
Vestfold, Skiningssal
November, 1101
Gyda Yngling watched as yet another pyre lit up the night. There had been a lot of pyres these past ten years, but at last, the plague was slowly dying out. She had reserved a special kind of bitterness for this – seeing her entire family live to see the plague wither and die like its victims, only to have her father snatched from them now.
The Reign of Olav III hadn't been nearly as long as everyone had hoped. From her grandfather's long-awaited passing in 1083, he had expended most of his efforts on keeping the Jarls peaceful, the Danes off the warpath, and various ambitious Lendmenn at bay. Subjugating pagans had become a secondary concern amidst all the politicking.
"My Queen. Accept my condolences. Surely a high seat is reserved for your father in the Kingdom of Heaven."
Her brother Harald, the designated heir, had eloped with a Danish shrew, effectively removing himself from the line of succession. Her uncle Arne was widely regarded as incompetent, and that had left only Gyda and her sisters – of which Gyda was both the eldest and best suited to rule. Her father's death had been abrupt enough that the Jarls simply followed the old King's vote, naming her the principal heir.
Now, those Jarls were filing into Akershus Fortress, offering their condolences. A few days from now, she would be formally inaugurated as Queen Gyda I.
Her father had succeeded in keeping one of Ylving blood on the Throne, through her. Gyda, too, was determined to ascertain that her house still held the throne when she departed this world – and to that end, she knew she had already committed one potentially fatal mistake. Her husband, Glum, was a Dane as well, and through their patrilineal marriage, her children bore his name. Though, she thought, it's not children yet, strictly speaking.
Gyda would never understand how those lowborn women managed to give birth every second year until they had more children than they could count on both hands. She thought her husband was a foul, unseemly thing. Despite all their matrimonial efforts - they had tried several times! - Gyda and Glum had produced only a single child – little Sanna. Sanna was four, and her future was uncertain at best. The Jarls would never back someone they saw as a Dane, no matter her claim.
Adding to that, the realm had others of Ylving blood, who could challenge her claim. Gyda bit her lip. Worst of all, her aunt Brigida had been sent off to marry one of the Åsanemenn as soon as her sixteenth nameday arrived, and given him two children so far – both grandchildren of Harald Hardråde. She had to do something about them, her father always reminded her. "They will climb a mountain of corpses if it helps them get ahead", he once said. "Never give them an inch!" King or not, she had never been entirely convinced. If all they wanted was a Jarldom – wouldn't it be better to win them over to her side? With a debt of gratitude, they would support her candidate...
Inside the fire, she thought she saw something crumple and die. Frowning, she shook it off.
"Yes, Queen?"
"Light more bonfires in the field. We celebrate tonight - a night of ten years has ended!"
– Telemark
Are av Åsane, now aged 67, looked at his remaining sons. Tor was one of the largest men known in all of Norway, and unmatched in any contest of arms. Harald was smaller, fairer – and to Tor's dismay – much more intelligent. Tor was no brute, but Harald, again, was sharper than a tack.
Both his boys were grown, married, and had fathered children of their own. Admittedly, Tor had lost two subsequent wives to the plague, but even that seemed to have died down lately.
Are still held only the title of Lendmann, but he was more powerful than many Jarls.
He had done well, all things considered. That was the one coherent thought that would keep him afloat for the next couple of years. Today, he had called his sons to this makeshift study in their easternmost holding. He wanted to add more lands to their domain. The Queen had moved the royal seat from Akershus to Vestfold, leaving Akershus in the hands of an inexperienced Lendmann who had only a cursory force of fighting men at his disposal.
Telemark, the staging ground for the seizure of Akershus
"I'm too old to lead armies", Are admitted wearily. "Take one half of our hird each and convince whatever his name is that we should be the custodians of Akershus." The hird of Bergenhus now numbered some fifteen hundred men.
"Ogmund", Harald offered.
"What?" replied Are and Tor in unison.
"That's his name … Nevermind."
"There's also the matter of my succession," Are said grimly. His sons looked aghast. "Oh, please," he continued. "It's not a secret that I'm old."
He sighed. "I'm naming Harald my heir – he's better suited to administration."
Tor was about to protest, but an iron gaze from his father stilled him. "I know you're the eldest, Tor, but I've come to realize my limitations with age." he started, smiling wearily. " We're cut from the same cloth, you and I, Tor. We bark orders and kill men. Men like Harald are better suited to administrate what has grown into a significant amount of land."
Harald looked about as dumbstruck as Tor. "But father – I'm not –"
"I won't hear it."
"We can split the domain between us!"
"That's the one thing I won't do, and you both know why. I want to preserve unity."
"But this could break us apart just as easily!"
"And here I thought I had raised men, not a pair of crying girls! You – both of you – will honour your blood and house! When we are granted the Jarldom …"
"Father!" Tor shouted in exasperation. "Your Jarldom is a dream! Nothing more! The King will never name you Jarl! Or us!"
Are abruptly stood, bristling with barely contained fury. When he spoke, he was absolutely composed. "Out, both of you."
"Father –"
"Go! Claim Akershus before I don my armour and do it for you!"
They both scrambled out of the tenth.
Harald tried desperately to think of something to say. Tor beat him to it.
"So. You'll be the new Lendmann."
"Tor, I'm sorry, I swear I never asked for –"
Tor simply shook his head. "I know – I know. Let's just go and do this."
The huge man trotted down to his waiting ship. His men cheered him on as he arrived.
– Somewhere in Pagan Karelia
Spring of 1106
On their father's orders, Tor and Harald had launched a campaign eastwards into pagan lands – both to conquer more land, and to deny the Swedes that same land. The various Finnish tribes were mobile and well suited to skirmishing on the tundra, but they were outnumbered and lacked central organization. Norwegian victory had been all but inevitable.
Tor and Harald now sat in their war camp, relishing the prospect of returning home. The strange veil of silence that had slid between them after Harald was named heir, still persisted. Between the niceties and matter-of-fact events of the war, they had little to talk about.
The stupor of the warcamp lifted as a rider approached, a speck of dark against the incessant white. Arriving in the camp, he simply announced: "I have a message for the Åsane brothers."
Tor and Harald both stepped forward. "That would be us. What's the message?"
The courier coughed, and produced a sealed letter. "This is from your mother. Your father has died."