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A few years ago, if you wanted to create a quality infographic you had just two options. 1.) Pay a high-end designer to create one for you. 2.) Invest a few years learning how to design one yourself.
Fortunately, this isn't the case any longer. Experienced designers located in the Philippines or India are readily available on a contract basis for a mere $8 – $15 per hour on websites like Elance.com. If you don't want to hire out the work there are free programs like Infogr.am that let you create share-worthy infographics without design experience or the cost of hiring a professional.
Along with the ease of creating infographics came a whole new theme of websites dedicated to featuring this unique type of content. If you've begun to dabble in infographic creation for your website (or are thinking about it), consider publishing these graphics on the websites below. Doing so is an easy way to get more value out of each graphic you create by driving traffic from more websites and getting more links.
20 Places to Publish an Infographic
Visual.ly -
Page Rank: 7
Alexa Rank: 3,888
At the time of writing, Visual.ly is one of the top 5,000 websites on the internet according to Alexa.com. That means there's a whole lot of traffic potential to publishing an infographic here. This is by far the most popular graphic sharing website on the internet so if you're only going to publish one place this would be the spot to do it.
NerdGraph.com -
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: 169,504
NerdGraph.com is an infographic sharing site with growing popularity. You can submit graphics in a wide variety of categories. These categories include business, internet marketing, entertainment, environment, and personal development.
SubmitInfographics.com -
Page Rank: 4
Alexa Rank: 133,287
This URL pretty much says it all. You can submit an infographics here. This is one of the original submission websites that first started publishing other people's infographics way back in 2010.
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: 690,251
MediaCaffeine.com will publish any infographic on just about any topic according to the website. As long as the submission is "visually stimulating" you'll get featured.
DailyInfographic.com -
Page Rank: 6
Alexa Rank: 28,819
DailyInfographic.com posts a new graphic each day of the week. They've also got an audience. If you've got a high-quality graphic worth sharing submit here.
Page Rank: 5
Alexa Rank: 40,856
If you've got a budget, you can submit to InfographicsArchive.com. The minimum fee for consideration to this website is $49.95 USD.
InfoGraphicsOnly.com -
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: 171,294
This website has a form that makes the submission process very easy. Also, one of the cool elements of this website is they allow you to draft messages that could be submitted to their Twitter and Facebook following.
InfographicJournal.com -
Page Rank: 4
Alexa Rank: 64,854
Just another infographic submission site. This website charges $25 per submission to be considered.
InfographicJournal.com -
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: 274,042
This website allows you to submit just about any graphic for free. All you need to do is provide a 75 word description for content curation purposes.
InfographicsShowcase.com -
Page Rank: 5
Alexa Rank: 108,247
Want to be showcased on this PR 5 website? Reader be warned: You'll need to fork out $100 just to be considered.
InfographicsMaze.com -
Page Rank: 2
Alexa Rank: 391,586
This little website charges $50 to be considered. Considering the small audience and low SEO value of this blog, you're money is better spent elsewhere.
CoolDailyInfographics.com -
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: 232,534
The submission process if very fast on this website. They even allow you to submit a unique description for the future post.
NewsiLike.in -
Page Rank: 4
Alexa Rank: 104,757
I like this little infographic website. The contribution process is very easy and they allow you to provide a unique description of the graphic (300 words minimum). Almost like writing a guest post for a website.
LoveInfographics.com -
Page Rank: 4
Alexa Rank: 77,189
This website allows you to register for a free account. After you've confirmed your registration you can begin submitting. Can't get much simpler than that.
Page Rank: 4
Alexa Rank: ??? Hosted on Blogspot.
The submission process is awesome here. There are only four fields to complete and it takes under 30 seconds of your time. Additionally, there is a very cool embed code generator tool available to visitors.
iheartinfographics.tumblr.com/ -
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: ??? Hosted on Tumblr.
This a tumblr site that does nothing but publish a steady stream of infographics.
infographic.co.za/ -
Page Rank: 2
Alexa Rank: 494,331
This website costs $10 to submit a graphic to. The cost of entry is low to get featured on this website, but you shouldn't expect to get much benefit out of being featured here either.
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: 247,463
These guys publish content on an wide range of topics: Candy, Hunger Relief, The Secret to Happiness, Essential Elements of an E-commerce store. Bottom line: If you've got $20 to spend, they'll publish your post.
Topinfographic.com/ -
Page Rank: 2
Alexa Rank: 1,460,955
Judging from the Alexa.com traffic estimates, you probably won't be getting many referrals from this hidden gem. With that being said, the website does not charge you for consideration on your website and the submission process is a breeze.
OnlyInfographic.com -
Page Rank: 3
Alexa Rank: 459,490
No marketing budget for infographic submissions? No problem. This is another free infographic blog with easy submission that doesn't charge a dime.
About The Author
Brett Lindenberg wrote this post. Check out his lead generation blog at 500aMonth.com.


text: > -----Original Message----- > From: blfs-support-bounces at linuxfromscratch.org > [mailto:blfs-support-bounces at linuxfromscratch.org]On Behalf Of Amit > Mehra > Sent: Monday, July 28, 2003 9:31 AM > To: Beyond LFS > Subject: Configure FTP services > > > Hi, > I have installed Linux from Scratch 4.0 on my intel > machine and am > now on BLFS. Although the installation went smooth but have > been facing > problem in configuring the system. After configuring talent > daemon I am > now stuck on FTP. How do I start the FTP services on my machine. One > major problem I found on my system is that I do not see any in.* ( > in.telnetd, intftpd, etc..) files in /usr/sbin directory, these files > have been referenced by xinetd.conf. I started the telent daemon by > copying the in.telent daemon from my RedHat system but now > when I copied > the in.tftpd I am facing problems start the FTP services. > > In brief > - How do I start FTP services. > - What package installs in.* files on the system. I installed all the > packages from LFS4.0 and I do not find any package in BLFS which > installs these files. > > > > Thanks for the help. > > Rgds, > Amit Try ProFTPd. -J- >

subset: commoncrawl


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This site uses cookies and similar technologies to customize and enhance your online experience. By using this site, you accept our use of these technologies. To learn more, please read our cookie policy.
Remembering the 1977 All-Star Game in Milwaukee
While in New Orleans Jim Paschke caught up with Matt Winick, the NBA's Senior VP of Scheduling and Game Operations and reminisced about the '77 All-Star Game in Milwaukee


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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - View original article
Quarter Midget racing is a form of automobile racing. The cars are approximately one quarter (1/4) the size of a full size midget car. The adult size midget being raced during the start of quarter midget racing, used an oval track of one fifth of a mile in length. The childs quarter midget track is one quarter that length, or 1/20th mile. An adult size midget in the 1940s and 1950s could reach 120 miles per hour, while the single cylinder 7 cubic inch quarter midget engine could make available a speed of 30 miles per hour, or one quarter the speed of the adult car. Current upper class quarter midgets can exceed 30 miles per hour, but remain safe due to the limited size of the track.[1][2]
The drivers are typically restricted to ages 5 to 16.[1][2] Tracks are typically banked ovals one-twentieth of a mile long, and have a surface of dirt, concrete, or asphalt.[1]
Contents |
Quarter Midgets have been around in one form or another since before World War II, There are two sanctioning bodies for Quarter Midgets, United States Auto Club (USAC) and Quarter Midgets of America (QMA).
There were over 4,000 drivers in the United States in 2007.[3] In the United States, an engine can cost from $400 to $9,000, the car chassis from $1,500 for a used up to $6,000 for a new chassis. Tires start at $50 a tire. There are many brands of cars as well as custom cars made by individuals. Some of the common brands are Stanley Racing, N/C chassis (Nervo/Coggin), Bullrider Racecars, Tad Fiser Race Cars, Rice Cars, GT American Race Cars, Ashley Chassis, Profab, Cobra Race Cars, And RSS Race Cars. Cars are protected by body panels which are made of fiberglass, sheetmetal, or more rarely, carbon fiber.
The move from Deco to Honda was first highlighted by an exhibition race at the 1988 Western Grands in Pueblo, Colorado. The Honda engine proved to be the saving element as cost were skyrocketing with the Deco engine due to supply and demand. Attempts to put the Deco/Continental engines back into production have failed. Briggs and Stratton is also being used as a cost effective engine platform.
As the cost of the Deco engine platform has continued to rise and increasing problems with Honda engine revisions and parts tolerances have increased the adoption of Briggs and Stratton engines has increased substantially. This adoption has come in the form of both the World Formula and Briggs animal engines. The QMA is slated to fully introduce the Animal engine platform beginning in 2012. USAC has already had the platform for two years. The QMA is also set to begin phasing out the Honda platform in 2013. This decision remains highly controversial among its members.
The oldest continually run dirt quarter midget track east of the Mississippi is THQMA (Terre Haute Quarter Midget Association) located in Terre Haute, Indiana. On the west coast, Capitol Quarter Midgets has also been in operation since 1955. Many of today's most recognizable names in racing got their start in quarter midgets including; A.J. Foyt, Jeff Gordon, Sarah Fisher, Jimmy Vasser, Joey Logano, Brad Keselowski, Terry Labonte, and Bobby Labonte to name a few.
The first feature film on quarter midget racing was produced in 2009. Called Drive, it captures kids (as young as five years old) hit speeds of 50 mph to battle for the Grand National race. Moms and dads turn gears and yell over revving motors as their sons and daughters push to win. Quarter midget racing relies on the family to work as a team. The heat, the stress and the drive to win put their bond to the test.[4]


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In Today's Latest Polls, Mitt Romney Now Has The Slight Lead in Florida
The Ipsos poll conducted for Reuters actually does show both candidates tied with 47 percent each among likely voters. Even among all registered voters, the poll finds the two are effectively tied with Obama getting 45 percent and Romney getting 44 percent. Though, Obama leads among those who have already voted, 53-45. About a third of all registered voters in Florida have already cast a ballot.
A Gravis Marketing poll shows one of the largest leads we've seen recently, with Romney up by three points in a 50-47 match-up. Though, Gravis tends to produce numbers that lean more Republican than other pollsters.
A We Ask America poll meanwhile paints the race in Florida as one with less than a full percentage point between the candidates. The poll found 49.8 percent say they'll vote for Romney, and 48.9 percent for Barack Obama.
In the Real Clear Politics average of polls, Romney remains up by 1.2 percentage points. Huff Post's model has Romney up by less than a percentage point, and Five Thirty Eight gives Romney a 59 percent chance of winning Florida.
Follow Miami New Times on Facebook and Twitter @MiamiNewTimes.
Sponsor Content


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Add-Ons, Game Expansions, and Downloads
Here we have collected all official scenarios and combinations of Catan expansions and game variants as well as all other free downloads on one page. As usual, the downloads are printable PDF files.
You will find information about all our games, even for those that are no longer commercially available, in our Ludography.
Catan – The Board Game
The Rivals for Catan
- Tips for Your First Encounters with "The Rivals for Catan" (96 KB)
- Base Game – Listing of all cards (4.8 MB)
- Tournament Game Rules (92 KB)
- Sample Decks by Dr. Reiner Düren: (approx. 50 KB each)
Expansions / Maritime Trade /
Heroes / University
- Sample Decks by Dr. Reiner Düren: (approx. 50 KB each)


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Good Move!!
Jim: Bagging the tent and moving to a dry room sounds like a good move! Glad to hear the KS is reasonably cool. Can really be a blisterex in the summer. Press On! Will
TransAm day #41
Trip Start
May 04, 2007
Trip End
Aug 05, 2007
One point of recent particular interest was Gerard, KS where located in the county square is a Viet Nam memorial listing the Kansas soldiers killed during the war. The memorial is patterned after the one in Washington. One cannot escape a sensation of sorrow when doing nothing more than viewing the simply designed monument.
Also in Gerard on the town square is Mom's Place - the local small restaurant. These small community restaurants have become particularly attractive features of this trip. Another such example was the Cassoday Restaurant in Cassoday, KS. There a breakfast buffet on the first Sunday of each month hosts motorcyclists from not only that area of Kansas, but Texas and Oklahoma as well. Cassoday is small enough so a traffic light is not required. Incidentally, it is the prairie chicken capital of the US.
We are passing through the "flint hills" of Kansas where one can view miles of native grasslands. Herds of cattle numbering hundreds are scattered about the prairie feeding in what I've been told are free graze areas.
Tomorrow, I suspect, we will begin to see the vast wheat fields of Kansas.
Our group remains intact and in great spirits. We have been blessed.
Spoga news
We are gearing up for the San Destin Triathlon and we use your mission as inspiration. Spin classes are going well and I will up date the spinners on your progress. Take care and God speed.
Jeff Day
Other than the heat, I remember the sunflowers in Kansas. They seemed to thrive in the most unlikely places. Beautiful bright yellow heads against the backdrop of green fields and blue sky. On your adventure through the endless fields of this great country's breadbasket, I pray that many sunflowers will grace your path! Cindy


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Pet Costume Contest – Gallery #3
<@ Work NetworkFrom now through Nov 7th at noon we'll accept public votes and select two finalists from each of the three galleries (You can vote in each group once per day). Then, from Nov 7th – Nov 13th at midnight, we'll pit the 6 finalists against each other and award the winner a $200 PetSmart gift card. Take a look at the photos below and vote now!
**Only one vote allowed per person per day. We apply an IP analysis every day. Cheaters will be identified, removed from voting and banned from the system.


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Operating a Calling Card system nowadays is very competitive business, with hundreds of players in each region or area. Some of them invent very complex marketing tricks to convince potential buyer th... Read More
Read here how to configure SIM predialer - a simple add-on to the mobile phone which allows making c... Read More
This two-step Signup process will create your Account with dtlvoip. Additionally You will receive free Hosted Billing and Switch Demo account which will show you all features of our software. The demo is fully functional with no limitation to any of the features of live production systems


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"The Prius is kind of a gimmicky car. Toyota originally designed it for young geeks in Tokyo — gadget-crazy young guys," says Jim Hood, a writer who worked for the Associated Press for 15 years and covered the automotive industry for part of that time. "Then the crazy Americans fell for it."
Stories from Prius owners involving unintended acceleration are fairly common, and one of the first places to publish them was ConsumerAffairs.com, which collects about 400 complaints a day that are read by editors and then stored in an online database.
"One of the trends we started to see was that there were odd things going on with the Prius, not only with the acceleration but with loss of traction on slippery surfaces," says Hood, the former AP writer who now owns the website. "The Prius was something a little different when it came out, so we paid a little more attention to it than if it was a brand-new pickup or something."
The site's automotive writer, Joe Benton, wrote about unintended acceleration for the first time in summer 2007, telling the story of a woman in Everett, Washington, whose Prius took off while she was on the interstate and wouldn't slow down even as she repeatedly pumped the brakes.
Hood received hate mail from Prius owners when the negative story was posted.
"They're zealots and religious about their cars," Hood says. "Quite honestly, we don't give a damn about anything. If people want to drive those things, fine by us, but our job is to criticize and nitpick."
Then the other horror stories rolled in.
One came from Richard Bacon, a Tacoma, Washington resident who wrote, "This week our 2008 Prius tried to kill me twice." Bacon's Prius died while he was driving up his snowy driveway, causing him to slide into oncoming traffic "that just missed hitting me broadside."
Then he was driving with his wife, merging into traffic at 45 mph, and he crossed over a patch of snow. The Prius locked up and Bacon lost control and skidded toward a 30-foot drop down the side of the road. "Only a snowbank kept my wife and me from serious injury or death," he wrote.
Toyota recalled the floor mats about two months after the first story ran on Hood's website. From a company press release: "If properly secured, the All Weather Floor Mat will not interfere with the accelerator pedal. Suggested opportunities to check are after filling the vehicle's tank with gasoline, after a carwash or interior cleaning, or before driving the vehicle. Under no circumstances should more than one floor mat ever be used in the driver's seating position: the retaining hooks are designed to accommodate only one floor mat at a time."
New Times found only one person currently in litigation with Toyota concerning unintended acceleration. Art Robinson, the man involved in that crash, wouldn't speak with us (saying his lawyer has advised him not to), but a Toyota spokeswoman confirmed the lawsuit, declining to comment further.
Apparently, hours after Robinson purchased his 2005 Prius in Tacoma, Washington, the car began to handle funny, and as he was driving back to the dealership, the car took off. Robinson stomped on the brake and the emergency brake, but the car wouldn't slow down.
He exited the freeway and safely shot through an intersection but then lost control and drove through a convenience store. Robinson escaped before the Prius and the building burst into flames.
"It happened so fast I didn't have time to be scared then," Robinson told a Tacoma news station.
"I'd have to say most Prius buyers are just pure mooches," says Kenny Triola, a manager at a Hummer dealership. "They're just trying to squeeze every dime, stretch everything so thin out of life. I don't think most people buy a Prius to save the environment. I think it's to save their pocketbooks."
The Prius is a particularly sore subject for Triola and his sales force. Hummer sales dropped about 60 percent last summer, Triola says, and even as oil prices fall, the Hummer has remained a pariah.
The dealership recently received a shipment of Hummer H3Ts, a new truck model for 2009. Not one had been sold.
"You see these things? They're done — dinosaurs," Triola says, pointing at the parking lot full of Hummers. "I've never even driven any hybrid vehicle, but if it betters the economy and the environmental thing, that's good, but you could say I'm somewhat against the idea of it. But I'm old school."
Hanging above the showroom entrance is a picture of an H2 splashing through a river on its way up a muddy hill. Triola glances up at it and says, "When the storms hit, and there are hurricanes and tornadoes and floods, the Hummers have assisted with so much relief. Every individual would like the opportunity to do so, but with the Prius, you ain't going to have that chance. We could always put a Prius on top of an H2 and get through anything."
While the Prius has been the lightning rod of the need-for-green skeptic, the Hummer has come to symbolize the environmental Antichrist. Last summer, for instance, a 72-year-old man carved Xs into a teenager's Hummer in a high school parking lot.


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Not very many people I know use their smartphones for reading — though there are apps for the Kindle, Nook, and iBooks marketplaces that you can download for your phone, the screen usually feels to small, and it's harder to get engulfed into a story the same way you might with a larger eReader device. But what if you could find content that's specifically designed to be read on a mobile device? Would it even be worth reading in the first place?
That's exactly what Jeff Gillis of Potboiler LLC has done with his new series, Get Fisk. A former Google employee who worked closely with Adwords and Google Analytics, Gillis wants to popularize "serialized novellas" that have been carefully constructed to be highly addictive and perfect for long public transit commutes. In an interview with Examner.com last December, he outlined the process by which his team created the content:
We tested all content with a beta audience and then refined it until it would test as well as bestsellers that are on the market now.
For example, a group of beta readers read text from our stories, and also text from a current bestseller in the same genre. We then asked them which one they liked better and why.
We would analyze the results and refine our content and test it in a similar manner again until it tested better than the bestseller. That gave us the confidence to put time and energy into the work.
If you're interested in reading more of Gillis' thoughts on publishing and marketing, you can check out part 1 and part 2 of the interview.
It's a shrewd idea, definitely. But could this type of highly-crafted marketing strategy remove some of the artistry from writing? Lauren Herstik at Nerdist.com seems worried that it might; she describes the prose of Get Fisk as " an early draft screenplay dialed to a middle-grade reading level with a light smattering of soft-core sex scenes." Which doesn't sound great, sure, but if people are reading and enjoying it, does it matter how literary or "worthwhile" the story might be?
Personally, I think I'd be more likely to buy into Get Fisk if Gillis weren't so brutally honest about the meticulous marketing strategies and analytics methods he uses, because it sort of makes the end result feel disengenous. But maybe if I were stuck on a train on the way to work and needed something to read, I'd think differently!
What do you think? Is Gillis a publishing genius, or is he simply using technology to game the current online publishing system? Let us know in the comments below!
I think it's a case of throwing things against a wall and seeing what sticks.


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Inchcape Volkswagen Romford
Click 'Search' to view the vehicles.
2012 (12 reg), Hatchback
2010 (10 reg), Hatchback
2012 (12 reg), Hatchback
2012 (12 reg), Hatchback
2012 (12 reg), Hatchback
2013 (63 reg), Hatchback
2011 (11 reg), Hatchback
2013 (13 reg), Hatchback
2011 (11 reg), Hatchback
2012 (12 reg), Hatchback
Call dealer now
Tel: (01708) 548314More from this dealer
- Volkswagen roadside assistance
- 12 Month Volkswagen warranty
- 30 day/1000 miles 'No Quibble' exchange policy
- Comprehensive check on the history of your
- Comprehensive testing and reconditioning
About this dealer
Inchcape Volkswagen Romford
"We are part of Inchcape retail, one of the largest retailer networks in the UK, providing extensive choice and great savings on new, used and commercial vehicles. Motability specialists, we offer a personal and friendly service. With over 750 used cars in group and access to thousands more, we can and will help you find the Volkswagen you require. With our fixed price servicing options, we're on hand to make your Volkswagen ownership an affordable and quality experience."


text: Llandudno PierLlandudno Pier is Grade II Listed and at 2,295 ft is the longest pier in Wales. The pier is unique in that it has two entrances, one on the promenade at the North Parade and the other on Happy Valley Road. This is believed to be the original entrance created when the pier was first built. Llandudno Pier has often been selected for Victorian and Edwardian filming locations Most notably for the 2002 TV production of The Forsyte Saga. The orginal pier was built in 1858 by the St George's Harbour and Railway Company and was much shorter at just 242 ft. Unfortunately, the pier was severely damaged during the great storm of October 25th 1859, which caused the loss of 223 ships and 800 people across the coastal waters of Britain. Although repaired and used for a further 16 years after the storm, the pier was now too small and could only be used by steam ships at very high tide. The present pier, was opened to the public on August 1st 1877. Various additions were made to the pier up until 1969 when the landing stage was totally rebuilt in concrete and steel, which enabled its use by larger steamers which were popluar at the time. The wooden decking has also been extensively renovated during recent years. |


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These chevrons are my other love...since my first all white background prints chevron quilt I have had a handful of customs for the same quilt. Unbelievably, this is one quilt I don't get tired of. I love this one just as much as the original.
This one was fun because the owner didn't want any girly prints thrown in. Amazingly I was able to find even more prints that were gender neutral and on white backgrounds from my stash...scary! I never imagined I had that many prints. Although I do have to say between this quilt and the recent quilt kit I made up for another customer I have put a huge dent in my stash. It's a great thing because I am finally getting past the fear of cutting into some of my treasured fabrics and beginning to realize I should use them before they go out of style, there will always be new and fun prints coming around!
Can you believe I'm ready to dive into the next one?! I have a different pallet up my sleeve this time though!


text: ok im not sure if this is even the right place to post this ... but i have an 00 firbird formula with a pretty beat up ls1 i think it has somewhere around 160,xxx on the clock and i know its getting tired (but dont get me wrong she still kicks like a bull) but anyway im in the process of saving money to have the whole set up reworked. TTP gave me a price range of around 9 grand to have the engine bored out to 383 and have a cam and intake done. when there ready to do it i think i may go with new heads also. So now to get to the route of this question i would like to know what kind of cam and heads you think i should go with to put me somewhere around 450hp i will have headers and a new intake ... not quite sure which one. I am also just a kid, so im not exactyly loaded, just looking for some advice


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Paranoia runs deep among Broward Democrats, who may hold the power to elect the leader of the free world. To fight the gathering dark forces, they've signed up an army of attorneys. Kerry, during an October 17 rally at C.B. Smith Park in Pembroke Pines, called it a "multiracial dream team of lawyers to make sure every vote is counted." Broward Democratic Chairman Mitch Ceasar says the squad is poised to pounce. "They will be able to produce a lawsuit as fast as you can make a cup of coffee," he boasts. "There is great fear of the unknown, and I think there is reason to be concerned about the machinery."
None of this makes sense. How did Broward, a crucial Kerry bastion where Democrats outnumber Republicans almost two-to-one, wind up in such shape? Why would the Dem-dominated County Commission spend more than $20 million for machines that scare the dickens out of its people? How on Earth did Brenda Snipes, who is surrounded by the most rabid and unscrupulous band of GOP opportunists imaginable, come to be the Supervisor of Elections?
The Democrats did it to themselves. For starters, look at Mike Moskowitz, one of the leaders of Kerry's dream team in Broward. The Democratic committeeman and political insider is organizing dozens of lawyers to make sure those dastardly touch screens work. But guess what he was doing three years ago: Hawking those same machines as a lobbyist for the GOP-connected company that made them. Nebraska-based Election Systems & Software paid Moskowitz about $18,600 for helping sway the county to buy the machines. It's a conflict of interest that begs the question: Does Moskowitz, who didn't return repeated phone calls, really side with the voters, or will he remain allegiant to the company that paid him?
And then there's the terrible saga of Snipes. Jeb installed her after the Democratic leadership chased out Miriam Oliphant, a fellow party member who was elected by the people. Petty politics drove that train. Ironically, Oliphant had urged the county to buy an optical scanner system, which is less expensive and more accurate than touch screens and allows for a paper recount that Democrats now so badly wish they had.
Oliphant had serious problems, but she never stood a chance against a juvenile and vindictive commission that was hell-bent on removing her. Many dim Democrats rejoiced when Jeb plucked Oliphant from office this past November and installed Snipes, a School Board bureaucrat with disturbing ties to Republicans. They should have been mortified. To understand Snipes, all they had to do was check out the man who emceed her appointment ceremony: Dorsey Miller, an opportunistic and oft-investigated black Republican tapped by Jeb to engineer Snipes' ascension.
Miller is a campaign official for Dubya and a Jeb appointee on the board of the publicly financed North Broward Hospital District, the heart of Republican power in Broward. The district is fraught with corruption and is the subject of a federal grand jury investigation concerning insider deals using taxpayer money.
It's a troubling combination: Snipes is steeped not just in Republicans but in a group well-known for violating the public trust. Also closely aligned with Snipes is NBHD General Counsel William Scherer. You might remember Scherer -- a co-chair for the governor's campaign and a fundraising Ranger for the president's campaign -- from the 2000 reelection fiasco. He's the charming fellow who started yelling on live television during the recount and had to be removed from the Broward County Courthouse. In March, Snipes hired Scherer's law partner, W. Earl Hall, as treasurer for her campaign. Hear this again: The so-called Democrat running the elections office hired a Republican activist's law firm to run her campaign.
Scherer works closely with NBHD lobbyist Jim Blosser, who is perhaps the most influential Republican powerbroker in South Florida. Blosser's law and lobbying firms are loaded with former Jeb Bush officials, including former spokesman Justin Sayfie.
Scherer, Blosser, Miller, and others at the hospital district juggernaut predictably helped bankroll Snipes' campaign. District board members, employees, and associated businesses contributed at least $12,000. Other top Republicans pitched in thousands more. For good measure, Snipes hired Cora Braynon, another Jeb appointee at the hospital district, to work for her campaign. This past August, when Snipes won the Democratic primary, the campaign quietly paid a cool $1,000 to Braynon for supplying "campaign workers' food," according to elections office records.
That same month, the Daily Business Review reported that Snipes had hired Blosser's law firm to represent the Supervisor of Elections office in case of any election-related litigation. After a small uproar over the outrageously partisan nature of the hiring, Snipes fired Blosser's firm, but the message was clear: The supervisor was in the Republicans' corner.
Yet the Dems still rallied behind Snipes to give her a strong victory in the August 31 primary. Her Republican challenger, Steven Shin, then dropped out after his own party encouraged him to leave the race. The GOP already had its choice in place, after all. So it's four more years for Snipes and the virulent, rogue political profiteers who stand behind her.


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Incident Reporting
Laboratory Safety
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Office Safety
Safety Minutes
Policies & Procedures
Waste Management
Web Resources
Unsafe Condition Report Form
Wayne Shelton, Director Campus Sustainablity & Environmental Safety Maintenance Bldg Rm 120A 410-546-6485 email@example.com
In an emergency, call 3-6222
For assistance from EHS, call 6-6485
There are various actions that laboratory personnel can take in the event of a chemical spill. For many spills the clean-up action can be taken by the laboratory worker and need not involve outside personnel. The EHS spill response team can manage spills that are beyond the ability of the laboratory to handle. Still other spill responses may be too large for EHS to handle and the Salisbury Fire Department (Hazmat Response Team) or an outside contractor must be called in.
The essential question that must be asked by laboratory personnel is, "Knowing the chemical hazards, location and quantity, do I have the capability to respond to the spill safely?" The safety of everyone in the laboratory and everyone else in the building is of paramount importance. If the spill could potentially harm someone, isolate the area where the spill occurred and call EHS (3-6485) to report the spill (after business hours call the University Police at 3-6222 and they will notify EHS). EHS will determine whether the magnitude of the spill is within the capability of the EHS spill response team, SFD, or the outside contractor.
In order to place your laboratory in a position to be able to handle small spills, a level of preplanning must occur. Laboratories must have a minimum amount of personal protective equipment (PPE) and appropriate clean-up materials present prior to an incident. Before responding to a spill the minimum PPE needed includes:
The supplies needed to clean up a spill will depend on the quantity and type of chemical that is spilled. A recommended list of supplies is:
The responsibility of the first responder is to limit access to the spill so that unsuspecting persons do not inadvertently encounter spilled material and either contaminate themselves or spread the spilled material beyond the immediate spill area.
The second responsibility is to don the appropriate personal protective equipment and control further release and spread of material, if possible. This step often involves righting containers and placing absorbent or other diking material around the spill to prevent the spread of the spill beyond the containment area.
Once the spill has been contained, the responder should absorb any free liquid. The appropriate absorbent will vary with the different chemicals. Spills of acids and bases can be easily absorbed into polypropylene pads. If Polypropylene pads are not available, a safe way to absorb most any liquid is by using a clay absorbent similar to kitty litter. The clay is a safe, cheap and efficient absorbent for chemical spills. Once all of the free liquids are absorbed, place all of the absorbents and other contaminated spill clean-up materials into a heavy duty trash bag or plastic container.
Many spills involve broken glass. The responder must be careful not to get cut by broken glass during the clean-up process. Use tongs to pick-up the broken glass.
Once the spill is cleaned up it is necessary to neutralize any remaining residues and decontaminate the area. This can be accomplished by using an acid or base neutralizer for corrosive chemicals or using warm, soapy water for other chemicals. NOTE: Water should never be used for chemicals that are water reactive.
The final step is to inspect the area for spill residue, hidden contamination, or other unsafe conditions. Once you are certain that none of these exist, place the entire spill clean-up residue and other contaminated materials into a trash bag or plastic container that can be sealed shut. Label the container as hazardous waste and specify the contents. Then request that the materials be removed from you laboratory as hazardous waste.
Lastly, restock your spill supplies!
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Phil Kessel was named the best forward at the 2014 Olympics.
Zbynek Michalek is drawing "significant interest" on the trade market, according to Coyotes general manager Don Maloney.
Michael Del Zotto scored the game-winning goal — shorthanded — for the Flyers in their 4-2 win over the Rangers on Saturday night.
Carey Price kicked aside 30 shots as he and the Canadiens blanked the Maple Leafs 4-0 on Saturday night.
Antoine Vermette has been traded from the Coyotes to Blackhawks for a first-round pick and prospect Klas Dahlbeck.
The Ducks are getting calls on Matt Beleskey, according to ESPN's Pierre LeBrun.
Zdeno Chara scored on the power play and assisted in the Bruins' 4-1 win over the Coyotes on Saturday night.
John Tavares scored his 30th goal of the 2014-15 season on Saturday, but the New York Islanders lost to the Carolina Hurricanes by a score of 5-3.
Cory Schneider improved to 23-23-6 as the New Jersey Devils beat the Columbus Blue Jackets 2-0 on Saturday.
Pekka Rinne and the Nashville Predators are still struggling a bit lately, including Saturday's 4-3 loss to the Detroit Red Wings.
"The Monster" Jonas Gustavsson continues to be sharp since returning from injury issues, as he was a big factor in the Detroit Red Wings' 4-3 win over the Nashville Predators.
The Anaheim Ducks grabbed Tomas Fleischmann from the Florida Panthers for Dany Heatley and a third-round pick.


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Orient spells over for loan duo
Winger Adams was a big hit, starting all six games of his month-long spell from Leicester. The 23-year-old's arrival coincided with Orient's recent upturn in form, but although boss Geraint Williams was eager to keep him on, the Foxes have opted to recall him. "Nicky has been fantastic and he's enjoyed his time down here," said Williams. "He wanted to stay and we wanted him to stay but Leicester, as is their right, wanted to recall him." Defender Briggs, 18, has gone back to Fulham after making one appearance - in the win over Yeovil.
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2012 Mercedes-Benz GLK-class
Choose Mercedes-Benz GLK-class Style:
C/D Overview:
If you're seduced by the chiseled styling of the GLK, you'll be delighted by its comfortable and handsome interior, its solid feel, and its attractive price. All-wheel drive is optional. While other Benzes get a new V-6, the GLK soldiers on with the old 3.5-liter V-6. A little more power would be nice.
Base Price: $36,755 - $38,755
Chiseled looks, spacious-feeling inside, lengthy option list, tempting base price.
Smallish rear seat, options quickly degrade the value of the GLK, rides a bit rougher and is less carlike than competitors.
What's New
Introduced for 2010; no major changes for 2012.
Behind The Wheel
The GLK feels a bit taller and larger than competitors. On the plus side, it has a refined and solid feel. Avoid the big wheels if you desire a supple ride.
Reviews & Road Tests
Comparison Tests
- 2014 Mercedes-Benz GLC / Small Crossover Rendered - Future Cars
- 2010 Mercedes-Benz GLK Tuner Concepts - Auto Shows
- 2010 Mercedes-Benz GLK-Class, GLK300, GLK350, GLK280, GLK 220 CDI Blue Efficiency - Auto Shows
- Mercedes-Benz Vision GLK BlueTec Hybrid Concept - Auto Shows
- 2009 Mercedes-Benz Vision GLK Freeside Concept - Auto Shows
- 2009 Mercedes-Benz GLK300, GLK350, and GLK320 BlueTec - Car News


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East Africa Protectorate
East Africa Protectorate | |||||
Protectorate of British Empire | |||||
Anthem God Save the Queen/King |
Map of British East Africa in 1911.
Capital | Mombasa (1895–1905) Nairobi (1905–1920) |
Languages | English (official) Swahili, Gikuyu, Kamba, Luo, Gusii, Meru, Nandi–Markweta also spoken |
Religion | Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, traditional African religion | ||||
Government | Constitutional monarchy | ||||
Monarch | |||||
- | 1895–1901 | Victoria | |||
- | 1910–1920 | George V | |||
Commissioner, Governor | |||||
- | 1895–1897 | Arthur Henry Hardinge | |||
- | 1919–1920 | Sir Edward Northey | |||
History | |||||
- | Established | 1 July 1895 | |||
- | Disestablished | 23 July 1920 | |||
Area | |||||
- | 1904[1] | 696,447 km² (268,900 sq mi) | |||
Population | |||||
- | 1904[1] est. | 4,000,000 | |||
Density | 5.7 /km² (14.9 /sq mi) | ||||
Currency | Rupee | ||||
Today part of | Kenya |
East Africa Protectorate (also known as British East Africa) was an area in the African Great Lakes occupying roughly the same terrain as present-day Kenya (approximately 246,800 mi² / 639,209 km²) from the Indian Ocean inland to Uganda and the Great Rift Valley. It was controlled by Britain in the late 19th century; it grew out of British commercial interests in the area in the 1880s and remained a protectorate until 1920 when all but a ten-mile wide coastal strip became the colony of Kenya.[2]
European missionaries began settling in the area from Mombasa to Mount Kilimanjaro in the 1840s, nominally under the protection of the Sultan of Zanzibar. In 1886, the British government encouraged William Mackinnon, who already had an agreement with the Sultan and whose shipping company traded extensively in the African Great Lakes, to establish British influence in the region. He formed a British East Africa Association which led to the Imperial British East Africa Company being chartered in 1888 and given the original grant to administer the dependency. It administered about 150 miles (240 km) of coastline stretching from the River Jubba via Mombasa to German East Africa which were leased from the Sultan. The British "sphere of influence", agreed at the Berlin Conference of 1885, extended up the coast and inland across the future Kenya and after 1890 included Uganda as well. Mombasa was the administrative centre at this time.[3]
However, the company began to fail, and on 1 July 1895 the British government proclaimed a protectorate, the administration being transferred to the Foreign Office. In 1902 administration was again transferred to the Colonial Office and the Uganda territory was incorporated as part of the protectorate also. In 1902, the East Africa Syndicate received a grant of 500 square miles (1,300 km2) to promote white settlement in the Highlands. The capital was shifted from Mombasa to Nairobi in 1905 and in 1906 an order in council constituted the administrator a governor and provided for legislative and executive councils. Lieutenant Colonel J. Hayes Sadler was the first governor and commander in chief. On 23 July 1920, the inland areas of the protectorate became the Kenya Colony while a ten-mile wide coastal strip (with the exception of Witu), which was under the nominal sovereignty of the Sultan of Zanzibar, became the Kenya Protectorate.[3]
After 1896, immigrants from India came to the area as money lenders, traders, and artisans. Racial segregation was normalised, with the Europeans assigning the Highlands to themselves. Other restrictions included commercial and residential segregation in the towns, and restrictions on Indian immigration. Nevertheless, the Indians rapidly grew to outnumber the Europeans by more than two to one by 1919. India was a crown colony whose citizens enjoyed certain privileges but it was unclear whether the Indians in the African Great Lakes were to be recognised as citizens of the British Empire or as a subject race.
In April 1902, the first application for land in British East Africa was made by the East Africa Syndicate – a company in which financiers belonging to the British South Africa Company were interested – which sought a grant of 500 square miles (1,300 km2), and this was followed by other applications for considerable areas, including a large Jewish settlement. In April 1903, Major Frederick Russell Burnham, the famous American scout and then a Director of the East African Syndicate, sent an expedition consisting of John Weston Brooke, John Charles Blick, Mr. Bittlebank and Mr. Brown, to assess the mineral wealth of the region. The party, known as the "Four B.'s", travelled from Nairobi via Mount Elgon northwards to the western shores of Lake Rudolph, experiencing plenty of privations from want of water, and of the danger from encounters with the Maasai.[4] With the arrival in 1903 of hundreds of prospective settlers, chiefly from South Africa, questions were raised concerning the preservation for the Maasai of their rights of pasturage, and the decision was made to entertain no more applications for large areas of land.
In the carrying out of this policy of colonisation a dispute arose between Sir Charles Eliot, then Commissioner of British East Africa and Lord Lansdowne, the British Foreign Secretary. Lansdowne, believing himself bound by pledges given to the East Africa Syndicate, decided that they should be granted the lease of the 500 mi². they had applied for; but after consulting officials of the protectorate then in London, he refused Eliot permission to conclude leases for 50 mi². each to two applicants from South Africa. Eliot thereupon resigned his post, and in a public telegram to the Prime Minister, dated Mombasa, 21 June 1904, gave as his reason: "Lord Lansdowne ordered me to refuse grants of land to certain. private persons while giving a monopoly of land on unduly advantageous terms to the East Africa Syndicate. I have refused to execute these instructions, which I consider unjust and impolitic." On the day Sir Charles sent this telegram the appointment of Sir Donald William Stewart, the chief commissioner of Ashanti (Ghana), to succeed him was announced.
Stamps and postal history of British East Africa[edit]
The territory had its own mail system during the 1890s; see Postage stamps and postal history of British East Africa for further details.
See also[edit]
- Sir Charles Eliot
- Colonial Heads of Kenya
- East African Campaign (World War I)
- History of Kenya
- East Africa and Uganda Protectorates
- ^ "Census of the British empire. 1901". Openlibrary.org. 1906. p. 178. Retrieved 26 December 2013.
- ^ British East Africa Company
- ^ a b British East Africa, by Grant Sinclair
- ^ Fergusson, W.N. (1911). Adventure, Sport and Travel on the Tibetan Steppes, p. preface. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York
Further reading[edit]
- John S. Galbraith, Mackinnon and East Africa 1878–1895 (Cambridge 1972)
- Map of British East Africa in 1901
- A map of part of Eastern Africa, prepared by authority of the Imperial British East Africa Company, 1889
- 1911 Encyclopedia


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The Colorado River used to flow straight into the Gulf of California. But it has been dammed and divided so many times in the United States that the flow to Northern Mexico dried up years ago. Now conservationists are hailing a new agreement that will return some water to parched delta areas, restoring wildlife for endangered animals and birds. So what will the water exchange mean for the environment of northern Mexico? And what will Southern Nevada get out of the deal?
Osvel Hinojosa, water and wetlands program director, Pronatura Noroeste


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Barneys Warehouse: 50% Off
Barneys Warehouse just kicked off its spectacular Columbus Day sale, and we couldn't be more excited to scoop up the designer savings. From now until Oct. 16, the luxury retailer is offering an additional 50% off (final price will be reflected in shopping cart) all handbags — wow! The virtual shelves are stocked with covetable brands like 3.1 Phillip Lim, Proenza Schouler, and Alexander Wang, but act fast, these dream ticket pieces won't last for long.
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You are here: Main / Customer Services / Public Communications Division / 2009 / Lions Euthanized |
LIONS EUTHANIZED The Honolulu Zoo is saddened to report the loss today of Ethel Louise and Samantha, its two female African lions. These sisters, who were nearly 23 years old, were humanely euthanized due to multiple health problems associated with advanced age. Ethel and Samantha were born on April 3rd, 1986 at the Wild Wilderness Zoo in Gentry, Zoo officials are expecting to obtain a male lion within the next month from the It is currently estimated that the wild population of African lions has decreased dramatically over the last twenty years. Lions in the wild number approximately 25,000, compared to over 200,000 in the early 1980's. For more information on what the Honolulu Zoo and the Lion Species Survival Plan is doing to restore the lion population, visit www.aza.org |


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BikeSafe encourage riders to focus on road safety especially in the run up to Race Weeks. We have connections with many local part suppliers nationwide for a good range of used Husqvarna CR 250 parts! We all cannot be members of the Irving Vincent Race Team, but we can all ride cool bikes, and it is possible to speak to one of our customer service representatives for replacement parts by calling us on *email helpdesk*. You may not be featuring in the Thundersport GB National Motorcycle Championships at Mallory Park, but maintaining a road bike we can help.
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text: The Beetle Kitesurf World Cup 2013Pre event | Pre event | Day n°1 | Day n°2 | Day n°3 | Day n°4 | Day n°5 | Day n°6 | Day n°7 | Day n°8 | Day n°9 | EVENT INFO Start of the trials at the Beetle World CupJul-13-2013The first day of competition got underway at the Beetle Kitesurf World Cup in Saint Peter Ording, with very competitive heats of 4 and light winds. 11 heats were completed out of the 41 men's heat of the trials. The wind was slow building all day, but by 4pm the conditions were suitable. The wind was light and men were riding kites between 12 to 17 meters. All the favorites advanced to the next round with no major upsets taking place in the early heats of the trials. |


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In this powerful talk, coral reef ecologist Jeremy Jackson lays out the shocking state of the ocean today: overfished, overheated, polluted, with indicators that things will get much worse. Astonishing photos and stats make the case. (Recorded on the Mission Blue Voyage, April 2010 on the National Geographic Endeavor, the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. Duration: 18:19)
Watch Jeremy Jackson's talk on TED.com, where you can download this TEDTalk, rate it, comment on it and find other talks and performances from our archive of 600+ TEDTalks.


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Journal of Sensors
Volume 2011 (2011), Article ID 824215, 8 pages
Nano Ag-Doped Thick Film: A Low-Temperature Gas Sensor
1Department of Chemistry, Arts Commerce and Science College, Lasalgaon 422 306, India
2Materials Research Lab., Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nandgaon 423 106, India
3Materials Research Lab., K.T.H.M. College, Nashik 422 005, India
4Applied Chemistry and Nanoscience DIAT, Govt. of India, Girinagar Pune 411 025, India
Received 17 May 2011; Accepted 18 July 2011
Academic Editor: P. Siciliano
Copyright © 2011 D. N. Chavan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Thick films of AR grade In2O3 were prepared by standard screen-printing technique. The gas sensing performances of thick films were tested for various gases. It showed maximum sensitivity to ethanol vapour at 350°C for 80 ppm concentration. To improve the sensitivity and selectivity of the film towards a particular gas, In2O3 sensors were surface-modified by dipping them in a solution of 2% nanosilver for different intervals of time. Obtained results indicated that spherical nano-Ag grains are highly dispersed on the surface of In2O3sensor. The surface area of the nano-Ag/ In2O3 sensor is several times larger than that of pure In2O3 sensor. In comparison with pure In2O3 sensor, all of the nano-Ag-doped sensors showed better sensing performance in respect of response, selectivity, and optimum operating temperature. The surface-modified (30 min) In2O3 sensor showed larger sensitivity to H2S gas (10 ppm) at 100°C. Nano silver on the surface of the film shifts the reactivity of film from ethanol vapour to H2S gas. A systematic study of gas sensing performance of the sensor indicates the key role played by the nano silver species on the surface. The sensitivity, selectivity, response, and recovery time of the sensor were measured and presented.
1. Introduction
Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) is a colourless, toxic, flammable, and malodorous gas as sources from gasoline, natural gases, city sewage, volcanic gases, and hot springs with smells like rotten eggs. It can also be produced from bacterial breakdown of organic matter or wastes produced by humans and animals. Other sources are craft paper mills, tanneries, and petroleum refineries. H2S gas is badly harmful to human body and the environment. According to the safety standards established by American Conference Government Industrial Hygienists, the threshold limit value (TLV) defined for H2S is 10 ppm. Meanwhile the type of oil and natural gas is correlative with the concentration of H2S. The oil and natural gases mines can be found depending on the concentration of H2S. Therefore, the detection and monitoring of H2S are of high importance for both resource exploitation and human health. In the recent researchers, a number of semiconductor sensors have been found to be sensitive to H2S including WO3, In2O3, ZnO, and a few perovskite-type materials [1–9].
In general, metal oxide materials are rarely used as a single phase for sensors. And their gas sensing characteristics are usually well modified by adding a small amount of catalysts. Platinum and Palladium are well known active catalysts, which enhance the sensitivity against reducing gases [10]. Gold (Au), Silver (Ag) are also utilized to enhance the sensitivity of oxide materials [11]. It is believed that the catalysts promote chemisorptions process and thus increase the density of chemisorbed oxygen species, which are reaction centres for reducing gas molecules. The addition of second component in metal oxide semiconductor gas sensor either as bulk doping or as surface modification is one of the successful methods to optimize and improve the properties of gas sensors [12–17].
Semiconductor metal oxide-based gas sensors have been a subject of extensive research because of their use in detecting several toxic inflammable and odourless gases [18–23]. The sensing properties are based on the reaction between semiconducting metal oxides and gases in the atmosphere. The gas sensing mechanism involves the redox reaction at the surface, leading to the changes in the depletion layer of the grains that in turn changes the electrical resistance [24–28]. There are many possible reactions for the changes in electrical resistance; the most common reaction that leads to changes in the conductance is the adsorption of gases on the semiconducting surface. With the adsorption being a surface effect, great emphasis has been placed in the research towards the study of nanosized materials. In nanosized materials, a large fraction of the atoms is present at the surface, and hence, the surface properties become dominant. Hence, for the application of semiconducting metal oxide, as a sensing layer material of chemical gas sensors, nanosized particles are desirable. Indium oxide offers new advantages in designing metal oxide-based gas sensors, linked with an essential difference in electrophysical and chemical properties between SnO2 and In2O3. As a gassensing material, In2O3 has been extensively applied to detect O3, NO2 and CO [29–31]. In2O3 is known as to be an n-type semiconductor in its nonstoichiometric form, due to oxygen vacancy doping and has been extensively studied as a conductivity-based chemical sensor [32].
Due to advantages such as small size, low cost, simple operation, and good reversibility, the semiconductor sensors have become the most promising devices among the solid-state chemical sensors. Hence, the metal oxide gas sensing materials are widely investigated. Many semiconductor oxides such as SnO2, ZnO, Fe2O3, In2O3, WO3, and CuO have been explored to be detecting the polluting toxic and inflammable gases, such as CO, CO2, NOx, H2S, and ethanol [33–37].
In the present study, the nano-Ag is used for surface modification of In2O3 thick film. It has been described that the nano-Ag particles on the surface of In2O3 films by dipping technique improves the surface adsorption capability. As a result of the numerous interfaces between the nano-grains that interact with gas molecules can effectively improve the diffusion properties, while greatly increasing the gas sensitivity of the materials [38–40]. The nano-Ag used in the present work was prepared as described in the literature [41].
In this work, In2O3 thick films were prepared and deposited by screen printing on to glass substrates. The films surface were modified by dipping them into the solution of nano-Ag. The sensing performance of the films were tested by static gas sensing system for different gases such as H2S, CO, CO2, H2, LPG, NH3, Cl2, O2, and ethanol vapour.
2. Experimental
The AR grade powder of In2O3 was calcined at 1000°C for 6 h. Then In2O3 powder was milled for 2 hrs using planetary ball mill to obtain fine-grained powder. The thixotropic paste was formulated by mixing the fine powder of In2O3 with a solution of ethyl cellulose (a temporary binder) in a mixture of organic solvents such as butyl cellulose, butyl carbitol acetate, and terpineol. The weight ratio of the inorganic to organic part was kept at 75 : 25 in formulating the paste. This paste was screen-printed on a glass substrate in a desired pattern [42–44]. The sensors were fired at 550°C for 30 min. Silver contacts are made for electrical measurements. The preparation of nano-Ag colloidal solution was explained elsewhere [41]. The pure In2O3 sensors were surface-modified by dipping them into 2% nanosilver solution for different intervals of time: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, and 45 min [45]. The oxidation state of nano-Ag in colloidal state is zero. These sensors were dried under IR lamp at 80°C for 1 h and followed by firing at 550°C for 30 minutes. During firing process nano-Ag° was converted into Ag2O (with oxidation state +1). The thickness of the sensors was measured by using the Taylor-Hobson (Talystep, UK) system and was observed in the range from 60 to 65 μm. The reproducibility of the sensors' thickness was achieved by maintaining the proper rheology and thixotropy of the paste.
The sensing performance of the sensors was examined using a "static gas sensing system." There were electrical feeds through the base plate. The heater was fixed on the base plate to heat the sample under test up to required operating temperatures. The current passing through the heating element was monitored using a relay operated with an electronic circuit with adjustable on-off time intervals. A Cr-Al thermocouple was used to sense the operating temperature of the sensor. The output of the thermocouple was connected to a digital temperature indicator. A gas inlet valve was fitted at one of the ports of the base plate. The required gas concentration inside the static system was achieved by injecting a known volume of a test gas using a gas-injecting syringe. A constant voltage was applied to the sensor, and the current was measured by a digital Pico ammeter. The air was allowed to pass into the glass chamber after every gas exposure cycle.
3. Results
The purity and crystallinity of the calcined powder structure were examined using X-ray diffractogram (XRD) with CuKα radiation (wavelength 1.5418 ). The average grain size was calculated according to Debye-Scherrer's equation; it was observed to be 51 nm. Figure 1, depicts that the XRD patterns are indexed with pure In2O3 with cubic structure. The observed peaks in figure are matched well with (JCPDS Card no. 01-071-2194) reported data of In2O3 [46]. Figure 2, shows the micrographs of pure In2O3 and nano-Ag surface-modified In2O3 sensors. The comparison of these micrographs shows the interesting changes in morphology. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies were carried out by using JEOL JSM 6360 (LA) Japan. Figure 2(a) depicts the SEM image of pure In2O3 sensor fired at 550°C. The sensor consists of voids and a wide range of grains with size distribution ranging from 0.25 μm to 0.5 μm, distributed nonuniformly. Figure 2(b) represents the SEM image of nano-Ag surface-modified In2O3 (30 min) sensor fired at 550°C. It shows a number of small particles distributed uniformly between the larger grains around the In2O3, which may be attributed to the presence of nano-Ag. The grain size range was observed to be from 0.05 μm to 0.5 μm. The presence of nano-Ag particles on the surface of the sensor alters the adsorption-desorption ability of the sensor. The altered surface morphology of the sensor shifts the affinity and reactivity of sensor towards the H2S gas. EDAX analysis of nanosilver surface-modified sensor shows the presence of nanosilver, and the appearance from the sensor indicates that the nanosilver particles are present at the surface of the In2O3 sensor.
The quantitative elemental analysis of the pure and nano-Ag surface-modified In2O3 sensors was carried out by using an energy dispersive spectrophotometer (EDS) JEOL-JED-2300 LA Japan. The constituent elements such as In, O, and Ag associated with various sensors are presented in Table 1. It is clear from Table 1 that the weight percentage of silver is increased with dipping time and reached to a maximum. The sensor with the dipping time of 30 min as we observed to be more oxygen deficient (55.03 wt.%). This oxygen deficiency may make the sample possible to adsorb a large amount of oxygen species.
Figure 3 shows the I-V characteristics of pure In2O3 sensor at room temperature. I-V characteristics are observed to be symmetrical in nature, indicating the ohmic nature of silver contact.
Figure 4 shows the dependence of electrical conductivity of pure In2O3 and surface modified by nano-Ag In2O3 sensors in air ambience. The electrical conductivity of these sensors goes on increasing with increase in temperature, indicating negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of resistance. This shows the semiconducting nature of the sensors.
Figure 5 shows the variation in the gas response of ethanol vapour (80 ppm) with operating temperatures ranging from 50°C to 450°C. It is noted from the graph that response increases with increasing temperature, attains a maximum at 350°C, and decreases with further increase in operating temperature.
Selectivity is defined as the ability of sensor to respond to a certain gas in the presence of other gases. Selectivity is another important parameter of a gas sensor. The sensor must have rather high selectivity for its application. Pure In2O3 sensor is examined for different gases at different operating temperatures, and the results are shown in Figure 6. The bar diagram indicatves selectivity of pure In2O3 sensor at 350°C to ethanol vapour against the other gases. The sensor is the most selective to ethanol vapour against the other gases.
Response time and recovery time are the basic parameters of the gas sensors. Which is defined as the time taken for the sensor to attain 90% of maximum change in resistance on exposure to gas is the response time. The time taken by the sensor to get back 90% of the original resistance is the recovery time [47]. The 90% response time and recovery time were attained within 6 s and 60 s, respectively. The very short response time is the important features of the nano-Ag surface-modified (30 min.) In2O3 sensor. The large recovery time would be due to lower operating temperature. At lower temperature species is more prominently adsorbed on the surface, and thus it is less reactive as compared to other species of oxygen, and .
The enhanced response of nano-Ag surface-modified sensors can be attributed to two factors. First the higher specific surface areas of the nano-Ag doped sensors can lead to increase in active surface area for gas sensing. Secondly, the nano-Ag dopant, as a catalyst, enhances the adsorption of gas molecules and accelerates the electron exchange between the sensor and test gas [48]. The two factors together contribute to the improvement of gas sensing properties of nano-Ag surface-modified In2O3 sensors. Furthermore, the maximum response is observed for nano-Ag surface-modified (30 min) In2O3 sensor, perhaps due to the largest amount of active reaction sites formed on the surface of In2O3 sensor by the random dispersion of nano-Ag [49].
4. Discussion
Since long it has been known that adsorption of reducing gas molecules results in decrease in electrical resistance of oxide material [50]. The In2O3 materials are characteristically n-type semiconductor due to nonstoichiometry associated with oxygen vacancy and/or metal excess which acts as donor states thus providing conduction electrons. However, the overall surface resistance of such films is generally influenced by chemisorptions (chemical adsorption) of oxygen from air on the surface and at the grain boundaries. The chemisorbed oxygen traps conduction electrons and remains as negatively charged species (, , or depending on temperature) on the surface [51]. The process results in an increase of surface resistance. In presence of reducing gases the trapped electrons are released due to the reaction between the gas molecules and negatively charged chemisorbed oxygen species resulting in decreasing in resistance of the materials. When the gas is removed from the sensor environment, the resistance again increases and the material recovered to original resistance.
Figure 7 shows the variation in the gas response of pure and nano-Ag surface-modified In2O3 sensors to H2S gas (10 ppm) with operating temperature ranging from 50°C to 400°C. The H2S gas response of pure In2O3 sensor fired at 550°C was 0.6 at 100°C while that of nano-Ag surface-modified (30 min) In2O3 sensor was 40010 at the same operating temperature. Therefore, the nano-Ag surface-modified of In2O3 sensors was observed to be excellent for H2S gas sensing than the pure In2O3 sensor.
The nano-Ag surface-modified (30 min) In2O3 sensor showed maximum gas response to H2S gas. The amount of nano-Ag incorporated onto the In2O3 sensor surface would be optimum to cover the surface uniformly, leading to the enhanced adsorption mechanism:
The gas response to H2S gas goes on increasing with increasing the amount of nano-Ag up to a certain limit, attains maximum gas response, and decreases with increasing the amount of nano-Ag. The largest gas response in case of the sample (30 min) may be because of more available sites (misfits). The surface of nano-Ag misfit regions enhances the oxygen adsorption on the surface. Thus the number of oxygen species adsorbed on the activated surface would be larger. The larger the number of oxygen species adsorbed, the faster the oxidation of H2S gas would be. The pure In2O3 sensor showed the highest response to ethanol vapour, while nano-Ag surface-modified sensor showed it to H2S gas. The alteration in nature of gas sensing response from ethanol vapour to H2S gas for the nano-Ag surface modified In2O3 sensor could be largely due to possibility of formation of silver sulphide more easily than formation of silver oxide. This would increase the conductance of the film crucially, enhancing gas response. The abrupt decrease of response for the sensors doped with more amount of Ag is probably due to the reduction of active sites correlated with the agglomeration of Ag grains. At higher concentrations, the nano-Ag would mask the entire base material and would resist the gas to reach to the surface active sites, so gas response would decrease further [52].
It is well known that the gas sensitivity is greatly influenced by the operating temperature and the amounts of additives. In order to determine the optimum operating temperature and additive amount, the gas responses of nano-Ag/In2O3 sensors with different nano-Ag content to 10 ppm H2S gas were measured at different operating temperatures. The gas response of pure In2O3 sensor to H2S gas was also measured for comparison. The results are shown in Figure 8. It can be seen obviously from Figure 8 that the pure In2O3 sensor has a poor response to H2S gas, while the nano-Ag surface-modified sensors with different amounts of Ag; all exhibit much higher gas responses than the pure one. Among the entire nano-Ag surface-modified In2O3 sensors, the one with dipping time 30 min (0.38 wt.%) shows the largest gas response to H2S gas, whilst the gas sensing property change trend is similar to the specific surface area change trend of the samples. Additionally, the gas responses of the sensors to H2S gas are also affected by the operating temperature. The operating temperature of all the nano-Ag surface-modified sensors is lower than that of the reported H2S gas sensors [48, 53, 54]. The lower operating temperature could lead to lower energy consumption, while it is one of current pursuits in solid-state gas sensors. Based on the above results, we can see that the nano-Ag/In2O3 sensors exhibit much better gas response and lower operating temperature. Figure 8, represents the bar diagram indicating selectivity of nano-Ag surface-modified In2O3 sensor dipped for 30 min, and the operating temperature is 100°C to H2S gas against the other gases. The sensor is the excellent selective to H2S gas.
Figure 9 shows the variation of gas response with dipping time and the amount of nano-Ag (wt%). The sensor dipped for 30 min showed the maximum gas response to H2S gas at operating temperature 100°C. At 30 min dipping time, the senor would find Ag (0.38 wt%) to be optimum. The optimum wt% of Ag (0.38) would cover the film surface uniformly. The lower gas response at higher operating temperature would be due to consumption of H2S gas by adsorbed oxygen. At higher wt%, the Ag surfactant would mask the base material and resist the gas to reach to the surface active sites, so that gas response decreases.
5. Conclusions
The following conclusions can be drawn from the experimental results (1)The In2O3 was found to be nonstoichiometric and oxygen-deficient material. It showed negative temperature coefficient in nature.(2)The pure In2O3 sensor showed the highest response to ethanol vapour (80 ppm) at 350°C.(3)The In2O3 sensors were modified by nano-Ag solution by dipping technique. The surface-modified sensors showed the best response to H2S gas (10 ppm).(4)The surface modification shifts the gas response of the sensor from ethanol vapour to H2S gas.(5)Since introduction of nano-Ag on the surface would alter the adsorption-desorption relationship of the sensor, the optimum dipping time was found to be 30 min.(6)The surface modification alters only the surface morphology of the sensors not the bulk properties.(7)The surface modification facilitated adsorption of larger number of oxygen ions on the surface could immediately oxidize the exposed H2S gas leading to faster response time of the sensor.(8)The surface-modified In2O3 sensor was observed to be excellent selective to H2S gas.(9)The quick response of the sensor could be attributed to larger oxygen deficiency in the surface-modified In2O3 sensor.
The authors are grateful to U.G.C., New Delhi and B.C.U.D., University of Pune for granting financial assistance to this project. D. N. Chavan is very much thankful to the Principals, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Nandgaon, NVPM's A.C.S. College Lasalgaon, and K.T.H.M. College Nasik for providing laboratory facilities. Thanks are also due to the Department of Physics, Chemistry at University of Pune, and M.V. P. Samaj, Nasik for providing characterization facilities for this research work.
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What's the best piece of advice you can offer to students and fellow parents for surviving the school year?
Master Lock® has hired a new specialist on student life to help students safely and securely navigate this school year in style. The Master Mind, a suave and funny college grad, is staring in a humorous online video series on in which he, along with his clever Little Sister, are setting out to answer students' most frequent, awkward and perplexing questions on www.facebook.com/masterlock.
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Opioid Pharmacokinetics and Drug Interactions in Palliative Care
Thomas B. Strouse, MD
Medical Director
Stewart and Lynda Resnick Neuropsychiatric Hospital
Depts. of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science and Medicine/Palliative Care
David Geffen–UCLA School of Medicine
Los Angeles, California
Optimal palliative care often requires simultaneous management of active disease and associated symptoms. As a result, many palliative care patients are treated with complex multidrug regimens, thereby increasing the risk of drug–drug interactions. Because opioids are an essential component of pain management for most patients receiving palliative care, it is imperative that clinicians understand the metabolic pathways associated with various opioids and the potential effects of disease and other medications on opioid pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Depending on the interaction, the analgesic and toxic effects of opioids can be augmented or attenuated.
- Strouse TB. Pharmacokinetic Drug Interactions in Palliative Care: Focus On Opioids. J Palliat Med. 2009 Aug 20.
- Emmanuel LL, von Gunten CF, Farris F. The Education for Physicians on End of Life Care (EPEC) Curriculum. Chicago IL: 1999.
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The impact of enrollment in a specialized interdisciplinary neuropathic pain clinic
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Association between urine drug test results and treatment outcome in high-risk chronic pain patients on opioids
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PM R. 2011 Jul;3(7):664-70.
A different kind of co-morbidity: Understanding posttraumatic stress disorder and chronic pain
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Many traumatic events leave...


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Eastland Alpacas
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Heidi B517
Pattern, 818811, Chilean
Listed at $6500 by Kevin & Sue Zurin of Mount Joy, PA
Millie is a wonderful multi. She is tall and elegant with a very crimpy dense fleece which comes from her accoyo grandpa.Millie gave birth to another little girl on December 26. Matilda is a cute little girl, light fawn in color with a patch of dark fawn on her neck. Her fleece is wonderful - very crimpy, dense and bright. Millie is a great producer bred to the right herdsire. Millie had a female (her 2011 cria) which has very crimpy fleece. We named this little girl Tillie and she is just adorable. Price: $6500
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Jose Luis Ferrer Archives - Robot 6 @ Comic Book Resources
Comics A.M. | Zapiro lawsuit dropped; Jose Luis Ferrer passes away
Legal | South African President Jacob Zuma has formally withdrawn his defamation lawsuit against cartoonist Jonathan Shapiro (who goes by the pen name Zapiro) and will pay a portion of his court costs as well. Zuma dropped part of the case last week, a claim of 4 million rand for "impairment of dignity." A spokesman for Zuma said the president had more important things on his mind and didn't want to set a precedent that "may have the effect of limiting the public exercise of free speech." [The Citizen]
Passings | The Catalan artist Jose Luis Ferrer, who signed himself simply "Ferrer," died Monday of a brain tumor. Ferrer's work appeared in 2000AD, Starlord and other British comics, but he was an international artist with work published in Germany, France, Sweden and the United States as well. [Down the Tubes]


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Sock Monkeys
Open/punch out pieces from #5881578 Sock Monkey Bulletin Board Set. Also punch out the letters to spell "We're All Smiles In --- Grade!" from #61408 Black 4" Playful Combo Ready Letters. Cover the board with #1982222 Bright Blue Fadeless Paper and use #2613370 Sock Monkey Wide Border around the sides. Using a medium-tip black marker, write the word "Welcome" in the blank banner piece. Center the 4" Playful Letters in the center of the board, and place the banner directly underneath. Scatter the remaining monkey and button pieces around the text.


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Cambridge Associates, LLC
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The X-fit design minimizes the bunching that neoprene and other protective gear materials do as the rider's joints go through a range of motions.
The D3O components utilize the unique flow texture specifically designed to provide optimal freedom of movement and exceptional protection due to the macro-densifying mechanism, which maximizes contact and therefore minimizes pressure transmitted during impact.
D3O is a patented protective material that combines enhanced chemistry with product engineering to produce high-performance shock absorption and impact protection. The D3O components utilize the unique Flo texture specifically designed to provide optimal freedom of movement and exceptional protection. This occurs due to the unique capability of the material to spread the force of impact over a wide area, minimizing its effect. This protector is also breathable for ultimate comfort.
These pads are exactly what I wanted. A slim, well protected pad that looks cool. The sizing is perfect. I got size small because I have skinny legs. I recommend them for all types of riding.
These pads are amazing! They are pretty comfortable. They don't slide down while riding. Also they are Beth durable. I was skeptical of how strong they would be for not being a hardshell, but now after multiple falls on all types of terrain they have held up flawlessly. They do get a little smelly after a ride but that's pretty expected and I just throw them in the washer.