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Aromatherapy and Essential Oils (PDQ®): Complementary and alternative medicine - Patient Information [NCI]
This information is produced and provided by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). The information in this topic may have changed since it was written. For the most current information, contact the National Cancer Institute via the Internet web site at http://cancer.gov or call 1-800-4-CANCER |
Aromatherapy and Essential Oils
- Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils from plants (flowers, herbs, or trees) as therapy to improve physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being (see Question 1).
- Patients with cancer use aromatherapy mainly to improve their quality of life (see Question 1).
- Essential oils like Roman chamomile, geranium, lavender, and cedarwood are the basic materials of aromatherapy (see Question 1).
- Interest in aromatherapy grew in the late 20th century as a form of complementary medicine (see Question 2).
- Aromatherapy may work by sending chemical messages to the part of the brain that affects moods and emotions (see Question 3).
- Essential oils are most often used by inhaling them or by applying them to the skin (see Question 4).
- Laboratory studies and animal studies have shown that certain essential oils have antibacterial, calming, or energizing effects (see Question 5).
- Aromatherapy research with cancer patients has mainly studied its effect on other health conditions and quality-of-life issues such as cancer-related symptoms, stress, and anxiety.There are no studies discussing aromatherapy as a treatment for cancer.(see Question 6).
- Safety testing on essential oils has found very few bad side effects. Lavender and tea tree oils have been found to have some hormone-like effects (see Question 7).
- Aromatherapy products do not need approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration because no specific medical claims are made (see Question 8).
Questions and Answers About Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils from plants to support and balance the mind, body, and spirit. It is used by patients with cancer mainly as a form of supportive care that may improve quality of life and reduce stress and anxiety. Aromatherapy may be combined with other complementary treatments like massage therapy and acupuncture, as well as with standard treatments.
Essential oils (also known as volatile oils) are the basic materials of aromatherapy. They are made from fragrant essences found in many plants. These essences are made in special plant cells, often under the surface of leaves, bark, or peel, using energy from the sun and elements from the air, soil, and water. If the plant material is crushed, the essence and its unique fragrance are released.
When essences are extracted from plants in natural ways, they become essential oils. They may be distilled with steam and/or water, or mechanically pressed. Oils that are made with chemical processes are not considered true essential oils.
There are many essential oils used in aromatherapy, including Roman chamomile, geranium, lavender, tea tree, lemon, cedarwood, and bergamot. Each type of essential oil has a different chemical structure that affects how it smells, how it is absorbed, and how it is used by the body. Even varieties of plants within the same species may have chemical structures different from each other because they are grown or harvested in different ways or locations.
Essential oils are very concentrated. For example, it takes about 220 lbs of lavender flowers to make about 1 pound of essential oil. Essential oils are very volatile, evaporating quickly when they come in contact with air.
What is the history of the discovery and use of aromatherapy as a complementary and alternative treatment for cancer?Fragrant plants have been used in healing practices for thousands of years across many cultures, including ancient China, India, and Egypt. Ways to extract essential oils from plants were first discovered during the Middle Ages.
The history of modern aromatherapy began in the early 20th century, when French chemist Rene Gattefosse coined the term "aromatherapie" and studied the effects of essential oils on many kinds of diseases. In the 1980s and 1990s, aromatherapy was rediscovered in Western countries as interest in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) began to grow.
What is the theory behind the claim that aromatherapy is useful in treating cancer?Aromatherapy is generally not suggested as a treatment for cancer, but as a form of supportive care to manage symptoms of cancer or side effects of cancer treatment. There are different theories about how aromatherapy and essential oils work. One theory is that smell receptors in the nose may respond to the smells of essential oils by sending chemical messages along nerve pathways to the brain's limbic system, which affects moods and emotions. Imaging studies in humans help show the effects of smells on the limbic system and its emotional pathways. Another theory suggests that because essential oils are extracted from whole aromatic plants, they have a life force or vitality that can affect the body in unique ways.
How is aromatherapy administered?Aromatherapy is most often used in one of two ways:
- Inhalation (taking into the body by breathing). This can be done by using a diffuser or placing drops of essential oils near the patient.
- Topical treatment (applied to the surface of the body), usually in a diluted form. This can be done by massaging with essential oils diluted in a carrier oil, or by using essential oils in bathwater, lotions, or dressings.
Aromatherapy is rarely taken by mouth.
There are some essential oils commonly chosen to treat specific conditions. However, the types of oils used and the ways they are combined may vary, depending on the experience and training of the aromatherapist. This lack of standard methods has led to conflicting research on the effects of aromatherapy.
Have any preclinical (laboratory or animal) studies been conducted using aromatherapy?Many studies of essential oils have found that they have antibacterial effects when applied to the skin. In addition, studies in rats have shown that different essential oils can be calming or energizing. When rats were exposed to certain fragrances under stressful conditions, their behavior and immune responses were improved.
One study showed that after essential oils were inhaled, markers of the fragrance compounds were found in the bloodstream, suggesting that aromatherapy affects the body directly like a drug, rather than indirectly through the central nervous system.
Have any clinical trials (research studies with people) of aromatherapy been conducted?Clinical trials of aromatherapy have mainly studied its use in the treatment of stress, anxiety, and other health-related conditions in seriously ill patients. Several clinical trials of aromatherapy in patients with cancer have been published with mixed results.
A few early studies have shown that aromatherapy may improve quality of life in patients with cancer. Some patients receiving aromatherapy have reported improvement in symptoms such as nausea or pain, and have lower blood pressure, pulse, and respiratory rates.
A small study of tea tree oil as a topical treatment to clear antibiotic-resistant MRSA bacteria from the skin of hospital patients found that it was as effective as the standard treatment.
No studies in scientific or medical literature discuss aromatherapy as a treatment for cancer.
Have any side effects or risks been reported from aromatherapy?Safety testing on essential oils shows very few bad side effects or risks when they are used as directed. Some essential oils have been approved as ingredients in food and are classified as GRAS (generally recognized as safe) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, within specific limits. Eating large amounts of essential oils is not recommended.
Allergic reactions and skin irritation may occur in aromatherapists or in patients, especially when essential oils are in contact with the skin for long periods of time. Sun sensitivity may develop when citrus or other oils are applied to the skin before sun exposure.
Lavender and tea tree oils have been found to have some hormone-like effects. They have effects similar to estrogen (female sex hormone) and also block or decrease the effect of androgens (male sex hormones). Applying lavender and tea tree oils to the skin over a long period of time has been linked to breast enlargement in boys who have not yet reached puberty. It is not known if the use of lavender and tea tree oils is safe for women who have a high risk for breast cancer that is estrogen-receptive.
Is aromatherapy approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use as a cancer treatment in the United States?Aromatherapy products do not need approval by the Food and Drug Administration because no specific claims are made for the treatment of cancer or other diseases.
Aromatherapy is not regulated by state law, and there is no licensing required to practice aromatherapy in the United States. Professionals often combine aromatherapy training with another field in which they are licensed, for example, massage therapy, registered nursing, acupuncture, or naturopathy.
The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (www.naha.org) and the Alliance of International Aromatherapists (www.alliance-aromatherapists.org) are two organizations that have national educational standards for aromatherapists. The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA) plans to have a standard aromatherapy certification in the United States. At this time, there are 19 schools that offer certificate programs approved by NAHA. National exams in aromatherapy are held twice a year.
The Canadian Federation of Aromatherapists (www.cfacanada.com) certifies aromatherapists in Canada. See the International Federation of Aromatherapists Web site (www.ifaroma.org/) for a list of international aromatherapy programs.
Changes to This Summary (01 / 08 / 2010)
The PDQcancer information summaries are reviewed regularly and updated as new information becomes available. This section describes the latest changes made to this summary as of the date above.
Changes were made to this summary to match those made to the health professional version.
General CAM Information
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)—also referred to as integrative medicine—includes a broad range of healing philosophies, approaches, and therapies. A therapy is generally called complementary when it is used in addition to conventional treatments; it is often called alternative when it is used instead of conventional treatment. (Conventional treatments are those that are widely accepted and practiced by the mainstream medical community.) Depending on how they are used, some therapies can be considered either complementary or alternative. Complementary and alternative therapies are used in an effort to prevent illness, reduce stress, prevent or reduce side effects and symptoms, or control or cure disease.
Unlike conventional treatments for cancer, complementary and alternative therapies are often not covered by insurance companies. Patients should check with their insurance provider to find out about coverage for complementary and alternative therapies.
Cancer patients considering complementary and alternative therapies should discuss this decision with their doctor, nurse, or pharmacist as they would any therapeutic approach, because some complementary and alternative therapies may interfere with their standard treatment or may be harmful when used with conventional treatment.
Evaluation of CAM Approaches
It is important that the same rigorous scientific evaluation used to assess conventional approaches be used to evaluate CAM therapies. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) are sponsoring a number of clinical trials (research studies) at medical centers to evaluate CAM therapies for cancer.
Conventional approaches to cancer treatment have generally been studied for safety and effectiveness through a rigorous scientific process that includes clinical trials with large numbers of patients. Less is known about the safety and effectiveness of complementary and alternative methods. Few CAM therapies have undergone rigorous evaluation. A small number of CAM therapies originally considered to be purely alternative approaches are finding a place in cancer treatment—not as cures, but as complementary therapies that may help patients feel better and recover faster. One example is acupuncture. According to a panel of experts at a National Institutes of Health (NIH) Consensus Conference in November 1997, acupuncture has been found to be effective in the management of chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting and in controlling pain associated with surgery. In contrast, some approaches, such as the use of laetrile, have been studied and found ineffective or potentially harmful.
The NCI Best Case Series Program, which was started in 1991, is one way CAM approaches that are being used in practice are being investigated. The program is overseen by the NCI's Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM). Health care professionals who offer alternative cancer therapies submit their patients' medical records and related materials to OCCAM. OCCAM conducts a critical review of the materials and develops follow-up research strategies for approaches deemed to warrant NCI-initiated research.
Questions to Ask Your Health Care Provider About CAM
When considering complementary and alternative therapies, patients should ask their health care provider the following questions:
- What side effects can be expected?
- What are the risks associated with this therapy?
- Do the known benefits outweigh the risks?
- What benefits can be expected from this therapy?
- Will the therapy interfere with conventional treatment?
- Is this therapy part of a clinical trial?
- If so, who is sponsoring the trial?
- Will the therapy be covered by health insurance?
To Learn More About CAM
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) facilitates research and evaluation of complementary and alternative practices, and provides information about a variety of approaches to health professionals and the public.
NCCAM Clearinghouse |
Post Office Box 7923 Gaithersburg, MD 20898–7923 |
Telephone: 1–888–644–6226 (toll free) 301–519–3153 (for International callers) |
TTY (for deaf and hard of hearing callers): 1–866–464–3615 |
Fax: 1–866–464–3616 |
E-mail: email@example.com |
Web site: http://nccam.nih.gov |
NCCAM and the NIH National Library of Medicine (NLM) jointly developed CAM on PubMed, a free and easy-to-use search tool for finding CAM-related journal citations. As a subset of the NLM's PubMed bibliographic database, CAM on PubMed features more than 230,000 references and abstracts for CAM-related articles from scientific journals. This database also provides links to the Web sites of over 1,800 journals, allowing users to view full-text articles. (A subscription or other fee may be required to access full-text articles.) CAM on PubMed is available through the NCCAM Web site. It can also be accessed through NLM PubMed bibliographic database by selecting the "Limits" tab and choosing "Complementary Medicine" as a subset.
The NCI Office of Cancer Complementary and Alternative Medicine (OCCAM) coordinates the activities of the NCI in the area of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). OCCAM supports CAM cancer research and provides information about cancer-related CAM to health providers and the general public via the NCI Web site.
U.S. residents may call the NCI Cancer Information Service toll free at 1-800-4-CANCER (1-800-422-6237) Monday through Friday from 9:00 am to 4:30 pm. A trained Cancer Information Specialist is available to answer your questions.
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates drugs and medical devices to ensure that they are safe and effective.
Food and Drug Administration |
5600 Fishers Lane |
Rockville, MD 20857 |
Telephone: 1–888–463–6332 (toll free) |
Web site: http://www.fda.gov/ |
The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforces consumer protection laws. Publications available from the FTC include:
- Who Cares: Sources of Information About Health Care Products and Services
- Fraudulent Health Claims: Don't Be Fooled
Consumer Response Center |
Federal Trade Commission |
Washington, DC 20580 |
Telephone: 1-877-FTC-HELP (1-877-382-4357) (toll free) |
TTY (for deaf and hearing impaired callers): 202-326-2502 |
Web site: http://www.ftc.gov/ |
Date Last Modified: 2010-01-08
If you want to know more about cancer and how it is treated, or if you wish to know about clinical trials for your type of cancer, you can call the NCI's Cancer Information Service at 1-800-422-6237, toll free. A trained information specialist can talk with you and answer your questions.


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Plan Specification: HHF-5546
Total Square Footage: 3,423Main Level: 1,974Second Level: 1,449Bedrooms: 3Baths: 3Garages: 3Width: 63 ft Depth: 49 ftFoundation: Daylight Basement-Included, Slab Foundation-Included
© copyright by designer |
Plan: HHF-5546Shades of the International style movement are evident in this spectacular contemporary home. Its hillside-friendly nature, multiple balconies and foundation stonework make it the perfect choice for the discriminating homeowner. Begin your tour of the home by entering through an attractive sidelit entry door to the foyer with nine-foot ceiling. On the left is a dining hall for formal occasions; on the right is a two-story living room with through-fireplace to the den. A wide deck opens from the living room and stretches to the den to overlook the front of the property. More casual living is to the back of the plan: a family room/nook combination and an amply appointed island kitchen. A full bath at the back of the plan (near a laundry room) allows the den to serve as a guest room if needed. The master suite is on the upper level as are two family bedrooms. Each bedroom has its own walk-in closet. The master suite features a bath with walk-in shower, spa tub, compartmented toilet and dual sinks. The garage lies on the lower level and contains more than enough space for a well-equipped workshop.
Additional Images
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Key Features
© copyright by designer First Floor Plan: © copyright by designer Second Floor Plan: © copyright by designer Lower Level: Top Plan Details

subset: commoncrawl


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ASHLAND, Ore. — The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife said there's a simple solution to dealing with bears wandering through neighborhoods in Ashland: don't feed them, whether it's on purpose or by accident.
The Ashland Parks and Recreation Department had received multiple reports of cinnamon-colored black bears being seen in the Glenview area, as well as around the higher elevations in Lithia Park. Aside from knocking over some trash cans and getting into yards and compost piles, the animals have not caused any serious incidents.
The bears typically roam out of the hills and into neighborhoods in search of food, according to Mark Vargas with ODFW. The bears are attracted to food smells from trash, barbeque pits, dog food, and bird feeders. Vargas said people should not leave any food out, in order to discourage the bears from approaching homes.
"That alone will help solve most of the issues," he said.
If someone spots a bear, Vargas recommends people back away slowly and leave the animal alone, while keeping small children and pets close by. If the animal is being aggressive by showing its teeth or acting like it will charge, Vargas recommends calling ODFW or police, who will likely euthanize the animal. Vargas said bear attacks are rare in Oregon, and would likely only happen if the animal is wounded.


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Featured Profile
Lori Mack
WNPR Senior Producer, The Faith Middleton Show
Connecticut Public Broadcasting Network
Lori edits and produces interviews for the award-winning Faith Middleton Show. She came to WNPR after working for WCBS Radio in New York City. She was News Operations Coordinator, and covered stories for one of the nation's largest AM news stations. She went on to work as a reporter and afternoon news anchor with WWYZ and WATR in Waterbury, Connecticut. Lori also helped to start a morning drive show for the Fox News Radio Network in New York. She lives in Branford, and enjoys playing rock 'n roll with other WNPR musicians.
Recent Contributions by Lori Mack
- The Book Show: Larry Doyle
- The Home Show
- The Food Schmooze: Martha Stewart Living Cookbook
- Global Warming; Blues Challenge; Kevin O'Connor
- Picasso; History of the FBI; The Great Upheaval
- Teddy Roosevelt, Art that Heals, and HistoRx
- Gourmet pot luck on The Food Schmooze
- Author Wally Lamb; Anthony Kronman on Education
- Waiting for a soldier's return; "Shattered Peace"
- Exploring Hawaii; a look back at the CIA


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Jim Leyland argues with umpire Paul Emmel during a game last week.
Tigers manager Jim Leyland argues a call on Monday, May 28, 2012 against the Boston Red Sox. Instant replay will be expanded for the 2013 season.
Tigers manager Jim Leyland argues after being thrown out of the game by umpire Chris Guccione in the second inning at Fenway Park on Monday in Boston.
Detroit Tigers manager Jim Leyland (10) reacts after being ejected from the game during the second inning against the Boston Red Sox at Fenway Park
"This is a perfect time to show that we mean business and I think this suspension is way, way too light," Jim Leyland said.
Tigers pitcher Justin Verlander, accepting congratulations from manager Jim Leyland, won just about everything in sight last season -- including 24 regular-season games, two playoff games and the American League Cy Young and MVP awards.
Detroit manager Jim Leyland argues with home plate umpire Angel Hernandez after being ejected in the eighth inning of the Tigers' 8-3 loss to the Minnesota Twins in Detroit. The Twins' victory kept them alive in the AL Central playoff race.


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write word document onlineAdded 27/4/2012
For more photo Online Word Processor to create, edit and shared documents easily. Get rid of your desktop word processors.Create and share your work online and access your documents from anywhere. Manage documents, spreadsheets, presentations, surveys, and more all in one ...Edit documents with friends and see changes as they type. Care to comment? Comment on a word, paragraph or image to give context to your discussion.www.docs.google.com is good. You can make word documents, powerpoints, and excel spreadsheets. I have used it and it is good because you can ...An online word processor offers data security since documents can be stored online ... Description: A very feature-rich online word processor, Zoho Writer can do ...Just write. Writer will take care of saving your work automatically every few minutes, when you start a new document, and when you open a different document.14 Dec 2007 ... An online word processor gives you the ability to create, edit, save, and access your documents from anywhere. The best ones also allow you ...28 Jan 2008 ... You can create Word 2007 docx documents online without Office 2007. This trick can also be used to convert doc to docx format.How to Write Word Documents Online. Developed by Microsoft, Word is one of the worldy's most widely used word processing tools. It lets users create many ...Article Attach a template to an existing document to change the format, ... Article Learn how to create a flow chart in either Word 2003 or PowerPoint 2003.27 Oct 2011 ... If you want to create or edit Microsoft Word (.doc and .docx formats) and PDF documents without having installed Microsoft Word or Adobe ...10 Dec 2007 ... Letting people continue writing in Word and auto-syncing to Office Live plays to Microsofty's strengths and makes online document sharing easy.Collaborate with others who dony't own Word; Store your documents online and ... Document Support (importing): RTF, Word, plain text, OpenOffice Writer.Online Store right arrow. Software Licenses ... Scientific Word Version 5.5 makes creating professional documents easy. With Scientific ... as LaTeX files. You can concentrate on writing a correct paper; Scientific Word makes it a beautiful one.Create a Word document from FileMaker - posted in XML/XSL: Hi forum, I am developing a solution called Litlink used to work with ...How to Create Microsoft Word Documents Online. Microsoft Word, the word processing software that is part of the Microsoft Office suite, is a popular word ...20 Jun 2008 ... A.nnotate and (online) word processors for document collaboration ... It is not an online word processor (like Google docs / Zoho writer ...Committed to create modern, user-friendly and attractive Online FlipBook from ... Make Word document into flash page flipping book with magical Flipping book ...14 Oct 2010 ... Publish Word documents online? Does it make sense to create documents, e.g. tables, in Word and to then transfer them to a website by simply ...In this way, you can monitor who is opening your PDF files online, when and from .... While it is actually commonly a fantastic plan to write so as from begin to ... Did it ever occur to you why people convert word documents into PDF format?24 Aug 2011 ... Online Applications to create and edit Word Documents. 1. GoogleDocs. Easily the most popular online application for creating online ...29 Jul 2009 ... Google Docs and Adobe Buzzword are good moves to bring a lot of office documents online. Online word processing applications offer distinct ...Designed to give you the finest document-formatting tools, Word 2010 also helps you easily organize and write your documents more efficiently, and stay within ...Is it possible to read and write Word (2003 and 2007) files in PHP .... be online for testing the Files also does not have enough examples for its ...Comment on, edit, and fill out PDFs, Word documents, images and more. Highlight text and add comments using our free online document annotator.GoogleDocs Online word processing documents, presentations and spreadsheets. Create and store online or upload existing documents and then edit ...Write yy Cite. Now that you have several entries in your library, lety's practice inserting them into a word processing document. To do this you will need to open ...Can I recover lost text from a Microsoft Word document? - Free tech ... When I write proposals, ity's pretty often that MS Word will catch me in this kind of mistake.12 Jan 2012 ... As a registered user of The Wall Street Journal Online, you will be able to: ... They let you create or edit genuine Word documents, Excel ...Like i can select a file from the word document and contents of the work document should be shown in the webpage. Is there any option for any ... Tags : write word document online
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Bruce Springsteen and The E Street Band have been performing since the 1970s across the world.
Bruce Springsteen performs with Jake Clemons, left, nephew of former E Street Band member Clarence Clemons at the Hard Rock Calling Festival in London''s Hyde Park on July 14.
Bruce Springsteen performs with the E Street Band during a concert in Oslo.
ORG XMIT: 147326806 LONDON, ENGLAND - JULY 14: Bruce Springsteen and Steven Van Zandt perform live on stage during the second day of Hard Rock Calling at Hyde Park on July 14, 2012 in London, England. (Photo by Jim Dyson/Getty Images) ORIG FILE ID: 148342978
ORG XMIT: 146928175 NEWPORT, UNITED KINGDOM - JUNE 24: Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band headline the main stage on day 4 of The Isle of Wight Festival at Seaclose Park on June 24, 2012 in Newport, Isle of Wight.
Bruce Springsteen and Patti Scialfa at the Toronto International Film Festival in Toronto on Sept. 14, 2010.
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band perform "We Take Care of Our Own" at the 2012 Grammy Awards at the Staples Center.
Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band perform during the Wrecking Ball tour.
Bruce Springsteen is on tour promoting ''Wrecking Ball,'' his latest album.
Bruce Springsteen and E Street Band perform during their Wrecking Ball tour concert in Boston.
Bruce Springsteen performs with the E Street Band during the SXSW Music Festival in Austin, Texas on Thursday, March 15, 2012.
Bruce Springsteen performs on Jan. 14 in Asbury Park, N.J.
Bruce Springsteen''s album cover.
Bruce Springsteen performs Jan. 14 at the Paramount Theatre in Asbury Park, New Jersey.
Bruce Springsteen performs at Sting''s 25th Anniversary/60th Birthday Concert to Benefit Robin Hood Foundation at Beacon Theatre on Oct. 1 in New York City.
Clarence Clemons and Bruce Springsteen on stage.
Bruce Springsteen, The Promise: The Darkness On the Edge of Town Story; three CDs, three DVDs (Columbia, $120)
The Boss and company revisit his 1978 album with nearly six hours of footage. Included, in addition to the remastered Darkness, are a classic concert performance from that year, 21 previously unreleased songs -- with Springsteen's versions of Fire and Because the Night, hits he wrote for the Pointer Sisters and Patti Smith -- and a documentary (previously seen on HBO and at the Tribeca Film Festival) showing Bruce and the E Street gang then and now. Springsteen contributes a new essay, while an 80-page notebook re-creates his thoughts and ideas (and handwriting) from way back when.
In May of 1978, Bruce Springsteen began a tour in support of his yet-to-be-released album Darkness on the Edge of Town. The tour would last through Jan. 1, 1979, and would cement Springsteen and the E Street Band's status as one of the great live rock 'n' roll acts.
On Thursday, HBO will air the documentary The Promise: The Making of Darkness on the Edge of Town. The film and assorted musical tie-ins will be available for purchase in November.
Springsteen is seen here playing at the Montreal Forum on Nov. 8, 1978.
Pete Seeger, center, gets an all-star chorus courtesy of Joan Baez, left, Bruce Springsteen, Patty Scialfa, Tom Morello and Dave Matthews at a Sunday concert in New York that doubled as a benefit for his environmental charity and his 90th birthday party.
Bruce Springsteen and Julia Roberts flank Tom Hanks and his wife, Rita Wilson, at the Film Society of Lincoln Center's tribute to the actor/producer/director Monday in New York. He received Lincoln Center's Chaplin Prize.
Springsteen wrote the theme for 1993's Philadelphia, for which Hanks won his first Oscar. Roberts co-starred with him in 2007's Charlie Wilson's War.
Bruce Springsteen and Steven Van Zandt participate in a pre-Super Bowl news conference Thursday in Tampa.
The Boss and the E Street Band are this year's halftime act.
Bruce Springsteen, center, and Beyoncé embrace during America the Beautiful, the closing number of Sunday's We Are One inaugural concert on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C.
To Springsteen's left is folk icon Pete Seeger, who led the crowd through This Land Is Your Land. To Beyoncé's right is will.i.am, who teamed up with Sheryl Crow and Herbie Hancock for a rendition of Bob Marley's One Love.
Bruce Springsteen and Whoopi Goldberg team up on stage at the Stand Up for Heroes benefit.
They auctioned off one of his guitars, raising $50,000 for Woodruff's foundation.
Bruce Springsteen jams during a concert in Madrid.
Bruce Springsteen moved his tour to Spain Monday, playing to fans in San Sebastian.


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Paris Must See Tour and Lunch CruiseThis is a four hours tour that will help you discover Paris and its history through the city's major landmarks and monuments, ending with a lunch on the river Seine. » Learn more!OverviewParis Must See Tour and Lunch Cruise with Pickup but NO return to your hotel or apartmentYou won't find a better price in Paris, so don't wait! Secure your booking today to avoid sell-outs. All prices include taxes, tips, and services, there are no hidden costs!
Detailed DescriptionDetailed DescriptionParis Must See and lunch cruise is a four hours tour that will help you discover Paris and its history through the city's major landmarks and monuments ending with a lunch cruise on the Seine river. This tour ends at the end of the cruise, there are no return to your hotel. You will start with a two hours Guide escorted city tour by minibus to show you around the must see of Paris: Arch of Triumph and Champs-Elysées, Concorde square, the Invalides, Eiffel tower and Trocadero, Opera, Notre-Dame Cathedral, Louvre Museum and Madeleine Church. Photo stop are scheduled at the Invalides, Eiffel tower and Trocadero and Notre-Dame cathedral. Following the city tour, you will be set off for the lunch on the cruise down the river Seine. A singer and a pianist will intervene from time to time to tell original stories about Paris, its history, its people. Classic French and International songs and music will set the pace for your cruise. Enjoy the capital in a friendly, relaxing atmosphere. The entirely glassed-in boats offer perfect views of Paris and its beautiful monuments. Depart from the Eiffel Tower, cruise along the left bank until the Ministry of Finance at Bercy; return to the Eiffel Tower via the right bank with a turn around the Statue of Liberty. Every dish is prepared on board using the freshest produce by our Chef Yves GRAS, a Member of the Académie Culinaire de France and a Disciple of Auguste Escoffier. The luncheon menu combines tradition and originality. Order OptionsYour ticket (voucher) will be delivered online, paper tickets are not required. Your voucher is the proof of booking and or settlement and you must print it and present it at the location listed on your voucher. You will have access to our voucher desk through a secured link provided in your order confirmation email. Terms and Conditions and Cancellation PolicyTerms and Conditions and Cancellation PolicyBooking changes and cancellations are VALID only when made through us by email at firstname.lastname@example.com. You can change your reservation date at no charge if you notify us at least four (4) days before your arrival. If you cancel your reservation and you notify us at least five (5) days before your arrival, there is a 20% cancellation fee. After this time no refunds can be made. Prices are valid only when departing from Paris. We apologize in advance for departures or returns that are delayed due to unusual traffic problems. Customers staying in private apartments are requested to wait in front of the entrance of the selected hotel 10 minutes before the pickup time listed on the voucher. Cancellation fees will not be waived for any reason, however, they may be covered by travel insurance. We *highly* recommend that you have insurance with *adequate* coverage, including Force Majeure. MenuLunch MenuMenus are subject to change without notice. Additional InformationCruise RouteMore Photos |


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Legendary Jamaican talents to be honoured, remembered at the 3rd Annual CaribbeanTales Film Festival's Night of Tribute
Toronto – July 3, 2008
A number of renowned Jamaican filmmakers and actors will be honoured at a special awards ceremony on Saturday, July 12, 2008 as part of the 3rd Annual CaribbeanTales Film Festival. Founded by award-winning filmmaker Frances-Anne Solomon, this year's festival, entitled Fokus Jamaica, will highlight the works of Jamaican artists and celebrate the island's internationally recognized culture. CaribbeanTales'Night of Tribute honourees and award recipients includeLeonie Forbes, Perry Henzell, Clement Virgo, Ras Kassa, Franklyn "Chappy" St. Juste and Peter Williams. The ceremony takes place at River Restaurant (413 Roncesvalles Ave.) at 5:30 p.m.
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Entries requested for the
the Netherlands
Deadline 31 August 2013
The tenth international Paper Biennial will be held from June to November 2014. The aim of the Paper Biennial Rijswijk is to showcase the diversity and ingenuity of contemporary paper art. Artists who would like to participate in the 2014 Paper Biennial Rijswijk are requested to forward their documentation: a CD-ROM with high-resolution photographs (capacity of each photo between 2 and 4 MB) of (recent) artworks, a curriculum vitae (in English) and details of postal, e-mail and website addresses, to Museum Rijswijk before 31 August 2013 at the address below. In November 2013 an adjudicating panel will make a selection from the entries submitted and in January 2014 the artists will be informed whether their work has been selected for the 2014 Paper Biennial Rijswijk. The CD-ROM will not be returned after the final selection unless a self-addressed envelope is enclosed with the original documentation.
For further information contact curator Anne Kloosterboer:
Museum Rijswijk 2014 Paper Biennial Rijswijk Herenstraat 67 2282 BR Rijswijk The Netherlands


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Inmate dies in Sedgwick County Jail
Published on -11/11/2013, 4:17 PM
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WICHITA, Kan. (AP) -- A 44-year-old inmate has died of apparent natural causes at the Sedgwick County Jail in Wichita.
The Wichita Eagle reports (http://bit.ly/1j06OnW ) the man was pronounced dead shortly before 1 p.m. Monday. The inmate's name and other details about him were not immediately released.
Sheriff's Lt. David Mattingly says officials believe the death was related to a medical issue.
Three other inmates have died at the jail this year from natural causes. Last Thursday, 59-year-old John Daniel Price died while awaiting trial on felony charges. Price had been receiving treatment for various medical conditions while he was in custody.


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Dry Ice Demonstrations
Name: Leslie B. Status: educator Age: 30s Location: N/A Country: N/A Date: 1999-2001
Can you please let me know what demonstrations I can do for my sixth grade science class with dry ice and liquid nitrogen? My colleagues are purchasing these materials tomorrow.
If you put the dry ice in some water it will produce the fog effect, if it rests on a table the fog will spill over the container then when it reaches the edge of the table it will roll off like a water fall, more of a special effect than anything else. As for the liquid nitrogen get a flower and a bouncy (hollow) rubber ball, bounce the ball around then stick it in the nitrogen for a couple of seconds and "bounce" the ball again, throw it to the ground and let it smash to pieces. you can do the same with the flower, when its frozen it too will shatter into pieces.
I do not really know what you'd like to demonstrate. Just make sure to wear the correct safety stuff when playing with both dry ice and liquid nitrogen. Another one may be to use a one liter plastic soda container, put a little water in it then put a piece of dry ice in it put the cap on it and run, make sure everyone is a safe distance, as the dry ice dissolves and goes to its gas phase it will produce enough pressure to burst the container and usually with a pretty loud pop. I would recommend doing this outside!!
Michael Baldwin
Liq. N2: Shatter a piece of rubber tubing, or a flower. Pour some l-N2 on the floor and watch it scatter across the floor on the cushion of N2 gas that flash evaporates from the liquid. Pour l-N2 on the back of your hand for a few seconds. It will not burn because the gas forms an insulating layer between your hand and the l-N2. Do not do it for too long though. And do not try it with dry ice. Show that either l-N2 or CO2 gas puts out a flame. Configure the demo depending upon what you have available. You can "pour" the cold CO2 or l-N2, both of which are much heavier than air at room temperature, on a burning straw or candle for example. Pack one end [about 4 inches] of a length, about 18-24 in. of thin wall rubber tubing, with crushed dry ice. Tie off both ends before they become brittle. You now have a CO2 "snake" that will grow as the dry ice evaporates, and if all goes well, will explode when the pressure gets high enough. Of course do not let anyone get too close.
Vince Calder
First of all, remember that these materials are very cold and cause burns. When placing materials in either liquid nitrogen (hereafter LN2) or dry ice, always use tools such as hooks, tongs, and tweezers. It's best to wear gloves when handling either material. You can handle dry ice in your bare hands for short periods (< 1 second), and if LN2 contacts your skin, it's not a problem as long as it IMMEDIATELY runs off.
There are a lot of fun demonstrations, and some even teach science. One of my favorites from a teaching point of view is to inflate a balloon with air and then to slowly pour LN2 over it. The balloon will shrink to a much smaller volume, on account of the air inside cooling and contracting. Then when you stop pouring the LN2 over the balloon, it rapidly expands back to its former size.
Another favorite to demonstrate the effect of low temperatures is to illustrate the "glass temperature" of rubber. Both dry ice and LN2 are colder than the glass temperature of most rubbers. The glass temperature is the temperature below which the polymer is rigid and glass-like. Find a nice big strip of rubber (a big rubber band will do) and place it in with some dry ice (it takes a while to cool down - periodically tap it with a rod to see when it becomes hard) or liquid nitrogen (much faster - just keep it there until the LN2 ceases to boil so furiously). Take it out, place it on a hard surface, and hit it with something heavy, like a hammer. It clinks and shatters like glass. When the shards warm up, they are just regular rubbery rubber again. Think of other rubber objects you can destroy this way. I can tell you from personal experience that if you choose to use a NERF ball, keep it contained in a plastic bag or something. The little pieces of resulting rubbery dust are very difficult to clean up.
Another fun demonstration with a chemistry component is it illustrate some of the chemical properties of carbon dioxide as well as being fun. This is the conversion of water-insoluble calcium carbonate, CaCO3, to soluble calcium bicarbonate, Ca(HCO3)2. The reaction is
CaCO3(s) + CO2 + H2O = Ca(HCO3)2.
What you do is begin with a dilute suspension of calcium carbonate in water. This will be a milky white liquid. Add a chunk of dry ice and stir until the dry ice evaporates away. (That is the fun part - makes lots of heavy white vapor that kids love.) If you get the amounts right, the aqueous mixture is now a clear, colorless solution. (If it's not, either you didn't use enough dry ice, or you don't have enough water to dissolve the calcium bicarbonate.)
If there is time, you can also demonstrate the reverse reaction, known as the "boiler-scale reaction." Boiling a solution of calcium bicarbonate drives off one molar equivalent of carbon dioxide, forming solid calcium carbonate.
Ca(HCO3)2 = CaCO3(s) + CO2(g) + H2O.
This is the reaction that puts a white crud inside hot-water pipes, coffee pots, and boilers when the source water is "hard," that is, contains calcium and magnesium carbonates.
There are lots more things you can do with dry ice and LN2, but these ideas ought to get you started.
Richard E. Barrans Jr., Ph.D.
Assistant Director
PG Research Foundation, Darien, Illinois
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You are here: EPA Home » DfE » Design Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment (CTSA): Screen Reclamation
Design Cleaner Technologies Substitutes Assessment (CTSA): Screen Reclamation
EPA 744R-94-005a
September 1994
The Appendices for the Draft Screen Reclamation CTSA can be downloaded
Adobe Acrobat Reader version 3.01 is required to view PDF documents. Click below for information on downloading a free copy.
PLEASE NOTE: Some of the documents mentioned in this Section are in Adobe's Portable Document Format (PDF). To view or print them you will need to have the Adobe Acrobat Reader program installed on your computer. The Reader can be downloaded and used with no charge; check here for more information on the Adobe Acrobat Reader. |


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Please call 800-633-7377 for a personal consultation between 8:30 a.m. and 5 p.m. Monday through Friday.
You can also call the appointment center to schedule, change or cancel an appointment or ask questions.
As sports participation grows among young women, so too have the number of knee injuries. A team of Beaumont doctors, in collaboration with Oakland University, have initiated a program aimed at reducing the risk of anterior cruciate ligament tears and other lower extremity injuries in female high school and college athletes.
The "Female Sports Medicine Injury Prevention Program," consists of a risk screening followed by the implementation of a personalized program to help reduce the risk of future injury.
"Female athletes are at increased risk for certain lower extremity injuries when compared to males," says Joe Guettler, M.D., orthopedic surgeon and director of Sports Medicine Education and Research at Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak. "There is an epidemic of ACL tears, as well as other injuries of the knee, ankle, and leg. Studies have shown that female athletes participating in sports like soccer or basketball are three to five-times more likely to injure their ACL than males. The majority of these injuries are occurring in women between the ages 15 and 25."
In 1972, only one in 27 girls participated in high school sports. Today, nearly one in two high school girls head onto the field, court or track after school. Female athletes at risk include those who engage in jumping, cutting and agility sports such as soccer, basketball, skiing and volleyball.
"Research has shown that the two main predictive factors for injury relate to the way female athletes are built - factors we can't control. And even more important, issues relating to strength, dexterity and agility - factors we can control," adds Dr. Guettler, member of Beaumont's screening team. "Our program focuses on the latter, reducing the number of injuries to younger women."
Explains Dr. Guettler, "One of the most commonly injured structures in the knees of female athletes is the ACL. It's one of two large ligaments in the middle of the knee. It provides stability and allows athletes to jump, cut, and pivot without the knee buckling. The injury usually occurs during a cut or pivot. Athletes report that the knee twisted, shifted, dislocated or popped. Subsequent to the injury, swelling and stiffness usually occur within 24 hours. If the injury is ignored, many go on to have instability of the knee."
The good news - experts agree that training programs that teach proper landing methods and basic injury prevention techniques can decrease the risk of ACL injury. Below are some tips from Dr. Guettler that may reduce the risk of injury:
Taking precautions can go a long way in helping athletes avoid the female knee injury epidemic.
The Beaumont Hospitals provide a full spectrum of specialized care in the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of all orthopaedic injuries and conditions. Beaumont's department of Orthopaedic Surgery offers leading-edge treatments and technology including minimally invasive surgery, implants and trauma surgery. Beaumont is Michigan's most experienced orthopaedic hospital specializing in surgeries of the back, neck, foot, ankle, hand and upper extremities; hip and knee replacement; scoliosis treatment; tumor surgery; pediatric orthopaedics; and sports medicine. The Beaumont Hospitals in Royal Oak and Grosse Pointe are ranked among the 2009 "American's Best Hospitals" for orthopedic care by U.S. News and World Report.
News story ideas for reporters, producers and editors.
A Beaumont media relations contact is always available. Call the main office from 8:30 a.m.-5 p.m. weekdays. After hours, weekends and holidays, call 248-898-5000 and ask for contact information for the media relations representative on-call.
Michigan's everchanging weather can play havoc on skin care. The arrival of summer not only means rising temperatures, but increased exposure to the sun. Beaumont dermatologists are available to offer seasonal skin care tips.
Copyright © 2014 Beaumont Health System. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Policy | Site Map


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Mason City Sex Offender Pleads Guilty To Failing To Register
Contact: Peter Deegan
A sex offender who failed to register when he moved to Iowa pled guilty on February 1, 2012, in federal court in Cedar Rapids.
Tommy Kuehl, age 40, from Mason City, was convicted of one count of failure to register as a sex offender.
At the plea hearing, Kuehl admitted that, between May and September 2011, after moving to Iowa, he knowingly failed to register under the Sex Offender Registration and Notification Act. In 1991, Kuehl was convicted in Arizona for a sex offense involving a minor.
Sentencing before United States District Court Chief Judge Linda R. Reade will be set after a presentence report is prepared. Kuehl remains in custody of the United States Marshal pending sentencing. Kuehl faces a possible maximum sentence of 10 years' imprisonment, a $250,000 fine, a $100 special assessment, and supervised release for 5 years to life following his imprisonment.
This case is being prosecuted by Assistant United States Attorney Mark Tremmel and was investigated by the United States Marshals Service and the Cerro Gordo County Sheriff's Office.
This case was brought as part of Project Safe Childhood, a nationwide initiative launched in May 2006 by the Department of Justice to combat the growing epidemic of child sexual exploitation and abuse. Led by United States Attorneys' Offices and the Criminal Division's Child Exploitation and Obscenity Section (CEOS), Project Safe Childhood marshals federal, state, and local resources to better locate, apprehend, and prosecute individuals who exploit children via the Internet, as well as to identify and rescue victims. For more information about Project Safe Childhood, please visit www.projectsafechildhood.gov.
Court file information is available at https://ecf.iand.uscourts.gov/cgi-bin/login.pl. The case file number is CR 11-3053.


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Going Rate For Emergency Plow: $200/Hour
by Paul Bass | Feb 10, 2013 4:37 pm
(1) Comment | Commenting has been closed | E-mail the Author
Posted to: Winter Storm Nemo
Tim Musella heard about the record blizzard that blanketed New Haven—and revved up his Ford F-150 to head up north from Baltimore.
Musella arrived in town at 11 p.m. Saturday with a partner, a snow blower in the back, and a plow attached to the front of his Ford.
They're crashing at the home of a friend's mom here while digging out people's driveways and taking on whatever other plow work they can get.
"I knew that there was a blizzard coming up here," he said during a momentary stop on Edgewood Avenue. His partner was in Westville using the snow blower at a small home while Musella headed for a bigger plow job. "We didn't get hit by the snow down there [in Baltimore]. I decided to come up here to help some people out."
They picked up some jobs running into people Saturday night. Sunday the jobs rolled in by appointment, from people responding to a cragislist ad placed by Musella's fiancee.
His going rate: $200 an hour. The heavy snow, he explained, takes a toll on the equipment.
Stopped behind Musella on the one open eastbound lane on Edgewood was a man in a car offering rides for $20.
City Chief Administrative Officer Rob Smuts said he knows a lot of private plowers are out there cleaning up.
"We haven't seen any systematic problems" with private plowers, he said. "Just exercise common sense about any of those contractual deals."


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This is seriously probably one of the first things I ever pinned:
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Slice apples, slather peanut butter, place marshmallows, done.
You know what? I'm not even going to bother regaling you with the tale of how I made these, because I think the results speak for themselves. When you do it, you should not do it like me, ok? Or your apple smiles will look like hideous apple grimaces with gingivitis.
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WCN quicklink >> Mirjam Melchers planning 2007 return Review of the Season Mirjam Melchers injured in Euregio Tour Team 2006 |
Mirjam Melchers on the way for 2007 More surgery required, but steady progress The year 2006 started with an enormous disappointment for Mirjam Melchers-van Poppel, despite her victory in Worlds biggest cycling classic, the Tour of Flanders. A visit to Veldhoven Hospital saw her diagnosed with a vasoconstriction in her left leg. This was operated upon in early June and Melchers began her rehabilitation in order to prepare for the World Championships in Salzburg. In the run up to the World Championships, Melchers started the Euregio Ladies Tour without ambition but with some good results (she placed in the top ten in the first two stages). Her form was improving and she was feeling good until the crash which occurred in the closing kilometres of the third stage. She broke her hip, pelvis and jaw. Melchers remembers: "I still know everything from the crash, I conscious. But fortunately all the bad memories are gradually disappearing." Even from the early days after the crash, there no chance that the "Gelderlandse" (a native of the Gelderland region of the Netherlands) would retire from her favourite sport, despite some fears that she would have to stop racing. "But in that period the recovery process was much more important for me. To ride optimal with a bicycle again was at that moment not my first priority. First I had to go back to basics, to function normally and to do the daily things without feeling any pain." She continues "I have thought about a lot of things, you start to realise that there is much more [to life] than just cycling. At certain moments during the recovery process and the rehabilitation I have thought to retire. It was certainly not a normal crash, but due to the fact that I am now able to and want to speak about it, I have decided to go on." Now, three months later, Melchers is doing very well. There is still some uncertainty about whether she will be able to return to the highest level of competition, to continue her career. But, according to her husband and manager Jean-Paul van Poppel, she is very motivated to make a comeback. He and the team are well aware that once she starts riding seriously again, she will give her all, as as someone who is really addicted to cycling. Melchers still has some medical procedures to endure before concentrating fully on the bike. On January 10th, doctors will determine whether they can remove the screws in her pelvis. On 26 January 2007 she will undergo another operation on her jaw in the University Hospital in Aachen. TT - Stage 1 of Euregio Signing souvenir jerseys On her way to victory in Flanders Want to contact WomensCycling.net? The WomensCycling.net email address is To contact the webmaster, the address is : Type this address into the "To" line of a new email message in your email programme. The WomensCycling.net email address is displayed as a graphic in order to reduce the amount of 'spam' email received from programmes which 'crawl' the internet for sites with addresses displayed in text and then overwhelm that address with junk, or even forge the address in junk messages that they generate and send to others. Sorry for any inconvenience this approach causes you. |
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The Office of Faculty Development is a resource for all faculty and all college educational programs. Please contact the office with questions or for additional information.


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Spriter is an animation tool for 2d games. Larger, more smoothly animated characters, all running on your favorite engine and platform. Read more
Spriter is an animation tool for 2d games. Larger, more smoothly animated characters, all running on your favorite engine and platform.
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Dan Fessler(danfessler.com)
professional freelance game artist, on Spriter's potential:
"It's very exciting to see something like Spriter available to more game developers. Modular animation has been the secret to large sprite animation since our 16-bit days; both in aiding the process of animation but, more importantly, in working with the limitations of various platforms. Something like this becoming mainstream helps independent developers to overcome platform issues and alleviate a very frustrating part of game production. Spriter's interface is easy to learn, intuitive to work with and can easily be incorporated into any artists' workflow. I'm excitedly looking forward to the progress that will be made towards the refinement of this very promising tool and also to the day when I can incorporate something like this into my team's day-to-day tasks."
Nick Wozniak - Animation Director - Wayforward - developers of Thor : God of Thunder for DS
Spriter Beta animation implementations developed during this Kickstarter:
- Cocos2d(by @TacoGraveyard) http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_embedded&v=mtX0a26voWU
- GameMaker(by icuurd12b42) http://gmc.yoyogames.com/index.php?showtopic=537492
- Flashpunk(by @abeltoy) http://www.brashmonkey.com/spriter/PunkSpriter.swf
Flixel(by @abeltoy) http://www.brashmonkey.com/spriter/FlxSpriter.swf
Starling(by @abeltoy) http://www.brashmonkey.com/spriter/StarlingSpriter.html
AS3(by @abeltoy) http://www.brashmonkey.com/spriter/BitmapSpriter.swf
XNA(by Mark Schmelzenbach) http://www.brashmonkey.com/spriter/SpriterBetaXNA.zip
JBlocks(by Zeroluck)
- Libgdx (by Christian Finckler) http://www.badlogicgames.com/forum/viewtopic.php?f=17&t=3863
- Love2D(by @mariocaprino)
- Torque2D(by @FractalOutlook)
- SFML(by @mrwonko)https://github.com/mrwonko/SFMLSpriter/downloads
- Monkey(by therevills) http://www.monkeycoder.co.nz/Community/posts.php?topic=2709
Click here for info about 2D Rigging Features in Spriter 1.x
Link to the Beta Test
Whether you're curious, skeptical, or just want to give it a test drive, please feel free to download the beta of our free version (featured in the image and video above). We're not done with it, so please understand this is a beta test version, and much will be improved and added. Please read the Getting Started Guide, included with the download.
What is Spriter?
Spriter is a powerful animation tool for creating highly detailed 2d real-time game characters and effects in an intuitive, visual editor. The characters are saved to a format that allows game engines to produce higher quality visuals, while also using less video ram, and requiring less disk space per frame than traditional 2d sprite animation.
Spriter also provides several game specific features like collision boxes, and sound effect triggering, and saves to an open format that will be useable across many different game engines and platforms.
We released the beta version fileformat to selected developers on April 7th, and within 2 days there were 5 different implementations. As of April 17th, the beta format is available to all developers(See Update 7). As of this posting there has Spriter beta format animation loaded and played back in cocos2d(@tacograveyard), xna(Mark Schmelzenbach), LibGdx(Christian Finckler), JBlocks(ZeroLuck), flashpunk(Abel Toy), as3(Abel Toy), flixel(Abel Toy), and starling(Abel Toy).
How does it work?
Spriter uses a multi-image animation technique similar to some of the more visually impressive modern 2d games such as Muramasa or Shank. Until now there hasn't been a 3rd party tool for this purpose. Game makers looking to use this technique needed to create their own animation software from scratch.
In Spriter, what you see in your editor is what the player will see when in their game. Not scaled down. Not selected animation frames. The same large, smoothly animated character.
Export images from the software of your choice to create the parts you wish to use to build your character. Spriter will use these to create your 'palette'. You can then build and animate your character out of these parts in our streamlined editor, which includes useful animation features like Onion Skinning and Selection Grouping. But rather than export each frame as one complete image, Spriter saves the coordinate, rotation, size, color tint, opacity, etc, of each of the parts, which can be used in the game engine to recreate the animation.
With this technique, you can have as many frames as you want without affecting VRAM usage. For developers and animators this means more detailed characters, more detailed animations, and more available resources. In short, much better looking, and much better performing games. For gamers, this means that instead of just a handful of developers making cutting edge 2d, this animation technique will now be accessible to all developers, large and small, which means more great looking games for you.
Spriter's Open, Universal File Format
Spriter game animations won't be tied to a specific development tool. Spriter saves to a fully open XML based format we call SCML, which is an acronym for Spriter Character Markup Language. Our intention is to get Spriter animation supported on every major game authoring tool. So far, we have a feature complete Scirra Construct Classic plugin in beta for creating DirectX 9 games with Spriter. Work has begun by third parties on Unity and Torque2d support for Spriter animations, which means soon Spriter animated characters could be possible on PC, Mac, PS3, XBOX360, Wii, Android, iOS, and Flash.
In addition to the plugins and extensions we will be creating in house or outsourcing to a third party, we will provide full documentation of the file specification and free support on our forums to anyone who wants to integrate Spriter animation support into any game authoring tool or programming language, including their own proprietary game engine.
Game Specific Features
Spriter allows animators or developers to use the same intuitive editor to add game specific features such as collision rectangles, action points, variables, and sound effects that can all be animated with the character. Want to know whether your character was punched in the face? Name a collision box "face" and animate it with your character. Add your sound effects in the Spriter editor, to have them triggered in game at exactly the right moment. Use animatable action points to keep track of important spots you'll want access to at runtime, like the tip of the gun barrel to spawn bullets from. And animatable variables to embed any information you wish directly into your animations, whether that's how powerful the punch is at any certain moment in the swing, to whether your characters feet are on the ground.
Character Maps
In Spriter, art assets and animation data are kept separate, ,which makes it possible to have what we call Character Maps, to do anything from replace your characters' weapons and armor, to creating entirely different characters, simply by choosing alternate images for groups of parts. You can animate your character once, and then draw as many alternate parts as you wish, and Spriter will simply animate the on screen character with the alternate parts. For each character map you can choose to display, hide, or replace any number of images.
Eventually, we'd like to add support to create character maps at gametime, to let your players create mods for your game with no additional programming effort, simply by exposing a given character's art assets, and giving your players the option of choosing a folder of similarly named replacement images. You could also use this to allow for randomized NPCs built by combining several optional parts, or customizable characters players could save from one version of your game - say the Facebook version, and load them on a completely different platform, like iPad, or PS3.
Art Packs
Spriter has the potential to revolutionize 2d animation in the game
industry by introducing the concept of 2d art packs. Imagine buying a set of fully animated game characters, then
just changing a handful of body part images to create your own totally
unique, fully animated characters for your game. And you could of course tweak any of these animations to further customize your character, and add your own for your game's specific purposes. With these art
packs, gorgeous professional quality 2d art and animation can finally be within any
game maker's budget.
We've already begun work on our first fully professionally animated video game art packs. The first two we create will be Platform/adventure and Game effects. Certianly countless other artists will also begin creating similar Spriter art packs as Spriter becomes more popular and supported in all the major game authoring packages.
How will the funding be used?
Simple. To pay basic living expenses while we continue to work fulltime to get Spriter to 1.0 over the next 9 months. Continued full-time focus on Spriter will also help us to recruit talent to get Spriter support on as many different engines and authoring tools as possible, as well as write tutorials and documentation.
Spriter fills an important niche for artists and game developers, and deserves and requires fulltime attention to get it to where it needs to be. It isn't enough for Spriter to just work, it has to be a great animation editor. An animation program that is merely adequate isn't adequate at all. Artists are at their best when their tools are refined and their interface is streamlined. Making a great UI is a fulltime job, and has often been an overtime job.
This is doubly important since Spriter is the first third party tool of this nature. Because of this unique position, it represents an opportunity to establish file format and workflow standards for future tools of it's kind, and we're committed to continuing to incorporate feedback from a variety of testers of varying backgrounds, to make it the best tool it can be. This is not a job that should be rushed, and left to spare time.
So in short, funding will keep Spriter development speeding ahead at full speed, with our full focus.
Beyond our Funding Goal - Procedural Animation and Other Possibilities
We chose a funding goal that we estimate is required to complete Spriter to 1.0, and include all the features that have been mentioned above in 9 months. That is the goal of this project.
However, there are possibilities far beyond what's been stated above, and with proper funding, we can begin work on these immediately after we meet the above goal of Spriter 1.0. These are future planned features of Spriter, and before beginning on the current version of Spriter, we had working prototypes of all of the following features, a few of which can be seen in early experimental form at the end of the video above.
Free-form Deformable Parts and 2d skinning
First, we'd like to add the ability to bend and reshape each image into any amorphous curved shape, which can be used to create very organic, fluid characters. These shape would also be tweenable, which could be used for anything from complex and detailed facial expressions to fluidly flowing clothing or clouds of dust.
The separate, but related feature of 2d skinning would allow you to bend both standard parts, or these new free-form deformable parts around "bones". For instance, an artist could draw one complete arm, and attach it to the arm joint, so this one image could actually bend at the elbow. This would be similar to what's possible with packages such as Flash or Anime Studio and Adobe After Effect's puppet tool, but optimized for realtime use in games, and again, with Spriter's highly streamlined, focused interface, and saved to Spriter's universal file format.
Procedural Animation, Shapes, and Variables
For those who are unfamiliar with the term procedural animation, it basically means your game can generate new animations while your game is running. This allows you to create animations that can automatically adapt to each and every unique gameplay situation in a variety of ways that modern games are only beginning to scratch the surface of.
One example is NaturalMotion's Euphoria software which made it possible for Grand Theft Auto IV and Star Wars: The Force Unleashed to have characters that continued to try to recover from physics controlled falls instead of just becoming lifeless ragdolls, though ragdolls themselves are an older simpler form of procedural animation.
Another very different example is Spore by maxis, which is famous for it's heavy use of procedural generation. Because of it's procedural content, Spore has an amazingly massive scope that spans literally hundreds of thousands of planets, where you can possibly encounter hundreds of millions of very different creatures.
Procedural Content in Spriter
Through our various prototypes and experiments, we discovered a way to integrate a variety of procedural techniques for animation, behavior, and shape generation, without the need for a complex interface or scripts. This would allow for a wide variety of possibilities, but I will give a few examples here.
Procedural Shapes
You could create a range of preset shape possibilities for facial expressions, and have your characters' face reflect a unique mix of several emotions that can change from moment to moment, as well as be unique for each character's personality. This could also allow you to generate infinitely diverse faces and clothing for background characters, or background elements, like trees and clouds, that retain your unique style, but allow for infinite variety generated on the fly.
Procedural Animations
The same could be applied to animations as well. For example, you could create a variety of different walk and run cycles or fighting animations reflecting anything you wish, from a character's femininity or masculinity, strength, fatigue, fighting style or skill level, personality, current emotional state, etc. These could be used to create specific characters for your game's storyline, who animate very differently without the need to individually animate them, or you could also create an infinite variety of extremely diverse background characters each with their own personality and way of reacting to what's happening in the game environment and to eachother. This could also allow for parts of your character to animate for you, both in the editor, and in game, as other parts of your character move. This could be for anything from a bicep bulging automatically as an arm flexes, to a complex set of gears and pistons moving in perfect sync to a robots body movements.
Spriter could also allow you to set constraints that can be used to mix these dynamic animations with non-Spriter game information to be able to mix animations with ragdoll physics, or to make a characters look at specific objects, aim at a specific point on the screen, or adjust their walk cycle to navigate rough terrain more realistically or step over obstacles. This could also be used to make things like trees or grass that animate in a stylized way, that is still dependent and affected by what's happening in the game.
Procedural Variables
In addition to procedural animation and shapes, we could extend the concept of animated variables into the procedural domain. This would allow you to make variables that can interact with each other, and your game, and other Spriter characters, to allow for extremely dynamic characters and extremely dynamic interaction. An example of a few variables interacting could be a variable called "intimidation" coming from one character can have an effect a value called "fear" in another. The degree to which "intimidation" affects "fear" could be based on a third variable called "bravery" or "cowardice". By using these variables to control the blending of procedural animations, it's possible to create very dynamic characters.
Procedural Art Packs
Lastly,these concepts could be used to create procedurally animated art packs, which would contain all of the animation data necessary to create a custom walk cycle simply by dragging sliders representing things like fatigue, gender, emotion, or even cartoony vs realistic. Again, in the editor you could also visually specify ranges of possibilities that your game could use to create random characters and creatures for the background, or even make each character in that horde about to attack your characters a unique looking and moving individual.
Thank you
Thanks to everyone who took the time to learn a little bit about Spriter. We're happy to answer any questions you may have.
Edgar Muniz-Lead Programmer...........firstname.lastname@example.com
Mike Parent-Lead Artist........................email@example.com
Our website, Brashmonkey.com has links for those who wish to follow us on social media, such as facebook (www.facebook.com/brashmonkey)
Who are we?
Brashmonkey is a two man team. One animator, Mike Parent, and one programmer, Edgar Muniz(that's me). Mike Parent is an 8 year veteran in the game industry, where he has worked as a professional video game artist for companies like Gameloft, Wayforward, and GluMobile. His resume', including testimonials from previous employers, can be found at holymonkeystudio.com. Mike founded Brashmonkey, and created a functional, earlier version of Spriter.
I was originally hired by Mike to make a plugin for using Spriter animations in Scirra's Construct Classic, an open source game creation tool. I had contributed to Construct Classic with plugins, and various feature enhancements and bug fixes.
I had also been working on a similar program, lacking some of the features of Spriter such as character maps, and an open file format, but which had a much more userfriendly interface, and the beginnings of many of the features listed in the 'Beyond our Funding Goal' section. After completing the Construct Classic plugin, I approached him about developing a new version of Spriter, that would incorporate the best of both our ideas.
We decided to become full partners, and create the ultimate 2d animation platform.
Spriter, the application, is currently available on PC, Mac, and Linux. The exported format is an open format consisting of xml, and image, and can be used in almost anything.
Pledge $10 or more
11 backers
Our undying gratitude permanently etched on every electronic Spriter manual and on the acknowledgements section of our website, from here until the end of time.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $25 or more
1,203 backers
All of the above, and the full pro version of Spriter, starting with the original version immediately available for download, which comes with the free Construct Classic plug-in for easily loading your Spriter character into Construct based directx games - Plus! One additional plugin of your choice upon it's release. The Construct 2 plugin for making games that run in browsers, with optional Facebook, and Kongregate integration, is guaranteed to be available within our 6 month development cycle, but if you choose to, you may wait for any plugin of your choice. We cannot guarantee their eventual availability, or a timeframe for development, because both are in most cases dependent on our ability to recruit a capable third developer, however, we will make every effort to have plugins available for Torque2d, Unity, Gamemaker, DarkBasic, MultimediaFusion 2, as well as a general C++ API for integration into your own engines written from scratch. If you have already purchased a previous version of Spriter, you may choose 2 plugins of your choice.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $40 or more
317 backers
All of the above, and a free art pack created by professional game artist Mike Parent, that you can use to get a head start on making your amazing looking game. Replace a handful of images, and you have completely original art, already professionally animated. If you wish to you may also tweak the animations to give your characters even more unique personality. The first art pack estimated for August will be a Platform-Adventure art pack. You may choose to hold on to your claim and wait for another pack. As of yet, we don't have time estimates for future art packs beyond the first.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $60 or more
180 backers
All of the above, plus membership to the private Spriter forums, where you will have access to daily builds, and test new features the same day we begin testing them. You will be free to use these features in your own titles, including commercial titles, the moment they are available to you. This private forum will give you a direct line to feature suggestions and shaping workflow, while features are still being developed.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $75 or more
23 backers
Everything above, plus membership to the private Prophecies of N'nar forums. Prophecies of Nnar will be a game developed by Brashmonkey using the amazing Spriter technology. You will have access to beta versions of the game, playing levels, and giving gameplay feedback, before the rest of the world even has a screenshot of the levels you're playing.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $99 or more
21 backers
This is a Unity specific reward.
Everything above, and participation in the Unity alpha, once it's far along enough. Delivery date estimation is the same as Spriter 1.0 to give us some breathing room, but we expect you'll be alpha testing long before this.Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $100 or more
17 backers Limited (3 left of 20)
Everything above PLUS a 30 minute live portfolio review via Skype or Messenger between Mike Parent and any aspiring game artist of your choice(or two aspiring artists of your choice). If you aren't an artist or don't know artists, we're open to alternate reward ideas. :) Individual sessions will need to be scheduled, but will begin as soon as we are funded.
You will also get a signed original concept sketch by Mike Parent for the upcoming adventure game, Prophecies of N'nar.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $200 or more
13 backers Limited (7 left of 20)
Everything above, except the portfolio review, PLUS ALL future 1st party plugins for Spriter across all game engines and platforms, beginning with the first at the estimated date.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $300 or more
20 backers Limited (10 left of 30)
Everything above, except the portfolio review, PLUS ALL future 1st party art packs for Spriter, beginning with the first at the estimated date.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $500 or more
6 backers Limited (6 left of 12)
Wow!!! Thank you! Everything above, including the portfolio review, AND you get to choose between a custom character made to your specifications for your own game, by professional game artist Mike Parent, OR a Spriter character version of yourself making a cameo appearance in Brashmonkey's in house title, Prophecies of N'nar. You will also get the original files to be able to load your character into Spriter, and do....whatever with. You won't have partial ownership over that character, or a share of profits from N'nar, but you can put you in your own game, or make animated greeting cards or whatever. The time estimate below is a rough estimate for N'nar's release, a custom Sprite for your own game could be delivered much sooner.
Custom character for your game will include one idle animation, and a close up dialogue portrait.
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $1,000 or more
0 backers Limited (4 left of 4)
Everything above AND have a town in BrashMonkey's Prophecies of N'nar named after you WITH a statue of you in your honor in the town square!
Estimated delivery: -
Pledge $2,000 or more
0 backers Limited (4 left of 4)
Woohoo!!! You rock! You can have everything above AND a full version of ALL future Brashmonkey software, for the extent that Mike Parent and Lucid are running the show. This includes all future development tools, games, plugins, artpacks, you name it. We don't intend to stop with Spriter or N'nar. The potential value for this is staggering, if not earthshattering, or life-altering. Estimated delivery date starts with the release of Spriter 1.0.
Estimated delivery:
Funding period
- (30 days)


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Real Sociedad, a soccer club in Spain's La Liga has an interesting campaign for the fans. It's called We Carry You on Our Shirts and what they're doing is selecting names at random from their fan club to put on their jerseys.
Please take a moment to sign in with your Facebook account to share videos and news on your timeline.


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Habitat Protection For The Florida Panther
Photo courtesy U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Southeast
Did You Know?
- Unlike lions and tigers, Florida panthers can't roar.
- Panthers mostly eat white-tailed deer, but they also will eat feral pigs, armadillos and alligators.
- Panthers live 10 years, on average, but have been known to live up to 20.
- There has never been a report of a Florida panther attacking a human in the wild.
- Florida schoolchildren voted for the panther as state animal over other popular species, such as the manatee and the alligator.
- The Seminole tribe in Florida is divided into clans named after animals. Seminole medicine people traditionally come from the Panther Clan.
- At the annual Panther Festival in Naples, Florida, naturalists teach the community how to live safely with panthers nearby.
A Panther By Any Other Name
Other names for the Florida panther include: mountain lion, painter, catamount, Klandagi, fire cat, Coowahchobee, Katalgar, Koicto, cougar, Pumato
The Florida panther is the only cougar species found east of the Mississippi River. Although you'll see the Florida panther on everything from license plates to the state hockey team's jersey, this elusive cat was one of the first animals added to the U.S. Endangered Species List in 1967 and is one of the most endangered mammals in the world, with current population numbers hovering around 100 adult cats.
What Kind Of Cat Is It?
The Seminole tribe of Florida calls it coo-wah-chobee, or "big cat." A naturalist will say puma concolor coryi. A 16th-century European explorer may have referred to it as a devil cat.
Since the Pleistocene era, North America has been home to big cats, a genus now classified under the name puma. The Florida panther is a distinct subspecies discovered in 1896 by naturalist Charles Barney Cory and is genetically habituated to the forests and swamps of southern Florida.
A Panther Needs Territory
The biggest challenge for the Florida panther? Habitat loss. Between 1935 and 1990, the human population of Florida grew by an estimated 4.7 million. That's an average of 1700 people a week.
A male panther has a territory of about 200 square miles—the equivalent of roughly 100,000 football fields—and, like most felines, won't share his territory with other males. The average female panther requires about 80 square miles of territory but will share territory with other females, as well as males.
With numbers like these, it's easy to understand why so few panthers remain and why so many—around 15 to 18 a year—are struck by motorists as they search for new territory.
Our Efforts
For the Florida panther to breed and hunt successfully in an increasingly developed landscape, corporations, private citizens and public agencies must work together to save Florida's natural areas. That's just what happened when, in 2011, we completed a multi-year effort to save nearly 650 acres of prime panther habitat. Located outside Naples near the Florida Panther National Wildlife Refuge, this land is a top conservation priority of the Florida Panther Interagency Committee (made up by the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission, the National Park Service and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service). The project was also made possible because of the support of a local landowner. Together, we've given this big cat a little more room to roam at home.


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There are many reasons why a book might be unavailable.
Sometimes a book goes temporarily out of print - and sometimes no audio version has ever been recorded. Audible wants to give you the most complete selection we can and we'll keep adding series and filling in gaps as quickly as possible.
For any friends who love westerns, this is another quality job by L'amour. His style is still somewhat different, since it is a continuation of anoth..Show More »
The whole series of books that are available that Louis L'Amour wrote with the character Hopalong Cassidy are very good and well written. I highly rec..Show More »
There are no listener reviews for this title yet.
There are no listener reviews for this title yet.
If you listen to a lot of westerns, and I have a lot, then you will be disappointed by this book. Clarence Mulford's writing style is awkward. I beli..Show More »


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Spanish Dictionary
Learn spanish
Vocabulary builder
Spanish verbs
Spanish Dictionary
Pronunciation of hacer
Let me know how we can proceed and how I could help you further. I am looking forward to share lessons and maybe meet you in person in Singapore one day. Kind regards to you and your wife.
We would love, if you could renew it, since we did a lot of updates to our site, such as visual lessons (lessons with images), lesson sharing, dictionary, verb conjugation tables and much more...
Usually we were not that picky, but we intended to stay in Buenos Aires for almost 10 days. On the first day we walked around the city center and did some shopping in the Florida passage.


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Make or break New York fashion week, Zara in India, Monique Lhuillier, Lauder cuts jobs
aniel Silver and Steven Cox of Duckie Brown; Lisa Mayock of Vena Cava; Andrew Buckler; Sophie Buhai, photo courtesy of the New York Times
The Make or Break Season (New York Times) "The age of the young designer, however, may be coming to an end." Zara's Inditex latest to join the stampede to open India stores (The Spectator) Zara, the Spanish fast fashion chain, will open in India. Monique Lhuillier's New Lower-Priced Gowns (WSJ) Responding to the requests of retailers, Monique Lhuillier will now offer evening gowns that will retail around $2,500. Lauder