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Don't be caught unprepared by hard bargainers, warn Mnookin, Peppet, and Tulumello in Beyond Winning. Here is their Top 10 list of common tactics.
Worst Alternative to a Negotiated Agreement: In a negotiation, your WATNA represents one of several paths that you can follow if a resolution cannot be reached. Like its BATNA counterpart, understanding your WATNA is one alternative you can use to compare against your other options along alternative paths in order to make more informed decisions at the bargaining table. See Also: Dealmaking Relationship Rules and Business Negotiations, 10 Hard Bargaining Tactics, Business Negotiators – Find the Right Fit.
Learn how to negotiate like a diplomat, think on your feet like an improv performer, and master job offer negotiation like a professional athlete when you download a FREE copy of Negotiation Skills: Negotiation Strategies and Negotiation Techniques to Help You Become a Better Negotiator.
The following items are tagged watna.
Negotiation in China: The Importance of Guanxi
Although most Americans treat those they know differently than they treat strangers, Chinese behavior towards insiders and outsiders tends to be more extreme than in the United States – and therefore more important in negotiations in China than many Americans understand.
Negotiation Skills: Turn Your Adversary Into Your Advocate – The Benefits of Seeking Advice
Advice seeking inherently employs multiple self-presentation tactics (including ingratiation, self-promotion, and supplication), it allows us to improve both our competence and our likability. Think about the last time someone asked you for advice. How did you respond? You probably had at least one of these reactions:
Preparing for Multiparty Negotiation
When you're getting ready to meet with more than one party, the usual steps of two-party negotiation apply.
Dealmaking Negotiations: From Handshake to Contract – Draft the Right Agreement
Some negotiations end with a plan of action rather than a signed contract – for example, a plumber agrees to fix the tile damage caused by his work. Other negotiations wouldn't be appropriate to commemorate in writing, such as how you and your spouse decide to discipline your young child. But in virtually all significant business negotiations, parties should put pen to paper after negotiating the terms of their deal. In fact, contract law requires certain types of deals to be in writing for them to be enforceable.
How to Negotiate When You're Literally Far Apart
Imagine that you're the CEO of a sports clothing manufacturer based in Chicago. You recently traveled to Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to meet with a distributor who has a rich and diverse network in the European sports market.
During the business trip, you both express enthusiasm about the possibility of a joint venture and agree to give the potential alliance more thought.
Back home, you learn that one of your competitors has discussed similar plans with the same distributor.
Business Negotiations: Using Bias to Your Advantage
Articles in Negotiation have highlighted many of the cognitive biases likely to confront negotiators. Work by researchers Russell B. Korobkin of UCLA and Chris P. Guthrie of Vanderbilt University suggests how to turn knowledge of four specific biases into tools of persuasion.
Negotiating for Continuous Improvement: Monitor and Assess Your Negotiation Skills
Many organizations subject their executives to rigorous performance reviews, yet few companies include negotiation effectiveness as one of the core competencies they track. Instead, negotiation is usually subsumed under categories such as "emotional intelligence," or "persuasiveness." The negotiator-related questions posed in most "36-degree assessments" don't measure the right skills and abilities, such as preparation. When evaluators do assess negotiations, they typically rely only on post hoc accounts and overlook the details of the bargaining experience.
Dealmaking: Relationship Rules and Business Negotiations
Here are some concrete guidelines for fostering a strong relationship between negotiating partners drawn from The Global Negotiator: Making, Managing, and Mending Deals Around the World in the 21st Century.
Business Negotiators: Find the Right Fit
When approached by a partner whispering sweet nothings about untold riches and power, it can be tempting to rush through the negotiation process. But if you do, you could find out too late that your Prince Charming is nothing but a frog—and that those glass slippers on your feet pinch. That's how famed shoe designers Kari Sigerson and Miranda Morrison felt not long after inking their seemingly sweetheart deal with Marc Fisher, the scion of the 9 West shoe fortune, as reported by Jessica Lustig in the August 1 New York Times.
The Paradox of Positions
It's not difficult for negotiators haggling over seemingly finite resources to become entrenched in their positions. Sometimes the only way to get unstuck is to think appreciatively and creatively about the other side. Rather than trying to determine why a person has taken a particular position, consider what she wants, appreciate it, and try to deliver it.
Status Anxiety in Business Negotiations
Sometimes in negotiation we are forced to deal not only with the issues on the table but also with concerns about status.
One famous instance took place in the late 1980s, when Robert Campeau, head of the Campeau Corporation and then one of Fortune magazine's "50 Most Fascinating Business People," tried to acquire Federated Department tores, the parent company of the prestigious department store Bloomingdale's.
A bidding war over Bloomingdale's escalated between Campeau and R.H. Macy. Campeau won with an irrationally high offer – but had to declare bankruptcy shortly thereafter.
The Deal is Done – Now What?
At last, the deal is done. After 18 months of negotiation, eight trips across the country, and countless meetings, you've finally signed a contract creating a joint venture with a Silicon Valley firm to manufacture imaging devices using your technology and their engineering.
The contract is clear and precise. It covers all the contingencies and has strong enforcement mechanisms. You've given your company a solid foundation for a profitable new business. As you file the contract, a question dawns on you: Now what?
In Business Negotiations, Talks With Competitors Carry Risks
They say it pays to keep your friends close and your enemies closer, but in negotiation, keeping your enemies—or competitors—close could end you up in court, as Apple's recent encounter with the U.S. Department of Justice suggests.
The story begins back in 2007 when, unhappy with Amazon's low, flat price of $9.99 for e-books, five major U.S. pub¬lishers negotiated a new business model for e-book pricing with Apple, which was getting ready to launch the iPad.
Under the prevailing wholesaling model, publishers sold their books and e-books to retailers like Amazon, which could then set whatever price they liked. Apple and the five publishers agreed to switch to a so-called agency model, which would allow the publishers to set their own prices for e-books in exchange for giv¬ing Apple a 30% sales commission. At least one of the publishers then upped the ante by threatening to delay the release of its digital editions to Amazon unless it switched to an agency model. Amazon reluctantly agreed, and e-book prices rose across the industry to about $14.99.
The publishers and Apple claimed that their goal was to increase competition in the e-book market by opening up alternatives to Amazon's Kindle reader. But the U.S. Department of Justice didn't see it that way and accused the parties of colluding to artificially raise e-book prices. The five publishers reached a settle¬ment with the government; Apple did not.
The Winner's Curse
Ever win something you wanted, then realize too late you got a raw deal? Here's how to recognize when backing away is your best bet in a negotiation.
Imagine that while exploring an outdoor bazaar in a foreign country, you see a beautiful rug that would look perfect in your home. While you've purchased a rug or two in your life, you're far from an expert. Thinking on your feet, you guess the rug is worth about $5,000. You decide to make a bid, but a low one. You engage the merchant in some pleasantries and then make an offer of $1,000. She quickly accepts, and the transaction is complete.
How do you feel as you walk away? Pleased with your purchase – which was, after all, far cheaper than you expected – or uneasy about it?
In Sales Negotiations, Learn from a Seller's Market
With home sales heating up in some parts of the United States, homebuyers are facing competition they haven't seen since before the real-estate bubble burst, and it's showing up in the form of packed open houses, multiple bids above the asking price, and all-cash offers.
To take an extreme case, in New York City, low condominium inventory combined with low mortgage rates have driven prices up 12% over the past year, from $829,000 to $930,000, writes Michelle Higgins in the New York Times. Real-estate agents are capitalizing on the frenzy with tactics like one-day-only showings and tight deadlines for bidders to submit their best-and-final offers.
In such an environment, negotiation might seem futile. After all, if a seller has 20 offers, how could you possibly stand out – other than, perhaps, by overbidding? In fact, there are other ways to separate yourself from the pack, while also ensuring that you make smart financial decisions for yourself.
The Dell Buyout: Michael Dell Weighs His BATNA
In negotiation, your best source of power typically is your "best alternative to a negotiated agreement," or BATNA. By cultivating appealing options away from the table, you free yourself up to walk away in the event of a disappointing deal.
In all likelihood, Dell Inc. founder Michael Dell found himself facing such a BATNA analysis in recent days. Back in February, Dell and private-equity firm Silver Lake Partners announced a deal to buy the company for $13.65 a share. Since then, the deal has faced one obstacle after another, including the threat of a Dell shareholder revolt, the threat of a higher offer from another private-equity firm, and efforts by billionaire activist Carl Icahn to convince Dell to pony up a higher bid. The overarching question: whether Dell would be getting a steal deal, and whether there was any way to stop him.
Types of Power in Negotiation
Social psychologists have described types of power that exist in society, and these types of power emerge in negotiation as well.
Two types of power spring from objective features of the bargaining process.
Why You Should Limit Your Options
An excess of choices can not only impair your effectiveness at the bargaining table but also reduce your quality of life. In The Paradox of Choice, Barry Schwartz offers these strategies for limiting choice – and improving overall satisfaction:
Deal Making Without a Net: Yahoo's Tumblr Acquisition
On May 19, Internet company Yahoo announced that it was purchasing the blogging service Tumblr for about $1.1 billion in cash. The acquisition could put a fresh face on the aging Internet company and provide it with a profitable revenue source—or it could turn out to be another instance of the Web pioneer overpaying for a start-up and failing to nurture it, as was the case after Yahoo bought Flickr and GeoCities.
Negotiate Conditions – And Bring Value to the Deal
Like a contingency, a condition to a deal is a related though far less common deal-structuring technique. A condition is an 'if' statement like a contingency, but, whereas a contingency depends on unknown future events, a condition is entirely within the control of the parties involved.
Negotiation Design Dimensions: A Checklist
Here the Program on Negotiation offers a checklist of negotiation design categories. Whether your overall negotiation design is decide-announce-defend (DAD) or full-consensus (FC), or a hybrid of both, raising these issues is usually preferable to falling into a set of important decisions by default.
We Have a Deal, Now What Do We Do: Three Negotiation Tips on Implementing Your Negotiated Agreement
A recent article in Tufts Magazine by Program on Negotiation faculty member Jeswald Salacuse discusses an oft neglected aspect of negotiation: putting into action what negotiators agree to at the bargaining table.
Normally negotiators focus on the deal-at-hand as well as those present at the negotiation, neglecting other aspects of the negotiated agreement that would not only impact others outside of the room but also require their cooperation for its success.
Professor Salacuse calls this process of putting a negotiated agreement into action "the toughest challenge" in negotiation.
Wheelers and Dealers?
Car salespeople truly understand how to use modest concessions to extract much larger ones.
First, they spend a long time legitimating the sticker price and suggesting that it's not only fair, but nonnegotiable.
Finding the Right Process in India
In 1995, a new government came into power in the Indian state of Maharashtra and canceled a 20-year power purchase agreement with the Dabhol Power Company, a joint-venture formed by Enron, General Electric, and Bechtel. Claiming that the deal was improper and even illegal, the government declared publicly that it would not renegotiate.
Negotiation Skills: Identifying the Winner's Curse in Negotiation
There are two main reasons the winner's curse is a common and dangerous trap in negotiations.
A Cash-Out Transaction: Cox Communications
On August 2, 2004, Barbara Cox Anthony and Ann Cox Chambers, two sisters who together owned 73% of Cox Communications, announced that they wanted to cash out the minority shareholders of their company. Their initial offer was $32 per share, or a 14% premium to the preannouncement trading price of approximately $28 per share.
Away from the Podium and Off to the Balcony: William Ury Discusses the Debt Ceiling Negotiations Facing Obama and US Congressional Republicans
Stewart recently interviewed negotiation expert and Program on Negotiation co-founder William Ury to discuss the aftermath of avoiding the fiscal cliff and the rounds of tough negotiations between Democrats and Republicans still to come.
Keeping the Game Out of Court
Sometimes those on opposite sides of a bitter dispute can achieve great gains – if only they can spot the ways in which they are similar.
In 2001, the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association (MIBA), an organization of five New York-area colleges best known for staging college basketball's National Invitation Tournament, filed a lawsuit against the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). MIBA allege that certain NCAA rules governing team participation in preseason and postseason tournaments restricted school's participation in MIBA tournaments, in violation of various antitrust laws. After four years of litigation, the two parties announced not only that they would settle a lawsuit but also that the NCAA would purchase the rights to the MIBA preseason and postseason tournaments.
The Fiscal Cliff and the Debt Ceiling: Program on Negotiation Chair Robert Mnookin Discusses Recent and Future Negotiations Between Congressional Republicans and the White House
Though Congress and the President were able to reach a deal and avoid the dreaded fiscal cliff, both sides engaged in some tough negotiating which has both bewildered and captivated the United States for months. Given all of the posturing and tough talk, some may ask: Is there a method to this madness?
A Value-Creating Condition Thwarted
In late 1999, with its stock in free fall, NCS HealthCare, a provider of pharmacy services to long-term care facilities, began "exploring strategic alternatives" – code in the mergers and acquisitions world that NCS's board wanted to put the company up for sale.
In 2001, Omnicare, a larger provider in the same general industry, offered to buy NCS for $270 million, a number lower than the value of the company's debt. The deal would have left the company's stockholders with nothing, and talks broke down when NCS demanded a higher price. In June 2002, Omnicare's fierce rival Genesis HealthCare came to the table with an offer for NCS. Fearful of having its deal stolen away by Omnicare, which had just beaten Genesis in a bidding contest for another company, Genesis proposed a condition on the deal. It would make an offer only if NCS's chairman and president, who together held a majority of the voting shares, committed to the Genesis deal and rejected any competing offer from Omnicare. NCS accepted this condition, and the merger was announced on July 28, 2002.
The Story of Goldman Sachs: Negotiating a Vision
In 1986, the investment bank Goldman Sachs was a $38 billion business owned by more than 100 active and retired partners.
While the partnership structure had insulated the company from the vicissitudes of the stock market and given the company a strong culture of teamwork, it had some significant disadvantages, particularly an unstable capital base and an inability to grow by making acquisitions with stock.
In New York, Fast-Food Workers Test Their Negotiation Skills
On November 28, dozens of employees at several fast-food restaurants in New York City walked off their jobs and demanded better pay and unionization. In doing so, they launched what is believed to be the largest coordinated campaign in the United States to unionize fast-food workers from different restaurants, reports Steven Greenhouse in the New York Times.
BATNA for the Holidays? Program on Negotiation Co-Founders Bruce Patton and William Ury Discuss the 'Fiscal Cliff' with NPR
The standoff between recently re-elected Democrat President Barack Obama and congressional Republicans has focused attention on the negotiation styles employed by the two parties as they seek to secure their interests while also working toward the resolution of the current budgetary battle.
Are You an Overconfident Negotiator?
In 1901, J.P. Morgan wanted to buy the Carnegie Steel Company from its founder, Andrew Carnegie.
Carnegie was 65 years old and considering retirement. As Harold C. Livesay recounts in his book Andrew Carnegie and the Rise of Big Business (Little, Brown, 1975), when Carnegie finally decided he was ready to sell, he jotted down his estimate of his company's worth in pencil: $480 million. Carnegie had the sheet of paper delivered to Morgan, who took one look and said, "I accept this price."
Use Time Delays to Advantage
For decades, General Electric and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) sparred over who would pay for the removal of PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, that GE had discharged into New York's Hudson River, a cleanup project that is expected to cost hundreds of millions of dollars. The two sides finally came to an agreement in October 2005.
Simulating International Negotiations: The U.S.-Iran Crisis
When tensions rise between parties, the temptation to escalate commitment to a specified position can be overwhelming—and the likelihood that negotiations will resolve the dispute becomes increasingly slim.
When Time Isn't Money
Due to deeply ingrained gender stereotypes, women may find it easier to negotiate their time instead of their financial compensation.
Consider that men and women are likely to rely on gender-stereotypic arguments to support their demands in negotiation. For women, the gender-stereotypic notion of being caregivers is readily available and likely to be well received. By contrast, men, who generally are expected to be the primary family breadwinner, have less difficulty negotiating financial issues than women do.
Penguin Sues Its Own Writers: When Business Negotiations Become Bad PR
In this business world, it's typically smart practice to keep disputes with key partners private, at least until doing so becomes unfeasible for financial or other reasons. That's why the book publisher Penguin's decision to file lawsuits against 12 of its authors for breach of contract is being widely judged as a public relations misstep.
Setting and Articulating the Goal: Great Negotiator Charlene Barshefsky Shares Her Negotiation Strategy with HLS Students
Great Negotiator Award winner and former United States trade representative (1997-2001) to Japan and China, Ambassador Charlene Barshefsky visited Harvard Law School to speak with students in HLS Clinical Professor Robert Bordone's Advanced Negotiations Workshop course on October 3.
Water Diplomacy: Using a Creative Approach
The case of Jordan and Israel shows how even countries at war can negotiate a water agreement if it is framed in non-zero sum terms and trust continues to be built over time. And that is not the only case of a treaty that has succeeded against all odds to bridge conflicting water interests; the Indus Waters Treaty between India and Pakistan and the Ganges Water Treaty between Bangladesh and India are other examples.
Water Diplomacy: Value Creating Approachs to Water Negotiation
Zero-sum thinking emerges when people conceive of water as a fixed resource – one provided by nature in a given quantity that is either static or diminishing. Based on these assumptions, diplomats often focus on what share of the existing water will be given to each entity. Negotiations of this type typically involve decision makers who are political leaders focused on preserving sovereignty and maintaining state security. They are often unprepared to think about improving the overall efficiency of water use, which, in effect, can "create" more water.
Water Diplomacy: The Role of Science in Water Diplomacy
Scientific and technical knowledge is important in water negotiations, but not in the ways it has often been used. It is counterproductive to use scientific information to justify arbitrary (political) decisions. For example, scientific information about water has increased dramatically over the last several decades, but our ability to manage water resources has not improved proportionately.
In Dispute Resolution, Try Going to the Top
When two parties are attempting to resolve a contentious dispute, the most effective peacemakers may be those at the highest levels. That's the lesson from recent productive talks between President Obama and Afghan leader Hamid Karzai on the issue of rules for detaining terrorism suspects.
Water Diplomacy: Understanding Uncertainty, Risk, and Opportunity in Water Management
When countries face contending water claims, one of the biggest obstacles to reaching an agreement is uncertainty. Specifically, there are three types of uncertainty: uncertainty of information, uncertainty of action, and uncertainty of perception. In part 2 of this 5 part series, Program on Negotiation faculty member Lawrence Susskind explains the uncertainties facing negotiators trying to make agreements.
Mediation, Arbitration, and the Promise of Privacy
Negotiators often choose to resolve their conflicts through mediation, arbitration, and other alternative dispute resolution methods because of the privacy these methods promise. Unlike the public nature of litigation, mediation and arbitration typically give parties the freedom to hash out sensitive issues without the fear that their discussions and agreement will become public knowledge. Two new cases in the news, however, show that privacy is a nuanced issue in some alternative dispute resolution contexts.
Business Negotiations: Cooperate to Claim Value
What happens in negotiations between two individuals who care little about each other's outcomes? Suppose an engineer and an industrial designer are arguing over the design of a car bumper. The designer only cares about whether the bumper matches the style of the vehicle; the engineer is concerned only about how the bumper connects to the front. After describing the trouble he's having with the existing design, the engineer presents a solution that the designer deems "ugly." The designer threatens to involve her boss if the engineer doesn't revert back to the prior design.
Google Searches for a More Diverse Team
Recently, executives at the Silicon Valley-based internet giant Google noticed a disturbing trend: the company was having difficulty hiring and retaining female employees, from engineers to senior executives, Claire Cain Miller writes in the August 22 issue of the New York Times. Women were dropping out during the job interview process and were not being promoted at the same rate as men. In addition, women have lost ground in top leadership positions since Larry Page took over as the company's CEO in 2011. The issue at Google reflects a larger trend, as the percentage of women working in professional computing jobs fell from 25% in 2011 to 16% in 2010. In many cases, women have been leaving large computer companies for jobs in the public sector or with start-ups.
Bring Back Your Deal from the Brink: Weigh the Benefits of a Concession
Another option for dealing with difficult negotiations is to craft what Harvard Law School professor Robert C. Bordone calls a "workaround" – a strategy for meeting your current goals without the involvement or support of your adversary. You might be able to induce a yes with a tempting concession on a key issue, according to Bordone. Offering a concession can be a risky strategy, as it may only encourage someone to push for more. But if a concession would allow you to move beyond that person once and for all, it may be your best option.
Bring Your Deal Back from the Brink: Probe the Other Side's Point of View
How can you figure out the motives behind someone's seemingly stubborn position? Begin by questioning her about the problem she is trying to solve. Deal blockers may be held back by financial, legal, personal, or other constraints you don't know about, according to Harvard Business School professor Deepak Malhotra. A tough stance could also communicate a psychological need that isn't being satisfied.
Bring Back Your Deal from the Brink
What can you do when a difficult person is the main obstacle to a promising deal? There are a number of strategies you can use to bring the deal back from the brink of failure. In a series of posts, the Program on Negotiation will offer ten suggestions.
Becoming a More Balanced Negotiator
How can you avoid being pulled in opposite directions by contradictory imperatives? These three concrete steps can guide you through your next important negotiation.
When an Apology is Most Effective
Some researchers have found that the most effective type of apology depends on the nature of the mistake made.
In a study by Peter Kim of the University of Southern California, Cecily Cooper of the University of Miami, Kurt Dirks of Washington University, and Donald Ferrin of Singapore Management University, participants assumed the role of a manager responsible for hiring a senior level tax accountant. The participants watched one of four videotaped interviews of a hypothetical job candidate. During each video, the interviewer mentioned that the candidate's previous employer had accused her of filing a tax return that understated the client's capital-gains income. In one version of the video, the interviewer suggested that the candidate incorrectly filed the tax return because she is incompetent – she didn't understand the mistake she made. In another version, he accused her of deliberately underreporting the earnings.
Resolving Conflicts on the High Seas
In negotiation over a limited pool of resources, conflicts often spring up over what constitutes a fair agreement. If two business partners are going their separate ways, they might have different ideas about how their shared assets should be divided, for example. Currently, such a dispute is playing out between China and four of its Southeast Asian neighbors over claims to the South China Sea. According to a report issued by the research organization International Crisis Group (ICG), recapped by Jane Perlez in the New York Times in late July, the disputes have reached an impasse that could lead to an open conflict.
Do You Need a Broker?
According to conventional wisdom, you should always hire a real estate agent when you're trying to buy a house. The broker's market expertise will help you decide what moves to make and what price to pay. Because the seller usually has his own broker, the motto "fight fire with fire" applies as well. Perhaps most important, home buyers don't even have to pay their brokers; the seller's broker splits the commission with your agent. Hiring a buy-side broker splits the commission with your agent.
Is the Devil in the Details?
You're close to a deal, but concerns linger. Some of the contract seems less than precise. What in the world does "reasonable best efforts" mean, for example, or "good faith"? Negotiators in this commonplace situation face a choice: push for more precision now or sign the deal and hope the ambiguities won't cause trouble down the road.
Turn Your Adversary Into Your Advocate: How to Ask for Advice
Advice seeking is a versatile negotiation tool, as long as you project the right image and tone. Here are three guidelines:
Negotiating for Continuous Improvement: Report Negotiation Results Internally
To further improve negotiations, a company could publish an internal negotiation newsletter that can be distributed through a secure company intranet. Each month, the person overseeing the newsletter could choose a negotiation involving someone within the company.
Negotiation Skills: Your Good Mood May Work Against You
Just before a meeting with her boss, Cindy peeks into his secretary's office and whispers, "How's his mood today?" When the secretary gives a thumbs-up, Cindy decides the time is right to ask for a big raise.
Roger Fisher Papers Open at Harvard Law School Library
Roger Fisher, one of the cofounders of the Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School and Samuel Williston Professor of Law, Emeritus, was honored on the 8th of April with a celebration of his career, research, and contributions to both the HLS community and the field of negotiation.
Negotiation, Envy, and Lies in Conflict Management
In previous posts, the widespread belief that some people are honest negotiators and others are not has been shown to be inapplicable to real-world negotiations. Rather, because people respond strongly to their environment, ethical standards often vary depending on the context.
Why You Should Question Your Agent's "Objective" Advice in Business Negotiations
You've found a beautiful condo that you'd like to call your own. You conduct a thorough assessment of its value and identify several other appealing properties in the same neighborhood and price range. Believing you've found the magic bid, you phone your real-estate agent.
Bargaining at a Fever Pitch: A Bold Bid
Have you ever won an auction only to realize later that you overbid for the prize? In competitive bidding situations, it's easy to get carried away in the heat of the moment and overpay.
Crisis Negotiations in Europe
On June 5, another casualty in the European debt crisis emerged, as Spain announced that it soon would be unable to borrow in the bond market without assistance from other European Union nations. Emilio Botin, the chairman of Banco Santander, said about 40 billion euros, or $50 billion, in European funds would be needed to repair Spain's banking sector, according to Bloomberg News.
The Darker Side of Perspective Taking
Many negotiation experts recommend that you try to take the other party's perspective, particularly when attempting to resolve disputes.
Recent research by Nicholas Epley of the University of Chicago and Eugene Caruso and Max Bazerman of Harvard University suggests a dark side to this generally sound negotiation advice. The researchers ran a series of experiments in which they asked participants to determine the fair division of a scarce resource. Half of the subjects (the "self-focused condition") were asked how much would be fair for them to take. The other subjects (the "other-focused" condition) were asked to think about what would be fair for others to take and then write down how much would be fair for each party (not just themselves) to take.
Do Attitudes Influence Results?
Many people consider negotiations to be stressful and threatening. Others view them as challenges to be overcome. Do these different attitudes influence the outcomes that people reach? New research by professors Kathleen M. O'Connor of Cornell University and Josh A. Arnold of California State University sheds light on this important question.
Anchor Trials or Balloons in Conflict Resolution
The power of anchors in negotiation has been demonstrated time and again. Sellers who demand more tend to get more. Indeed, the initial asking price is usually the best predictor of the final agreement.
A trio of researchers may have found an important exception to this rule, however; lower starting numbers set by the seller in an auction can lead to higher ultimate prices. Professors Gillian Ku of the London Business School and Adam D. Galinsky and J. Keith Murnighan of Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management found this result both in laboratory experiments and from data taken from online eBay auctions.
The Enduring Power of Anchors
In past issues of Negotiation, we've reviewed the anchoring effect – the tendency for negotiators to be overly influenced by the other side's opening bid, however arbitrary. When your opponent makes an inappropriate bid on your house, you're nonetheless likely to begin searching for data that confirms the anchor's viability. This testing is likely to affect your judgment – to the other party's advantage.
Psychologists Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman identified the anchoring effect in 1974. Participants watched a roulette wheel that, unknown to them, was rigged to stop at either 10 or 65, the estimated the number of African countries belonging to the United Nations. For half of the participants, the roulette wheel stopped on 10. They gave a median estimate of 25 countries. For the other half, the wheel stopped on 65. Their median estimate was 45 countries. The random anchors dramatically affected judgment.
When Umbrella Agreements Spring Leaks in Dispute Resolution
Negotiators tend to want the best of both worlds. When reaching an agreement, they want to nail down parties' respective rights and responsibilities, but they also want to retain the flexibility to deal with ever-changing business conditions.
One solution to this apparent dilemma is to craft umbrella, or framework, agreements. (The term umbrella is more commonly used in the business world, while framework is more widely used in legal and diplomatic circles.) Such agreements set out general principals that will apply to more specific give-and-take contracts in the future. An umbrella agreement between a soft-drink company and a grocery chain, for example, would typically cover issues such as exclusivity, invoicing, confidentiality, and termination. Subsequent short-term contracts would set prices and promotional allowances for specific products.
Conflict Management – Evenhanded Decision Making
As discussed in past articles, anchoring and framing can bias important decisions in negotiation. A buyer may make a more generous offer than she intended, for example, after a seller drops anchor on a bold demand. A litigant who focuses on his chances of winning in court – a positive frame – may be less likely to settle than if he concentrated on a negative frame: his corresponding chances of losing.
Many researchers have studied how such biases are amplified or moderated by mood, expertise, and personality. Groundbreaking work by professors John D. Jasper and Stephen D. Christman of University of Toledo now suggests that our susceptibility to decision biases is hardwired.
Great Negotiator Award 2012
The Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School, in conjunction with the Future of Diplomacy Project at Harvard Kennedy School, honored distinguished statesman and former Secretary of State James A. Baker III as the recipient of their Great Negotiator Award for 2012. Secretary Baker served under President George H.W. Bush from 1989 to 1992.
A panel discussion was held on the afternoon of March 29 and included Program on Negotiation faculty members James Sebenius and Robert Mnookin, as well as Harvard Kennedy School faculty member Nicholas Burns. The Great Negotiator Award was created twelve years ago by the Program on Negotiation to recognize an individual whose lifetime achievements in the field of negotiation and dispute resolution have had a lasting impact.
Specific versus Abstract Negotiation Skills Training
Researchers have argued that negotiators learn more from cases and real-world experiences when they can take away an abstract version of the lesson. Such abstractions come from analogies developed across two or more different negotiation contexts, say Leigh Thompson and Dedre Gentner of Northwestern University and Jeffrey Loewenstein of the University of Texas, who propose that such analogical reasoning be incorporated into negotiation training.
But researchers Simone Moran and Yoella Bereby-Meyer of Ben Gurion University and Max H. Bazerman of Harvard Business School argue that teaching people more general negotiation principles – such as "value can be created" – enables a more successful transfer to a broader range of new negotiation tasks than focused analogies.
Fostering Cultural Intelligence in International Negotiations
In a Harvard Business Review article, P. Christopher Earley and Elaine Mosakowski describe the value of improving your cultural intelligence, or the ability to make sense of unfamiliar contexts and adapt to them. Some people are naturally skilled at determining whether a person's behavior is unique to him or determined by his culture. For others, this process requires more effort. Regardless, this ability is important for successful international negotiations.
Earley and Mosakowski illustrate this point through a domestic and an international example. Peter, a Los Angeles-based sales manager for Eli Lilly pharmaceuticals, was transferred to the company's Indianopolis headquarters. In L.A., Peter's confrontational, high-pressure style was the norm and effectively motivated his sales staff. In Indianopolis, his new team disliked his hard charging ways and avoided the challenges he set for them.
Taking ADR Too Far
More and more companies are inserting alternative dispute resolution (ADR) clauses in their contracts with customers and vendors, and even in agreements with their own employees. ADR processes such as mediation and arbitration can be beneficial for all concerned if they help avoid the cost, delay, and uncertainty of going to court. Mediation, in particular, may offer creative solutions, protection of confidentiality, and preservation of important relationships.
Why You Should Make More Than One Offer
Effective negotiators seek opportunities to create value. By making tradeoffs across issues, parties can obtain greater value on the issues that are most important to them. But how can you be sure you're making the right offer?
Victoria Husted Medvec and Adam D. Galinsky of Northwestern University argued that, in negotiations involving many issues, you can create a great deal of value by making multiple equivalent simultaneous offers or MESOs. This strategy entails identifying several proposals that you value equally and presenting them to the other side.By making multiple offers, the theory goes, you appear more flexible, collect information about the other side's preferences based on which offer she likes best, and increase the odds of reaching agreement.
Cultural Notes
As members of organizations and families, we all know from experience that even people with identical backgrounds can have vastly different negotiating styles and values. Nonetheless, we continue to be intrigued by the idea that distinct patterns emerge between negotiators from different cultures.
Researchers do confirm a relationship between national culture and negotiation style and success. An ongoing research project sponsored by Northwestern University's Dispute Resolution Research Center is exploring the link between process and outcomes – specifically, how cultural tendencies lead to certain process choices, which, in turn, can lead to better or worse negotiation results.
Sacred Issues in Negotiation
In a classic New Yorker cartoon, a dinner guest shows up for the party, hands the host a $20 bill, and announce that this was the amount he had planned to spend on a bottle of win before he ran out of time. Negotiation buffs might admire the guest for making an efficient tradeoff that saved him the effort of shopping and gave the host $20 to spend as he wished. But most people would view the guest's behavior as highly inappropriate. Why?
Being Fair and Getting What You Want
Imagine that you and your business partner agree to sell your company. You get an offer that pleases you both, so now you face the enviable task of splitting up the rewards.
Some background: Your partner put twice as many hours into the firm's start-up as you did, while you worked fulltime elsewhere to support your family. Your partner, who is independently wealthy, was compensated nominally for her extra time.
Negotiating Systems
While most negotiation research aims to sharpen individual managers' skills, there is growing scholarly and professional interest in an organizational approach to negotiation.A systemic perspective evaluates the training, authority, procedures, and resources that manager need to improve their companies' "return on negotiation," as consultant Danny Ertel puts it. Looking at negotiations broadly reveals important design questions.
Leading Horses to Water
The hardest step in negotiation is often the first. Costly lawsuits can drag on it everyone is afraid to be the first to blink. Prospective buyers and sellers can waste endless hours dancing around a possible deal. And in collective bargaining, labor and management teams sometimes paint themselves into corners by refusing to negotiate "matters of principle."
Managing Expectations
Successful negotiators work hard to ensure that when they and their counterpart leave a negotiation, both sides feel satisfied with the agreement. Why should you care whether the other side is pleased with the deal or not? First, because satisfied negotiators are more likely to uphold the terms of a deal. Even a lengthy contract cannot cover every possible contingency, and the costs of enforcement are high.
Powerful Thoughts
For many people, thinking about the role of power in negotiation can be paralyzing. In fact, the same people who are anxious about negotiating in general tend to be anxious about exerting their power during negotiation. Why? Perhaps because most of us realize that power, even when not explicitly discussed, is often the precipitating and driving force of negotiation processes and outcomes. Obviously, power can generate competition and conflict. But when channeled effectively in negotiations, it can be a catalyst for win-win outcomes.
So You Want to Buy a Car?
How can you negotiate the best possible price for a new car? This is a common negotiation question, and naturally so. A car is one of the most significant purchases you'll ever make—and the price is almost always negotiable. Here are a few tips to improve your performance:
Fine-Tuning Your Contract
When negotiators sign on the dotted line, they sometimes worry about the wrong concerns. "Did I overpay?" wonders the buyer as he inks the sales agreement. Across the table, the seller is thinking, "I bet if I'd pushed a little harder, I would have gotten more."
Beware Your Lawyer's Biases
Parties in litigation are often overly optimistic about their chances of winning in court. This tendency reduces the bargaining range for settlement because one or both parties perceive their walkaway alternative (namely, letting the courts decide) to be more attractive than it actually is. According to conventional wisdom, lawyers can help their clients overcome this overoptimism bias by providing an objective assessment of a case's merits and encourage acceptance of a deal.
Small Talk, Big Gains?
According to conventional wisdom, small talk builds rapport and gets both sides a better deal in the end. But in fact, the question of whether to engage in small talk can be highly context-specific. New York City investment bankers, for example, tend to be far less likely than Texas oil executives to engage in small talk at the outset of a negotiation.
Pick the Right Agent
So, you've decided to use an agent in your next negotiation. Now what?
It's important not to rush headlong into the process of choosing an agent—picking the first one you speak to, for example, and sending him off to talks the next day. You need to choose your agent carefully, then establish a clear, detailed understanding of each other's responsibilities and expectations. The following are critical steps in picking an agent and negotiating his contract.
"Are We Exclusive?"
Ron McAfee, a carpenter and roofing expert, spent considerable time working with a condominium association on the design of a new roof deck. After gaining agreement on the proposed layout, design, and materials, McAfee submitted a written bid of $12,500. One of the board members subsequently showed McAfee's plans to another roofer, who offered to do the job for $10,250. The condo association voted unanimously to go with the cheaper roofer, and McAfee was left with nothing to show for his time and effort.
Eyeing the Competition
Ford vs. GM. Coke vs. Pepsi. Oxford vs. Cambridge. These famous rivalries remind us that the top two achievers in a given realm often compete fiercely with each other. Researchers Stephen M. Garcia and Richard Gonzalez of the University of Michigan and Avishalom Tor of the University of Haifa have produced a useful series of studies on when competition between entities will exist—with findings that are relevant to all negotiators.
How to Lighten Your Burdens
For decades, General Electric (GE) and the Environmental Protection Agency sparred over who would pay for the removal of PCBs, or polychlorinated biphenyls, that GE had discharged into New York's Hudson River, a cleanup project expected to cost hundreds of millions of dollars. In October 2005, the two sides came to an agreement.
How Status Conscious are You?
Sometimes in negotiation, we're forced to deal not only with the issues on the table but also with concerns about status. One famous instance took place in the late 1980s, when Robert Campeau, head of the Campeau Corporation, tried to acquire Federated Department Stores, the parent company of the prestigious department store Bloomingdale's. A bidding war over Bloomingdale's escalated between Campeau and R.H. Macy. Campeau won with an irrationally high offer—and had to declare bankruptcy shortly thereafter.
When We Expect Too Much
How often have you heard a friend or colleague refer to a contract as being "in the bag," only to find out later that the deal didn't go through? There always turns out to be a good reason a negotiation fell apart. Yet the fact remains that most negotiators are overconfident about their chances of reaching agreement. A common cognitive bias, overconfidence causes us to have unrealistically high expectations of success, in negotiation and in many other aspects of life.
Learning from the Soda Wars
This past November, in an unusual move, Costco, the largest wholesale club in the United States, removed Coca-Cola products from its shelves and posted messages telling shoppers that Coke products would not be available until the company lowered its prices.
To Avoid Disaster, Plan Ahead
In the midst of the recent financial crisis, accusations of greed on Wall Street have sounded across the globe. Greed may be a significant factor in the collapse of credit markets, but it's not the only one. Overlooked in cries to punish the "bad apples" is the role of a mistake that virtually all negotiators make: ignoring how our short-term decisions will affect us and others in the future.
Making the First Move
Should you make the first offer? Few questions related to negotiation have yielded more attention and debate. The conventional wisdom among some: Don't make the first offer, or risk "showing your cards" and perhaps unknowingly giving away some of the bargaining zone.
Should You Go Dutch?
Most everyday auctions are English: they begin with an opening bid, continue with ascending bids, and end when the bidding stops. But for some assets, the seller opens at a very high price, then moves down rather than up if all bidders are silent.
What Makes Negotiators Happy?
The question above may seem silly. Getting more of what we care about seems the obvious answer. Yet negotiators often don't know how to accurately assess a good outcome; instead, they rely on outside indicators to determine their satisfaction, for instance by comparing their outcomes to those of others. Your negotiated annual salary of $100,000 appears quite different if you learn that others in your position are earning $110,000.
Is Your Agent Faulty?
Top executive pay attorney Joseph Bachelder was representing a client who'd just been chosen as a company's next CEO. After a first session with the board's representative to hammer out a compensation package, Bachelder took his client aside and informed him that he would get everything he wanted from the negotiation, according to the Wall Street Journal.
When Their Agent is the Problem
The benefits of hiring an agent are well known. Yet negotiation experts often overlook the ways in which you can use the other side's agent to your advantage.
Check Your Confidence
Many negotiators understand the importance of estimating the other side's reservation price—the worst deal he would accept from you. However, despite the fact that such estimates often are based on hints, clues, and speculation, negotiators are frequently overconfident that their estimates are accurate.
When It Pays to Delay
Kathy, a serial entrepreneur, was negotiating the acquisition of a boutique software-development firm when a dispute arose regarding the valuation of one of the software firm's assets. Specifically, the firm owned the rights to a technology patent of uncertain value. The firm's owner argued that this patent was worth millions. Kathy agreed that the patent had potential, but there was a problem. The technology potentially infringed on existing patents, and the holders of these patents would almost certainly challenge the firm's patent in court. If the patent could withstand these legal challenges, it would indeed be worth millions. If not, it might be worthless.
Is Your Role Not Quite Right? Negotiate a Better "Fit"
What happened the last time you faced a new leadership opportunity? Whether you were called on to head a team, a task force, a unit, a division, or a company, chances are you negotiated the compensation and perquisites of the appointment—your salary, title, vacation, and bonus. But did you look beyond these basics and negotiate for what you would need to succeed in the new role? New leaders often fail to address issues critical to their ability to perform on the job, including their fit with the role, Judith Williams, Carol Frohlinger, and I learned from interviews with more than 100 women who had taken on leadership positions.
Tough Tactics: Do 'Death Threats' Really Work?
What would you do if someone threatened you? Strike back? Run away? Beg for mercy? Try to negotiate?
Last April, The New York Times in effect held a gun to the heads of Boston Globe employees – twice. The confrontation, say experts at the Harvard Program on Negotiation, offers valuable lessons in handling high-risk, high-stakes situations.
Background: Sixteen years earlier, The Times bought The Globe for $1.1 billion, the highest price ever paid for an American newspaper. The investment paid off at first, then the newspaper business started heading south. In 2008, The Globe lost $50 million; in 2009, it was on track to lose $85 million.
So The Times threatened to shut the paper down unless employee unions agreed to $20 million in pay cuts, lower severance pay, and an end to lifetime job guarantees for certain employees. Half the concessions – $10 million – were to come from The Globe's largest labor union, the Boston Newspaper Guild.
Business Negotiation Skills: Negotiate Before the Damage is Done
Suppose you work for a specialty bicycle manufacturer and have negotiated a one-year contract to buy 500 headlamps per month from a supplier for $10 each, with payment due 30 days after receipt. The seller makes five deliveries; you promptly pay $5,000 after each shipment. The seller fails to make the sixth delivery, however, and announces it will not be able to make any of the remaining shipments because of a production glitch that has made the headlamps extremely expensive to produce. What recourse do you have?
Beware the Pressure of Sunk Costs in Business Negotiations
Think about what your house, condominium, or some other valuable asset might be worth in today's market. Did the price you paid for it affect your answer?
"Ignore sunk costs," accounting professors and economists tell us. The amount of money and effort we've invested in the past, they say, is irrelevant to our future investments.
Who Won? Art Buchwald, Paramount Pictures, or … the Lawyers?
When Art Buchwald sued Paramount Pictures over the 1988 Eddie Murphy movie Coming to America, the widely reported outcome was seen as a win for the late, beloved humorist. But Buchwald actually lost — and so did Paramount.
How an Indie-Pop Band Used Integrative Negotiation to Keep Their Name
When interests collide, some managers dig in their heels: You get your way or I get mine. Others go for a compromise where the plan is to give up as little as possible. Neither strategy is likely to lead to the best outcome. But businesses, nonprofits, government agencies … and even rock 'n' rollers … have discovered better ways, as we shall see.
Negotiating on Behalf of Others: Are Women Better Agents?
Under certain conditions, women may work harder than men when negotiating on behalf of others, suggests a study by Harvard professors Hannah Riley Bowles and Kathleen McGinn, and Carnegie Mellon University professor Linda Babcock.
How to Avoid the "Winner's Curse"
Imagine that at the beginning of class, a professor produces a jar full of coins and announces that he is auctioning it off. Students can write down a bid, he explains, and the highest bidder wins the contents of the jar in exchange for his or her bid.
Dealing with Differences in Attitudes Towards Risk
Even when parties at the negotiating table have the same interests, they may disagree on the amount of risk they are willing to take.
Does Your Company Have to Negotiate with a Giant that Dominates Your Business Market?
Individuals in this position often feel as though they have few if any options. In his February 2006 article in Negotiation newsletter, "Negotiating with a 900-Pound Gorilla," MIT Professor Lawrence Susskind offers strategies for how negotiators in a weak position should deal with a seemingly all-powerful opponent.
The Value of Making Several Offers in Business Negotiations
What's the right number of options to put forward in financial negotiations? In their April 2005 article in the Negotiation newsletter, "Putting More on the Table: How Making Multiple Offers Can Increase the Final Value of the Deal," Northwestern professors Victoria Husted Medvec and Adam D. Galinsky write that issuing three equivalent offers simultaneously can be a good strategy in financial negotiations.
Concealed information in Business Negotiations
The Clearinghouse at PON offers hundreds of role simulations, from two-party, single-issue negotiations to complex multi-party exercises. The following role simulation explores client/attorney relationships and the complexity of information exchange.


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- Tech+ - http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech -
Able Planet delays release of sound amplifier
Posted By Andy Vuong On April 3, 2012 @ 10:30 am In Tech+ | 7 Comments
UPDATE | Sept. 11, 2012 9:37 A.M.: Able Planet started taking pre-orders today for the Personal Sound Amplifiers [3] on the company's relaunched website [4].
Orders will begin shipping Sept. 15, said Able Planet spokesman Michael Zucconi.
That's about six months behind the initial launch schedule.
Able Planet's foray into the hearing aid business has been delayed.
The Wheat Ridge-based company, best known for its noise-cancelling headphones [5], had planned to launch an in-ear sound amplifier in March [6].
But a spokesman told me this week that the so-called Personal Sound [7] product is now expected to be released in early May. It will be available directly through Able Planet [8] and select national retailers.
Able Planet chief executive Kevin Semcken [9] showed off the product at the Consumer Electronics Show in January, boasting about how it will offer those with hearing loss a lower-priced alternative to hearing aids [10].
"We're introducing personal amplification products under the trade name Personal Sound," Semcken said. "Our Personal Sound products will outperform their hearing aids, and they're going to be half the price."
The sound amplifiers will retail for $899.
To connect with Denver Post technology writer Andy Vuong, please "like [11]" him on Facebook at facebook.com/byandyvuong [11].
You can also visit insidetechknow.com [12].
Article printed from Tech+: http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech
URL to article: http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech/2012/04/03/planet-delays-release-sound-amplifier/4083/
URLs in this post:
[1] Image: http://blogs.denverpost.com/techknowbytes/2012/04/03/planet-delays-release-sound-amplifier/4083/dp_upload-3/
[2] Able Planet: http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech/tag/able-planet/
[3] Sound Amplifiers: http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech/tag/sound-amplifiers/
[4] the company's relaunched website: http://shop.ableplanet.com/personal-sound.html
[5] noise-cancelling headphones: http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_16994647
[6] planned to launch an in-ear sound amplifier in March: http://www.denverpost.com/business/ci_19848415
[7] Personal Sound: http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech/tag/personal-sound/
[8] Able Planet: http://www.ableplanet.com
[9] Kevin Semcken: http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech/tag/kevin-semcken/
[10] hearing aids: http://blogs.denverpost.com/tech/tag/hearing-aids/
[11] like: http://www.facebook.com/byandyvuong
[12] insidetechknow.com: http://www.insidetechknow.com
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subset: commoncrawl


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Schoolyard Shivs
Fourth-grader caught selling home-made weapons to classmates.
A North Carolina elementary school student accused of making and selling weapons at school has been suspended and is facing charges.
On March 22nd a 4th grade teacher at Morton Elementary School in Onslow County discovered a student was making weapons out of markers and razor blades and other sharp objects.
According to Onslow County Sheriff Ed Brown, the student also sold three of the homemade weapons to classmates for $5 each.
Both the school and sheriff's office say there is no evidence these weapons were made to hurt anyone.
"It doesn't necessarily mean we have unsafe schools, but I do think it should put us in a mindset that we should be looking at what our kids our doing and what our kids bring to school and what their talking about," said Assistant Superintendent Dr. Barry Collins.
The Onslow County School District says all four students were suspended for their involvement.
As far as how the young boy knew how to make the weapons, authorities say they don't know.


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Cork Stool/Side Table
Mixt Home
Did you know that new cork - the cork that is sheared off the tree for the very first time - is called 'male' cork because of it's poor quality while high quality cork is called 'gentle.' Seems a bit sexist, no? Of course they use the gentle ones to go "inside" the mouth of a wine bottle, but that seems a little male to me so I'm confused.
This side table is made of sturdy cork form Portugal - probably neither male or gentle but definitely a conversation starter. And, on top of that, very easy to move around or even sit on in a pinch.
Dimensions are 11" x 11" x 19.5"


text: AUSTIN MEADOWS (JULY 8, 2009) "Hi Combat, I'm Austin Meadows and I'm ten. I love your bats because I can almost hit it over the fence with your bat. I use a B1 but I'm going to get a B2. I hit a line drive that hit the fence with your bat. I knocked 5 out of 8 runs in with your bat. Your bat is amazing. It's the best bat in the world." |


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Reader comments are listed below. Comments are currently closed and new comments are no longer being accepted.
Spain needs a change of government. The sooner Mr. Zapatero resigns the better for all Spaniards. I am very sceptic that he and his team, whose competence needs still to be demonstrated, can manage to drive Spain out of the current cases. Most of them lack experience and some of them have not even gone to the university. They can only talk nonsense, and contradict what they have said ten minutes earlier. It is just a non professional government and an embarrassment for Spaniards.
The union leaders & the politicians haven't the balls to remind the striking public, that austerity measures, spending cuts & tax hikes are the "new reality" & the sooner the people accept this, the sooner the nation can hope to move forward, again.
Instead the the nation stumbles on in 'convenient' mass denial. But for how long??
I hope all Spaniards are very happy about electing a socialist government who has taken them right into this path of high taxes, high unemployment, low productivity, etc.
The non-strike was purely political and in no way was designed to criticise Mr. Zapatero, the unions best friend. On the same day as the strike Mr. Zapatero gave 1 million euros to the unions. All money given to the unions is tax-payers money. The unions main focus was against the opposition PP. The unions demonstrated outside the PP headquarters in Madrid, but did nothing outside the PSOE headquarters or the president's palace of Moncloa. The unions and pickets did virtually nothing in PSOE controlled areas and were over-the-top hardline in PP controlled areas. In Madrid, several people were injured by mob rule pickets and a lot of damage was caused to public and private property.
All in all a total waste of time that has resulted in lost income for Spain and extra costs for those whose property was damaged. Not forgetting the 5 policeman in Madrid that were hospitalised after being brutally attacked by pickets.
The government has still to condemn these actions. If this is the type of government and union behaviour that the Spanish want - God help them.
Have you noticed the first two comments are the usual in denial responses from Spaniards and the second two from people living in the real world,with no anti-Spanish/Spain agenda,just direct observation?
ZParo, I think I know what you mean regarding the first two comments. Noone will invest the huge amounts of money in Spain that will create jobs until Zapatero is gone and has been replaced by a government/president that is serious about creating jobs. Jobs = income = the ability to repay debts. Financial predictions and statistics produced by the Zapatero government are without meaning because noone believes them any more. Zapatero has lied so much that whatever he says now remains unheard and unbelieved. He has to go. I live in Madrid and personally I don't care who replaces him as long as the change gives Spain stability and starts making Spain credible to investors that can create jobs. I often wonder why Zapatero does not want to do what millions of Spaniards want him to do - resign. I can only think of two reasons: 1) He loves the power and does not want to stop playing at God or 2) He is so involved with the currently undisclosed corruption within his party that he is terrified to let someone else take over and therefore find out what he has been doing.
Mario Men - you have to vote for someone. Unfortunately it's part of democracy which also has the advantage of letting you start a party like Rosa Diez did with UPyD did a couple of years ago. The only alternatives are anarchy and dictatorships which in my opinion are the last thing that anyone wants.
Jean baptiste:
so who do you expect to vote not to go down the road of "high taxes, high unemployment and low productivity"? Maybe PP? That was unexpected! You can blame Zapatero for a lot of things, but not for the roots of the crisis. Maybe you would like a nice tour along the coast of Valencia to get an idea of what bussiness model the PP favours? Marina d'Or ring a bell? The new quarters in the city of Valencia, maybe, with it's half built football stadium and empty conference centre that boasts to be "the best conference centre in the world" in it's front door?
The unemployment rate was what it was because there was vast numbers employed in construction: these and no others are the ones in the unemployment que. If the rest of Europe are having a bad summer and prefer not to get drunk in our over bricked coast line that will add a burden on our economy which depends heavily on tourism -by the way shall we go again to Marina d'Or and see what bussiness model it proposes and by who it was proposed?
The model has been in place for years and favoured by both socialists, catalan independentists, and very very heavily by those of PP. So next time you come with a little half baked snide remark, will you care to elaborate more, or shall we show you for what you are: a right wing leaning demagoge?
Jean Baptiste:
Your remark is obviously disingenuous or misinformed. You should check your information before expressing your biased opinions. Spain is a "de facto" two-party system. Other parties may influence policies if the government is in minority but, except for the Socialist and the Popular Parties, no other has, at the moment, any possibility of winning the elections. In fact, both parties have followed similar social-democratic economic policies and no one has dared cut the welfare state (rightly in my opinion, I'd much rather advance towards the Scandinavian model than the US's). Rather, the differences between the two parties are mostly cosmetic in economy (Popular Party criticizes the increase in taxes, but it is not very clear, if they were in the government, that they wouldn't do the same, and they certainly don't propose any clear alternative to get out of the present situation). The differences between parties show more clearly in their attitude towards religion and regionalism (popular party is clearly pro-catholic and some of its leaders are related to Opus Dei, and they are strong centralists; many people in Spain consider some of their leaders and supporters as bigots).
So it is a fallacy to say that the Socialist Party government is to blame for the present crisis. The Spanish crisis was triggered by the international crisis which uncovered the weakness of the Spanish model, based on real state development and tourism, strongly affected by the downward turn of the economy everywhere. Both governments, the present Socialist Party's and the previous Aznar's Popular Party Government strongly supported this model and carried on with it as if Spain could grow indefinitely by building more and more houses. Both parties are to blame, and you can criticize the socialist party for denying the situation when it was obvious for everyone else, and for taking half-baked measures practically waiting for the situation to pass by itself, but it is not very clear that a government of the Popular Party would have done much better. Their incapacity, for all their criticism, to offer any clear alternative speaks against it.
'The government has revised its unemployment forecast for 2011 up to 19.3%'... The unemployment rate is in this moment (August 2010) at the 20'5 % and the people's number with no job is 4'7 million (according Eurostat). With a GDP growth's forecast of the 0'4 % for 2011 (according The Economist), the unemployment will continue rising and it will reach the 22-23% and 5 million jobless people for 2011 and 2012, because the spanish economy needs to growth like minimum to a rythm of 3% for generate new employs... Obviously, the government forecast is out of the reality, as usual.
I totally agree with Joburg in the need of a chage of govenement. This governement is the worst of the modern history in Sapin (with difference wiht the rest) for its incompetence, lack of foresight, project of future and credibility. The president and ministers are like mediocres amateurs who dont' rise to the occasion. Spain needs yet an early elections...Waiting 1'5 year until 2012 will be simply disastrous for the economy and unencouraging for the spaniards.
With the budget to be expected for 2011, it will be another wasted year ... or a worse version of 2010: too rosy projections, continued central and regional government inaction and bond market and EU pressure will make it very likely that in 2011 Spaniards suffer again pension freezes, tax hikes and public sector salaries cuts (no doubt about private sector cuts!). Yes, there are elections in 2012 and doing that would be suicidal for PSOE, but outside pressure will be, as in 2010, very hard to resist and, anyway, Mr. Zapatero or any other PSOE candidate may be spent options by then.
"Its growth forecast of 1.3% looks optimistic". Ok, can you please check which were economists' forecasts about Spanish GDP for 2010 and which is the real figure now? Why do you take for granted that the figure is wrong when it has been published for the "body" that made the most accurate forecast of all those made this year? I cannot understand it.
It is very humilliating for us Spaniards to see the foreign public's perception of Spain now from what it was six years ago. Sadly, I have to admit that most foreigners writing here are 'spot on' regarding the current situation in Spain.
This so-called "general strike" was shameful. Forced by public opinion, the government-sponsored socialist and communist trade unions finally decided to do "something". Of course, they "forgot" to blame PSOE or Mr. Zapatero for the current economic disaster or the 20.5% unemployment drama. Instead, they appeared to blame common bussinesspersons and the opposition conservative party... Very surreal indeed.
Mr. Zapatero has proven very right something I read some time ago: "a country can only afford an inept government during boom years".
A ray of hope is that now only the die-hard socialist voters appear to believe and support Mr. Zapatero and his troupe of lackluster ministers. However, politics in Spain are so dettached from reason and reality that PSOE could still win in the general elections next year (!!!).
P.S. I wonder if the two first posts were from PR people working for the Spanish Ministry of Economic Affairs... Looks like they were reading from Ms. Salgado's economic policy one-pager!!!
I agree with Vicentra. You should factor in unexpected strong recovery in Germany and back to stability in financial markets (Moody's downgrade is just an alignment of Moody's with other credit ratings, which downgraded Spanish debt back in the summer). The Spanish economy will be greatly benefited by the recovery in the rest of Europe and emerging markets. And the strong recovery in Latin America, where the top-15 Spanish firms have huge investments and customers, will boost both revenues at home and opportunities to growth.
The structural factors affecting Spanish growth will remain, but now Spain is well below its production capacity.
@ junkyardmusician
No need to emphasize that much the economic model of the PP in Valencia, the truth is that PP only governs there since 1995. Do you really think that all those horrible blocks were just built in 15 years? Grow up. I must thank you, however, for acknowledging the participation of others else than the PP in the housing boom. Andalucía maybe? Caso Malaya: Marbella´s socialist town hall? Etc…
High taxes? To start with, regional PP governments have lowered taxes i.e. Madrid.
Instead of reducing pensions, cutting wages, increasing retirement age etc… something could have been done before, but of course "there is no such thing as a crisis" remember?…
There are other ways, such as massive lay-offs of "liberados sindicales"(thousands of state workers that haven´t undergone a competitive exam and are on the state´s pay role in exchange of fidelity ), ending subsidies to stupid NGO´s linked to Pajín and the government (mapas del clitoris, maricones de Zimbabue, pies zambos del Congo), centralizing the State and ending three work posts for one job: State´s , regional governments´ and local civil servants, centralizing the State and ending an endless money squander to Catalan/Basque governments in exchange for support (just seen it with 2011 budgets), trimming the public sector according to real needs. Reducing Ministries (what is the housing ministry for? Does it make sense to have a ministry for education and another for "culture"? Igualdad? For God´s sake!!).
Serious labour market reform, deep structural economic reforms… and above all a decent government that dares to explain the severity of the situation.
Red or blue, which pill do you prefer Neo? Say I junkyardmusician.
High unemployment? Economic models do expire and it´s the governments duty to update them when the time is right; my guess is 2004-5. But for Zparo it was easier to waste our money in nobody-asked-for "social" populist policies and fuelling hatred (he is really good at that: propaganda).
"Public money doesn´t belong to anyone" what do you expect of politicians who say this? Pray
Low productivity? Perhaps we should blame the socialists´ education policies of the 90´s for that (LOGSE rings some bells? Effort, meritocracy and teachers´ status were downgraded to favour socialist egalitarianism; results: 30% school failure, bottom ranking in PISA report…)
Welcome to the XXI century, socialism did die the past century; remember the USSR? China? Hehe he he he North Corea, Cuba, Venezuela? All you left-wingers are just wannabes who obviously haven´t been to Cuba to see the "socialist paradise" and wouldn´t want to live were private property doesn´t exist, and there is no such thing as freedom of speech… you´re just a bunch of bourgeois. It´s easy to live in good old Europe raising the fist, hey?
And stop blaming the international financial crisis, here we have one of our own. That makes two, just in case you are a victim of the LOGSE. Although you´re right in one thing, Zparo is not to blame for the causes, but he surely is for the more than poor management of the "inexisting" crisis.
Dear fellow citizens, is it only me who is hallucinating with Marxist comments like the first two and others or is there anybody else who´s trippin´?
You are obviously out of touch with what is happening in Spain if you really believe the only ones in the unemployment queue are those who worked in construction. Frankly, I am surprised that anyone still defends Zapatero after his almost seven years on the job.
Apart from having no backbone and compromising his beliefs? to accomodate political allies, Zapatero still does not understand two basic tenants of job creation: 1) Creation of employment is directly related to the facility of creating new companies, and Spain is one of the most difficult places in Europe to do this in because of bueraucratic hurdles and lack of capital and 2) Foreign investors will not invest in Spain with the budget deficit as large as it is and still being run by a team that has far and away proved its incompetence.
Yes, one could argue that the PP´s passive approach to being the opposition party is not helping Spain either, but please, don´t insult your fellow citizens by still defending the politics of ZP. FYI, the Iraq invasion took place over 7 years ago, time to move on and forget the politics of vengeance and hate, key bullet points of the PSOE handbook......
Genral Strike?, what General Strike?
Seriously, almost nobody went on general strike. a few industries (some car manufacturers) and that was it. Th service sector was full working.
The so-called "General strike" was an absolute failure for the Unions.
I´m Spanish and I don´t understand why foreign people could say what´s the politic situation of Spain. In Spain, people don´t believe in politicians, in fact at the 2010 elections no more smart people will support a Spaniard´s Party. PP and PSOE are the same assholes and thieves.
The Spanish banks did a good job as well as employers, the industry and the constructors, but not the regional governments who are thieves.
Stress testing America's banks: Not as good as they look
Business and finance
America's jobs report: The winning streak continues
Free exchange
Airline subsidies in the Gulf: Feeling the heat
Buttonwood's notebook
Daily chart: Revenge of the nerds
Graphic detail
This week's issue: Healthcare in America, India's budget and secular...
Free exchange
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text:
All Event Types
Page 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 80 Results
Conferences - March 16, 2010
Jordan Plays Host to International Terrorism Experts for IPI Conference
Panel Discussions - September 21, 2009
Foreign Ministers, International Officials Meet on Mideast at IPI
The Global Observatory
History Points to Rough Road Ahead for Ukraine Peace Deal
Previous deals can help shed light on the future of Minsk II.
Key Global Events to Watch in February
A list of key upcoming meetings and events with implications for global affairs.
2015: Ten Multilateral Events to Watch This Year
A list of ten events that are likely to impact international peace and security in 2015, compiled by IPI's Francesco Mancini.
The Global Observatory, produced by IPI, provides timely analysis on peace and security issues, interviews with leading policymakers, interactive maps, and more.
Recent Events
February 24, 2015
Quantifying Peace
"Peace can and should be quantified," said Steve Killelea, Founder and Executive Chairman of the Institute for Economics and Peace while speaking at IPI's Vienna office on January 24. Mr. Killelea stressed the need for focusing on positive peace rather than just the absence of conflict (negative peace), and outlined ways of defining and measuring peacefulness.
February 17, 2015
ICM Briefs UN Delegates from Eastern Europe, Western Europe, and Others
ICM Chair Kevin Rudd and Secretary-General Hardeep Puri briefed delegates from the Eastern European and Western European and Others groups on February 17th and 19th, respectively.
February 13, 2015
Slovak FM Lajčák: Ability to Listen Is Key to Effective Multilateralism
Sharing his views on topics ranging from the crisis in Ukraine and the role of women in peace processes to the changing role of the UN, Foreign Minister Miroslav Lajčák of Slovakia said the key ingredient to a successful multilateralism is "the ability to listen to each other, the kind of listening when you understand even if you might disagree."
Latest News
February 20, 2015
Ambassador Hardeep Singh Puri Appointed IPI Vice President
September 25, 2014
IPI Remembers Margaret Vogt
August 25, 2014
New IPI Documentary Film on Past and Future of International Affairs


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Marc Jacobs Blue Trim Suede Wingtip Sneakers
The Marc Jacobs Spring/Summer 2012 Footwear Collection looks very promising. Their newest suede sneaker ($545) has a blue trim mid-sole and laced-up front with perforated wingtip details throughout. The sneaker finishes with Marc Jacobs's logo on the side and rubber sole. Sport this shoe with any casual outfit. Is this a must have? More looks below.


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Identify your options
How would you like to work
Your decision to look for a new job may have been prompted by a number of different factors:
- Redundancy
- Uncertainty in current role/employer
- Career progression
- Change in personal circumstances
- New challenge
- New skills
- Increase in salary
Regardless of what is driving your job search, this is an ideal opportunity to consider exactly what you are looking for in your next role:
- Are you looking for a complete career change or something similar to your last role?
- Do you want a permanent job or a contract/temp role?
- Do you want to set up your own business?
- Would you like to return to education and retrain?


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Free Case Evaluation
The Chicago Personal Injury Lawyers of Salvi, Schostok & Pritchard P.C., are proud to announce that we will be offering eight scholarships to deserving law school students who author winning essays in our second annual Law School Scholarship Essay Contest.
Law school students who enter our contest will write one essay. The topic must be chosen from our list of three topics, which are explained in more detail below. The topics focus on:
Our goal is to support students' educational efforts while raising awareness about these important issues.
We were pleased to receive many outstanding essays in last year's inaugural contest. (Please see our list of the 2013 Law School Scholarship Essay Contest winners.)
Due to the popularity of social media and the ability to reach a wide number of people to educate them about the issues of nursing home abuse and neglect, distracted driving and diagnostic errors, we have added a public voting aspect to this year's contest.
We are now accepting submissions. The deadline for submitting essays will be Monday, June 9, 2014.
Please carefully read through our contest rules below and don't let the submission deadline pass without taking advantage of this exciting opportunity.
Good luck to everyone!
There will be eight scholarships awarded to winning essays in the amounts of:
• First Prize | $2,500 |
• Second Prize | $1,500 |
• Third Prize | $500 |
• Honorable Mention (five awards at this level) | $100 |
Each winner of this essay contest will be awarded a check from the law firm of Salvi, Schostok & Pritchard P.C. These funds must be used to pay for law school tuition and / or law school-related expenses.
To be eligible for an award in our essay contest, you must be:
Additionally, you must:
Please send your application form, essay and photo by email to firstname.lastname@example.com by the deadline of Monday, June 9, 2014. Please use "Law School Scholarship Essay Contest" in the subject line of your e-mail.
Essay Length / Limit
The essay must be no fewer than 750 and no more than 1,500 words long. Again, only one essay per student is allowed to be entered.
The essay you choose to write must be on one of the following topics:
Topic #1: Nursing Home Abuse and Neglect
A recently released U.S. Department of Health and Human Services study suggests that one in three patients at skilled nursing facilities in the U.S. suffer injuries, much of which can be attributed to substandard care. Please write an essay that examines these questions:
Feel free to share any personal experiences you may have with this issue, including your observations of a family member's treatment in a nursing home or your own experience as a worker or volunteer within a nursing home.
Topic #2: Distracted Driving
Numerous states, including Illinois, now have complete or partial bans on texting and talking on cell phones (hand-held and/or hands-free) while driving. However, some critics question whether these laws have been effective. Please write an essay that answers these questions:
Please feel free to share whether you have any personal experiences that have shaped your views about the dangers of texting or talking on cell phones while driving and the effectiveness of laws that restrict these activities.
Topic #3: Failure to Diagnose
A study by the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine found that diagnostic errors account for the highest percentage of medical malpractice claims in the U.S. Please write an essay that addresses the following questions:
Please feel free to share whether you have any personal experiences with this issue, including dealing with the consequences of a misdiagnosis of yourself or of a family member.
All application forms, essays and photos must be submitted to email@example.com by the deadline of Monday, June 9, 2014.
The essays will then be judged by Salvi, Schostok & Pritchard P.C. The judging will be based on accuracy, grammar, style and originality. Judges will look for clear, original essays that are logically organized and well-supported.
The judges will select the top eight essays based on the above criteria. These essays will be divided into two groups:
Our top three finalists will be notified of their selection on Monday, June 16, 2014.
On that same date, a page will go live on SalviLaw.com which displays the essays written by the three finalists. A link to the essays will be provided to the finalists when they are notified of their placement.
The top three finalists will then have 30 days, or until Wednesday, July 16, 2014 to garner social media votes for their essays and to request citations (links) from relevant and appropriate sources.
Finalists should encourage friends and family to read their essays through sharing on Facebook, Google+ or via Twitter postings. A specific #hashtag will be used to track the activity.
If your essay is cited and linked to by another trustworthy website or online publication, you will receive credit in the voting tally. Each link will equal 100 votes. However, we reserve the right to exclude any websites from the final tally that we deem irrelevant or inappropriate. Contestants should consider asking your college or university to publicize your essay or ask peers to reference it in their academic work.
Also, please see our Frequently Asked Questions for examples of appropriate and inappropriate citation links.
Shares and mentions in social media sites are encouraged to get your essay visibility. However, these mentions are not counted as citations.
Winners will be determined based on the final number of votes for their essays.
On Monday, July 21, 2014, the first, second and third place winners will be notified of their placement based on voting. On that same date, the five honorable mention winners will be notified as well.
On Monday, July 21, 2014, all eight winners will be announced to the public, and our prizes will be distributed.
Each finalist will have their essay posted on our website, along with their full name, school, photo and bio.


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thermal mass flowmeters Equipment in Tajikistan
Category: Air & Climate ×
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Keyword: thermal mass flowmeters ×
Location: Asia & Middle East ×
Location: Tajikistan ×
QuadraTherm - Model 780i - Inline Mass Flow Meter
by Sierra Instruments, Inc. based in Monterey, CALIFORNIA (USA)You need air flow measurement instruments that provide wide turndown ratio, very low pressure drop, no moving parts, application flexibility and a direct gas mass flow rate measurement. The inline QuadraTherm® 780i is the most accurate thermal mass flow meter for air flow rate measurement on the market today, achieving gas mass flow rate ...
Max-Trak - Model 180 - Industrial Mass Flow Controller
by Sierra Instruments, Inc. based in Monterey, CALIFORNIA (USA)MaxTrak is a family of industrial gas mass flow instruments from the company that has been a trusted name in industrial thermal mass flow meters for decades—Sierra Instruments. MaxTrak will measure and control any clean, dry gas mass flow from 10 to 1000 SLPM, with lower flows and higher flows available upon request.
Cal=Trak - Model SL-500 - Gas Mass Flow Meter
by Sierra Instruments, Inc. based in Monterey, CALIFORNIA (USA)You'll get high-precision, cost-effective calibration with our CalTrak™ SL-500 primary standard gas flow calibrator, the first in our CalTrak line of dependable mass gas flow calibration devices. Fast, primary, and portable, the SL-500 offers a standardized accuracy of ±0.35%, making it an easy-to-use, low-maintenance way to ...
FlowStream - Model OFS-EF - Mass Flowmeters For Gas
by Universal Flow Monitors, Inc. based in Hazel Park, MICHIGAN (USA)Laminar Flow Element differential pressure flowmeters are good for clean, dry, non-corrosive, non-condensing gasses. Corrected for temperature and pressure, it has a mass flow output. The EMI immunity and fast response (5 ms available) make the meters suitable for robotics' applications (painting or welding). A variety of outputs ...
Model CAM 5200 - Flowmeter For Compressed-Air Systems
by Universal Flow Monitors, Inc. based in Hazel Park, MICHIGAN (USA)CAM 5200 flowmeters make localized metering of air usage a practical way to manage a compressed-air system. Thermal-dispersion mass-flow technology gives the meter sensitivity to low leakage flows, while an innovative mounting design makes it easy to install.
Gas Flow Meters
by Absolute Systems Inc. based in Edmonton, ALBERTA (CANADA)For best results with Absolute Ozone generators we recommend using AALBORG Gas Flow Meters or Top-Trak Model 822S & Model 824S, Economical Analog Stainless Steel Mass Flow Meters.
Gas Monitoring Enhancement
by ICM, Inc. based in Colwich, KANSAS (USA)ICM's developed our exclusive gas controls monitoring enhancements to provide improved performance reliability for your ongoing operations. Not only do they reduce the consequences of mechanical or human error, they also improve performance reliability and decrease energy costs.


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My Genealogy Home PageUpdated March 25, 2014 |
THE DONALD McMASTER FAMILY --I have recorded all of the details presently available to me. Any and all help to add to this record will be greatly appreciated. Surnames McMaster-Fahy, Dievendorf-Mallery.Kenfield,Rosdail,Frame,Morse,Cameron and many more. I aminterested in my family roots in Ireland and Scotland. The FAHY/MARTIN Family came from County Galway Ireland . The McMASTER/FRASER Family from County Ayrshire Scotland. Both Families Moved to USA/CANADA in the 1850's. The Dievendorf/Mallory Families came from Germany and England respectively. Both of these families were very early arrivals in the USA. The Dievendorf family arrived in the USA 13 June 1710 while the Mallory Family arrived about 1644. |
Donald M MCMASTER |
Edit Your Page |
My Family History |
Family Tree Maker Reports and Trees |
The content shown on this page has been submitted by a Genealogy.com customer, and is not subject to verification by Genealogy.com. Neither Genealogy.com nor its affiliates are responsible for the accuracy of any information contained on this page. The opinions expressed on this page are the author's alone and not the opinions of Genealogy.com.
© 2009 Ancestry.com |


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Wage hike: What we aren't told
Sunday, April 27, 2014
N.H. Gov. Maggie Hassan has sent a letter to the Senate Finance Committee in support of HB 1403 — legislation to restore and increase New Hampshire's minimum wage. It is our hope her message falls on deaf ears.
(And we would add, echoed more generically by Gov. Hassan in her letter to the Senate).
What the president omits from the discussion over raising the minimum wage is also what Gov. Hassan would have us ignore when she writes:


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Reveler's take note: Police plan heavy presence tonight
Tuesday, December 31, 2013
DOVER — Police will be out in force on tonight, with many officers specifically on the lookout for drunken drivers.
Meanwhile, Rochester police will have targeted patrols throughout the city, according to Capt. Gary Boudreau.
Police said their primary interest is maintaining safe roadways and making sure everyone gets home safe. |


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Re: Reading Plato Project
Project: 67 Name: Peter Amato (firstname.lastname@example.com; 215-895-1353) Department: English and Philosophy Academic Area: Philosophy
Title: Re: Reading Plato Project
Description: Over the centuries there has been some consensus and widespread dispute over the best ways of reading and learning from the texts of Plato. Long periods during which dominant opinions became entrenched have been punctuated by moments of innovative scholarship and the production of new interpretations, opening up pathways both into and outward from Plato's questions and answers. I am working on a new course and few different articles related to the exploration of existing and developing scholarship on Plato, based on works written in English or available in translation.
Associated Independent Study: Such project would involve reading some of the Dialogues of Plato in English translation, a survey of the history of scholarship on Plato, and some articles and books outlining the variety of major interpretations of Plato. I am thinking about maybe running a PHIL475 course of this nature in fall or sometime in 2012-13.
Gained Experience: The student working on this project would see how some forms of philosophical research is done and would gain a sophisticated insight in particular regarding one of the most important philosophers in the entire western canon while at the same time learning about some of the newest and most recent developments in the field.
Outcome: I am developing a course that would run as a PHIL475 but could fulfill a Philosophy Major requirement as a 481 or 485 course entitled something like "Re: Reading Plato," and feeding work I am hoping to do on several articles (potentially leading to a book down the line) on separate dialogues of Plato and how they can and perhaps should be "read with new eyes" as Hans-Georg Gadamer has urged.
Tasks: The student would work on a bibliography of recent scholarship on alternative and innovative interpretations of the works of Plato. I would probably expect the student to do some reading preliminary to this that would prepare him or her for this by outlining the major traditional schools of thought on Plato's writings.
Location: Mostly it will be online.
Meetings: Approximately every two weeks we should have some contact either over email or in person.
Interview Availability: April 16, April 17, April 18


text: El Jueves, 23 de Marzo de 2006 19:31, George Boudreau escribió: > Manuel, > I blocked all/most of the modifications to the command scripts so you > would have a clearer idea of what impact your xsl work would have. I > was adding/removing work to try and track what you were doing and > realized I was constantly running behind you. I will wait for your work > to stabilize before I start hacking inside the master.sh again. OK. I'm just now revising the generated scripts (pure XSL run), comparing it against the XML code to catch possible bugs and needed "nodump" attributes, and removing unneeded code from master.sh at the same time ;-) -- Manuel Canales Esparcia Usuario de LFS nº2886: http://www.linuxfromscratch.org LFS en castellano: http://www.escomposlinux.org/lfs-es http://www.lfs-es.com TLDP-ES: http://es.tldp.org


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Biographical and Playing Info
Given Name: Bradley Richard Hand
Born: Minneapolis, MN, USA, in 1990
School: Did not attend college.
Primary Position: Pitcher
Batted: Left Threw: Left
Major League Games: 20
Primary Team: N/A
Played For
Florida Marlins (2011)
First major league game: 6/7/2011
Final major league game:
Hall of Fame Voting
No Hall of Fame elections.
See his complete statistical record at baseball-reference.com